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angle</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: lumbosacral angle"> <meta name="keywords" content="lumbosacral angle"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="lumbosacral angle"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1431</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: lumbosacral angle</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1431</span> Correlation between Flexible Flatfoot and Lumbosacral Angle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moustafa%20Elwan">Moustafa Elwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sohier%20Shehata"> Sohier Shehata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20Sedek"> Fatma Sedek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manar%20Hussine"> Manar Hussine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the most risky factors that lead to a foot injury during physical activities are both high and low arched feet. Normally the medial longitudinal arch of the foot develops in the first 10 years of life, so flexible flat foot has an inversely relationship with age in the first decade, all over the world, the prevalence of flat foot is increasing. In approximately 15% of foot deformities cases, the deformity does not disappear and remains throughout adulthood, 90% of the clinical cases are complaining from foot problems are due to flatfoot. Flatfoot creates subtalar over pronation, which creates tibial and femoral medial rotation, and that is accompanied with increases of pelvic tilting anteriorly, which may influence the lumbar vertebrae alignment by increasing muscle tension and rotation. Objective: To study the impact of the flexible flatfoot on lumbosacral angle (angle of Ferguson). Methods: This experiment included 40 volunteers (14 females &26 males) gathered from the Faculty of Physical Therapy, Modern University of Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt, for each participant, four angles were measured in the foot( talar first metatarsal angle, lateral talocalcaneal angle, , Calcaneal first metatarsal angle, calcaneal inclination angle) and one angle in the lumbar region (lumbosacral angle). Measurement of these angles was conducted by using Surgimap Spine software (version 2.2.9.6). Results: The results demonstrated that there was no significant correlation betweenFerguson angle and lateral talocalcaneal (r=0.164, p=0.313). Also, there was no significant correlation between Ferguson angle and talo first metatarsal “Meary’s angle" (r=0.007, p=0.968). Moreover, there was no significant correlation between Ferguson angle and calcaneal-first metatarsal angle (r=0.083, p=0.612). Also, there was no significant correlation between Ferguson angle and calcaneal inclination angle (r= 0.032, p= 0.846). Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is no significant correlation between the flexible flat foot and lumbosacral angle So, more study should be conducted in large sample and different ages and conditions of foot problems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcaneal%20first%20metatarsal" title="calcaneal first metatarsal">calcaneal first metatarsal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcaneal%20inclination" title=" calcaneal inclination"> calcaneal inclination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flatfoot" title=" flatfoot"> flatfoot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferguson%E2%80%99s%20angle" title=" ferguson’s angle"> ferguson’s angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20talocalcaneal%20angle" title=" lateral talocalcaneal angle"> lateral talocalcaneal angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lumbosacral%20angle" title=" lumbosacral angle"> lumbosacral angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20talar%20first%20metatarsal%20angle" title=" and talar first metatarsal angle"> and talar first metatarsal angle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155584/correlation-between-flexible-flatfoot-and-lumbosacral-angle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155584.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1430</span> Chronic and Sub-Acute Lumbosacral Radiculopathies Behave Differently to Repeated Back Extension Exercises</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sami%20Alabdulwahab">Sami Alabdulwahab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Repeated back extension exercises (RBEEs) are among the management options for symptoms associated with lumbosacral radiculopathy (LSR). RBEEs have been reported to cause changes in the distribution and intensity of radicular symptoms caused by possible compression/decompression of the compromised nerve root. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the RBEEs on the neurophysiology of the compromised nerve root and on standing mobility and pain intensity in patients with sub-acute and chronic LSR. Methods: A total of 40 patients with unilateral sub-acute/chronic lumbosacral radiculopathy voluntarily participated in the study; the patients performed 3 sets of 10 RBEEs in the prone position with 1 min of rest between the sets. The soleus H-reflex, standing mobility and pain intensity were recorded before and after the RBEEs. Results: The results of the study showed that the RBEEs significantly improved the H-reflex, standing mobility and pain intensity in patients with sub-acute LSR (p<0.01); there was not a significant improvement in the patients with chronic LSR (p<0.61). Conclusion: RBEEs in prone position is recommended for improving the neurophysiological function of the compromised nerve root and standing mobility in patients with sub-acute LSR. Implication: Sub-acute and chronic LSR responded differently to RBEEs. Sub-acute LSR appear to have flexible and movable disc structures, which could be managed with RBEEs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=h-reflex" title="h-reflex">h-reflex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=back%20extension" title=" back extension"> back extension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lumbosacral%20radiculopathy" title=" lumbosacral radiculopathy"> lumbosacral radiculopathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain" title=" pain"> pain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34951/chronic-and-sub-acute-lumbosacral-radiculopathies-behave-differently-to-repeated-back-extension-exercises" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34951.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">478</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1429</span> Abnormal Branching Pattern of Lumbar Plexus in an Adult Male Cadaver: A Case Report</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepthinath%20Reghunathan">Deepthinath Reghunathan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satheesha%20Nayak"> Satheesha Nayak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudarshan%20S."> Sudarshan S.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prasad%20Alathady%20Maloor"> Prasad Alathady Maloor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prakash%20Shetty"> Prakash Shetty</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lumbar plexus is formed by the union of ventral rami of T12, L1, L2, L3 spinal nerves and the larger upper division of L4 lumbar spinal nerves. Variations in the normal anatomy of the lumbar and sacral plexus might be seen in some cases and are reported in the literature, but finding such an unusual case comprising of multiple variations which is normally not expected in a clinical setup, proves to be a vital piece of information for clinicians and medical practitioners. During the dissection of the abdomen and pelvis of an approximately 70 year old cadaver, we observed the following variations in the formation of the lumbar and sacral nerves. 1. The genitofemoral nerve bifurcated at a higher level; genital branch of genitofemoral nerve gave branches to the anterior abdominal wall muscles, 2. A communicating branch was given from the lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh to the medial cutaneous nerve of thigh, 3. A muscular branch was given from femoral nerve to psoas major, 4. There was absence of contribution of L4 spinal nerve in the formation of the lumbosacral trunk and 5. Lumbosacral trunk gave communicating branches to the femoral and obturator nerves. Most of the variations found were rare and finding all the above said variations in a single cadaver is even rare. Documentation of such rare cases with multiple variations in the formation of nerves from the lumbar plexus provides vital information on such occurrences. This information would in turn improve the knowledge of clinicians and surgeons dealing with this region. Emphasizing such knowledge of this region would prevent accidental damage to the structures with a variant anatomy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=femoral%20nerve" title="femoral nerve">femoral nerve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genitofemoral%20nerve" title=" genitofemoral nerve"> genitofemoral nerve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lumbar%20plexus" title=" lumbar plexus"> lumbar plexus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lumbosacral%20trunk" title=" lumbosacral trunk"> lumbosacral trunk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73174/abnormal-branching-pattern-of-lumbar-plexus-in-an-adult-male-cadaver-a-case-report" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73174.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1428</span> Performance Improvement of Photovoltaic Module at Different Tilt Angle in Kuwait</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussain%20Bunyan">Hussain Bunyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wesam%20Ali"> Wesam Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we will study the performance of a Silicon Photovoltaic (PV) system with different tilt angle arrangement in Kuwait (latitude 30˚ N). In this study the PV system is installed facing south, collecting maximum solar radiation at noon, and their angles are from 00 to 900 respectively, during full year at the Solstice and Equinox periods and aiming for a higher angle than 300 with competitive output power. The results show that the performance and the output power of the PV system with 50˚ tilt angle, is equivalent to the latitude tilt angle (30˚) during a full year. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20model" title="photovoltaic model">photovoltaic model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tilt%20angle" title=" tilt angle"> tilt angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20collector" title=" solar collector"> solar collector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PV%20system%20performance" title=" PV system performance"> PV system performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=State%20of%20Kuwait" title=" State of Kuwait"> State of Kuwait</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14874/performance-improvement-of-photovoltaic-module-at-different-tilt-angle-in-kuwait" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14874.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">514</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1427</span> Aerodynamic Investigation of Rear Vehicle by Geometry Variations on the Backlight Angle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saud%20Hassan">Saud Hassan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper shows simulation for the prediction of the flow around the backlight angle of the passenger vehicle. The CFD simulations are carried out on different car models. The Ahmed model “bluff body” used as the stander model to study aerodynamics of the backlight angle. This paper described the airflow over the different car models with different backlight angles and also on the Ahmed model to determine the trailing vortices with the varying backlight angle of a passenger vehicle body. The CFD simulation is carried out with the Ahmed body which has simplified car model mainly used in automotive industry to investigate the flow over the car body surface. The main goal of the simulation is to study the behavior of trailing vortices of these models. In this paper the air flow over the slant angle of 0,5o, 12.5o, 20o, 30o, 40o are considered. As investigating on the rear backlight angle two dimensional flows occurred at the rear slant, on the other hand when the slant angle is 30o the flow become three dimensional. Above this angle sudden drop occurred in drag. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics" title="aerodynamics">aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahemd%20vehicle" title=" Ahemd vehicle "> Ahemd vehicle </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=backlight%20angle" title=" backlight angle"> backlight angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title=" finite element method "> finite element method </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26384/aerodynamic-investigation-of-rear-vehicle-by-geometry-variations-on-the-backlight-angle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26384.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">781</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1426</span> Definition of Service Angle of Android’S Robot Hand by Method of Small Movements of Gripper’S Axis Synthesis by Speed Vector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valeriy%20Nebritov">Valeriy Nebritov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper presents a generalized method for determining the service solid angle based on the assigned gripper axis orientation with a stationary grip center. Motion synthesis in this work is carried out in the vector of velocities. As an example, a solid angle of the android robot arm is determined, this angle being formed by the longitudinal axis of a gripper. The nature of the method is based on the study of sets of configuration positions, defining the end point positions of the unit radius sphere sweep, which specifies the service solid angle. From this the spherical curve specifying the shape of the desired solid angle was determined. The results of the research can be used in the development of control systems of autonomous android robots. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=android%20robot" title="android robot">android robot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20systems" title=" control systems"> control systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motion%20synthesis" title=" motion synthesis"> motion synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service%20angle" title=" service angle"> service angle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105865/definition-of-service-angle-of-androids-robot-hand-by-method-of-small-movements-of-grippers-axis-synthesis-by-speed-vector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105865.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1425</span> The Origin Variability of the Iliolumbar Artery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raid%20Hommady">Raid Hommady</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waseem%20Al-Talalwah"> Waseem Al-Talalwah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shorok%20Al%20Dorazi"> Shorok Al Dorazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roger%20Soames"> Roger Soames</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The iliolumbar artery is a regular branch of posterior division of the internal iliac artery. The present study investigate 82 specimens to identify the origin of iliolumbar artery. The present study targets the sciatic nerve root supply from iliolumbar artery based on its origin and course. In present study, the ililumbar artery arose from the posterior division of internal iliac artery in 52.2%. In few cases, it arose from dorsomedial aspect of the internal iliac artery in 28.8%. In few cases, the iliolumbar artery arose from the dorsal aspects of the internal iliac artery as well as from the common and external iliac artery 1.7%. Also, the iliolumbar artery arose from the sciatic artery as well as from superior and inferior gluteal arteries in 5.1%. Conversely, it found to be congenital absent in 8.5%. Therefore, the posterior trunk of the internal iliac artery is the most common origin of the iliolumbar artery. With the origin variability of the iliolumbar artery, there is a vascular supply variability of the lumbosacral trunk and sacral root of sciatic nerve. The iliolumbar artery provides vascular supply for lumbosacral trunk 57.3% in whereas the sacral root in 5.1%. As a result, surgeons should pay attention to these variations to decrease iatrogenic fault. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iliolumbar" title="iliolumbar">iliolumbar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sciatic%20artery" title=" sciatic artery"> sciatic artery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20iliac" title=" internal iliac"> internal iliac</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20iliac" title=" external iliac"> external iliac</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=posterior%20division" title=" posterior division"> posterior division</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30964/the-origin-variability-of-the-iliolumbar-artery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30964.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1424</span> Performance of Photovoltaic Module at Different Tilt Angles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussain%20Bunyan">Hussain Bunyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wesam%20Ali"> Wesam Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we will study the performance of a Silicon Photovoltaic (PV) system with different tilt angle arrangement in Kuwait (latitude 30˚ N). In the study the PV system is installed facing South, collecting maximum solar radiation at noon, and their angles are from 00 to 900 respectively, during full year at the Solstice and Equinox periods, aiming for a higher angle than 300 with competitive output power. The results show that the performance and the output power of the PV system with 50˚ tilt angle, is equivalent to the latitude tilt angle (30˚) during a full year. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20model" title="photovoltaic model">photovoltaic model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tilt%20angle" title=" tilt angle"> tilt angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20collector" title=" solar collector"> solar collector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PV%20system%20performance" title=" PV system performance"> PV system performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=State%20of%20Kuwait" title=" State of Kuwait "> State of Kuwait </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17334/performance-of-photovoltaic-module-at-different-tilt-angles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17334.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">492</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1423</span> Optimization of Tilt Angle for Solar Collectors: A Case Study for Bursa, Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Arslanoglu">N. Arslanoglu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with the optimum tilt angle for the solar collector in order to collect the maximum solar radiation. The optimum angle for tilted surfaces varying from 0<sup>◦</sup> to 90<sup>◦</sup> in steps of 1<sup>◦ </sup>was computed. In present study, a theoretical model is used to predict the global solar radiation on a tilted surface and to obtain the optimum tilt angle for a solar collector in Bursa, Turkey. Global solar energy radiation on the solar collector surface with an optimum tilt angle is calculated for specific periods. It is determined that the optimum slope angle varies between 0<sup>◦</sup> (June) and 59<sup>◦</sup> (December) throughout the year. In winter (December, January, and February) the tilt should be 55<sup>◦</sup>, in spring (March, April, and May) 19.6<sup>◦</sup>, in summer (June, July, and August) 5.6<sup>◦</sup>, and in autumn (September, October, and November) 44.3<sup>◦</sup>. The yearly average of this value was obtained to be 31.1<sup>◦</sup> and this would be the optimum fixed slope throughout the year. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bursa" title="Bursa">Bursa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20solar%20radiation" title=" global solar radiation"> global solar radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimum%20tilt%20angle" title=" optimum tilt angle"> optimum tilt angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tilted%20surface" title=" tilted surface"> tilted surface</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49458/optimization-of-tilt-angle-for-solar-collectors-a-case-study-for-bursa-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49458.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1422</span> Measurement of the Quadriceps Angle with Respect to Various Body Parameters in Arab Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramada%20R.%20Khasawneh">Ramada R. Khasawneh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Z.%20Allouh"> Mohammed Z. Allouh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ejlal%20Abu-El%20Rub"> Ejlal Abu-El Rub</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The quadriceps angle (Q angle), formed between the quadriceps muscles and the patella tendon, is considered clinically as a very important parameter which displays the biomechanical effect of the quadriceps muscle on the knee, and it is also regarded as a crucial factor for the proper posture and movement of the knee patella. This study had been conducted to measure the normal Q angle values range in the Arab nationalities and determine the correlation between Q angle values and several body parameters, including gender, height, weight, dominant side, and the condylar distance of the femur. The study includes 500 healthy Arab students from Yarmouk University and Jordan University of Science and Technology. The Q angle of those volunteers was measured using a universal manual Goniometer with the subjects in the upright weight-bearing position. It was found that the Q angle was greater in women than in men. The analysis of the data revealed an insignificant increase in the dominant side of the Q angle. In addition, the Q was significantly higher in the taller people of both sexes. However, the Q angle did not present any considerable correlation with weight in the study population; conversely, it was observed that there was a link with the condylar distance of the femur in both sexes. It was also noticed that the Q angle increased remarkably when there was an increase in the condylar distance. Consequently, it turned out that the gender, height, and the condylar distance were momentous factors that had an impact on the Q angle in our study samples. However, weight and dominance factors did not show to have any influence on the values in our study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Q%20angle" title="Q angle">Q angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jordanian" title=" Jordanian"> Jordanian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anatomy" title=" anatomy"> anatomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=condylar%20distance" title=" condylar distance"> condylar distance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109735/measurement-of-the-quadriceps-angle-with-respect-to-various-body-parameters-in-arab-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109735.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1421</span> Hybrid GA-PSO Based Pitch Controller Design for Aircraft Control System </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vaibhav%20Singh%20%20Rajput">Vaibhav Singh Rajput</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ravi%20Kumar%20Jatoth"> Ravi Kumar Jatoth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nagu%20Bhookya"> Nagu Bhookya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhasker%20Boda"> Bhasker Boda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper proportional, integral, derivative (PID) controller is used to control the pitch angle of the aircraft when the elevation angle is changed or modified. The pitch angle is dependent on elevation angle; a change in one corresponds to a change in the other. The PID controller helps in restricted change of pitch rate in response to the elevation angle. The PID controller is dependent on different parameters like Kp, Ki, Kd which change the pitch rate as they change. Various methodologies are used for changing those parameters for getting a perfect time response pitch angle, as desired or wished by a concerned person. While reckoning the values of those parameters, trial and guessing may prove to be futile in order to provide comfort to passengers. So, using some metaheuristic techniques can be useful in handling these errors. Hybrid GA-PSO is one such powerful algorithm which can improve transient and steady state response and can give us more reliable results for PID gain scheduling problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pitch%20rate" title="pitch rate">pitch rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elevation%20angle" title=" elevation angle"> elevation angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PID%20controller" title=" PID controller"> PID controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20swarm%20optimization" title=" particle swarm optimization"> particle swarm optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phugoid" title=" phugoid"> phugoid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64457/hybrid-ga-pso-based-pitch-controller-design-for-aircraft-control-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64457.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1420</span> The Correlation between Head of Bed Angle and IntraAbdominal Pressure of Intubated Patients; a Pre-Post Clinical Trial</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sedigheh%20Samimian">Sedigheh Samimian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadra%20Ashrafi"> Sadra Ashrafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahereh%20Khaleghdoost%20Mohammadi"> Tahereh Khaleghdoost Mohammadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Reza%20Yeganeh"> Mohammad Reza Yeganeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Ashraf"> Ali Ashraf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamideh%20Hakimi"> Hamideh Hakimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Dehghani"> Maryam Dehghani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The recommended position for measuring Intra-Abdominal Pressure (IAP) is the supine position. However, patients put in this position are prone to Ventilator-associated pneumonia. This study was done to evaluate the relationship between bed head angle and IAP measurements of intubated patients in the intensive care unit. Methods: In this clinical trial, seventy-six critically ill patients under mechanical ventilation were enrolled. IAP measurement was performed every 8 hours for 24 hours using the KORN method in three different degrees of the head of bed (HOB) elevation (0°, 15°, and 30°). Bland-Altman analysis was performed to identify the bias and limits of agreement among the three HOBs. According to World Society of the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome (WSACS), we can consider two IAP techniques equivalent if a bias of <1 mmHg and limits of agreement of - 4 to +4 were found between them. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software (v. 19), and the significance level was considered as 0.05. Results: The prevalence of intra-abdominal hypertension was 18.42%. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) of IAP were 8.44 ± 4.02 mmHg for HOB angle 0°, 9.58 ± 4.52 for HOB angle 15°, and 11.10 ± 4.73 for HOB angle 30o (p = 0.0001). The IAP measurement bias between HOB angle 0◦ and HOB angle 15° was 1.13 mmHg. This bias was 2.66 mmHg between HOB angle 0° and HOB angle 30°. Conclusion: Elevation of HOB angle from 0 to 30 degree significantly increases IAP. It seems that the measurement of IAP at HOB angle 15° was more reliable than 30°. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure" title="pressure">pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intra-abdominal%20hypertension" title=" intra-abdominal hypertension"> intra-abdominal hypertension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=head%20of%20bed" title=" head of bed"> head of bed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20care" title=" critical care"> critical care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compartment%20syndrome" title=" compartment syndrome"> compartment syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supine%20position" title=" supine position"> supine position</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183409/the-correlation-between-head-of-bed-angle-and-intraabdominal-pressure-of-intubated-patients-a-pre-post-clinical-trial" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183409.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1419</span> Pythagorean-Platonic Lattice Method for Finding all Co-Prime Right Angle Triangles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anthony%20Overmars">Anthony Overmars</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sitalakshmi%20Venkatraman"> Sitalakshmi Venkatraman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a method for determining all of the co-prime right angle triangles in the Euclidean field by looking at the intersection of the Pythagorean and Platonic right angle triangles and the corresponding lattice that this produces. The co-prime properties of each lattice point representing a unique right angle triangle are then considered. This paper proposes a conjunction between these two ancient disparaging theorists. This work has wide applications in information security where cryptography involves improved ways of finding tuples of prime numbers for secure communication systems. In particular, this paper has direct impact in enhancing the encryption and decryption algorithms in cryptography. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pythagorean%20triples" title="Pythagorean triples">Pythagorean triples</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=platonic%20triples" title=" platonic triples"> platonic triples</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=right%20angle%20triangles" title=" right angle triangles"> right angle triangles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-prime%20numbers" title=" co-prime numbers"> co-prime numbers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cryptography" title=" cryptography"> cryptography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80590/pythagorean-platonic-lattice-method-for-finding-all-co-prime-right-angle-triangles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80590.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">239</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1418</span> Relationship Between Dynamic Balance, Jumping Performance and Q-angle in Soccer Players</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarik%20Ozmen">Tarik Ozmen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The soccer players need good dynamic balance and jumping performance for dribbling, crossing rival, and to be effective in high balls during soccer game. The quadriceps angle (Q-angle) is used to assess biomechanics of the patellofemoral joint in the musculoskeletal medicine. The Q angle is formed by the intersection of two lines drawing from the anterior superior iliac spine to the centre of the patella and to the midline of the tibia tuberosity. Studies have shown that the Q angle is inversely associated with quadriceps femoris strength. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationship between dynamic balance, jumping performance and Q-angle in soccer players. Thirty male soccer players (mean ± SD: age, 15.23 ± 0.56 years, height, 170 ± 8.37 cm, weight, 61.36 ± 6.04 kg) participated as volunteer in this study. Dynamic balance of the participants were evaluated at directions of anterior (A), posteromedial (PM) and posterolateral (PL) with Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT). Each participant was instructed to reach as far as with the non-dominant leg in each of the 3 directions while maintaining dominant leg stance. Leg length was used to normalize excursion distances by dividing the distance reached by leg length and then multiplying the result by 100. The jumping performance was evaluated by squat jump using a contact mat. A universal (standard) goniometer was used to measure the Q angle in standing position. The Q angle was not correlated with directions of SEBT (A: p = 0.32, PM: p = 0.06, PL: p = 0.37). The squat jump height was not correlated with Q-angle (p = 0.21). The findings of this study suggest that there are no significant relationships between dynamic balance, jumping performance and Q-angle in soccer players. Further studies should investigate relationship between balance ability, athletic performance and Q-angle with larger sample size in soccer players. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=balance" title="balance">balance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jump%20height" title=" jump height"> jump height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Q%20angle" title=" Q angle"> Q angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soccer" title=" soccer"> soccer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50053/relationship-between-dynamic-balance-jumping-performance-and-q-angle-in-soccer-players" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50053.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">457</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1417</span> The Influence of Winding Angle on Functional Failure of FRP Pipes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roham%20Rafiee">Roham Rafiee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadi%20Hesamsadat"> Hadi Hesamsadat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a parametric finite element modeling is developed to analyze failure modes of FRP pipes subjected to internal pressure. First-ply failure pressure and functional failure pressure was determined by a progressive damage modeling and then it is validated using experimental observations. The influence of both winding angle and fiber volume fraction is studied on the functional failure of FRP pipes and it corresponding pressure. It is observed that despite the fact that increasing fiber volume fraction will enhance the mechanical properties, it will be resulted in lower values for functional failure pressure. This shortcoming can be compensated by modifying the winding angle in angle plies of pipe wall structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20pipe" title="composite pipe">composite pipe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20failure" title=" functional failure"> functional failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=progressive%20modeling" title=" progressive modeling"> progressive modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=winding%20angle" title=" winding angle"> winding angle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1399/the-influence-of-winding-angle-on-functional-failure-of-frp-pipes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1399.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">546</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1416</span> Anatomical Characteristics of Superior Gluteal Artery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nawaf%20Al-Kharashi">Nawaf Al-Kharashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waseem%20Al-Talalwah"> Waseem Al-Talalwah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shorok%20Al%20Dorazi"> Shorok Al Dorazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roger%20Soames"> Roger Soames</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Superior gluteal artery is one of the largest branches of posterior division of the internal iliac artery. It passes between the lumbosacral and first sacral root to escape from the pelvic cavity through the grater sciatic foramen just above the piriformis. The current study includes 41 cadaver investigates the origin and branch of the superior gluteal artery and clarify the clinical significance. In present study, the superior gluteal artery arises from the posterior division of the internal iliac artery directly in 82.5% whereas it arises indirectly as from the sciatic artery in 15.9%. However, it is congenital absence in 1.6% which is compensated by sciatic artery. The sciatic nerve gains vascular supply from superior gluteal artery in two ways either during its course or giving lateral sacral artery in 27% and lumbar branches in 1.6%. It also supplies the adductors group and iliacus via giving obturator artery in 14.3% and in 1.6% respectively. The superior gluteal artery usually passes between lumbosacral trunk and first sacral root in 82.5% whereas it does not passes the sciatic roots as it arises behind them in 15.9%. With a variability of the superior gluteal artery origin, there is a variability of sciatic nerve roots supply. Further, the superior gluteal artery arising from sciatic artery behind the sciatic roots carries a high risk of intra-pelvic bleeding in case of posterior pelvic fracture. Prolonged ligation of the superior gluteal artery which gives lateral sacral artery may result in sciatic neuropathy. Therefore, surgeons have to be aware of the superior gluteal artery variation in origin, course and branches to reduce the iatrogenic faults. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20pudendal%20artery" title="internal pudendal artery">internal pudendal artery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inferior%20gluteal%20artery" title=" inferior gluteal artery"> inferior gluteal artery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superior%20gluteal%20artery" title=" superior gluteal artery"> superior gluteal artery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20iliac%20artery.%20sciatic%20neuropathy" title=" internal iliac artery. sciatic neuropathy"> internal iliac artery. sciatic neuropathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sciatic%20nerve" title=" sciatic nerve"> sciatic nerve</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30966/anatomical-characteristics-of-superior-gluteal-artery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30966.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">351</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1415</span> Tensile Properties of 3D Printed PLA under Unidirectional and Bidirectional Raster Angle: A Comparative Study </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shilpesh%20R.%20Rajpurohit">Shilpesh R. Rajpurohit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harshit%20K.%20Dave"> Harshit K. Dave</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fused deposition modeling (FDM) gains popularity in recent times, due to its capability to create prototype as well as functional end use product directly from CAD file. Parts fabricated using FDM process have mechanical properties comparable with those of injection-molded parts. However, performance of the FDM part is severally affected by the poor mechanical properties of the part due to nature of layered structure of printed part. Mechanical properties of the part can be improved by proper selection of process variables. In the present study, a comparative study between unidirectional and bidirectional raster angle has been carried out at a combination of different layer height and raster width. Unidirectional raster angle varied at five different levels, and bidirectional raster angle has been varied at three different levels. Fabrication of tensile specimen and tensile testing of specimen has been conducted according to ASTM D638 standard. From the results, it can be observed that higher tensile strength has been obtained at 0° raster angle followed by 45°/45° raster angle, while lower tensile strength has been obtained at 90° raster angle. Analysis of fractured surface revealed that failure takes place along with raster deposition direction for unidirectional and zigzag failure can be observed for bidirectional raster angle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=additive%20manufacturing" title="additive manufacturing">additive manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fused%20deposition%20modeling" title=" fused deposition modeling"> fused deposition modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unidirectional" title=" unidirectional"> unidirectional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bidirectional" title=" bidirectional"> bidirectional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=raster%20angle" title=" raster angle"> raster angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20strength" title=" tensile strength"> tensile strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86885/tensile-properties-of-3d-printed-pla-under-unidirectional-and-bidirectional-raster-angle-a-comparative-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86885.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1414</span> Extracting the Failure Criterion to Evaluate the Strength of Cracked Drills under Torque Caused by Drilling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Falsafi">A. Falsafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Dadkhah"> M. Dadkhah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Shahidi"> S. Shahidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The destruction and defeat of drill pipes and drill rigs in oil wells often combined with a combination of shear modulus II and III. In such a situation, the strength and load bearing capacity of the drill are evaluated based on the principles of fracture mechanics and crack growth criteria. In this paper, using the three-dimensional stress equations around the Turkish frontier, the relations of the tense-tense criterion (MTS) are extracted for the loading of the combined II and III modulus. It is shown that in crisp deflection under loading of combination II and III, the level of fracture is characterized by two different angles: the longitudinal angle of deflection θ and the angle of the deflection of the alpha. Based on the relationships obtained from the MTS criterion, the failure criteria, the longitudinal angle of the theta failure and the lateral angle of the failure of the alpha are presented. Also, the role of Poisson's coefficient on these parameters is investigated in these graphs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=most%20tangential%20tension%20criterion" title="most tangential tension criterion">most tangential tension criterion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=longitudinal%20angle%20of%20failure" title=" longitudinal angle of failure"> longitudinal angle of failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=side%20angle%20of%20fracture" title=" side angle of fracture"> side angle of fracture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drills%20crack" title=" drills crack"> drills crack</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101747/extracting-the-failure-criterion-to-evaluate-the-strength-of-cracked-drills-under-torque-caused-by-drilling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101747.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1413</span> Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of an RC Airplane Wing Using a NACA 2412 Profile at Different Angle of Attacks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huseyin%20Gokberk">Huseyin Gokberk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shian%20Gao"> Shian Gao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> CFD analysis of the relationship between the coefficients of lift and drag with respect to the angle of attack on a NACA 2412 wing section of an RC plane is conducted. Both the 2D and 3D models are investigated with the turbulence model. The 2D analysis has a free stream velocity of 10m/s at different AoA of 0°, 2°, 5°, 10°, 12°, and 15°. The induced drag and drag coefficient increased throughout the changes in angles even after the critical angle had been exceeded, whereas the lift force and coefficient of lift increased but had a limit at the critical stall angle, which results in values to reduce sharply. Turbulence flow characteristics are analysed around the aerofoil with the additions caused due to a finite 3D model. 3D results highlight how wing tip vortexes develop and alter the flow around the wing with the effects of the tapered configuration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title="CFD">CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulence%20modelling" title=" turbulence modelling"> turbulence modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerofoil" title=" aerofoil"> aerofoil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=angle%20of%20attack" title=" angle of attack"> angle of attack</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104536/computational-fluid-dynamics-analysis-of-an-rc-airplane-wing-using-a-naca-2412-profile-at-different-angle-of-attacks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104536.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">225</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1412</span> Required SNR for PPM in Downlink Gamma-Gamma Turbulence Channel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selami%20%C5%9Eahin">Selami Şahin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, in order to achieve sufficient bit error rate (BER) according to zenith angle of the satellite to ground station, SNR requirement is investigated utilizing pulse position modulation (PPM). To realize explicit results, all parameters such as link distance, Rytov variance, scintillation index, wavelength, aperture diameter of the receiver, Fried's parameter and zenith angle have been taken into account. Results indicate that after some parameters are determined since the constraints of the system, to achieve desired BER, required SNR values are in wide range while zenith angle changes from small to large values. Therefore, in order not to utilize high link margin, either SNR should adjust according to zenith angle or link should establish with predetermined intervals of the zenith angle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Free-space%20optical%20communication" title="Free-space optical communication">Free-space optical communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20downlink%20channel" title=" optical downlink channel"> optical downlink channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atmospheric%20turbulence" title=" atmospheric turbulence"> atmospheric turbulence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20optical%20communication" title=" wireless optical communication"> wireless optical communication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31718/required-snr-for-ppm-in-downlink-gamma-gamma-turbulence-channel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31718.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">401</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1411</span> Determination of Optimum Fin Wave Angle and Its Effect on the Performance of an Intercooler</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdi%20Hamzehei">Mahdi Hamzehei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyyed%20Amin%20Hakim"> Seyyed Amin Hakim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nahid%20Taherian"> Nahid Taherian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fins play an important role in increasing the efficiency of compact shell and tube heat exchangers by increasing heat transfer. The objective of this paper is to determine the optimum fin wave angle, as one of the geometric parameters affecting the efficiency of the heat exchangers. To this end, finite volume method is used to model and simulate the flow in heat exchanger. In this study, computational fluid dynamics simulations of wave channel are done. The results show that the wave angle affects the temperature output of the heat exchanger. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fin%20wave%20angle" title="fin wave angle">fin wave angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tube" title=" tube"> tube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intercooler" title=" intercooler"> intercooler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimum" title=" optimum"> optimum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41621/determination-of-optimum-fin-wave-angle-and-its-effect-on-the-performance-of-an-intercooler" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41621.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1410</span> Effect of Rolling Parameters on Thin Strip Profile in Cold Rolling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20B.%20Tibar">H. B. Tibar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Y.%20Jiang"> Z. Y. Jiang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the influence of rolling process parameters such as the work roll cross angle and work roll shifting value on the strip shape and profile of aluminum have been investigated under dry conditions at a speed ratio of 1.3 using Hille 100 experimental mill. The strip profile was found to improve significantly with increase in work roll cross angle from 0<sup>o</sup> to 1<sup>o</sup>, with an associated decrease in rolling force. The effect of roll shifting (from 0 to 8mm) was not as significant as the roll cross angle. However, an increase in work roll shifting value achieved a similar decrease in rolling force as that of work roll cross angle. The effect of work roll shifting was also found to be maximum at an optimum roll speed of 0.0986 m/s for the desired thickness. Of all these parameters, the most significant effect of the strip shape profile was observed with variation of work roll cross angle. However, the rolling force can be a significantly reduced by either increasing the the work roll cross angle or work roll shifting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rolling%20speed%20ratio" title="rolling speed ratio">rolling speed ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strip%20shape" title=" strip shape"> strip shape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=work%20roll%20cross%20angle" title=" work roll cross angle"> work roll cross angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=work%20roll%20shifting" title=" work roll shifting"> work roll shifting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36497/effect-of-rolling-parameters-on-thin-strip-profile-in-cold-rolling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36497.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">410</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1409</span> 128-Multidetector CT for Assessment of Optimal Depth of Electrode Array Insertion in Cochlear Implant Operations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amina%20Sultan">Amina Sultan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Ghonim"> Mohamed Ghonim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eman%20Oweida"> Eman Oweida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aya%20%20Abdelaziz"> Aya Abdelaziz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: To assess the diagnostic reliability of multi-detector CT in pre and post-operative evaluation of cochlear implant candidates. Material and Methods: The study includes 40 patients (18 males and 22 females); mean age 5.6 years. They were classified into two groups: Group A (20 patients): cochlear implant device was Nucleus-22 and Group B (20 patients): the device was MED-EL. Cochlear length (CL) and cochlear height (CH) were measured pre-operatively by 128-multidetector CT. Electrode length (EL) and insertion depth angle (α) were measured post-operatively by MDCT. Results: For Group A mean CL was 9.1 mm ± 0.4 SD; mean CH was 4.1 ± 0.3 SD; mean EL was 18 ± 2.7 SD; mean α angle was 299.05 ± 37 SD. Significant statistical correlation (P < 0.05) was found between preoperative CL and post-operative EL (r²=0.6); as well as EL and α angle (r²=0.7). Group B's mean CL was 9.1 mm ± 0.3 SD; mean CH was 4.1 ± 0.4 SD; mean EL was 27 ± 2.1 SD; mean α angle was 287.6 ± 41.7 SD. Significant statistical correlation was found between CL and EL (r²= 0.6) and α angle (r²=0.5). Also, a strong correlation was found between EL and α angle (r²=0.8). Significant statistical difference was detected between the two devices as regards to the electrode length. Conclusion: Multidetector CT is a reliable tool for preoperative planning and post-operative evaluation of the outcomes of cochlear implant operations. Cochlear length is a valuable prognostic parameter for prediction of the depth of electrode array insertion which can influence criteria of device selection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=angle%20of%20insertion%20%28%CE%B1%20angle%29" title="angle of insertion (α angle)">angle of insertion (α angle)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cochlear%20implant%20%28CI%29" title=" cochlear implant (CI)"> cochlear implant (CI)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cochlear%20length%20%28CL%29" title=" cochlear length (CL)"> cochlear length (CL)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Multidetector%20Computed%20Tomography%20%28MDCT%29" title=" Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT)"> Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78950/128-multidetector-ct-for-assessment-of-optimal-depth-of-electrode-array-insertion-in-cochlear-implant-operations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78950.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1408</span> Modelling the Effect of Head and Bucket Splitter Angle on the Power Output of a Pelton Turbine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20A.%20Ujam">J. A. Ujam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20L.%20Chukwuneke"> J. L. Chukwuneke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20H.%20Achebe"> C. H. Achebe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20O.%20R.%20Ikwu"> G. O. R. Ikwu </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work investigates the effect of head and bucket splitter angle on the power output of a pelton turbine (water turbine), so as to boost the efficiency of Hydro-electric power generation systems. A simulation program was developed using MatLab to depict the force generated by the bucket as the water jet strikes the existing splitter angle (100 to 150) and predicted (10 to 250) splitter angles. Result shows that in addition to the existing splitter angle, six more angles have been investigated for the two operating conditions to give maximum power. The angles are 250, 60 and 190 for high head and low flow with increased pressure while low head and high flow with decreased pressure are 230, 210 and 30 in order of the maximum generating power. The Turbine power output for simulation was more than that of the experiment. This was as a result of their head conditions and the bucket splitter angle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bucket%20splitter%20angle" title="bucket splitter angle">bucket splitter angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=force" title=" force"> force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=head" title=" head"> head</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modelling" title=" modelling"> modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pelton%20turbine" title=" pelton turbine"> pelton turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20output" title=" power output"> power output</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shaft%20output" title=" shaft output"> shaft output</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21923/modelling-the-effect-of-head-and-bucket-splitter-angle-on-the-power-output-of-a-pelton-turbine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21923.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">355</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1407</span> Comparison Between Two Techniques (Extended Source to Surface Distance & Field Alignment) Of Craniospinal Irradiation (CSI) In the Eclipse Treatment Planning System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naima%20Jannat">Naima Jannat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ariful%20Islam"> Ariful Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharafat%20Hossain"> Sharafat Hossain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the involvement of the large target volume, Craniospinal Irradiation makes it challenging to achieve a uniform dose, and it requires different isocenters. This isocentric junction needs to shift after every five fractions to overcome the possibility of hot and cold spots. This study aims to evaluate the Planning Target Volume coverage & sparing Organ at Risk between two techniques and shows that the Field Alignment Technique does not need replanning and resetting. Planning method for Craniospinal Irradiation by Eclipse treatment planning system Field Alignment and Extended Source to Surface Distance technique was developed where 36 Gy in 20 Fraction at the rate of 1.8 Gy was prescribed. The patient was immobilized in the prone position. In the Field Alignment technique, the plan consists of half beam blocked parallel opposed cranium and a single posterior cervicospine field was developed by sharing the same isocenter, which obviates divergence matching. Further, a single field was created to treat the remaining lumbosacral spine. Matching between the inferior diverging edge of the cervicospine field and the superior diverging edge of a lumbosacral field, the field alignment option was used, which automatically matches the field edge divergence as per the field alignment rule in Eclipse Treatment Planning System where the couch was set to 2700. In the Extended Source to Surface Distance technique, two parallel opposed fields were created for the cranium, and a single posterior cervicospine field was created where the Source to Surface Distance was from 120-140 cm. Dose Volume Histograms were obtained for each organ contoured and for each technique used. In all, the patient’s maximum dose to Planning Target Volume is higher for the Extended Source to Surface Distance technique to Field Alignment technique. The dose to all surrounding structures was increased with the use of a single Extended Source to Surface Distance when compared to the Field Alignment technique. The average mean dose to Eye, Brain Steam, Kidney, Oesophagus, Heart, Liver, Lung, and Ovaries were respectively (58% & 60 %), (103% & 98%), (13% & 15%), (10% & 63%), (12% & 16%), (33% & 30%), (14% & 18%), (69% & 61%) for Field Alignment and Extended Source to Surface Distance technique. However, the clinical target volume at the spine junction site received a less homogeneous dose with the Field Alignment technique as compared to Extended Source to Surface Distance. We conclude that, although the use of a single field Extended Source to Surface Distance delivered a more homogenous, but its maximum dose is higher than the Field Alignment technique. Also, a huge advantage of the Field Alignment technique for Craniospinal Irradiation is that it doesn’t need replanning and resetting up of patients after every five fractions and 95% prescribed dose was received by more than 95% of the Planning Target Volume in all the plane with the acceptable hot spot. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=craniospinalirradiation" title="craniospinalirradiation">craniospinalirradiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cranium" title=" cranium"> cranium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cervicospine" title=" cervicospine"> cervicospine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilize" title=" immobilize"> immobilize</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lumbosacral%20spine" title=" lumbosacral spine"> lumbosacral spine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165543/comparison-between-two-techniques-extended-source-to-surface-distance-field-alignment-of-craniospinal-irradiation-csi-in-the-eclipse-treatment-planning-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165543.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">116</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1406</span> The Effect of the Hexagonal Ring Interior Angle on Energy Absorption Capability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shada%20Bennbaia">Shada Bennbaia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elsadig%20Mahdi"> Elsadig Mahdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the effect of changing the interior angle of a hexagonal passive energy absorber is investigated. Aluminum hexagonal structures have been tested under in-plane quasi-static compression tests. These hexagonal structures are designed to have varying interior angle values to study their crushing behavior and the relationship between the angle and the energy absorption capability. It was found that the structures with angles 40° and 45° showed an almost perfectly stable crushing mechanism with low initial peak force. Thus, hexagonal structures with these angels can be used in the vehicle's crumple zones to absorb energy during collisions. The larger angles required high initial peak force to start crushing, which indicates that these structures are best suited in applications where high load carrying capacity is needed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20absorption" title="energy absorption">energy absorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crushing%20force%20efficiency" title=" crushing force efficiency"> crushing force efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crushing%20mechanism" title=" crushing mechanism"> crushing mechanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hexagonal%20angle" title=" hexagonal angle"> hexagonal angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peak%20force" title=" peak force"> peak force</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137856/the-effect-of-the-hexagonal-ring-interior-angle-on-energy-absorption-capability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1405</span> Effect of Injector Installation Angle on the Thermal Behaviors of UWS in a Diesel SCR Catalytic Muffler Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Man%20Young%20Kim">Man Young Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To reduce the NOx emission in a Diesel vehicle, such various after treatment systems as SCR, LNC, and LNT are frequently visited as promising systems. Among others, urea-based SCR systems are known to be stable, effective technologies that can reduce NOx emissions most efficiently from diesel exhaust systems. In this study, therefore, effect of urea injector installation angle on the evaporation and mixing characteristics is investigated to find optimum operation conditions. It can be found that the injection angle significantly affects the thermal behavior of the urea-water solution in the diesel exhaust gases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selective%20catalytic%20reduction%20%28SCR%29" title="selective catalytic reduction (SCR)">selective catalytic reduction (SCR)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaporation" title=" evaporation"> evaporation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermolysis" title=" thermolysis"> thermolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urea-water%20solution%20%28UWS%29" title=" urea-water solution (UWS)"> urea-water solution (UWS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injector%20installation%20angle" title=" injector installation angle"> injector installation angle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51360/effect-of-injector-installation-angle-on-the-thermal-behaviors-of-uws-in-a-diesel-scr-catalytic-muffler-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51360.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1404</span> Effect of Inclination Angle on Productivity of a Direct Contact Membrane Distillation (Dcmd) Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adnan%20Alhathal%20Alanezi">Adnan Alhathal Alanezi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alanood%20A.%20Alsarayreh"> Alanood A. Alsarayreh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) system was modeled using various angles for the membrane unit and a Reynolds number range of 500 to 2000 in this numerical analysis. The Navier-Stokes, energy, and species transport equations were used to create a two-dimensional model. The finite volume method was used to solve the governing equations (FVM). The results showed that as the Reynolds number grows up to 1500, the heat transfer coefficient increases for all membrane angles except the 60ᵒ inclination angle. Additionally, increasing the membrane angle to 90ᵒreduces the exit influence while increasing heat transfer. According to these data, a membrane with a 90o inclination angle (also known as a vertical membrane) and a Reynolds number of 2000 might have the smallest temperature differential. Similarly, decreasing the inclination angle of the membrane keeps the temperature difference constant between Reynolds numbers 1000 and 2000; however, between Reynolds numbers 500 and 1000, the temperature difference decreases dramatically. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direct%20contact%20membrane%20distillation" title="direct contact membrane distillation">direct contact membrane distillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20inclination%20angle" title=" membrane inclination angle"> membrane inclination angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20and%20mass%20%20transfer" title=" heat and mass transfer"> heat and mass transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reynolds%20number" title=" reynolds number"> reynolds number</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151283/effect-of-inclination-angle-on-productivity-of-a-direct-contact-membrane-distillation-dcmd-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151283.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">120</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1403</span> Unconfined Laminar Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer around a Square Cylinder with an Angle of Incidence </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafik%20Bouakkaz">Rafik Bouakkaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A finite-volume method simulation is used to investigate two dimensional unsteady flow of nanofluids and heat transfer characteristics past a square cylinder inclined with respect to the main flow in the laminar regime. The computations are carried out of nanoparticle volume fractions varying from 0 ≤ ∅ ≤ 5% for an inclination angle in the range 0° ≤ δ ≤ 45° at a Reynolds number of 100. The variation of stream line and isotherm patterns are presented for the above range of conditions. Also, it is noticed that the addition of nanoparticles enhances the heat transfer. Hence, the local Nusselt number is found to increase with increasing value of the concentration of nanoparticles for the fixed value of the inclination angle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper%20nanoparticles" title="copper nanoparticles">copper nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square%20cylinder" title=" square cylinder"> square cylinder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclination%20angle" title=" inclination angle"> inclination angle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101220/unconfined-laminar-nanofluid-flow-and-heat-transfer-around-a-square-cylinder-with-an-angle-of-incidence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101220.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1402</span> Variations in the 7th Lumbar (L7) Vertebra Length Associated with Sacrocaudal Fusion in Greyhounds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sa%60ad%20M.%20Ismail">Sa`ad M. Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hung-Hsun%20Yen"> Hung-Hsun Yen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christina%20M.%20Murray"> Christina M. Murray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helen%20M.%20S.%20Davies"> Helen M. S. Davies</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The lumbosacral junction (where the 7th lumbar vertebra (L7) articulates with the sacrum) is a clinically important area in the dog. The 7th lumbar vertebra (L7) is normally shorter than other lumbar vertebrae, and it has been reported that variations in the L7 length may be associated with other abnormal anatomical findings. These variations included the reduction or absence of the portion of the median sacral crest. In this study, 53 greyhound cadavers were placed in right lateral recumbency, and two lateral radiographs were taken of the lumbosacral region for each greyhound. The length of the 6th lumbar (L6) vertebra and L7 were measured using radiographic measurement software and was defined to be the mean of three lines drawn from the caudal to the cranial edge of the L6 and L7 vertebrae (a dorsal, middle, and ventral line) between specific landmarks. Sacrocaudal fusion was found in 41.5% of the greyhounds. The mean values of the length of L6, L7, and the ratio of the L6/L7 length of the greyhounds with sacrocaudal fusion were all greater than those with standard sacrums (three sacral vertebrae). There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the mean values of the length of L7 between the greyhounds without sacrocaudal fusion (mean = 29.64, SD ± 2.07) and those with sacrocaudal fusion (mean = 30.86, SD ± 1.80), but, there was no significant difference in the mean value of the length of the L6 measurement. Among different types of sacrocaudal fusion, the longest L7 was found in greyhounds with sacrum type D, intermediate length in those with sacrum type B, and the shortest was found in those with sacrums type C, and the mean values of the ratio of the L6/L7 were 1.11 (SD ± 0.043), 1.15, (SD ± 0.025), and 1.15 (SD ± 0.011) for the types B, C, and D respectively. No significant differences in the mean values of the length of L6 or L7 were found among the different types of sacrocaudal fusion. The occurrence of sacrocaudal fusion might affect direct anatomically connected structures such as the L7. The variation in the length of L7 between greyhounds with sacrocaudal fusion and those without may reflect the possible sequences of the process of fusion. Variations in the length of the L7 vertebra in greyhounds may be associated with the occurrence of sacrocaudal fusion. The variation in the vertebral length may affect the alignment and biomechanical properties of the sacrum and may alter the loading. We concluded that any variations in the sacrum anatomical features might change the function of the sacrum or the surrounding anatomical structures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomechanics" title="biomechanics">biomechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Greyhound" title=" Greyhound"> Greyhound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sacrocaudal%20fusion" title=" sacrocaudal fusion"> sacrocaudal fusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=locomotion" title=" locomotion"> locomotion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=6th%20Lumbar%20%28L6%29%20Vertebra" title=" 6th Lumbar (L6) Vertebra"> 6th Lumbar (L6) Vertebra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=7th%20Lumbar%20%28L7%29%20Vertebra" title=" 7th Lumbar (L7) Vertebra"> 7th Lumbar (L7) Vertebra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ratio%20of%20the%20L6%2FL7%20length" title=" ratio of the L6/L7 length"> ratio of the L6/L7 length</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74939/variations-in-the-7th-lumbar-l7-vertebra-length-associated-with-sacrocaudal-fusion-in-greyhounds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74939.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lumbosacral%20angle&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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