CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="rm" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Stadi – Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )rmwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","schaner","favrer","mars","avrigl","matg","zercladur","fanadur","avust","Settember","october","november","december"],"wgRequestId":"4577ab21-7bda-4544-8dba-917bfeaa9914","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Stadi","wgTitle":"Stadi","wgCurRevisionId":166440,"wgRevisionId":166440,"wgArticleId":2253,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Seiten, die magische ISBN-Links verwenden","Politica","Artitgels recumandads (Politica)"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"rm","wgPageContentLanguage":"rm","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Stadi","wgRelevantArticleId":2253,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"rm","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"rm"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q7275","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=rm&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=rm&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=rm&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.21"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/World%2C_administrative_divisions_-_de_-_colored_%28all_countries%29.svg/1200px-World%2C_administrative_divisions_-_de_-_colored_%28all_countries%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="734"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/World%2C_administrative_divisions_-_de_-_colored_%28all_countries%29.svg/800px-World%2C_administrative_divisions_-_de_-_colored_%28all_countries%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="489"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/World%2C_administrative_divisions_-_de_-_colored_%28all_countries%29.svg/640px-World%2C_administrative_divisions_-_de_-_colored_%28all_countries%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="391"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Stadi – Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//rm.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadi"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Modifitgar" href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (rm)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//rm.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadi"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.rm"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Atom Feed da Wikipedia" href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Letzte_%C3%84nderungen&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Stadi rootpage-Stadi skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Zum Inhalt springen</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Website"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Hauptmenü" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hauptmenü" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hauptmenü</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hauptmenü</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">In die Seitenleiste verschieben</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">Verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigaziun </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pagina_principala" title="Visitar la pagina principala [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Pagina principala</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:La_pinta" title="Infurmaziuns davart il project, tge che ti pos far, nua che ti chassas infurmaziuns"><span>Discutar en la pinta</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Zuf%C3%A4llige_Seite" title="Chargiar ina pagina casuala. [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Artitgel casual</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Spezialseiten"><span>Paginas spezialas</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-participation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-participation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sa participar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Agid:Cuntegn" title="Qua chattas agid."><span>Agid</span></a></li><li id="n-Prims-pass" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Agid:Prims_pass"><span>Prims pass</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Letzte_%C3%84nderungen" title="La glista da las ultimas midadas en la wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Ultimas midadas</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pagina_principala" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-rm.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.25em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-rm.svg" width="120" height="15" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.9375em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Spezial:Suche" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Intercurir Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Tschertgar</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Tschertgar Wikipedia" aria-label="Tschertgar Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Intercurir Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spezial:Suche"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Tschertgar</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Utensils persunals"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Erscheinungsbild"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Änderung des Aussehens der Schriftgröße, -breite und -farbe der Seite" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Erscheinungsbild" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Erscheinungsbild</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=rm.wikipedia.org&uselang=rm" class=""><span>Donaziuns</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Benutzerkonto_anlegen&returnto=Stadi" title="Wir ermutigen dich dazu, ein Benutzerkonto zu erstellen und dich anzumelden. Es ist jedoch nicht zwingend erforderlich." class=""><span>Crear in conto d'utilisader</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Anmelden&returnto=Stadi" title="I fiss bun sche ti s'annunziassas, ti na stos dentant betg. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>T'annunziar</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Weitere Optionen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utensils persunals" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utensils persunals</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Benutzermenü" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=rm.wikipedia.org&uselang=rm"><span>Donaziuns</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Benutzerkonto_anlegen&returnto=Stadi" title="Wir ermutigen dich dazu, ein Benutzerkonto zu erstellen und dich anzumelden. Es ist jedoch nicht zwingend erforderlich."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crear in conto d'utilisader</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Anmelden&returnto=Stadi" title="I fiss bun sche ti s'annunziassas, ti na stos dentant betg. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>T'annunziar</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Seiten für abgemeldete Benutzer <a href="/wiki/Agid:Einf%C3%BChrung" aria-label="Erfahre mehr über das Bearbeiten"><span>Weitere Informationen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Meine_Beitr%C3%A4ge" title="Eine Liste der Bearbeitungen, die von dieser IP-Adresse gemacht wurden [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribuziuns</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Meine_Diskussionsseite" title="Discussiun davart modificaziuns che derivan da questa adressa dad IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pagina da discussiun da questa IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Website"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhaltsverzeichnis" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhaltsverzeichnis</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">In die Seitenleiste verschieben</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Anfang</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Ambiguitad_da_la_noziun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ambiguitad_da_la_noziun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ambiguitad da la noziun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ambiguitad_da_la_noziun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stadi_e_societad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stadi_e_societad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Stadi e societad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stadi_e_societad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Istorgia_da_la_noziun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istorgia_da_la_noziun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Istorgia da la noziun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istorgia_da_la_noziun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Origin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Furmas_da_stadi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Furmas_da_stadi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Furmas da stadi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Furmas_da_stadi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sociologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sociologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sociologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sociologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dretg_internaziunal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dretg_internaziunal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Dretg internaziunal</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dretg_internaziunal-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Dretg internaziunal umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Dretg_internaziunal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Caracteristicas_da_stadis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caracteristicas_da_stadis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Caracteristicas da stadis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caracteristicas_da_stadis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Renconuschientscha_da_stadis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renconuschientscha_da_stadis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Renconuschientscha da stadis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Renconuschientscha_da_stadis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Successiun_dals_stadis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Successiun_dals_stadis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Successiun dals stadis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Successiun_dals_stadis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Critica_da_la_funcziun_dal_stadi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critica_da_la_funcziun_dal_stadi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Critica da la funcziun dal stadi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Critica_da_la_funcziun_dal_stadi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Critica da la funcziun dal stadi umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Critica_da_la_funcziun_dal_stadi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anarchissem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anarchissem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Anarchissem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anarchissem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marxissem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marxissem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Marxissem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marxissem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Annotaziuns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annotaziuns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Annotaziuns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Annotaziuns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Litteratura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colliaziuns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colliaziuns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Colliaziuns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colliaziuns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhaltsverzeichnis" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Inhaltsverzeichnis" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhaltsverzeichnis umschalten" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhaltsverzeichnis umschalten</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Stadi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Zu einem Artikel in einer anderen Sprache gehen. Verfügbar in 181 Sprachen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-181" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">181 Sprachen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staat" title="Staat – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Staat" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staat" title="Staat – tudestg svizzer" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Staat" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tudestg svizzer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%8C%88%E1%88%AD_%E1%8C%8D%E1%8B%9B%E1%89%B5" title="አገር ግዛት – amaric" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አገር ግዛት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estau" title="Estau – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Estau" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9" title="دولة – arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دولة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%90" title="ܐܬܪܐ – arameic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܬܪܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9" title="دولة – Marokkanisches Arabisch" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="دولة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Marokkanisches Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87" title="دوله – Ägyptisches Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دوله" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Ägyptisches Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%A1u" title="Estáu – asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Estáu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%8A" title="Пачалихъ – avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Пачалихъ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B6vl%C9%99t" title="Dövlət – aserbeidschanic" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dövlət" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbeidschanic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A4%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA" title="دؤولت – Südaserbaidschanisch" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دؤولت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="Südaserbaidschanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D3%99%D2%AF%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%82" title="Дәүләт – baschkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Дәүләт" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoot" title="Stoot – Bairisch" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Stoot" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bairisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valst%C4%ABb%C4%97" title="Valstībė – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Valstībė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Дзяржава – bieloruss" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дзяржава" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bieloruss" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Дзяржава – Weißrussisch (Taraschkewiza)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дзяржава" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Weißrussisch (Taraschkewiza)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negeri" title="Negeri – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Negeri" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Държава – bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Държава" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagara" title="Nagara – Banjaresisch" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Nagara" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjaresisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="রাষ্ট্র – bengal" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রাষ্ট্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stad" title="Stad – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Stad" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C5%BEava" title="Država – bosniac" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Država" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Улас – Russisches Burjatisch" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Улас" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russisches Burjatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estat_(pol%C3%ADtica)" title="Estat (política) – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estat (política)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%85" title="Пачхьалкх – tschetschen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Пачхьалкх" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tschetschen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado" title="Estado – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Estado" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%8D%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%9A%E1%8E%A9" title="ᏍᎦᏚᎩ – cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏍᎦᏚᎩ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%88%DA%B5%DB%95%D8%AA" title="دەوڵەت – curd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەوڵەت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statu" title="Statu – cors" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Statu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="cors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A1t" title="Stát – tschec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Stát" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tschec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%84stw%C3%B2" title="Państwò – kaschubic" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Państwò" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kaschubic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85" title="Патшалăх – tschuvasch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Патшалăх" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tschuvasch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwladwriaeth" title="Gwladwriaeth – kimric" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwladwriaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kimric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stat" title="Stat – danais" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Stat" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staat" title="Staat – tudestg" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Staat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tudestg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewlete" title="Dewlete – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Dewlete" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stat" title="Stat – bass sorb" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Stat" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="bass sorb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Κράτος – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κράτος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity) – englais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="State (polity)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="englais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Ctato" title="Ŝtato – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝtato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado" title="Estado – spagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riik" title="Riik – eston" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Riik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="eston" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estatu" title="Estatu – basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Estatu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estau" title="Estau – Extremadurisch" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Estau" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremadurisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA" title="دولت – persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دولت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valtio" title="Valtio – finlandais" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Valtio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riik" title="Riik – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Riik" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tat" title="État – franzos" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="État" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franzos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoot" title="Stoot – fris dal nord" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Stoot" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="fris dal nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A2t" title="Stât – friulan" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Stât" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steat" title="Steat – fris" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Steat" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="fris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A1t_(polait%C3%AD)" title="Stát (polaití) – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Stát (polaití)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9ta" title="Léta – Französisch-Guayana Kreolisch" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Léta" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Französisch-Guayana Kreolisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado" title="Estado – galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Estado" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tet%C3%A3" title="Tetã – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tetã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negara" title="Negara – gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Negara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaha" title="Jaha – haussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Jaha" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haussa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moku%CA%BB%C4%81ina" title="Mokuʻāina – hawaian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Mokuʻāina" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94" title="מדינה – ebraic" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מדינה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="राज्य – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="राज्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/State" title="State – Fidschi-Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="State" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fidschi-Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C5%BEava" title="Država – croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Država" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stat" title="Stat – aut sorb" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Stat" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="aut sorb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eta" title="Eta – creol haitian" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Eta" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="creol haitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81llam" title="Állam – ungarais" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Állam" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Պետություն – armen" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պետություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stato" title="Stato – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Stato" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negara_(pemerintahan)" title="Negara (pemerintahan) – indonais" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Negara (pemerintahan)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado" title="Estado – ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Estado" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B5" title="Паччахьалкхе – ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Паччахьалкхе" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stato" title="Stato – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Stato" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADki" title="Ríki – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ríki" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stato" title="Stato – talian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stato" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="国家 – giapunais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="国家" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapunais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagara" title="Nagara – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Nagara" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AC%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D" title="სახელმწიფო – georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სახელმწიფო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1mleket" title="Mámleket – karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Mámleket" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awanak" title="Awanak – kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Awanak" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Къэрал – kabardic" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Къэрал" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kewiya%C9%A3_%C9%9Bja%C9%96%C9%9B" title="Kewiyaɣ ɛjaɖɛ – Kabiyé" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kewiyaɣ ɛjaɖɛ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiyé" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Мемлекет – casac" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мемлекет" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="casac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B" title="រដ្ឋ – cambodschan" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="រដ្ឋ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="cambodschan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80" title="국가 – corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="국가" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Канму – Komi-Permjakisch" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Канму" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permjakisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Кърал – karachay-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Кърал" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karachay-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%90%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8E%D8%AA%DA%BE" title="رِیاسَتھ – kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="رِیاسَتھ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewlet" title="Dewlet – curd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Dewlet" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Канму – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Канму" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stat" title="Stat – cornic" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Stat" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Мамлекет – kirghis" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мамлекет" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civitas" title="Civitas – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Civitas" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staat" title="Staat – luxemburgais" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Staat" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staot" title="Staot – limburgais" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Staot" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stato" title="Stato – Ligurisch" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Stato" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stat" title="Stat – Ladinisch" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Stat" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladinisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stat" title="Stat – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Stat" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let%C3%A1" title="Letá – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Letá" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94" title="ລັດ – laot" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ລັດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laot" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valstyb%C4%97" title="Valstybė – lituan" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Valstybė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valsts" title="Valsts – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Valsts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negara" title="Negara – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Negara" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Кирдемасторсь – moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Кирдемасторсь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanjakana" title="Fanjakana – malagassi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fanjakana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Кугыжаныш – Ostmari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Кугыжаныш" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Ostmari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Држава – macedon" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Држава" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="രാഷ്ട്രം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="രാഷ്ട്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Улс – mongolic" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Улс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="राज्य – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="राज्य" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negara_(politik)" title="Negara (politik) – malaic" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Negara (politik)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stado" title="Stado – mirandais" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Stado" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Кирдимастор – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Кирдимастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stato" title="Stato – neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Stato" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staat" title="Staat – bass tudestg" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Staat" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bass tudestg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staot" title="Staot – Niedersächsisch" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Staot" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Niedersächsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="राज्य – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="राज्य" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staat_(politiek)" title="Staat (politiek) – ollandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Staat (politiek)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ollandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stat" title="Stat – norvegiais nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Stat" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiais nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stat" title="Stat – norvegais bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Stat" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegais bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tat" title="État – Normannisch" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="État" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Normannisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estat" title="Estat – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Estat" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Паддзахад – ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Паддзахад" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C_(%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A7)" title="ਰਾਜ (ਰਾਜ ਪ੍ਰਬੰਧ) – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਾਜ (ਰਾਜ ਪ੍ਰਬੰਧ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_(politica)" title="Estado (politica) – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Estado (politica)" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staat" title="Staat – Pfälzisch" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Staat" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Pfälzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%84stwo" title="Państwo – polac" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Państwo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stat" title="Stat – Piemontesisch" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Stat" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piemontesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="ریاست – Westliches Panjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ریاست" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Westliches Panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Κράτος – Pontisch" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Κράτος" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA" title="دولت – paschto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="دولت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paschto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado" title="Estado – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estado" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mama_llaqta" title="Mama llaqta – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Mama llaqta" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stato" title="Stato – Vlax-Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Stato" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax-Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stat" title="Stat – rumen" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Stat" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statu" title="Statu – aromunic" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Statu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromunic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Государство – russ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Государство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Штат – Russinisch" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Штат" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Russinisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB" title="Ил – jakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ил" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istadu" title="Istadu – sard" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Istadu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statu" title="Statu – sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Statu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="رياست – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="رياست" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C5%BEava" title="Država – serbo-croat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Država" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%BA_(%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BA)" title="රාජ්‍යය (ආණ්ඩුක්‍රමය) – singalais" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රාජ්‍යය (ආණ්ඩුක්‍රමය)" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/State" title="State – einfaches Englisch" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="State" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="einfaches Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0t%C3%A1t" title="Štát – slovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Štát" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C5%BEava" title="Država – sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Država" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staat%C3%A2" title="Staatâ – sami inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Staatâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="sami inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dowlad" title="Dowlad – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dowlad" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shteti" title="Shteti – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shteti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Држава – serb" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Држава" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagara" title="Nagara – sundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Nagara" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stat" title="Stat – svedais" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Stat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dola" title="Dola – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Dola" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%84stwo" title="Państwo – Schlesisch (Wasserpolnisch)" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Państwo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Schlesisch (Wasserpolnisch)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="அரசு – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அரசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Давлат – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Давлат" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90" title="รัฐ – tailandais" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado" title="Estado – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Estado" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantri" title="Kantri – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Kantri" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devlet" title="Devlet – tirc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Devlet" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tirc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiko" title="Tiko – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Tiko" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D3%99%D2%AF%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%82" title="Дәүләт – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Дәүләт" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D1%80%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Күрүне – tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Күрүне" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Кун – udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Кун" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Держава – ucranais" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Держава" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucranais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="ریاست – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ریاست" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davlat" title="Davlat – usbec" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Davlat" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stato" title="Stato – Venetisch" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Stato" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valdkund" title="Valdkund – Wepsisch" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Valdkund" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Wepsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A0_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc" title="Nhà nước – vietnamais" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhà nước" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado" title="Estado – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Estado" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9ew" title="Réew – wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Réew" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%EF%BC%88%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%EF%BC%89" title="国（政治） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="国（政治）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AC%E1%83%B7%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D" title="სახენწჷფო – Mingrelisch" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სახენწჷფო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94" title="מדינה – jiddic" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מדינה" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land" title="Land – Seeländisch" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Land" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Seeländisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A1%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%BD" title="ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ – marocan tamazight standardisà" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="marocan tamazight standardisà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B_(%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AF%A6%E9%AB%94)" title="國 (政治實體) – chinais" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="國 (政治實體)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B" title="國 – Klassisches Chinesisch" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="國" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Klassisches Chinesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pang-kok" title="Pang-kok – Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pang-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B" title="國 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7275#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifitgar las colliaziuns tar autras linguas" class="wbc-editpage">Modifitgar colliaziuns</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Tip da pagina"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Stadi" title="Mussar l'artitgel [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artitgel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussiun:Stadi" rel="discussion" title="Discussiuns davart il cuntegn da l'artitgel [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussiun</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Sprachvariante ändern" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">rumantsch</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Questa pagina"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Stadi"><span>Leger</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&veaction=edit" title="Modifitgar questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifitgar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&action=edit" title="Modifitgar il code da funtauna da questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifitgar il code</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&action=history" title="Versiuns pli veglias da questa pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Seitenwerkzeuge"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utensils" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utensils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Werkzeuge</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">In die Seitenleiste verschieben</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">Verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Weitere Optionen" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Aktionen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Stadi"><span>Leger</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&veaction=edit" title="Modifitgar questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifitgar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&action=edit" title="Modifitgar il code da funtauna da questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifitgar il code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Allgemein </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Linkliste/Stadi" title="Glista da tut las paginas vichi che mussan sin questa pagina [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Colliaziuns sin questa pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:%C3%84nderungen_an_verlinkten_Seiten/Stadi" rel="nofollow" title="Ultimas midadas sin paginas colliadas cun questa pagina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modificaziuns sin paginas colliadas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&oldid=166440" title="Link permanent tar questa versiun da la pagina"><span>Colliaziun permanenta</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&action=info" title="Weitere Informationen über diese Seite"><span>Infurmaziuns da la pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Zitierhilfe&page=Stadi&id=166440&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Hinweise, wie diese Seite zitiert werden kann"><span>Citar questa pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:URL-K%C3%BCrzung&url=https%3A%2F%2Frm.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FStadi"><span>Gekürzte URL abrufen</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Frm.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FStadi"><span>QR-Code runterladen</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stampar/exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Buch&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Stadi"><span>Crear in cudesch</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Stadi&action=show-download-screen"><span>Telechargiar sco PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&printable=yes" title="Versiun per stampar da questa pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiun per stampar</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En auters projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:States" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7275" title="Link zum verbundenen Objekt im Datenrepositorium [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata object</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Seitenwerkzeuge"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Erscheinungsbild"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Erscheinungsbild</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">In die Seitenleiste verschieben</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">Verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Ord Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="rm" dir="ltr"><div style="right:30px; display:none;" class="topicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artitgels_che_mintga_Vichipedia_duai_aver" title="Artitgel dals 1000"><img alt="Artitgel dals 1000" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/AD_%2B10.svg/25px-AD_%2B10.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/AD_%2B10.svg/38px-AD_%2B10.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/AD_%2B10.svg/50px-AD_%2B10.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="10" data-file-height="10" /></a></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:World,_administrative_divisions_-_de_-_colored_(all_countries).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/World%2C_administrative_divisions_-_de_-_colored_%28all_countries%29.svg/320px-World%2C_administrative_divisions_-_de_-_colored_%28all_countries%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/World%2C_administrative_divisions_-_de_-_colored_%28all_countries%29.svg/480px-World%2C_administrative_divisions_-_de_-_colored_%28all_countries%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/World%2C_administrative_divisions_-_de_-_colored_%28all_countries%29.svg/640px-World%2C_administrative_divisions_-_de_-_colored_%28all_countries%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3188" data-file-height="1949" /></a><figcaption>Charta cun ils stadis dal mund (situaziun dal 2012)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Stadi</b> (en la lingua da mintgadi resp. en in context betg specific er pajais) è ina noziun che vegn duvrada en pliras scienzas socialas e politicas e che po avair differentas muntadas. En il senn pli vast designescha il term in urden politic, en il qual pervegna ad ina gruppa, organisaziun u instituziun specifica ina posiziun privilegiada – tenor l’avis d’intgins areguard l’execuziun da la pussanza (politica), tenor l’avis d’auters areguard ils dretgs e las pussaivladads da sa sviluppar tant dal singul sco er da la societad. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ambiguitad_da_la_noziun">Ambiguitad da la noziun</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifitgar secziun: Ambiguitad da la noziun" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&action=edit&section=1" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Ambiguitad da la noziun"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Elements centrals da la noziun sco ch’ella vegn chapida ozendi èn: </p> <ul><li>Ina gruppa da persunas pli gronda ch’è s’unida en ina moda u l’autra en in urden politic</li> <li>en in territori pli u main serrà</li> <li>che viva sut ina furma da pussanza pli u main unitara (la quala è s’etablida en il decurs dal temp, è vegnida concludida ubain sfurzada tras).</li></ul> <p>Quests trais criteris principals èn s’etablids en il dretg internaziunal modern dapi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_Jellinek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg Jellinek (n'exista betg)">Georg Jellinek</a> (1851–1911). </p><p>Ch’ins definescha il stadi a moda uschè generala è d’attribuir al fatg che la noziun ‹stadi› vegn occupada en la scienza, ma er ord vista ideologica, cun cuntegns fitg differents. Tut en tut sa laschan differenziar quatter access centrals a la noziun: </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Pyramid_of_Capitalist_System.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Pyramid_of_Capitalist_System.jpg/190px-Pyramid_of_Capitalist_System.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Pyramid_of_Capitalist_System.jpg/285px-Pyramid_of_Capitalist_System.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Pyramid_of_Capitalist_System.jpg/380px-Pyramid_of_Capitalist_System.jpg 2x" data-file-width="763" data-file-height="990" /></a><figcaption>In sguard critic sin la ‹piramida chapitalistica› (1911)</figcaption></figure> <ol><li>Ord vista giuridica resp. dal dretg internaziunal designescha il stadi «la corporaziun d’in pievel sedentar munida cun la pussanza originara» (Jellinek). Savens vegn questa teoria classica dals trais elements (territori, pievel e pussanza) cumplettada tras la necessitad che questa communitad stoppia disponer d’in urden giuridic fixà en furma constituziunala.</li> <li>Tenor la definiziun sociologica da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Weber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Max Weber (n'exista betg)">Max Weber</a> è il stadi la cuminanza «ch’occupa entaifer in tschert territori (...) (cun success) il monopol da duvrar a moda legitima la forza fisica», pia «in’execuziun da pussanza d’umans sur umans» che sa basa sin legitimitad. Questa moda da considerar il stadi sco instrument per exequir la pussanza vegn interpretada differentamain: <ol><li>ord vista liberala sco instrument necessari, cumbain limità, per proteger la libertad dal singul;</li> <li>ord vista marxistica (er) sco instrument che serva (en il stadi burgais) sco surstructura als interess da la classa regenta (e che duai, suenter la revoluziun, gidar a preparar la via al socialissem);</li> <li>ord vista anarchistica sa tracti tar il stadi d’ina furma d’execuziun da la pussanza centralistica sco instrument da la classa privilegiada, regenta per sfruttar las massas (taglia, sforz da prestar lavur pajada) e supprimer mintga singul (determinaziun externa enstagl da libra autodeterminaziun en il consens).</li></ol></li> <li>Tenor ina definiziun generala da la politologia è il stadi il sistem da las instituziuns publicas che servan a reglar las fatschentas da la communitad. Il stadi sa cumpona surtut d’in’instanza politica ch’è responsabla per stgaffir e mantegnair en la societad il dretg e l’urden public e la quala dispona er da l’apparat statal – l’administraziun – da far valair quels (uschenumnà primat da la politica). Per definir il stadi sa serva er la politologia tradiziunalmain dals elements territori statal, pievel e pussanza politica. Per part èn però s’etablidas definiziuns che varieschan da quest schema.</li> <li>Tenor il puntg da vista moral-religius (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristoteles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aristoteles (n'exista betg)">Aristoteles</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rousseau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rousseau (n'exista betg)">Rousseau</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hegel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hegel (n'exista betg)">Hegel</a>) sa tracti tar il stadi da la realisaziun da las finamiras moralas dal singul e da la societad en il mund.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>Perquai che las noziuns descrittas sa differenzieschan fermamain ina da l’autra, n’ha pudì sa furmar nagina definiziun cun valaivladad generala.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stadi_e_societad">Stadi e societad</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifitgar secziun: Stadi e societad" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&action=edit&section=2" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Stadi e societad"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nua che vivan ensemen umans, vegnan lur interess savens en conflict in cun l’auter. En cuminanzas pli grondas sa sviluppa alura entaifer la structura da las differentas gruppas d’interess e da pussanza il basegn suenter in’instanza che regulescha e che sa preschenta davant las forzas particularas da la societad cun pussanza da decisiun superiura. Ina tala instanza ‹statala› n’ha betg be da garantir ina convivenza paschaivla entras chanalisar e far urden cun ils interess divergents, mabain ha er da procurar che l’egualisaziun dals basegns che s’opponan in a l’auter succedia a moda gista.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istorgia_da_la_noziun">Istorgia da la noziun</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifitgar secziun: Istorgia da la noziun" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&action=edit&section=3" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Istorgia da la noziun"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il pled ‹stadi› deriva dal latin <i>status</i> (stadi, situaziun, posiziun). Da qua è sa sviluppà dal temp da la renaschientscha la noziun taliana <i>lo stato</i>, la quala designava la furma pli u main stabila d’ina monarchia u republica. Per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niccolò Machiavelli (n'exista betg)">Niccolò Machiavelli</a> (1469–1527) cumpigliava la noziun stadi tut ils pudairs umans che pussibilitavan d’exequir pussanza sur dad auters umans. Cun il <i>status regalis</i> era manegià la posiziun, la pussanza e l’influenza dal retg u prinzi ch’era arrivà a la pussanza, pli tard er da sia curt. La translaziun franzosa <i>état</i> ha uschia sa laschà applitgar sin il tegnairchasa economic da la pussanza centrala e pli tard er sin l’unitad giuridica e politica da tut ils burgais entaifer in territori statal (da l’urden dals stans fin a la societad burgaisa). </p><p>Dapi ch’è sa sviluppà en l’<a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> or da las guerras burgaisas dal temp modern tempriv il stadi modern, consideresch’ins sco ina da las caracteristicas centralas da quel che la convivenza en ina cuminanza statala saja suttamessa ad ina pussanza da regulaziun centrala, la quala stoppia er esser abla da far valair quella, per ch’ils umans possian viver ensemen en pasch e segirezza. Uschia han surtut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Bodin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Bodin (n'exista betg)">Jean Bodin</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hobbes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Hobbes (n'exista betg)">Thomas Hobbes</a> definì il stadi.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pir vers la fin dal 18avel tschientaner ha il stadi survegnì sia muntada moderna. La pussanza persunala dal monarc, sia suveranitad absoluta, è daventada tras las scrittiras da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Locke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Locke (n'exista betg)">Locke</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Montesquieu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montesquieu (n'exista betg)">Montesquieu</a> in element constitutiv dal sistem politic. Pir cun schliar la pussanza da la persuna dal monarc èsi daventà pussaivel da considerar il stadi sco instituziun abstracta.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sia muntada odierna sco furma d’organisaziun da la cuminanza exteriura, adina pli pussanta, ha il stadi alura surtut cuntanschì en il decurs dal 19avel tschientaner. Per blers istoriografs da quel temp furmava il stadi (naziunal) in punct fix entaifer lur scrittiras: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Burckhardt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacob Burckhardt (n'exista betg)">Jacob Burckhardt</a> (1818–1897) ha considerà il stadi, sper la religiun e la cultura, sco ina da las forzas centralas che constitueschian e dirigian l’istorgia umana. </p><p>L’istorgia da la noziun ‹stadi› è pia er l’expressiun da la midada che corporaziuns politicas han fatg tras en il decurs dal temp; perquai èsi contestà, schebain ì saja inditgà da duvrar la noziun moderna cur ch’ins discurra da furmas da pussanza pli veglias. Per part vegn quai acceptà, per part èn ins percunter da l’avis che la noziun dal stadi sa laschia be applitgar sin cuminanzas politicas a partir dal temp modern, e che furmas statalas pli veglias stoppian vegnir numnadas tenor lur denominaziun oriunda (p.ex. <i>polis</i>, <i>civitas</i>, <i>res publica</i>, <i>regimen</i>, <i>regnum</i> u <i>imperium</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifitgar secziun: Origin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&action=edit&section=4" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Origin"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Elizabeth_I_in_coronation_robes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Elizabeth_I_in_coronation_robes.jpg/180px-Elizabeth_I_in_coronation_robes.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Elizabeth_I_in_coronation_robes.jpg/270px-Elizabeth_I_in_coronation_robes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Elizabeth_I_in_coronation_robes.jpg/360px-Elizabeth_I_in_coronation_robes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2863" data-file-height="3845" /></a><figcaption>Monarchia (Elizabeth I, 1533–1603)</figcaption></figure> <p>Sur dieschmillis onns han ils umans vivì ensemen en societads senza disponer d’instituziuns politicas formalas u d’in’autoritad constituida. Pir avant ca. 6000 onns, cun il svilup da la civilisaziun, han las emprimas societads cumenzà a survegnir furma cun structuras formalas. En tschertas regiuns èn sa fatgas valair da quel temp las ideas da l’ierarchia, dal cumandar e da la submissiun. Areguard il svilup preistoric d’in emprim urden politic datti differentas teorias istoricas. A l’entschatta furmavan talas societads structuradas tenor princips ierarchics l’excepziun e sa restrenschevan sin il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proxim_Orient&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proxim Orient (n'exista betg)">Proxim Orient</a> e pli tard er sin l’<a href="/w/index.php?title=Orient_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orient Central (n'exista betg)">Orient Central</a>. La gronda part dals umans vivevan vinavant en stirpas segmentadas. Plaunsieu han societads ierarchicas extendì lur grondezza ed influenza; mintgatant han ellas conquistà territoris da societads segmentaras vischinantas ed han suttamess quellas, per il pli en furma da sclavaria. Per part independentamain da quai, per part er sco reacziun sin il squitsch d’ordaifer, han autras stirpas medemamain sviluppà ierarchias en lur organisaziun sociala e politica. Fin l’expansiun europeica e colonisaziun è la gronda part dals umans en differentas parts dal mund per ordinari stada organisada a moda betg statala, en intginas regiuns fin en il 19avel tschientaner. Pir dapi l’entschatta dal 20avel tschientaner cumpiglia il model statal da l’organisaziun politica l’entir mund. </p><p>Ils emprims stadis èn sa furmads en il quart millenni a.C. Cuminanzas statalas en il senn da structuras da pussanza organisadas a fund e constituidas a basa da dretg public èn pir sa sviluppadas in pau a la giada en il decurs da l’istorgia. </p><p>Damai ch’i na dat ozendi strusch territoris che na tutgan tar nagin stadi e che lubissan ina nova fundaziun, sa furman stadis sin trais modas: </p> <ul><li>Entras secessiun (separaziun cunter la veglia dal stadi oriund) ubain relaschada (en enclegientscha) d’ina part dal stadi or da l’uniun statala d’antruras.</li> <li>Entras dismembraziun, pia declin e dissoluziun d’in stadi d’enfin qua, uschia ch’i sa furman novs stadis.</li> <li>Ubain che dus u dapli stadis d’enfin qua s’uneschan ad in nov; pli savens vegn però territori nov incorporà en in stadi existent (sco che quai è per exempel stà il cas cun l’anteriura <a href="/wiki/Istorgia_da_la_Republica_democratica_tudestga" title="Istorgia da la Republica democratica tudestga">Republica democratica tudestga</a> ch’è daventada il 1990 ina part da la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Federala_da_la_Germania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republica Federala da la Germania (n'exista betg)">Republica Federala da la Germania</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Furmas_da_stadi">Furmas da stadi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifitgar secziun: Furmas da stadi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&action=edit&section=5" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Furmas da stadi"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La politologia moderna fa la differenza tranter furmas da stadi, furmas da pussanza e sistems guvernamentals. Igl è quai ina differenziaziun ch’era anc nunusitada en l’antica. Da lez temp resguardav’ins las furmas da stadi e las furmas da pussanza sco sinonims. La classificaziun la pli enconuschenta deriva dad <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristoteles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aristoteles (n'exista betg)">Aristoteles</a>. Quel ha sutdividì las furmas da pussanza en bunas e nauschas furmas d’execuziun dal domini; sco las bunas resguarda el monarchia, aristocrazia e politeia (oz: democrazia), sco furmas degeneradas tirannia, oligarchia e democrazia (oz: oclocrazia, ‹domini da la plebaglia›). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cicero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cicero (n'exista betg)">Cicero</a> ha be laschà valair las trais furmas positivas monarchia, aristocrazia e democrazia (en il senn odiern) sco <i>res publica</i>. </p><p>Dapi il 20avel tschientaner resguard’ins entaifer la politologia las furmas da pussanza e las furmas da stadi separadamain. Ins differenziescha duas furmas da stadi fundamentalas: monarchia e republica. La furma da stadi inditgescha il stadi de jure, pia co che quel è furmà tenor la constituziun. Co ch’il stadi vegn regì, pia il stadi de facto, dependa però da la furma guvernamentala. Uschia vegnan bleras monarchias regidas a moda democratica, entant che la pussanza en ina republica na vegn betg exnum exequida tras il pievel. Per pudair caracterisar l’urden politic d’in stadi, èn pia necessarias omaduas noziuns. </p><p>La furma guvernamentala che prevala en blers stadis da tempra occidentala, è quella dal parlamentarissem e da la democrazia represchentativa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sociologia">Sociologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifitgar secziun: Sociologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&action=edit&section=6" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Sociologia"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Max_Weber_1917.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Max_Weber_1917.jpg/240px-Max_Weber_1917.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Max_Weber_1917.jpg/360px-Max_Weber_1917.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Max_Weber_1917.jpg/480px-Max_Weber_1917.jpg 2x" data-file-width="657" data-file-height="385" /></a><figcaption>Max Weber (en il center)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_T%C3%B6nnies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferdinand Tönnies (n'exista betg)">Ferdinand Tönnies</a> attribuescha en si’ovra ‹Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft› (1887) il stadi a la sfera politica da la societad. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Weber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Max Weber (n'exista betg)">Max Weber</a> suonda quest schema cun definir il stadi sco cuminanza umana, da la quala l’administraziun occupa entaifer in tschert territori cun success il monopol da la forza fisica legitima per exequir l’urden. Il stadi modern è segnà tenor Weber dals princips territorialitad, monopol da la violenza, funcziunaris spezialisads e domini birocratic. Il pli tard dapi l’epoca dal colonialissem è questa furma dal domini politic derasada en tut il mund.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sco sistem dovra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Niklas_Luhmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niklas Luhmann (n'exista betg)">Niklas Luhmann</a> la noziun ‹stadi› be en virgulettas. Luhmann definescha la noziun sco instrument semantic: Il stadi na saja nagin sistem politic, mabain l’organisaziun d’in sistem politic che servia a l’autodescripziun da quest sistem politic.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economia">Economia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifitgar secziun: Economia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&action=edit&section=7" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Economia"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En l’economia publica designesch’ins sco stadi mintga subject da l’economia ch’è munì cun pussanza suverana, per exempel ina regenza, in’administraziun e per part er in’instituziun sui generis. Il stadi vegn considerà sco summa da tut las uniuns obligatoricas. L’agir statal en il senn da l’economia publica cumpiglia oramai l’activitad da tut ils nivels politics (incl. vischnancas, regiuns, chantuns e.a.). </p><p>Sco subject ch’agescha entaifer ils ciclus economics, vegn il stadi considerà sut l’aspect da sia rolla e muntada per l’economia publica. La scienza da l’economia publica vesa il stadi sco purtader central da la politica economica. Cun agid d’ina politica dad urden, da structura e da process duaja quel garantir il funcziunament dal sistem economic. </p><p>Entaifer il quint general da l’economia publica furma il stadi in element dal cirquit economic. El intervegna cun agid da transacziuns monetaras en il svilup dals martgads: </p> <ul><li>cun producir, cumprar e vender rauba e servetschs</li> <li>cun incassar taglias, taxas e duanas</li> <li>cun prestar pajaments da transfer (p.ex. subvenziuns, prestaziuns socialas, gulivaziun da finanzas).</li></ul> <p>La politica fiscala determinescha, quants daners che vegnan incassads ed impundids per tge posiziuns; las decisiuns da quella influenzeschan tranter auter il preventiv, ils debits statals e la creschientscha economica. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dretg_internaziunal">Dretg internaziunal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifitgar secziun: Dretg internaziunal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&action=edit&section=8" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Dretg internaziunal"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caracteristicas_da_stadis">Caracteristicas da stadis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifitgar secziun: Caracteristicas da stadis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&action=edit&section=9" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Caracteristicas da stadis"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il dretg internaziunal classic enconuscha trais caracteristicas da stadis: </p> <ul><li>ina populaziun</li> <li>in territori cun clers cunfins geografics</li> <li>ina regenza stabila ch’exequescha la pussanza effectiva</li></ul> <p>In stadi vegn considerà sco betg pli existent sch’in da quests trais elements ch’al constitueschan è crudà davant. </p><p>Quests criteris valan en stadis federals er per ils stadis parzials (chantuns, pajais federativs e.a.). Tar quels sa tracti però da subjects ch’èn suttamess al dretg dal stadi respectiv e betg da stadis per propi en il senn dal dretg internaziunal. </p><p>La teoria dals trais elements ha sviluppà il scienzià da dretg statal e da dretg internaziunal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_Jellinek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg Jellinek (n'exista betg)">Georg Jellinek</a>. Quella vala oz sco renconuschida generalmain. Cun ademplir quests trais criteris è avant maun in stadi en il senn dal dretg internaziunal ed uschia in subject dal dretg internaziunal. </p><p>La Convenziun da Montevideo numna sco ulteriur criteri l’abilitad d’entrar en contact cun auters stadis. Quest puntg da vista n’ha però betg pudì s’etablir entaifer la scienza dal dretg internaziunal. I vegn fatg valair che questa ‹suveranitad exteriura› saja bain ina caracteristica da la pussanza statala, ma ch’ella na furmia betg in’ulteriura, quarta caracteristica dal stadi. Da sa restrenscher als trais elements numnads duaja pussibilitar da resguardar en la definiziun ina paletta da furmas da pussanza da stadis reals uschè vasta sco pussaivel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Renconuschientscha_da_stadis">Renconuschientscha da stadis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifitgar secziun: Renconuschientscha da stadis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&action=edit&section=10" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Renconuschientscha da stadis"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Grenspost.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Grenspost.jpg/210px-Grenspost.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Grenspost.jpg/315px-Grenspost.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Grenspost.jpg/420px-Grenspost.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1852" data-file-height="1496" /></a><figcaption>Cipra dal Nord</figcaption></figure> <p>Da differenziar da la qualitad da stadi è la renconuschientscha da stadis. Ina tala ha tenor l’opiniun generala ina muntada puramain declamatorica, vul dir: ella n’è betg constitutiva per l’atgnadad dal stadi che vegn renconuschì dad esser in stadi. Facticamain furma il grad da renconuschientscha internaziunala tuttina in ferm indizi, a basa dal qual sa lascha concluder sin l’existenza sco stadi tenor dretg internaziunal (mettend pia en il center main la statalitad per sai, mabain la dumonda quant fitg ch’in stadi ha pudì s’etablir sco subject dal dretg internaziunal). I dat però er in puntg da vista tenor il qual la renconuschientscha tras auters stadis furma in element constitutiv da la statalitad. </p><p>Da la renconuschientscha da stadis è ultra da quai da differenziar la renconuschientscha da regenzas. Questa differenza daventa da muntada sch’ina regenza che n’è betg legitimada (a moda democratica) surpiglia la pussanza en in pajais (p.ex. en rom d’in putsch militar). </p><p>I sa lascha constatar pli e pli che stadis vegnan renconuschids be sch’els resguardan standards elementars che resultan dal dretg internaziunal (p.ex. ina constituziun cun elements democratics). Ultra da quai giogan adina dapli criteris politics in’impurtanta rolla, sco che mussa il cas da la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_dal_Cosovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republica dal Cosovo (n'exista betg)">Republica dal Cosovo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tut en tut datti en il mund 194 stadis suverans ch’èn renconuschids cumplettamain da las <a href="/wiki/Naziuns_unidas" class="mw-redirect" title="Naziuns unidas">Naziuns unidas</a> resp. da ses stadis commembers (situaziun dal 2019). Igl èn quai ils 193 stadis commembers da las Naziuns unidas ed il <a href="/wiki/Stadi_dal_Vatican" class="mw-redirect" title="Stadi dal Vatican">Stadi dal Vatican</a>. A la Sontga Sedia (ch’è da distinguer dal Vatican sco stadi) ed al stadi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palestina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palestina (n'exista betg)">Palestina</a> conceda l’Assamblea generala da las Naziuns unidas il status d’observatur. </p><p>Ulteriurs stadis na vegnan betg renconuschids da las Naziuns Unidas, percunter d’ina part dals stadis (en parantesa mintgamai il dumber da renconuschientschas, situaziun dal 2019): <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palestina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palestina (n'exista betg)">Palestina</a> (137), <a href="/wiki/Cosovo" title="Cosovo">Cosovo</a> (114), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_democratica_araba_da_la_Sahara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republica democratica araba da la Sahara (n'exista betg)">Republica democratica araba da la Sahara</a> (46), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taiwan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taiwan (n'exista betg)">Taiwan</a> (23), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchasia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abchasia (n'exista betg)">Abchasia</a> (5), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ossezia_dal_Sid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ossezia dal Sid (n'exista betg)">Ossezia dal Sid</a> (4), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cipra_dal_Nord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cipra dal Nord (n'exista betg)">Cipra dal Nord</a> (1). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Successiun_dals_stadis">Successiun dals stadis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifitgar secziun: Successiun dals stadis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&action=edit&section=11" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Successiun dals stadis"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La successiun dals stadis munta ch’ils dretgs e las obligaziuns d’in stadi vegnan surpigliads tras in auter stadi. La dumonda cura ed en tge dimensiun che novs stadis surpiglian la posiziun giuridica da lur stadis precedents, sa tschenta però be sch’in stadi na cuntinuescha betg cun l’identitad dal stadi precedent tenor dretg internaziunal, mabain represchenta in nov subject dal dretg internaziunal. Midadas da la regenza u da la constituziun d’in stadi na muntan anc betg che la cuntinuitad dal stadi vegnia interrutta. Las dumondas che sa tschentan en quest connex èn surtut daventadas actualas en ils cas da la dissoluziun da l’<a href="/wiki/Uniun_sovietica" title="Uniun sovietica">Uniun sovietica</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> e da l’anteriura <a href="/wiki/Jugoslavia" title="Jugoslavia">Jugoslavia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Critica_da_la_funcziun_dal_stadi">Critica da la funcziun dal stadi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifitgar secziun: Critica da la funcziun dal stadi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&action=edit&section=12" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Critica da la funcziun dal stadi"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anarchissem">Anarchissem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifitgar secziun: Anarchissem" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&action=edit&section=13" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Anarchissem"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L’anarchissem è ina filosofia politica che considerescha il stadi sco immoral, nunnecessari e nuschaivel e che cloma enstagl suenter ina societad senza classas e senza stadi (anarchia). </p><p>Anarchists èn da l’avis ch’il stadi saja da natira ennà in instrument da pussanza e da suppressiun, e quai independentamain da la dumonda tgi ch’exequeschia la controlla sur da quel. Las lingias che spartian la regenza dal commerzi privat sajan uschè diffusas ch’ellas sajan quasi inexistentas. En pli rendan anarchists attent ch’il stadi disponia dal monopol d’applitgar legalmain meds da violenza, uschia che quel possia teoreticamain privar l’uman da tut temp da ses dretgs natirals. Auter ch’ils marxists èn anarchists da l’avis ch’i na possia betg esser ina finamira politica da conquistar tras ina revoluziun la pussanza statala. Enstagl èn els persvas che l’apparat statal stoppia vegnir dismess dal tuttafatg e che la convivenza stoppia vegnir reglada autramain, a basa da raits socialas che na partan betg dal princip da la pussanza statala. </p><p>Entaifer in stadi, il qual dispona adina da structuras pli u main centralisadas e represchenta uschia adina ina societad da classas ierarchica – uschia vegn argumentà –, na sa laschia ina societad senza classas nunpussaivel realisar. Pertge che be gia l’existenza da daners stgaffeschia inegualitads. Perquai vulan anarchists dismetter ils stadis ed en il cas ideal er remplazzar ils daners tras la societad solidarica; uschia duaja la societad vegnir manada enavos en in stadi egalitar e vegnir restituida tant sco pussaivel l’autonomia ed autarchia da quella. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marxissem">Marxissem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifitgar secziun: Marxissem" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&action=edit&section=14" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Marxissem"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Gramsci.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gramsci.png/180px-Gramsci.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gramsci.png/270px-Gramsci.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gramsci.png/360px-Gramsci.png 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="1297" /></a><figcaption>Antonio Gramsci</figcaption></figure> <p>En sias scrittiras temprivas ha <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a> purtretà il stadi sco instituziun «parasitara», construida sin la surstructura da l’economia ch’impundia la lavur cunter l’interess public. Da quai resultian er las classas entaifer la societad. Las relaziuns vertentas entaifer la societad sajan per la classa regenta in instrument d’exequir la pussanza ed il domini politic ed ellas servian en general sco med da regulaziun e da repressiun che rinforzia be anc il cumbat da classas. Marx e ses cumbattant <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a> han perquai definì sco finamira dal communissem da stgaffir ina societad senza classas, en la quala il stadi stoppia «pirir». </p><p>Er per ils ulteriurs teoretichers marxistics è la rolla dal stadi betg socialistic determinada entras sia funcziun entaifer l’urden dal mund chapitalistic. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Gramsci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio Gramsci (n'exista betg)">Antonio Gramsci</a> (1891–1937) accentuescha en sia teoria dal stadi che quel furmia be ina da las instituziuns che gidia a mantegnair l’egemonia da la classa regenta. Daspera vegnia la pussanza statala rinforzada tras il domini ideologic da las instituziuns da la societad civila sco baselgias, scolas e meds da massa. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Miliband&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ralph Miliband (n'exista betg)">Ralph Miliband</a> (1924–1994) argumentescha che la classa sa servia dal stadi sco instrument per diriger la societad e ch’ella domineschia quel a basa da las relaziuns interumanas tranter ils funcziunaris dal stadi e las elitas da l’economia. Entras quests entretschaments socials, economics e politics ed il fatg ch’ils funcziunaris derivian da la medema classa sociala chapitalistica s’orienteschia il stadi adina als interess dals possessurs dal chapital e saja adina collià cun quels. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Annotaziuns">Annotaziuns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifitgar secziun: Annotaziuns" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&action=edit&section=15" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Annotaziuns"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cf. p.ex. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel: <i>Grundlagen der Philosophie des Rechts</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cf. Alfred Katz: <i>Staatsrecht: Grundkurs im öffentlichen Recht.</i> 18. ed., C.F. Müller/Hüthig Jehle Rehm, Heidelberg/Minca 2010, § 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Reinhold Zippelius: <i>Allgemeine Staatslehre</i>, 17. ed., § 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Reinhold Zippelius: <i>Allgemeine Staatslehre</i>, 17. ed., §§ 9 III 1, 17 II; <i>Rechtsphilosophie</i>, 6. ed., 2011, § 28 I.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wolfgang Reinhard: <i>Geschichte der Staatsgewalt.</i> 3. ed., Beck, Minca 2002, p. 122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wolfgang Reinhard: <i>Geschichte der Staatsgewalt.</i> 3. ed., Beck, Minca 2002, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cf. Schlichte 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Niklas Luhmann: <i>Die Politik der Gesellschaft.</i> 2000, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3518582909" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-518-58290-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Frithjof Ehm: <i>Demokratie und die Anerkennung von Staaten und Regierungen.</i> En: <i>Archiv des Völkerrechts</i>, tom 49, 2011, p. 64–86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cf. p.ex. Claudia Willershausen: <i>Zerfall der Sowjetunion: Staatennachfolge oder Identität der Russländischen Föderation</i>, Kovač, Hamburg 2002.</span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratura">Litteratura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifitgar secziun: Litteratura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&action=edit&section=16" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Litteratura"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Daron Acemoğlu, James A. Robinson: <i>Warum Nationen scheitern. Die Ursprünge von Macht, Wohlstand und Armut.</i> S. Fischer, Francfurt a.M. 2013, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783100005465" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-10-000546-5</a>.</li> <li>Arthur Benz: <i>Der moderne Staat. Grundlagen der politologischen Analyse.</i> Oldenbourg, Minca 2001, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3486236369" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-486-23636-9</a>.</li> <li>Gotthard Breit, Peter Massing (ed.): <i>Der Staat. Ideengeschichtliche Grundlagen, Wandel der Aufgaben, Stellung des Bürgers. Eine Einführung.</i> Wochenschau, Schwalbach 2003, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3899740726" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-89974-072-6</a>.</li> <li>Stefan Breuer: <i>Der Staat. Entstehung, Typen und Organisationsstadien.</i> Rowohlt, Reinbek 1998, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/349955593X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-499-55593-X</a>.</li> <li>Stefan Breuer: <i>Der charismatische Staat. Ursprünge und Frühformen staatlicher Herrschaft.</i> WBG, Darmstadt 2014, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783534264599" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-534-26459-9</a>.</li> <li>Pierre Clastres: <i>La Société contre l’État.</i> Minuit, 1974; tud. <i>Staatsfeinde: Studien zur politischen Anthropologie.</i> Suhrkamp, Francfurt a.M. 1976.</li> <li>James R. Crawford: <i>The Creation of States in International Law.</i> 2. ed., Oxford University Press, Oxford 2006, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/0198260024" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-826002-4</a>.</li> <li>Petra Dobner: <i>Bald Phoenix – bald Asche. Ambivalenzen des Staates.</i> Wagenbach, Berlin 2009, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783803126238" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-8031-2623-8</a>.</li> <li>S.E. Finer: <i>The History of Government from the Earliest Times.</i> 3 toms, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1999, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/0198208022" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-820802-2</a>.</li> <li>Ernst Forsthoff: <i>Der Staat der Industriegesellschaft.</i> 2. ed., Beck, Minca 1971.</li> <li>Michael Gal: <i>Der Staat in historischer Sicht. Zum Problem der Staatlichkeit in der Frühen Neuzeit.</i> En: <i>Der Staat. Zeitschrift für Staatslehre und Verfassungsgeschichte, deutsches und europäisches öffentliches Recht.</i> Tom 54, 2015, carnet 2, p. 241–266.</li> <li>Michael Gal: <i>Staaten, Reiche, Dependanten. Grundlegung einer Theorie der Politate.</i> En: Id.: <i>Internationale Politikgeschichte. Konzeption – Grundlagen – Aspekte.</i> Norderstedt 2019, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783752823387" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-7528-2338-7</a>, p. 239–291.</li> <li>Helmut Kuhn: <i>Der Staat. Eine philosophische Darstellung.</i> Kösel, Minca 1967.</li> <li>Ernst Meyer: <i>Einführung in die antike Staatskunde.</i> 6. ed., Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1992.</li> <li>Axel Montenbruck: <i>Zivilisation. Eine Rechtsanthropologie. Staat und Mensch, Gewalt und Recht, Kultur und Natur.</i> 2. ed. 2010, Universitätsbibliothek der Freien Universität Berlin (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edocs.fu-berlin.de/docs/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/FUDOCS_derivate_000000001228/Zivilisation_2__Aufl__ORIGINAL_21_9.pdf">PDF</a>).</li> <li>Robert Chr. van Ooyen: <i>Der Staat der Moderne. Hans Kelsens Pluralismustheorie.</i> Berlin 2003.</li> <li>Wolfgang Reinhard: <i>Geschichte der Staatsgewalt. Eine vergleichende Verfassungsgeschichte Europas von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart.</i> Beck, Minca 2002, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3406453104" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-406-45310-4</a>.</li> <li>Murray N. Rothbard: <i>The Anatomy of the State</i> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mises.org/pdf/anatomy.pdf">PDF</a>; 124 kB).</li> <li>Bernd Marquardt: <i>Universalgeschichte des Staates. Von der vorstaatlichen Gesellschaft zum Staat der Industriegesellschaft.</i> Lit Verlag, Münster 2009, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783643900043" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-643-90004-3</a>.</li> <li>Klaus Schlichte: <i>Der Staat in der Weltgesellschaft. Politische Herrschaft in Asien, Afrika und Lateinamerika.</i> Campus, Francfurt a.M. 2005, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3593378817" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-593-37881-7</a>.</li> <li>Carl Schmitt: <i>Der Begriff des Politischen.</i> 7. ed., Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2002, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3428087259" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-428-08725-9</a>.</li> <li>Gunnar Folke Schuppert: <i>Verflochtene Staatlichkeit. Globalisierung als Governance-Geschichte.</i> Campus, Francfurt a.M. 2014, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783593501802" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-593-50180-2</a>.</li> <li>Stefan Talmon: <i>Kollektive Nichtanerkennung illegaler Staaten. Grundlagen und Rechtsfolgen einer international koordinierten Sanktion, dargestellt am Beispiel der Türkischen Republik Nord-Zypern.</i> Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2006, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3161479815" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-16-147981-5</a>.</li> <li>Hans-Peter Waldrich: <i>Der Staat. Das deutsche Staatsdenken seit dem 18. Jahrhundert.</i> Olzog, Minca 1973, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3789270636" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-7892-7063-6</a>.</li> <li>Weltbank (ed.): <i>Weltentwicklungsbericht 1997. Der Staat in einer sich ändernden Welt.</i> Washington, D.C. 1997, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/0821337726" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8213-3772-6</a>.</li> <li>Reinhold Zippelius: <i>Allgemeine Staatslehre. Politikwissenschaft.</i> 17. ed. amplifitgada, Beck, Minca 2017, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783406712968" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-406-71296-8</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Colliaziuns">Colliaziuns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modifitgar secziun: Colliaziuns" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadi&action=edit&section=17" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Colliaziuns"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Countries?uselang=rm">Commons: Stadi</a></span></b> – Collecziun da maletgs, videos e datotecas d'audio</div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Da "<a dir="ltr" href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stadi&oldid=166440">https://rm.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stadi&oldid=166440</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Kategorien" title="Spezial:Kategorien">Categorias</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categoria:Seiten,_die_magische_ISBN-Links_verwenden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categoria:Seiten, die magische ISBN-Links verwenden (n'exista betg)">Seiten, die magische ISBN-Links verwenden</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Politica" title="Categoria:Politica">Politica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Artitgels_recumandads_(Politica)" title="Categoria:Artitgels recumandads (Politica)">Artitgels recumandads (Politica)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Questa pagina è vegnida modifitgada l'ultima giada ils 8. avust 2024 a las 20:53.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stats.grok.se/rm/latest30/Stadi">Statistica d'access per questa pagina</a><br /><br /> Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License</a>; additional terms may apply. See <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of use</a> for details.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/de">Protecziun da datas</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Davart">Davart Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Impressum">Impressum</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Verhaltenskodex</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Sviluppaders</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/rm.wikipedia.org">Statistiken</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Stellungnahme zu Cookies</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//rm.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stadi&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Versiun mobila</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Tschertgar</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Tschertgar Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spezial:Suche"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Tschertgar</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Inhaltsverzeichnis" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhaltsverzeichnis umschalten" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhaltsverzeichnis umschalten</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Stadi</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>181 Sprachen</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Agiuntar chapitel</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.eqiad.main-75687f9f4b-5sws9","wgBackendResponseTime":281,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.095","walltime":"0.281","ppvisitednodes":{"value":248,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":760,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":17,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":4,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":3958,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 14.496 1 -total"," 14.64% 2.123 1 Model:Artitgel_1000"," 14.38% 2.085 1 Model:Commonscat"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5bfd769545-qzk4m","timestamp":"20250313213651","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Stadi","url":"https:\/\/rm.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stadi","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7275","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7275","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Autoren der Wikimedia-Projekte"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-08-23T12:51:48Z","dateModified":"2024-08-08T19:53:04Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dd\/World%2C_administrative_divisions_-_de_-_colored_%28all_countries%29.svg"}</script> </body> </html>