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rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://meta.wikimedia.org/"/></head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-4 ns-subject page-Wikipedia_Copyrights skin-vector action-view vector-animateLayout"> <div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="mw-js-message" style="display:none;"></div> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en"><span dir="auto">Wikipedia:Copyrights</span></h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content"> <div id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> <div id="contentSub"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump"> Jump to: <a href="#mw-navigation">navigation</a>, <a href="#p-search">search</a> </div> <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="metadata topicon nopopups" id="protected-icon" style="display:none; right:55px;"><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#full" title="This page is protected."><img alt="Page protected" src="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/59/Padlock.svg/20px-Padlock.svg.png" width="20" height="20" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/59/Padlock.svg/30px-Padlock.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20140516211257im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/59/Padlock.svg/40px-Padlock.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"/></a></div> <table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="Green check.svg" src="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/30px-Green_check.svg.png" width="30" height="30" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/45px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20140516211257im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/60px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"/></td> <td class="mbox-text">This page documents a <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_legal_policies" title="Category:Wikipedia legal policies">Wikipedia policy with legal considerations</a>.</td> <td class="mbox-imageright"> <table class="shortcutbox noprint" style="float: right; border: 1px solid #aaa; background: #fff; margin: 0; padding: 1px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.1em"> <tr> <th style="border: none; background: transparent;"><span id="WP:C"></span><span id="WP:COPY"></span><span id="WP:COPYRIGHT"></span><small><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a>:<br/> <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:C" title="Wikipedia:C" class="mw-redirect">WP:C</a><br/> <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:COPY" title="Wikipedia:COPY" class="mw-redirect">WP:COPY</a><br/> <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:COPYRIGHT" title="Wikipedia:COPYRIGHT" class="mw-redirect">WP:COPYRIGHT</a></small></th> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <div class="hatnote"><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:COPY" title="Wikipedia:COPY" class="mw-redirect">WP:COPY</a> redirects here. You may be looking for <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyright_Problems" title="Wikipedia:Copyright Problems" class="mw-redirect">Wikipedia:Copyright Problems</a> (shortcut:WP:CP), <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_copy-edit" title="Wikipedia:How to copy-edit" class="mw-redirect">Wikipedia:How to copy-edit</a> (shortcut: <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:COPYEDIT" title="Wikipedia:COPYEDIT" class="mw-redirect">WP:COPYEDIT</a>) or <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia</a> (shortcut: <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:COPYWITHIN" title="Wikipedia:COPYWITHIN" class="mw-redirect">WP:COPYWITHIN</a>).</div> <div class="hatnote"><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:C" title="Wikipedia:C" class="mw-redirect">WP:C</a> redirects here. You may be looking for <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">Wikipedia:Consensus</a> (shortcut: <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:CON" title="Wikipedia:CON" class="mw-redirect">WP:CON</a>), <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Civility" title="Wikipedia:Civility">Wikipedia:Civility</a> (shortcut: <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:CIV" title="Wikipedia:CIV" class="mw-redirect">WP:CIV</a>), <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">Wikipedia:Categorization</a> (shortcut: <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:CAT" title="Wikipedia:CAT" class="mw-redirect">WP:CAT</a>), <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countries" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countries">Wikipedia:WikiProject Countries</a> (shortcut: <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:COUNTRIES" title="Wikipedia:COUNTRIES" class="mw-redirect">WP:COUNTRIES</a>) or <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council">Wikipedia:WikiProject Council</a> (shortcut: <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:COUNCIL" title="Wikipedia:COUNCIL" class="mw-redirect">WP:COUNCIL</a>).</div> <table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks plainlist" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="0" style="float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;background-color: #f5faff; font-size: 90%; width: auto; line-height: 1.6em; ;"> <tr> <th class="" style=";padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em;;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em;background-color: #cee0f2; font-size: 125%"><strong class="selflink">Wikipedia copyright</strong></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="" style="padding:0.1em;;background-color: #cee0f2;">Policy</th> </tr> <tr> <td class="" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;;"> <ul> <li><strong class="selflink">Copyright policy</strong></li> <li><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyright_violations" title="Wikipedia:Copyright violations">Copyright violation policy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reusing_Wikipedia_content" title="Wikipedia:Reusing Wikipedia content">Reusing Wikipedia content</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License">Text of CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported License</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License">Text of the GFDL</a></li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <th class="" style="padding:0.1em;;background-color: #cee0f2;">Guidelines</th> </tr> <tr> <td class="" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;;"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Public_domain" title="Wikipedia:Public domain">Public domain content</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Non-free_content" title="Wikipedia:Non-free content">Non-free content</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Non-U.S._copyrights" title="Wikipedia:Non-U.S. copyrights">Non-U.S. copyrights</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">Copying within Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_copyright" title="Category:Wikipedia copyright">Copyright information index</a></li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <th class="" style="padding:0.1em;;background-color: #cee0f2;">Processes</th> </tr> <tr> <td class="" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;;"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyright_problems" title="Wikipedia:Copyright problems">Copyright problems</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Suspected_copyright_violations" title="Wikipedia:Suspected copyright violations">Suspected copyright violations</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Possibly_unfree_files" title="Wikipedia:Possibly unfree files">Possibly unfree files</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contributor_copyright_investigations" title="Wikipedia:Contributor copyright investigations">Contributor copyright investigations</a></li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <th class="" style="padding:0.1em;;background-color: #cee0f2;">Resources</th> </tr> <tr> <td class="" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;;"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Copyright_problems" title="Wikipedia talk:Copyright problems">General help</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyright_assistance" title="Wikipedia:Copyright assistance">Copyright assistance</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_copyright_questions" title="Wikipedia:Media copyright questions">Media copyright questions</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requesting_copyright_permission" title="Wikipedia:Requesting copyright permission">Requesting copyright permission</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_copyright_tags" title="Wikipedia:File copyright tags">File copyright tags</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Donating_copyrighted_materials" title="Wikipedia:Donating copyrighted materials">Donating copyrighted material</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_Copyright_Violations_101" title="Wikipedia:Text Copyright Violations 101">Guidance for text-related copyright problems</a></li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;font-size:115%;"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini" style=""> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_copyright" title="Template:Wikipedia copyright"><span title="View this template" style="">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_copyright" title="Template talk:Wikipedia copyright"><span title="Discuss this template" style="">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Wikipedia_copyright&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style="">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks plainlist" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="0" style="float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;background-color: #f5faff; font-size: 90%; width: auto; line-height: 1.6em; width:200px; clear:right;"> <tr> <th class="" style=";padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em;;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em;background-color: #cee0f2; font-size: 125%"><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies#Legal" title="Wikipedia:List of policies">Legal policies</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td class="" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;;"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Child_protection" title="Wikipedia:Child protection">Child protection</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyright_violations" title="Wikipedia:Copyright violations">Copyright violations</a></li> <li><strong class="selflink">Copyrights</strong></li> <li><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel" title="Wikipedia:Libel">Libel</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:No_legal_threats" title="Wikipedia:No legal threats">No legal threats</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Non-free_content_criteria" title="Wikipedia:Non-free content criteria">Non-free content criteria</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reusing_Wikipedia_content" title="Wikipedia:Reusing Wikipedia content">Reusing Wikipedia content</a></li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;font-size:115%;"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini" style=""> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Legal_policy_list" title="Template:Legal policy list"><span title="View this template" style="">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Legal_policy_list" title="Template talk:Legal policy list"><span title="Discuss this template" style="">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Legal_policy_list&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style="">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> <div style="background-color: #fff0f0; border: 1px solid black; padding: 1ex; margin: 1ex; margin-right: 20em;"> <p><b>Important note:</b> The Wikimedia Foundation does not own copyright on Wikipedia article texts and illustrations. <b>It is therefore pointless to email our contact addresses asking for permission to reproduce articles or images</b>, even if rules at your company or school or organization mandate that you ask web site operators before copying their content.</p> <p>The only Wikipedia content you should contact the Wikimedia Foundation about is the trademarked Wikipedia/Wikimedia logos, which are not freely usable without permission.</p> <p>Permission to reproduce and modify text on Wikipedia has already been granted to anyone anywhere by the authors of individual articles as long as such reproduction and modification complies with licensing terms (see below and <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Mirrors_and_forks" title="Wikipedia:Mirrors and forks">Wikipedia:Mirrors and forks</a> for specific terms). Images may or may not permit reuse and modification; the conditions for reproduction of each image should be individually checked. The only exceptions are those cases in which editors have violated Wikipedia policy by uploading copyrighted material without authorization, or with copyright licensing terms which are incompatible with those Wikipedia authors have applied to the rest of Wikipedia content. While such material is present on Wikipedia (before it is detected and removed), it will be a copyright violation to copy it. For permission to use it, one must contact the owner of the copyright of the text or illustration in question; often, but not always, this will be the original author.</p> <p>If you wish to reuse content from Wikipedia, first read the <a href="#Reusers.27_rights_and_obligations">Reusers' rights and obligations</a> section. You should then read the <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License</a> and the <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License">GNU Free Documentation License</a>.</p> </div> <p>The text of Wikipedia is copyrighted (automatically, under the <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berne_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Literary_and_Artistic_Works" title="Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works" class="mw-redirect">Berne Convention</a>) by Wikipedia editors and contributors and is formally licensed to the public under one or several liberal licenses. Most of Wikipedia's text and many of its images are co-licensed under the <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License">Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Unported License</a> (CC-BY-SA) and the <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License">GNU Free Documentation License</a> (GFDL) (unversioned, with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or back-cover texts). Some text has been imported only under CC-BY-SA and CC-BY-SA-compatible license and cannot be reused under GFDL; such text will be identified either on the page footer, in the page history or the discussion page of the article that utilizes the text. Every image has a description page which indicates the license under which it is released or, if it is non-free, the rationale under which it is used.</p> <p>The licenses <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> uses grant free access to our content in the same sense that <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free software</a> is licensed freely. Wikipedia content can be copied, modified, and redistributed <i>if and only if</i> the copied version is made available on the same terms to others and acknowledgment of the authors of the Wikipedia article used is included (a link back to the article is generally thought to satisfy the attribution requirement; see below for more details). Copied Wikipedia content will therefore remain <i>free</i> under appropriate license and can continue to be used by anyone subject to certain restrictions, most of which aim to ensure that freedom. This principle is known as <b><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft">copyleft</a></b> in contrast to typical copyright licenses.</p> <p>To this end,</p> <dl> <dd> <dl> <dd> <ul> <li><b>Permission is granted</b> to copy, distribute and/or modify Wikipedia's text under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License and, <i>unless otherwise noted</i>, the GNU Free Documentation License. unversioned, with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or back-cover texts.</li> <li>A copy of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License is included in the section entitled "<a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License">Wikipedia:Text of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License</a>"</li> <li>A copy of the GNU Free Documentation License is included in the section entitled "<a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License">GNU Free Documentation License</a>".</li> <li>Content on Wikipedia is covered by <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" title="Wikipedia:General disclaimer">disclaimers</a>.</li> </ul> </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> <p>The English text of the CC-BY-SA and GFDL licenses is the only legally binding restriction between authors and users of Wikipedia content. What follows is our interpretation of CC-BY-SA and GFDL, as it pertains to the rights and obligations of users and contributors.</p> <p></p> <div id="toc" class="toc"> <div id="toctitle"> <h2>Contents</h2> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Contributors.27_rights_and_obligations"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Contributors' rights and obligations</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Using_copyrighted_work_from_others"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Using copyrighted work from others</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Linking_to_copyrighted_works"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Linking to copyrighted works</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Copyright_violations"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Copyright violations</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Guidelines_for_images_and_other_media_files"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Guidelines for images and other media files </span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Governing_copyright_law"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Governing copyright law</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Works_by_the_United_States_Federal_Government"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Works by the United States Federal Government</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Works_by_state_governments_of_the_United_States"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Works by state governments of the United States</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Reusers.27_rights_and_obligations"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Reusers' rights and obligations</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Re-use_of_text"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Re-use of text</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#Additional_availability_of_text_under_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License"><span class="tocnumber">3.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Additional availability of text under the GNU Free Documentation License</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Re-use_of_non-text_media"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Re-use of non-text media</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Non-free_materials_and_special_requirements"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Non-free materials and special requirements</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Reusing_text_within_Wikipedia"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Reusing text within Wikipedia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#If_you_are_the_owner_of_Wikipedia-hosted_content_being_used_without_your_permission"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">If you are the owner of Wikipedia-hosted content being used without your permission</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <p></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Contributors.27_rights_and_obligations">Contributors' rights and obligations</span></h2> <p>If you contribute text directly to Wikipedia, you thereby license it to the public for reuse under CC-BY-SA and GFDL (unversioned, with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or back-cover texts). Non-text media may be contributed under a variety of different licenses that support the general goal of allowing unrestricted re-use and re-distribution. See <a href="#Guidelines_for_images_and_other_media_files">Guidelines for images and other media files</a>, below.</p> <p>If you want to import text that you have found elsewhere or that you have co-authored with others, you can only do so if it is available under terms that are compatible with the CC-BY-SA license. You do not need to ensure or guarantee that the imported text is available under the GNU Free Documentation License, unless you are its sole author. Furthermore, please note that you cannot import information which is available only under the GFDL. In other words, you may only import text that is (a) single-licensed under terms compatible with the CC-BY-SA license or (b) dual-licensed with the GFDL and another license with terms compatible with the CC-BY-SA license. If you are the sole author of the material, you must license it under both CC-BY-SA and GFDL.</p> <p>If the material, text or media, has been previously published and you wish to donate it to Wikipedia under appropriate license, you will need to verify copyright permission through one of our established procedures. See <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Donating_copyrighted_materials" title="Wikipedia:Donating copyrighted materials">Wikipedia:Donating copyrighted materials</a> for details. If you are not a copyright holder, you will still need to verify copyright permission; see the <a href="#Using_copyrighted_work_from_others">Using copyrighted work from others</a> section below.</p> <p>You retain copyright to materials you contribute to Wikipedia, text and media. Copyright is <i>never</i> transferred to Wikipedia. You can later republish and relicense them in any way you like. However, you can never retract or alter the license for copies of materials that you place here; these copies will remain so licensed until they enter the <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> when your copyright expires (currently some decades after an author's death).</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Using_copyrighted_work_from_others">Using copyrighted work from others</span></h3> <div style="position: relative; top: -3em;"><span id="WP:COPYOTHERS"></span></div> <table class="shortcutbox noprint" style="float: right; border: 1px solid #aaa; background: #fff; margin: .3em .3em .3em 1em; padding: 3px; text-align: center;"> <tr> <th style="border: none; background: transparent;" class="plainlist"><small><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a>:</small> <ul> <li><small><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:COPYOTHERS" title="Wikipedia:COPYOTHERS" class="mw-redirect">WP:COPYOTHERS</a></small></li> </ul> </th> </tr> </table> <p>All creative works are copyrighted, by international agreement, unless either they fall into the <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Public_domain" title="Wikipedia:Public domain">public domain</a> or their copyright is explicitly disclaimed. Generally, Wikipedia must have permission to use copyrighted works. There are some circumstances under which copyrighted works may be legally utilized without permission; see <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Non-free_content" title="Wikipedia:Non-free content">Wikipedia:Non-free content</a> for specific details on when and how to utilize such material. However, it is our goal to be able to freely redistribute as much of Wikipedia's material as possible, so original images and sound files licensed under CC-BY-SA and GFDL (unversioned, with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or back-cover texts) or in the <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> are greatly preferred to copyrighted media files used under <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_use" title="Fair use">fair use</a> or otherwise.</p> <p>If you want to import media (including text) that you have found elsewhere, and it does not meet the <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Non-free_content" title="Wikipedia:Non-free content">non-free content policy and guideline</a>, you can only do so if it is public domain or available under terms that are compatible with the CC-BY-SA license. If you import media under a compatible license which requires attribution, you must, in a reasonable fashion, credit the author(s). You must also in most cases <i>verify</i> that the material is compatibly licensed or public domain. If the original source of publication contains a copyright disclaimer or other indication that the material is free for use, a link to it on the media description page or the article's talk page may satisfy this requirement. If you obtain special permission to use a copyrighted work from the copyright holder under compatible terms, you must make a note of that fact (along with the relevant names and dates) and verify this through one of several processes. See <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requesting_copyright_permission" title="Wikipedia:Requesting copyright permission">Wikipedia:Requesting copyright permission</a> for the procedure for asking a copyright holder to grant a usable license for their work and for the processes for verifying that license has been granted.</p> <p><b>Never</b> use materials that infringe the copyrights of others. This could create legal liabilities and seriously hurt Wikipedia. If in doubt, write the content yourself, thereby creating a new copyrighted work which can be included in Wikipedia without trouble.</p> <p>Note that copyright law governs the creative expression of ideas, <i>not</i> the ideas or information themselves. Therefore, it is legal to read an encyclopedia article or other work, reformulate the concepts in your own words, and submit it to Wikipedia, so long as you do not follow the source too closely. (See our Copyright FAQ for more on <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Copyright#Can_I_add_something_to_Wikipedia_that_I_got_from_somewhere_else.3F" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Copyright">how much reformulation may be necessary</a> as well as <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Copyright#Derivative_works" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Copyright">the distinction between summary and abridgment</a>.) However, it would still be unethical (but not illegal) to do so without citing the original as a reference (see the <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Plagiarism" title="Wikipedia:Plagiarism">plagiarism guideline</a>). <span id="LINKING"></span></p> <h3><span id="LINKING"><span class="mw-headline" id="Linking_to_copyrighted_works">Linking to copyrighted works</span></span></h3> <div style="position: relative; top: -3em;"><span id="WP:COPYLINK"></span><span id="WP:COPYLINKS"></span><span id="WP:LINKVIO"></span></div> <table class="shortcutbox noprint" style="float: right; border: 1px solid #aaa; background: #fff; margin: .3em .3em .3em 1em; padding: 3px; text-align: center;"> <tr> <th style="border: none; background: transparent;" class="plainlist"><small><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a>:</small> <ul> <li><small><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:COPYLINK" title="Wikipedia:COPYLINK" class="mw-redirect">WP:COPYLINK</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:COPYLINKS" title="Wikipedia:COPYLINKS" class="mw-redirect">WP:COPYLINKS</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:LINKVIO" title="Wikipedia:LINKVIO" class="mw-redirect">WP:LINKVIO</a></small></li> </ul> </th> </tr> </table> <p>Since most recently-created works are copyrighted, almost any Wikipedia article which <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Cite_sources" title="Wikipedia:Cite sources" class="mw-redirect">cites its sources</a> will link to copyrighted material. It is not necessary to obtain the permission of a copyright holder before linking to copyrighted material, just as an author of a book does not need permission to cite someone else's work in their <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliography" title="Bibliography">bibliography</a>. Likewise, Wikipedia is not restricted to linking only to CC-BY-SA or open-source content.</p> <p>However, if you know or reasonably suspect that an external Web site is carrying a work in violation of the creator's copyright, do not link to that copy of the work. An example would be linking to a site hosting the lyrics of many popular songs without permission from their copyright holders. Knowingly and intentionally directing others to a site that violates copyright has been considered a form of <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contributory_copyright_infringement" title="Contributory copyright infringement" class="mw-redirect">contributory infringement</a> in the United States (<i><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intellectual_Reserve_v._Utah_Lighthouse_Ministry" title="Intellectual Reserve v. Utah Lighthouse Ministry">Intellectual Reserve v. Utah Lighthouse Ministry</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://www.law.uh.edu/faculty/cjoyce/copyright/release10/IntRes.html">[1]</a>). Linking to a page that illegally distributes someone else's work sheds a bad light on Wikipedia and its editors. The copyright status of <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_archive" title="Internet archive" class="mw-redirect">Internet archives</a> in the United States is unclear, however. It is currently acceptable to link to internet archives such as <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Using_the_Wayback_Machine" title="Wikipedia:Using the Wayback Machine" class="mw-redirect">the Wayback Machine</a>, which host unmodified archived copies of webpages taken at various points in time. In articles about a website, it is acceptable to include a link to that website even if there are possible copyright violations somewhere on the site.</p> <p>Context is also important; it may be acceptable to link to a reputable website's review of a particular film, even if it presents a still from the film (such uses are generally either explicitly permitted by distributors or allowed under fair use). However, linking directly to the still of the film removes the context and the site's justification for permitted use or fair use.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Copyright_violations">Copyright violations</span></h3> <div class="hatnote boilerplate seealso">See also: <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyright_violations" title="Wikipedia:Copyright violations">Wikipedia:Copyright violations</a></div> <p>Contributors who repeatedly post copyrighted material despite appropriate warnings may be <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">blocked</a> from editing by any <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators" title="Wikipedia:Administrators">administrator</a> to prevent further problems.</p> <p>If you suspect a copyright violation, you should at least bring up the issue on that page's <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Talk_page" title="Wikipedia:Talk page" class="mw-redirect">discussion page</a>. Others can then examine the situation and take action if needed. Some cases will be false alarms. For example, text that can be found elsewhere on the Web that was in fact copied from Wikipedia in the first place is not a copyright violation on Wikipedia's part.</p> <p>If a page contains material which infringes copyright, that material – and the whole page, if there is no other material present – should be removed. See <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyright_violations" title="Wikipedia:Copyright violations">Wikipedia:Copyright violations</a> for more information, and <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyright_problems#Instructions" title="Wikipedia:Copyright problems">Wikipedia:Copyright problems</a> for detailed instructions.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Guidelines_for_images_and_other_media_files">Guidelines for images and other media files <span id="Images"></span><span id="Videos"></span><span id="Audio"></span><span id="Image_guidelines"></span></span></h3> <p>Images, photographs, video and sound files, like written works, are subject to <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright">copyright</a>. Someone holds the copyright unless they have explicitly been placed in the <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Public_domain" title="Wikipedia:Public domain">public domain</a>. Images, video and sound files on the internet need to be licensed directly from the copyright holder or someone able to license on their behalf. In some cases, <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_use" title="Fair use">fair use</a> guidelines may allow them to be used irrespective of any copyright claims; see <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Non-free_content" title="Wikipedia:Non-free content">Wikipedia:Non-free content</a> for more.</p> <p>Image description pages must be tagged with a special tag to indicate the legal status of the images, as described at <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_copyright_tags" title="Wikipedia:Image copyright tags" class="mw-redirect">Wikipedia:Image copyright tags</a>. Untagged or incorrectly-tagged images will be deleted.</p> <p>Questions about media copyright may be directed to <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:MCQ" title="Wikipedia:MCQ" class="mw-redirect">Wikipedia:Media copyright questions</a>, which is generally staffed by volunteers familiar with Wikipedia's media copyright guidelines and policies.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Governing_copyright_law">Governing copyright law</span></h2> <div class="hatnote boilerplate seealso">For more details on this topic, see <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Non-U.S._copyrights" title="Wikipedia:Non-U.S. copyrights">Wikipedia:Non-U.S. copyrights</a>.</div> <p>The Wikimedia Foundation is based in the United States and accordingly governed by United States copyright law. Regardless, according to <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimbo_Wales" title="Jimbo Wales" class="mw-redirect">Jimbo Wales</a>, the co-founder of Wikipedia, Wikipedia contributors should respect the copyright law of other nations, even if these do not have official copyright relations with the United States.<a class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://mail.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2005-August/027373.html">[2]</a></p> <p>A brief summary of non-U.S. copyright laws, including guidelines on determining copyright status of the material in the United States, is available at <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Non-U.S._copyrights" title="Wikipedia:Non-U.S. copyrights">Wikipedia:Non-U.S. copyrights</a>.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Works_by_the_United_States_Federal_Government">Works by the United States Federal Government</span></h3> <p>Works produced by civilian and military employees of the <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> federal government in the scope of their employment are public domain by statute in the United States (though they may be protected by copyright outside the U.S.). It is not enough that the employee was working at the time; he/she must have made the work as part of his/her duties (e.g. a soldier who takes a photograph with his/her personal camera while on patrol in Iraq owns the copyright to the photo, but it may find its way onto a unit webpage or otherwise be licensed to the government).</p> <p>However, not every work republished by the U.S. government falls into this category. The U.S. government can own copyrights that are assigned to it by others – for example, works created by contractors.</p> <blockquote class="toccolours" style="float:none; padding: 10px 15px 10px 15px; display:table;"> <p><b>United States Code; <i>Title 17; Chapter 1; § 105</i></b> Subject matter of copyright; United States Government works.</p> <p>Copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the United States Government, but the United States Government is not precluded from receiving and holding copyrights transferred to it by assignment, bequest, or otherwise.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode17/usc_sec_17_00000105----000-.html">US Code</a></p> </blockquote> <p>Moreover, images and other media found on .mil and .gov websites may be using commercial <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stock_photography" title="Stock photography">stock photography</a> owned by others. It may be useful to check the privacy and security notice of the website, but only with an email to the webmaster can you be confident that an image is in the public domain.</p> <p>See <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Public_domain#U.S._government_works" title="Wikipedia:Public domain">Wikipedia:Public domain#U.S. government works</a> for further information. But note that while the United States government does not claim copyright protection on its own works, governments outside the U.S. often do claim copyright over works produced by their employees (for example, <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_copyright" title="Crown copyright">Crown copyright</a> in the <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>).</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Works_by_state_governments_of_the_United_States">Works by state governments of the United States</span></h3> <p>In addition, most state and local governments in the United States do not release their work into the public domain and do in fact own the copyright to their work. Please make sure to <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_status_of_work_by_the_U.S._government" title="Copyright status of work by the U.S. government">check copyright information</a> before using their work.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Reusers.27_rights_and_obligations">Reusers' rights and obligations</span></h2> <div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">Main page: <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reusing_Wikipedia_content" title="Wikipedia:Reusing Wikipedia content">Wikipedia:Reusing Wikipedia content</a></div> <p>The only Wikipedia content you should contact the Wikimedia Foundation about is the trademarked Wikipedia/Wikimedia logos, which are not freely usable without permission (members of the media, see <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_room" class="extiw" title="foundation:Press room">Foundation:Press room</a>, others see <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="Wikipedia:Contact us">Wikipedia:Contact us</a>). If you want to use other Wikipedia materials in your own books/articles/websites or other publications, you can do so, unless it is used under the <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:NFC" title="Wikipedia:NFC" class="mw-redirect">non-free content provisions</a>—but only in compliance with the licensing terms. Please follow the guidelines below:</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Re-use_of_text">Re-use of text</span></h3> <dl> <dt>Attribution</dt> <dd>To re-distribute text on Wikipedia in any form, provide credit to the authors either by including a) a <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink" title="Hyperlink">hyperlink</a> (where possible) or <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL" class="mw-redirect">URL</a> to the page or pages you are re-using, b) a hyperlink (where possible) or URL to an alternative, stable online copy which is freely accessible, which conforms with the license, and which provides credit to the authors in a manner equivalent to the credit given on this website, or c) a list of all authors. (Any list of authors may be filtered to exclude very small or irrelevant contributions.) This applies to text developed by the Wikipedia community. Text from external sources may attach additional attribution requirements to the work, which should be indicated on an article's face or on its talk page. For example, a page may have a banner or other notation indicating that some or all of its content was originally published somewhere else. Where such notations are visible in the page itself, they should generally be preserved by re-users.</dd> <dt>Copyleft/Share Alike</dt> <dd>If you make modifications or additions to the page you re-use, you must license them under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 or later.</dd> <dt>Indicate changes</dt> <dd>If you make modifications or additions, you must indicate in a reasonable fashion that the original work has been modified. If you are re-using the page in a wiki, for example, indicating this in the page history is sufficient.</dd> <dt>Licensing notice</dt> <dd>Each copy or modified version that you distribute must include a licensing notice stating that the work is released under CC-BY-SA and either a) a hyperlink or URL to the text of the license or b) a copy of the license. For this purpose, a suitable URL is: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/</a></dd> </dl> <p><b>For further information</b>, please refer to the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode">legal code of the CC-BY-SA License</a>.</p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Additional_availability_of_text_under_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License">Additional availability of text under the GNU Free Documentation License</span></h4> <p>For compatibility reasons, any page which does not incorporate text that is exclusively available under CC-BY-SA or a CC-BY-SA-compatible license is also available under the terms of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</a>. In order to determine whether a page is available under the GFDL, review the page footer, page history, and discussion page for attribution of single-licensed content that is not GFDL-compatible. Since all text published before June 15th, 2009 on Wikipedia was released under the GFDL, you can ensure GFDL compatibility by using the page history to retrieve content published before that date.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Re-use_of_non-text_media">Re-use of non-text media</span></h3> <p>Where not otherwise noted, non-text media files are available under various free culture licenses, consistent with the <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Resolution:Licensing_policy" class="extiw" title="wmf:Resolution:Licensing policy">Wikimedia Foundation Licensing Policy</a>. Please view the media description page for details about the license of any specific media file.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Non-free_materials_and_special_requirements">Non-free materials and special requirements</span></h3> <p>Wikipedia articles may also include quotations, images, or other media under the U.S. Copyright law "fair use" doctrine in accordance with our <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Non-free_content" title="Wikipedia:Non-free content">guidelines for non-free content</a>. <i>In Wikipedia</i>, such "fair use" material should be identified as from an external source by an appropriate method (on the image description page, or history page, as appropriate; quotations should be denoted with quotation marks or block quotation in accordance with <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:MOSQUOTE#Quotations" title="Wikipedia:MOSQUOTE" class="mw-redirect">Wikipedia's manual of style</a>). This leads to possible restrictions on the use, outside of Wikipedia, of such "fair use" content retrieved from Wikipedia: this "fair use" content does not fall under the CC-BY-SA or GFDL license as such, but under the "fair use" (or similar/different) regulations in the country where the media are retrieved.</p> <p>Prior to June 15, 2009, Wikipedia did permit some text under licenses that were compatible with the GFDL but might require additional terms that were not required for original Wikipedia text (such as including Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts, or Back-Cover Texts). However, these materials could only be placed if the original copyright holders did not require that they be carried forward; for that reason, they impose no special burden for reuse.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Reusing_text_within_Wikipedia">Reusing text within Wikipedia</span></h2> <div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">Main page: <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia</a></div> <p>When you <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging" title="Wikipedia:Merging">merge</a> or <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Splitting" title="Wikipedia:Splitting">split</a> an article, or otherwise move text from one page to another within Wikipedia, the <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">page history functionality</a> cannot by itself determine where the content originally came from. This may violate the attribution clause of the project's licenses. If you are copying text within Wikipedia, you must at least put a link to the source page in an <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> at the destination page. It is encouraged to do the same thing at the source page, and to add notices at the talk pages of both.</p> <p>If you reuse text which you created <b>yourself</b>, the above may still be a good idea to avoid confusion, but it isn't mandatory.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="If_you_are_the_owner_of_Wikipedia-hosted_content_being_used_without_your_permission"><span id="owner"></span>If you are the owner of Wikipedia-hosted content being used without your permission</span></h2> <p><b>If you are the owner of content that is being used on Wikipedia without your permission</b>, then you may request the page be immediately removed from Wikipedia; see <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Request_for_immediate_removal_of_copyright_violation" title="Wikipedia:Request for immediate removal of copyright violation" class="mw-redirect">Request for immediate removal of copyright violation</a>. You can also contact our <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/designated_agent" class="extiw" title="wikimedia:designated agent">designated agent</a> to have it permanently removed (but it may take up to a week for the page to be deleted that way). You may also blank the page and replace it with the words {{copyvio|<i>URL or place you published the text</i>}} but the text will still be in the page history. Either way, we will, of course, need some evidence to support your claim of ownership.</p> <p>Inversely, if you are the editor of a Wikipedia article and have found a copy hosted without following the licensing requirements for attribution, please see <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Standard_license_violation_letter" title="Wikipedia:Standard license violation letter">Wikipedia:Standard license violation letter</a>.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyright_FAQ" title="Wikipedia:Copyright FAQ" class="mw-redirect">Wikipedia:Copyright FAQ</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Non-U.S._copyrights" title="Wikipedia:Non-U.S. copyrights">Wikipedia:Non-U.S. copyrights</a></li> <li>The <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contributing_FAQ" title="Wikipedia:Contributing FAQ" class="mw-redirect">Wikipedia:Contributing FAQ</a> for questions on copyright.</li> <li>Wikipedia's <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Designated_agent" title="Wikipedia:Designated agent">designated agent</a> under <a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCILLA" title="OCILLA" class="mw-redirect">OCILLA</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Mirrors_and_forks" title="Wikipedia:Mirrors and forks">Wikipedia:Mirrors and forks</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Standard_GFDL_violation_letter" title="Wikipedia:Standard GFDL violation letter" class="mw-redirect">Wikipedia:Standard GFDL violation letter</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Possible_copyright_infringements" title="Wikipedia:Possible copyright infringements" class="mw-redirect">Wikipedia:Possible copyright infringements</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Spotting_possible_copyright_violations" title="Wikipedia:Spotting possible copyright violations">Wikipedia:Spotting possible copyright violations</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Fair_use" title="Wikipedia:Fair use" class="mw-redirect">Wikipedia:Fair use</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_copyright_tags" title="Wikipedia:Image copyright tags" class="mw-redirect">Wikipedia:Image copyright tags</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Boilerplate_request_for_permission" title="Wikipedia:Boilerplate request for permission" class="mw-redirect">Wikipedia:Boilerplate request for permission</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Copyright_Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Copyright Cleanup">Wikipedia:WikiProject Copyright Cleanup</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Plagiarism" title="Wikipedia:Plagiarism">Wikipedia:Plagiarism</a></li> </ul> <p>Further discussion...</p> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20140516211257/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyright_problems" title="Wikipedia:Copyright problems">Wikipedia:Copyright problems</a></li> <li><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_and_copyright_issues" class="extiw" title="m:Wikipedia and copyright issues">m:Wikipedia and copyright issues</a></li> <li><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Avoid_Copyright_Paranoia" class="extiw" title="m:Avoid Copyright Paranoia">m:Avoid Copyright Paranoia</a></li> <li><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Permission_grant_extent" class="extiw" title="m:Permission grant extent">m:Permission grant extent</a></li> </ul>   <noscript><img src="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257im_/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" title="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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hreflang="als">Alemannisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="ويكيبيديا:حقوق التأليف والنشر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar">العربية</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Dreitos_d%27autor" title="Wikipedia:Dreitos d'autor – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an">Aragonés</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE:%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9F" title="ৱিকিপিডিয়া:কপিৰাইট – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as">অসমীয়া</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uiquipedia:Derechos_d%27autor" title="Uiquipedia:Derechos d'autor – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast">Asturianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE:%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9F" title="উইকিপিডিয়া:কপিরাইট – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn">বাংলা</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:T%C3%B9-chok-ko%C3%A2n" title="Wikipedia:Tù-chok-koân – Chinese (Min Nan)" lang="zh-min-nan" hreflang="zh-min-nan">Bân-lâm-gú</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%90%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Вікіпедыя:Аўтарскія правы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be">Беларуская</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%90%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Вікіпэдыя:Аўтарскія правы – беларуская (тарашкевіца)‎" lang="be-x-old" hreflang="be-x-old">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)‎</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Уикипедия:Авторско право – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg">Български</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyrights" title="Wikipedia:Copyrights – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo">བོད་ཡིག</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Autorska_prava" title="Wikipedia:Autorska prava – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs">Bosanski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Gwirio%C3%B9_aozer_(Copyright)" title="Wikipedia:Gwirioù aozer (Copyright) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br">Brezhoneg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Condicions_d%27%C3%BAs" title="Viquipèdia:Condicions d'ús – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca">Català</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Katungod_sa_pagpatik" title="Wikipedia:Katungod sa pagpatik – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb">Cebuano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedie:Autorsk%C3%A9_pr%C3%A1vo" title="Wikipedie:Autorské právo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs">Čeština</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wicipedia:Hawlfraint" title="Wicipedia:Hawlfraint – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy">Cymraeg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Ophavsret" title="Wikipedia:Ophavsret – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da">Dansk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lizenzbestimmungen" title="Wikipedia:Lizenzbestimmungen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%88%DE%A8%DE%86%DE%A8%DE%95%DE%A9%DE%91%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%A7:_%DE%82%DE%A6%DE%86%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%AA%DE%86%DE%AA%DE%83%DE%AA%DE%89%DE%AA%DE%8E%DE%AC_%DE%80%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%B0%DE%8E%DE%AA" title="ވިކިޕީޑިއާ: ނަކަލުކުރުމުގެ ހައްގު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipeedia:Autori%C3%B5igused" title="Vikipeedia:Autoriõigused – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et">Eesti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B9%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1:%CE%A0%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC_%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Βικιπαίδεια:Πνευματικά δικαιώματα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Derechos_de_autor" title="Wikipedia:Derechos de autor – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipedio:A%C5%ADtorrajto" title="Vikipedio:Aŭtorrajto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo">Esperanto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Egile_eskubideak" title="Wikipedia:Egile eskubideak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu">Euskara</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%AD%D9%82_%D8%AA%DA%A9%D8%AB%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="ویکی‌پدیا:حق تکثیر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Droit_d%27auteur" title="Wikipédia:Droit d'auteur – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr">Français</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyrights" title="Wikipedia:Copyrights – Fulah" lang="ff" hreflang="ff">Fulfulde</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicip%C3%A9id:C%C3%B3ipchearta" title="Vicipéid:Cóipchearta – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga">Gaeilge</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Dereitos_de_autor%C3%ADa" title="Wikipedia:Dereitos de autoría – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl">Galego</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE:%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A7%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0" title="વિકિપીડિયા:પ્રકાશનાધિકાર – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu">ગુજરાતી</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%A0%80%EC%9E%91%EA%B6%8C" title="위키백과:저작권 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%A1:%D5%80%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Վիքիպեդիա:Հեղինակային իրավունքներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy">Հայերեն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Dagiti_karbengan_ti_kopia" title="Wikipedia:Dagiti karbengan ti kopia – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo">Ilokano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Hak_cipta" title="Wikipedia:Hak cipta – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8:%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Википеди:Авторон бар – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os">Ирон</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:H%C3%B6fundar%C3%A9ttur" title="Wikipedia:Höfundaréttur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is">Íslenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyright" title="Wikipedia:Copyright – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%96%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D" title="ויקיפדיה:זכויות יוצרים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Piginnittussaatitaaneq" title="Wikipedia:Piginnittussaatitaaneq – Kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl">Kalaallisut</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90:%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ვიკიპედია:საავტორო უფლებები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka">ქართული</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D2%9B%D2%B1%D2%9B%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Уикипедия:Авторлық құқықтар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk">Қазақша</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%AEkar%C3%AE:Maf%C3%AAn_tel%C3%AEf%C3%AA" title="Alîkarî:Mafên telîfê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku">Kurdî</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikip%C4%93dija:Autorties%C4%ABbas" title="Vikipēdija:Autortiesības – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv">Latviešu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyright" title="Wikipedia:Copyright – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipedija:Autori%C5%B3_teis%C4%97s" title="Vikipedija:Autorių teisės – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt">Lietuvių</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyrights" title="Wikipedia:Copyrights – Ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij">Ligure</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Auteursrechte" title="Wikipedia:Auteursrechte – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li">Limburgs</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Drecc_da_c%C3%B2pia_(copyright)" title="Wikipedia:Drecc da còpia (copyright) – lumbaart" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo">Lumbaart</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Szerz%C5%91i_jogok" title="Wikipédia:Szerzői jogok – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu">Magyar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Википедија:Авторски права – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk">Македонски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyrights" title="Wikipedia:Copyrights – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg">Malagasy</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%82" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പകർപ്പവകാശം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml">മലയാളം</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manat%C4%81rua" title="Wikipedia:Manatārua – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi">Māori</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA" title="विकिपीडिया:कायदा आणि प्रताधिकारमुक्ती प्रकल्प – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr">मराठी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AE" title="ويكيبيديا:حقوق النسخ – Egyptian Spoken Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz">مصرى</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyrights" title="Wikipedia:Copyrights – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huiquipedia:Copyrights" title="Huiquipedia:Copyrights – Nāhuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah">Nāhuatl</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Auteursrechten" title="Wikipedia:Auteursrechten – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedie:Auteursrechten" title="Wikipedie:Auteursrechten – Low Saxon (Netherlands)" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL">Nedersaksies</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="विकिपीडिया:लेखाधिकार – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne">नेपाली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82" title="विकिपिडिया:मिवां – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new">नेपाल भाषा</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%91%97%E4%BD%9C%E6%A8%A9" title="Wikipedia:著作権 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%8C%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Википеди:Суьрташна бакъойалар – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce">Нохчийн</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Opphavsrett" title="Wikipedia:Opphavsrett – Norwegian (bokmål)" lang="no" hreflang="no">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Opphavsrett" title="Wikipedia:Opphavsrett – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn">Norsk nynorsk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipediya:Mualliflik_huquqlari" title="Vikipediya:Mualliflik huquqlari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz">Oʻzbekcha</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyrights" title="Wikipedia:Copyrights – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi">Tok Pisin</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lizenz" title="Wikipedia:Lizenz – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds">Plattdüütsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Prawa_autorskie" title="Wikipedia:Prawa autorskie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Direitos_de_autor" title="Wikipédia:Direitos de autor – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Liz%C3%A4nz" title="Wikipedia:Lizänz – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh">Ripoarisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Drepturi_de_autor" title="Wikipedia:Drepturi de autor – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro">Română</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipidiya:Autorenge_xakaya_(chachimata)" title="Vikipidiya:Autorenge xakaya (chachimata) – Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy">Romani</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Ruraqpa_hay%C3%B1in" title="Wikipedia:Ruraqpa hayñin – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu">Runa Simi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Википедия:Авторские права – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyrichts" title="Wikipedia:Copyrichts – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco">Scots</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:T%C3%AB_drejta_autori" title="Wikipedia:Të drejta autori – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq">Shqip</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyrights" title="Wikipedia:Copyrights – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn">Sicilianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F:%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%98_%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A" title="විකිපීඩියා:කර්තෘ හිමිකම් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si">සිංහල</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyrights" title="Wikipedia:Copyrights – Simple English" lang="simple" hreflang="simple">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Autorsk%C3%A9_pr%C3%A1va" title="Wikipédia:Autorské práva – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk">Slovenčina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:Avtorske_pravice" title="Wikipedija:Avtorske pravice – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl">Slovenščina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyright" title="Wikipedia:Copyright – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so">Soomaaliga</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%90%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Википедија:Ауторско право – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Hak_cipta" title="Wikipedia:Hak cipta – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su">Basa Sunda</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tekij%C3%A4noikeudet" title="Wikipedia:Tekijänoikeudet – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi">Suomi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Upphovsr%C3%A4tt" title="Wikipedia:Upphovsrätt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Karapatang-ari" title="Wikipedia:Karapatang-ari – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl">Tagalog</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE:%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88" title="விக்கிப்பீடியா:பதிப்புரிமை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta">தமிழ்</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyrights" title="Wikipedia:Copyrights – tarandíne" lang="roa-Tara" hreflang="roa-Tara">Tarandíne</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Википедия:Авторлык хокуклары – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt">Татарча/tatarça</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="వికీపీడియా:కాపీహక్కులు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te">తెలుగు</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyrights" title="Wikipedia:Copyrights – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet">Tetun</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140516211257/http://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8C" title="วิกิพีเดีย:ลิขสิทธิ์ – Thai" lang="th" 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