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id="toc-Pre-colonial_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-colonial_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Pre-colonial history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-colonial_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_exploration_and_colonization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_exploration_and_colonization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>European exploration and colonization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_exploration_and_colonization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Settlement_and_statehood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Settlement_and_statehood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Settlement and statehood</span> </div> 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cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Race_and_ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Race_and_ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Race and ethnicity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Race_and_ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Native_American_tribes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Native_American_tribes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Native American tribes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Native_American_tribes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Agriculture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Energy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_care" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_care"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Health care</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_care-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Native_American_First_Nations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Native_American_First_Nations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Native American First Nations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Native_American_First_Nations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pow_wows" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pow_wows"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Pow wows</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pow_wows-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Norwegian_and_Icelandic_influences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Norwegian_and_Icelandic_influences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Norwegian and Icelandic influences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Norwegian_and_Icelandic_influences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germans_from_Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germans_from_Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Germans from Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germans_from_Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fine_and_performing_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fine_and_performing_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Fine and performing arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fine_and_performing_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Entertainment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entertainment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Entertainment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entertainment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Higher_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Higher education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primary_and_secondary_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_and_secondary_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Primary and secondary education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_and_secondary_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emergency_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emergency_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Emergency services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emergency_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law_and_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_and_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Law and government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Law_and_government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Law and government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Law_and_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Executive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Executive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Legislative</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judicial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judicial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Judicial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judicial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indian_tribes_and_reservations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indian_tribes_and_reservations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Indian tribes and reservations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indian_tribes_and_reservations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.5</span> <span>Federal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.6</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_taxes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_taxes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.7</span> <span>State taxes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_taxes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bibliography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.1</span> <span>Primary sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">North Dakota</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 184 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-184" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">184 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noord-Dakota" title="Noord-Dakota – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Noord-Dakota" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="North Dakota" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%96%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%9D_%E1%8B%B3%E1%8A%AE%E1%89%B3" title="ኖርዝ ዳኮታ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኖርዝ ዳኮታ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tave-Dakota" title="Tave-Dakota – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Tave-Dakota" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nor%C3%BEdacota" title="Norþdacota – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Norþdacota" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="داكوتا الشمالية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="داكوتا الشمالية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_d%27o_Norte" title="Dakota d'o Norte – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Dakota d'o Norte" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A2%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%AC_%DC%95%DC%90%DC%9F%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܢܘܪܬ ܕܐܟܘܬܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܢܘܪܬ ܕܐܟܘܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_du_Nord" title="Dakota du Nord – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Dakota du Nord" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_del_Norte" title="Dakota del Norte – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Dakota del Norte" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dak%C3%B3ta_Yvategua" title="Dakóta Yvategua – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Dakóta Yvategua" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota_suyu" title="North Dakota suyu – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="North Dakota suyu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eimali_Dakota" title="Şimali Dakota – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şimali Dakota" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="شومالی داکوتا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شومالی داکوتا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_Kal%C3%A9r" title="Dakota Kalér – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Dakota Kalér" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE" title="উত্তর ডাকোটা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উত্তর ডাকোটা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="North Dakota" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Паўночная Дакота – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Паўночная Дакота" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Паўночная Дакота – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Паўночная Дакота" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE" title="नॉर्थ डकोटा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="नॉर्थ डकोटा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="North Dakota" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Not_Dakota" title="Not Dakota – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Not Dakota" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Северна Дакота – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Северна Дакота" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noad-Dakota" title="Noad-Dakota – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Noad-Dakota" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjeverna_Dakota" title="Sjeverna Dakota – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sjeverna Dakota" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norzh_Dakota" title="Norzh Dakota – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Norzh Dakota" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Хойто Дакота – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хойто Дакота" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_del_Nord" title="Dakota del Nord – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dakota del Nord" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%D1%83%D1%80%C3%A7%C4%95%D1%80_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Çурçĕр Дакота – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çурçĕр Дакота" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="North Dakota" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severn%C3%AD_Dakota" title="Severní Dakota – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Severní Dakota" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="North Dakota" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_di_u_Nordu" title="Dakota di u Nordu – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Dakota di u Nordu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gogledd_Dakota" title="Gogledd Dakota – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gogledd Dakota" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="North Dakota" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="North Dakota" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="داكوطا الشمالية – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="داكوطا الشمالية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davvi-Dakota" title="Davvi-Dakota – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Davvi-Dakota" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="North Dakota" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1hook%C7%ABsj%C3%AD_Naa%C5%82%C3%A1n%C3%AD_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Náhookǫsjí Naałání Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Náhookǫsjí Naałání Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B5hja-Dakota" title="Põhja-Dakota – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Põhja-Dakota" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Βόρεια Ντακότα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βόρεια Ντακότα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dak%C3%B2ta_dal_N%C3%B2rd" title="Dakòta dal Nòrd – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Dakòta dal Nòrd" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_del_Norte" title="Dakota del Norte – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dakota del Norte" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norda_Dakoto" title="Norda Dakoto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Norda Dakoto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipar_Dakota" title="Ipar Dakota – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ipar Dakota" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="داکوتای شمالی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="داکوتای شمالی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="North Dakota" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="North Dakota" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_du_Nord" title="Dakota du Nord – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dakota du Nord" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noard-Dakota" title="Noard-Dakota – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Noard-Dakota" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_Thuaidh" title="Dakota Thuaidh – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Dakota Thuaidh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_Hwoaie" title="Dakota Hwoaie – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Dakota Hwoaie" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poyraz_Dakota" title="Poyraz Dakota – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Poyraz Dakota" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_a_Tuath" title="Dakota a Tuath – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Dakota a Tuath" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacota_do_Norte" title="Dacota do Norte – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dacota do Norte" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B8%F0%90%8C%B0_%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8D%89%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐌰 𐌳𐌰𐌺𐍉𐍄𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐌰 𐌳𐌰𐌺𐍉𐍄𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="North Dakota" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EC%8A%A4%EB%8B%A4%EC%BD%94%ED%83%80%EC%A3%BC" title="노스다코타주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="노스다코타주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="North Dakota" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakoka_%CA%BB%C4%80kau" title="Kakoka ʻĀkau – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kakoka ʻĀkau" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%A1" title="Հյուսիսային Դակոտա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հյուսիսային Դակոտա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE" title="नॉर्थ डकोटा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नॉर्थ डकोटा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjeverna_Dakota" title="Sjeverna Dakota – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sjeverna Dakota" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordal_Dakota" title="Nordal Dakota – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nordal Dakota" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="North Dakota" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="North Dakota" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE" title="নর্থ ডাকোটা – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="নর্থ ডাকোটা" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_Utara" title="Dakota Utara – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dakota Utara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_del_Nord" title="Dakota del Nord – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Dakota del Nord" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord-Dakota" title="Nord-Dakota – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Nord-Dakota" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%91%96%E1%91%B0%E1%91%96_%E1%91%90%E1%93%84%E1%95%95%E1%90%8A%E1%96%85" title="ᑖᑰᑖ ᑐᓄᕕᐊᖅ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᑖᑰᑖ ᑐᓄᕕᐊᖅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="North Dakota" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%C3%A6%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Цæгат Дакотæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Цæгат Дакотæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nor%C3%B0ur-Dak%C3%B3ta" title="Norður-Dakóta – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Norður-Dakóta" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_del_Nord" title="Dakota del Nord – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dakota del Nord" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%98%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="דקוטה הצפונית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דקוטה הצפונית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="North Dakota" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takotaa_Hay%C9%A9_Ki%C5%8B" title="Takotaa Hayɩ Kiŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Takotaa Hayɩ Kiŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%B0_%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%9F" title="ಉತ್ತರ ಡಕೋಟ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಉತ್ತರ ಡಕೋಟ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangulung_Dakota" title="Pangulung Dakota – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Pangulung Dakota" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90" title="ჩრდილოეთი დაკოტა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩრდილოეთი დაკოტა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Солтүстік Дакота – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Солтүстік Дакота" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_Gledh" title="Dakota Gledh – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Dakota Gledh" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="North Dakota" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_din%C3%B2" title="Dakota dinò – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Dakota dinò" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakotaya_Bakur" title="Dakotaya Bakur – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Dakotaya Bakur" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B4%D2%AF%D0%BA_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Түндүк Дакота (штат) – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Түндүк Дакота (штат)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Йыдвел Дакота – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Йыдвел Дакота" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="North Dakota" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_del_Norte" title="Dakota del Norte – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Dakota del Norte" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacota_Septentrionalis" title="Dacota Septentrionalis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Dacota Septentrionalis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zieme%C4%BCdakota" title="Ziemeļdakota – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ziemeļdakota" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="North Dakota" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0iaur%C4%97s_Dakota" title="Šiaurės Dakota – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šiaurės Dakota" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_do_N%C3%B2rd" title="Dakota do Nòrd – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Dakota do Nòrd" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="North Dakota" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_Norde" title="Dakota Norde – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Dakota Norde" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_del_Nord" title="Dakota del Nord – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Dakota del Nord" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89szak-Dakota" title="Észak-Dakota – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Észak-Dakota" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE" title="नर्थ डेकोटा – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="नर्थ डेकोटा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Северна Дакота – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Северна Дакота" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dak%C3%B4ta_Avaratra" title="Dakôta Avaratra – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Dakôta Avaratra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F" title="വടക്കൻ ഡക്കോട്ട – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വടക്കൻ ഡക്കോട്ട" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takouta-ki-te-raki" title="Takouta-ki-te-raki – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Takouta-ki-te-raki" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE" title="नॉर्थ डकोटा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नॉर्थ डकोटा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%94_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90" title="ოორუე დაკოტა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ოორუე დაკოტა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AB_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="نورث داكوتا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نورث داكوتا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="شمالی داکوتا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="شمالی داکوتا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_Utara" title="Dakota Utara – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Dakota Utara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A1_%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯗꯥꯀꯣꯇꯥ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯗꯥꯀꯣꯇꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="North Dakota" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B4_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Хойд Дакота – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хойд Дакота" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%AB%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="မြောက်ဒါကိုတာပြည်နယ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မြောက်ဒါကိုတာပြည်နယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="North Dakota" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noorddakota" title="Noorddakota – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Noorddakota" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE" title="नर्थ डेकोटा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नर्थ डेकोटा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="नर्थ दाकोता – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="नर्थ दाकोता" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%80%E3%82%B3%E3%82%BF%E5%B7%9E" title="ノースダコタ州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ノースダコタ州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Къилбаседа Дакота – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Къилбаседа Дакота" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="North Dakota" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord-Dakota" title="Nord-Dakota – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nord-Dakota" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord-Dakota" title="Nord-Dakota – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nord-Dakota" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_del_N%C3%B2rd" title="Dakota del Nòrd – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Dakota del Nòrd" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D3%B1%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Йӱдвел Дакота – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Йӱдвел Дакота" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimoliy_Dakota" title="Shimoliy Dakota – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Shimoliy Dakota" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%89%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE" title="ਉੱਤਰੀ ਡਕੋਟਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਉੱਤਰੀ ਡਕੋਟਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE" title="उत्तर डेकोटा – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="उत्तर डेकोटा" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7_%DA%88%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%A7" title="اتلا ڈکوٹا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اتلا ڈکوٹا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="North Dakota" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="شمالي داکوتا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="شمالي داکوتا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_du_Nord" title="Dakota du Nord – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Dakota du Nord" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_d%C3%ABl_N%C3%B2rd" title="Dakota dël Nòrd – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Dakota dël Nòrd" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noord-Dakota" title="Noord-Dakota – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Noord-Dakota" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_P%C3%B3%C5%82nocna" title="Dakota Północna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dakota Północna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_do_Norte" title="Dakota do Norte – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dakota do Norte" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eimaliy_Dakota" title="Şimaliy Dakota – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Şimaliy Dakota" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_de_Nord" title="Dakota de Nord – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dakota de Nord" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="North Dakota" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota_suyu" title="North Dakota suyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="North Dakota suyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Северная Дакота – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Северная Дакота" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%83_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Хоту Дакота – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Хоту Дакота" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE" title="नार्थ डेकोटा – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="नार्थ डेकोटा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_de_Nord" title="Dakota de Nord – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Dakota de Nord" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="North Dakota" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="North Dakota" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_e_Veriut" title="Dakota e Veriut – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dakota e Veriut" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_d%C3%BB_Nord" title="Dakota dû Nord – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Dakota dû Nord" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="North Dakota" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1_%DA%8A%DA%AA%D9%88%D9%BD%D8%A7" title="اتر ڊڪوٽا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اتر ڊڪوٽا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severn%C3%A1_Dakota" title="Severná Dakota – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Severná Dakota" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severna_Dakota" title="Severna Dakota – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Severna Dakota" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%AF%C5%82nocno_Dakota" title="Půłnocno Dakota – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Půłnocno Dakota" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waqooyi_Dakota" title="Waqooyi Dakota – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Waqooyi Dakota" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1" title="داکۆتای باکوور – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="داکۆتای باکوور" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Северна Дакота – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Северна Дакота" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjeverna_Dakota" title="Sjeverna Dakota – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sjeverna Dakota" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohjois-Dakota" title="Pohjois-Dakota – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pohjois-Dakota" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="North Dakota" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilagang_Dakota" title="Hilagang Dakota – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hilagang Dakota" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE" title="வடக்கு டகோட்டா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வடக்கு டகோட்டா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Төньяк Дакота – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Төньяк Дакота" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2" title="รัฐนอร์ทดาโคตา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐนอร์ทดาโคตา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D3%A3" title="Дакотаи Шимолӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Дакотаи Шимолӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuzey_Dakota" title="Kuzey Dakota – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kuzey Dakota" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Північна Дакота – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Північна Дакота" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_%DA%88%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%A7" title="شمالی ڈکوٹا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شمالی ڈکوٹا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimaliy_Dakota_Shitati" title="Shimaliy Dakota Shitati – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Shimaliy Dakota Shitati" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_Baihbaek" title="Dakota Baihbaek – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Dakota Baihbaek" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="North Dakota" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="North Dakota" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%81%94%E7%A7%91%E4%BB%96%E5%B7%9E" title="北達科他州 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="北達科他州" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="North Dakota" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="North Dakota" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%BE%BE%E7%A7%91%E4%BB%96%E5%B7%9E" title="北达科他州 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="北达科他州" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A2" title="צפון דעקאטע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="צפון דעקאטע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80r%C3%ADw%C3%A1_Dakota" title="Àríwá Dakota – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àríwá Dakota" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%81%94%E5%93%A5%E4%BB%96%E5%B7%9E" title="北達哥他州 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="北達哥他州" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakotay_Z%C4%B1mey" title="Dakotay Zımey – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Dakotay Zımey" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="North Dakota" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0iaur%C4%97s_Dakota" title="Šiaurės Dakota – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Šiaurės Dakota" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%BE%BE%E7%A7%91%E4%BB%96%E5%B7%9E" title="北达科他州 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="北达科他州" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_Liba" title="Dakota Liba – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Dakota Liba" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kob%C9%99son%C9%99_Dakota" title="Kobəsonə Dakota – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Kobəsonə Dakota" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1207#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage 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role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's <b>use of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a> may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit">improve this article</a> by removing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_mirror_or_a_repository_of_links,_images,_or_media_files" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">excessive</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">inappropriate</a> external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">footnote references</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State in the United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">North Dakota</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Lakota-language text"><i lang="lkt">Dakȟóta waziyata</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Lakota_language" title="Lakota language">Lakota</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_North_Dakota.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of North Dakota"><img alt="Flag of North Dakota" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Flag_of_North_Dakota.svg/125px-Flag_of_North_Dakota.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Flag_of_North_Dakota.svg/188px-Flag_of_North_Dakota.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Flag_of_North_Dakota.svg/250px-Flag_of_North_Dakota.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1247" data-file-height="983" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_North_Dakota" title="Flag of North Dakota">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Seal_of_North_Dakota.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of North Dakota"><img alt="Official seal of North Dakota" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Great_Seal_of_North_Dakota.svg/100px-Great_Seal_of_North_Dakota.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Great_Seal_of_North_Dakota.svg/150px-Great_Seal_of_North_Dakota.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Great_Seal_of_North_Dakota.svg/200px-Great_Seal_of_North_Dakota.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="398" data-file-height="398" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_North_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Seal of North Dakota">Seal</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_nicknames" title="List of U.S. state and territory nicknames">Nickname</a>: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Peace Garden State</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_mottos" title="List of U.S. state and territory mottos">Motto(s)</a>: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Dakota_in_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of North Dakota within the United States"><img alt="Location of North Dakota within the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/North_Dakota_in_United_States.svg/300px-North_Dakota_in_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/North_Dakota_in_United_States.svg/450px-North_Dakota_in_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/North_Dakota_in_United_States.svg/600px-North_Dakota_in_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of North Dakota within the United States</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Before statehood</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dakota_Territory" title="Dakota Territory">Dakota Territory</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Union" title="List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union">Admitted to the Union</a></th><td class="infobox-data">November 2, 1889 (39th)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">Capital</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bismarck,_North_Dakota" title="Bismarck, North Dakota">Bismarck</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of largest cities of U.S. states and territories by population">Largest city</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fargo,_North_Dakota" title="Fargo, North Dakota">Fargo</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_most_populous_counties_by_U.S._state" title="List of the most populous counties by U.S. state">Largest county or equivalent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cass_County,_North_Dakota" title="Cass County, North Dakota">Cass</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Statistical_area_(United_States)" title="Statistical area (United States)">Largest metro</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">urban</a> areas</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fargo%E2%80%93Moorhead" title="Fargo–Moorhead">Fargo</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_North_Dakota" title="Governor of North Dakota">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Armstrong" title="Kelly Armstrong">Kelly Armstrong</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">R</a>)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_North_Dakota" title="Lieutenant Governor of North Dakota">Lieutenant Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Strinden" title="Michelle Strinden">Michelle Strinden</a> (R)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Legislative_Assembly" title="North Dakota Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Senate" title="North Dakota Senate">Senate</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower house</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_House_of_Representatives" title="North Dakota House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">Judiciary</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Supreme_Court" title="North Dakota Supreme Court">North Dakota Supreme Court</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_North_Dakota" title="List of United States senators from North Dakota">U.S. senators</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Hoeven" title="John Hoeven">John Hoeven</a> (R)</span><br /><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Cramer" title="Kevin Cramer">Kevin Cramer</a> (R)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_North_Dakota" title="List of United States representatives from North Dakota">U.S. House delegation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Julie_Fedorchak" title="Julie Fedorchak">Julie Fedorchak</a> (R) (<a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_North_Dakota" title="United States congressional delegations from North Dakota">list</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">70,706 sq mi (183,125 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">68,995 sq mi (178,694 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">1,719 sq mi (4,428 km<sup>2</sup>)  2.3%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_area" title="List of U.S. states and territories by area">19th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Dimensions<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Length</th><td class="infobox-data">300 mi (482 km)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Width</th><td class="infobox-data">200 mi (321 km)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,901 ft (580 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/White_Butte_(North_Dakota)" title="White Butte (North Dakota)">White Butte</a><sup id="cite_ref-USGS_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NAVD88_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAVD88-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,609 ft (1,069 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Red_River_of_the_North" title="Red River of the North">Red River of the North</a> at <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a> border<sup id="cite_ref-USGS_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NAVD88_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAVD88-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">864 ft (216 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2024)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Neutral increase"><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /></span></span> 796,568<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of U.S. states and territories by population">47th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">10.73/sq mi (4.13/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">  • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States_by_population_density" title="List of states and territories of the United States by population density">47th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">Median household income</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">$76,500 (2<span>0</span>23)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Income rank<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_income#States_and_territories_ranked_by_median_household_income" title="List of U.S. states and territories by income">20th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">North Dakotan</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Language<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">Official language</a></th><td class="infobox-data">English <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zones</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">most of state</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9206:00" title="UTC−06:00">UTC−06:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Time_Zone_(North_America)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Time Zone (North America)">Central</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9205:00" title="UTC−05:00">UTC−05:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Daylight Time">CDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">southwest</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9207:00" title="UTC−07:00">UTC−07:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mountain_Time_Zone" title="Mountain Time Zone">Mountain</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9206:00" title="UTC−06:00">UTC−06:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mountain_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain Daylight Time">MDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_abbreviations" title="List of U.S. state and territory abbreviations">USPS abbreviation</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">ND</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:US" title="ISO 3166-2:US">US-ND</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_abbreviations" title="List of U.S. state and territory abbreviations">Traditional abbreviation</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">N.D., N.Dak., No.Dak</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Latitude</th><td class="infobox-data">45° 56′ N to <a href="/wiki/49th_parallel_north" title="49th parallel north">49° 00′ N</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Longitude</th><td class="infobox-data">96° 33′ W to 104° 03′ W</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nd.gov">nd<wbr />.gov</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1141396924">.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-none{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-center{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-title{font-size:120%}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-subheader{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cddeff}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-island{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cef2e0}</style><table class="infobox ib-region-symbols"><caption class="infobox-title">State symbols of North Dakota</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:85%; white-space:nowrap;"><span style="font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_North_Dakota_state_symbols" title="List of North Dakota state symbols">List of state symbols</a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_North_Dakota.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Flag_of_North_Dakota.svg/250px-Flag_of_North_Dakota.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Flag_of_North_Dakota.svg/375px-Flag_of_North_Dakota.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Flag_of_North_Dakota.svg/500px-Flag_of_North_Dakota.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1247" data-file-height="983" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_North_Dakota" title="Flag of North Dakota">Flag of North Dakota</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Seal_of_North_Dakota.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Great_Seal_of_North_Dakota.svg/150px-Great_Seal_of_North_Dakota.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Great_Seal_of_North_Dakota.svg/225px-Great_Seal_of_North_Dakota.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Great_Seal_of_North_Dakota.svg/300px-Great_Seal_of_North_Dakota.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="398" data-file-height="398" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_North_Dakota" title="Seal of North Dakota">Seal of North Dakota</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_North_Dakota.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Dakota.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Dakota.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Dakota.svg/225px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Dakota.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Dakota.svg/300px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Dakota.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="133" data-file-height="213" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Dakota" title="Coat of arms of North Dakota">Coat of arms of North Dakota</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid">Living insignia</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_birds" title="List of U.S. state birds">Bird</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Western_meadowlark" title="Western meadowlark">Western meadowlark</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_fish" title="List of U.S. state fish">Fish</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Northern_pike" title="Northern pike">Northern pike</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_flowers" title="List of U.S. state and territory flowers">Flower</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wild_prairie_rose" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild prairie rose">Wild prairie rose</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fruit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chokecherry" class="mw-redirect" title="Chokecherry">Chokecherry</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_grasses" title="List of U.S. state grasses">Grass</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Western_wheatgrass" class="mw-redirect" title="Western wheatgrass">Western wheatgrass</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_insects" title="List of U.S. state insects">Insect</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Western_honeybee" class="mw-redirect" title="Western honeybee">Western honeybee</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_mammals" title="List of U.S. state mammals">Mammal</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nokota_horse" title="Nokota horse">Nokota horse</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_trees" title="List of U.S. state and territory trees">Tree</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/American_Elm" class="mw-redirect" title="American Elm">American Elm</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid">Inanimate insignia</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_beverages" title="List of U.S. state beverages">Beverage</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Milk" title="Milk">Milk</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_dances" title="List of U.S. state dances">Dance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Square_dance" title="Square dance">Square dance</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Line_dance" title="Line dance">Line dance</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_fossils" title="List of U.S. state fossils">Fossil</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Petrified_wood" title="Petrified wood">Teredo petrified wood</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"><a href="/wiki/Numbered_highways_in_the_United_States#State_highways" title="Numbered highways in the United States">State route marker</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ND-200_(2015).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Route marker"><img alt="Route marker" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/ND-200_%282015%29.svg/106px-ND-200_%282015%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/ND-200_%282015%29.svg/160px-ND-200_%282015%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/ND-200_%282015%29.svg/213px-ND-200_%282015%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_United_States_state_symbols" title="Lists of United States state symbols">Lists of United States state symbols</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>North Dakota</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"> </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/de\/En-us-North_Dakota.ogg\/En-us-North_Dakota.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-North Dakota.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/En-us-North_Dakota.ogg/En-us-North_Dakota.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-North_Dakota.ogg" title="File:En-us-North Dakota.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">də-<span style="font-size:90%">KOH</span>-tə</i></a>)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a landlocked <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Midwest" title="Upper Midwest">Upper Midwest</a>, named after the indigenous <a href="/wiki/Dakota_people" title="Dakota people">Dakota</a> <a href="/wiki/Sioux" title="Sioux">Sioux</a>. It is bordered by the Canadian provinces of <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a> to the north and by the U.S. states of <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a> to the east, <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a> to the south, and <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a> to the west. North Dakota is part of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a> region, characterized by broad <a href="/wiki/Prairie" title="Prairie">prairies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steppe" title="Steppe">steppe</a>, temperate <a href="/wiki/Savanna" title="Savanna">savanna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Badlands" title="Badlands">badlands</a>, and farmland. North Dakota is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_area" title="List of U.S. states and territories by area">19th-largest state</a> by area, but with a population of just under 800,000, it is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of U.S. states and territories by population">fourth-least populous</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. states by population density">fourth-most sparsely populated</a>. The <a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">state capital</a> is <a href="/wiki/Bismarck,_North_Dakota" title="Bismarck, North Dakota">Bismarck</a> while the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_North_Dakota" title="List of cities in North Dakota">most populous city</a> is <a href="/wiki/Fargo,_North_Dakota" title="Fargo, North Dakota">Fargo</a>, which accounts for nearly a fifth of the state's population; both cities are among the fastest-growing in the U.S., although half of all residents live in rural areas. </p><p>What is now North Dakota was inhabited for thousands of years by various <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> tribes, including the <a href="/wiki/Mandan,_Hidatsa,_and_Arikara_Nation" title="Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation">Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara</a> along the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_River" title="Missouri River">Missouri River</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Ojibwe" title="Ojibwe">Ojibwe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cree" title="Cree">Cree</a> in the northeast; and several Sioux groups (the <a href="/wiki/Assiniboine" title="Assiniboine">Nakota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dakota_people" title="Dakota people">Dakota</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lakota_people" title="Lakota people">Lakota</a>) across the rest of the state. European explorers and traders first arrived in the early 18th century, mostly in pursuit of lucrative furs. </p><p>The United States acquired the region in the early 19th century, gradually settling it amid <a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">growing resistance</a> by increasingly displaced natives. The <a href="/wiki/Dakota_Territory" title="Dakota Territory">Dakota Territory</a>, established in 1861, became central to <a href="/wiki/American_pioneer" title="American pioneer">American pioneers</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Homestead_Act_of_1862" class="mw-redirect" title="Homestead Act of 1862">Homestead Act of 1862</a> precipitating significant population growth and development. The traditional fur trade declined in favor of farming, particularly of wheat. The subsequent Dakota Boom from 1878 to 1886 saw giant farms stretched across the rolling prairies, with the territory becoming a regional economic power. The <a href="/wiki/Northern_Pacific_Railway" title="Northern Pacific Railway">Northern Pacific</a> and <a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_Railway_(U.S.)" title="Great Northern Railway (U.S.)">Great Northern</a> railway companies competed for access to lucrative grain centers; farmers banded together in political and socioeconomic alliances that were core to the broader <a href="/wiki/Populist_movement_(United_States,_19th_Century)" class="mw-redirect" title="Populist movement (United States, 19th Century)">Populist Movement</a> of the Midwest. North and South Dakota were <a href="/wiki/Admission_to_the_Union" title="Admission to the Union">admitted to the Union</a> on November 2, 1889, as the 39th and 40th states. President <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison" title="Benjamin Harrison">Benjamin Harrison</a> shuffled the statehood papers before signing them so that no one could tell which became a state first; consequently, the two states are officially numbered in alphabetical order.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Statehood marked the gradual winding-down of the pioneer period, with the state fully settled by around 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequent decades saw a rise in radical agrarian movements and economic cooperatives, of which one legacy is the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_North_Dakota" title="Bank of North Dakota">Bank of North Dakota</a>, the only state-run bank in the U.S. </p><p>Beginning in the mid-20th century, North Dakota's rich <a href="/wiki/Natural_resource" title="Natural resource">natural resources</a> became more critical to economic development; into the 21st century, <a href="/wiki/Extraction_of_petroleum" title="Extraction of petroleum">oil extraction</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Bakken_formation" title="Bakken formation">Bakken formation</a> in the northwest has played a <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_oil_boom" title="North Dakota oil boom">major role</a> in the state's prosperity. Such development has led to population growth (along with high birth rates) and reduced unemployment. It ranks relatively well in metrics such as infrastructure, <a href="/wiki/Quality_of_life" title="Quality of life">quality of life</a>, economic opportunity, and public safety. It is believed to host the geographic center of North America, <a href="/wiki/Rugby,_North_Dakota" title="Rugby, North Dakota">Rugby</a>, and is home to what was once the tallest artificial structure in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a>, the <a href="/wiki/KVLY-TV" title="KVLY-TV">KVLY-TV</a> <a href="/wiki/KVLY-TV_mast" title="KVLY-TV mast">mast</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_North_Dakota" title="History of North Dakota">History of North Dakota</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-colonial_history">Pre-colonial history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pre-colonial history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Native American people lived in what is now North Dakota for thousands of years before the arrival of Europeans. The known tribes included the <a href="/wiki/Mandan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandan people">Mandan people</a> (from around the 11th century),<sup id="cite_ref-auto_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the first <a href="/wiki/Hidatsa" title="Hidatsa">Hidatsa</a> group arrived a few hundred years later.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They both assembled in villages on tributaries of the Missouri River in what would become west-central North Dakota. <a href="/wiki/Crow_Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Crow Nation">Crow Indians</a> traveled the plains from the west to visit and trade with the related Hidatsas<sup id="cite_ref-auto_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after the split between them, probably in the 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later came divisions of the <a href="/wiki/Sioux" title="Sioux">Sioux</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Lakota_people" title="Lakota people">Lakota</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dakota_people" title="Dakota people">Santee</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Assiniboine" title="Assiniboine">Yanktonai</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Assiniboine" title="Assiniboine">Assiniboine</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Plains_Cree_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Plains Cree people">Plains Cree</a> undertook southward journeys to the village Indians, either for trade or for war.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Shoshone" title="Shoshone">Shoshone Indians</a> in present-day Wyoming and Montana may have carried out attacks on Indian enemies as far east as the Missouri.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A group of <a href="/wiki/Cheyenne" title="Cheyenne">Cheyennes</a> lived in a village of earth lodges at the lower <a href="/wiki/Sheyenne_River" title="Sheyenne River">Sheyenne River</a> (<a href="/wiki/Biesterfeldt_Site" title="Biesterfeldt Site">Biesterfeldt Site</a>) for decades in the 18th century. </p><p>Due to attacks by Crees, Assiniboines and <a href="/wiki/Ojibwe" title="Ojibwe">Chippewas</a> armed with firearms<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (July 2021)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, they left the area around 1780 and crossed Missouri some time after.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A band of the few <a href="/wiki/Cheyenne" title="Cheyenne">Sotaio Indians</a> lived east of Missouri River and met the uprooted Cheyennes before the end of the century. They soon followed the Cheyennes across Missouri and lived among them south of <a href="/wiki/Cannonball_River" title="Cannonball River">Cannonball River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eventually, the Cheyenne and the Sutaio became one tribe and turned into mounted buffalo hunters with ranges mainly outside North Dakota. Before the middle of the 19th century, the <a href="/wiki/Arikara" title="Arikara">Arikara</a> entered the future state from the south and joined the Mandan and Hidatsa.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With time, a number of Indians entered into treaties with the United States. Many of the treaties defined the territory of a specific tribe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_exploration_and_colonization">European exploration and colonization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: European exploration and colonization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first European to reach the area was the <a href="/wiki/French-Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="French-Canadian">French-Canadian</a> trader <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Gaultier_de_Varennes,_sieur_de_La_V%C3%A9rendrye" title="Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye">Pierre Gaultier, sieur de La Vérendrye</a>, who led an exploration and trading party to the <a href="/wiki/Mandan" title="Mandan">Mandan</a> villages in 1738 guided by Assiniboine Indians.<sup id="cite_ref-atlas_of_canada_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atlas_of_canada-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1762 to 1800, the region formed part of <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_Spain)" title="Louisiana (New Spain)">Spanish Louisiana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_Union_Trading_Post_NHS.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Fort_Union_Trading_Post_NHS.JPG/220px-Fort_Union_Trading_Post_NHS.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Fort_Union_Trading_Post_NHS.JPG/330px-Fort_Union_Trading_Post_NHS.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Fort_Union_Trading_Post_NHS.JPG/440px-Fort_Union_Trading_Post_NHS.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fort_Union_Trading_Post_National_Historic_Site" title="Fort Union Trading Post National Historic Site">Fort Union Trading Post National Historic Site</a></figcaption></figure><p>On 1 October 1800, the <a href="/wiki/Third_Treaty_of_San_Ildefonso" title="Third Treaty of San Ildefonso">Third Treaty of San Ildefonso</a> was signed, and the territory of Spanish Louisiana was transferred to France as part of <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_France)" title="Louisiana (New France)">French Louisiana</a>, which was later sold to the United States in the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase" title="Louisiana Purchase">Louisiana Purchase</a>. </p><p>The northwestern portion of the state, corresponding to the <a href="/wiki/Red_River_Valley" title="Red River Valley">Red River Valley</a> and the drainage basin to the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Bay" title="Hudson Bay">Hudson Bay</a> was, at the time, part of <a href="/wiki/Rupert%27s_Land" title="Rupert's Land">Rupert's Land</a>, a <a href="/wiki/British_North_America" title="British North America">British North American</a> territory. It remained under control of the <a href="/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company" title="Hudson's Bay Company">Hudson's Bay Company</a> until the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_1818" title="Treaty of 1818">Anglo-American Convention of 1818</a>, which set the border between it and the United States to the <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Canada–United States border">49th parallel</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Settlement_and_statehood">Settlement and statehood</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Settlement and statehood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dakota_Territory" title="Dakota Territory">Dakota Territory</a></div> <p>European Americans settled in Dakota Territory only sparsely until the late 19th century, when railroads opened up the region. With the advantage of grants of land, they vigorously marketed their properties, extolling the region as ideal for agriculture. </p><p>Differences between the northern and southern part caused resentments between the settlers. The northern part was seen by the more populated southern part as somewhat disreputable, "too much controlled by the wild folks, cattle ranchers, fur traders" and too frequently the site of conflict with the indigenous population. The northern part was generally content with remaining a territory. However, following the territorial capital being moved from <a href="/wiki/Yankton,_South_Dakota" title="Yankton, South Dakota">Yankton</a> in the southern part to Bismarck, the southern part began to call for division. Finally, at the 1887 territorial election, the voters approved splitting the territory into two. The division was done by the seventh standard parallel.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other account(s) state that the real reason for the split was a political lure for four Republican senators instead of two from the Republican dominated Dakota Territory and in their push to split the territory, Republican congressmen also ignored the uncomfortable fact that much of the land in the anticipated state of South Dakota belonged to the Sioux.<sup id="cite_ref-richardson_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-richardson-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ndstudies.gov_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ndstudies.gov-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Congress passed an omnibus bill for statehood for North Dakota, <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a>, titled the <a href="/wiki/Enabling_Act_of_1889" title="Enabling Act of 1889">Enabling Act of 1889</a>, on February 22, 1889, during the administration of President <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a>. His successor, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison" title="Benjamin Harrison">Benjamin Harrison</a>, signed the proclamations formally admitting North Dakota and South Dakota to the Union on November 2, 1889.<sup id="cite_ref-washington_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washington-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There was a rivalry between the two new states that which one would be admitted first. So Harrison directed Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/James_G._Blaine" title="James G. Blaine">James G. Blaine</a> to shuffle the papers and obscure from him which he was signing first to keep both the states happy and to avoid showing favor to either state. The actual order went unrecorded, thus no one knows which of the Dakotas was admitted first.<sup id="cite_ref-using_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-using-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nd_boundaries_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nd_boundaries-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ndstudies.gov_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ndstudies.gov-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, since <i>North Dakota</i> alphabetically appears before <i>South Dakota</i>, its proclamation was published first in the Statutes At Large. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unrest among wheat farmers, especially among Norwegian <a href="/wiki/Immigrants" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigrants">immigrants</a>, led to a populist political movement centered in the <a href="/wiki/Non_Partisan_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Non Partisan League">Non Partisan League</a> ("NPL") around the time of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. The NPL ran candidates on the Republican ticket (but merged into the <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Democratic-Nonpartisan_League_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="North Dakota Democratic-Nonpartisan League Party">Democratic Party</a> after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>). It tried to insulate North Dakota from the power of out-of-state banks and corporations. </p><p>In addition to founding the state-owned <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_North_Dakota" title="Bank of North Dakota">Bank of North Dakota</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Mill_and_Elevator" title="North Dakota Mill and Elevator">North Dakota Mill and Elevator</a> (both still in existence), the NPL established a state-owned railroad line (later sold to the <a href="/wiki/Soo_Line_Railroad" title="Soo Line Railroad">Soo Line Railroad</a>). Anti-corporate laws virtually prohibited a corporation or bank from owning title to land zoned as farmland. These laws, still in force today, after having been upheld by state and federal courts, make it almost impossible to foreclose on farmland, as even after foreclosure, the property title cannot be held by a bank or mortgage company.<sup id="cite_ref-state-law_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-state-law-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, the Bank of North Dakota, having powers similar to a Federal Reserve branch bank, exercised its power to limit the issuance of subprime mortgages and their collateralization in the form of derivative instruments, and so prevented a collapse of housing prices within the state in the wake of 2008's financial crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-state_bank_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-state_bank-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2009-0521-ND-StateCapitol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/2009-0521-ND-StateCapitol.jpg/220px-2009-0521-ND-StateCapitol.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/2009-0521-ND-StateCapitol.jpg/330px-2009-0521-ND-StateCapitol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/2009-0521-ND-StateCapitol.jpg/440px-2009-0521-ND-StateCapitol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_State_Capitol" title="North Dakota State Capitol">North Dakota State Capitol</a>, featuring an Art Deco tower</figcaption></figure> <p>The original <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_State_Capitol" title="North Dakota State Capitol">North Dakota State Capitol</a> in Bismarck burned to the ground on December 28, 1930. It was replaced by a <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a>-faced <a href="/wiki/Art-deco" class="mw-redirect" title="Art-deco">art-deco</a> skyscraper that still stands today.<sup id="cite_ref-capitol_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-capitol-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A round of federal investment and construction projects began in the 1950s, including the <a href="/wiki/Garrison_Dam" title="Garrison Dam">Garrison Dam</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Minot_Air_Force_Base" title="Minot Air Force Base">Minot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Forks_Air_Force_Base" title="Grand Forks Air Force Base">Grand Forks</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">Air Force</a> bases.<sup id="cite_ref-timeline_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeline-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Western North Dakota saw a boom in <a href="/wiki/Oil_exploration" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil exploration">oil exploration</a> in the late 1970s and early 1980s, as rising petroleum prices made development profitable.<sup id="cite_ref-nd_history_summary_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nd_history_summary-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This boom came to an end after petroleum prices declined.<sup id="cite_ref-nd_history_summary_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nd_history_summary-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_oil_boom" title="North Dakota oil boom">North Dakota oil boom</a></div> <p>In 2010, the state had lower rates of unemployment than the national average,<sup id="cite_ref-businessinsider_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-businessinsider-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and increased job and population growth.<sup id="cite_ref-startribune_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-startribune-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much of the growth has been based on development of the <a href="/wiki/Bakken_formation" title="Bakken formation">Bakken oil fields</a> in the western part of the state.<sup id="cite_ref-usatoday30.usatoday_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usatoday30.usatoday-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Estimates as to the remaining amount of oil in the area vary, with some estimating over 100 years' worth.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For decades, North Dakota's annual murder and violent crime rates were regularly the lowest in the United States. In recent years, however, while still below the national average, crime has risen sharply. In 2016, the violent crime rate was three times higher than in 2004, with the rise occurring mostly in the late 2000s, coinciding with the oil boom era. This happened at a time when the national violent crime rate declined slightly.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Workers in the oil boom towns have been blamed for much of the increase.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_North_Dakota" title="Geography of North Dakota">Geography of North Dakota</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_North_Dakota_counties" class="mw-redirect" title="List of North Dakota counties">List of North Dakota counties</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_North_Dakota" title="Geology of North Dakota">Geology of North Dakota</a></div> <p>North Dakota is located in the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Midwest" title="Upper Midwest">Upper Midwest</a> region of the United States. It lies at the center of the <a href="/wiki/North_American_continent" class="mw-redirect" title="North American continent">North American continent</a> and borders <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> to the north. The geographic center of North America is near the town of <a href="/wiki/Rugby,_North_Dakota" title="Rugby, North Dakota">Rugby</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bismarck,_North_Dakota" title="Bismarck, North Dakota">Bismarck</a> is the capital of North Dakota, and <a href="/wiki/Fargo,_North_Dakota" title="Fargo, North Dakota">Fargo</a> is the most populous city. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_North_Dakota.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Western_North_Dakota.JPG/220px-Western_North_Dakota.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Western_North_Dakota.JPG/330px-Western_North_Dakota.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Western_North_Dakota.JPG/440px-Western_North_Dakota.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>View of western North Dakota</figcaption></figure> <p>North Dakota is in the U.S. region known as the <a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a>. The state shares the <a href="/wiki/Red_River_of_the_North" title="Red River of the North">Red River of the North</a> with <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a> to the east. <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a> is to the south, <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a> is to the west, and the Canadian provinces of <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a> are to the north. North Dakota is near the middle of <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> with a stone marker in <a href="/wiki/Rugby,_North_Dakota" title="Rugby, North Dakota">Rugby, North Dakota</a> marking the "Geographic Center of the North American Continent". With an area of 70,762 square miles (183,273 km<sup>2</sup>),<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 69,001 square miles (178,712 km<sup>2</sup>) of which is land,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> North Dakota is the 19th largest state.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The western half of the state consists of the hilly <a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a> as well as the northern part of the <a href="/wiki/Badlands" title="Badlands">Badlands</a>, which are to the west of the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_River" title="Missouri River">Missouri River</a>. The state's high point, <a href="/wiki/White_Butte_(North_Dakota)" title="White Butte (North Dakota)">White Butte</a> at 3,506 feet (1,069 m), and <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_National_Park" title="Theodore Roosevelt National Park">Theodore Roosevelt National Park</a><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are in the Badlands. The region is abundant in <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel">fossil fuels</a> including <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">crude oil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lignite" title="Lignite">lignite</a> coal. The <a href="/wiki/Missouri_River" title="Missouri River">Missouri River</a> forms <a href="/wiki/Lake_Sakakawea" title="Lake Sakakawea">Lake Sakakawea</a>, the third largest artificial lake in the United States, behind the <a href="/wiki/Garrison_Dam" title="Garrison Dam">Garrison Dam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The central region of the state is divided into the <a href="/wiki/Drift_Prairie" title="Drift Prairie">Drift Prairie</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Plateau" class="mw-redirect" title="Missouri Plateau">Missouri Plateau</a>. The eastern part of the state consists of the flat <a href="/wiki/Red_River_Valley" title="Red River Valley">Red River Valley</a>, the bottom of glacial <a href="/wiki/Lake_Agassiz" title="Lake Agassiz">Lake Agassiz</a>. Its fertile soil, drained by the meandering <a href="/wiki/Red_River_of_the_North" title="Red River of the North">Red River</a> flowing northward into <a href="/wiki/Lake_Winnipeg" title="Lake Winnipeg">Lake Winnipeg</a>, supports a large agriculture industry.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Devils_Lake_(North_Dakota)" title="Devils Lake (North Dakota)">Devils Lake</a>, the largest natural lake in the state, is also found in the east.<sup id="cite_ref-50states_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50states-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2016-america-the-beautiful-quarters-coin-theodore-roosevelt-north-dakota-uncirculated-reverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/2016-america-the-beautiful-quarters-coin-theodore-roosevelt-north-dakota-uncirculated-reverse.jpg/220px-2016-america-the-beautiful-quarters-coin-theodore-roosevelt-north-dakota-uncirculated-reverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/2016-america-the-beautiful-quarters-coin-theodore-roosevelt-north-dakota-uncirculated-reverse.jpg/330px-2016-america-the-beautiful-quarters-coin-theodore-roosevelt-north-dakota-uncirculated-reverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/2016-america-the-beautiful-quarters-coin-theodore-roosevelt-north-dakota-uncirculated-reverse.jpg/440px-2016-america-the-beautiful-quarters-coin-theodore-roosevelt-north-dakota-uncirculated-reverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Little_Missouri_River_(North_Dakota)" title="Little Missouri River (North Dakota)">Little Missouri River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_National_Park" title="Theodore Roosevelt National Park">Theodore Roosevelt National Park</a> appear with <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a> on the reverse of the 2016 <a href="/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_quarters" title="America the Beautiful quarters">America the Beautiful quarter</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Most of the state is covered in <a href="/wiki/Grassland" title="Grassland">grassland</a>; crops cover most of eastern North Dakota but become increasingly sparse in the center and farther west. Natural trees in North Dakota are found usually where there is good drainage, such as the ravines and valley near the <a href="/wiki/Pembina_Gorge_State_Recreation_Area" title="Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area">Pembina Gorge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Killdeer_Mountains" title="Killdeer Mountains">Killdeer Mountains</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Turtle_Mountain_(plateau)" title="Turtle Mountain (plateau)">Turtle Mountains</a>, the hills around Devils Lake, in the dunes area of McHenry County in central North Dakota, and along the Sheyenne Valley slopes and the Sheyenne delta. This diverse terrain supports nearly 2,000 species of plants.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Soil is North Dakota's most precious resource. It is the base of the state's great agricultural wealth. North Dakota also has enormous mineral resources. These mineral resources include billions of tons of lignite coal. In addition, North Dakota has large oil reserves. <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">Petroleum</a> was discovered in the state in 1951 and quickly became one of North Dakota's most valuable mineral resources. In the early 2000s, the emergence of hydraulic fracturing technologies enabled mining companies to extract huge amounts of oil from the Bakken shale rock formation in the western part of the state.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>North Dakota public lands</b> </p><p>5 national parks, 5 state forests, 63 national wildlife refuges, 3 national grassland, and 13 state parks<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> plus there are state trust land, bureau of land management, waterfowl production areas, bureau of reclamation, bureau of land management, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, state wildlife management areas<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>North Dakota wildlife</b> </p><p>Currently there are 36 Level I species, 44 Level II species, and 35 Level III species.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_North_Dakota" title="List of birds of North Dakota">List of birds of North Dakota</a></b> The basic NDGFD list contains 420 confirmed and extant species, two extinct species. Three additional species have been added from the North Dakota Bird Records Committee (NDBRC) review list with some additions from <a href="/wiki/Avibase" title="Avibase">Avibase</a>. The combined lists contain 420 species. Of them, 194 and a subspecies are on the review list (see below). The NDGFD list considers 44 species to be accidental, and eight species have been <a href="/wiki/Introduced_species" title="Introduced species">introduced</a> to North America.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_North_Dakota" title="List of mammals of North Dakota">List of mammals of North Dakota</a></b> 87 species are known to live in the state. This includes mammals that are currently extirpated or locally extinct in North Dakota such as the <a href="/wiki/Gray_wolf" class="mw-redirect" title="Gray wolf">gray wolf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swift_fox" title="Swift fox">swift fox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caribou" class="mw-redirect" title="Caribou">caribou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grizzly_bear" title="Grizzly bear">grizzly bear</a>. </p><p><b><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insectidentification.org/insects-by-state.php?thisState=North%20Dakota">List of insects of North Dakota</a></b> <sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1,126 Species known in North Dakota </p><p><b><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gf.nd.gov/wildlife/id/fish/state-list">List of fish of North Dakota</a></b> <sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 98 Species are currently known in North Dakota </p><p><b><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gf.nd.gov/gnf/conservation/docs/amphibian-reptile-brochure.pdf">List of reptiles/amphibians of North Dakota</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230302054713/https://gf.nd.gov/gnf/conservation/docs/amphibian-reptile-brochure.pdf">Archived</a> March 2, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 16 Species of Reptiles and 12 Amphibians found in the state. </p><p><b>List of crustaceans/mussels of North Dakota</b> </p><p><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three species of crawfish are found in North Dakota: Devil, Calico, and Virile </p><p>North Dakota is home to three freshwater shrimp species, gammarus, hyalella and mysis. The latter is an introduced species stocked in Lake Sakakawea in the early 1970s to add to the forage base. </p><p><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cvancara's <i>Aquatic Mussels of North Dakota</i> from 1983. He documented 13 species of what are generally referred to as clams in the state along with 13 species of pill clams, which are very small clams, in the order of a few millimeters in length. He also documented 22 species of snails in the state. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_North_Dakota" title="Climate of North Dakota">Climate of North Dakota</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Dakota_K%C3%B6ppen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/North_Dakota_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/390px-North_Dakota_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="390" height="341" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/North_Dakota_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/585px-North_Dakota_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/North_Dakota_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/780px-North_Dakota_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1260" /></a><figcaption>Köppen climate types of North Dakota</figcaption></figure> <p>North Dakota has a <a href="/wiki/Continental_climate" title="Continental climate">continental climate</a> with warm summers and cold winters. The temperature differences are significant because of its far inland position and being roughly equal distance from the North Pole and the Equator. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto;"> <caption>Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for selected cities in North Dakota<sup id="cite_ref-North_Dakota_climate_averages_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-North_Dakota_climate_averages-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Location </th> <th>July (°F) </th> <th>July (°C) </th> <th>January (°F) </th> <th>January (°C) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fargo,_North_Dakota" title="Fargo, North Dakota">Fargo</a></td> <td>82/59</td> <td>28/15</td> <td>18/0</td> <td>−7/−17 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bismarck,_North_Dakota" title="Bismarck, North Dakota">Bismarck</a></td> <td>84/57</td> <td>29/14</td> <td>23/2</td> <td>−5/−16 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Grand_Forks,_North_Dakota" title="Grand Forks, North Dakota">Grand Forks</a></td> <td>81/56</td> <td>27/13</td> <td>16/−3</td> <td>−8/−19 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Minot,_North_Dakota" title="Minot, North Dakota">Minot</a></td> <td>81/58</td> <td>27/14</td> <td>21/3</td> <td>−6/−16 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Fargo,_North_Dakota" title="West Fargo, North Dakota">West Fargo</a></td> <td>82/59</td> <td>28/15</td> <td>16/-2</td> <td>−9/−19 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Williston,_North_Dakota" title="Williston, North Dakota">Williston</a></td> <td>84/56</td> <td>29/13</td> <td>22/0</td> <td>−5/−17 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dickinson,_North_Dakota" title="Dickinson, North Dakota">Dickinson</a></td> <td>83/55</td> <td>28/12</td> <td>26/6</td> <td>−3/−14 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mandan,_North_Dakota" title="Mandan, North Dakota">Mandan</a></td> <td>84/57</td> <td>29/14</td> <td>20/−1</td> <td>−6/−18 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Monthly maximum and minimum temperatures (°F/°C) in North Dakota<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Month </th> <th>Maximum <p>°F (°C) </p> </th> <th>Year </th> <th>Place </th> <th>Minimum <p>°F (°C) </p> </th> <th>Year </th> <th>Place </th></tr> <tr> <th>Jan </th> <td>70/21 </td> <td>1908 </td> <td>Chilcot </td> <td>-56/-49 </td> <td>1916 </td> <td>Goodall </td></tr> <tr> <th>Feb </th> <td>72/22 </td> <td>1992 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Yates,_North_Dakota" title="Fort Yates, North Dakota">Fort Yates</a><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>-60/-51 </td> <td>1936 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parshall,_North_Dakota" title="Parshall, North Dakota">Parshall</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Mar </th> <td>90/32 </td> <td>1910 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edmore,_North_Dakota" title="Edmore, North Dakota">Edmore</a> </td> <td>-48/-44 </td> <td>1897 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/McKinney_Cemetery" title="McKinney Cemetery">McKinney</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Apr </th> <td>101/38 </td> <td>1980 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oakes,_North_Dakota" title="Oakes, North Dakota">Oakes</a> </td> <td>-24/-31 </td> <td>1975 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Powers_Lake,_North_Dakota" title="Powers Lake, North Dakota">Powers Lake</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>May </th> <td>111/44 </td> <td>1934 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Langdon,_North_Dakota" title="Langdon, North Dakota">Langdon</a> </td> <td>-3/-19 </td> <td>1967 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Larimore,_North_Dakota" title="Larimore, North Dakota">Larimore</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jun </th> <td>112/44 </td> <td>2002 </td> <td>Brien/<a href="/wiki/Flasher,_North_Dakota" title="Flasher, North Dakota">Flasher</a> </td> <td>18/-8 </td> <td>1969 </td> <td>Belcourt Indian Reservation </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jul </th> <td>121/49 </td> <td>1936 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Steele_County,_North_Dakota" title="Steele County, North Dakota">Steele</a> </td> <td>23/-5 </td> <td>1911 </td> <td>Manfred </td></tr> <tr> <th>Aug </th> <td>115/46 </td> <td>1922 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cando,_North_Dakota" title="Cando, North Dakota">Cando</a> </td> <td>19/-7 </td> <td>1915 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Rockford,_North_Dakota" title="New Rockford, North Dakota">New Rockford</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Sep </th> <td>109/43 </td> <td>1906 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Larimore,_North_Dakota" title="Larimore, North Dakota">Larimore</a> </td> <td>4/-16 </td> <td>1942 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parshall,_North_Dakota" title="Parshall, North Dakota">Parshall</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Oct </th> <td>98/37 </td> <td>1963 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Watford_City,_North_Dakota" title="Watford City, North Dakota">Watford City</a> </td> <td>-18/-28 </td> <td>1919 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zap,_North_Dakota" title="Zap, North Dakota">Zap</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Nov </th> <td>88/31 </td> <td>1909 </td> <td>Haley </td> <td>-39/-39 </td> <td>1985 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pembina,_North_Dakota" title="Pembina, North Dakota">Pembina</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Dec </th> <td>70/21 </td> <td>1939 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_England,_North_Dakota" title="New England, North Dakota">New England</a> </td> <td>-50/-46 </td> <td>1983 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tioga,_North_Dakota" title="Tioga, North Dakota">Tioga</a>/Williston </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>On February 21, 1918, <a href="/wiki/Granville,_North_Dakota" title="Granville, North Dakota">Granville, North Dakota</a> experienced a record-breaking 83 °F temperature increase over a 12-hour period, from a low of -33 °F to a high of 50 °F.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another weather record set in <a href="/wiki/Langdon,_North_Dakota" title="Langdon, North Dakota">Langdon</a> in the winter of 1935–36, with the temperature staying below 0 °F (−17.8 °C) for 41 consecutive days, January 11 though February 20. This is a record for any location in the contiguous U.S.).<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Dakota_population_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/North_Dakota_population_map.png/350px-North_Dakota_population_map.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/North_Dakota_population_map.png/525px-North_Dakota_population_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/North_Dakota_population_map.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>North Dakota population density</figcaption></figure> <p>At the 2023 estimate North Dakota's population was 783,926 on July 1, 2023, a 0.62% increase since the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 United States census</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PopEstUS_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PopEstUS-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> North Dakota is the fourth least-populous state in the country; only <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a> have fewer residents.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From fewer than 2,000 people in 1870, North Dakota's population grew to near 680,000 by 1930. Growth then slowed, and the population fluctuated slightly over the next seven decades, hitting a low of 617,761 in the 1970 census, with 642,200 in the 2000 census.<sup id="cite_ref-ndsupop_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ndsupop-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 21st Century North Dakota has experienced significant growth reaching a record population of 783,926 in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Except for <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Native Americans</a>, the North Dakota population has a lesser percentage of minorities than in the nation as a whole.<sup id="cite_ref-quickfacts_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickfacts-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2011, 20.7% of North Dakota's population younger than age<span class="nowrap"> </span>1 were minorities.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Center_of_population" title="Center of population">center of population</a> of North Dakota is in <a href="/wiki/Wells_County,_North_Dakota" title="Wells County, North Dakota">Wells County</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Sykeston,_North_Dakota" title="Sykeston, North Dakota">Sykeston</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Department of Housing and Urban Development">HUD</a>'s 2023 <a href="/wiki/Annual_Homeless_Assessment_Report_to_Congress" title="Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress">Annual Homeless Assessment Report</a>, there were an estimated 784 <a href="/wiki/Homelessness" title="Homelessness">homeless</a> people in North Dakota.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="sr-only">Note</span></th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></th><td>2,405</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td>36,909</td><td></td><td>1,434.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>190,983</td><td></td><td>417.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>319,146</td><td></td><td>67.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>577,056</td><td></td><td>80.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>646,872</td><td></td><td>12.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>680,845</td><td></td><td>5.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>641,935</td><td></td><td>−5.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>619,636</td><td></td><td>−3.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>632,446</td><td></td><td>2.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>617,761</td><td></td><td>−2.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>652,717</td><td></td><td>5.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>638,800</td><td></td><td>−2.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>642,200</td><td></td><td>0.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>672,591</td><td></td><td>4.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>779,094</td><td></td><td>15.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">2024 (est.)</th><td class="us-census-pop-estimate">796,568</td><td><sup id="cite_ref-USCensusEst2024_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USCensusEst2024-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td>2.2%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote" style="text-align: center">Source: 1910–2020<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Race_and_ethnicity">Race and ethnicity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Race and ethnicity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible"> <caption><b>North Dakota Racial and Ethnic Breakdown of Population</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Racial composition</th> <th>1980</th> <th>1990<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>2000<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>2010<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>2020<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_whites" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino whites">White</a> alone (NH)</td> <td>623,152 (95.47%)</td> <td>601,592 (94.18%)</td> <td>589,149 (91.74%)</td> <td>598,007 (88.91%)</td> <td><b>636,160 (81.65%)</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_African_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans">Black or African American</a> alone (NH)</td> <td>2,539 (0.39%)</td> <td>3,451 (0.54%)</td> <td>3,761 (0.59%)</td> <td>7,720 (1.15%)</td> <td><b>26,152 (3.36%)</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Native">Alaska Native</a> alone (NH)</td> <td>20,134 (3.08%)</td> <td>25,590 (4.01)%</td> <td>30,772 (4.79%)</td> <td>35,562 (5.29%)</td> <td><b>37,350 (4.79%)</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> alone (NH)</td> <td>1,976 (0.30%)</td> <td>3,345 (0.52%)</td> <td>3,566 (0.56%)</td> <td>6,839 (1.02%)</td> <td><b>13,050 (1.68%)</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander</a> alone (NH)</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>218 (0.03%)</td> <td>290 (0.04%)</td> <td><b>869 (0.11%)</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_census" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States census">Other race</a> alone (NH)</td> <td>1,014 (0.16%)</td> <td>157 (0.02%)</td> <td>282 (0.04%)</td> <td>341 (0.05%)</td> <td><b>1,853 (0.24%)</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Mixed race or multiracial</a> (NH)</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>6,666 (1.04%)</td> <td>10,365 (1.54%)</td> <td><b>30,248 (3.88%)</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> (any race)</td> <td>3,902 (0.60%)</td> <td>4,665 (0.73%)</td> <td>7,786 (1.21%)</td> <td>13,467 (2.00%)</td> <td><b>33,412 (4.29%)</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total</b></td> <td><b>652,717 (100.00%)</b></td> <td><b>638,800 (100.00%)</b></td> <td><b>642,200 (100.00%)</b></td> <td><b>672,591 (100.00%)</b></td> <td><b>779,094 (100.00%)</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnic_Origins_in_North_Dakota.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Ethnic_Origins_in_North_Dakota.png/220px-Ethnic_Origins_in_North_Dakota.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Ethnic_Origins_in_North_Dakota.png/330px-Ethnic_Origins_in_North_Dakota.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Ethnic_Origins_in_North_Dakota.png/440px-Ethnic_Origins_in_North_Dakota.png 2x" data-file-width="6347" data-file-height="5000" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic origins in North Dakota</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Dakota_Counties_by_race_(2020_census).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/North_Dakota_Counties_by_race_%282020_census%29.svg/193px-North_Dakota_Counties_by_race_%282020_census%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="193" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/North_Dakota_Counties_by_race_%282020_census%29.svg/290px-North_Dakota_Counties_by_race_%282020_census%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/North_Dakota_Counties_by_race_%282020_census%29.svg/386px-North_Dakota_Counties_by_race_%282020_census%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="273" data-file-height="164" /></a><figcaption>Map of counties in North Dakota by racial plurality, per the 2020 U.S. census <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <b>Non-Hispanic White</b> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#cc4125; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 50–60%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#a61c00; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 60–70%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#85200c; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 70–80%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#5b0f00; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 80–90%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#410b00; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 90%+</div> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <b>Native American</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#93c47d; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 50–60%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#38761d; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 70–80%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#274e13; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 80–90%</div>   </td></tr></tbody></table></div></figcaption></figure> <p><i>Note: Births in table don't add up, because Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number</i>. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"> <caption>Live births by single race/ethnicity of mother </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States Census">Race</a> </th> <th>2013<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2014<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2015<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2016<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2017<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2018<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2019<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2020<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2021<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2022<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">White</a>: </td> <td>8,940 (84.3%) </td> <td>9,509 (83.7%) </td> <td>9,354 (82.7%) </td> <td>... </td> <td>... </td> <td>... </td> <td>... </td> <td>... </td> <td>... </td></tr> <tr> <td>> <a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_Whites" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic Whites">Non-Hispanic White</a> </td> <td>8,531 (80.5%) </td> <td>9,036 (79.5%) </td> <td>8,796 (77.7%) </td> <td>8,486 (74.5%) </td> <td>7,931 (73.9%) </td> <td>7,816 (73.5%) </td> <td>7,567 (72.4%) </td> <td>7,199 (71.6%) </td> <td>7,407 (73.2%) </td> <td>6,965 (72.8%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">American Indian</a> </td> <td>1,021 (9.6%) </td> <td>1,032 (9.1%) </td> <td>985 (8.7%) </td> <td>875 (7.7%) </td> <td>820 (7.6%) </td> <td>844 (7.9%) </td> <td>803 (7.7%) </td> <td>771 (7.7%) </td> <td>685 (6.8%) </td> <td>643 (6.7%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">Black</a> </td> <td>375 (3.5%) </td> <td>504 (4.4%) </td> <td>640 (5.6%) </td> <td>612 (5.4%) </td> <td>608 (5.7%) </td> <td>609 (5.7%) </td> <td>651 (6.2%) </td> <td>659 (6.5%) </td> <td>595 (5.9%) </td> <td>585 (6.1%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> </td> <td>263 (2.5%) </td> <td>314 (2.8%) </td> <td>344 (3.0%) </td> <td>303 (2.7%) </td> <td>286 (2.7%) </td> <td>250 (2.4%) </td> <td>244 (2.3%) </td> <td>250 (2.5%) </td> <td>199 (2.0%) </td> <td>183 (1.9%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic</a></i> (of any race) </td> <td><i>436</i> (4.1%) </td> <td><i>480</i> (4.2%) </td> <td><i>580</i> (5.1%) </td> <td><i>584</i> (5.1%) </td> <td><i>587</i> (5.5%) </td> <td><i>635</i> (6.0%) </td> <td><i>651</i> (6.2%) </td> <td><i>672</i> (6.7%) </td> <td><i>671</i> (6.6%) </td> <td><i>671</i> (7.0%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total North Dakota</b> </td> <td><b>10,599</b> (100%) </td> <td><b>11,359</b> (100%) </td> <td><b>11,314</b> (100%) </td> <td><b>11,383</b> (100%) </td> <td><b>10,737</b> (100%) </td> <td><b>10,636</b> (100%) </td> <td><b>10,454</b> (100%) </td> <td><b>10,059</b> (100%) </td> <td><b>10,112</b> (100%) </td> <td><b>9,567</b> (100%) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i>Since 2016, data for births of <a href="/wiki/White_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="White Hispanic and Latino Americans">White Hispanic</a> origin are not collected, but included in one Hispanic group; persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.</i> </p><p>Throughout the mid-19th century, Dakota Territory was still dominated by Native Americans; warfare and disease reduced their population at the same time Europeans and Americans were settling in the area. Throughout the latter half of the nineteenth century and into the early twentieth century, North Dakota, along with most of the Midwest U.S., experienced a mass influx of newcomers from both the eastern United States and immigrants from Europe. North Dakota was a known popular destination for immigrant farmers and general laborers and their families, mostly from <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. Much of this settlement gravitated throughout the western side of the <a href="/wiki/Red_River_Valley" title="Red River Valley">Red River Valley</a>, as was similarly seen in South Dakota and in a parallel manner in Minnesota. This area is well known for its fertile lands. By the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a>, this was among North America's richest farming regions. But a period of higher rainfall ended, and many migrants were not successful in the arid conditions. Many family plots were too small to farm successfully.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>From the 1930s until the end of the 20th century, North Dakota's population gradually declined, interrupted by a couple of brief increases. Young adults with university degrees were particularly likely to leave the state. With the advancing process of mechanization of agricultural practices, and environmental conditions requiring larger landholdings for successful agriculture, subsistence farming proved to be too risky for families. Many people moved to urban areas for jobs.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the late 20th century, one of the major causes of migration from North Dakota is the lack of skilled jobs for college graduates. Expansion of economic development programs has been urged to create skilled and high-tech jobs, but the effectiveness of such programs has been open to debate.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the first decade of the 21st century, the population increased in large part because of jobs in the oil industry related to development of <a href="/wiki/Unconventional_(oil_%26_gas)_reservoir" class="mw-redirect" title="Unconventional (oil & gas) reservoir">unconventional</a> <a href="/wiki/Tight_oil" title="Tight oil">tight oil</a> (shale oil) fields.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elsewhere, the Native American population has increased as some reservations have attracted people back from urban areas. </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010 census</a>, the racial and ethnic composition of North Dakota was 88.7% <a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">non-Hispanic white</a>, 5.4% <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a>, 1.2% <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">Black or African American</a>, 1.0% <a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a>, 0.1% <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander" title="Pacific Islander">Pacific Islander</a>, 0.5% some other race, and 0.2% from <a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">two or more races</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the 2019 <a href="/wiki/American_Community_Survey" title="American Community Survey">American Community Survey</a>, North Dakota's racial and ethnic makeup was 83.6% non-Hispanic white, 2.9% Black or African American, 5.0% Native American and Alaska Native, 1.4% Asian, 0.4% Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, 0.1% some other race, 2.7% multiracial, and 4.0% <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latin American</a> of any race.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>North Dakota is one of the top resettlement locations for refugees proportionally. According to the U.S. Office of Refugee Resettlement, in 2013–2014 "more than 68 refugees" per 100,000 North Dakotans were settled in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fiscal year 2014, 582 refugees settled in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fargo Mayor Mahoney said North Dakota accepting the most refugees per capita should be celebrated given the benefits they bring to the state.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, Lutheran Social Services of North Dakota, the state's only resettlement agency, was "awarded $458,090 in federal funding to improve refugee services".<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 29.8% of immigrants in North Dakota are from Africa leading to a rapid increase in the black proportion of the population in recent decades from 0.6% in 2000 to 3.9% in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Immigration to the United States">Immigration</a> from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 3,323 people, and migration within the country produced a net loss of 21,110 people.<sup id="cite_ref-census_cum_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census_cum-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the residents of North Dakota in 2009, 69.8% were born in North Dakota, 27.2% were born in a different state, 0.6% were born in Puerto Rico, U.S. Island areas, or born abroad to American parent(s), and 2.4% were born in another country.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The age and gender distributions approximate the national average. In 2019, 4.1% were foreign-born residents.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a> are the top countries of origin for North Dakota's immigrants.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Native_American_tribes">Native American tribes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Native American tribes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The five federally recognized tribes in North Dakota are Mandan, Hidatsa, & Arikara Nation (Three Affiliated Tribes), the Spirit Lake Nation, the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe, the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians and the Sisseton-Wahpeton Oyate Nation.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2010, 94.86% (584,496) of North Dakotans over 5 years old spoke <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> as their <a href="/wiki/Primary_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary language">primary language</a>. 5.14% (31,684) of North Dakotans spoke a language other than English. 1.39% (8,593) spoke <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, 1.37% (8,432) spoke <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, and 0.30% (1,847) spoke <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a>. Other languages spoken included <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a> (0.19%), <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a> (both 0.15%), and <a href="/wiki/Native_American_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American languages">Native American languages</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> (both 0.13%).<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2000, 2.5% of the population spoke German in addition to English, reflecting early 20th century immigration.<sup id="cite_ref-US_Census_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_Census-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1940, <span data-sort-value="7001561772888214466♠" style="display:none"></span>56.18% (355,400) of North Dakotans spoke English, <span data-sort-value="7001203433232169954♠" style="display:none"></span>20.34% (128,700) spoke German, <span data-sort-value="7001128509104704097♠" style="display:none"></span>12.85% (81,300) spoke Norwegian, <span data-sort-value="7000199165402124430♠" style="display:none"></span>1.99% (12,600) spoke <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>, and <span data-sort-value="7000863682346990389♠" style="display:none"></span>8.64% (54,640) spoke some other language.<sup id="cite_ref-Census_1940_languages_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_1940_languages-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_North_Dakota" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in North Dakota">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in North Dakota</a></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Green; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 181.89932472811px; border-left-color:White"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:White"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:White"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 32.491969623291px; border-left-color:Purple"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Purple"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Purple"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religious self-identification, per <a href="/wiki/Public_Religion_Research_Institute" title="Public Religion Research Institute">Public Religion Research Institute</a>'s 2022 <i>American Values Survey</i><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Purple; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_United_States" title="Christianity in the United States">Christianity</a> (80%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:White; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_United_States" title="Irreligion in the United States">Unaffiliated</a> (12%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Green; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Other (8%)</div> </div> </div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vang_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vang_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church.jpg/220px-Vang_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vang_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church.jpg/330px-Vang_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vang_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church.jpg/440px-Vang_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3069" data-file-height="2302" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vang_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church" title="Vang Evangelical Lutheran Church">Vang Evangelical Lutheran Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manfred,_North_Dakota" title="Manfred, North Dakota">Manfred</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> determined 77% of the adult population was <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast with many southern U.S. states, <a href="/wiki/Mainline_Protestant" title="Mainline Protestant">mainline Protestantism</a> was the largest form of Protestantism practiced (28%). The largest mainline Protestant denomination in North Dakota was the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in America">Evangelical Lutheran Church in America</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_Methodist_Church" title="United Methodist Church">United Methodist Church</a> was the second largest. Evangelical Protestants, forming the second largest Protestant branch (22%), were also dominated by Lutherans; the <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church%E2%80%93Missouri_Synod" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod">Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod</a> was the largest Evangelical denomination. Among the Christian population of North Dakota, the Roman Catholic Church was the single largest Christian denomination. According to the <a href="/wiki/Public_Religion_Research_Institute" title="Public Religion Research Institute">Public Religion Research Institute</a> in 2020, 75% of the adult population were Christian, with mainline Protestantism remaining the majority and <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">evangelical Protestantism</a> at 18% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, the Public Religion Research Institute determined 80% of the population were Christian. </p><p>Per the Pew Research Center in 2014, non-Christian religions accounted for 3% of the adult population, with <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> being the largest non-Christian religion. Other faiths such as <a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalism" title="Unitarian Universalism">Unitarians</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Agers</a> collectively made up 1% of the practicing population. At the 2014 survey, 20% were unaffiliated with any religion, and 2% of North Dakotans were atheist; 13% of the population practiced nothing in particular.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_106-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2020 Public Religion Research Institute's survey determined 22% were unaffiliated with any religion,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_107-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 12% in 2022. </p><p>The largest church bodies by number of adherents in 2010 were the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a> with 167,349; the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America with 163,209; and the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod with 22,003.<sup id="cite_ref-www.thearda.com_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.thearda.com-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006, North Dakota had the most churches per capita of any state.<sup id="cite_ref-religious_survey_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-religious_survey-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, North Dakota had the highest percentage of church-going population of any state in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-religious_survey_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-religious_survey-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2020, the Association of Religion Data Archives numbered 164,843, remaining the largest Christian body by attendance; it had an adherence rate of 211.58 per 1,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2001 survey indicated 35% of North Dakota's population was <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a>, and 30% was Catholic. Other religious groups represented were <a href="/wiki/Methodists" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodists">Methodists</a> (7%), <a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a> (6%), the <a href="/wiki/Assemblies_of_God" title="Assemblies of God">Assemblies of God</a> (3%), <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterians</a> (1.27%),<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a> (1%). Christians with unstated or other denominational affiliations, including other <a href="/wiki/Mainline_Protestant" title="Mainline Protestant">Protestants</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> (LDS Church), totaled 3%, bringing the total Christian population to 86%. There were an estimated 920 Muslims and 730 Jews in the state in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three percent of respondents answered "no religion" on the survey, and 6% declined to answer.<sup id="cite_ref-religious_survey_109-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-religious_survey-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_North_Dakota_companies" title="List of North Dakota companies">List of North Dakota companies</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_locations_by_per_capita_income" class="mw-redirect" title="North Dakota locations by per capita income">North Dakota locations by per capita income</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TraillCountyND.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/TraillCountyND.jpeg/220px-TraillCountyND.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/TraillCountyND.jpeg/330px-TraillCountyND.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/TraillCountyND.jpeg/440px-TraillCountyND.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="432" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sunflower" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunflower">Sunflowers</a> in <a href="/wiki/Traill_County,_North_Dakota" title="Traill County, North Dakota">Traill County, North Dakota</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Agriculture is North Dakota's largest industry, although petroleum, <a href="/wiki/Food_processing" title="Food processing">food processing</a>, and technology are also major industries.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its growth rate is about 4.1%.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Economic_Analysis" title="Bureau of Economic Analysis">U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis</a> the economy of North Dakota had a gross domestic product of $55.180 billion in the second quarter of 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The per capita income for the state was $34,256, when measured from 2013 to 2017 by the United States Department of Commerce.<sup id="cite_ref-per-capita-income_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-per-capita-income-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The three-year <a href="/wiki/Median_household_income" class="mw-redirect" title="Median household income">median household income</a> from 2013 to 2017 was $61,285.<sup id="cite_ref-per-capita-income_116-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-per-capita-income-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Gallup_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallup (company)">Gallup</a> data, North Dakota led the U.S. in job creation in 2013 and has done so since 2009. The state has a <a href="/wiki/Job_Creation_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Job Creation Index">Job Creation Index</a> score of 40, nearly 10 points ahead of its nearest competitors.<sup id="cite_ref-O'Neal-_Job_creation_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Neal-_Job_creation-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> North Dakota has added 56,600 private-sector jobs since 2011, creating an annual growth rate of 7.32 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas-_job_creation_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas-_job_creation-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Saad-Job_Creation_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saad-Job_Creation-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to statistics released in December 2020, by the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Economic_Analysis" title="Bureau of Economic Analysis">Bureau of Economic Analysis</a>, North Dakota had the highest rate of annual growth in personal consumption expenditures of all 50 states, from 2009 to 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time period, annual nominal personal income growth averaged 6% per year, compared to the U.S. average of 4.4%. North Dakota's personal income growth is tied to various private business sectors such as agriculture, energy development, and construction.<sup id="cite_ref-Yahoo_news-personal_income_growth_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yahoo_news-personal_income_growth-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Graeber-personal_income_growth_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graeber-personal_income_growth-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> North Dakota also had the highest growth in personal expenditures on housing and utilities of all states, reflecting the sharply increased demand for housing in the 2010s. </p><p>Just over 21% of North Dakota's total 2013 gross domestic product (GDP) of $49.77 billion comes from natural resources and mining.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>North Dakota is the only state with a <a href="/wiki/Public_ownership" class="mw-redirect" title="Public ownership">state-owned</a> bank, the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_North_Dakota" title="Bank of North Dakota">Bank of North Dakota</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bismarck,_North_Dakota" title="Bismarck, North Dakota">Bismarck</a>, and a state-owned <a href="/wiki/Flour_mill" class="mw-redirect" title="Flour mill">flour mill</a>, the <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Mill_and_Elevator" title="North Dakota Mill and Elevator">North Dakota Mill and Elevator</a> in <a href="/wiki/Grand_Forks,_North_Dakota" title="Grand Forks, North Dakota">Grand Forks</a>. These were established by the NPL before World War II. </p><p>As of 2012, Fargo is home to the second-largest campus of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> with 1,700 employees, and <a href="/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon.com</a> employs several hundred in Grand Forks.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of December 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the state's <a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_the_United_States" title="Unemployment in the United States">unemployment</a> rate is among the lowest in the nation at 2.4 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the exception of a five-month period in 2020, the unemployment rate remained below five percent each month since 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At end of 2010, the state per capita income was ranked 17th in the nation, the biggest increase of any state in a decade from rank 38th.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reduction in the unemployment rate and growth in per capita income is attributable to the <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_oil_boom" title="North Dakota oil boom">oil boom</a> in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_120-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to a combination of oil-related development and investing in technology and service industries, North Dakota has had a budget surplus every year since the 2008 market crash.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 1976, the highest that North Dakota's unemployment rate has reached is just 6.2%, recorded in 1983. Every U.S. state except neighboring South Dakota has had a higher unemployment rate during that period.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Agriculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>North Dakota's earliest industries were <a href="/wiki/Fur_trading" class="mw-redirect" title="Fur trading">fur trading</a> and agriculture. Although less than 10% of the population is employed in the agricultural sector,<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it remains a major part of the state's economy. With industrial-scale farming, it ranks 9th in the nation in the value of crops and 18th in total value of agricultural products sold. Large farms generate the most crops. The share of people in the state employed in agriculture is comparatively high: as of 2008<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, only two to three percent of the population of the United States is directly employed in agriculture.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> North Dakota has about 90% of its land area in farms with 27,500,000 acres (111,000 km<sup>2</sup>) of cropland, the third-largest amount in the nation. Between 2002 and 2007, total cropland increased by about a million acres (4,000 km<sup>2</sup>); North Dakota was the only state showing an increase. Over the same period, 1,800,000 acres (7,300 km<sup>2</sup>) were shifted into soybean and corn monoculture production, the largest such shift in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-usda_facts_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usda_facts-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Agriculturalists are concerned about too much monoculture, as it makes the economy at risk from insect or crop diseases affecting a major crop. In addition, this development has adversely affected habitats of wildlife and birds, and the balance of the ecosystem. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:State_Mill,_Grand_Forks,_ND_1915.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/State_Mill%2C_Grand_Forks%2C_ND_1915.JPG/220px-State_Mill%2C_Grand_Forks%2C_ND_1915.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/State_Mill%2C_Grand_Forks%2C_ND_1915.JPG/330px-State_Mill%2C_Grand_Forks%2C_ND_1915.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/State_Mill%2C_Grand_Forks%2C_ND_1915.JPG 2x" data-file-width="352" data-file-height="213" /></a><figcaption>North Dakota Mill and Elevator postcard, ca. 1922</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Dakota_State_Seed_Department_on_NDSU_campus;_May_5,_2024.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2a/North_Dakota_State_Seed_Department_on_NDSU_campus%3B_May_5%2C_2024.png/220px-North_Dakota_State_Seed_Department_on_NDSU_campus%3B_May_5%2C_2024.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2a/North_Dakota_State_Seed_Department_on_NDSU_campus%3B_May_5%2C_2024.png/330px-North_Dakota_State_Seed_Department_on_NDSU_campus%3B_May_5%2C_2024.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2a/North_Dakota_State_Seed_Department_on_NDSU_campus%3B_May_5%2C_2024.png/440px-North_Dakota_State_Seed_Department_on_NDSU_campus%3B_May_5%2C_2024.png 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2268" /></a><figcaption>North Dakota State Seed Department on North Dakota State University campus.</figcaption></figure> <p>The state is the largest producer in the U.S. of many cereal grains, including <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a> (36% of U.S. crop), <a href="/wiki/Durum" class="mw-redirect" title="Durum">durum wheat</a> (58%), hard red spring wheat (48%), <a href="/wiki/Oat" title="Oat">oats</a> (17%), and combined wheat of all types (15%). It is the second leading producer of <a href="/wiki/Buckwheat" title="Buckwheat">buckwheat</a> (20%). As of 2007<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, corn became the state's largest crop produced, although it is only 2% of total U.S. production.<sup id="cite_ref-usda_facts_133-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usda_facts-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Corn_Belt" title="Corn Belt">Corn Belt</a> extends to North Dakota but is more on the edge of the region instead of in its center. Corn yields are high in the southeast part of the state and smaller in other parts of the state. Most of the cereal grains are grown for livestock <a href="/wiki/Fodder" title="Fodder">feed</a>. The state is the leading producer of many oilseeds, including 92% of the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Canola" class="mw-redirect" title="Canola">canola</a> crop, 94% of <a href="/wiki/Flax" title="Flax">flax</a> seed, 53% of <a href="/wiki/Sunflower_seed" title="Sunflower seed">sunflower seeds</a>, 18% of <a href="/wiki/Safflower" title="Safflower">safflower</a> seeds, and 62% of <a href="/wiki/Mustard_seed" title="Mustard seed">mustard seed</a>. Canola is suited to the cold winters and it matures fast. Processing of canola for oil production produces canola meal as a by-product. The by-product is a high-protein animal feed. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Soybeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Soybeans">Soybeans</a> are also an increasingly important crop, with 400,000 acres (1,600 km<sup>2</sup>) additional planted between 2002 and 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-usda_facts_133-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usda_facts-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soybeans are a major crop in the eastern part of the state, and cultivation is common in the southeast part of the state. Soybeans were not grown at all in North Dakota in the 1940s, but the crop has become especially common since 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In North Dakota soybeans have to mature fast, because of the comparatively short <a href="/wiki/Growing_season" title="Growing season">growing season</a>. Soybeans are grown for livestock feed. </p><p>North Dakota is the second leading producer of <a href="/wiki/Sugarbeet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugarbeet">sugarbeets</a>, which are grown mostly in the <a href="/wiki/Red_River_Valley" title="Red River Valley">Red River Valley</a>. The state is also the largest producer of honey, dry edible peas and beans, <a href="/wiki/Lentil" title="Lentil">lentils</a>, and the third-largest producer of potatoes.<sup id="cite_ref-usda_facts_133-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usda_facts-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>North Dakota's Top Agricultural Commodities</b> (according to the USDA as of 2011<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>2011 rank in the U.S.</th> <th>Commodity</th> <th>Percent of nation's production </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>Beans, dry edible, all</td> <td>25% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>Beans, navy</td> <td>35% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>Beans, pinto</td> <td>46% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>Canola</td> <td>83% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>Flaxseed</td> <td>87% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>Honey</td> <td>22% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>Sunflower, oil</td> <td>40% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>Wheat, durum</td> <td>36% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>Wheat, spring</td> <td>37% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>Sunflower, all</td> <td>38% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>Sunflower, non-oil</td> <td>24% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>Wheat, all</td> <td>10% </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>Barley</td> <td>11% </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>Lentils</td> <td>17% </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>Oats</td> <td>8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>Peas, dry edible</td> <td>21% </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>Sugarbeets</td> <td>16% </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>Safflower</td> <td>1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>Hay, alfalfa</td> <td>6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>Potatoes</td> <td>4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>Hay, all</td> <td>4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>Soybeans</td> <td>4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td>Corn for grain</td> <td>2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td>Hay, other</td> <td>2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>26</td> <td>Wheat, winter</td> <td>1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>21</td> <td>Sheep and lambs</td> <td>1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td>Cattle and calves</td> <td>2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td>Wool production</td> <td>2% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy">Energy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Energy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_North_Dakota" title="List of power stations in North Dakota">List of power stations in North Dakota</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oil_Pump_North_Dakota.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Oil_Pump_North_Dakota.jpg/220px-Oil_Pump_North_Dakota.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Oil_Pump_North_Dakota.jpg/330px-Oil_Pump_North_Dakota.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Oil_Pump_North_Dakota.jpg/440px-Oil_Pump_North_Dakota.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Oil_well" title="Oil well">Oil well</a> in western North Dakota</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Energy_industry" title="Energy industry">energy industry</a> is a major contributor to the economy. North Dakota has both coal and oil reserves. On average, the state's production of oil production grew at average annual rate of 48.4% from 2009 to 2018. During these years, oil production increased each year from 2009 to 2015, with 2016 marked by a slight decline and a return to growth since.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_120-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Shale_gas" title="Shale gas">Shale gas</a> is also produced. <a href="/wiki/Lignite_coal" class="mw-redirect" title="Lignite coal">Lignite coal</a> reserves in Western North Dakota are used to generate about 90% of the electricity consumed, and electricity is also exported to nearby states.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> North Dakota has the second largest lignite coal production in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, lignite coal is the lowest grade coal. There are larger and higher grade coal reserves (<a href="/wiki/Anthracite" title="Anthracite">anthracite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bituminous_coal" title="Bituminous coal">bituminous coal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Subbituminous_coal" class="mw-redirect" title="Subbituminous coal">subbituminous coal</a>) in other U.S. states. </p><p>Oil was discovered near <a href="/wiki/Tioga,_North_Dakota" title="Tioga, North Dakota">Tioga</a> in 1951, generating 53 million barrels (8,400,000 m<sup>3</sup>) of oil a year by 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recoverable oil reserves have jumped dramatically recently. The oil reserves of the <a href="/wiki/Bakken_Formation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakken Formation">Bakken Formation</a> may hold up to 400 billion barrels (6.4<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>10</sup> m<sup>3</sup>) of oil, 25 times larger than the reserves in the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Arctic National Wildlife Refuge">Arctic National Wildlife Refuge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A report issued in April 2008 by the U.S. Geological Survey estimates the oil recoverable by current technology in the Bakken formation is two orders of magnitude less, in the range of 3 billion barrels (480<span style="margin-left:0.2em">×<span style="margin-left:0.1em">10</span></span><s style="display:none">^</s><sup>6</sup> m<sup>3</sup>) to 4.3 billion barrels (680<span style="margin-left:0.2em">×<span style="margin-left:0.1em">10</span></span><s style="display:none">^</s><sup>6</sup> m<sup>3</sup>), with a mean of 3.65 billion barrels (580<span style="margin-left:0.2em">×<span style="margin-left:0.1em">10</span></span><s style="display:none">^</s><sup>6</sup> m<sup>3</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The northwestern part of the state is the center of the <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_oil_boom" title="North Dakota oil boom">North Dakota oil boom</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Williston,_North_Dakota" title="Williston, North Dakota">Williston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tioga,_North_Dakota" title="Tioga, North Dakota">Tioga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanley,_North_Dakota" title="Stanley, North Dakota">Stanley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minot" class="mw-redirect" title="Minot">Minot</a>-<a href="/wiki/Burlington,_North_Dakota" title="Burlington, North Dakota">Burlington</a> communities are having rapid growth that strains housing and local services. As of 30 November 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the state is the 2nd-largest oil producer in the U.S., with an average of 1,097,716 barrels (174,522.9 m<sup>3</sup>) per day while producing 3,029,032 thousand cubic feet (85,772,600 m<sup>3</sup>) per day of natural gas for a total of 1,619,963 barrels (257,553.5 m<sup>3</sup>) of oil equivalent (<a href="/wiki/Barrel_of_oil_equivalent" title="Barrel of oil equivalent">BOE</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a> region, which includes the state of North Dakota, has been referred to as "the Saudi Arabia of wind energy".<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Development of wind energy in North Dakota has been cost effective because the state has large rural expanses and wind speeds seldom go below 10 miles per hour (16 km/h). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>North Dakota is considered the least visited state, owing, in part, to its not having a major tourist attraction.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless, tourism is North Dakota's third largest industry, contributing more than $3 billion into the state's economy annually. Outdoor attractions like the 144-mile (232 km) <a href="/wiki/Maah_Daah_Hey_Trail" title="Maah Daah Hey Trail">Maah Daah Hey Trail</a> and activities like fishing and hunting attract visitors. The state is known for the Lewis & Clark Trail and being the winter camp of the Corps of Discovery.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Areas popular with visitors include <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_National_Park" title="Theodore Roosevelt National Park">Theodore Roosevelt National Park</a> in the western part of the state. The park often exceeds 475,000 visitors each year.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Regular events in the state that attract tourists include <i><a href="/wiki/Norsk_H%C3%B8stfest" title="Norsk Høstfest">Norsk Høstfest</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Minot,_North_Dakota" title="Minot, North Dakota">Minot</a>, billed as North America's largest <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavian</a> festival;<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Medora_Musical" title="Medora Musical">Medora Musical</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_State_Fair" title="North Dakota State Fair">North Dakota State Fair</a>. The state also receives a significant number of visitors from the neighboring Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan, particularly when the exchange rate is favorable.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>International tourists now also come to visit the <a href="/wiki/Oscar-Zero_Missile_Alert_Facility" title="Oscar-Zero Missile Alert Facility">Oscar-Zero Missile Alert Facility</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_care">Health care</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Health care"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_North_Dakota" title="List of hospitals in North Dakota">List of hospitals in North Dakota</a></div> <p>North Dakota has one level-I <a href="/wiki/Trauma_center" title="Trauma center">trauma center</a>, six level-II trauma centers, 44 <a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">hospitals</a>, 52 rural health <a href="/wiki/Clinic" title="Clinic">clinics</a>, and 80 <a href="/wiki/Nursing_home" title="Nursing home">nursing homes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Major provider networks include <a href="/wiki/Sanford_Health" title="Sanford Health">Sanford</a>, <a href="/wiki/CHI_St._Alexius_Health_Bismarck" title="CHI St. Alexius Health Bismarck">St. Alexius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Health_(Minot,_North_Dakota)" title="Trinity Health (Minot, North Dakota)">Trinity</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Altru_Health_System" title="Altru Health System">Altru</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Noridian_Mutual_Insurance_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Noridian Mutual Insurance Company">Blue Cross Blue Shield of North Dakota</a> is the largest medical insurer in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> North Dakota expanded <a href="/wiki/Medicaid" title="Medicaid">Medicaid</a> in 2014,<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and its <a href="/wiki/Health_insurance_exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Health insurance exchange">health insurance exchange</a> is the federal site, <a href="/wiki/HealthCare.gov" title="HealthCare.gov">HealthCare.gov</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>North Dakota law requires pharmacies, other than hospital dispensaries and pre-existing stores, to be majority-owned by pharmacists. Voters rejected a proposal to change the law in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/North_Dakota" title="Special:EditPage/North Dakota">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Native_American_First_Nations">Native American First Nations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Native American First Nations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kane_M%C3%A9tis_Buffalo_Hunt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Kane_M%C3%A9tis_Buffalo_Hunt.jpg/290px-Kane_M%C3%A9tis_Buffalo_Hunt.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Kane_M%C3%A9tis_Buffalo_Hunt.jpg/435px-Kane_M%C3%A9tis_Buffalo_Hunt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Kane_M%C3%A9tis_Buffalo_Hunt.jpg/580px-Kane_M%C3%A9tis_Buffalo_Hunt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1750" data-file-height="998" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paul_Kane" title="Paul Kane">Paul Kane</a> witnessed and participated in the annual <a href="/wiki/Bison_hunting" title="Bison hunting">bison hunt</a> of the <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_people_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Métis people (United States)">Métis</a> in June 1846 on the prairies in Dakota.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 21st century, North Dakota has an increasing population of Native Americans, who in 2010 made up 5.44% of the population. By the early 19th century the territory was dominated by Siouan-speaking peoples, whose territory stretched west from the Great Lakes area. The word "Dakota" is a Sioux (Lakota/Dakota) word meaning "allies" or "friends". </p><p>The primary historic tribal nations in or around North Dakota, are the Lakota and the Dakota ("<a href="/wiki/The_Great_Sioux_Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great Sioux Nation">The Great Sioux Nation</a>" or "Oceti Sakowin", meaning the seven council fires), the <a href="/wiki/Blackfoot" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackfoot">Blackfoot</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cheyenne" title="Cheyenne">Cheyenne</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chippewa" class="mw-redirect" title="Chippewa">Chippewa</a> (known as <a href="/wiki/Ojibwe" title="Ojibwe">Ojibwe</a> in Canada), and the <a href="/wiki/Mandan" title="Mandan">Mandan</a>. There are six <a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservations</a> in North Dakota--<a href="/wiki/Spirit_Lake_Tribe" title="Spirit Lake Tribe">Spirit Lake Tribe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Standing_Rock_Indian_Reservation" title="Standing Rock Indian Reservation">Standing Rock Indian Reservation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sisseton_Wahpeton_Oyate" title="Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate">Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Berthold_Indian_Reservation" title="Fort Berthold Indian Reservation">Fort Berthold Indian Reservation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turtle_Mountain_Indian_Reservation" title="Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation">Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mandan,_Hidatsa,_and_Arikara_Nation" title="Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation">The Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pow_wows">Pow wows</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Pow wows"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Social gatherings known as "<a href="/wiki/Powwows" class="mw-redirect" title="Powwows">powwows</a>" (or wacipis in Lakota/Dakota) continue to be an important part of Native American culture and are held regularly throughout the state. Throughout Native American history, powwows were held, usually in the spring, to rejoice at the beginning of new life and the end of the winter cold. These events brought Native American tribes together for singing and dancing and allowed them to meet with old friends and acquaintances, as well as to make new ones. Many powwows also held religious significance for some tribes. Today, powwows are still a part of the Native American culture and are attended by Natives and non-Natives alike. In North Dakota, the United Tribes International Powwow held each September in the capital of <a href="/wiki/Bismarck,_North_Dakota" title="Bismarck, North Dakota">Bismarck</a>, is one of the largest powwows in the United States. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Pow_wow" class="mw-redirect" title="Pow wow">pow wow</a> is an occasion for parades and Native American dancers in regalia, with many dancing styles presented. It is traditional for male dancers to wear regalia decorated with beads, quills, and eagle feathers; male <a href="/wiki/Grass_dance" title="Grass dance">grass dancers</a> wear colorful fringe regalia, and male <a href="/wiki/Fancy_dance" title="Fancy dance">fancy dancers</a> wear brightly colored feathers. Female dancers dance much more subtly than male dancers. Fancy female dancers wear cloth, beaded moccasins, and jewelry, while the <a href="/wiki/Jingle_dress" title="Jingle dress">jingle dress</a> dancer wears a dress made of metal cones. Inter-tribal dances during the powwow, allow everyone (even spectators) to take part in the dancing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Norwegian_and_Icelandic_influences">Norwegian and Icelandic influences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Norwegian and Icelandic influences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hultstrand61.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Hultstrand61.jpg/220px-Hultstrand61.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Hultstrand61.jpg/330px-Hultstrand61.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Hultstrand61.jpg/440px-Hultstrand61.jpg 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="331" /></a><figcaption>Norwegian settlers in front of their sod house in North Dakota in 1898</figcaption></figure> <p>Around 1870 many European immigrants from Norway settled in North Dakota's northeastern corner, especially near the Red River. <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Icelandic American">Icelanders</a> also arrived from Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pembina,_North_Dakota" title="Pembina, North Dakota">Pembina</a> was a town of many <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian American">Norwegians</a> when it was founded; they worked on family farms. They started Lutheran churches and schools, greatly outnumbering other denominations in the area. This group has unique foods such as <i><a href="/wiki/Lefse" title="Lefse">lefse</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Lutefisk" title="Lutefisk">lutefisk</a></i>. The continent's largest Scandinavian event, <i><a href="/wiki/Norsk_H%C3%B8stfest" title="Norsk Høstfest">Norsk Høstfest</a></i>, is celebrated each September in <a href="/wiki/Minot,_North_Dakota" title="Minot, North Dakota">Minot's</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota_State_Fair_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Dakota State Fair Center (page does not exist)">North Dakota State Fair Center</a>, a local attraction featuring art, architecture, and cultural artifacts from all five Nordic countries. The Icelandic State Park in <a href="/wiki/Pembina_County,_North_Dakota" title="Pembina County, North Dakota">Pembina County</a> and an annual Icelandic festival reflect immigrants from that country, who are also descended from Scandinavians. </p><p>Old World folk customs have persisted for decades in North Dakota, with the revival of techniques in weaving, silver crafting, and wood carving. Traditional turf-roof houses are displayed in parks; this style originated in Iceland. A <a href="/wiki/Stave_church" title="Stave church">stave church</a> is a landmark in Minot. <a href="/wiki/Norwegian-Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian-Americans">Norwegian-Americans</a> constitute nearly one-third or 32.3% of Minot's total population and 30.8% of North Dakota's total population. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germans_from_Russia">Germans from Russia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Germans from Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Germans_from_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Germans from Russia">Germans from Russia</a></div> <p>Ethnic Germans who had settled in Russia for several generations since the reign of <a href="/wiki/Catherine_the_Great" title="Catherine the Great">Catherine the Great</a> grew dissatisfied in the nineteenth century because of economic problems and because of the revocation of religious freedoms for <a href="/wiki/Russian_Mennonite" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Mennonite">Mennonites</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hutterite" class="mw-redirect" title="Hutterite">Hutterites</a>, in particular the revocation of exemption from military service in 1871. Most Mennonites and Hutterites migrated to America in the late 1870s. By 1900, about 100,000 had immigrated to the U.S., settling primarily in North Dakota, South Dakota, Kansas, and Nebraska. The south-central part of North Dakota became known as "the German-Russian triangle". By 1910, about 60,000 ethnic Germans from Russia lived in Central North Dakota. These individuals were Lutherans, Mennonites, Hutterites and Roman Catholics who had kept most of their German customs of the time when their ancestors immigrated to Russia. They were committed to agriculture. Traditional iron cemetery grave markers are a famous art form practiced by ethnic Germans.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fine_and_performing_arts">Fine and performing arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Fine and performing arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>North Dakota's major <a href="/wiki/Fine_art" title="Fine art">fine art</a> museums and venues include the <a href="/wiki/Chester_Fritz_Auditorium" title="Chester Fritz Auditorium">Chester Fritz Auditorium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Empire_Arts_Center" title="Empire Arts Center">Empire Arts Center</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Fargo_Theatre" title="Fargo Theatre">Fargo Theatre</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Museum_of_Art" title="North Dakota Museum of Art">North Dakota Museum of Art</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Plains_Art_Museum" title="Plains Art Museum">Plains Art Museum</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Bismarck-Mandan_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Bismarck-Mandan Symphony Orchestra">Bismarck-Mandan Symphony Orchestra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fargo-Moorhead_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Fargo-Moorhead Symphony Orchestra">Fargo-Moorhead Symphony Orchestra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greater_Grand_Forks_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Greater Grand Forks Symphony Orchestra">Greater Grand Forks Symphony Orchestra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minot_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Minot Symphony Orchestra">Minot Symphony Orchestra</a> and Great Plains Harmony Chorus are full-time professional and semi-professional musical ensembles who perform concerts and offer educational programs to their communities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Entertainment">Entertainment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Entertainment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Dakota" title="Music of North Dakota">Music of North Dakota</a></div> <p>North Dakotan musicians of many genres include <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a> guitarist <a href="/wiki/Jonny_Lang" title="Jonny Lang">Jonny Lang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country music</a> singer <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Anderson" title="Lynn Anderson">Lynn Anderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Traditional_pop" title="Traditional pop">traditional pop</a> singer and songwriter <a href="/wiki/Peggy_Lee" title="Peggy Lee">Peggy Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Big_band" title="Big band">big band</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Welk" title="Lawrence Welk">Lawrence Welk</a>, and pop singer <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Vee" title="Bobby Vee">Bobby Vee</a>. </p><p>Hollywood and TV star <a href="/wiki/Angie_Dickinson" title="Angie Dickinson">Angie Dickinson</a> was born in Kulm and moved to Burbank, California as a ten-year-old. <a href="/wiki/Ed_Schultz" title="Ed Schultz">Ed Schultz</a> was known around the country as the host of <a href="/wiki/Progressive_talk_radio" title="Progressive talk radio">progressive talk radio</a> show, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Ed_Schultz_Show" title="The Ed Schultz Show">The Ed Schultz Show</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Ed_Show" title="The Ed Show">The Ed Show</a></i> on <a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a>. <a href="/wiki/Shadoe_Stevens" title="Shadoe Stevens">Shadoe Stevens</a> hosted <i><a href="/wiki/American_Top_40" title="American Top 40">American Top 40</a></i> from 1988 to 1995. <a href="/wiki/Josh_Duhamel" title="Josh Duhamel">Josh Duhamel</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Emmy_Awards" title="Emmy Awards">Emmy Award</a>-winning actor known for his roles in <i><a href="/wiki/All_My_Children" title="All My Children">All My Children</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_(TV_series)" title="Las Vegas (TV series)">Las Vegas</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-imdb_165-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imdb-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nicole_Linkletter" title="Nicole Linkletter">Nicole Linkletter</a> and <a href="/wiki/CariDee_English" title="CariDee English">CariDee English</a> were winning contestants of <a href="/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model,_Cycle_5" class="mw-redirect" title="America's Next Top Model, Cycle 5">Cycles 5</a> and <a href="/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model,_Cycle_7" class="mw-redirect" title="America's Next Top Model, Cycle 7">7</a>, respectively, of <i><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model" title="America's Next Top Model">America's Next Top Model</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Kellan_Lutz" title="Kellan Lutz">Kellan Lutz</a> has appeared in movies such as <i><a href="/wiki/Stick_It" title="Stick It">Stick It</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Accepted_(film)" title="Accepted (film)">Accepted</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Prom_Night_(2008_film)" title="Prom Night (2008 film)">Prom Night</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Twilight_(2008_film)" title="Twilight (2008 film)">Twilight</a></i>. </p><p>North Dakota has the largest population of clowns in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_North_Dakota" title="Cuisine of North Dakota">Cuisine of North Dakota</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bismarck was home of the <a href="/wiki/Dakota_Wizards" title="Dakota Wizards">Dakota Wizards</a> of the <a href="/wiki/NBA_Development_League" class="mw-redirect" title="NBA Development League">NBA Development League</a>, and currently hosts the <a href="/wiki/Bismarck_Bucks" class="mw-redirect" title="Bismarck Bucks">Bismarck Bucks</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Indoor_Football_League" title="Indoor Football League">Indoor Football League</a>. </p><p>North Dakota has two NCAA Division I teams, the <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Fighting_Hawks" title="North Dakota Fighting Hawks">North Dakota Fighting Hawks</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_State_Bison" title="North Dakota State Bison">North Dakota State Bison</a>, and two Division II teams, the <a href="/wiki/Mary_Marauders" title="Mary Marauders">Mary Marauders</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minot_State_Beavers" title="Minot State Beavers">Minot State Beavers</a>. </p><p>Fargo is home to the <a href="/wiki/USHL" class="mw-redirect" title="USHL">USHL</a> <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> team the <a href="/wiki/Fargo_Force" title="Fargo Force">Fargo Force</a>. Fargo is also the home of the <a href="/wiki/Fargo-Moorhead_RedHawks" title="Fargo-Moorhead RedHawks">Fargo-Moorhead RedHawks</a> of the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_Professional_Baseball" title="American Association of Professional Baseball">American Association</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_High_School_Activities_Association" title="North Dakota High School Activities Association">North Dakota High School Activities Association</a> features more than 25,000 participants. </p><p>Outdoor activities such as hunting and fishing are hobbies for many North Dakotans. <a href="/wiki/Ice_fishing" title="Ice fishing">Ice fishing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skiing" title="Skiing">skiing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Snowmobiling" class="mw-redirect" title="Snowmobiling">snowmobiling</a> are also popular during the winter months. Residents of North Dakota may own or visit a cabin along a lake. Popular sport fish include <a href="/wiki/Walleye" title="Walleye">walleye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perch" title="Perch">perch</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Northern_pike" title="Northern pike">northern pike</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The western terminus of the <a href="/wiki/North_Country_National_Scenic_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="North Country National Scenic Trail">North Country National Scenic Trail</a> is on <a href="/wiki/Lake_Sakakawea" title="Lake Sakakawea">Lake Sakakawea</a>, where it abuts the <a href="/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark_National_Historic_Trail" title="Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail">Lewis and Clark Trail.</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_North_Dakota" title="List of newspapers in North Dakota">List of newspapers in North Dakota</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_North_Dakota" title="List of radio stations in North Dakota">List of radio stations in North Dakota</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_North_Dakota" title="List of television stations in North Dakota">List of television stations in North Dakota</a></div> <p>The state has 10 daily newspapers, the largest being <i><a href="/wiki/The_Forum_of_Fargo-Moorhead" title="The Forum of Fargo-Moorhead">The Forum of Fargo-Moorhead</a></i>. Other weekly and monthly publications (most of which are fully supported by advertising) are also available. The most prominent of these is the <a href="/wiki/Alternative_weekly" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative weekly">alternative weekly</a> <i><a href="/wiki/High_Plains_Reader" title="High Plains Reader">High Plains Reader</a></i>. </p><p>The state's oldest radio station, <a href="/wiki/WDAY_(AM)" title="WDAY (AM)">WDAY-AM</a>, was launched on May 23, 1922.<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> North Dakota's three major <a href="/wiki/Media_market" title="Media market">radio markets</a> center around <a href="/wiki/Fargo,_North_Dakota" title="Fargo, North Dakota">Fargo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bismarck,_North_Dakota" title="Bismarck, North Dakota">Bismarck</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Forks,_North_Dakota" title="Grand Forks, North Dakota">Grand Forks</a>, though stations broadcast in every region of the state. Several new stations were built in <a href="/wiki/Williston,_North_Dakota" title="Williston, North Dakota">Williston</a> in the early 2010s. North Dakota has 34 AM and 88 FM radio stations.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/KFGO_(AM)" title="KFGO (AM)">KFGO</a> in Fargo has the largest audience.<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_television" title="Terrestrial television">Broadcast television</a> in North Dakota started on April 3, 1953, when KCJB-TV (now <a href="/wiki/KXMC-TV" title="KXMC-TV">KXMC-TV</a>) in Minot started operations.<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> North Dakota's television <a href="/wiki/Media_market" title="Media market">media markets</a> are <a href="/wiki/Fargo,_North_Dakota" title="Fargo, North Dakota">Fargo</a>-<a href="/wiki/Grand_Forks,_North_Dakota" title="Grand Forks, North Dakota">Grand Forks</a> (117th largest nationally), including the eastern half of the state, and <a href="/wiki/Minot,_North_Dakota" title="Minot, North Dakota">Minot</a>-<a href="/wiki/Bismarck,_North_Dakota" title="Bismarck, North Dakota">Bismarck</a> (152nd), making up the western half of the state.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are currently <a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_North_Dakota" title="List of television stations in North Dakota">31 full-power</a> television stations, arranged into 10 networks, with 17 <a href="/wiki/Digital_subchannels" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital subchannels">digital subchannels</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">Public broadcasting</a> in North Dakota is provided by Prairie Public, with statewide <a href="/wiki/Prairie_Public_Television" title="Prairie Public Television">television</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prairie_Public_Radio" title="Prairie Public Radio">radio</a> networks affiliated with <a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Broadcasting Service">PBS</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">NPR</a>. <a href="/wiki/Public_access_television" class="mw-redirect" title="Public access television">Public access television</a> stations open to community programming are offered on cable systems in <a href="/wiki/Bismarck,_North_Dakota" title="Bismarck, North Dakota">Bismarck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dickinson,_North_Dakota" title="Dickinson, North Dakota">Dickinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fargo,_North_Dakota" title="Fargo, North Dakota">Fargo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_North_Dakota" title="Jamestown, North Dakota">Jamestown</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Higher_education">Higher education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Higher education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_North_Dakota" title="List of colleges and universities in North Dakota">List of colleges and universities in North Dakota</a></div> <p>The state has 11 public colleges and universities, five <a href="/wiki/Tribal_colleges_and_universities" title="Tribal colleges and universities">tribal community colleges</a>, and four private schools. The largest institutions are <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_State_University" title="North Dakota State University">North Dakota State University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Dakota" title="University of North Dakota">University of North Dakota</a>. </p><p>The higher education system consists of the following institutions: </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_University_System" title="North Dakota University System">North Dakota University System</a> (public institutions):</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bismarck_State_College" title="Bismarck State College">Bismarck State College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bismarck,_North_Dakota" title="Bismarck, North Dakota">Bismarck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dickinson_State_University" title="Dickinson State University">Dickinson State University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dickinson,_North_Dakota" title="Dickinson, North Dakota">Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Region_State_College" title="Lake Region State College">Lake Region State College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Devils_Lake,_North_Dakota" title="Devils Lake, North Dakota">Devils Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayville_State_University" title="Mayville State University">Mayville State University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mayville,_North_Dakota" title="Mayville, North Dakota">Mayville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minot_State_University" title="Minot State University">Minot State University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Minot,_North_Dakota" title="Minot, North Dakota">Minot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakota_College_at_Bottineau" title="Dakota College at Bottineau">Dakota College at Bottineau</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bottineau,_North_Dakota" title="Bottineau, North Dakota">Bottineau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_State_University" title="North Dakota State University">North Dakota State University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fargo,_North_Dakota" title="Fargo, North Dakota">Fargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_State_College_of_Science" title="North Dakota State College of Science">North Dakota State College of Science</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wahpeton,_North_Dakota" title="Wahpeton, North Dakota">Wahpeton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fargo,_North_Dakota" title="Fargo, North Dakota">Fargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Dakota" title="University of North Dakota">University of North Dakota</a> in <a href="/wiki/Grand_Forks,_North_Dakota" title="Grand Forks, North Dakota">Grand Forks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_City_State_University" title="Valley City State University">Valley City State University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Valley_City,_North_Dakota" title="Valley City, North Dakota">Valley City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williston_State_College" title="Williston State College">Williston State College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Williston,_North_Dakota" title="Williston, North Dakota">Williston</a></li></ul></dd></dl> </div> <p><b>Tribal institutions:</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cankdeska_Cikana_Community_College" title="Cankdeska Cikana Community College">Cankdeska Cikana Community College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fort_Totten,_North_Dakota" title="Fort Totten, North Dakota">Fort Totten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Berthold_Community_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Berthold Community College">Fort Berthold Community College</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Town,_North_Dakota" title="New Town, North Dakota">New Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitting_Bull_College" title="Sitting Bull College">Sitting Bull College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fort_Yates,_North_Dakota" title="Fort Yates, North Dakota">Fort Yates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_Mountain_Community_College" title="Turtle Mountain Community College">Turtle Mountain Community College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Belcourt,_North_Dakota" title="Belcourt, North Dakota">Belcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Tribes_Technical_College" title="United Tribes Technical College">United Tribes Technical College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bismarck,_North_Dakota" title="Bismarck, North Dakota">Bismarck</a></li></ul></dd></dl> </div> <p><b>Private institutions:</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Mary" title="University of Mary">University of Mary</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bismarck,_North_Dakota" title="Bismarck, North Dakota">Bismarck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Jamestown" title="University of Jamestown">University of Jamestown</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_North_Dakota" title="Jamestown, North Dakota">Jamestown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasmussen_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Rasmussen College">Rasmussen College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fargo,_North_Dakota" title="Fargo, North Dakota">Fargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Bible_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinity Bible College">Trinity Bible College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ellendale,_North_Dakota" title="Ellendale, North Dakota">Ellendale</a></li></ul></dd></dl> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_and_secondary_education">Primary and secondary education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Primary and secondary education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_school_districts_in_North_Dakota" title="List of school districts in North Dakota">List of school districts in North Dakota</a></div> <p>There were 142 schools in North Dakota cities and 4,722 <a href="/wiki/One_room_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="One room schools">one room schools</a> in the state in 1917. The urban schools had 36,008 students, and 83,167 students attended the one room schools. 1,889 of the one room schools closed between 1929 and 1954. In 1954 North Dakotan cities had 513 schools while 2,447 one room schools were in the state. At that time the urban schools had 94,019 students while the one room schools had 25,212 students.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/The_Nation%27s_Report_Card" class="mw-redirect" title="The Nation's Report Card">The Nation's Report Card</a> ranks North Dakota fifteenth in the country in K-12 education based on standardized test scores.<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Emergency_services">Emergency services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Emergency services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The North Dakota Department of Emergency Services<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> provides 24/7 communication and coordination for more than 50 agencies. In addition, "it administers federal disaster recovery programs and the Homeland Security Grant Program".<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, the Department selected Geo-Comm, Inc.<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "for the Statewide Seamless Base Map Project", which will facilitate "identifying locations 9–1–1 callers" and route emergency calls based on locations.<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1993 the state adopted the <a href="/wiki/Burkle_addressing_system" title="Burkle addressing system">Burkle addressing system</a> numbering rural roads and buildings to aid in the delivery of emergency services.<sup id="cite_ref-century-code_181-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-century-code-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_North_Dakota_numbered_highways" class="mw-redirect" title="List of North Dakota numbered highways">List of North Dakota numbered highways</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_North_Dakota_railroads" title="List of North Dakota railroads">List of North Dakota railroads</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_North_Dakota" title="Aviation in North Dakota">Aviation in North Dakota</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NDI94.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/NDI94.jpg/220px-NDI94.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/NDI94.jpg/330px-NDI94.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/NDI94.jpg/440px-NDI94.jpg 2x" data-file-width="787" data-file-height="577" /></a><figcaption>Interstate 94 in North Dakota, near Gladstone</figcaption></figure> <p>Transportation in North Dakota is overseen by the <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Department_of_Transportation" title="North Dakota Department of Transportation">North Dakota Department of Transportation</a>. The major <a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System">Interstate highways</a> are <a href="/wiki/Interstate_29" title="Interstate 29">Interstate 29</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_94" title="Interstate 94">Interstate 94</a>, with I-29 and I-94 meeting at <a href="/wiki/Fargo,_North_Dakota" title="Fargo, North Dakota">Fargo</a>, with I-29 oriented north to south along the eastern edge of the state, and I-94 bisecting the state from east to west between Minnesota and Montana. A unique feature of the North Dakota Interstate Highway system is virtually all of it is paved in concrete, not <a href="/wiki/Asphalt_concrete" title="Asphalt concrete">blacktop</a>, because of the extreme weather conditions it must endure. <a href="/wiki/BNSF" class="mw-redirect" title="BNSF">BNSF</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Railway" title="Canadian Pacific Railway">Canadian Pacific Railway</a> operate the state's largest rail systems. Many branch lines formerly used by BNSF and Canadian Pacific Railway are now operated by the <a href="/wiki/Dakota,_Missouri_Valley_and_Western_Railroad" title="Dakota, Missouri Valley and Western Railroad">Dakota, Missouri Valley and Western Railroad</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Red_River_Valley_and_Western_Railroad" title="Red River Valley and Western Railroad">Red River Valley and Western Railroad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>North Dakota's principal airports are the <a href="/wiki/Hector_International_Airport" title="Hector International Airport">Hector International Airport</a> (FAR) in Fargo, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Forks_International_Airport" title="Grand Forks International Airport">Grand Forks International Airport</a> (GFK), <a href="/wiki/Bismarck_Municipal_Airport" title="Bismarck Municipal Airport">Bismarck Municipal Airport</a> (BIS), <a href="/wiki/Minot_International_Airport" title="Minot International Airport">Minot International Airport</a> (MOT) and <a href="/wiki/Williston_Basin_International_Airport" title="Williston Basin International Airport">Williston Basin International Airport</a> (XWA) in Williston. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Empire_Builder" title="Empire Builder">Empire Builder</a> runs through North Dakota, making stops at <a href="/wiki/Fargo_(Amtrak_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fargo (Amtrak station)">Fargo</a> (2:13 am westbound, 3:35 am eastbound), <a href="/wiki/Grand_Forks_(Amtrak_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Forks (Amtrak station)">Grand Forks</a> (4:52 am westbound, 12:57 am eastbound), <a href="/wiki/Minot_(Amtrak_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minot (Amtrak station)">Minot</a> (around 9 am westbound and around 9:30 pm eastbound), and four other stations.<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the descendant of the famous line of the same name run by the <a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_Railway_(U.S.)" title="Great Northern Railway (U.S.)">Great Northern Railway</a>, which was built by the tycoon <a href="/wiki/James_J._Hill" title="James J. Hill">James J. Hill</a> and ran from <a href="/wiki/St._Paul,_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Paul, Minnesota">St. Paul</a> to <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>. </p><p>Intercity bus service is provided by <a href="/wiki/Greyhound_Bus_Lines" class="mw-redirect" title="Greyhound Bus Lines">Greyhound</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Lines" title="Jefferson Lines">Jefferson Lines</a>. <a href="/wiki/Public_transit" class="mw-redirect" title="Public transit">Public transit</a> in North Dakota includes daily <a href="/wiki/Public_transport_bus_service" title="Public transport bus service">fixed-route bus</a> systems in <a href="/wiki/MATBUS_(Fargo-Moorhead)" title="MATBUS (Fargo-Moorhead)">Fargo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bis-Man_Transit" title="Bis-Man Transit">Bismarck-Mandan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cities_Area_Transit" title="Cities Area Transit">Grand Forks</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Minot_City_Transit" title="Minot City Transit">Minot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paratransit" title="Paratransit">paratransit</a> service in 57 communities, along with multi-county rural transit systems.<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Law_and_government">Law and government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Law and government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As with the federal government of the United States, political power in North Dakota state government is divided into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial.<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_North_Dakota" title="Constitution of North Dakota">Constitution of North Dakota</a> and the <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Century_Code" title="North Dakota Century Code">North Dakota Century Code</a> form the formal law of the state; the <i>North Dakota Administrative Code</i> incorporates additional rules and policies of state agencies.<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a 2020 study, North Dakota was ranked as the 8th easiest state for citizens to vote in.<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executive">Executive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Executive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:State_offices_in_Bismarck_North_Dakota.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/State_offices_in_Bismarck_North_Dakota.jpg/220px-State_offices_in_Bismarck_North_Dakota.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/State_offices_in_Bismarck_North_Dakota.jpg/330px-State_offices_in_Bismarck_North_Dakota.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/State_offices_in_Bismarck_North_Dakota.jpg/440px-State_offices_in_Bismarck_North_Dakota.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Building in Bismarck that houses a variety of state agencies: Workforce Safety & Insurance; Retirement & Investment; Parks & Recreation; PERS; Child Support; Commerce; and OBM Risk Management.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_North_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of North Dakota">List of Governors of North Dakota</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Lieutenant_Governors_of_North_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Lieutenant Governors of North Dakota">List of Lieutenant Governors of North Dakota</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Secretaries_of_State_of_North_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Secretaries of State of North Dakota">List of Secretaries of State of North Dakota</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Attorneys_General_of_North_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Attorneys General of North Dakota">List of Attorneys General of North Dakota</a></div> <p>The executive branch is headed by the elected <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_North_Dakota" title="Governor of North Dakota">governor</a>. The current governor is <a href="/wiki/Kelly_Armstrong" title="Kelly Armstrong">Kelly Armstrong</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-northdakotamonitor.com_189-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-northdakotamonitor.com-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Republican_Party" title="North Dakota Republican Party">Republican</a> who took office December 15, 2024, after his predecessor, <a href="/wiki/Doug_Burgum" title="Doug Burgum">Doug Burgum</a> did not seek reelection and was subsequently nominated to be <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">United States Secretary of the Interior</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_North_Dakota" title="Lieutenant Governor of North Dakota">Lieutenant Governor of North Dakota</a> is <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Strinden" title="Michelle Strinden">Michelle Strinden</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-northdakotamonitor.com_189-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-northdakotamonitor.com-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who is also the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate" title="President of the Senate">President of the Senate</a>. The offices of governor and lieutenant governor have four-year terms, which are next up for election in 2028. The governor has a cabinet consisting of appointed leaders of various state government agencies, called commissioners. The other elected constitutional offices are <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Secretary_of_State" title="North Dakota Secretary of State">secretary of state</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Attorney_General" title="North Dakota Attorney General">attorney general</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_State_Auditor" title="North Dakota State Auditor">state auditor</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Insurance_Commissioner" title="North Dakota Insurance Commissioner">state insurance commissioner</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_State_Treasurer" title="North Dakota State Treasurer">state treasurer</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative">Legislative</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Legislative"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Legislative_Assembly" title="North Dakota Legislative Assembly">North Dakota Legislative Assembly</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Bicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicameral">bicameral</a> body consisting of the <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Senate" title="North Dakota Senate">Senate</a> and the <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_House_of_Representatives" title="North Dakota House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>. The state has 47 districts, each with one senator and two representatives. Both senators and representatives are elected to four-year terms. The state's legal code is named the <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Century_Code" title="North Dakota Century Code">North Dakota Century Code</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judicial">Judicial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Judicial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>North Dakota's court system has four levels, one of which is dormant. Municipal courts serve the cities. Decisions from municipal courts are generally appealable to district court. Most cases start in the <a href="/wiki/Courts_of_North_Dakota" title="Courts of North Dakota">district courts</a>, which are courts of general jurisdiction. There are 42 district court judges in seven judicial districts.<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Appeals from final district court decisions are made to the <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Supreme_Court" title="North Dakota Supreme Court">North Dakota Supreme Court</a>. An intermediate court of appeals was provided for by statute in 1987, but the North Dakota Court of Appeals has only heard 65 cases since its inception. The North Dakota Court of Appeals is essentially dormant, but capable of meeting if the North Dakota Supreme Court's case load necessitates the reestablishment of intermediate review.<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indian_tribes_and_reservations">Indian tribes and reservations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Indian tribes and reservations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Standing_Rock_Administrative_Service_(14235787848).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Standing_Rock_Administrative_Service_%2814235787848%29.jpg/220px-Standing_Rock_Administrative_Service_%2814235787848%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Standing_Rock_Administrative_Service_%2814235787848%29.jpg/330px-Standing_Rock_Administrative_Service_%2814235787848%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Standing_Rock_Administrative_Service_%2814235787848%29.jpg/440px-Standing_Rock_Administrative_Service_%2814235787848%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>Administrative building for the Standing Rock Indian Reservation</figcaption></figure> <p>Historically, North Dakota was populated by the <a href="/wiki/Mandan" title="Mandan">Mandan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hidatsa_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Hidatsa people">Hidatsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lakota_people" title="Lakota people">Lakota</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ojibwe" title="Ojibwe">Ojibwe</a>, and later by the <a href="/wiki/Arikara_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Arikara people">Sanish</a> and <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_people_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Métis people (United States)">Métis</a>. Today, five federally recognized tribes within the boundaries of North Dakota have independent, sovereign relationships with the federal government and territorial reservations: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandan,_Hidatsa,_and_Arikara_Nation" title="Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation">Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Berthold_Reservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Berthold Reservation">Fort Berthold Reservation</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisseton_Wahpeton_Oyate" title="Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate">Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Traverse_Indian_Reservation" title="Lake Traverse Indian Reservation">Lake Traverse Indian Reservation</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Rock_Sioux" class="mw-redirect" title="Standing Rock Sioux">Standing Rock Sioux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Standing_Rock_Indian_Reservation" title="Standing Rock Indian Reservation">Standing Rock Indian Reservation</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_Lake_Tribe" title="Spirit Lake Tribe">Spirit Lake Tribe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spirit_Lake_Tribe" title="Spirit Lake Tribe">Spirit Lake Reservation</a>; and</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_Mountain_Band_of_Chippewa_Indians" title="Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians">Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turtle_Mountain_Reservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Turtle Mountain Reservation">Turtle Mountain Reservation</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal">Federal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Federal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_North_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Senators from North Dakota">List of United States Senators from North Dakota</a></div> <p>North Dakota's <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senators" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senators">United States Senators</a> are <a href="/wiki/John_Hoeven" title="John Hoeven">John Hoeven</a> (<a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Republican_Party" title="North Dakota Republican Party">R</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Cramer" title="Kevin Cramer">Kevin Cramer</a> (R). The state has one <a href="/wiki/At-large" title="At-large">at-large</a> <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="North Dakota's at-large congressional district">congressional district</a> represented by <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">Representative</a> <a href="/wiki/Julie_Fedorchak" title="Julie Fedorchak">Julie Fedorchak</a> (<a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Republican_Party" title="North Dakota Republican Party">R</a>). </p><p>Federal court cases are heard in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_North_Dakota" title="United States District Court for the District of North Dakota">United States District Court for the District of North Dakota</a>, which holds court in <a href="/wiki/Bismarck,_North_Dakota" title="Bismarck, North Dakota">Bismarck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fargo,_North_Dakota" title="Fargo, North Dakota">Fargo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Forks,_North_Dakota" title="Grand Forks, North Dakota">Grand Forks</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Minot,_North_Dakota" title="Minot, North Dakota">Minot</a>. Appeals are heard by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eighth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit">Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals</a> based in <a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis, Missouri</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_North_Dakota" title="Politics of North Dakota">Politics of North Dakota</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Political_party_strength_in_North_Dakota" title="Political party strength in North Dakota">Political party strength in North Dakota</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_North_Dakota" title="List of political parties in North Dakota">List of political parties in North Dakota</a></div><p><a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a>'s Election Performance Index ranked North Dakota #1 in overall election administration policy and performance in the 2018, 2014, 2012, 2010, and 2008 elections.<sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_presidential_election_in_North_Dakota,_2016.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/United_States_presidential_election_in_North_Dakota%2C_2016.svg/310px-United_States_presidential_election_in_North_Dakota%2C_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/United_States_presidential_election_in_North_Dakota%2C_2016.svg/465px-United_States_presidential_election_in_North_Dakota%2C_2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/United_States_presidential_election_in_North_Dakota%2C_2016.svg/620px-United_States_presidential_election_in_North_Dakota%2C_2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2904" data-file-height="3201" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Treemap" class="mw-redirect" title="Treemap">Treemap</a> of the popular vote by county, 2016 presidential election</figcaption></figure> <p>The major political parties in North Dakota are the <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Democratic-NPL_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="North Dakota Democratic-NPL Party">Democratic-NPL</a> and the <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Republican_Party" title="North Dakota Republican Party">Republican Party</a>. As of 2007<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a> are also organized parties in the state. </p><p>At the state level, the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_North_Dakota" title="Governor of North Dakota">governorship</a> has been held by the Republican Party since 1992, along with a majority of the state legislature and statewide officers. Dem-NPL showings were strong in the 2000 governor's race, and in the 2006 legislative elections, but the League has not had a major breakthrough since the administration of former state governor <a href="/wiki/George_Sinner" class="mw-redirect" title="George Sinner">George Sinner</a>. </p><p>The Republican Party presidential candidate usually carries the state by a considerable margin; in <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election_in_North_Dakota" title="2020 United States presidential election in North Dakota">2020</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> won over 65% of the vote. Of all the Democratic presidential candidates since 1892, only <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a> (1892, one of three votes), <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> (1912 and 1916), <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (1932 and 1936), and <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> (1964) received <a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral College (United States)">Electoral College</a> votes from North Dakota. </p><p>On the other hand, Dem-NPL candidates for North Dakota's federal Senate and House seats won every election between 1982 and 2008, and the state's federal delegation was entirely Democratic from 1987 to 2011. However, both of the current U.S. senators, <a href="/wiki/John_Hoeven" title="John Hoeven">John Hoeven</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Cramer" title="Kevin Cramer">Kevin Cramer</a>, are Republicans, as is the sole House member, <a href="/wiki/Julie_Fedorchak" title="Julie Fedorchak">Julie Fedorchak</a>. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Heartbeat_bill" title="Heartbeat bill">six-week abortion ban is active</a> in North Dakota. Despite this, a <a href="/wiki/Plurality_voting" title="Plurality voting">simple majority</a> of the state's citizens oppose the legislation.<sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_taxes">State taxes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: State taxes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>North Dakota has a slightly <a href="/wiki/Progressive_tax" title="Progressive tax">progressive income tax</a> structure; the five brackets of state <a href="/wiki/Income_tax" title="Income tax">income tax</a> rates are 1.1%, 2.04%, 2.27%, 2.64%, and 2.90% as of 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2005 North Dakota ranked 22nd highest by per capita state taxes.<sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Sales_tax" title="Sales tax">sales tax</a> in North Dakota is 6% for most items.<sup id="cite_ref-sales_tax_199-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sales_tax-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state allows municipalities to institute local sales taxes and special local taxes, such as the 1.75% supplemental sales tax in Grand Forks.<sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Excise" title="Excise">Excise taxes</a> are levied on the purchase price or market value of aircraft registered in North Dakota. The state imposes a <a href="/wiki/Use_tax" title="Use tax">use tax</a> on items purchased elsewhere but used within North Dakota. Owners of <a href="/wiki/Real_property" title="Real property">real property</a> in North Dakota pay <a href="/wiki/Property_tax" title="Property tax">property tax</a> to their county, municipality, school district, and special taxing districts.<sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Tax_Foundation" title="Tax Foundation">Tax Foundation</a> ranks North Dakota as the state with the 20th most "business friendly" tax climate in the nation.<sup id="cite_ref-taxfound_202-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taxfound-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tax_Freedom_Day" title="Tax Freedom Day">Tax Freedom Day</a> arrives on April 1, 10 days earlier than the national Tax Freedom Day.<sup id="cite_ref-taxfound_202-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taxfound-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006, North Dakota was the state with the lowest number of returns filed by taxpayers with an <a href="/wiki/Adjusted_gross_income" title="Adjusted gross income">adjusted gross income</a> of over $1M—only 333.<sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_North_Dakota" title="List of people from North Dakota">List of people from North Dakota</a>.</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Anderson" title="Lynn Anderson">Lynn Anderson</a>, country music singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Anderson" title="Sam Anderson">Sam Anderson</a>, actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmen_Berg" class="mw-redirect" title="Carmen Berg">Carmen Berg</a>, Playboy Playmate, July 1987</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Bohrer" title="Brian Bohrer">Brian Bohrer</a>, minister and author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paula_Broadwell" title="Paula Broadwell">Paula Broadwell</a>, American writer, academic and former military officer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buchli" title="James Buchli">James Buchli</a>, former <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> <a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">astronaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Burdick" title="Quentin Burdick">Quentin Burdick</a>, former <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senator">U.S. Senator</a>, third longest-serving Senator among current members of this body</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Burgum" title="Doug Burgum">Doug Burgum</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_North_Dakota" title="Governor of North Dakota">Governor of North Dakota</a> and <a href="/wiki/Doug_Burgum_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Doug Burgum 2024 presidential campaign">candidate for president</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Christopher" title="Warren Christopher">Warren Christopher</a>, former <a href="/wiki/U.S._Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Secretary of State">U.S. Secretary of State</a>, diplomat and lawyer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Curfman" title="Shannon Curfman">Shannon Curfman</a>, American blues-rock guitarist and singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angie_Dickinson" title="Angie Dickinson">Angie Dickinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe">Golden Globe</a>-winning television and film actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Duhamel" title="Josh Duhamel">Josh Duhamel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmy Award">Emmy Award</a>-winning actor and former male fashion model</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Ben_Eielson" title="Carl Ben Eielson">Carl Ben Eielson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aviator" class="mw-redirect" title="Aviator">aviator</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bush_pilot" class="mw-redirect" title="Bush pilot">bush pilot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="Explorer">explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CariDee_English" title="CariDee English">CariDee English</a>, winner of Cycle 7 on <i><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model" title="America's Next Top Model">America's Next Top Model</a></i>. Host of <i><a href="/wiki/Pretty_Wicked" title="Pretty Wicked">Pretty Wicked</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Erdrich" title="Louise Erdrich">Louise Erdrich</a>, Native American author of novels, poetry, and <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_books" class="mw-redirect" title="Children's books">children's books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darin_Erstad" title="Darin Erstad">Darin Erstad</a>, MLB all-star and World Series Champion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travis_Hafner" title="Travis Hafner">Travis Hafner</a>, Former MLB <a href="/wiki/Designated_Hitter" class="mw-redirect" title="Designated Hitter">Designated Hitter</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Indians" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland Indians">Cleveland Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hieb" title="Richard Hieb">Richard Hieb</a>, former <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> <a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">astronaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clint_Hill_(Secret_Service)" title="Clint Hill (Secret Service)">Clint Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" title="United States Secret Service">United States Secret Service</a> agent who was in the presidential motorcade during the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">assassination of John F. Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgil_Hill" title="Virgil Hill">Virgil Hill</a>, former WBA World Cruiserweight champion and Olympic boxer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Jackson" title="Phil Jackson">Phil Jackson</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a> coach who won 11 <a href="/wiki/NBA" class="mw-redirect" title="NBA">NBA</a> championships in his coaching career</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_C._Jones" title="David C. Jones">David C. Jones</a>, 9th chairman of the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Joint Chiefs of Staff">Joint Chiefs of Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Kahl" title="Gordon Kahl">Gordon Kahl</a>, tax protester best known for the Medina shootout in 1983</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Klosterman" title="Chuck Klosterman">Chuck Klosterman</a>, writer, journalist, critic, humorist, and essayist whose work often focuses on <a href="/wiki/Popular_culture" title="Popular culture">pop culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_L%27Amour" title="Louis L'Amour">Louis L'Amour</a>, author of primarily <a href="/wiki/Western_fiction" title="Western fiction">Western fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonny_Lang" title="Jonny Lang">Jonny Lang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy-winning</a> <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a> guitarist and singer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Lee" title="Peggy Lee">Peggy Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Traditional_pop" title="Traditional pop">traditional pop</a> singer and songwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Linkletter" title="Nicole Linkletter">Nicole Linkletter</a>, winner of Cycle 5 on <a href="/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model" title="America's Next Top Model">America's Next Top Model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kellan_Lutz" title="Kellan Lutz">Kellan Lutz</a>, actor who portrays Emmett Cullen in <i><a href="/wiki/Twilight_(2008_film)" title="Twilight (2008 film)">Twilight</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/New_Moon_(2009_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Moon (2009 film)">New Moon</a></i>. Former male fashion model</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Maris" title="Roger Maris">Roger Maris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Right_fielder" title="Right fielder">right fielder</a> in <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> and former single season home run record holder</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connor_McGovern_(American_football,_born_1993)" title="Connor McGovern (American football, born 1993)">Connor McGovern</a>, professional football player for the <a href="/wiki/Denver_Broncos" title="Denver Broncos">Denver Broncos</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Jets" title="New York Jets">New York Jets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cara_Mund" title="Cara Mund">Cara Mund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miss_America_2018" title="Miss America 2018">Miss America 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McGrath_(poet)" title="Thomas McGrath (poet)">Thomas McGrath</a>, poet and political activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_H._Miller" title="Michael H. Miller">Michael H. Miller</a>, 61st Superintendent of the United States Naval Academy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffin_Neal" title="Griffin Neal">Griffin Neal</a>, professional football player for the <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_Saints" title="New Orleans Saints">New Orleans Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mancur_Olson" title="Mancur Olson">Mancur Olson</a>, economist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Ritchson" title="Alan Ritchson">Alan Ritchson</a>, participant in 3rd season of <i><a href="/wiki/American_Idol" title="American Idol">American Idol</a></i>, singer, model and actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacagawea" title="Sacagawea">Sakakawea</a>, who joined <a href="/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis and Clark">Lewis and Clark</a> on their expedition</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Schultz" title="Ed Schultz">Ed Schultz</a>, host of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Ed_Schultz_Show" title="The Ed Schultz Show">The Ed Schultz Show</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Sevareid" title="Eric Sevareid">Eric Sevareid</a>, <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> news journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Sothern" title="Ann Sothern">Ann Sothern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Oscar nominated</a> film and television actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_St._Clair" title="Richard St. Clair">Richard St. Clair</a>, Harvard-educated composer of modern classical music</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadoe_Stevens" title="Shadoe Stevens">Shadoe Stevens</a>, host of <i><a href="/wiki/American_Top_40" title="American Top 40">American Top 40</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Vee" title="Bobby Vee">Bobby Vee</a>, pop music singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Welk" title="Lawrence Welk">Lawrence Welk</a>, musician, <a href="/wiki/Accordion" title="Accordion">accordion</a> player, <a href="/wiki/Bandleader" title="Bandleader">bandleader</a>, and television <a href="/wiki/Impresario" title="Impresario">impresario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carson_Wentz" title="Carson Wentz">Carson Wentz</a>, professional football player for the <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Chiefs" title="Kansas City Chiefs">Kansas City Chiefs</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_North_Dakota-related_articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Index of North Dakota-related articles">Index of North Dakota-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_North_Dakota" title="Outline of North Dakota">Outline of North Dakota</a></li> <li><i><b><small><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Flag_of_North_Dakota.svg/32px-Flag_of_North_Dakota.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Flag_of_North_Dakota.svg/48px-Flag_of_North_Dakota.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Flag_of_North_Dakota.svg/64px-Flag_of_North_Dakota.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1247" data-file-height="983" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_Dakota" title="Portal:North Dakota">North Dakota portal</a></small></b></i></li> <li><i><b><small><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></small></b></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NAVD88-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NAVD88_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NAVD88_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Elevation adjusted to <a href="/wiki/North_American_Vertical_Datum_of_1988" title="North American Vertical Datum of 1988">North American Vertical Datum of 1988</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also on earlier dates at the same time or other places</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-USGS-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USGS_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USGS_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111015012701/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html">"Elevations and Distances in the United States"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>. 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html">the original</a> on October 15, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 24,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elevations+and+Distances+in+the+United+States&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft.date=2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fegsc.usgs.gov%2Fisb%2Fpubs%2Fbooklets%2Felvadist%2Felvadist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorth+Dakota" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/ND/PST045224">"United States Census Quick Facts North Dakota"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 9,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+States+Census+Quick+Facts+North+Dakota&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fquickfacts%2Ffact%2Ftable%2FND%2FPST045224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorth+Dakota" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2024/demo/acsbr-023.pdf">"Household Income in States and Metropolitan Areas: 2023"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 12,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Household+Income+in+States+and+Metropolitan+Areas%3A+2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2F2024%2Fdemo%2Facsbr-023.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorth+Dakota" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130117073131/http://www.legis.nd.gov/cencode/t54c02.pdf">"North Dakota Century Code, CHAPTER 54–02–13"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. September 13, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legis.nd.gov/cencode/t54c02.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on January 17, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 13,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=North+Dakota+Century+Code%2C+CHAPTER+54%E2%80%9302%E2%80%9313&rft.date=2013-09-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legis.nd.gov%2Fcencode%2Ft54c02.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorth+Dakota" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/North%20Dakota">"North Dakota"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=North+Dakota&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FNorth%2520Dakota&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorth+Dakota" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStein2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Stein_(author)" title="Mark Stein (author)">Stein, Mark</a> (2008). <i>How the States Got Their Shapes</i>. 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Canadian Traders Among the Mandan and Hidatsa Indians, 1738–1818.</i> Norman and London, 1987, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ahler, Stanley A., T. D. Thiessen and M. K. Trimble: <i>People of the Willows. The Prehistory and Early History of the Hidatsa Indians</i>. Grand Forks, 1991., p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wood, W. Raymond: Notes on the Crow-Hidatsa Schism. <i>Plains Anthropologist</i>, Vol. 22 (1977), pp. 83–100, p. 86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Milloy, John S.: <i>The Plains Cree. Trade, Diplomacy and War, 1790–1870</i>. Winnipeg, 1988, pp. 47–66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wood, W. Raymond: The Earliest Map of the Mandan Heartland: Notes on the Jarvis and Mackay 1791 Map. <i>Plains Anthropologist</i>. Vol. 55, No. 216 (Nov. 2010), pp. 255–276, p. 266.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hyde, George E.: <i>Life of George Bent. Written From His Letters</i>. Norman, 1987. pp. 9–15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wood, W. Raymond: The Earliest Map of the Mandan Heartland: Notes on the Jarvis and Mackay 1791 Map. <i>Plains Anthropologist</i>. Vol. 55, No. 216 (Nov. 2010), pp. 255–276, p. 272.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Meyer, Roy W.: <i>The Village Indians of Upper Missouri. The Mandans, Hidatsas, and Arikaras</i>. Lincoln and London, 1977, p. 90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-atlas_of_canada-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-atlas_of_canada_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013180956/http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/historical/exploration/1738_verendrye.mov/view">"Audio Transcript of Pierre Gaultier de La Vérendrye 1738"</a>. The Atlas of Canada. 2003. 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Basic Books. p. 101. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780465025114" title="Special:BookSources/9780465025114"><bdi>9780465025114</bdi></a>. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"On February 22, 1889, outgoing President Cleveland signed an omnibus bill that divided the Territory of Dakota in half. The bill also enable the people in the new Territories of North Dakota and South Dakota, as well as the older territories of Montana and Washington, to write state constitutions and elect state governments. The four new states would be admitted into the Union in nine months. This plan cut Democratic New Mexico out of statehood, and split Republican Dakota Territory into two new Republican states. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=birdsology&rft.atitle=10+Species+Of+Hawks+In+North+Dakota+%5BImages+%2B+Ids%5D&rft.date=2023-03-03&rft.au=birdy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbirdsology.com%2Fhawks-in-north-dakota%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorth+Dakota" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insectidentification.org/insects-by-state.php?thisState=North%20Dakota">"BUGS Listing of bugs and other insects that can be found in North Dakota"</a>. <i>Insect identification</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Insect+identification&rft.atitle=BUGS+Listing+of+bugs+and+other+insects+that+can+be+found+in+North+Dakota&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insectidentification.org%2Finsects-by-state.php%3FthisState%3DNorth%2520Dakota&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorth+Dakota" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gf.nd.gov/wildlife/id/fish/state-list">"Current North Dakota Fish Species Listing"</a>. <i>North Dakota Game and Fish</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=North+Dakota+Game+and+Fish&rft.atitle=Current+North+Dakota+Fish+Species+Listing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgf.nd.gov%2Fwildlife%2Fid%2Ffish%2Fstate-list&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorth+Dakota" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230302054713/https://gf.nd.gov/gnf/conservation/docs/amphibian-reptile-brochure.pdf">"The Reptile and Amphibians of North Dakota"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>North Dakota Game and Fish</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gf.nd.gov/gnf/conservation/docs/amphibian-reptile-brochure.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 2, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 2,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=North+Dakota+Game+and+Fish&rft.atitle=The+Reptile+and+Amphibians+of+North+Dakota&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgf.nd.gov%2Fgnf%2Fconservation%2Fdocs%2Famphibian-reptile-brochure.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorth+Dakota" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1096&context=tpn">"Distribution of crayfish species in select North Dakota streams"</a>. <i>Digital commons</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Digital+commons&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+crayfish+species+in+select+North+Dakota+streams&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.unl.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1096%26context%3Dtpn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorth+Dakota" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.prairiepublic.org/natural-north-dakota/2019-08-03/giant-floater-clam?_amp=true">"Giant floater clams"</a>. <i>Prairie Public</i>. 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October 25, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 25,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2023+Population+Estimates&rft.atitle=QuickFacts+North+Dakota%3B+UNITED+STATES&rft.date=2024-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fquickfacts%2Ffact%2Ftable%2FND%2CUS%2FPST045223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorth+Dakota" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov">"U.S. Census website"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 19,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=North+Dakota+Historical+Population&rft.pub=North+Dakota+State+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndsu.nodak.edu%2Finstruct%2Fsainieid%2Fnorth-dakota-historical-population.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorth+Dakota" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.governor.nd.gov/news/burgum-welcomes-new-record-population-estimate-783926-north-dakota-us-census-bureau">"Burgum welcomes new record population estimate of 783,926 for North Dakota from U.S. Census Bureau | North Dakota Office of the Governor"</a>. <i>www.governor.nd.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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United States Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cdc.gov&rft.atitle=Data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fnchs%2Fdata%2Fnvsr%2Fnvsr70%2Fnvsr70-17.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorth+Dakota" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr72/nvsr72-01.pdf">"Data"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.cdc.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ndsu.edu/sdc/data/populationtrends.htm">the original</a> on August 18, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.in-forum.com/specials/savingnd/index2.cfm?page=articles_inside&id=27390">the original</a> on September 27, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 19,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Forum+of+Fargo-Moorhead&rft.atitle=Agenda+2003%E2%80%94Saving+North+Dakota&rft.date=2002&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.in-forum.com%2Fspecials%2Fsavingnd%2Findex2.cfm%3Fpage%3Darticles_inside%26id%3D27390&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorth+Dakota" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.denverpost.com/business/ci_22258851/oil-boom-turbocharges-north-dakota-population-growth">"Oil boom turbocharges North Dakota population growth"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130120114748/http://www.denverpost.com/business/ci_22258851/oil-boom-turbocharges-north-dakota-population-growth">Archived</a> January 20, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The Denver Post</i>, Retrieved on July 12, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110324073045/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/">"2010 Census Data"</a>. 2010.census.gov. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/">the original</a> on March 24, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 14,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2010+Census+Data&rft.pub=2010.census.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F2010.census.gov%2F2010census%2Fdata%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorth+Dakota" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=North%20Dakota%20population&tid=ACSDP1Y2019.DP05">"2019 Demographic and Housing Estimates"</a>. <i>data.census.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210522202745/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=North%20Dakota%20population&tid=ACSDP1Y2019.DP05">Archived</a> from the original on May 22, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 22,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.census.gov&rft.atitle=2019+Demographic+and+Housing+Estimates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fcedsci%2Ftable%3Fq%3DNorth%2520Dakota%2520population%26tid%3DACSDP1Y2019.DP05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorth+Dakota" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/09/11/where-refugees-go-in-america/">"Where refugees go in America"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170904200629/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/09/11/where-refugees-go-in-america/">Archived</a> from the original on September 4, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Where+refugees+go+in+America&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fwonk%2Fwp%2F2015%2F09%2F11%2Fwhere-refugees-go-in-america%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorth+Dakota" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160710130935/http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/orr/resource/fiscal-year-2014-refugee-arrivals">"Fiscal Year 2014 Refugee Arrivals—Office of Refugee Resettlement—Administration for Children and Families"</a>. <i>Acf.hhs.gov</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Acf.hhs.gov&rft.atitle=Fiscal+Year+2014+Refugee+Arrivals%E2%80%94Office+of+Refugee+Resettlement%E2%80%94Administration+for+Children+and+Families&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.acf.hhs.gov%2Fprograms%2Forr%2Fresource%2Ffiscal-year-2014-refugee-arrivals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorth+Dakota" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inforum.com/news/3853303-north-dakota-leads-nation-refugee-resettlement-capita">"North Dakota leads nation in refugee resettlement per capita"</a>. <i>Inforum.com</i>. October 4, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170926174445/http://www.inforum.com/news/3853303-north-dakota-leads-nation-refugee-resettlement-capita">Archived</a> from the original on September 26, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inforum.com&rft.atitle=North+Dakota+leads+nation+in+refugee+resettlement+per+capita&rft.date=2015-10-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inforum.com%2Fnews%2F3853303-north-dakota-leads-nation-refugee-resettlement-capita&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorth+Dakota" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inforum.com/news/3846661-federal-funding-issued-refugee-resettlement">"Federal funding issued for refugee resettlement"</a>. <i>Inforum.com</i>. September 25, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170926171812/http://www.inforum.com/news/3846661-federal-funding-issued-refugee-resettlement">Archived</a> from the original on September 26, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inforum.com&rft.atitle=Federal+funding+issued+for+refugee+resettlement&rft.date=2015-09-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inforum.com%2Fnews%2F3846661-federal-funding-issued-refugee-resettlement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorth+Dakota" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusreporter.org/data/map/?table=C05006&geo_ids=040%7C01000US&primary_geo_id=01000US#column%7CC05006043,sumlev%7C040">"Place of Birth for the Foreign-born Population"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220325225906/https://censusreporter.org/data/map/?table=C05006&geo_ids=040%7C01000US&primary_geo_id=01000US#column%7CC05006043,sumlev%7C040">Archived</a> from the original on March 25, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 24,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Place+of+Birth+for+the+Foreign-born+Population&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusreporter.org%2Fdata%2Fmap%2F%3Ftable%3DC05006%26geo_ids%3D040%26%23124%3B01000US%26primary_geo_id%3D01000US%23column%26%23124%3BC05006043%2Csumlev%26%23124%3B040&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorth+Dakota" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census_cum-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census_cum_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090205023552/http://www.census.gov/popest/states/tables/NST-EST2008-04.csv">"Cumulative Estimates of the Components of Population Change for the United States, Regions and States: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2008 (NST-EST2008-04)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a>. December 15, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/popest/states/tables/NST-EST2008-04.csv">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(CSV)</span> on February 5, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cumulative+Estimates+of+the+Components+of+Population+Change+for+the+United+States%2C+Regions+and+States%3A+April+1%2C+2000+to+July+1%2C+2008+%28NST-EST2008-04%29&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2015-12-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopest%2Fstates%2Ftables%2FNST-EST2008-04.csv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorth+Dakota" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov">"U.S. Census website—Results"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19961227012639/https://www.census.gov/">Archived</a> December 27, 1996, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> .</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/ND/PST045219">"2019 QuickFacts"</a>. <i>U.S. Census Bureau</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327055632/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/ND/PST045219">Archived</a> from the original on March 27, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 22,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=2019+QuickFacts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fquickfacts%2Ffact%2Ftable%2FND%2FPST045219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorth+Dakota" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedickinsonpress.com/community/immigrants-make-up-about-5-of-north-dakotas-population-report-says">"Immigrants make up about 5% of North Dakota's population, report says"</a>. 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The Tax Foundation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111103121942/http://taxfoundation.org/research/topic/48.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 3, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 14,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tax+Research+Areas+%3E+North+Dakota&rft.pub=The+Tax+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taxfoundation.org%2Fresearch%2Ftopic%2F48.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorth+Dakota" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120809061702/https://www.irs.gov/taxstats/article/0%2C%2Cid%3D102886%2C00.html">"IRS—Tax Stats at a Glance"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irs.gov/taxstats/article/0,,id=102886,00.html">the original</a> on August 9, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IRS%E2%80%94Tax+Stats+at+a+Glance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irs.gov%2Ftaxstats%2Farticle%2F0%2C%2Cid%3D102886%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorth+Dakota" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_North_Dakota_history" title="Bibliography of North Dakota history">Bibliography of North Dakota history</a></div> <ul><li>Arends, Shirley Fischer. <i>The Central Dakota Germans: Their History, Language, and Culture.</i> (1989). 289 pp.</li> <li>Berg, Francie M., ed. <i>Ethnic Heritage in North Dakota.</i> (1983). 174 pp.</li> <li>Blackorby, Edward C. <i>Prairie Rebel: The Public Life of William Lemke</i> (1963), a radical leader in 1930s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/read/11908002?title=Prairie%20Rebel%3a%20The%20Public%20Life%20of%20William%20Lemke">online edition</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120721131028/http://www.questia.com/read/11908002?title=Prairie%20Rebel%3a%20The%20Public%20Life%20of%20William%20Lemke">Archived</a> July 21, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Collins, Michael L. <i>That Damned Cowboy: Theodore Roosevelt and the American West, 1883–1898</i> (1989).</li> <li>Cooper, Jerry and Smith, Glen. <i>Citizens as Soldiers: A History of the North Dakota National Guard.</i> (1986). 447 pp.</li> <li>Crawford, Lewis F. <i>History of North Dakota</i> (3 vol 1931), excellent history in vol 1; biographies in vol. 2–3</li> <li>Danbom, David B. <i>"Our Purpose Is to Serve": The First Century of the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station.</i> (1990). 237 pp.</li> <li>Eisenberg, C. G. <i>History of the First Dakota-District of the Evangelical-Lutheran Synod of Iowa and the Other States.</i> (1982). 268 pp.</li> <li>Ginsburg, Faye D. <i>Contested Lives: The Abortion Debate in an American Community</i> (1989). 315 pp. the issue in Fargo</li> <li>Hargreaves, Mary W. M. <i>Dry Farming in the Northern Great Plains: Years of Readjustment, 1920–1990.</i> (1993). 386 pp.</li> <li>Howard, Thomas W., ed. <i>The North Dakota Political Tradition.</i> (1981). 220 pp.</li> <li>Hudson, John C. <i>Plains Country Towns.</i> (1985). 189 pp. geographer studies small towns</li> <li>Junker, Rozanne Enerson. <i>The Bank of North Dakota: An Experiment in State Ownership.</i> (1989). 185 pp.</li> <li>Lamar, Howard R. <i>Dakota Territory, 1861–1889: A Study of Frontier Politics</i> (1956).</li> <li>Lounsberry, Clement A. <i>Early history of North Dakota</i> (1919) excellent history by an editor of <i>Bismarck Tribune</i>; 645pp <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BHQUAAAAYAAJ">online edition</a></li> <li>Lysengen, Janet Daley and Rathke, Ann M., eds. <i>The Centennial Anthology of "North Dakota History: Journal of the Northern Plains"</i> (1996). 526 pp. articles from state history journal covering all major topics in the state's history</li> <li>Morlan, Robert L. <i>Political Prairie Fire: The Nonpartisan League, 1915–1922.</i> (1955). 414 pp. NPL comes to power briefly</li> <li>Peirce, Neal R. <i>The Great Plains States of America: People, Politics, and Power in the Nine Great Plains States</i> (1973) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0393053490">excerpt and text ssearch</a>, chapter on North Dakota</li> <li>Robinson, Elwyn B., D. Jerome Tweton, and David B. Danbom. <i>History of North Dakota</i> (2nd ed. 1995) standard history, by leading scholars; extensive bibliography <ul><li>Robinson, Elwyn B. <i>History of North Dakota</i> (1966) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/read/89553282?title=History%20of%20North%20Dakota">First edition online</a></li></ul></li> <li>Schneider, Mary Jane. <i>North Dakota Indians: An Introduction.</i> (1986). 276 pp.</li> <li>Sherman, William C. and Thorson, Playford V., eds. <i>Plains Folk: North Dakota's Ethnic History.</i> (1988). 419 pp.</li> <li>Sherman, William C. <i>Prairie Mosaic: An Ethnic Atlas of Rural North Dakota.</i> (1983). 152 pp.</li> <li>Smith, Glen H. <i>Langer of North Dakota: A Study in Isolationism, 1940–1959.</i> (1979). 238 pp. biography of influential conservative Senator</li> <li>Snortland, J. Signe, ed. <i>A Traveler's Companion to North Dakota State Historic Sites.</i> (1996). 155 pp.</li> <li>Stock, Catherine McNicol. <i>Main Street in Crisis: The Great Depression and the Old Middle Class on the Northern Plains.</i> (1992). 305pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/read/15562850?title=Main%20Street%20in%20Crisis%3a%20The%20Great%20Depression%20and%20the%20Old%20Middle%20Class%20on%20the%20Northern%20Plains">online edition</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110402013722/http://www.questia.com/read/15562850?title=Main%20Street%20in%20Crisis%3A%20The%20Great%20Depression%20and%20the%20Old%20Middle%20Class%20on%20the%20Northern%20Plains">Archived</a> April 2, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Tauxe, Caroline S. <i>Farms, Mines and Main Streets: Uneven Development in a Dakota County.</i> (1993). 276 pp. coal and grain in Mercer County</li> <li>Tweton, D. Jerome and Jelliff, Theodore B. <i>North Dakota: The Heritage of a People.</i> (1976). 242 pp. textbook history</li> <li>Wilkins, Robert P. and Wilkins, Wynona Hachette. <i>North Dakota: A Bicentennial History.</i> (1977) 218 pp. popular history</li> <li>Wishart, David J. ed. <i>Encyclopedia of the Great Plains</i>, University of Nebraska Press, 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8032-4787-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8032-4787-7">0-8032-4787-7</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/">complete text online</a>; 900 pages of scholarly articles</li> <li>Young, Carrie. <i>Prairie Cooks: Glorified Rice, Three-Day Buns, and Other Reminiscences.</i> (1993). 136 pp.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Primary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Benson, Bjorn; Hampsten, Elizabeth; and Sweney, Kathryn, eds. <i>Day In, Day Out: Women's Lives in North Dakota.</i> (1988). 326 pp.</li> <li>Maximilian, Prince of Wied. <i>Travels in the Interior of North America in the rears 1832 to 1834</i> (Vols. XXII-XXIV of "Early Western Travels, 1748–1846", ed. by Reuben Gold Thwaites; 1905–1906). Maximilian spent the winter of 1833–1834 at Fort Clark.</li> <li>the University of North Dakota, Bureau of Governmental Affairs, ed., <i>A Compilation of North Dakota Political Party Platforms, 1884–1978.</i> (1979). 388 pp.</li> <li>WPA. <i>North Dakota: A Guide to the Northern Prairie State</i> (2nd ed. 1950), the classic guide <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/read/16322595?title=North%20Dakota%3a%20A%20Guide%20to%20the%20Northern%20Prairie%20State">online edition</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/North_Dakota" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/North Dakota">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/North_Dakota" class="extiw" title="voy:North Dakota">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nd.gov">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=ND">USGS real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of North Dakota</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/states/northdakota/">North Dakota State Guide, from the Library of Congress</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060615210657/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/38000.html">U.S. Census Bureau facts of North Dakota</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=38&StateName=North%20Dakota#.U8LU9PldUeo">North Dakota State Facts</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160927002842/http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=38&StateName=North%20Dakota#.U8LU9PldUeo">Archived</a> September 27, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>—<a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">USDA</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.netstate.com/states/geography/nd_geography.htm">NETSTATE Geography</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/161653">North Dakota</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Union" title="List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union">List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union</a> </b><br />Admitted on November 2, 1889 (39th) </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output 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ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_North_Dakota520" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_Dakota" title="Template:North Dakota"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_Dakota" title="Template talk:North Dakota"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_Dakota" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North Dakota"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_North_Dakota520" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">North Dakota</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Bismarck,_North_Dakota" title="Bismarck, North Dakota">Bismarck</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_North_Dakota" title="Outline of North Dakota">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_North_Dakota%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of North Dakota–related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_North_Dakota" title="Climate of North Dakota">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_North_Dakota" title="List of colleges and universities in North Dakota">Colleges and universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_North_Dakota" title="Cuisine of North Dakota">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_North_Dakota" title="United States congressional delegations from North Dakota">Delegations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_North_Dakota" title="Geography of North Dakota">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_North_Dakota" title="List of governors of North Dakota">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_North_Dakota" title="History of North Dakota">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_North_Dakota_history" title="Bibliography of North Dakota history">bibliography</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_North_Dakota" title="List of islands of North Dakota">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_North_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in North Dakota">LGBT history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Dakota" title="Music of North Dakota">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_North_Dakota" title="List of people from North Dakota">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_North_Dakota_state_symbols" title="List of North Dakota state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_North_Dakota" title="Category:Tourist attractions in North Dakota">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_North_Dakota.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Dakota.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Dakota.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Dakota.svg/113px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Dakota.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Dakota.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Dakota.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="133" data-file-height="213" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_North_Dakota" title="Abortion in North Dakota">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_North_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of North Dakota">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_North_Dakota" title="Crime in North Dakota">Crime</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Demographics">Demographics</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Economy">Economy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_North_Dakota" title="Gun laws in North Dakota">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_North_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in North Dakota">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_North_Dakota" title="Politics of North Dakota">Politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_North_Dakota" title="Geography of North Dakota">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_National_Park" title="Theodore Roosevelt National Park">Badlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Coteau" title="Missouri Coteau">Missouri Coteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drift_Prairie" title="Drift Prairie">Drift Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_Valley" title="Red River Valley">Red River Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_Mountain_(plateau)" title="Turtle Mountain (plateau)">Turtle Mountains</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_North_Dakota" title="List of cities in North Dakota">Larger cities <br /> pop. over 5,000</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bismarck,_North_Dakota" title="Bismarck, North Dakota">Bismarck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devils_Lake,_North_Dakota" title="Devils Lake, North Dakota">Devils Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dickinson,_North_Dakota" title="Dickinson, North Dakota">Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fargo,_North_Dakota" title="Fargo, North Dakota">Fargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Forks,_North_Dakota" title="Grand Forks, North Dakota">Grand Forks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_North_Dakota" title="Jamestown, North Dakota">Jamestown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandan,_North_Dakota" title="Mandan, North Dakota">Mandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minot,_North_Dakota" title="Minot, North Dakota">Minot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_City,_North_Dakota" title="Valley City, North Dakota">Valley City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahpeton,_North_Dakota" title="Wahpeton, North Dakota">Wahpeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watford_City,_North_Dakota" title="Watford City, North Dakota">Watford City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Fargo,_North_Dakota" title="West Fargo, North Dakota">West Fargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williston,_North_Dakota" title="Williston, North Dakota">Williston</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_North_Dakota" title="List of cities in North Dakota">Smaller cities <br /> pop. 1,000–5,000</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach,_North_Dakota" title="Beach, North Dakota">Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beulah,_North_Dakota" title="Beulah, North Dakota">Beulah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottineau,_North_Dakota" title="Bottineau, North Dakota">Bottineau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowman,_North_Dakota" title="Bowman, North Dakota">Bowman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlington,_North_Dakota" title="Burlington, North Dakota">Burlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cando,_North_Dakota" title="Cando, North Dakota">Cando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrington,_North_Dakota" title="Carrington, North Dakota">Carrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casselton,_North_Dakota" title="Casselton, North Dakota">Casselton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalier,_North_Dakota" title="Cavalier, North Dakota">Cavalier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperstown,_North_Dakota" title="Cooperstown, North Dakota">Cooperstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosby,_North_Dakota" title="Crosby, North Dakota">Crosby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellendale,_North_Dakota" title="Ellendale, North Dakota">Ellendale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrison,_North_Dakota" title="Garrison, North Dakota">Garrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grafton,_North_Dakota" title="Grafton, North Dakota">Grafton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hankinson,_North_Dakota" title="Hankinson, North Dakota">Hankinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey,_North_Dakota" title="Harvey, North Dakota">Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazen,_North_Dakota" title="Hazen, North Dakota">Hazen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hettinger,_North_Dakota" title="Hettinger, North Dakota">Hettinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsboro,_North_Dakota" title="Hillsboro, North Dakota">Hillsboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace,_North_Dakota" title="Horace, North Dakota">Horace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenmare,_North_Dakota" title="Kenmare, North Dakota">Kenmare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdon,_North_Dakota" title="Langdon, North Dakota">Langdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larimore,_North_Dakota" title="Larimore, North Dakota">Larimore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_North_Dakota" title="Lincoln, North Dakota">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linton,_North_Dakota" title="Linton, North Dakota">Linton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisbon,_North_Dakota" title="Lisbon, North Dakota">Lisbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayville,_North_Dakota" title="Mayville, North Dakota">Mayville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Rockford,_North_Dakota" title="New Rockford, North Dakota">New Rockford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Town,_North_Dakota" title="New Town, North Dakota">New Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakes,_North_Dakota" title="Oakes, North Dakota">Oakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_River,_North_Dakota" title="Park River, North Dakota">Park River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolla,_North_Dakota" title="Rolla, North Dakota">Rolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby,_North_Dakota" title="Rugby, North Dakota">Rugby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley,_North_Dakota" title="Stanley, North Dakota">Stanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thompson,_North_Dakota" title="Thompson, North Dakota">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tioga,_North_Dakota" title="Tioga, North Dakota">Tioga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velva,_North_Dakota" title="Velva, North Dakota">Velva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walhalla,_North_Dakota" title="Walhalla, North Dakota">Walhalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washburn,_North_Dakota" title="Washburn, North Dakota">Washburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watford_City,_North_Dakota" title="Watford City, North Dakota">Watford City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wishek,_North_Dakota" title="Wishek, North Dakota">Wishek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_North_Dakota" title="List of counties in North Dakota">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adams_County,_North_Dakota" title="Adams County, North Dakota">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnes_County,_North_Dakota" title="Barnes County, North Dakota">Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benson_County,_North_Dakota" title="Benson County, North Dakota">Benson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billings_County,_North_Dakota" title="Billings County, North Dakota">Billings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottineau_County,_North_Dakota" title="Bottineau County, North Dakota">Bottineau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowman_County,_North_Dakota" title="Bowman County, North Dakota">Bowman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burke_County,_North_Dakota" title="Burke County, North Dakota">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burleigh_County,_North_Dakota" title="Burleigh County, North Dakota">Burleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cass_County,_North_Dakota" title="Cass County, North Dakota">Cass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalier_County,_North_Dakota" title="Cavalier County, North Dakota">Cavalier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dickey_County,_North_Dakota" title="Dickey County, North Dakota">Dickey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divide_County,_North_Dakota" title="Divide County, North Dakota">Divide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunn_County,_North_Dakota" title="Dunn County, North Dakota">Dunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_County,_North_Dakota" title="Eddy County, North Dakota">Eddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmons_County,_North_Dakota" title="Emmons County, North Dakota">Emmons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foster_County,_North_Dakota" title="Foster County, North Dakota">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Valley_County,_North_Dakota" title="Golden Valley County, North Dakota">Golden Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Forks_County,_North_Dakota" title="Grand Forks County, North Dakota">Grand Forks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_County,_North_Dakota" title="Grant County, North Dakota">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griggs_County,_North_Dakota" title="Griggs County, North Dakota">Griggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hettinger_County,_North_Dakota" title="Hettinger County, North Dakota">Hettinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidder_County,_North_Dakota" title="Kidder County, North Dakota">Kidder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaMoure_County,_North_Dakota" title="LaMoure County, North Dakota">LaMoure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logan_County,_North_Dakota" title="Logan County, North Dakota">Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McHenry_County,_North_Dakota" title="McHenry County, North Dakota">McHenry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McIntosh_County,_North_Dakota" title="McIntosh County, North Dakota">McIntosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McKenzie_County,_North_Dakota" title="McKenzie County, North Dakota">McKenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLean_County,_North_Dakota" title="McLean County, North Dakota">McLean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercer_County,_North_Dakota" title="Mercer County, North Dakota">Mercer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morton_County,_North_Dakota" title="Morton County, North Dakota">Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountrail_County,_North_Dakota" title="Mountrail County, North Dakota">Mountrail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_County,_North_Dakota" title="Nelson County, North Dakota">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_County,_North_Dakota" title="Oliver County, North Dakota">Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembina_County,_North_Dakota" title="Pembina County, North Dakota">Pembina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierce_County,_North_Dakota" title="Pierce County, North Dakota">Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsey_County,_North_Dakota" title="Ramsey County, North Dakota">Ramsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ransom_County,_North_Dakota" title="Ransom County, North Dakota">Ransom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renville_County,_North_Dakota" title="Renville County, North Dakota">Renville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richland_County,_North_Dakota" title="Richland County, North Dakota">Richland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolette_County,_North_Dakota" title="Rolette County, North Dakota">Rolette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sargent_County,_North_Dakota" title="Sargent County, North Dakota">Sargent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheridan_County,_North_Dakota" title="Sheridan County, North Dakota">Sheridan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux_County,_North_Dakota" title="Sioux County, North Dakota">Sioux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slope_County,_North_Dakota" title="Slope County, North Dakota">Slope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stark_County,_North_Dakota" title="Stark County, North Dakota">Stark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steele_County,_North_Dakota" title="Steele County, North Dakota">Steele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stutsman_County,_North_Dakota" title="Stutsman County, North Dakota">Stutsman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Towner_County,_North_Dakota" title="Towner County, North Dakota">Towner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traill_County,_North_Dakota" title="Traill County, North Dakota">Traill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walsh_County,_North_Dakota" title="Walsh County, North Dakota">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ward_County,_North_Dakota" title="Ward County, North Dakota">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wells_County,_North_Dakota" title="Wells County, North Dakota">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williams_County,_North_Dakota" title="Williams County, North Dakota">Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Flag_of_North_Dakota.svg/32px-Flag_of_North_Dakota.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Flag_of_North_Dakota.svg/48px-Flag_of_North_Dakota.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Flag_of_North_Dakota.svg/64px-Flag_of_North_Dakota.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1247" data-file-height="983" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_Dakota" title="Portal:North Dakota">North Dakota portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Protected_areas_of_North_Dakota490" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#abdb75;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Protected_areas_of_North_Dakota" title="Template:Protected areas of North Dakota"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Protected_areas_of_North_Dakota" title="Template talk:Protected areas of North Dakota"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Protected_areas_of_North_Dakota" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Protected areas of North Dakota"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Protected_areas_of_North_Dakota490" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_the_United_States" title="Protected areas of the United States">Protected areas</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">North Dakota</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_the_United_States" title="List of national parks of the United States">National Parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_National_Park" title="Theodore Roosevelt National Park">Theodore Roosevelt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_areas_in_the_United_States_National_Park_System#National_historic_sites" title="List of areas in the United States National Park System">National Historic Sites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Union_Trading_Post_National_Historic_Site" title="Fort Union Trading Post National Historic Site">Fort Union Trading Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knife_River_Indian_Villages_National_Historic_Site" title="Knife River Indian Villages National Historic Site">Knife River Indian Villages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="National Wildlife Refuge">National Wildlife Refuges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appert_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Appert Lake National Wildlife Refuge">Appert Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardoch_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Ardoch National Wildlife Refuge">Ardoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrowwood_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuge">Arrowwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audubon_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Audubon National Wildlife Refuge">Audubon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bone_Hill_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Bone Hill National Wildlife Refuge">Bone Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brumba_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Brumba National Wildlife Refuge">Brumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge_(North_Dakota)" title="Buffalo Lake National Wildlife Refuge (North Dakota)">Buffalo Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Camp Lake National Wildlife Refuge">Camp Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canfield_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Canfield Lake National Wildlife Refuge">Canfield Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chase_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Chase Lake National Wildlife Refuge">Chase Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottonwood_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Cottonwood Lake National Wildlife Refuge">Cottonwood Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakota_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Dakota Lake National Wildlife Refuge">Dakota Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Lacs_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Des Lacs National Wildlife Refuge">Des Lacs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Florence Lake National Wildlife Refuge">Florence Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half-Way_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Half-Way Lake National Wildlife Refuge">Half-Way Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiddenwood_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Hiddenwood National Wildlife Refuge">Hiddenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobart_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Hobart Lake National Wildlife Refuge">Hobart Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutchinson_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Hutchinson Lake National Wildlife Refuge">Hutchinson Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Clark_Salyer_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="J. Clark Salyer National Wildlife Refuge">J. Clark Salyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Johnson Lake National Wildlife Refuge">Johnson Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kellys_Slough_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Kellys Slough National Wildlife Refuge">Kellys Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Alice_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Lake Alice National Wildlife Refuge">Lake Alice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_George_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Lake George National Wildlife Refuge">Lake George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Ilo_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Lake Ilo National Wildlife Refuge">Lake Ilo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Nettie_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Lake Nettie National Wildlife Refuge">Lake Nettie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Otis_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Lake Otis National Wildlife Refuge">Lake Otis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Patricia_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Lake Patricia National Wildlife Refuge">Lake Patricia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Zahl_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Lake Zahl National Wildlife Refuge">Lake Zahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambs_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Lambs Lake National Wildlife Refuge">Lambs Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Goose_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Little Goose National Wildlife Refuge">Little Goose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Long Lake National Wildlife Refuge">Long Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lords_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Lords Lake National Wildlife Refuge">Lords Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Lost Lake National Wildlife Refuge">Lost Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple_River_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Maple River National Wildlife Refuge">Maple River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLean_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="McLean National Wildlife Refuge">McLean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleasant_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Pleasant Lake National Wildlife Refuge">Pleasant Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pretty_Rock_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Pretty Rock National Wildlife Refuge">Pretty Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabb_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Rabb Lake National Wildlife Refuge">Rabb Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Rock Lake National Wildlife Refuge">Rock Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Rose Lake National Wildlife Refuge">Rose Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_Section_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="School Section Lake National Wildlife Refuge">School Section Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Shell Lake National Wildlife Refuge">Shell Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheyenne_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Sheyenne Lake National Wildlife Refuge">Sheyenne Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibley_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Sibley Lake National Wildlife Refuge">Sibley Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Silver Lake National Wildlife Refuge">Silver Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slade_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Slade National Wildlife Refuge">Slade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snyder_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Snyder Lake National Wildlife Refuge">Snyder Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springwater_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Springwater National Wildlife Refuge">Springwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewart_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Stewart Lake National Wildlife Refuge">Stewart Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoney_Slough_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Stoney Slough National Wildlife Refuge">Stoney Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Storm Lake National Wildlife Refuge">Storm Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stump_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Stump Lake National Wildlife Refuge">Stump Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunburst_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Sunburst Lake National Wildlife Refuge">Sunburst Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tewaukon_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Tewaukon National Wildlife Refuge">Tewaukon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomahawk_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Tomahawk National Wildlife Refuge">Tomahawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Souris_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Upper Souris National Wildlife Refuge">Upper Souris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Horse_Hill_National_Game_Preserve" title="White Horse Hill National Game Preserve">White Horse Hill National Game Preserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="White Lake National Wildlife Refuge">White Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Rice_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Wild Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge">Wild Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Willow Lake National Wildlife Refuge">Willow Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wintering_River_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Wintering River National Wildlife Refuge">Wintering River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Wood Lake National Wildlife Refuge">Wood Lake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_grassland" title="National grassland">National Grasslands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_River_National_Grassland" title="Cedar River National Grassland">Cedar River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakota_Prairie_Grasslands" title="Dakota Prairie Grasslands">Dakota Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Missouri_National_Grassland" title="Little Missouri National Grassland">Little Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheyenne_National_Grassland" title="Sheyenne National Grassland">Sheyenne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_Wilderness_Preservation_System" title="National Wilderness Preservation System">U.S. Wilderness Areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chase_Lake_Wilderness" class="mw-redirect" title="Chase Lake Wilderness">Chase Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lostwood_Wilderness" title="Lostwood Wilderness">Lostwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Wilderness" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodore Roosevelt Wilderness">Theodore Roosevelt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;">Other Federal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Peace_Garden" title="International Peace Garden">International Peace Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Country_Trail" title="North Country Trail">North Country Trail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_North_Dakota_state_parks" title="List of North Dakota state parks">State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;">Parks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_Lake_State_Park_(North_Dakota)" title="Beaver Lake State Park (North Dakota)">Beaver Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_Ranch_State_Park" title="Cross Ranch State Park">Cross Ranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Fort Abraham Lincoln">Fort Abraham Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ransom_State_Park" title="Fort Ransom State Park">Fort Ransom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Stevenson_State_Park" title="Fort Stevenson State Park">Fort Stevenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grahams_Island_State_Park" title="Grahams Island State Park">Grahams Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_State_Park" title="Icelandic State Park">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Metigoshe_State_Park" title="Lake Metigoshe State Park">Lake Metigoshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Sakakawea_State_Park" title="Lake Sakakawea State Park">Lake Sakakawea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark_State_Park_(North_Dakota)" title="Lewis and Clark State Park (North Dakota)">Lewis and Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Missouri_State_Park" title="Little Missouri State Park">Little Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rough_Rider_State_Park" title="Rough Rider State Park">Rough Rider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_River_State_Park" title="Turtle River State Park">Turtle River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;">Recreation areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butte_Saint_Paul_State_Recreation_Area" title="Butte Saint Paul State Recreation Area">Butte Saint Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crow_Flies_High_State_Recreation_Area" title="Crow Flies High State Recreation Area">Crow Flies High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Metigoshe_State_Recreation_Area" title="Little Metigoshe State Recreation Area">Little Metigoshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelican_Point_State_Recreation_Area" title="Pelican Point State Recreation Area">Pelican Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembina_Gorge_State_Recreation_Area" title="Pembina Gorge State Recreation Area">Pembina Gorge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#bbeb85;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Parks_and_Recreation_Department" title="North Dakota Parks and Recreation Department">North Dakota Parks and Recreation Department</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Midwestern_United_States76" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Midwestern_United_States" title="Template:Midwestern United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Midwestern_United_States" title="Template talk:Midwestern United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Midwestern_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Midwestern United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Midwestern_United_States76" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States#Culture" title="Midwestern United States">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States#Physical_geography" title="Midwestern United States">Geography</a></li> <li>Economy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States#Political_trends" title="Midwestern United States">Government and politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States#History" title="Midwestern United States">History</a></li> <li>Sports</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">Subregions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Midwest" title="Upper Midwest">Northern Midwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_North_Central_states" title="East North Central states">East North Central states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_North_Central_states" title="West North Central states">West North Central states</a></li> <li><a href="#Cultural_overlap">Southern Midwest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">Major cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">St. Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">Dayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan" title="Grand Rapids, Michigan">Grand Rapids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana" title="Fort Wayne, Indiana">Fort Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Bay,_Wisconsin" title="Green Bay, Wisconsin">Green Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas" title="Wichita, Kansas">Wichita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux_Falls,_South_Dakota" title="Sioux Falls, South Dakota">Sioux Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_City,_South_Dakota" title="Rapid City, South Dakota">Rapid City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fargo,_North_Dakota" title="Fargo, North Dakota">Fargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Minnesota" title="Rochester, Minnesota">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">State capitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lansing,_Michigan" title="Lansing, Michigan">Lansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_City,_Missouri" title="Jefferson City, Missouri">Jefferson City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">St. Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismarck,_North_Dakota" title="Bismarck, North Dakota">Bismarck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre,_South_Dakota" title="Pierre, South Dakota">Pierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Nebraska" title="Lincoln, Nebraska">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topeka,_Kansas" title="Topeka, Kansas">Topeka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_France265" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_France" title="Template:New France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_France" title="Template talk:New France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_France265" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="French colonization of the Americas">French colonization of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French colonial empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_France_history" title="Timeline of New France history">Timeline of New France history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Quebec_history_(beginnings%E2%80%931533)" title="Timeline of Quebec history (beginnings–1533)">Beginnings–1533</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_France_history_(1534%E2%80%931607)" title="Timeline of New France history (1534–1607)">1534–1607</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Quebec_history_(1608%E2%80%931662)" title="Timeline of Quebec history (1608–1662)">1608–1662</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Quebec_history_(1663%E2%80%931759)" title="Timeline of Quebec history (1663–1759)">1663–1759</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)" title="Treaty of Paris (1763)">1763 Treaty of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Quebec" title="History of Quebec">History of Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Acadians" title="History of the Acadians">History of the Acadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Franco-Americans" title="History of the Franco-Americans">History of the French-Americans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadia" title="Acadia">Acadia</a> (1604–1713)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_(New_France)" title="Canada (New France)">Canada</a> (1608–1763)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terre-Neuve_(New_France)" title="Terre-Neuve (New France)">Terre-Neuve</a> (1662–1713)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_France)" title="Louisiana (New France)">Louisiana</a> (1682–1763, 1801–1803)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Island" title="Cape Breton Island">Île Royale</a> (1713–1763)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Country" title="Illinois Country">Illinois Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_Country" title="Ohio Country">Ohio Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pays_d%27en_Haut" title="Pays d'en Haut">Pays d'en Haut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domaine_du_roy" title="Domaine du roy">Domaine du roy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_villages_in_New_France" title="List of towns and villages in New France">Towns and<br /> villages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Acadie <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Port-Royal_(Acadia)" title="Port-Royal (Acadia)">Port Royal</a></li></ul></li> <li>Canada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Quebec_City" title="History of Quebec City">Quebec City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res" title="Trois-Rivières">Trois-Rivières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Montreal" title="History of Montreal">Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Detroit" title="History of Detroit">Détroit</a></li></ul></li> <li>Île Royale <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fortress_of_Louisbourg" title="Fortress of Louisbourg">Louisbourg</a></li></ul></li> <li>Louisiane <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mobile,_Alabama" title="History of Mobile, Alabama">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biloxi,_Mississippi" title="Biloxi, Mississippi">Biloxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Orleans" title="History of New Orleans">New Orleans</a></li></ul></li> <li>Terre-Neuve <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Placentia,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Placentia, Newfoundland and Labrador">Plaisance</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_forts_in_North_America" title="List of French forts in North America">List of French forts in North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Rouill%C3%A9" title="Fort Rouillé">Fort Rouillé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Michilimackinac" title="Fort Michilimackinac">Fort Michilimackinac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_de_Buade" title="Fort de Buade">Fort de Buade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_de_Chartres" title="Fort de Chartres">Fort de Chartres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Detroit" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Detroit">Fort Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ticonderoga" title="Fort Ticonderoga">Fort Carillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Conde" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Conde">Fort Condé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Duquesne" title="Fort Duquesne">Fort Duquesne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortress_of_Louisbourg" title="Fortress of Louisbourg">Fortress of Louisbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Hill,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Castle Hill, Newfoundland and Labrador">Castle Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starved_Rock_State_Park" title="Starved Rock State Park">Fort St. Louis (Illinois)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_colonization_of_Texas" title="French colonization of Texas">Fort St. Louis (Texas)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Canada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_New_France" title="Governor General of New France">Governor General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intendant_of_New_France" title="Intendant of New France">Intendant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Council_of_New_France" title="Sovereign Council of New France">Sovereign Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Quebec" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec">Bishop of Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res" title="List of governors of Trois-Rivières">Governor of Trois-Rivières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Montreal" title="Governor of Montreal">Governor of Montreal</a></li></ul></li> <li>Acadie <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Acadia" title="List of governors of Acadia">Governor</a></li></ul></li> <li>Terre-Neuve <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador#Governors_of_Plaisance,_1655–1713" title="List of governors of Newfoundland and Labrador">Governor</a></li></ul></li> <li>Louisiane <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Louisiana" title="List of colonial governors of Louisiana">Governor</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Laws</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Custom_of_Paris_in_New_France" title="Custom of Paris in New France">Custom of Paris in New France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seigneurial_system_of_New_France" title="Seigneurial system of New France">Seigneurial system of New France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_justice_in_New_France" title="Criminal justice in New France">Criminal justice in New France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intendant" title="Intendant">Intendancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Council_of_New_France" title="Sovereign Council of New France">Superior Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_court" title="Admiralty court">Admiralty court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provost_(civil)" title="Provost (civil)">Provostship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_court" title="Ecclesiastical court">Officiality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailiff" title="Bailiff">Bailiff</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%A9chauss%C3%A9e" title="Maréchaussée">Maréchaussée</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_Noir" title="Code Noir">Code Noir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemin_du_Roy" title="Chemin du Roy">Chemin du Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_fur_trade" title="North American fur trade">Fur trade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coureur_des_bois" title="Coureur des bois">Coureur des bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyageurs" title="Voyageurs">Voyageurs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_of_One_Hundred_Associates" title="Company of One Hundred Associates">Company of 100 Associates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Crozat" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoine Crozat">Crozat's Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Company" title="Mississippi Company">Mississippi Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compagnie_de_l%27Occident" title="Compagnie de l'Occident">Compagnie de l'Occident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Population_of_New_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Population of New France">Population</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1666_census_of_New_France" title="1666 census of New France">1666 census</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitants" title="Habitants">Habitants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Canadians" title="French Canadians">Canadiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Daughters" title="King's Daughters">King's Daughters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acadians" title="Acadians">Acadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casquette_girl" title="Casquette girl">Casquette girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis" title="Métis">Métis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Amerindians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_New_France" title="Slavery in New France">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pla%C3%A7age" title="Plaçage">Plaçage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_people_of_color" title="Free people of color">Gens de couleur libres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_New_France" title="Alcohol in New France">Alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_France_livre" title="New France livre">Currency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Card_money_in_New_France" title="Card money in New France">card money</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_France_Intellectual_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="New France Intellectual Life">Intellectual life</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Missionary groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesuit_missions_in_North_America" title="Jesuit missions in North America">Jesuit missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recollects" title="Recollects">Récollets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_Nuns" title="Grey Nuns">Grey Nuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursulines" title="Ursulines">Ursulines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Priests_of_Saint_Sulpice" title="Society of the Priests of Saint Sulpice">Sulpicians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_New_France" title="Military of New France">Military of New France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Acadians" title="Military history of the Acadians">Military history of the Acadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acadian_Civil_War" title="Acadian Civil War">Acadian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_Wars" title="French and Indian Wars">Intercolonial Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_William%27s_War" title="King William's War">King William's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne%27s_War" title="Queen Anne's War">Queen Anne's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_George%27s_War" title="King George's War">King George's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_Wars" title="Beaver Wars">French and Iroquois Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Acadians" title="Expulsion of the Acadians">Expulsion of the Acadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Peace_of_Montreal" title="Great Peace of Montreal">Great Peace of Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachine_massacre" title="Lachine massacre">Lachine Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schenectady_massacre" title="Schenectady massacre">Schenectady Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Deerfield" title="Raid on Deerfield">Deerfield Raid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:New_France" title="Category:New France">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_Spain_(1521–1821)410" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Spain" title="Template:New Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Spain" title="Template talk:New Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_Spain_(1521–1821)410" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a> (1521–1821)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">Conflicts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Aztec_Empire" title="Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire">Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Guatemala" title="Spanish conquest of Guatemala">Spanish conquest of Guatemala</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Spanish conquest of Yucatán">Spanish conquest of Yucatán</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1585%E2%80%931604)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)">Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1625%E2%80%931630)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1625–1630)">Anglo-Spanish War (1625–1630)</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Revolt">Dutch Revolt</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1654%E2%80%931660)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660)">Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660)</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_the_Caribbean" title="Piracy in the Caribbean">Piracy in the Caribbean</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne%27s_War" title="Queen Anne's War">Queen Anne's War</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Jenkins%27_Ear" title="War of Jenkins' Ear">War of Jenkins' Ear</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1762%E2%80%931763)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1762–1763)">Seven Years' War</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_and_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Spain and the American Revolutionary War">Spain and the American Revolutionary War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conflicts with indigenous<br />peoples during colonial rule</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mixt%C3%B3n_War" title="Mixtón War">Mixtón War</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui_Wars" title="Yaqui Wars">Yaqui Wars</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichimeca_War" title="Chichimeca War">Chichimeca War</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_revolts_against_Spain" title="Philippine revolts against Spain">Philippine revolts against Spain</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acaxee_Rebellion" title="Acaxee Rebellion">Acaxee Rebellion</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93Moro_conflict" title="Spanish–Moro conflict">Spanish–Moro conflict</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acoma_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Acoma Massacre">Acoma Massacre</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepehu%C3%A1n_Revolt" title="Tepehuán Revolt">Tepehuán Revolt</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzeltal_Rebellion_of_1712" title="Tzeltal Rebellion of 1712">Tzeltal Rebellion</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Revolt" title="Pueblo Revolt">Pueblo Revolt</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pima_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Pima Revolt">Pima Revolt</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_American_wars_of_independence" title="Spanish American wars of independence">Spanish American wars of independence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central<br />government<br />and<br /> administration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Spain" title="Habsburg Spain">Habsburg Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_of_Castile" title="Joanna of Castile">Joanna of Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Spain" title="Philip III of Spain">Philp III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain">Philip IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Spain" title="Charles II of Spain">Charles II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Spain" title="Enlightenment in Spain">Bourbon Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">Philip V</a> (<span style="font-size:85%;">also reigned after Louis I</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Spain" title="Louis I of Spain">Louis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VI_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand VI of Spain">Ferdinand VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Charles III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_Spain" title="Charles IV of Spain">Charles IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VII_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand VII of Spain">Ferdinand VII of Spain</a> (<span style="font-size:85%;">also reigned after <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Joseph Bonaparte">Joseph I</a></span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Viceroys of New Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_viceroys_of_New_Spain" title="List of viceroys of New Spain">List of viceroys of New Spain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia" title="Real Audiencia">Audiencias</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Audiencia_of_Guadalajara" title="Royal Audiencia of Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Guatemala" title="Captaincy General of Guatemala">Captaincy General of Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Manila" title="Real Audiencia of Manila">Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Mexico" title="Real Audiencia of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Real Audiencia of Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Captaincy General">Captancies General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Cuba" title="Captaincy General of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Guatemala" title="Captaincy General of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_the_Philippines" title="Captaincy General of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Captaincy General of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Captaincy General of Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Captaincy General of Yucatán">Yucatán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincias_Internas" title="Provincias Internas">Provincias Internas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indendancies_of_New_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Indendancies of New Spain">Intendancy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Cuba" title="Captaincy General of Cuba">Havana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_Spain)" title="Louisiana (New Spain)">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Mexico" title="State of Mexico">State of Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiapas" title="Chiapas">Chiapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comayagua" title="Comayagua">Comayagua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Nicaragua" title="León, Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camag%C3%BCey" title="Camagüey">Camagüey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Cuba" title="Santiago de Cuba">Santiago de Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanajuato" title="Guanajuato">Guanajuato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michoac%C3%A1n" title="Michoacán">Valladolid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalajara" title="Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacatecas" title="Zacatecas">Zacatecas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD" title="San Luis Potosí">San Luis Potosí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veracruz" title="Veracruz">Veracruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puebla" title="Puebla">Puebla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oaxaca" title="Oaxaca">Oaxaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durango" title="Durango">Durango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonora" title="Sonora">Sonora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Mérida, Yucatán">Mérida, Yucatán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Florida" title="Spanish Florida">La Florida</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viceroy" title="Viceroy">Viceroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate" title="Governorate">Gobernaciones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelantado" title="Adelantado">Adelantado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_general" title="Captain general">Captain general</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corregidor_(position)" title="Corregidor (position)">Corregidor (position)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabildo_(council)" title="Cabildo (council)">Cabildo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encomienda" title="Encomienda">Encomienda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tordesillas" title="Treaty of Tordesillas">Treaty of Tordesillas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Zaragoza" title="Treaty of Zaragoza">Treaty of Zaragoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">Peace of Westphalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Ryswick" title="Peace of Ryswick">Peace of Ryswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Utrecht" title="Peace of Utrecht">Peace of Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Breda" title="Congress of Breda">Congress of Breda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Fontainebleau_(1762)" title="Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762)">Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris (1783)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Treaty of Córdoba">Treaty of Córdoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93On%C3%ADs_Treaty" title="Adams–Onís Treaty">Adams–Onís Treaty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable<br />cities,<br />provinces,<br />and territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mexico_City" title="History of Mexico City">Mexico City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Veracruz_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Veracruz (city)">Veracruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xalapa" title="Xalapa">Xalapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puebla_(city)" title="Puebla (city)">Puebla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toluca" title="Toluca">Toluca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuernavaca" title="Cuernavaca">Cuernavaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oaxaca_City" title="Oaxaca City">Oaxaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morelia" title="Morelia">Morelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acapulco" title="Acapulco">Acapulco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campeche_(city)" title="Campeche (city)">Campeche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Mérida, Yucatán">Mérida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalajara" title="Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durango_(city)" title="Durango (city)">Durango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monterrey" title="Monterrey">Monterrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Guanajuato" title="León, Guanajuato">León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanajuato_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Guanajuato City">Guanajuato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacatecas_(city)" title="Zacatecas (city)">Zacatecas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachuca" title="Pachuca">Pachuca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quer%C3%A9taro_(city)" title="Querétaro (city)">Querétaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltillo" title="Saltillo">Saltillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD_(city)" title="San Luis Potosí (city)">San Luis Potosí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_de_Los_%C3%81ngeles" title="Pueblo de Los Ángeles">Los Ángeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerba_Buena,_California" title="Yerba Buena, California">Yerba Buena (San Francisco)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_San_Jose,_California#First_Spanish_pueblo_in_California" title="History of San Jose, California">San José</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidio_of_San_Diego" title="Presidio of San Diego">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Adaes" title="Los Adaes">Los Adaes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_San_Antonio" title="History of San Antonio">San Antonio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" title="Tucson, Arizona">Tucson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensacola,_Florida" title="Pensacola, Florida">Pensacola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida" title="St. Augustine, Florida">St. Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Havana" title="History of Havana">Havana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Santo_Domingo" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico" title="San Juan, Puerto Rico">San Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_Guatemala" title="Antigua Guatemala">Antigua Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebu" title="Cebu">Cebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Manila" title="History of Manila">Manila</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provinces and<br />territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_Spain)" title="Louisiana (New Spain)">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Florida" title="Spanish Florida">La Florida</a> (<a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Las_Californias" title="Province of Las Californias">Las Californias</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alta_California" title="Alta California">Alta California</a> (<a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baja_California_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Baja California Province">Baja California</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_de_Nuevo_M%C3%A9xico" title="Santa Fe de Nuevo México">Santa Fe de Nuevo México</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Texas" title="Spanish Texas">Tejas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Galicia" title="Nueva Galicia">Nueva Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Vizcaya" title="Nueva Vizcaya">Nueva Vizcaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Extremadura" title="Nueva Extremadura">Nueva Extremadura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="New Kingdom of León">New Kingdom of León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebu" title="Cebu">Cebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulacan" title="Bulacan">Bulacan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampanga" title="Pampanga">Pampanga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Formosa" title="Spanish Formosa">Spanish Formosa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Explorers,<br />adventurers and<br />conquistadors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-New Spain<br />explorers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan" title="Ferdinand Magellan">Ferdinand Magellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Sebasti%C3%A1n_Elcano" title="Juan Sebastián Elcano">Juan Sebastián Elcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasco_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_de_Balboa" title="Vasco Núñez de Balboa">Vasco Núñez de Balboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez_de_Cu%C3%A9llar" title="Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar">Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Explorers and<br /><a href="/wiki/Conquistador" title="Conquistador">conquistadors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Hernán Cortés">Hernán Cortés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Ponce_de_Le%C3%B3n" title="Juan Ponce de León">Juan Ponce de León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu%C3%B1o_de_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Nuño de Guzmán">Nuño de Guzmán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernal_D%C3%ADaz_del_Castillo" title="Bernal Díaz del Castillo">Bernal Díaz del Castillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Alvarado" title="Pedro de Alvarado">Pedro de Alvarado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1nfilo_de_Narv%C3%A1ez" title="Pánfilo de Narváez">Pánfilo de Narváez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hernando_de_Soto" title="Hernando de Soto">Hernando de Soto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_V%C3%A1zquez_de_Coronado" title="Francisco Vázquez de Coronado">Francisco Vázquez de Coronado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Cabrillo" title="Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo">Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_L%C3%B3pez_de_Legazpi" title="Miguel López de Legazpi">Miguel López de Legazpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngel_de_Villafa%C3%B1e" title="Ángel de Villafañe">Ángel de Villafañe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvar_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_Cabeza_de_Vaca" title="Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca">Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Men%C3%A9ndez_de_Avil%C3%A9s" title="Pedro Menéndez de Avilés">Pedro Menéndez de Avilés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_de_Carvajal_y_de_la_Cueva" title="Luis de Carvajal y de la Cueva">Luis de Carvajal y de la Cueva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_O%C3%B1ate" title="Juan de Oñate">Juan de Oñate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Jos%C3%A9_P%C3%A9rez_Hern%C3%A1ndez" title="Juan José Pérez Hernández">Juan José Pérez Hernández</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_de_Portol%C3%A1" title="Gaspar de Portolá">Gaspar de Portolá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Quimper" title="Manuel Quimper">Manuel Quimper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crist%C3%B3bal_de_O%C3%B1ate" title="Cristóbal de Oñate">Cristóbal de Oñate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_de_Urdaneta" title="Andrés de Urdaneta">Andrés de Urdaneta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruy_L%C3%B3pez_de_Villalobos" title="Ruy López de Villalobos">Ruy López de Villalobos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez_de_Cu%C3%A9llar" title="Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar">Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Hern%C3%A1ndez_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_(Yucat%C3%A1n_conquistador)" title="Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (Yucatán conquistador)">Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (Yucatán conquistador)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Hern%C3%A1ndez_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_(founder_of_Nicaragua)" title="Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (founder of Nicaragua)">Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (founder of Nicaragua)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Gonz%C3%A1lez_D%C3%A1vila" title="Gil González Dávila">Gil González Dávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Ulloa" title="Francisco de Ulloa">Francisco de Ulloa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Jos%C3%A9_P%C3%A9rez_Hern%C3%A1ndez" title="Juan José Pérez Hernández">Juan José Pérez Hernández</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionisio_Alcal%C3%A1_Galiano" title="Dionisio Alcalá Galiano">Dionisio Alcalá Galiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_de_Heceta" title="Bruno de Heceta">Bruno de Heceta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Francisco_de_la_Bodega_y_Quadra" title="Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra">Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonso_de_Le%C3%B3n" title="Alonso de León">Alonso de León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_de_Arteaga_y_Baz%C3%A1n" title="Ignacio de Arteaga y Bazán">Ignacio de Arteaga y Bazán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Bustamante_y_Guerra" class="mw-redirect" title="José de Bustamante y Guerra">José de Bustamante y Guerra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Narv%C3%A1ez" title="José María Narváez">José María Narváez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Sarmiento_de_Gamboa" title="Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa">Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gil_Y%27Barbo" title="Antonio Gil Y'Barbo">Antonio Gil Y'Barbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Humboldt" title="Alexander von Humboldt">Alexander von Humboldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gage_(priest)" title="Thomas Gage (priest)">Thomas Gage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a><br />in New Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_the_Americas" title="Spanish missions in the Americas">Spanish missions<br />in the Americas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_Arizona" title="Spanish missions in Arizona">Spanish missions in Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_Baja_California" title="Spanish missions in Baja California">Spanish missions in Baja California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_California" title="Spanish missions in California">Spanish missions in California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_the_Carolinas" title="Spanish missions in the Carolinas">Spanish missions in the Carolinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish missions in Florida">Spanish missions in Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_Georgia" title="Spanish missions in Georgia">Spanish missions in Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish missions in Louisiana">Spanish missions in Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_Mexico" title="Spanish missions in Mexico">Spanish missions in Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_New_Mexico" title="Spanish missions in New Mexico">Spanish missions in New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_the_Sonoran_Desert" title="Spanish missions in the Sonoran Desert">Spanish missions in the Sonoran Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_Texas" title="Spanish missions in Texas">Spanish missions in Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajac%C3%A1n_Mission" title="Ajacán Mission">Spanish missions in Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_Trinidad" title="Spanish missions in Trinidad">Spanish missions in Trinidad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Friars, fathers,<br />priests, and bishops</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Gante" title="Pedro de Gante">Pedro de Gante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ger%C3%B3nimo_de_Aguilar" title="Gerónimo de Aguilar">Gerónimo de Aguilar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toribio_de_Benavente_Motolinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Toribio de Benavente Motolinia">Toribio de Benavente Motolinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardino_de_Sahag%C3%BAn" title="Bernardino de Sahagún">Bernardino de Sahagún</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Zum%C3%A1rraga" title="Juan de Zumárraga">Juan de Zumárraga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonso_de_Mont%C3%BAfar" title="Alonso de Montúfar">Alonso de Montúfar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasco_de_Quiroga" title="Vasco de Quiroga">Vasco de Quiroga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_de_las_Casas" title="Bartolomé de las Casas">Bartolomé de las Casas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonso_de_Molina" title="Alonso de Molina">Alonso de Molina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Dur%C3%A1n" title="Diego Durán">Diego Durán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_de_Landa" title="Diego de Landa">Diego de Landa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ger%C3%B3nimo_de_Mendieta" title="Gerónimo de Mendieta">Gerónimo de Mendieta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fray_Juan_de_Torquemada" title="Fray Juan de Torquemada">Juan de Torquemada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Palafox_y_Mendoza" title="Juan de Palafox y Mendoza">Juan de Palafox y Mendoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_de_Sig%C3%BCenza_y_G%C3%B3ngora" title="Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora">Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eusebio_Kino" title="Eusebio Kino">Eusebio Kino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Javier_Clavijero" title="Francisco Javier Clavijero">Francisco Javier Clavijero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra" title="Junípero Serra">Junípero Serra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Pal%C3%B3u" title="Francisco Palóu">Francisco Palóu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferm%C3%ADn_de_Lasu%C3%A9n" title="Fermín de Lasuén">Fermín de Lasuén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esteban_T%C3%A1pis" title="Esteban Tápis">Esteban Tápis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Francisco_de_Paula_Se%C3%B1an" title="José Francisco de Paula Señan">José Francisco de Paula Señan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari%C3%A0_Paieres_i_Borr%C3%A0s" title="Marià Paieres i Borràs">Mariano Payeras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_Montero" title="Sebastián Montero">Sebastián Montero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcos_de_Niza" title="Marcos de Niza">Marcos de Niza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Ayeta" title="Francisco de Ayeta">Francisco de Ayeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Margil" title="Antonio Margil">Antonio Margil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Marroqu%C3%ADn" title="Francisco Marroquín">Francisco Marroquín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Abad_y_Queipo" title="Manuel Abad y Queipo">Manuel Abad y Queipo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Hidalgo_y_Costilla" title="Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla">Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Morelos" title="José María Morelos">José María Morelos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Guadalupe" title="Our Lady of Guadalupe">Our Lady of Guadalupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suppression_of_the_Society_of_Jesus" title="Suppression of the Society of Jesus">Suppression of the Jesuits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_mission_clash_of_cultures" title="California mission clash of cultures">California mission clash of cultures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_system" title="Cargo system">Cargo system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Reductions" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Reductions">Indian Reductions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society<br />and culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous<br />peoples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mesoamerican</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztecs" title="Aztecs">Aztecs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_peoples" title="Maya peoples">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huastec_people" title="Huastec people">Huastec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtec" title="Mixtec">Mixtec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarascan_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarascan state">P'urhépecha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totonac" title="Totonac">Totonac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipil_people" title="Pipil people">Pipil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kowoj" title="Kowoj">Kowoj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCiche%CA%BC_people" title="Kʼicheʼ people">Kʼicheʼ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaqchikel_people" title="Kaqchikel people">Kaqchikel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_peoples" title="Zapotec peoples">Zapotec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poqomam_people" title="Poqomam people">Poqomam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mam_people" title="Mam people">Mam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caribbean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arawak" title="Arawak">Arawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciboney" title="Ciboney">Ciboney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanahatabey" title="Guanahatabey">Guanahatabey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_California" title="Indigenous peoples of California">California</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Indians" title="Mission Indians">Mission Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahuilla" title="Cahuilla">Cahuilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chumash_people" title="Chumash people">Chumash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupe%C3%B1o" title="Cupeño">Cupeño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juane%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="Juaneño">Juaneño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumeyaay" title="Kumeyaay">Kumeyaay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luise%C3%B1o" title="Luiseño">Luiseño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miwok" title="Miwok">Miwok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohave_people" title="Mohave people">Mohave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohlone" title="Ohlone">Ohlone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serrano_people" title="Serrano people">Serrano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongva" title="Tongva">Tongva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oasisamerica" title="Oasisamerica">Oasisamerica (Southwest US)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akimel_O%27odham" title="Akimel O'odham">Akimel O'odham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache" title="Apache">Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi">Hopi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hualapai" title="Hualapai">Hualapai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo" title="Navajo">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puebloans" class="mw-redirect" title="Puebloans">Pueblo peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quechan" title="Quechan">Quechan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solano_people" title="Solano people">Solano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tohono_O%27odham" class="mw-redirect" title="Tohono O'odham">Tohono O'odham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuni_people" title="Zuni people">Zuni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aridoamerica" title="Aridoamerica">Aridoamerica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acaxee" title="Acaxee">Acaxee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichimeca" title="Chichimeca">Chichimeca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coahuiltecan" title="Coahuiltecan">Coahuiltecan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochim%C3%AD" title="Cochimí">Cochimí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocopah" title="Cocopah">Cocopah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiliwa_people" title="Kiliwa people">Kiliwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Junta_Indians" title="La Junta Indians">La Junta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opata_people" title="Opata people">Opata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepehu%C3%A1n" title="Tepehuán">Tepehuán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui" title="Yaqui">Yaqui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Plains" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Plains">Southern Plains</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caddo" title="Caddo">Caddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comanche" title="Comanche">Comanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipan_Apache" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipan Apache">Lipan Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plains_Apache" title="Plains Apache">Plains Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonkawa" title="Tonkawa">Tonkawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita_people" title="Wichita people">Wichita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Southeastern_Woodlands" title="Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands">Southeastern Woodlands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sites_and_peoples_visited_by_the_Hernando_de_Soto_Expedition" title="List of sites and peoples visited by the Hernando de Soto Expedition">Indigenous people during De Soto's travels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apalachee" title="Apalachee">Apalachee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calusa" title="Calusa">Calusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscogee" title="Muscogee">Muscogee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jororo" class="mw-redirect" title="Jororo">Jororo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensacola_people" title="Pensacola people">Pensacola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminole" title="Seminole">Seminole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timucua" title="Timucua">Timucua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yustaga" title="Yustaga">Yustaga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Filipinos" title="Filipinos">Filipinos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Negrito" title="Negrito">Negrito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igorot_people" title="Igorot people">Igorot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangyan" title="Mangyan">Mangyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoples_of_Palawan" title="Peoples of Palawan">Peoples of Palawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ati_people" title="Ati people">Ati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panay" title="Panay">Panay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumad" title="Lumad">Lumad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajau_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bajau people">Bajau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_people" title="Tagalog people">Tagalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebuano_people" title="Cebuano people">Cebuano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_indigenous_peoples" title="Taiwanese indigenous peoples">Taiwanese indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamorro_people" title="Chamorro people">Chamorro people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial architecture">Spanish Colonial style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_Colonial_architecture_by_country" title="Category:Spanish Colonial architecture by country">by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Baroque_architecture_in_the_Spanish_Empire" title="Category:Baroque architecture in the Spanish Empire">Colonial Baroque style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_colonial_fortifications" title="Category:Spanish colonial fortifications">Forts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_missions_in_the_Americas" title="Category:Spanish missions in the Americas">Missions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trade and economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonial_real" title="Spanish colonial real">Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbian_exchange" title="Columbian exchange">Columbian exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_galleon" title="Manila galleon">Manila galleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangular_trade" title="Triangular trade">Triangular trade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People and classes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casta" title="Casta">Casta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peninsulares" title="Peninsulares">Peninsulares</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criollo_people" title="Criollo people">Criollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">Mestizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castizo" title="Castizo">Castizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholo" title="Cholo">Coyotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulatto" title="Mulatto">Pardos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambo" title="Zambo">Zambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_people" title="Black people">Negros</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_de_Anza" title="Juan Bautista de Anza">Juan Bautista de Anza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Cabrillo" title="Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo">Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake" title="Francis Drake">Francis Drake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Hidalgo_y_Costilla" title="Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla">Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eusebio_Kino" title="Eusebio Kino">Eusebio Kino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Malinche" title="La Malinche">La Malinche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferm%C3%ADn_de_Lasu%C3%A9n" title="Fermín de Lasuén">Fermín de Lasuén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limahong" title="Limahong">Limahong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moctezuma_II" title="Moctezuma II">Moctezuma II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra" title="Junípero Serra">Junípero Serra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasekura_Tsunenaga" title="Hasekura Tsunenaga">Hasekura Tsunenaga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:New_Spain" title="Category:New Spain">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_divisions_of_the_United_States359" style="text-align:left;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_political_divisions" title="Template:United States political divisions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_political_divisions" title="Template talk:United States political divisions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_political_divisions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States political divisions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_divisions_of_the_United_States359" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Political divisions of the United States</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States" title="List of states and territories of the United States">List of states and territories</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">Federal district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">Outlying islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Island" title="Baker Island">Baker Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howland_Island" title="Howland Island">Howland Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Island" title="Jarvis Island">Jarvis Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston_Atoll" title="Johnston Atoll">Johnston Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingman_Reef" title="Kingman Reef">Kingman Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">Midway Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navassa_Island" title="Navassa Island">Navassa Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_Atoll" title="Palmyra Atoll">Palmyra Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_reservations_in_the_United_States" title="List of Indian reservations in the United States">List of Indian reservations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Concessions_and_leases_in_international_relations" title="Concessions and leases in international relations">International concessions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_Naval_Base" title="Guantanamo Bay Naval Base">Guantanamo Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pituffik_Space_Base" title="Pituffik Space Base">Pituffik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1574" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1574" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000404264724">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/180769387">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJgHcTFGTkFrWFCyP3Tyh3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4075498-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79068662">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Severní Dakota"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge134481&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000290237&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007564239605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/af4758fa-92d7-4f49-ac74-f58d3113c7c5">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/176143572">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045314">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=North_Dakota&params=47_N_100_W_dim:300000_region:US-ND_type:adm1st&title=State+of+North+Dakota"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°N</span> <span class="longitude">100°W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47°N 100°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47; -100</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">State of North Dakota</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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