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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tito–Stalin_conflict_during_World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tito–Stalin_conflict_during_World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Tito–Stalin conflict during World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tito–Stalin_conflict_during_World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Territorial_dispute_in_Trieste_and_Carinthia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Territorial_dispute_in_Trieste_and_Carinthia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Territorial dispute in Trieste and Carinthia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Territorial_dispute_in_Trieste_and_Carinthia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_situation_in_Eastern_Europe,_1945–1948" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_situation_in_Eastern_Europe,_1945–1948"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Political situation in Eastern Europe, 1945–1948</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_situation_in_Eastern_Europe,_1945–1948-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deteriorating_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deteriorating_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Deteriorating relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Deteriorating_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Deteriorating relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Deteriorating_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Yugoslav_foreign_policy,_1945–1947" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yugoslav_foreign_policy,_1945–1947"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Yugoslav foreign policy, 1945–1947</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yugoslav_foreign_policy,_1945–1947-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Integration_with_Albania_and_support_for_Greek_insurgents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Integration_with_Albania_and_support_for_Greek_insurgents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Integration with Albania and support for Greek insurgents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Integration_with_Albania_and_support_for_Greek_insurgents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federation_with_Bulgaria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federation_with_Bulgaria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Federation with Bulgaria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federation_with_Bulgaria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-February_1948_meeting_with_Stalin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#February_1948_meeting_with_Stalin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>February 1948 meeting with Stalin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-February_1948_meeting_with_Stalin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stalin's_letters_and_open_conflict" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stalin's_letters_and_open_conflict"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Stalin's letters and open conflict</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Stalin's_letters_and_open_conflict-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Stalin's letters and open conflict subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Stalin's_letters_and_open_conflict-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_letter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_letter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>First letter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_letter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_letter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_letter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Second letter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_letter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_letter_and_Cominform_Resolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_letter_and_Cominform_Resolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Third letter and Cominform Resolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_letter_and_Cominform_Resolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Aftermath subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-U.S._aid_to_Yugoslavia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._aid_to_Yugoslavia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>U.S. aid to Yugoslavia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._aid_to_Yugoslavia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soviet_actions_and_military_coup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soviet_actions_and_military_coup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Soviet actions and military coup</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soviet_actions_and_military_coup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Journals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Journals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tito–Stalin split</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86" title="انفصال تيتو ستالين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="انفصال تيتو ستالين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%8E%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Съветско-югославски конфликт – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Съветско-югославски конфликт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roztr%C5%BEka_Tito%E2%80%93Stalin" title="Roztržka Tito–Stalin – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Roztržka Tito–Stalin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tito-Stalin-konflikten" title="Tito-Stalin-konflikten – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tito-Stalin-konflikten" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%AE%CE%BE%CE%B7_%CE%A4%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%BF%E2%80%93%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BD" title="Ρήξη Τίτο–Στάλιν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρήξη Τίτο–Στάλιν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruptura_Tito-Stalin" title="Ruptura Tito-Stalin – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ruptura Tito-Stalin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disfendo_inter_Tito_kaj_Stalin" title="Disfendo inter Tito kaj Stalin – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Disfendo inter Tito kaj Stalin" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%E2%80%93%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="جدایی تیتو–استالین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جدایی تیتو–استالین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupture_Tito-Staline" title="Rupture Tito-Staline – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rupture Tito-Staline" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruptura_Tito-Stalin" title="Ruptura Tito-Stalin – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ruptura Tito-Stalin" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8B%B0%ED%86%A0-%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%88%EB%A6%B0_%EA%B2%B0%EB%A0%AC" title="티토-스탈린 결렬 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="티토-스탈린 결렬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raskol_Tito_%E2%80%93_Staljin" title="Raskol Tito – Staljin – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Raskol Tito – Staljin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perpecahan_Tito-Stalin" title="Perpecahan Tito-Stalin – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perpecahan Tito-Stalin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflitto_sovietico-jugoslavo" title="Conflitto sovietico-jugoslavo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Conflitto sovietico-jugoslavo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%95%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%99-%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99" title="הפיצול היוגוסלבי-סובייטי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הפיצול היוגוסלבי-סובייטי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tito%E2%80%93Szt%C3%A1lin-szak%C3%ADt%C3%A1s" title="Tito–Sztálin-szakítás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tito–Sztálin-szakítás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D9%BC%D9%8A%D9%BC%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%88_%D8%B3%D9%BC%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%DB%90%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="د ټيټو او سټالین بېلوالی – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د ټيټو او سټالین بېلوالی" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kryzys_jugos%C5%82owia%C5%84ski" title="Kryzys jugosłowiański – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kryzys jugosłowiański" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruptura_Tito%E2%80%93Stalin" title="Ruptura Tito–Stalin – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ruptura Tito–Stalin" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruptura_dintre_Tito_%C8%99i_Stalin" title="Ruptura dintre Tito și Stalin – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ruptura dintre Tito și Stalin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%8E%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Советско-югославский конфликт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Советско-югославский конфликт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndarja_Tito-Stalin" title="Ndarja Tito-Stalin – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ndarja Tito-Stalin" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovietsko-juhoslovansk%C3%BD_konflikt" title="Sovietsko-juhoslovanský konflikt – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sovietsko-juhoslovanský konflikt" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spor_med_Titom_in_Stalinom" title="Spor med Titom in Stalinom – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Spor med Titom in Stalinom" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%E2%80%94%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%99%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Раскол Тито—Стаљин – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Раскол Тито—Стаљин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raskol_Tita_i_Staljina" title="Raskol Tita i Staljina – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Raskol Tita i Staljina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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style="left:-0px;top:-0px"></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:1px"><div><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_zone_in_Germany" title="Soviet occupation zone in Germany">★<b>GERMANY<br />(SOVIET ZONE)</b></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:23.034%;left:66.566%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-0px;top:-0px"></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:1px"><div><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">★<b>SOVIET UNION</b></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:49.024%;left:65.557%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-0px;top:-0px"></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:1px"><div><a href="/wiki/Communist_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Romania">★<b>ROMANIA</b></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:64.312%;left:68.079%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-0px;top:-0px"></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:1px"><div><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Bulgaria" title="People's Republic of Bulgaria">★<b>BULGARIA</b></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:80.11%;left:84.216%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-0px;top:-0px"></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:1px"><div><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><b>TURKEY</b></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:84.697%;left:56.48%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-0px;top:-0px"></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:1px"><div><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece"><b>GREECE</b></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:76.543%;left:41.856%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-0px;top:-0px"></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:1px"><div><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Socialist_Republic_of_Albania" title="People's Socialist Republic of Albania">★<b>ALBANIA</b></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:66.351%;left:7.06%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-0px;top:-0px"></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:1px"><div><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><b>ITALY</b></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:44.947%;left:17.146%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-0px;top:-0px"></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:1px"><div><a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Austria" title="Allied-occupied Austria"><b>AUSTRIA</b></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:34.755%;left:-0.504%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-0px;top:-0px"></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:1px"><div><a href="/wiki/American_occupation_zone_in_Germany" title="American occupation zone in Germany"><b>GERMANY<br />(AMERICAN ZONE)</b></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:22.015%;left:-0.504%;font-size:85%"><div class="id" style="left:-0px;top:-0px"></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:1px"><div><a href="/wiki/British_occupation_zone_in_Germany" title="British occupation zone in Germany"><b>GERMANY<br />(BRITISH ZONE)</b></a></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Eastern_Bloc_countries_Europe_1948.png" title="File:Eastern Bloc countries Europe 1948.png">class=notpageimage| </a></div>The Eastern Bloc countries (marked ★) at the time of the Tito–Stalin split; the <a href="/wiki/Free_Territory_of_Trieste" title="Free Territory of Trieste">Free Territory of Trieste</a> and the borders of the <a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">occupation zones of Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Austria" title="Allied-occupied Austria">Austria</a> are not shown</div></div></div> <p>The <b>Tito–Stalin split</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the <b>Soviet–Yugoslav split<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> was the culmination of a conflict between the political leaderships of <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, under <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>, respectively, in the years following <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. Although presented by both sides as an ideological dispute, the conflict was as much the product of a geopolitical struggle in the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a> that also involved <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of Albania">Albania</a>, <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Bulgaria" title="People's Republic of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">communist insurgency</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Greece</a>, which Tito's Yugoslavia supported and the Soviet Union secretly opposed. </p><p>In the years following World War II, Yugoslavia pursued economic, internal, and foreign policy objectives that did not align with the interests of the Soviet Union and its <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a> allies. In particular, Yugoslavia hoped to admit neighbouring Albania to the Yugoslav federation. This fostered an atmosphere of insecurity within the Albanian political leadership and exacerbated tensions with the Soviet Union, which made efforts to impede Albanian–Yugoslav integration. Yugoslav support of the communist rebels in Greece against the wishes of the Soviet Union further complicated the political situation. Stalin tried to pressure Yugoslavia and moderate its policies using Bulgaria as an intermediary. When the conflict between Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union became public in 1948, it was portrayed as an ideological dispute to avoid the impression of a power struggle within the Eastern Bloc. </p><p>The split ushered in the <a href="/wiki/Informbiro_period" title="Informbiro period">Informbiro period</a> of purges within the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of Yugoslavia">Communist Party of Yugoslavia</a>. It was accompanied by a significant level of disruption to the Yugoslav economy, which had previously depended on the Eastern Bloc. The conflict also prompted fears of an impending Soviet invasion and even a coup attempt by senior Soviet-aligned military leaders, a fear fueled by thousands of border incidents and incursions orchestrated by the Soviets and their allies. Deprived of aid from the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc, Yugoslavia subsequently turned to the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> for economic and military assistance. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tito–Stalin_conflict_during_World_War_II"><span id="Tito.E2.80.93Stalin_conflict_during_World_War_II"></span>Tito–Stalin conflict during World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Tito–Stalin conflict during World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">World War II in Yugoslavia</a></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the relationship between <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugoslav Partisan">Yugoslav Partisan</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a> and Soviet leader <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> was complicated by the Soviet Union's alliances, Stalin's desire to expand the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_sphere_of_influence" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet sphere of influence">Soviet sphere of influence</a> beyond the borders of the Soviet Union, and the confrontation between Tito's <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of Yugoslavia">Communist Party of Yugoslavia</a> (KPJ) and the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_government-in-exile" title="Yugoslav government-in-exile">Yugoslav government-in-exile</a> headed by King <a href="/wiki/Peter_II_of_Yugoslavia" title="Peter II of Yugoslavia">Peter II of Yugoslavia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac19884_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac19884-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a> <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">invaded</a> the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a> on 6 April 1941. The country surrendered 11 days later, and the government fled abroad, ultimately relocating to London. <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy_(1922%E2%80%931943)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascist Italy (1922–1943)">Fascist Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%931946)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)">Hungary</a> annexed parts of the country. The remaining territory was broken up: most of it was organised as the <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a> (NDH), a puppet state garrisoned by German and Italian forces, while the capital Belgrade remained in the <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Military_Commander_in_Serbia" title="Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia">German-occupied territory of Serbia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac19884_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac19884-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Soviet Union, still honouring the <a href="/wiki/Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact" title="Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact">Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact</a>, broke off relations with the Yugoslav government and sought, through its intelligence assets, to set up a new Communist organisation independent of the KPJ in the NDH. The Soviet Union also tacitly approved the restructuring of the <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Workers%27_Party_(Communist)" title="Bulgarian Workers' Party (Communist)">Bulgarian Workers' Party</a>. In particular, the party's new organisational structure and territory of operation were adjusted to account for the <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">annexation of Yugoslav territories by Bulgaria</a>. The Soviets only reversed their support for such actions in September 1941—well after the start of the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Axis invasion of the Soviet Union</a>—after repeated protests from the KPJ.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac19884–5_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac19884–5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 1941, Tito informed the <a href="/wiki/Comintern" class="mw-redirect" title="Comintern">Comintern</a> and Stalin about his plans for an uprising against the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">Axis occupiers</a>. However, Stalin considered the prolific use of <a href="/wiki/Communist_symbolism" title="Communist symbolism">Communist symbols</a> by Tito's Partisans to be problematic.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac19886–7_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac19886–7-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was because Stalin viewed his alliance with the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> as necessarily contrary to the Axis destruction of "democratic liberties". Stalin thus felt that Communist forces in <a href="/wiki/German-occupied_Europe" title="German-occupied Europe">Axis-occupied Europe</a> were actually obligated to fight to restore democratic liberties—even if temporarily. In terms of Yugoslavia, this meant that Stalin expected the KPJ to fight to restore the government-in-exile. Remnants of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Yugoslav_Army" title="Royal Yugoslav Army">Royal Yugoslav Army</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">Colonel</a> <a href="/wiki/Dra%C5%BEa_Mihailovi%C4%87" title="Draža Mihailović">Draža Mihailović</a> and organised as <a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetnik guerrillas</a>, were already pursuing the restoration of the Yugoslav monarchy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac19889_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac19889-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Drugo_zasedanje_AVNOJ-A_v_Jajcu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of a sitting audience looking at a point off-camera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Drugo_zasedanje_AVNOJ-A_v_Jajcu.jpg/220px-Drugo_zasedanje_AVNOJ-A_v_Jajcu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Drugo_zasedanje_AVNOJ-A_v_Jajcu.jpg/330px-Drugo_zasedanje_AVNOJ-A_v_Jajcu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Drugo_zasedanje_AVNOJ-A_v_Jajcu.jpg/440px-Drugo_zasedanje_AVNOJ-A_v_Jajcu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="572" /></a><figcaption>In 1943, the Yugoslav Communist leadership transformed the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Fascist_Council_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Yugoslavia" title="Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia">AVNOJ</a> into a new Yugoslav deliberative body.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boji%C5%A1te_u_ulici_Kneza_Milo%C5%A1a_1944.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of a destroyed tank in a street" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Boji%C5%A1te_u_ulici_Kneza_Milo%C5%A1a_1944.jpg/220px-Boji%C5%A1te_u_ulici_Kneza_Milo%C5%A1a_1944.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Boji%C5%A1te_u_ulici_Kneza_Milo%C5%A1a_1944.jpg/330px-Boji%C5%A1te_u_ulici_Kneza_Milo%C5%A1a_1944.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Boji%C5%A1te_u_ulici_Kneza_Milo%C5%A1a_1944.jpg/440px-Boji%C5%A1te_u_ulici_Kneza_Milo%C5%A1a_1944.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="931" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a>, supported by the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslav Partisans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgrade Offensive">captured Belgrade</a> in October 1944.</figcaption></figure> <p>In October 1941, Tito met Mihailović twice to propose a joint struggle against the Axis. Tito offered him the position of <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_staff" title="Chief of staff">chief of staff</a> of the Partisan forces, but Mihailović turned down the offer.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198810_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198810-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the month, Mihailović concluded that the Communists were the true enemy. At first, Mihailović's Chetniks fought the Partisans and the Axis simultaneously, but within months, they began collaborating with the Axis against the Partisans.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001142_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001142-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By November, the Partisans were fighting the Chetniks while sending messages to Moscow protesting Soviet propaganda praising Mihailović.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198810_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198810-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1943, Tito transformed the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Fascist_Council_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Yugoslavia" title="Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia">Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia</a> (AVNOJ) into an all-Yugoslav deliberative and legislative body, denounced the government-in-exile, and forbade King Peter's return to the country. These decisions ran against explicit Soviet advice instructing Tito not to antagonise the exiled monarch and his government. Stalin was at the <a href="/wiki/Tehran_Conference" title="Tehran Conference">Tehran Conference</a> at the time and viewed the move as a betrayal of the Soviet Union.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198812_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198812-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1944–1945, Stalin's renewed instructions to Communist leaders in Europe to establish coalitions with bourgeois politicians were met with incredulity in Yugoslavia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds2006270–271_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds2006270–271-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This shock was reinforced by Stalin's revelation of the <a href="/wiki/Percentages_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Percentages Agreement">Percentages Agreement</a> to the surprised <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Kardelj" title="Edvard Kardelj">Edvard Kardelj</a>, vice president of the Yugoslav <a href="/wiki/National_Committee_for_the_Liberation_of_Yugoslavia" title="National Committee for the Liberation of Yugoslavia">provisional government</a>. The agreement, concluded by Stalin and British <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Conference_(1944)" title="Moscow Conference (1944)">1944 Moscow Conference</a> divided <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern European</a> countries into British and Soviet <a href="/wiki/Spheres_of_influence" class="mw-redirect" title="Spheres of influence">spheres of influence</a>—splitting Yugoslavia evenly between the two.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198815_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198815-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Territorial_dispute_in_Trieste_and_Carinthia">Territorial dispute in Trieste and Carinthia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Territorial dispute in Trieste and Carinthia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the final days of the war, the Partisans captured parts of <a href="/wiki/Carinthia" title="Carinthia">Carinthia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> and started to advance across pre-war Italian soil. While the Western Allies believed Stalin had arranged the move,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds2006274–275_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds2006274–275-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he actually opposed it. Specifically, Stalin feared for the Soviet-backed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fourth_Renner_government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fourth Renner government (page does not exist)">Austrian government</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provisorische_Staatsregierung_Renner_1945" class="extiw" title="de:Provisorische Staatsregierung Renner 1945">de</a>]</span> of <a href="/wiki/Karl_Renner" title="Karl Renner">Karl Renner</a>, and was afraid that a wider conflict with the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a> over <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a> would ensue.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198817_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198817-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stalin thus ordered Tito to withdraw from Carinthia and Trieste, and the Partisans complied.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001759_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001759-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nevertheless, Yugoslavia maintained its claims against Italy and Austria. The territorial dispute in the northwest part of <a href="/wiki/Istria" title="Istria">Istria</a> and around the city of Trieste caused the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Peace_with_Italy,_1947" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947">Treaty of Peace with Italy</a> to be delayed until 1947, and led to the establishment of the independent <a href="/wiki/Free_Territory_of_Trieste" title="Free Territory of Trieste">Free Territory of Trieste</a>. This did not satisfy Tito as he sought revisions of the borders around Trieste and in Carinthia, prompting the Western Allies to keep a garrison in Trieste to prevent a Yugoslav takeover. Tito's continued insistence on the acquisition of Trieste was also seen by Stalin as an embarrassment to the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Communist_Party" title="Italian Communist Party">Italian Communist Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJudt2005141–142_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJudt2005141–142-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_situation_in_Eastern_Europe,_1945–1948"><span id="Political_situation_in_Eastern_Europe.2C_1945.E2.80.931948"></span>Political situation in Eastern Europe, 1945–1948</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Political situation in Eastern Europe, 1945–1948"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the immediate aftermath of World War II, the Soviet Union sought to establish its political dominance in foreign countries captured by the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a>, mostly by establishing coalition governments in Eastern European countries. <a href="/wiki/One-party" class="mw-redirect" title="One-party">One-party</a> Communist rule was generally difficult to achieve because Communist parties were usually quite small. The Communist leaders saw the strategic approach as a temporary measure until circumstances allowing for sole Communist rule improved.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJudt2005130–132_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJudt2005130–132-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The KPJ and the <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Labour_of_Albania" title="Party of Labour of Albania">Albanian Communist Party</a> (PKSH) enjoyed significant popular support stemming from Tito's Partisan movement in Yugoslavia and Albania's <a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Movement_(Albania)" title="National Liberation Movement (Albania)">National Liberation Movement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200759_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200759-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Tito's <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia</a> was under Soviet influence in the final months of the war and the first few post-war years, Stalin declared it outside the Soviet sphere of interest on several occasions,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200761_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200761-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> treating it like a <a href="/wiki/Satellite_state" title="Satellite state">satellite state</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcClellan1969128_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcClellan1969128-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The contrast with the rest of Eastern Europe was underscored ahead of a Soviet offensive in October 1944. Tito's Partisans supported the offensive, which ultimately pushed the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> and its allies out of northern Serbia and led to the <a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgrade Offensive">capture of Belgrade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZiemke1968375–377_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZiemke1968375–377-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Marshal of the Soviet Union">Marshal</a> <a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Tolbukhin" title="Fyodor Tolbukhin">Fyodor Tolbukhin</a>'s Third Ukrainian Front had to request formal permission from Tito's provisional government to enter Yugoslavia and had to accept Yugoslav civil authority in any liberated territory.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198814_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198814-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deteriorating_relations">Deteriorating relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Deteriorating relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yugoslav_foreign_policy,_1945–1947"><span id="Yugoslav_foreign_policy.2C_1945.E2.80.931947"></span>Yugoslav foreign policy, 1945–1947</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Yugoslav foreign policy, 1945–1947"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Free_Territory_of_Trieste_Map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of zones of control the Free Territory of Trieste" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Free_Territory_of_Trieste_Map.svg/350px-Free_Territory_of_Trieste_Map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="453" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Free_Territory_of_Trieste_Map.svg/525px-Free_Territory_of_Trieste_Map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Free_Territory_of_Trieste_Map.svg/700px-Free_Territory_of_Trieste_Map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="612" data-file-height="792" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Free_Territory_of_Trieste" title="Free Territory of Trieste">Free Territory of Trieste</a> was a nominally independent territory centered on the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a>. It was claimed by Italy and Yugoslavia, and became a source of conflict between Yugoslavia and the Western Allies. Prior to its dissolution, the territory consisted of Zones A and B, administered by the Western Allies and Yugoslavia, respectively. The Yugoslav zone was ultimately divided between the federated republics of <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia" title="Socialist Republic of Croatia">Croatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Slovenia" title="Socialist Republic of Slovenia">Slovenia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJosipovič201240–42_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJosipovič201240–42-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The Soviet Union and Yugoslavia signed a friendship treaty when Tito met with Stalin in Moscow in April 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198817_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198817-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They established good bilateral relations despite differences in how to bring about a communist or socialist society.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200736–37_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200736–37-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1945, Yugoslavia relied on <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Relief_and_Rehabilitation_Administration" title="United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration">United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration</a> aid as it experienced food shortages, but it gave much greater internal publicity to comparably smaller Soviet assistance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006176_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006176-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 10 January 1945, Stalin called Yugoslavia's foreign policy unreasonable because of its <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_irredentism" title="Yugoslav irredentism">territorial claims against most of its neighbours</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac2008xl_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac2008xl-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including Hungary,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlemenčićSchofield200112–13_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlemenčićSchofield200112–13-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Austria,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006173_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006173-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Free Territory of Trieste, which had been carved out of pre-war Italian territory.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJudt2005142_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJudt2005142-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tito then delivered a speech criticising the Soviet Union for not backing his territorial demands.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006176_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006176-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The confrontation with the Western Allies became tense in August 1946 when <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Air_Force" title="Yugoslav Air Force">Yugoslav fighter aircraft</a> forced a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">United States Army Air Forces</a> <a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">Douglas C-47 Skytrain</a> to crash-land near <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a> and shot down another above <a href="/wiki/Bled" title="Bled">Bled</a>, capturing ten and killing a crew of five in the span of ten days.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJennings2017239–240_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJennings2017239–240-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Western Allies incorrectly believed that Stalin encouraged Tito's persistence; Stalin actually wished to avoid confrontation with the West.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001759_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001759-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tito also sought to establish regional dominance over Yugoslavia's southern neighbours—<a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, Bulgaria, and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Greece</a>. The first overtures in this direction occurred in 1943 when a proposal for a regional headquarters to coordinate national Partisan actions fell through. Tito, who saw the Yugoslav component of the Partisans as superior, declined to go ahead with any scheme that would give other national components equal say. The pre-war partition of <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a> into <a href="/wiki/Vardar_Macedonia" title="Vardar Macedonia">Vardar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pirin_Macedonia" title="Pirin Macedonia">Pirin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Macedonia" title="Aegean Macedonia">Aegean Macedonia</a>—controlled by Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, and Greece respectively—complicated regional relations. The presence of a substantial ethnic Albanian population in the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Autonomous_Province_of_Kosovo" title="Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo">Yugoslav region of Kosovo</a> further impeded relations. In 1943, the PKSH had proposed the transfer of Kosovo to Albania, only to be confronted with a counterproposal: incorporating Albania into a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Federal_Yugoslavia" title="Democratic Federal Yugoslavia">future Yugoslav federation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200742–43_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200742–43-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tito and PKSH first secretary <a href="/wiki/Enver_Hoxha" title="Enver Hoxha">Enver Hoxha</a> revisited the idea in 1946, agreeing to merge the two countries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac1988219_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac1988219-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the war, Tito continued to pursue dominance in the region. In 1946, Albania and Yugoslavia signed a treaty on mutual assistance and customs agreements, almost completely integrating Albania into the Yugoslav economic system. Nearly a thousand Yugoslav economic development experts were sent to Albania, and a KPJ representative was added to the PKSH Central Committee.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200743–44_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200743–44-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two countries' militaries also cooperated, at least in the <a href="/wiki/Corfu_Channel_incident" title="Corfu Channel incident">mining of the Corfu Channel</a> in October 1946—an action which damaged two <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> destroyers and resulted in 44 dead and 42 injured.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKane201476_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKane201476-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even though the Soviet Union had previously indicated it would only deal with Albania through Yugoslavia, Stalin cautioned the Yugoslavs not to pursue unification with haste.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200743–44_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200743–44-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 1947, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia signed a <a href="/wiki/Bled_agreement_(1947)" title="Bled agreement (1947)">friendship and mutual assistance treaty in Bled</a> without consulting the Soviet Union, leading Soviet Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Molotov" title="Vyacheslav Molotov">Vyacheslav Molotov</a> to denounce it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200752_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200752-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this, when the <a href="/wiki/Cominform" title="Cominform">Cominform</a> was established in September to facilitate international Communist activity and communication,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJudt2005143_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJudt2005143-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Soviets openly touted Yugoslavia as a model for the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a> to emulate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200740_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200740-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1946, internal reports from the Soviet embassy in Belgrade began to portray Yugoslav leaders in increasingly unfavourable terms.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200757_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200757-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Integration_with_Albania_and_support_for_Greek_insurgents">Integration with Albania and support for Greek insurgents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Integration with Albania and support for Greek insurgents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Soviet Union began sending its own advisors to Albania in mid-1947, which Tito saw as a threat to the further integration of Albania into Yugoslavia. He attributed the move to a power struggle within the PKSH Central Committee involving Hoxha, the interior minister <a href="/wiki/Ko%C3%A7i_Xoxe" title="Koçi Xoxe">Koçi Xoxe</a>, and the economy and industry minister, <a href="/wiki/Nako_Spiru" title="Nako Spiru">Naco Spiru</a>. Spiru was seen as the prime opponent of links with Yugoslavia and advocated closer ties between Albania and the Soviet Union. Prompted by Yugoslav accusations and urged on by Xoxe, Hoxha launched an investigation into Spiru. A few days later, Spiru died in unclear circumstances; his death was officially declared a suicide.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200746–47_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200746–47-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following Spiru's death, there were a series of meetings of Yugoslav and Soviet diplomats and officials on the matter of integration, culminating in a meeting between Stalin and KPJ official <a href="/wiki/Milovan_%C4%90ilas" class="mw-redirect" title="Milovan Đilas">Milovan Đilas</a> in December 1947 and January 1948. By its conclusion, Stalin supported the integration of Albania into Yugoslavia, provided it was postponed for a more opportune time and carried out with the consent of the Albanians. It is still unclear if Stalin was sincere in his support or if he was pursuing a delaying tactic. Regardless, Đilas perceived Stalin's support as genuine.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200747–48_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200747–48-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yugoslav support to the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Greece" title="Communist Party of Greece">Communist Party of Greece</a> (KKE) and KKE-led <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Army_of_Greece" title="Democratic Army of Greece">Democratic Army of Greece</a> (DSE) in the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a> indirectly encouraged Albanian support for closer ties with Yugoslavia. The civil war in Greece reinforced the Albanian perception that the Yugoslav and Albanian borders were threatened by Greece.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200745–46_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200745–46-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, the DSE promised to cede Aegean Macedonia to Yugoslavia in return for the Yugoslav support when it comes to power in Greece.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006174_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006174-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was a United States intelligence-gathering operation in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELulushi2014121–122_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELulushi2014121–122-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1947, twelve British <a href="/wiki/Secret_Intelligence_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Secret Intelligence Service">Secret Intelligence Service</a>-trained agents <a href="/wiki/Operation_Valuable" title="Operation Valuable">were airdropped</a> in central Albania to start an insurrection, which did not materialise.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheotokis2020142_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETheotokis2020142-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Yugoslavs hoped that the perceived Greek threat would increase Albanian support for integration with Yugoslavia. Soviet envoys to Albania deemed the effort successful in instilling Albanians with a fear of Greeks along with a perception that Albania could not defend itself on its own,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200745–46_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200745–46-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although Soviet sources indicated there was no actual threat of a Greek invasion of Albania.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović2007note_92_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović2007note_92-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tito thought, since many DSE fighters were <a href="/wiki/Macedonians_(ethnic_group)" title="Macedonians (ethnic group)">ethnic Macedonians</a>, cooperating with the DSE might allow Yugoslavia to annex Greek territory by expanding into Aegean Macedonia even if the DSE failed to seize power.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200745–46_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200745–46-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shortly after Đilas and Stalin met, Tito suggested to Hoxha that Albania should permit Yugoslavia to use military bases near <a href="/wiki/Kor%C3%A7%C3%AB" title="Korçë">Korçë</a>, close to the Albanian–Greek border, to defend against a potential Greek and Anglo–American attack. By the end of January, Hoxha accepted the idea. Moreover, Xoxe indicated that the integration of the Albanian and Yugoslav armies had been approved. Even though the matter was supposedly conducted in secrecy, the Soviets learned of the scheme from a source in the Albanian government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200748–49_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200748–49-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federation_with_Bulgaria">Federation with Bulgaria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Federation with Bulgaria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In late 1944, Stalin first proposed a Yugoslav–Bulgarian federation, involving a dualist state where Bulgaria would be one half of the federation and Yugoslavia (further divided into its republics) the other. The Yugoslav position was that a federation was possible, but only if Bulgaria were one of the seven federal units and if <a href="/wiki/Pirin_Macedonia" title="Pirin Macedonia">Pirin Macedonia</a> was ceded to the nascent Yugoslav <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Macedonia" title="Socialist Republic of Macedonia">federal unit of Macedonia</a>. Since the two sides could not agree, Stalin invited them to Moscow in January 1945 for arbitration—first supporting the Bulgarian view—and days later switching to the Yugoslav position. Finally, on 26 January, the British government warned the Bulgarian authorities against any federation arrangement with Yugoslavia before Bulgaria signed a peace treaty with the Allies. The federation was shelved, to Tito's relief.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198831–32_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198831–32-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Three years later, in 1948, when Tito and Hoxha were preparing to deploy the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_People%27s_Army" title="Yugoslav People's Army">Yugoslav People's Army</a> to Albania, the Bulgarian Workers' Party leader <a href="/wiki/Georgi_Dimitrov" title="Georgi Dimitrov">Georgi Dimitrov</a> spoke to Western journalists about turning the Eastern Bloc into a federally organised state. He then included Greece in a list of "people's democracies", causing concern in the West and in the Soviet Union. Tito sought to distance Yugoslavia from the idea, but the Soviets came to believe that Dimitrov's remarks were influenced by Yugoslavia's intentions in the Balkans. On 1 February 1948, Molotov instructed the Yugoslav and Bulgarian leaders to send representatives to Moscow by 10 February for discussions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200750–52_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200750–52-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 5 February, just days before the scheduled meeting with Stalin, the DSE launched its general offensive, shelling <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a> four days later.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198841_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198841-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="February_1948_meeting_with_Stalin">February 1948 meeting with Stalin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: February 1948 meeting with Stalin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CroppedStalin1943.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of Joseph Stalin seated" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/CroppedStalin1943.jpg/170px-CroppedStalin1943.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/CroppedStalin1943.jpg/255px-CroppedStalin1943.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/CroppedStalin1943.jpg/340px-CroppedStalin1943.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1511" data-file-height="1984" /></a><figcaption>Soviet leader <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> met Yugoslav officials in Moscow in February 1948, shortly before the split.</figcaption></figure> <p>In response to Molotov's summons, Tito dispatched Kardelj and President of the <a href="/wiki/1st_Executive_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_Croatia" title="1st Executive Council of the People's Republic of Croatia">Executive Council of the People's Republic of Croatia</a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Bakari%C4%87" title="Vladimir Bakarić">Vladimir Bakarić</a> to Moscow, where they joined Đilas. Stalin berated Yugoslavia and Dimitrov for ignoring the Soviet Union by signing the Bled Agreement, and for Dimitrov's call to include Greece in a hypothetical federation with Bulgaria and Yugoslavia. He also demanded an end to the insurrection in Greece, arguing that any further support for the Communist guerrillas there might lead to a wider conflict with the United States and the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198841_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198841-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By limiting his support to the DSE, Stalin adhered to the Percentages Agreement, an informal deal Stalin and Winston Churchill had struck in Moscow in October 1944, which placed Greece in the British sphere of influence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198832–33_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198832–33-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stalin also demanded an immediate federation consisting of Bulgaria and Yugoslavia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198841–42_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198841–42-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Stalin, Albania would join later. At the same time, he expressed support for similar unions of Hungary and Romania and of Poland and <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>. Yugoslav and Bulgarian participants in the meeting acknowledged mistakes, and Stalin made Kardelj and Dimitrov sign a treaty obliging Yugoslavia and Bulgaria to consult the Soviet Union on all foreign policy matters.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200755_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200755-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The KPJ politburo met in secret on 19 February and decided against any federation with Bulgaria. Two days later, Tito, Kardelj, and Đilas met with <a href="/wiki/Nikos_Zachariadis" title="Nikos Zachariadis">Nikos Zachariadis</a>, the general secretary of the KKE. They informed Zachariadis that Stalin was opposed to the KKE's armed struggle but promised continued Yugoslav support, nonetheless.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200756_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200756-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_League_of_Communists_of_Yugoslavia" title="Central Committee of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia">KPJ Central Committee</a> met on 1 March and noted that Yugoslavia would remain independent only if it resisted Soviet designs for the economic development of the Eastern Bloc.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198842_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198842-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Soviet Union viewed the Yugoslav five-year development plan unfavourably because it did not align with the needs of the Eastern Bloc but prioritised development based solely on local development needs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELees1978408_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELees1978408-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Central Committee also dismissed the possibility of a federation with Bulgaria, interpreting it as a form of <a href="/wiki/Trojan_horse" class="mw-redirect" title="Trojan horse">Trojan horse</a> tactic, and decided to proceed with the existing policy towards Albania.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198842_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198842-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Politburo member and government minister <a href="/wiki/Sreten_%C5%BDujovi%C4%87" title="Sreten Žujović">Sreten Žujović</a>, who was not present at the meeting on 19 February, attended the 1 March meeting and informed the Soviets.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200757_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200757-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Albania, Xoxe purged all anti-Yugoslav forces from the PKSH Central Committee at a plenum of 26 February–8 March.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198843_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198843-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The PKSH Central Committee adopted a resolution that official Albanian policy was pro-Yugoslav. The Albanian authorities adopted an additional secret document detailing a planned merger of the Albanian and Yugoslav armies, citing the threat of a Greek invasion and arguing that having Yugoslav troops at the Albanian-Greek border was an "urgent necessity".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200757_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200757-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to these moves, Soviet military advisers were withdrawn from Yugoslavia on 18 March.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198843_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198843-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stalin's_letters_and_open_conflict"><span id="Stalin.27s_letters_and_open_conflict"></span>Stalin's letters and open conflict</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Stalin's letters and open conflict"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_letter">First letter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: First letter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 27 March, Stalin sent his first letter addressed to Tito and Kardelj, which formulated the conflict as an ideological one.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200758_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200758-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his letter, Stalin denounced Tito and Kardelj, as well as Đilas, <a href="/wiki/Svetozar_Vukmanovi%C4%87" title="Svetozar Vukmanović">Svetozar Vukmanović</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boris_Kidri%C4%8D" title="Boris Kidrič">Boris Kidrič</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Rankovi%C4%87" title="Aleksandar Ranković">Aleksandar Ranković</a>, as "dubious <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxists</a>" responsible for the anti-Soviet atmosphere in Yugoslavia. Stalin also criticised Yugoslav policies on security, the economy, and political appointments. In particular, he resented the suggestion that Yugoslavia was more revolutionary than the Soviet Union, drawing comparisons to the positions and the fate of <a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Leon Trotsky</a>. The purpose of the letter was to urge loyal Communists to remove the "dubious Marxists".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198843–45_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198843–45-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Soviets maintained contact with Žujović and the former minister of industry <a href="/wiki/Andrija_Hebrang_(father)" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrija Hebrang (father)">Andrija Hebrang</a> and, in early 1948, instructed Žujović to oust Tito from office. They hoped to secure the position of the general secretary of the KPJ for Žujović and have Hebrang fill the post of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Yugoslavia" title="Prime Minister of Yugoslavia">prime minister</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006177_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006177-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tito convened the KPJ Central Committee on 12 April to draw up a letter in response to Stalin. Tito repudiated Stalin's claims and referred to them as slander and misinformation. He also emphasised the KPJ's achievements of national independence and equality. Žujović was the only one to oppose Tito at the meeting. He advocated making Yugoslavia a part of the Soviet Union, and questioned what the country's future position in international relations would be if the alliance between the two countries was not maintained.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac1988117–118_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac1988117–118-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tito called for action against Žujović and Hebrang. He denounced Hebrang, claiming that his actions were the primary reason for Soviet mistrust. To discredit him, charges were fabricated alleging that Hebrang had become a spy for the Croatian ultra-nationalist and fascist <a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Ustaše</a> movement during his captivity in 1942, and that he was subsequently blackmailed with that information by the Soviets. Both Žujović and Hebrang were apprehended within a week.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac1988119–120_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac1988119–120-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_letter">Second letter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Second letter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 4 May, Stalin sent the second letter to the KPJ. He denied the Soviet leadership was misinformed about the situation in Yugoslavia and claimed that the differences were over a matter of principle. He also denied Hebrang was a Soviet source in the KPJ but confirmed that Žujović was indeed one. Stalin questioned the scale of KPJ's achievements, alleging that the success of any communist party depended on Red Army assistance—implying the Soviet military was essential to whether or not the KPJ retained power. Finally, he suggested taking the matter up before the Cominform.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac1988123_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac1988123-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In their response to the second letter, Tito and Kardelj rejected arbitration by the Cominform and accused Stalin of lobbying other communist parties to affect the outcome of the dispute.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac1988124_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac1988124-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_letter_and_Cominform_Resolution">Third letter and Cominform Resolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Third letter and Cominform Resolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 19 May, Tito received an invitation for the Yugoslav delegation to attend a Cominform meeting to discuss the situation concerning the KPJ. However, the KPJ Central Committee rejected the invitation the next day. Stalin then sent his third letter, now addressed to Tito and Hebrang, stating that failure to speak on behalf of the KPJ before the Cominform would amount to a tacit admission of guilt. On 19 June, the KPJ received a formal invitation to attend the Cominform meeting in <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a> two days later. The KPJ leadership informed the Cominform that they would not send any delegates.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac1988124–125_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac1988124–125-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Cominform published its Resolution on the KPJ on 28 June exposing the conflict and criticising the KPJ for anti-Sovietism and ideological errors, lack of democracy in the party, and an inability to accept criticism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac1988125–126_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac1988125–126-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, the Cominform accused the KPJ of opposing the parties within the organisation, splitting from the united socialist front, betraying international solidarity of the working people, and assuming a nationalist posture. Finally, the KPJ was declared outside the Cominform. The resolution claimed there were "healthy" members of the KPJ whose loyalty would be measured by their readiness to overthrow Tito and his leadership—expecting this to be achieved solely because of Stalin's charisma. Stalin expected the KPJ to back down, sacrifice the "dubious Marxists", and realign itself with him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac1988125–126_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac1988125–126-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Informbiro_period" title="Informbiro period">Informbiro period</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Goli_otok.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of a small rocky island at a short distance from the mainland shore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Goli_otok.jpg/220px-Goli_otok.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Goli_otok.jpg/330px-Goli_otok.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Goli_otok.jpg/440px-Goli_otok.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="530" /></a><figcaption>A prison camp was built on the <a href="/wiki/Goli_Otok" title="Goli Otok">Goli Otok</a> to detain people convicted of supporting Stalin after the split from the Soviet Union.</figcaption></figure> <p>Faced with the choice of resisting or submitting to Stalin, Tito chose the former, likely counting on the KPJ's wide organic base, built through the Partisan movement, to support him. It is estimated that up to 20 percent of the KPJ's membership supported Stalin instead of Tito. The party's leadership noticed this, and it led to wide-ranging purges that went far beyond the most visible targets like Hebrang and Žujović. These purges came to be referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Informbiro_period" title="Informbiro period">Informbiro period</a>, meaning the "Cominform period". The real or perceived supporters of Stalin were termed "Cominformists" or "<i>ibeovci</i>" as a pejorative initialism based on the first two words in the official name of the Cominform—the Information Bureau of the Communist and Workers' Parties. Thousands were imprisoned, killed, or exiled.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200758–61_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200758–61-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Ranković, 51,000 people were killed, imprisoned, or sentenced to forced labour.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodward1995p._180,_note_37_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodward1995p._180,_note_37-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1949, special-purpose prison camps were built for male and female Cominformists on the uninhabited Adriatic islands of <a href="/wiki/Goli_Otok" title="Goli Otok">Goli Otok</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sveti_Grgur" title="Sveti Grgur">Sveti Grgur</a> respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac1988247–248_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac1988247–248-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._aid_to_Yugoslavia">U.S. aid to Yugoslavia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: U.S. aid to Yugoslavia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dean_G._Acheson,_U.S._Secretary_of_State.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of Dean Acheson facing the camera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Dean_G._Acheson%2C_U.S._Secretary_of_State.jpg/220px-Dean_G._Acheson%2C_U.S._Secretary_of_State.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Dean_G._Acheson%2C_U.S._Secretary_of_State.jpg/330px-Dean_G._Acheson%2C_U.S._Secretary_of_State.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Dean_G._Acheson%2C_U.S._Secretary_of_State.jpg/440px-Dean_G._Acheson%2C_U.S._Secretary_of_State.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1616" data-file-height="1696" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Dean_Acheson" title="Dean Acheson">Dean Acheson</a> recognised that it was in the United States' interest to provide aid to Tito in the early years of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Yugoslavia faced significant economic difficulties as a result of the split since its <a href="/wiki/Planned_economy" title="Planned economy">planned economy</a> had depended on unimpeded trade with the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc. Fear of war with the Soviet Union resulted in a high degree of military spending—rising to 21.4 percent of the <a href="/wiki/National_income" class="mw-redirect" title="National income">national income</a> in 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac1988131_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac1988131-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States regarded the split as an opportunity to score a <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> victory, but it employed a cautious approach, uncertain if the rift would be permanent or if Yugoslav foreign policy would change.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELees1978410–412_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELees1978410–412-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yugoslavia first requested assistance from the United States in the summer of 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELees1978411_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELees1978411-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December, Tito announced that strategic raw materials would be shipped to the West in return for increased trade.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELees1978413_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELees1978413-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 1949, the U.S. decided to provide Tito with economic assistance. In return, the U.S. demanded the cessation of Yugoslav aid to the DSE when the internal situation in Yugoslavia allowed for such a move without endangering Tito's position.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELees1978415–416_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELees1978415–416-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ultimately, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Dean_Acheson" title="Dean Acheson">Dean Acheson</a> took the position that the Yugoslav five-year plan would have to succeed if Tito was to prevail against Stalin. Acheson also argued that supporting Tito was in the interest of the United States, regardless of the nature of Tito's regime.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELees1978417–418_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELees1978417–418-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The American aid helped Yugoslavia overcome the poor harvests of 1948, 1949 and 1950,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuty1969169_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuty1969169-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but there would be almost no economic growth before 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEglin1982126_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEglin1982126-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tito also received U.S. backing in Yugoslavia's successful 1949 bid for a seat on the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodward1995p._145,_note_134_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodward1995p._145,_note_134-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> despite Soviet opposition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuty1969169_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuty1969169-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1949, the United States provided loans to Yugoslavia, increased them in 1950, and then provided large grants.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrands198741_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrands198741-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Yugoslavs initially avoided seeking military aid from the U.S., believing it would provide the Soviets with a pretext for invasion. By 1951, the Yugoslav authorities became convinced that a Soviet attack was inevitable irrespective of military aid from the West. Consequently, Yugoslavia was included in the <a href="/wiki/Mutual_Defense_Assistance_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutual Defense Assistance Program">Mutual Defense Assistance Program</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrands198746–47_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrands198746–47-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soviet_actions_and_military_coup">Soviet actions and military coup</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Soviet actions and military coup"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marshal_Tito_during_the_Second_World_War_in_Yugoslavia,_May_1944.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of a group of uniformed men posing for a photo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Marshal_Tito_during_the_Second_World_War_in_Yugoslavia%2C_May_1944.jpg/220px-Marshal_Tito_during_the_Second_World_War_in_Yugoslavia%2C_May_1944.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Marshal_Tito_during_the_Second_World_War_in_Yugoslavia%2C_May_1944.jpg/330px-Marshal_Tito_during_the_Second_World_War_in_Yugoslavia%2C_May_1944.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Marshal_Tito_during_the_Second_World_War_in_Yugoslavia%2C_May_1944.jpg/440px-Marshal_Tito_during_the_Second_World_War_in_Yugoslavia%2C_May_1944.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="786" /></a><figcaption>Protagonists of the split cooperated closely at Tito's wartime headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Drvar" title="Drvar">Drvar</a> in 1944, days before <a href="/wiki/Operation_R%C3%B6sselsprung_(1944)" title="Operation Rösselsprung (1944)">Operation Rösselsprung</a>: Tito (furthest right), <a href="/wiki/Sreten_%C5%BDujovi%C4%87" title="Sreten Žujović">Žujović</a> (next to Tito), <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Kardelj" title="Edvard Kardelj">Kardelj</a> (centre), and <a href="/wiki/Arso_Jovanovi%C4%87" title="Arso Jovanović">Jovanović</a> (far left in the background)</figcaption></figure> <p>When the conflict became public in 1948, Stalin embarked upon a propaganda campaign against Tito.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200733_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200733-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Soviet Union's allies blockaded their borders with Yugoslavia; there were 7,877 <a href="/wiki/Border_incident" title="Border incident">border incidents</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac1988130_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac1988130-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1953, Soviet or Soviet-backed incursions had resulted in the deaths of 27 Yugoslav security personnel.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac1988228_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac1988228-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is unclear whether the Soviets planned any military intervention against Yugoslavia after the split. Hungarian Major General <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Kir%C3%A1ly" title="Béla Király">Béla Király</a>, who defected to the United States in 1956, claimed that such plans existed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović2007note_120_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović2007note_120-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later research by Hungarian historian László Ritter disputed Király's claim.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMehta2011note_111_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMehta2011note_111-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ritter based his opinion on the absence of any former Soviet or Warsaw Pact archival material documenting such plans, adding that the Soviet and Hungarian armies made plans expecting an attack by the Western allies through Yugoslavia, potentially supported by Yugoslav forces. A major component of those preparations was the construction of large-scale fortifications along the Hungarian–Yugoslav border.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELakovićTasić2016116_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELakovićTasić2016116-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Yugoslavs believed that a Soviet invasion was likely or imminent and made defensive plans accordingly.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200758–59_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200758–59-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A message Stalin sent to <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Czechoslovak President">Czechoslovak President</a> <a href="/wiki/Klement_Gottwald" title="Klement Gottwald">Klement Gottwald</a> shortly after the June 1948 Cominform meeting suggests that Stalin's objective was to isolate Yugoslavia—thereby causing its decline—instead of toppling Tito.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200760_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200760-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an effort to discredit Tito, the Soviets helped Bulgaria establish three intelligence operations posts along the country's border with Yugoslavia – in <a href="/wiki/Vidin" title="Vidin">Vidin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slivnitsa" title="Slivnitsa">Slivnitsa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dupnitsa" title="Dupnitsa">Dupnitsa</a>. Their purpose was to establish channels for the distribution of propaganda materials against Tito and maintain connections with Cominform supporters in Yugoslavia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELakovićTasić2016116–117_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELakovićTasić2016116–117-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also possible Stalin was dissuaded from intervening by the United States' response to the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> in 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006199–200_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006199–200-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the immediate aftermath of the split, there was at least one failed attempt at a Yugoslav <a href="/wiki/Military_coup" class="mw-redirect" title="Military coup">military coup</a> supported by the Soviets. It was headed by the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_General_Staff_(Yugoslavia)" title="Chief of the General Staff (Yugoslavia)">Chief of the General Staff</a>, Colonel General <a href="/wiki/Arso_Jovanovi%C4%87" title="Arso Jovanović">Arso Jovanović</a>, Major General <a href="/w/index.php?title=Branko_Petri%C4%8Devi%C4%87_Kadja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Branko Petričević Kadja (page does not exist)">Branko Petričević Kadja</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%9B" class="extiw" title="sr:Бранко Петричевић">sr</a>]</span>, and Colonel <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Dap%C4%8Devi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladimir Dapčević">Vladimir Dapčević</a>. The plot was foiled and border guards killed Jovanović near <a href="/wiki/Vr%C5%A1ac" title="Vršac">Vršac</a> while he was attempting to flee to Romania. Petričević was arrested in Belgrade and Dapčević was arrested just as he was about to cross the Hungarian border.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac1988129–130_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac1988129–130-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1952, the Soviet <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_State_Security_(Soviet_Union)" title="Ministry of State Security (Soviet Union)">Ministry of State Security</a> planned to assassinate Tito with a <a href="/wiki/Biological_agent" title="Biological agent">biological agent</a> and a poison codenamed Scavenger, but Stalin died in 1953, before the plot could be implemented.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006200_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006200-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJennings2017251_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJennings2017251-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc_politics" title="Eastern Bloc politics">Eastern Bloc politics</a>, the split with Yugoslavia led to the denunciation and prosecution of alleged <a href="/wiki/Titoism" title="Titoism">Titoists</a>, designed to strengthen Stalin's control over the bloc's communist parties. They resulted in <a href="/wiki/Show_trials" class="mw-redirect" title="Show trials">show trials</a> of high-ranking officials such as Xoxe, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD" title="Rudolf Slánský">Rudolf Slánský</a>, Hungarian interior and foreign minister <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Rajk" title="László Rajk">László Rajk</a>, and General Secretary of the Bulgarian Workers' Party Central Committee, <a href="/wiki/Traicho_Kostov" title="Traicho Kostov">Traicho Kostov</a>. Furthermore, Albania and Bulgaria turned away from Yugoslavia and aligned themselves entirely with the Soviet Union.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200761–62_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200761–62-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Irrespective of the DSE's reliance on Yugoslavia, the KKE also sided with the Cominform,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac1988138_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac1988138-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> declaring its support for Yugoslavia's fragmentation and the independence of Macedonia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJudt2005505_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJudt2005505-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 1949, Yugoslavia cut off support to the Greek guerrillas and the DSE collapsed almost immediately.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJudt2005141_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJudt2005141-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac1988138_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac1988138-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De-satellization_of_the_Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="De-satellization of the Socialist Republic of Romania">De-satellization of the Socialist Republic of Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De-Stalinization" title="De-Stalinization">De-Stalinization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split" title="Sino-Soviet split">Sino-Soviet split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian%E2%80%93Soviet_split" title="Albanian–Soviet split">Albanian–Soviet split</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbo-Croatian language">Serbo-Croatian</a>: <i lang="sh">Raskol Tito–Staljin</i>, <span title="Serbo-Croatian-language text"><span lang="sh">Раскол Тито–Стаљин</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Советско-югославский конфликт</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Sovetsko-i͡ugoslavskiĭ konflikt</i></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac19884-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac19884_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac19884_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac1988">Banac 1988</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac19884–5-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac19884–5_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac1988">Banac 1988</a>, pp. 4–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac19886–7-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac19886–7_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac1988">Banac 1988</a>, pp. 6–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac19889-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac19889_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac1988">Banac 1988</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198810-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198810_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198810_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac1988">Banac 1988</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001142-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001142_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198812-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198812_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac1988">Banac 1988</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds2006270–271-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds2006270–271_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReynolds2006">Reynolds 2006</a>, pp. 270–271.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198815-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198815_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac1988">Banac 1988</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds2006274–275-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds2006274–275_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReynolds2006">Reynolds 2006</a>, pp. 274–275.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198817-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198817_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198817_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac1988">Banac 1988</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001759-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001759_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001759_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 759.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJudt2005141–142-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJudt2005141–142_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJudt2005">Judt 2005</a>, pp. 141–142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJudt2005130–132-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJudt2005130–132_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJudt2005">Judt 2005</a>, pp. 130–132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200759-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200759_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerović2007">Perović 2007</a>, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200761-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200761_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerović2007">Perović 2007</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcClellan1969128-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcClellan1969128_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcClellan1969">McClellan 1969</a>, p. 128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZiemke1968375–377-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZiemke1968375–377_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZiemke1968">Ziemke 1968</a>, pp. 375–377.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198814-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198814_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac1988">Banac 1988</a>, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJosipovič201240–42-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJosipovič201240–42_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJosipovič2012">Josipovič 2012</a>, pp. 40–42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200736–37-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200736–37_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerović2007">Perović 2007</a>, pp. 36–37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006176-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006176_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006176_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, p. 176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac2008xl-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac2008xl_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac2008">Banac 2008</a>, p. xl.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlemenčićSchofield200112–13-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlemenčićSchofield200112–13_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKlemenčićSchofield2001">Klemenčić & Schofield 2001</a>, pp. 12–13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006173-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006173_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, p. 173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJudt2005142-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJudt2005142_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJudt2005">Judt 2005</a>, p. 142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJennings2017239–240-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJennings2017239–240_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJennings2017">Jennings 2017</a>, pp. 239–240.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200742–43-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200742–43_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerović2007">Perović 2007</a>, pp. 42–43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac1988219-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac1988219_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac1988">Banac 1988</a>, p. 219.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200743–44-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200743–44_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200743–44_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerović2007">Perović 2007</a>, pp. 43–44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKane201476-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKane201476_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKane2014">Kane 2014</a>, p. 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200752-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200752_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerović2007">Perović 2007</a>, p. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJudt2005143-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJudt2005143_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJudt2005">Judt 2005</a>, p. 143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200740-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200740_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerović2007">Perović 2007</a>, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200757-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200757_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200757_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200757_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerović2007">Perović 2007</a>, p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200746–47-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200746–47_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerović2007">Perović 2007</a>, pp. 46–47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200747–48-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200747–48_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerović2007">Perović 2007</a>, pp. 47–48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200745–46-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200745–46_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200745–46_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200745–46_40-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerović2007">Perović 2007</a>, pp. 45–46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006174-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006174_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, p. 174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELulushi2014121–122-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELulushi2014121–122_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLulushi2014">Lulushi 2014</a>, pp. 121–122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETheotokis2020142-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheotokis2020142_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTheotokis2020">Theotokis 2020</a>, p. 142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović2007note_92-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović2007note_92_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerović2007">Perović 2007</a>, note 92.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200748–49-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200748–49_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerović2007">Perović 2007</a>, pp. 48–49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198831–32-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198831–32_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac1988">Banac 1988</a>, pp. 31–32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200750–52-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200750–52_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerović2007">Perović 2007</a>, pp. 50–52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198841-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198841_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198841_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac1988">Banac 1988</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198832–33-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198832–33_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac1988">Banac 1988</a>, pp. 32–33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198841–42-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198841–42_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac1988">Banac 1988</a>, pp. 41–42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200755-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200755_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerović2007">Perović 2007</a>, p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200756-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200756_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerović2007">Perović 2007</a>, p. 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198842-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198842_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198842_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac1988">Banac 1988</a>, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELees1978408-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELees1978408_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLees1978">Lees 1978</a>, p. 408.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198843-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198843_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198843_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac1988">Banac 1988</a>, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200758-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200758_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerović2007">Perović 2007</a>, p. 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac198843–45-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac198843–45_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac1988">Banac 1988</a>, pp. 43–45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006177-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006177_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, p. 177.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac1988117–118-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac1988117–118_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac1988">Banac 1988</a>, pp. 117–118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac1988119–120-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac1988119–120_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac1988">Banac 1988</a>, pp. 119–120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac1988123-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac1988123_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac1988">Banac 1988</a>, p. 123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac1988124-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac1988124_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac1988">Banac 1988</a>, p. 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac1988124–125-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac1988124–125_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac1988">Banac 1988</a>, pp. 124–125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac1988125–126-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac1988125–126_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac1988125–126_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac1988">Banac 1988</a>, pp. 125–126.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200758–61-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200758–61_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerović2007">Perović 2007</a>, pp. 58–61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodward1995p._180,_note_37-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodward1995p._180,_note_37_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoodward1995">Woodward 1995</a>, p. 180, note 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac1988247–248-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac1988247–248_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac1988">Banac 1988</a>, pp. 247–248.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac1988131-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac1988131_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac1988">Banac 1988</a>, p. 131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELees1978410–412-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELees1978410–412_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLees1978">Lees 1978</a>, pp. 410–412.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELees1978411-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELees1978411_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLees1978">Lees 1978</a>, p. 411.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELees1978413-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELees1978413_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLees1978">Lees 1978</a>, p. 413.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELees1978415–416-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELees1978415–416_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLees1978">Lees 1978</a>, pp. 415–416.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELees1978417–418-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELees1978417–418_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLees1978">Lees 1978</a>, pp. 417–418.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuty1969169-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuty1969169_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuty1969169_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAuty1969">Auty 1969</a>, p. 169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEglin1982126-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEglin1982126_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEglin1982">Eglin 1982</a>, p. 126.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodward1995p._145,_note_134-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodward1995p._145,_note_134_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoodward1995">Woodward 1995</a>, p. 145, note 134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrands198741-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrands198741_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrands1987">Brands 1987</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrands198746–47-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrands198746–47_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrands1987">Brands 1987</a>, pp. 46–47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200733-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200733_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerović2007">Perović 2007</a>, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac1988130-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac1988130_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac1988">Banac 1988</a>, p. 130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac1988228-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac1988228_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac1988">Banac 1988</a>, p. 228.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović2007note_120-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović2007note_120_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerović2007">Perović 2007</a>, note 120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMehta2011note_111-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMehta2011note_111_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMehta2011">Mehta 2011</a>, note 111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELakovićTasić2016116-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELakovićTasić2016116_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLakovićTasić2016">Laković & Tasić 2016</a>, p. 116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200758–59-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200758–59_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerović2007">Perović 2007</a>, pp. 58–59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200760-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200760_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerović2007">Perović 2007</a>, p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELakovićTasić2016116–117-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELakovićTasić2016116–117_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLakovićTasić2016">Laković & Tasić 2016</a>, pp. 116–117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006199–200-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006199–200_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, pp. 199–200.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac1988129–130-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac1988129–130_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac1988">Banac 1988</a>, pp. 129–130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006200-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006200_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, p. 200.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJennings2017251-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJennings2017251_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJennings2017">Jennings 2017</a>, p. 251.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerović200761–62-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerović200761–62_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerović2007">Perović 2007</a>, pp. 61–62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac1988138-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac1988138_93-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac1988138_93-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac1988">Banac 1988</a>, p. 138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJudt2005505-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJudt2005505_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJudt2005">Judt 2005</a>, p. 505.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJudt2005141-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJudt2005141_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJudt2005">Judt 2005</a>, p. 141.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAuty1969" class="citation book cs1">Auty, Phyllis (1969). "Yugoslavia's International Relations (1945–1965)". In <a href="/wiki/Wayne_S._Vucinich" title="Wayne S. Vucinich">Vucinich, Wayne S.</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kVXuDwAAQBAJ"><i>Contemporary Yugoslavia: Twenty Years of Socialist Experiment</i></a>. Berkeley, California: <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. pp. 154–202. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-33110-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-33110-5"><bdi>978-0-520-33110-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Yugoslavia%27s+International+Relations+%281945%E2%80%931965%29&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Yugoslavia%3A+Twenty+Years+of+Socialist+Experiment&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+California&rft.pages=154-202&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=978-0-520-33110-5&rft.aulast=Auty&rft.aufirst=Phyllis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkVXuDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATito%E2%80%93Stalin+split" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanac1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ivo_Banac" title="Ivo Banac">Banac, Ivo</a> (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_C1zDwAAQBAJ"><i>With Stalin against Tito: Cominformist Splits in Yugoslav Communism</i></a>. Ithaca, New York: <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8014-2186-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8014-2186-1"><bdi>0-8014-2186-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=With+Stalin+against+Tito%3A+Cominformist+Splits+in+Yugoslav+Communism&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-8014-2186-1&rft.aulast=Banac&rft.aufirst=Ivo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_C1zDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATito%E2%80%93Stalin+split" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanac2008" class="citation book cs1">Banac, Ivo (2008). "Introduction". In Banac, Ivo (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FmwnBTggMssC"><i>The Diary of Georgi Dimitrov, 1933–1949</i></a>. New Haven: <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. pp. xv–xlviii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-13385-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-13385-1"><bdi>978-0-300-13385-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=The+Diary+of+Georgi+Dimitrov%2C+1933%E2%80%931949&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pages=xv-xlviii&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-300-13385-1&rft.aulast=Banac&rft.aufirst=Ivo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFmwnBTggMssC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATito%E2%80%93Stalin+split" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEglin1982" class="citation book cs1">Eglin, Darrel R. (1982). "The Economy". In Nyrop, Richard F. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uva.x001436092&view=1up&seq=1"><i>Yugoslavia, a Country Study</i></a>. Area handbook series (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: <a href="/wiki/U.S._Government_Printing_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Government Printing Office">U.S. Government Printing Office</a>. pp. 113–168. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/82011632">82011632</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Economy&rft.btitle=Yugoslavia%2C+a+Country+Study&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=Area+handbook+series&rft.pages=113-168&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F82011632&rft.aulast=Eglin&rft.aufirst=Darrel+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Duva.x001436092%26view%3D1up%26seq%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATito%E2%80%93Stalin+split" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJennings2017" class="citation book cs1">Jennings, Christian (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p84vDgAAQBAJ"><i>Flashpoint Trieste: The First Battle of the Cold War</i></a>. London, UK: <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5126-0172-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5126-0172-5"><bdi>978-1-5126-0172-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flashpoint+Trieste%3A+The+First+Battle+of+the+Cold+War&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-5126-0172-5&rft.aulast=Jennings&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp84vDgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATito%E2%80%93Stalin+split" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJudt2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Judt" title="Tony Judt">Judt, Tony</a> (2005). <i><a href="/wiki/Postwar:_A_History_of_Europe_Since_1945" title="Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945">Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945</a></i>. New York, New York: <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Penguin Press">Penguin Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59420-065-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-59420-065-3"><bdi>1-59420-065-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Postwar%3A+A+History+of+Europe+Since+1945&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Penguin+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-59420-065-3&rft.aulast=Judt&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATito%E2%80%93Stalin+split" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKane2014" class="citation book cs1">Kane, Robert B. (2014). "Corfu Channel Incident, 1946". In Hall, Richard C. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wy3TBAAAQBAJ"><i>War in the Balkans</i></a> (2nd ed.). Santa Barbara, California: <a href="/wiki/ABC-Clio" title="ABC-Clio">ABC-Clio</a>. pp. 76–77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-030-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-030-0"><bdi>978-1-61069-030-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Corfu+Channel+Incident%2C+1946&rft.btitle=War+in+the+Balkans&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+California&rft.pages=76-77&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=ABC-Clio&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-61069-030-0&rft.aulast=Kane&rft.aufirst=Robert+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dwy3TBAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATito%E2%80%93Stalin+split" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlemenčićSchofield2001" class="citation book cs1">Klemenčić, Mladen; Schofield, Clive H. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DpcBX2eH0LYC"><i>War and Peace on the Danube: The Evolution of the Croatia-Serbia Boundary</i></a>. Durham, UK: <a href="/wiki/International_Boundaries_Research_Unit" title="International Boundaries Research Unit">International Boundaries Research Unit</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-897643-41-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-897643-41-9"><bdi>978-1-897643-41-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+and+Peace+on+the+Danube%3A+The+Evolution+of+the+Croatia-Serbia+Boundary&rft.place=Durham%2C+UK&rft.pub=International+Boundaries+Research+Unit&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-897643-41-9&rft.aulast=Klemen%C4%8Di%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Mladen&rft.au=Schofield%2C+Clive+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDpcBX2eH0LYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATito%E2%80%93Stalin+split" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLakovićTasić2016" class="citation book cs1">Laković, Ivan; Tasić, Dmitar (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dmu2DAAAQBAJ"><i>The Tito–Stalin Split and Yugoslavia's Military Opening toward the West, 1950–1954: In NATO's Backyard</i></a>. Lanham, Maryland: <a href="/wiki/Lexington_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Lexington Books">Lexington Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4985-3934-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4985-3934-0"><bdi>978-1-4985-3934-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tito%E2%80%93Stalin+Split+and+Yugoslavia%27s+Military+Opening+toward+the+West%2C+1950%E2%80%931954%3A+In+NATO%27s+Backyard&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4985-3934-0&rft.aulast=Lakovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Ivan&rft.au=Tasi%C4%87%2C+Dmitar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ddmu2DAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATito%E2%80%93Stalin+split" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLulushi2014" class="citation book cs1">Lulushi, Albert (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gXvoBAAAQBAJ"><i>Operation Valuable Fiend: The CIA's First Paramilitary Strike Against the Iron Curtain</i></a>. New York City, New York: <a href="/wiki/Skyhorse_Publishing" title="Skyhorse Publishing">Skyhorse Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62872-394-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62872-394-6"><bdi>978-1-62872-394-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Operation+Valuable+Fiend%3A+The+CIA%27s+First+Paramilitary+Strike+Against+the+Iron+Curtain&rft.place=New+York+City%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Skyhorse+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-62872-394-6&rft.aulast=Lulushi&rft.aufirst=Albert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgXvoBAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATito%E2%80%93Stalin+split" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcClellan1969" class="citation book cs1">McClellan, Woodford (1969). "Postwar Political Evolution". In Vucinich, Wayne S. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kVXuDwAAQBAJ"><i>Contemporary Yugoslavia: Twenty Years of Socialist Experiment</i></a>. Berkeley, California: <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. pp. 119–153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-33110-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-33110-5"><bdi>978-0-520-33110-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Postwar+Political+Evolution&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Yugoslavia%3A+Twenty+Years+of+Socialist+Experiment&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+California&rft.pages=119-153&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=978-0-520-33110-5&rft.aulast=McClellan&rft.aufirst=Woodford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkVXuDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATito%E2%80%93Stalin+split" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamet2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sabrina_P._Ramet" title="Sabrina P. Ramet">Ramet, Sabrina P.</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FTw3lEqi2-oC"><i>The Three Yugoslavias: State-building and Legitimation, 1918–2005</i></a>. Bloomington, Indiana: <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Press" title="Indiana University Press">Indiana University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34656-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34656-8"><bdi>978-0-253-34656-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Three+Yugoslavias%3A+State-building+and+Legitimation%2C+1918%E2%80%932005&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+Indiana&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-253-34656-8&rft.aulast=Ramet&rft.aufirst=Sabrina+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFTw3lEqi2-oC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATito%E2%80%93Stalin+split" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Reynolds_(historian)" title="David Reynolds (historian)">Reynolds, David</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4PTzicJt3MwC"><i>From World War to Cold War: Churchill, Roosevelt, and the International History of the 1940s</i></a>. Oxford, UK: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-928411-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-928411-5"><bdi>978-0-19-928411-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+World+War+to+Cold+War%3A+Churchill%2C+Roosevelt%2C+and+the+International+History+of+the+1940s&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-928411-5&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4PTzicJt3MwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATito%E2%80%93Stalin+split" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTheotokis2020" class="citation book cs1">Theotokis, Nikolaos (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rLLfDwAAQBAJ"><i>Airborne Landing to Air Assault: A History of Military Parachuting</i></a>. Barnsley, UK: <a href="/wiki/Pen_and_Sword_Military" class="mw-redirect" title="Pen and Sword Military">Pen and Sword Military</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5267-4702-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5267-4702-0"><bdi>978-1-5267-4702-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Airborne+Landing+to+Air+Assault%3A+A+History+of+Military+Parachuting&rft.place=Barnsley%2C+UK&rft.pub=Pen+and+Sword+Military&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-5267-4702-0&rft.aulast=Theotokis&rft.aufirst=Nikolaos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrLLfDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATito%E2%80%93Stalin+split" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomasevich2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jozo_Tomasevich" title="Jozo Tomasevich">Tomasevich, Jozo</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fqUSGevFe5MC"><i>War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: Occupation and Collaboration</i></a>. Stanford, California: <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Press" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-0857-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-0857-9"><bdi>978-0-8047-0857-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+and+Revolution+in+Yugoslavia%2C+1941%E2%80%931945%3A+Occupation+and+Collaboration&rft.place=Stanford%2C+California&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-0857-9&rft.aulast=Tomasevich&rft.aufirst=Jozo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfqUSGevFe5MC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATito%E2%80%93Stalin+split" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodward1995" class="citation book cs1">Woodward, Susan L. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o2UoAKmG14EC"><i>Socialist Unemployment: The Political Economy of Yugoslavia, 1945–1990</i></a>. Princeton, New Jersey: <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-08645-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-08645-1"><bdi>0-691-08645-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Socialist+Unemployment%3A+The+Political+Economy+of+Yugoslavia%2C+1945%E2%80%931990&rft.place=Princeton%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-691-08645-1&rft.aulast=Woodward&rft.aufirst=Susan+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do2UoAKmG14EC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATito%E2%80%93Stalin+split" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZiemke1968" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Earl_F._Ziemke" title="Earl F. Ziemke">Ziemke, Earl F.</a> (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qSl1AAAAIAAJ"><i>Stalingrad to Berlin: The German Defeat in the East</i></a>. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Center_of_Military_History" title="United States Army Center of Military History">United States Army Center of Military History</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88029-059-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88029-059-3"><bdi>978-0-88029-059-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/67-60001">67-60001</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stalingrad+to+Berlin%3A+The+German+Defeat+in+the+East&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=United+States+Army+Center+of+Military+History&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F67-60001&rft.isbn=978-0-88029-059-3&rft.aulast=Ziemke&rft.aufirst=Earl+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqSl1AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATito%E2%80%93Stalin+split" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Journals">Journals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Journals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrands1987" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/H._W._Brands" title="H. W. Brands">Brands, Henry W. Jr</a> (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24911740">"Redefining the Cold War: American Policy toward Yugoslavia, 1948–60"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_History_(journal)" title="Diplomatic History (journal)">Diplomatic History</a></i>. <b>11</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>: 41–53. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-7709.1987.tb00003.x">10.1111/j.1467-7709.1987.tb00003.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0145-2096">0145-2096</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24911740">24911740</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diplomatic+History&rft.atitle=Redefining+the+Cold+War%3A+American+Policy+toward+Yugoslavia%2C+1948%E2%80%9360&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=41-53&rft.date=1987&rft.issn=0145-2096&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24911740%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-7709.1987.tb00003.x&rft.aulast=Brands&rft.aufirst=Henry+W.+Jr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24911740&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATito%E2%80%93Stalin+split" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJosipovič2012" class="citation journal cs1">Josipovič, Damir (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrcak.srce.hr/84929">"Slovenian–Croatian Boundary: Backgrounds of Boundary-Making and Boundary-Breaking in Istria Regarding the Contemporary Boundary Dispute"</a>. <i>Geoadria</i>. <b>17</b> (1). Zadar: Croatian Geographic Society, Geography Department of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Zadar" title="University of Zadar">University of Zadar</a>: 25–43. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15291%2Fgeoadria.236">10.15291/geoadria.236</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1331-2294">1331-2294</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geoadria&rft.atitle=Slovenian%E2%80%93Croatian+Boundary%3A+Backgrounds+of+Boundary-Making+and+Boundary-Breaking+in+Istria+Regarding+the+Contemporary+Boundary+Dispute&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=25-43&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15291%2Fgeoadria.236&rft.issn=1331-2294&rft.aulast=Josipovi%C4%8D&rft.aufirst=Damir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2F84929&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATito%E2%80%93Stalin+split" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLees1978" class="citation journal cs1">Lees, Lorraine M. (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24910127">"The American Decision to Assist Tito, 1948–1949"</a>. <i>Diplomatic History</i>. <b>2</b> (4). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>: 407–422. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-7709.1978.tb00445.x">10.1111/j.1467-7709.1978.tb00445.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0145-2096">0145-2096</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24910127">24910127</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diplomatic+History&rft.atitle=The+American+Decision+to+Assist+Tito%2C+1948%E2%80%931949&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=407-422&rft.date=1978&rft.issn=0145-2096&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24910127%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-7709.1978.tb00445.x&rft.aulast=Lees&rft.aufirst=Lorraine+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24910127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATito%E2%80%93Stalin+split" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMehta2011" class="citation journal cs1">Mehta, Coleman (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26923606">"The CIA Confronts the Tito-Stalin Split, 1948–1951"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Cold_War_Studies" title="Journal of Cold War Studies">Journal of Cold War Studies</a></i>. <b>13</b> (1). Cambridge, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/MIT_Press" title="MIT Press">MIT Press</a>: 101–145. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1162%2FJCWS_a_00070">10.1162/JCWS_a_00070</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1520-3972">1520-3972</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26923606">26923606</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:57560689">57560689</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cold+War+Studies&rft.atitle=The+CIA+Confronts+the+Tito-Stalin+Split%2C+1948%E2%80%931951&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=101-145&rft.date=2011&rft.issn=1520-3972&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A57560689%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26923606%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1162%2FJCWS_a_00070&rft.aulast=Mehta&rft.aufirst=Coleman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26923606&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATito%E2%80%93Stalin+split" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerović2007" class="citation journal cs1">Perović, Jeronim (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/62735/">"The Tito–Stalin Split: A Reassessment in Light of New Evidence"</a>. <i>Journal of Cold War Studies</i>. <b>9</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/MIT_Press" title="MIT Press">MIT Press</a>: 32–63. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5167%2Fuzh-62735">10.5167/uzh-62735</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1520-3972">1520-3972</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cold+War+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Tito%E2%80%93Stalin+Split%3A+A+Reassessment+in+Light+of+New+Evidence&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=32-63&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5167%2Fuzh-62735&rft.issn=1520-3972&rft.aulast=Perovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Jeronim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zora.uzh.ch%2Fid%2Feprint%2F62735%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATito%E2%80%93Stalin+split" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Banac, Ivo (1995). "The Tito–Stalin Split and the Greek Civil War". In Iatrides, John O.; Wrigley, Linda (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vv1t3D_3vjkC"><i>Greece at the Crossroads: The Civil War and Its Legacy</i></a>. University Park, Pennsylvania: <a href="/wiki/Penn_State_University_Press" title="Penn State University Press">Penn State University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-271-02568-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-271-02568-1"><bdi>978-0-271-02568-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Tito%E2%80%93Stalin+Split+and+the+Greek+Civil+War&rft.btitle=Greece+at+the+Crossroads%3A+The+Civil+War+and+Its+Legacy&rft.place=University+Park%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pub=Penn+State+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-271-02568-1&rft.aulast=Banac&rft.aufirst=Ivo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVv1t3D_3vjkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATito%E2%80%93Stalin+split" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ljubodrag_Dimi%C4%87" title="Ljubodrag Dimić">Dimić, Ljubodrag</a> (2011). "Yugoslav-Soviet Relations: The View of the Western Diplomats (1944–1946)". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gyyCMwEACAAJ"><i>The Balkans in the Cold War: Balkan Federations, Cominform, Yugoslav-Soviet Conflict</i></a>. Belgrade, Serbia: <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Balkan_Studies_(Serbia)" title="Institute for Balkan Studies (Serbia)">Institute for Balkan Studies</a>. pp. 109–140. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-86-7179-073-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-86-7179-073-4"><bdi>978-86-7179-073-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Yugoslav-Soviet+Relations%3A+The+View+of+the+Western+Diplomats+%281944%E2%80%931946%29&rft.btitle=The+Balkans+in+the+Cold+War%3A+Balkan+Federations%2C+Cominform%2C+Yugoslav-Soviet+Conflict&rft.place=Belgrade%2C+Serbia&rft.pages=109-140&rft.pub=Institute+for+Balkan+Studies&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-86-7179-073-4&rft.aulast=Dimi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Ljubodrag&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgyyCMwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATito%E2%80%93Stalin+split" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Karchmar, Lucien (1982). "The Tito-Stalin Split in Soviet and Yugoslav Historiography". In <a href="/wiki/Wayne_S._Vucinich" title="Wayne S. Vucinich">Vucinich, Wayne S.</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eBi5AAAAIAAJ"><i>At the Brink of War and Peace: The Tito-Stalin Split in a Historic Perspective</i></a>. New York, New York: Brooklyn College Press. pp. 253–271. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-914710-98-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-914710-98-1"><bdi>978-0-914710-98-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Tito-Stalin+Split+in+Soviet+and+Yugoslav+Historiography&rft.btitle=At+the+Brink+of+War+and+Peace%3A+The+Tito-Stalin+Split+in+a+Historic+Perspective&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pages=253-271&rft.pub=Brooklyn+College+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-914710-98-1&rft.aulast=Karchmar&rft.aufirst=Lucien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeBi5AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATito%E2%80%93Stalin+split" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Stokes, Gale, ed. (1996). "The Expulsion of Yugoslavia". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lAfc8Xw-p30C"><i>From Stalinism to Pluralism: A Documentary History of Eastern Europe Since 1945</i></a> (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-509446-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-509446-6"><bdi>978-0-19-509446-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Expulsion+of+Yugoslavia&rft.btitle=From+Stalinism+to+Pluralism%3A+A+Documentary+History+of+Eastern+Europe+Since+1945&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-19-509446-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlAfc8Xw-p30C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATito%E2%80%93Stalin+split" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_West_(journalist)" title="Richard West (journalist)">West, Richard</a> (1994). "The Quarrel with Stalin". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J34leeCdXFQC"><i>Tito: And the Rise and Fall of Yugoslavia</i></a>. London, UK: <a href="/wiki/Faber_and_Faber" class="mw-redirect" title="Faber and Faber">Faber and Faber</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-571-28110-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-571-28110-7"><bdi>978-0-571-28110-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Quarrel+with+Stalin&rft.btitle=Tito%3A+And+the+Rise+and+Fall+of+Yugoslavia&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Faber+and+Faber&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-571-28110-7&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ34leeCdXFQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATito%E2%80%93Stalin+split" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> Works related to <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Resolution_of_the_Information_Bureau_Concerning_the_Communist_Party_of_Yugoslavia" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Resolution of the Information Bureau Concerning the Communist Party of Yugoslavia">Resolution of the Information Bureau Concerning the Communist Party of Yugoslavia</a> at Wikisource </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Yugoslavia_topics" title="Template:Yugoslavia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yugoslavia_topics" title="Template talk:Yugoslavia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yugoslavia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yugoslavia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Yugoslavia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Yugoslavia" title="Timeline of Yugoslavia">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creation_of_Yugoslavia" title="Creation of Yugoslavia">Creation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/6_January_Dictatorship" title="6 January Dictatorship">6 January Dictatorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_regency" title="Yugoslav regency">Yugoslav regency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Partisans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetniks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Ustaše</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_offensive" title="Belgrade offensive">Belgrade offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">SFR Yugoslavia</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tito–Stalin split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informbiro_period" title="Informbiro period">Informbiro period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Pact_(1953)" title="Balkan Pact (1953)">Balkan Pact</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">FR Yugoslavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_War" title="Kosovo War">Kosovo War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overthrow_of_Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević">Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavism" title="Yugoslavism">Yugoslavism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_irredentism" title="Yugoslav irredentism">Yugoslav irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Committee" title="Yugoslav Committee">Yugoslav Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugo-nostalgia" title="Yugo-nostalgia">Yugo-nostalgia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Breakup</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Template:Breakup of Yugoslavia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Template talk:Breakup of Yugoslavia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Breakup of Yugoslavia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Breakup of Yugoslavia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Breakup of Yugoslavia</a> (1991–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Timeline of the breakup of Yugoslavia">Timeline of the breakup of Yugoslavia</a> (1980–2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a> (until 1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_and_unity" title="Brotherhood and unity">Brotherhood and unity</a> (until 1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Yugoslavia" title="League of Communists of Yugoslavia">League of Communists of Yugoslavia</a> (until 1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Spring" title="Croatian Spring">Croatian Spring</a> (1967–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_protests_in_Kosovo" title="1981 protests in Kosovo">1981 protests in Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Declaration" title="Islamic Declaration">Islamic Declaration</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SANU_Memorandum" title="SANU Memorandum">SANU Memorandum</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contributions_to_the_Slovene_National_Program" title="Contributions to the Slovene National Program">Contributions to the Slovene National Program</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_Spring" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovene Spring">Slovene Spring</a> (1987–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrokomerc_Affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Agrokomerc Affair">Agrokomerc Affair</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_session_of_the_Central_Committee_of_the_League_of_Communists_of_Serbia" title="8th session of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Serbia">8th session of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Serbia</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBTZ_trial" title="JBTZ trial">JBTZ trial</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperinflation_in_the_Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperinflation in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Hyperinflation in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> (1980s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events and actors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-bureaucratic_revolution" title="Anti-bureaucratic revolution">Anti-bureaucratic revolution</a> (1988–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazimestan_speech" title="Gazimestan speech">Gazimestan speech</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Congress_of_the_League_of_Communists_of_Yugoslavia" title="14th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia">14th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Croatia" title="Independence of Croatia">Independence of Croatia</a> (1989–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_Revolution" title="Log Revolution">Log Revolution</a> (1990–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87%E2%80%93Tu%C4%91man_Kara%C4%91or%C4%91evo_meeting" title="Milošević–Tuđman Karađorđevo meeting">Milošević–Tuđman Karađorđevo meeting</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAM_Plan" title="RAM Plan">RAM Plan</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brioni_Agreement" title="Brioni Agreement">Brioni Agreement</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_the_media_in_the_breakup_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Role of the media in the breakup of Yugoslavia">Role of the media in the breakup of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbitration_Commission_of_the_Peace_Conference_on_Yugoslavia" title="Arbitration Commission of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia">Arbitration Commission of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia</a> (1991–1993)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Yugoslavian_independence_referendums" title="Template:Yugoslavian independence referendums"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yugoslavian_independence_referendums" title="Template talk:Yugoslavian independence referendums"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yugoslavian_independence_referendums" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yugoslavian independence referendums"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia&#124;link=Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia_Independence_referendums_in_Yugoslavia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia"><img alt="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> Independence referendums in Yugoslavia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Republics and provinces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_Slovenian_independence_referendum" title="1990 Slovenian independence referendum">Slovenia</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Croatian_independence_referendum" title="1991 Croatian independence referendum">Croatia</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Macedonian_independence_referendum" title="1991 Macedonian independence referendum">Macedonia</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Kosovan_independence_referendum" title="1991 Kosovan independence referendum">Kosovo</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Bosnian_independence_referendum" title="1992 Bosnian independence referendum">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Montenegrin_sovereignty_referendum" title="1992 Montenegrin sovereignty referendum">Montenegro</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Montenegrin_independence_referendum" title="2006 Montenegrin independence referendum">Montenegro</a> (2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_SAO_Krajina_autonomy_referendum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1990 SAO Krajina autonomy referendum (page does not exist)">SAO Krajina</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Sand%C5%BEak_autonomy_referendum" title="1991 Sandžak autonomy referendum">Sandžak</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Bosnian_Serb_referendum" title="1991 Bosnian Serb referendum">Srpska</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Macedonian_Albanian_autonomy_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 Macedonian Albanian autonomy referendum">Ilirida</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Eastern_Slavonia_integrity_referendum" title="1997 Eastern Slavonia integrity referendum">Eastern Slavonia</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Macedonian_autonomy_referendum" title="2004 Macedonian autonomy referendum">Macedonia</a> (2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Consequences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars" title="Yugoslav Wars">Yugoslav Wars</a> (1991-2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">Ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">Croatian War of Independence</a> (1991–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten-Day_War" title="Ten-Day War">Ten-Day War</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_War" title="Bosnian War">Bosnian War</a> (1992–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> (1992–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graz_agreement" title="Graz agreement">Graz agreement</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctions_against_the_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> (1992–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperinflation_in_the_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Hyperinflation in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Hyperinflation in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> (1992–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton_Agreement" title="Dayton Agreement">Dayton Agreement</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Criminal_Enterprise" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Criminal Enterprise">Joint Criminal Enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Sub-Regional_Arms_Control" title="Agreement on Sub-Regional Arms Control">Agreement on Sub-Regional Arms Control</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Tribunal_for_the_former_Yugoslavia" title="International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia">International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia</a> (1993–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overthrow_of_Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević">Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nationalism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Albania" title="Greater Albania">Greater Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Croatia" title="Greater Croatia">Greater Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Macedonia" title="United Macedonia">United Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Serbia" title="Greater Serbia">Greater Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Slovenia" title="United Slovenia">United Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Serbian_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Serbian sentiment">Anti-Serbian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism" title="Albanian nationalism">Albanian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosniak_nationalism" title="Bosniak nationalism">Bosniak nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_nationalism" title="Croatian nationalism">Croatian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_nationalism" title="Macedonian nationalism">Macedonian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_nationalism" title="Montenegrin nationalism">Montenegrin nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_nationalism" title="Serbian nationalism">Serbian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian%E2%80%93Montenegrin_unionism" title="Serbian–Montenegrin unionism">Serbian–Montenegrin unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_nationalism" title="Slovenian nationalism">Slovenian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavism" title="Yugoslavism">Yugoslavism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Category:Breakup of Yugoslavia">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Yugoslavia" title="Administrative divisions of Yugoslavia">Administrative divisions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Subdivisions of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Yugoslavia" title="Constitution of Yugoslavia">Constitution</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Vidovdan_Constitution" title="Vidovdan Constitution">1921</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/1931_Yugoslav_Constitution" title="1931 Yugoslav Constitution">1931</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/1946_Yugoslav_Constitution" title="1946 Yugoslav Constitution">1946</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/1953_Yugoslav_constitutional_amendments" title="1953 Yugoslav constitutional amendments">1953</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/1963_Yugoslav_Constitution" title="1963 Yugoslav Constitution">1963</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/1974_Yugoslav_Constitution" title="1974 Yugoslav Constitution">1974</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Yugoslavia" title="Elections in Yugoslavia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Executive_Council_(Yugoslavia)" title="Federal Executive Council (Yugoslavia)">Federal Executive Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Yugoslavia" title="Prime Minister of Yugoslavia">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Yugoslavia" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Yugoslavia">Deputy Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Yugoslavia" title="Foreign relations of Yugoslavia">Foreign relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_and_the_United_Nations" title="Yugoslavia and the United Nations">UN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Yugoslavia and the Non-Aligned Movement">NAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_and_the_Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Yugoslavia and the Organisation of African Unity">OAU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia%E2%80%93European_Communities_relations" title="Yugoslavia–European Communities relations">EEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_passport" title="Yugoslav passport">Passport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cabinets_of_Yugoslavia" title="List of cabinets of Yugoslavia">Governments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Yugoslavia" title="List of heads of state of Yugoslavia">Heads of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deputy_heads_of_state_of_Yugoslavia" title="List of deputy heads of state of Yugoslavia">Deputy heads of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Yugoslavia" title="Presidency of Yugoslavia">Presidency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Presidency_of_Yugoslavia" title="List of members of the Presidency of Yugoslavia">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human rights in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Yugoslavia" title="LGBT history in Yugoslavia">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Yugoslavia">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Titoism" title="Titoism">Titoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90ilasism" title="Đilasism">Đilasism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankovi%C4%87ism" title="Rankovićism">Rankovićism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Yugoslavia" title="List of political parties in Yugoslavia">Political parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Yugoslavia" title="League of Communists of Yugoslavia">League of Communists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Security_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="State Security Administration">Security</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KOS_(Yugoslavia)" class="mw-redirect" title="KOS (Yugoslavia)">counterintelligence</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Army_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Yugoslav Army (disambiguation)">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_history_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Military history of Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">History</a></li> <li>Army <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Yugoslav_Army" title="Royal Yugoslav Army"><span style="font-size:85%;">1918–1945</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_People%27s_Army" title="Yugoslav People's Army"><span style="font-size:85%;">1945–1992</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Ground_Forces" title="Yugoslav Ground Forces"><span style="font-size:85%;">Ground</span></a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Navy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Yugoslav_Navy" title="Royal Yugoslav Navy"><span style="font-size:85%;">1918–1945</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Navy" title="Yugoslav Navy"><span style="font-size:85%;">1945–1992</span></a></li></ul></li> <li>Air Force <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Yugoslav_Air_Force" title="Royal Yugoslav Air Force"><span style="font-size:85%;">1918–1945</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Air_Force" title="Yugoslav Air Force"><span style="font-size:85%;">1945–1992</span></a></li></ul></li> <li>Ranks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_ranks_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Military ranks of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia"><span style="font-size:85%;">1918–1945</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_People%27s_Army_ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugoslav People's Army ranks"><span style="font-size:85%;">1945–1992</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_Yugoslavia" title="Marshal of Yugoslavia"><span style="font-size:85%;">Marshal</span></a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Defense_(Yugoslavia)" title="Territorial Defense (Yugoslavia)">Territorial Defense</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Economy of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agriculture in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_computer_hardware_in_Yugoslavia" title="History of computer hardware in Yugoslavia">Computer systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_computer_systems_from_Yugoslavia" title="List of computer systems from Yugoslavia">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_dinar" title="Yugoslav dinar">Dinar <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Industry_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Industry of Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_krone" title="Yugoslav krone">Krone <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mining_industry_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mining industry of Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Yugoslavia" title="National Bank of Yugoslavia">National Bank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_national_banks_of_Serbia_and_Yugoslavia" title="List of governors of national banks of Serbia and Yugoslavia">governors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Yugoslavia" title="Postal codes in Yugoslavia">Postal codes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Services_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Services in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Stock_Exchange" title="Belgrade Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Telecommunications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.yu" title=".yu">Internet domain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Yugoslavia" title="Telephone numbers in Yugoslavia">Telephone numbers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourism in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transport in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Railways" title="Yugoslav Railways">Railways</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_the_Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="List of companies of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">List of companies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Yugoslavia" title="Category:Society of Yugoslavia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Yugoslavia">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Demographics of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Demographics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">SFRY</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Yugoslavia" title="Ethnic groups in Yugoslavia">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Healthcare_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Healthcare in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minorities_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minorities of Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Yugoslavia" title="Public holidays in Yugoslavia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavs" title="Yugoslavs">Yugoslavs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavs_in_Serbia" title="Yugoslavs in Serbia">in Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Canadians" title="Yugoslav Canadians">in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Americans" title="Yugoslav Americans">in the United States</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Yugoslavia" title="Languages of Yugoslavia">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_language" title="Bosnian language">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_language" title="Montenegrin language">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene <span style="font-size:85%;">(Slovenian)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Culture of Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_studies" title="Yugoslav studies">Yugoslav studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" title="Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts">Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Yugoslavia" title="Architecture of Yugoslavia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Yugoslavia" title="Art of Yugoslavia">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Yugoslavia" title="Cinema of Yugoslavia">Cinema</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yugoslav_films" title="List of Yugoslav films">films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Drama_Theatre" title="Yugoslav Drama Theatre">Drama</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Yugoslavia" title="Encyclopedia of Yugoslavia">Encyclopedia of Yugoslavia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folklore_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folklore of Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Yugoslavia" title="Music of Yugoslavia">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Yugoslav_composers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Yugoslav composers (page does not exist)">composers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_national_costume&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yugoslav national costume (page does not exist)">National costume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_philosophy" title="Yugoslav philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Religion in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Yugoslavia" title="Sport in Yugoslavia">Sport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Yugoslavia" title="Football in Yugoslavia">football</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Radio_Television" title="Yugoslav Radio Television">Yugoslav Radio Television</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Cuisine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_cuisine" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina cuisine">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_cuisine" title="Croatian cuisine">Croatian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_wine" title="Croatian wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_cuisine" title="Macedonian cuisine">Macedonian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_wine" title="Macedonian wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_cuisine" title="Montenegrin cuisine">Montenegrin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_wine" title="Montenegrin wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_cuisine" title="Serbian cuisine">Serbian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_wine" title="Serbian wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_cuisine" title="Slovenian cuisine">Slovenian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_wine" title="Slovenian wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovan_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovan cuisine">Kosovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_cuisine" title="Balkan cuisine">Balkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_European_cuisine" title="Central European cuisine">Central European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Literature of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_literature" title="Croatian literature">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Kosovo" title="Literature of Kosovo">Kosovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_literature" title="Macedonian literature">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Montenegro">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_literature" title="Serbian literature">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_literature" title="Slovene literature">Slovene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yugoslav_poets" title="List of Yugoslav poets">Poets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Anthem_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="National Anthem of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Anthem <span style="font-size:85%;">(1918–1945</span></a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Hey,_Slavs" title="Hey, Slavs">1945–1992)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Yugoslavia" title="Emblem of Yugoslavia">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Yugoslavia" title="Flag of Yugoslavia">Flag of Yugoslavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yugoslav_flags" title="List of Yugoslav flags">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_and_unity" title="Brotherhood and unity">Motto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_SFR_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of SFR Yugoslavia">Orders, decorations, and medals of SFR Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Yugoslavia" title="Category:Yugoslavia">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cold_War" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cold_War" title="Template:Cold War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cold_War" title="Template talk:Cold War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cold_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cold War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cold_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS">ANZUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Treaty_Organization" title="Central Treaty Organization">METO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Southeast Asia Treaty Organization">SEATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Northeast Asia Treaty Organization">NEATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Treaty_of_Reciprocal_Assistance" title="Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance">Rio Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1940s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morgenthau_Plan" title="Morgenthau Plan">Morgenthau Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukbalahap_rebellion" title="Hukbalahap rebellion">Hukbalahap rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_political_conflict" title="Jamaican political conflict">Jamaican political conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dekemvriana" title="Dekemvriana">Dekemvriana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_war_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Guerrilla war in the Baltic states">Guerrilla war in the Baltic states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Priboi" title="Operation Priboi">Operation <i>Priboi</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jungle" title="Operation Jungle">Operation <i>Jungle</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Occupation of the Baltic states</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursed_soldiers" title="Cursed soldiers">Cursed soldiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Unthinkable" title="Operation Unthinkable">Operation <i>Unthinkable</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouzenko_Affair" title="Gouzenko Affair">Gouzenko Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Division of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Vietnam_(1945%E2%80%931946)" title="War in Vietnam (1945–1946)">Operation <i>Masterdom</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Beleaguer" title="Operation Beleaguer">Operation <i>Beleaguer</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Blacklist_Forty" title="Operation Blacklist Forty">Operation <i>Blacklist Forty</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_crisis_of_1946" title="Iran crisis of 1946">Iran crisis of 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Plan" title="Baruch Plan">Baruch Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corfu_Channel_incident" title="Corfu Channel incident">Corfu Channel incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Straits_crisis" title="Turkish Straits crisis">Turkish Straits crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restatement_of_Policy_on_Germany" title="Restatement of Policy on Germany">Restatement of Policy on Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_Polish_parliamentary_election" title="1947 Polish parliamentary election">1947 Polish parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Doctrine" title="Truman Doctrine">Truman Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Relations_Conference" title="Asian Relations Conference">Asian Relations Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1947_crises" title="May 1947 crises">May 1947 crises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_war_of_1947%E2%80%931948" title="Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948">Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestine_war" title="1948 Palestine war">1947–1949 Palestine war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine">1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comecon" title="Comecon">Comecon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Czechoslovak_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état">1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Control_Council#Incapacitation_of_the_council" title="Allied Control Council">Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Wathbah_uprising" title="Al-Wathbah uprising">Al-Wathbah uprising</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tito–Stalin split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Blockade" title="Berlin Blockade">Berlin Blockade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Hyderabad" title="Annexation of Hyderabad">Annexation of Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madiun_Affair" title="Madiun Affair">Madiun Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_betrayal" title="Western betrayal">Western betrayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Curtain" title="Iron Curtain">Iron Curtain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Bloc" title="Western Bloc">Western Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">Chinese Communist Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1949_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="March 1949 Syrian coup d'état">March 1949 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Valuable" title="Operation Valuable">Operation Valuable</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_curtain" title="Bamboo curtain">Bamboo curtain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCarthyism" title="McCarthyism">McCarthyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Cold_War" title="Arab Cold War">Arab Cold War (1952–1979)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Egyptian_revolution" title="1952 Egyptian revolution">1952 Egyptian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Intifada_(1952)" title="Iraqi Intifada (1952)">Iraqi Intifada (1952)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mau_Mau_rebellion" title="Mau Mau rebellion">Mau Mau rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_German_uprising_of_1953" title="East German uprising of 1953">East German uprising of 1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Iranian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1953 Iranian coup d'état">1953 Iranian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pact_of_Madrid" title="Pact of Madrid">Pact of Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bricker_Amendment" title="Bricker Amendment">Bricker Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1954 Syrian coup d'état">1954 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrov_Affair" title="Petrov Affair">Petrov Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domino_theory" title="Domino theory">Domino theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Geneva_Conference" title="1954 Geneva Conference">1954 Geneva Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Guatemalan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1954 Guatemalan coup d'état">1954 Guatemalan coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_Tuapse" title="Capture of the Tuapse">Capture of the <i>Tuapse</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="First Taiwan Strait Crisis">First Taiwan Strait Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Akhdar_War" title="Jebel Akhdar War">Jebel Akhdar War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_War" title="Algerian War">Algerian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Princess" title="Kashmir Princess">Kashmir Princess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandung_Conference" title="Bandung Conference">Bandung Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Summit_(1955)" title="Geneva Summit (1955)">Geneva Summit (1955)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Emergency" title="Cyprus Emergency">Cyprus Emergency</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_the_Cult_of_Personality_and_Its_Consequences" title="On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences">On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Pozna%C5%84_protests" title="1956 Poznań protests">1956 Poznań protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungarian Revolution of 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_October" title="Polish October">Polish October</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_will_bury_you" title="We will bury you">We will bury you</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gladio" title="Operation Gladio">Operation <i>Gladio</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Crisis_of_1957" title="Syrian Crisis of 1957">Syrian Crisis of 1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_crisis" title="Sputnik crisis">Sputnik crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifni_War" title="Ifni War">Ifni War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14_July_Revolution" title="14 July Revolution">Iraqi 14 July Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Lebanon_crisis" title="1958 Lebanon crisis">1958 Lebanon crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Second Taiwan Strait Crisis">Second Taiwan Strait Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Mosul_uprising" title="1959 Mosul uprising">1959 Mosul uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Tibetan_uprising" title="1959 Tibetan uprising">1959 Tibetan uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laotian_Civil_War" title="Laotian Civil War">Laotian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_Debate" title="Kitchen Debate">Kitchen Debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolution" title="Cuban Revolution">Cuban Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidation_of_the_Cuban_Revolution" title="Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution">Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split" title="Sino-Soviet split">Sino-Soviet split</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Crisis" title="Congo Crisis">Congo Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simba_rebellion" title="Simba rebellion">Simba rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_U-2_incident" title="1960 U-2 incident">1960 U-2 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion" title="Bay of Pigs Invasion">Bay of Pigs Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1960 Turkish coup d'état">1960 Turkish coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian%E2%80%93Soviet_split" title="Albanian–Soviet split">Albanian–Soviet split</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_Soviets_from_Albania" title="Expulsion of Soviets from Albania">Expulsion of Soviets from Albania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_conflict" title="Iraqi–Kurdish conflict">Iraqi–Kurdish conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_War" title="First Iraqi–Kurdish War">First Iraqi–Kurdish War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Crisis_of_1961" title="Berlin Crisis of 1961">Berlin Crisis of 1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Goa" title="Annexation of Goa">Annexation of Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_conflict" title="Papua conflict">Papua conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_confrontation" title="Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation">Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_War" title="Sand War">Sand War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Colonial_War" title="Portuguese Colonial War">Portuguese Colonial War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_War_of_Independence" title="Angolan War of Independence">Angolan War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_War_of_Independence" title="Guinea-Bissau War of Independence">Guinea-Bissau War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_War_of_Independence" title="Mozambican War of Independence">Mozambican War of Independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Porte%C3%B1azo" title="El Porteñazo">El Porteñazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Sarawak" title="Communist insurgency in Sarawak">Communist insurgency in Sarawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan_Revolution" title="Ramadan Revolution">Ramadan Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_War_of_Independence" title="Eritrean War of Independence">Eritrean War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yemen_civil_war" title="North Yemen civil war">North Yemen civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Syrian coup d'état">1963 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">Assassination of John F. Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aden_Emergency" title="Aden Emergency">Aden Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_intercommunal_violence#Crisis_of_1963–1964" title="Cypriot intercommunal violence">Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shifta_War" title="Shifta War">Shifta War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Dirty_War" title="Mexican Dirty War">Mexican Dirty War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tlatelolco_massacre" title="Tlatelolco massacre">Tlatelolco massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_Civil_War" title="Guatemalan Civil War">Guatemalan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_conflict" title="Colombian conflict">Colombian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Brazilian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1964 Brazilian coup d'état">1964 Brazilian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Civil_War" title="Dominican Civil War">Dominican Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodesian_Bush_War" title="Rhodesian Bush War">Rhodesian Bush War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_mass_killings_of_1965%E2%80%9366" title="Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66">Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_to_the_New_Order" title="Transition to the New Order">Transition to the New Order (Indonesia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Declaration" title="ASEAN Declaration">ASEAN Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1966 Syrian coup d'état">1966 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Revolution" title="Argentine Revolution">Argentine Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Border_War" title="South African Border War">South African Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_DMZ_Conflict" title="Korean DMZ Conflict">Korean DMZ Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12-3_incident" title="12-3 incident">12-3 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_junta" title="Greek junta">Greek junta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Hong_Kong_riots" title="1967 Hong Kong riots">1967 Hong Kong riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Years_of_Lead_(Italy)" title="Years of Lead (Italy)">Years of Lead (Italy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhofar_War" title="Dhofar War">Dhofar War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Wadiah_War" title="Al-Wadiah War">Al-Wadiah War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Civil_War" title="Nigerian Civil War">Nigerian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_of_1968" title="Protests of 1968">Protests of 1968</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_68" title="May 68">May 68</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_Spring" title="Prague Spring">Prague Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Pueblo_(AGER-2)#Pueblo_incident" title="USS Pueblo (AGER-2)">USS <i>Pueblo</i> incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Polish_political_crisis" title="1968 Polish political crisis">1968 Polish political crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968%E2%80%931971_East_Pakistan_communist_insurgency" title="1968–1971 East Pakistan communist insurgency">1968–1971 East Pakistan communist insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Malaysia_(1968%E2%80%931989)" title="Communist insurgency in Malaysia (1968–1989)">Communist insurgency in Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia">Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_July_Revolution" title="17 July Revolution">17 July Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Peruvian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1968 Peruvian coup d'état">1968 Peruvian coup d'état</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Government_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_Peru" title="Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces of Peru">Revolutionary Government</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1969 Sudanese coup d'état">1969 Sudanese coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Libyan_revolution" title="1969 Libyan revolution">1969 Libyan revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goulash_Communism" title="Goulash Communism">Goulash Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_border_conflict" title="Sino-Soviet border conflict">Sino-Soviet border conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Army_rebellion" title="New People's Army rebellion">New People's Army rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tente" title="Détente">Détente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Non-Proliferation_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons">Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_September" title="Black September">Black September</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcora_Exercise" title="Alcora Exercise">Alcora Exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_Movement_(Syria)" title="Corrective Movement (Syria)">Corrective Movement (Syria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Civil_War" title="Cambodian Civil War">Cambodian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Thailand" title="Communist insurgency in Thailand">Communist insurgency in Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Polish_protests" title="1970 Polish protests">1970 Polish protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koza_riot" title="Koza riot">Koza riot</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Realpolitik" title="Realpolitik">Realpolitik</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ping-pong_diplomacy" title="Ping-pong diplomacy">Ping-pong diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_JVP_insurrection" title="1971 JVP insurrection">1971 JVP insurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_revolution_(Egypt)" title="Corrective revolution (Egypt)">Corrective revolution (Egypt)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Turkish_military_memorandum" title="1971 Turkish military memorandum">1971 Turkish military memorandum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1971 Sudanese coup d'état">1971 Sudanese coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Power_Agreement_on_Berlin" title="Four Power Agreement on Berlin">Four Power Agreement on Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Bangladesh Liberation War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_visit_by_Richard_Nixon_to_China" title="1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China">1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen#Disputes_with_North_Yemen" title="South Yemen">North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Yemenite_War" title="First Yemenite War">First Yemenite War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_massacre" title="Munich massacre">Munich massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972%E2%80%931975_Bangladesh_insurgency" title="1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency">1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Civil_Wars" title="Eritrean Civil Wars">Eritrean Civil Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Uruguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Uruguayan coup d'état">1973 Uruguayan coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Afghan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Afghan coup d'état">1973 Afghan coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Chilean coup d'état">1973 Chilean coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">1973 oil crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnation_Revolution" title="Carnation Revolution">Carnation Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_transition_to_democracy" title="Spanish transition to democracy">Spanish transition to democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapolitefsi" title="Metapolitefsi">Metapolitefsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Arms_Limitation_Talks" title="Strategic Arms Limitation Talks">Strategic Arms Limitation Talks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_War" title="Second Iraqi–Kurdish War">Second Iraqi–Kurdish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Turkish invasion of Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_August_1975_Bangladeshi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="15 August 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état">15 August 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_November_1975_Bangladeshi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="3 November 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état">Siege of Dhaka (1975)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_November_1975_Bangladeshi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="7 November 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état">Sipahi-Janata revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">Angolan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_genocide" title="Cambodian genocide">Cambodian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1976_protests" title="June 1976 protests">June 1976 protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_Civil_War" title="Mozambican Civil War">Mozambican Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oromo_conflict" title="Oromo conflict">Oromo conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogaden_War" title="Ogaden War">Ogaden War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Somali_coup_attempt" title="1978 Somali coup attempt">1978 Somali coup attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_War" title="Western Sahara War">Western Sahara War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Civil_War" title="Ethiopian Civil War">Ethiopian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Lebanese Civil War">Lebanese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Albanian_split" title="Sino-Albanian split">Sino-Albanian split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Indochina_War" title="Third Indochina War">Third Indochina War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War" title="Cambodian–Vietnamese War">Cambodian–Vietnamese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_conflict_(1979%E2%80%931998)" title="Cambodian conflict (1979–1998)">Cambodian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Condor" title="Operation Condor">Operation <i>Condor</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_War" title="Dirty War">Dirty War (Argentina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Argentine_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1976 Argentine coup d'état">1976 Argentine coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian%E2%80%93Libyan_War" title="Egyptian–Libyan War">Egyptian–Libyan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Autumn" title="German Autumn">German Autumn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_902" title="Korean Air Lines Flight 902">Korean Air Lines Flight 902</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Revolution" title="Nicaraguan Revolution">Nicaraguan Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda%E2%80%93Tanzania_War" title="Uganda–Tanzania War">Uganda–Tanzania War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NDF_Rebellion" title="NDF Rebellion">NDF Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadian%E2%80%93Libyan_War" title="Chadian–Libyan War">Chadian–Libyan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Yemenite_War" title="Second Yemenite War">Second Yemenite War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Mosque_seizure" title="Grand Mosque seizure">Grand Mosque seizure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_revolution" title="Iranian revolution">Iranian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saur_Revolution" title="Saur Revolution">Saur Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Vietnamese_War" title="Sino-Vietnamese War">Sino-Vietnamese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jewel_Movement" title="New Jewel Movement">New Jewel Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Herat_uprising" title="1979 Herat uprising">1979 Herat uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Days_to_the_River_Rhine" title="Seven Days to the River Rhine">Seven Days to the River Rhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struggle_against_political_abuse_of_psychiatry_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union">Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Civil_War" title="Salvadoran Civil War">Salvadoran Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics_boycott" title="1980 Summer Olympics boycott">1980</a> and <a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics_boycott" title="1984 Summer Olympics boycott">1984 Summer Olympics boycotts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gera_Demands" title="Gera Demands">Gera Demands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Civil_War_of_1980%E2%80%932000" title="Peruvian Civil War of 1980–2000">Peruvian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk_Agreement" title="Gdańsk Agreement">Gdańsk Agreement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(Polish_trade_union)" title="Solidarity (Polish trade union)">Solidarity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Civil_Wars" title="Eritrean Civil Wars">Eritrean Civil Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1980 Turkish coup d'état">1980 Turkish coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_Bush_War" title="Ugandan Bush War">Ugandan Bush War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Sidra_incident_(1981)" title="Gulf of Sidra incident (1981)">Gulf of Sidra incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Poland" title="Martial law in Poland">Martial law in Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casamance_conflict" title="Casamance conflict">Casamance conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Ethiopian%E2%80%93Somali_Border_War" title="1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War">1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndogboyosoi_War" title="Ndogboyosoi War">Ndogboyosoi War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Grenada" title="United States invasion of Grenada">United States invasion of Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Able_Archer_83" title="Able Archer 83">Able Archer 83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Defense_Initiative" title="Strategic Defense Initiative">Star Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Summit_(1985)" title="Geneva Summit (1985)">1985 Geneva Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Rebellion" title="Somali Rebellion">Somali Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk_Summit" title="Reykjavík Summit">Reykjavík Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Black_Sea_incident" title="1986 Black Sea incident">1986 Black Sea incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen_civil_war" title="South Yemen civil war">South Yemen civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_War" title="Toyota War">Toyota War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Lieyu_massacre" title="1987 Lieyu massacre">1987 Lieyu massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Denver" title="Operation Denver">Operation Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987%E2%80%931989_JVP_insurrection" title="1987–1989 JVP insurrection">1987–1989 JVP insurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army_insurgency" title="Lord's Resistance Army insurgency">Lord's Resistance Army insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Black_Sea_bumping_incident" title="1988 Black Sea bumping incident">1988 Black Sea bumping incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8888_Uprising" title="8888 Uprising">8888 Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Solidarity" title="History of Solidarity">Solidarity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Soviet_reaction_to_the_Polish_crisis_of_1980%E2%80%931981" title="Soviet reaction to the Polish crisis of 1980–1981">Soviet reaction</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contras" title="Contras">Contras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_crisis" title="Central American crisis">Central American crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_RYAN" title="Operation RYAN">Operation RYAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_007" title="Korean Air Lines Flight 007">Korean Air Lines Flight 007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasnost" title="Glasnost">Glasnost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">Perestroika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bougainville_conflict" title="Bougainville conflict">Bougainville conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First Nagorno-Karabakh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1989%E2%80%931992)" title="Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)">Afghan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Panama" title="United States invasion of Panama">United States invasion of Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Polish_strikes" title="1988 Polish strikes">1988 Polish strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Round_Table_Agreement" title="Polish Round Table Agreement">Polish Round Table Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre" title="1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre">1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989" title="Revolutions of 1989">Revolutions of 1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Berlin_Wall" title="Fall of the Berlin Wall">Fall of the Berlin Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_inner_German_border" title="Fall of the inner German border">Fall of the inner German border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velvet_Revolution" title="Velvet Revolution">Velvet Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_revolution" title="Romanian revolution">Romanian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peaceful_Revolution" title="Peaceful Revolution">Peaceful Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Revolution_of_1990" title="Mongolian Revolution of 1990">Mongolian Revolution of 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Ping_Yu_No._5540_incident" title="Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident">Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Ping_Yu_No._5202" title="Min Ping Yu No. 5202">Min Ping Yu No. 5202</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_unification" title="Yemeni unification">Yemeni unification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_communism_in_Albania" title="Fall of communism in Albania">Fall of communism in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Breakup of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution of the Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991_Soviet_coup_attempt" title="1991 Soviet coup attempt">1991 August Coup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Dissolution of Czechoslovakia">Dissolution of Czechoslovakia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Frozen_conflict" title="Frozen conflict">Frozen conflicts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia_conflict" title="Abkhazia conflict">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">China-Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Kosovo" title="Political status of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian%E2%80%93Ossetian_conflict" title="Georgian–Ossetian conflict">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_War" title="Transnistria War">Transnistria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_border_dispute" title="Sino-Indian border dispute">Sino-Indian border dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Borneo_dispute" title="North Borneo dispute">North Borneo dispute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Foreign policy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Doctrine" title="Truman Doctrine">Truman Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Containment" title="Containment">Containment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Doctrine" title="Eisenhower Doctrine">Eisenhower Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domino_theory" title="Domino theory">Domino theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallstein_Doctrine" title="Hallstein Doctrine">Hallstein Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Doctrine" title="Kennedy Doctrine">Kennedy Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peaceful_coexistence" title="Peaceful coexistence">Peaceful coexistence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostpolitik" title="Ostpolitik">Ostpolitik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Doctrine" title="Johnson Doctrine">Johnson Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brezhnev_Doctrine" title="Brezhnev Doctrine">Brezhnev Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_Doctrine" title="Nixon Doctrine">Nixon Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulbricht_Doctrine" title="Ulbricht Doctrine">Ulbricht Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Doctrine" title="Carter Doctrine">Carter Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_Doctrine" title="Reagan Doctrine">Reagan Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollback" title="Rollback">Rollback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinmen_Agreement" title="Kinmen Agreement">Kinmen Agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_school_of_economics" title="Chicago school of economics">Chicago school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">American conservatism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keynesian_economics" title="Keynesian economics">Keynesianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monetarism" title="Monetarism">Monetarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_economics" title="Neoclassical economics">Neoclassical economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaganomics" title="Reaganomics">Reaganomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply-side_economics" title="Supply-side economics">Supply-side economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_capitalism" title="Democratic capitalism">Democratic capitalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Fidel_Castro" title="Politics of Fidel Castro">Castroism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurocommunism" title="Eurocommunism">Eurocommunism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guevarism" title="Guevarism">Guevarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoxhaism" title="Hoxhaism">Hoxhaism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juche" title="Juche">Juche</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Thought" title="Ho Chi Minh Thought">Ho Chi Minh Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalinism" title="Stalinism">Stalinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titoism" title="Titoism">Titoism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultranationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauvinism" title="Chauvinism">Chauvinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethnic nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autocracy" title="Autocracy">Autocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">Liberal democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illiberal_democracy" title="Illiberal democracy">Illiberal democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guided_democracy" title="Guided democracy">Guided democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-worldism" title="Third-worldism">Third-worldism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White supremacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">White nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy#White_separatism" title="White supremacy">White separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">Apartheid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Southeast Asia Treaty Organization">SEATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Treaty_Organization" title="Central Treaty Organization">METO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">EEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comecon" title="Comecon">Comecon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_and_Non-Aligned_European_States" title="Neutral and Non-Aligned European States">NN States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">ASEAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">SAARC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_Club" title="Safari Club">Safari Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Propaganda</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Pro-communist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_measures" title="Active measures">Active measures</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Izvestia" title="Izvestia">Izvestia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neues_Deutschland" title="Neues Deutschland">Neues Deutschland</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda">Pravda</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Moscow" title="Radio Moscow">Radio Moscow</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rud%C3%A9_pr%C3%A1vo" title="Rudé právo">Rudé právo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trybuna_Ludu" title="Trybuna Ludu">Trybuna Ludu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TASS" title="TASS">TASS</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Russian_Life" title="Russian Life">Soviet Life</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Pro-Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amerika_(magazine)" title="Amerika (magazine)">Amerika</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_for_Freedom" title="Crusade for Freedom">Crusade for Freedom</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paix_et_Libert%C3%A9" title="Paix et Liberté">Paix et Liberté</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_Scare" title="Red Scare">Red Scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Technological<br />competition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arms_race" title="Arms race">Arms race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_arms_race" title="Nuclear arms race">Nuclear arms race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Historians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gar_Alperovitz" title="Gar Alperovitz">Gar Alperovitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Bailey" title="Thomas A. Bailey">Thomas A. Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Beschloss" title="Michael Beschloss">Michael Beschloss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archie_Brown_(historian)" title="Archie Brown (historian)">Archie Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_H._Carroll" title="Warren H. Carroll">Warren H. Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Cioroianu" title="Adrian Cioroianu">Adrian Cioroianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Costello_(historian)" title="John Costello (historian)">John Costello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cox_(academic)" title="Michael Cox (academic)">Michael Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_J._Cull" title="Nicholas J. Cull">Nicholas J. Cull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Davies" title="Norman Davies">Norman Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Drees" title="Willem Drees">Willem Drees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_D._English" title="Robert D. English">Robert D. English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Feis" title="Herbert Feis">Herbert Feis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hugh_Ferrell" title="Robert Hugh Ferrell">Robert Hugh Ferrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Fontaine" title="André Fontaine">André Fontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anneli_Ute_Gabanyi" title="Anneli Ute Gabanyi">Anneli Ute Gabanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis_Gaddis" title="John Lewis Gaddis">John Lewis Gaddis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Gardner" title="Lloyd Gardner">Lloyd Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Garton_Ash" title="Timothy Garton Ash">Timothy Garton Ash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Gorodetsky" title="Gabriel Gorodetsky">Gabriel Gorodetsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Halliday" title="Fred Halliday">Fred Halliday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jussi_Hanhim%C3%A4ki" title="Jussi Hanhimäki">Jussi Hanhimäki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Earl_Haynes" title="John Earl Haynes">John Earl Haynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_J._Hearden" title="Patrick J. Hearden">Patrick J. Hearden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tvrtko_Jakovina" title="Tvrtko Jakovina">Tvrtko Jakovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Judt" title="Tony Judt">Tony Judt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Klehr" title="Harvey Klehr">Harvey Klehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Kolko" title="Gabriel Kolko">Gabriel Kolko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_LaFeber" title="Walter LaFeber">Walter LaFeber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Laqueur" title="Walter Laqueur">Walter Laqueur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvyn_P._Leffler" title="Melvyn P. Leffler">Melvyn P. Leffler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geir_Lundestad" title="Geir Lundestad">Geir Lundestad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vojtech_Mastny_(historian)" title="Vojtech Mastny (historian)">Vojtech Mastny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_F._Matlock_Jr." title="Jack F. Matlock Jr.">Jack F. Matlock Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._McCormick" title="Thomas J. McCormick">Thomas J. McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Naftali" title="Timothy Naftali">Timothy Naftali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marius_Oprea" title="Marius Oprea">Marius Oprea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_S._Painter" title="David S. Painter">David S. Painter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Pickett" title="William B. Pickett">William B. Pickett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_E._Powaski" title="Ronald E. Powaski">Ronald E. Powaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_M._Rabkin" title="Yakov M. Rabkin">Yakov M. Rabkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._E._Sarotte" title="M. E. Sarotte">M. E. Sarotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Schlesinger_Jr." title="Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.">Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Schrecker" title="Ellen Schrecker">Ellen Schrecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giles_Scott-Smith" title="Giles Scott-Smith">Giles Scott-Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_Zhihua" title="Shen Zhihua">Shen Zhihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Snyder" title="Timothy Snyder">Timothy Snyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athan_Theoharis" title="Athan Theoharis">Athan Theoharis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Thorpe" title="Andrew Thorpe">Andrew Thorpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Tism%C4%83neanu" title="Vladimir Tismăneanu">Vladimir Tismăneanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Vaughan" title="Patrick Vaughan">Patrick Vaughan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_von_Tunzelmann" title="Alex von Tunzelmann">Alex von Tunzelmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odd_Arne_Westad" title="Odd Arne Westad">Odd Arne Westad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Appleman_Williams" title="William Appleman Williams">William Appleman Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Reed_Winkler" title="Jonathan Reed Winkler">Jonathan Reed Winkler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Winnacker" title="Rudolph Winnacker">Rudolph Winnacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Young" title="Ken Young">Ken Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Espionage and<br />intelligence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eastern_Bloc_agents_in_the_United_States" title="List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States">List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_espionage_in_the_United_States" title="Soviet espionage in the United States">Soviet espionage in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_espionage_in_the_United_States" title="Russian espionage in the United States">Russian espionage in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_espionage_in_the_Soviet_Union_and_Russian_Federation" title="American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation">American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_and_the_Cultural_Cold_War" title="CIA and the Cultural Cold War">CIA and the Cultural Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MI5" title="MI5">MI5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MI6" title="MI6">MI6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_involvement_in_regime_change" title="United States involvement in regime change">United States involvement in regime change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_involvement_in_regime_change" title="Soviet involvement in regime change">Soviet involvement in regime change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Soviet_Union)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Soviet Union)">MVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stasi" title="Stasi">Stasi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_intervention_in_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War">Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Soviet Union–United States relations">Soviet Union–United States relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Soviet_Union%E2%80%93United_States_summits" title="List of Soviet Union–United States summits">Soviet Union–United States summits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Russia–NATO relations">Russia–NATO relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brinkmanship#Cold_War" title="Brinkmanship">Brinkmanship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Cold_War" title="Second Cold War">Second Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cold_War" title="Category:Cold War">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_related_to_the_Cold_War" title="List of conflicts related to the Cold War">List of conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Cold_War" title="Timeline of the Cold War">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Josip_Broz_Tito" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Template:Josip Broz Tito"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Template talk:Josip Broz Tito"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Josip Broz Tito"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Josip_Broz_Tito" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Yugoslavia" title="President of Yugoslavia">President of Yugoslavia</a> (1953–1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Yugoslavia" title="Prime Minister of Yugoslavia">Prime Minister of Yugoslavia</a> (1944–1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_League_of_Communists_of_Yugoslavia" title="Leader of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia">Leader of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia</a> (1939–1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_Yugoslavia" title="Marshal of Yugoslavia">Marshal of Yugoslavia</a> (1943–1980)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kumrovec" title="Kumrovec">Birthplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Yugoslavia" title="League of Communists of Yugoslavia">League of Communists of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li>Parliamentary elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1945_Yugoslavian_parliamentary_election" title="1945 Yugoslavian parliamentary election">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_Yugoslavian_parliamentary_election" title="1950 Yugoslavian parliamentary election">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Yugoslavian_parliamentary_election" title="1953 Yugoslavian parliamentary election">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Yugoslavian_parliamentary_election" title="1958 Yugoslavian parliamentary election">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Yugoslavian_parliamentary_election" title="1963 Yugoslavian parliamentary election">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Yugoslavian_parliamentary_election" title="1969 Yugoslavian parliamentary election">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Yugoslavian_parliamentary_election" title="1974 Yugoslavian parliamentary election">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Yugoslavian_parliamentary_election" title="1978 Yugoslavian parliamentary election">1978</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Josip_Broz_Tito" title="List of international trips made by Josip Broz Tito">International trips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Death and state funeral of Josip Broz Tito">Death and state funeral</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Josip_Broz_Tito_uniform_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Josip Broz Tito"><img alt="Josip Broz Tito" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Josip_Broz_Tito_uniform_portrait.jpg/100px-Josip_Broz_Tito_uniform_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Josip_Broz_Tito_uniform_portrait.jpg/150px-Josip_Broz_Tito_uniform_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Josip_Broz_Tito_uniform_portrait.jpg/200px-Josip_Broz_Tito_uniform_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2824" data-file-height="3927" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Premiership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Titoism" title="Titoism">Titoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito%E2%80%93%C5%A0uba%C5%A1i%C4%87_Agreements" title="Tito–Šubašić Agreements">Tito–Šubašić Agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_Democratic_Federal_Yugoslavia" title="Provisional Government of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia">Provisional Government</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tito–Stalin split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informbiro_period" title="Informbiro period">Informbiro period</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1953_Yugoslav_constitutional_amendments" title="1953 Yugoslav constitutional amendments">1953 amendments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Pact_(1953)" title="Balkan Pact (1953)">Balkan Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Yugoslavia and the Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito#Reforms" title="Josip Broz Tito">Reforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_student_demonstrations_in_Yugoslavia" title="1968 student demonstrations in Yugoslavia">1968 student demonstrations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Spring" title="Croatian Spring">Croatian Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Yugoslav_Constitution" title="1974 Yugoslav Constitution">1974 Constitution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herta_Haas" title="Herta Haas">Herta Haas</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(second wife)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovanka_Broz" title="Jovanka Broz">Jovanka Budisavljević</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(third wife)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%C5%A1o_Broz" title="Mišo Broz">Aleksandar Broz</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(son)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C5%A1ka_Broz" title="Joška Broz">Joška Broz</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(grandson)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Broz" title="Svetlana Broz">Svetlana Broz</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(granddaughter)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Relay_of_Youth" title="Relay of Youth">Relay of Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Flowers_(mausoleum)" title="House of Flowers (mausoleum)">House of Flowers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_named_after_Josip_Broz_Tito" title="List of places named after Josip Broz Tito">List of places named after Josip Broz Tito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_received_by_Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Awards and decorations received by Josip Broz Tito">Awards and decorations received by Josip Broz Tito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%22Josip_Broz_Tito%22_Art_Gallery_of_the_Nonaligned_Countries" title=""Josip Broz Tito" Art Gallery of the Nonaligned Countries">"Josip Broz Tito" Art Gallery of the Nonaligned Countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Ribar" title="Ivan Ribar">← Ivan Ribar</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Category:Josip Broz Tito">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Josip_Broz_Tito" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Josip Broz Tito">Commons</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lazar_Koli%C5%A1evski" title="Lazar Koliševski">Lazar Koliševski →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_%C5%A0uba%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Ivan Šubašić">← Ivan Šubašić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petar_Stamboli%C4%87" title="Petar Stambolić">Petar Stambolić →</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia&#124;link=Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia_Foreign_relations_of_Yugoslavia_23px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia&#124;link=Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Yugoslavia" title="Template:Foreign relations of Yugoslavia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_relations_of_Yugoslavia" title="Template talk:Foreign relations of Yugoslavia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Yugoslavia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign relations of Yugoslavia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia&#124;link=Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia_Foreign_relations_of_Yugoslavia_23px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia&#124;link=Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia"><img alt="Kingdom of Yugoslavia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Yugoslavia" title="Foreign relations of Yugoslavia">Foreign relations of Yugoslavia</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia"><img alt="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Algeria–Yugoslavia relations">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angola%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Angola–Yugoslavia relations">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Burundi–Yugoslavia relations">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Cape Verde–Yugoslavia relations">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Republic of the Congo–Yugoslavia relations">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Egypt–Yugoslavia relations">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Ethiopia–Yugoslavia relations">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Gabon–Yugoslavia relations">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Ghana–Yugoslavia relations">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Libya–Yugoslavia relations">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Morocco–Yugoslavia relations">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Nigeria–Yugoslavia relations">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic–Yugoslavia relations">Sahrawi Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Seychelles–Yugoslavia relations">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Sierra Leone–Yugoslavia relations">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Sudan–Yugoslavia relations">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Tanzania–Yugoslavia relations">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Uganda–Yugoslavia relations">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo–Yugoslavia relations">Zaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia%E2%80%93Zambia_relations" title="Yugoslavia–Zambia relations">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia%E2%80%93Zimbabwe_relations" title="Yugoslavia–Zimbabwe relations">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia"><img alt="Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="569" data-file-height="664" /></span></span><br /><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Coat of arms of the SFR Yugoslavia"><img alt="Coat of arms of the SFR Yugoslavia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Emblem_of_Yugoslavia_%281963%E2%80%931992%29.svg/60px-Emblem_of_Yugoslavia_%281963%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Emblem_of_Yugoslavia_%281963%E2%80%931992%29.svg/90px-Emblem_of_Yugoslavia_%281963%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Emblem_of_Yugoslavia_%281963%E2%80%931992%29.svg/120px-Emblem_of_Yugoslavia_%281963%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="738" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Bolivia–Yugoslavia relations">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Brazil–Yugoslavia relations">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Canada–Yugoslavia relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Cuba–Yugoslavia relations">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Guyana–Yugoslavia relations">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Jamaica–Yugoslavia relations">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Mexico–Yugoslavia relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Nicaragua–Yugoslavia relations">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Peru–Yugoslavia relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Trinidad and Tobago–Yugoslavia relations">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="United States–Yugoslavia relations">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Venezuela–Yugoslavia relations">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia-Pacific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Afghanistan–Yugoslavia relations">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Australia–Yugoslavia relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Burma–Yugoslavia relations">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Cambodia–Yugoslavia relations">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="China–Yugoslavia relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="India–Yugoslavia relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Indonesia–Yugoslavia relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Iran–Yugoslavia relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Iraq–Yugoslavia relations">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Israel–Yugoslavia relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Japan–Yugoslavia relations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Lebanon–Yugoslavia relations">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Mongolia–Yugoslavia relations">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="North Korea–Yugoslavia relations">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Pakistan–Yugoslavia relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Sri Lanka–Yugoslavia relations">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Turkey–Yugoslavia relations">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Vietnam–Yugoslavia relations">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Albania–Yugoslavia relations">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Austria–Yugoslavia relations">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Belgium–Yugoslavia relations">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Bulgaria–Yugoslavia relations">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Cyprus–Yugoslavia relations">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Czechoslovakia–Yugoslavia relations">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Finland–Yugoslavia relations">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="France–Yugoslavia relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Germany–Yugoslavia relations">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Germany%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="East Germany–Yugoslavia relations">East Germany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Greece–Yugoslavia relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Holy See–Yugoslavia relations">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Hungary–Yugoslavia relations">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Ireland–Yugoslavia relations">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Italy–Yugoslavia relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Malta–Yugoslavia relations">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Norway–Yugoslavia relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Poland–Yugoslavia relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Portugal–Yugoslavia relations">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Romania–Yugoslavia relations">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Soviet Union–Yugoslavia relations">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Spain–Yugoslavia relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Sweden–Yugoslavia relations">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Switzerland–Yugoslavia relations">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="United Kingdom–Yugoslavia relations">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multilateral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_Entente" title="Little Entente">Little Entente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Pact" title="Balkan Pact">First Balkan Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_accession_to_the_Tripartite_Pact" title="Yugoslav accession to the Tripartite Pact">Tripartite Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_and_the_Allies" title="Yugoslavia and the Allies">World War II Allies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">SFR Yugoslavia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OECD#Founding" title="OECD">OECD observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_77" title="Group of 77">Group of 77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_15" title="Group of 15">Group of 15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Alps-Adriatic_Working_Group" title="The Alps-Adriatic Working Group">The Alps-Adriatic Working Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_and_the_Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Yugoslavia and the Organisation of African Unity">Organisation of African Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_Nine" title="Group of Nine">Group of Nine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_European_Initiative" title="Central European Initiative">Central European Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Pact_(1953)" title="Balkan Pact (1953)">Second Balkan Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia%E2%80%93European_Communities_relations" title="Yugoslavia–European Communities relations">European Economic Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Yugoslavia and the Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Brioni_Meeting" title="Brioni Meeting">Brioni Meeting</a> • <a href="/wiki/1st_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="1st Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">1st Summit</a> • <a href="/wiki/9th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="9th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">9th Summit</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_and_Non-Aligned_European_States" title="Neutral and Non-Aligned European States">Neutral and Non-Aligned European States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_and_the_United_Nations" title="Yugoslavia and the United Nations">United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danube_River_Conference_of_1948" title="Danube River Conference of 1948">Danube River Conference of 1948</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creation_of_Yugoslavia" title="Creation of Yugoslavia">Creation of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Federation" title="Balkan Federation">Balkan Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_declaration" title="Belgrade declaration">Belgrade declaration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Yugoslavia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Yugoslavia)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_Archives_of_the_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_Serbia" title="Diplomatic Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia">Diplomatic Archives</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_government-in-exile" title="Yugoslav government-in-exile">Yugoslav government-in-exile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disputes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_question" title="Adriatic question">Adriatic question</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fiume_question" title="Fiume question">Fiume question</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Corridor" title="Czech Corridor">Czech Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Slovene_conflict_in_Carinthia" title="Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia">Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Territory_of_Trieste" title="Free Territory of Trieste">Free Territory of Trieste</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tito–Stalin split</a></li> <li>Breakup: (<a href="/wiki/Conference_on_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Conference on Yugoslavia">Conference on Yugoslavia</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolutions_related_to_the_conflicts_in_former_Yugoslavia" title="List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions related to the conflicts in former Yugoslavia">UNSCR resolutions</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1971_Yugoslav_Embassy_shooting" title="1971 Yugoslav Embassy shooting">1971 Yugoslav Embassy shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JAT_Flight_367" title="JAT Flight 367">JAT Flight 367</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Airlines_System_Flight_130" title="Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 130">Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Yugoslav_General_Trade_and_Tourist_Agency_bombing" title="Sydney Yugoslav General Trade and Tourist Agency bombing">Sydney Yugoslav General Trade and Tourist Agency bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TWA_Flight_355" title="TWA Flight 355">TWA Flight 355</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Galip_Balkar" title="Assassination of Galip Balkar">Assassination of Galip Balkar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Foreign_relations_of_Yugoslavia" title="Category:Foreign relations of Yugoslavia">Category</a> <div style="font-size:85%;"> <ul><li>Foreign relations of <a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Succession_Issues_of_the_Former_Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Agreement on Succession Issues of the Former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">successor states</a>:</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Foreign relations of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Croatia" title="Foreign relations of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_North_Macedonia" title="Foreign relations of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Serbia and Montenegro"><img alt="Serbia and Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Foreign relations of Serbia and Montenegro">Serbia and Montenegro</a> ▷ <a href="/wiki/2006_Montenegrin_independence_referendum" title="2006 Montenegrin independence referendum">2006</a> ▷ <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Serbia" title="Foreign relations of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Slovenia" title="Foreign relations of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Foreign relations of other post-Yugoslav states:</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo"><img alt="Kosovo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <i><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Kosovo" title="Foreign relations of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></i> <small>(<i><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_Kosovo" title="International recognition of Kosovo">status</a></i>)</small></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img alt="Montenegro" 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