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He was a paternal grandson of [[Joseph O'Donnell Sr.|José O'Donnell]] and Marie Anne d'Anethan. He was of distant [[Irish people|Irish]] paternal ancestry, the 11th generation descendant of [[Calvagh O'Donnell]], ''[[Rí]]'' of [[Tír Chonaill]],{{sfn|O'Hart|1892|pp=648, 649}}{{sfn|O'Cochlain|1990|pp=67–81}} a [[Gaelic Ireland|Gaelic]] territory in the west of [[Ulster]] in the north of [[Ireland]]. He had an uncle, Francisco, and an aunt, Beatriz, who married Manuel Pombo y Ante (1769–1829), and had issue.<ref>{{harvnb|''Geneall staff''}} cites: {{harvnb|Fraikin|1991|p=318}}</ref> ==Career== {{more citations needed|section|date=July 2022}} O'Donnell was a strong supporter of the liberal [[Christinos|Cristinos]] and the regency of [[Maria Christina of Bourbon-Two Sicilies]] during the 1830s.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=8}} When General [[Baldomero Espartero, Prince of Vergara|Baldomero Espartero]] seized power in 1840, O'Donnell went into exile with Maria Christina and was involved in an attempted coup against Espartero in 1841. O'Donnell was soon back in power and was sent to Cuba as Captain General in October 1843.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=8}} O'Donnell was responsible for the 1844 massacre known as the repression of "La Escalera". Thousands of slaves and free-coloured people in Cuba were confined in dungeons, tortured and executed in what became known as the [[Year of the Lash]]. In 1854, he made a ''[[pronunciamiento]]'' against the government and was named [[List of Spanish Prime Ministers|Prime Minister]] for a time. He served as War Minister of the Espartero government.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=9}} [[File:Mausoleo de Leopoldo O'Donnell (Madrid) 04.jpg|thumb|Mausoleum of General The 1st Duke of Tetuán (Madrid)]] The [[Crimean War]] caused an increase in grain prices due to the blockade of Russia, causing a famine in [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]] during 1854. Riots against [[power loom]]s spread through Spain, and General O'Donnell intervened, marching on [[Madrid]]. Espartero relinquished power in O'Donnell's favour on 14–15 July 1856, and Queen [[Isabella II of Spain|Isabella II]] asked him to form a government as the 44th [[Prime Minister of Spain]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=9}} For his new administration, O'Donnell formed the [[Unión Liberal]] Party, which was designed to combine [[Progressivism|Progressive]], Moderate, and [[Carlist]] factions. O'Donnell attempted to define moderate policies for Spain with this new party, advocating a ''[[laissez-faire]]'' approach and confiscating church land. He was dismissed after only a few months in power on 12 October, and two years of reaction {{clarify|date=July 2022}} followed.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}} In later governments, O'Donnell was more careful. His two later administrations worked laboriously to attract foreign investment to improve Spain's railroad infrastructure. He failed to achieve much economic growth, however, and increased industry only in [[Basque Country (greater region)|Basque country]] and [[Catalonia]], both of which already had substantial industrial centres. He was a proponent of a new and aggressive [[Spanish Empire|imperial policy]], intended principally to expand Spanish territory in Africa, particularly after French successes in [[Algeria]].{{citation needed|date=July 2022}} [[File: General O'Donnell, jefe del Gobierno (1865).jpg|thumb|left|Photograph of General The 1st Duke of Tetuán, {{circa|1865}}]] In the first administration, he served twice simultaneously as [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Spain)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] and Prime Minister. He was the 136th Minister of Foreign Affairs and the 48th Prime Minister of Spain between 30 June 1858 and 2 July 1858, and the 138th Minister of Foreign Affairs between 21 October 1860 and 18 January 1863, remaining again solely as Prime Minister until 26 February 1863. His second term as the 53rd Prime Minister started on 21 October 1860.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=8}}{{better source needed|date=June 2012}} He took a brief respite from his government in 1860 to command the Spanish army at the [[Battle of Tétouan]] and the [[Battle of Wad Ras]] during the [[Spanish-Moroccan War (1859)|Spanish-Moroccan War]], overseeing the capture of [[Tétouan]]. He was rewarded for his abilities in the campaign with the title [[Duke of Tetuán]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=9}} In 1866, he repressed a revolt commanded by General [[Juan Prim]], and was subsequently dismissed by the queen for the brutality of his regime on 11 July 1866. He was the 103rd [[Grand Cross]] of the [[Order of the Tower and Sword]]. ==Family== {{unreferenced section|date=July 2022}} The Duke of Tetuán was succeeded in his titles by his nephew, [[Carlos O'Donnell, 2nd Duke of Tetuan|Carlos O'Donnell y Álvarez de Abreu]] (1834 – 1903), 2nd Duke of Tetuán, 2nd Count of Lucena and 9th Marquess of Altamira, who was the son of his brother Carlos O'Donnell y Jorris and wife María del Mar Álvarez de Abreu y Rodríguez de Albuerne. The 2nd Duke of Tetuán married in Madrid on 1 June 1861 to María Josefa de Vargas y Díez de Bulnes ([[Madrid]], 25 July 1838 – 5 November 1905). ==References== {{reflist|2}} ==Sources== * {{cite EB1911|wstitle=O'Donnell, Henry Joseph|volume=20|pages=8-9}} * {{cite web|author=Geneall staff |url=http://www.geneall.net/H/per_page.php?id=646635 |title=Leopoldo O' Donnell y Jorris, 1. duque de Tetuá |publisher=Geneall|access-date=2 June 2012}} ** {{cite book|last=Fraikin |year=1991 |first=Jorge Valverde |title=Titulos Nobiliarios Andaluces |publisher=Andalucia |location=Granada|page=318}} * {{cite journal|last=O'Cochlain |first=Ubert |url=http://www.geocities.com/newporthistsoc/workhouse/nm1990.htm |title=The O'Donnells of Mayo |access-date=30 March 2009 |journal=North Mayo Historical Society Journal |year=1990 |volume=11 |number=4 |pages=67–81 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091022164247/http://geocities.com/newporthistsoc/workhouse/nm1990.htm|archive-date=22 October 2009}} * {{cite book|last=O'Hart |first=John |author-link=John O'Hart |year=1892 |title=Irish Pedigrees |publisher=J. Duffy and Company |location=Dublin |edition=5th |pages=[https://archive.org/details/irishpedigrees00unkngoog/page/n686 648], 9 |url=https://archive.org/details/irishpedigrees00unkngoog}} ==External links== * {{commons category-inline}} {{S-start}} {{s-off|}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Baldomero Espartero, Prince of Vergara|The Duke of la Victoria]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[List of Prime Ministers of Spain#Prime Ministers .28Presidents of the Council of Ministers.29|Prime Minister of Spain]]|years=14 July 1856{{spaced ndash}}12 October 1856}} {{S-aft|after=[[Ramón María Narváez, 1st Duke of Valencia|The Duke of Valencia]]}} |- {{s-bef|rows=2|before=[[Francisco Javier de Istúriz]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[List of Prime Ministers of Spain#Prime Ministers .28Presidents of the Council of Ministers.29|Prime Minister of Spain]]|years=30 June 1858{{spaced ndash}}2 March 1863}} {{S-aft|after=[[Manuel de Pando, 2nd Marquis of Miraflores|The Marquis of Miraflores]]}} |- {{S-ttl|title=[[List of Foreign Ministers of Spain#Kingdom of Spain (1705–1873)#Ministers of State (1834–1873)|Minister of State]]'''<br />''Acting'''''|years='''30 June 1858{{spaced ndash}}2 July 1858'''}} {{S-aft|after=[[Saturnino Calderón de la Barca y Collantes|Saturnino Calderón de la Barca]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Ramón María Narváez, 1st Duke of Valencia|The Duke of Valencia]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[List of Prime Ministers of Spain#Prime Ministers .28Presidents of the Council of Ministers.29|Prime Minister of Spain]]|years=21 June 1865{{spaced ndash}}10 July 1866}} {{S-aft|after=[[Ramón María Narváez, 1st Duke of Valencia|The Duke of Valencia]]}} {{s-reg|es}} |- {{s-new|creation|rows=2}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Count of Lucena]]|years=25 July 1847{{spaced ndash}}5 November 1867}} {{S-aft|rows=2|after=[[Carlos O'Donnell, 2nd Duke of Tetuan|Carlos O'Donnell]]}} |- {{s-ttl|title=[[Duke of Tetuan]]|years=20 April 1860{{spaced ndash}}5 November 1867}} {{s-end}} {{SpanishPrimeMinisters}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Odonnell, Leopoldo}} [[Category:1809 births]] [[Category:1867 deaths]] [[Category:Counts of Lucena]] [[Category:Dukes of Tetuan]] [[Category:Governors of Cuba]] [[Category:Grandees of Spain]] [[Category:Leaders of political parties in Spain]] [[Category:Liberal Union (Spain) politicians]] [[Category:Military personnel of the First Carlist War]] [[Category:O'Donnell dynasty|Leopoldo]] [[Category:People from Santa Cruz de Tenerife]] [[Category:People of the Chincha Islands War]] [[Category:People of the Dominican Restoration War]] [[Category:Prime ministers of Spain]] [[Category:Spanish captain generals]] [[Category:Spanish people of Irish descent]] [[Category:Viscounts of Spain]] [[Category:Spanish military personnel of the Hispano-Moroccan War (1859–60)]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p><span id="templatesused">Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page<span class="posteditwindowhelplinks"> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" 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