CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9136d63a79d95cd6',cH: 'erSLbtnUOwCo8DcB9.3cTaLL.tf1_y7Nw5hGhZE8WA4-1739806417-1.2.1.1-cJyqxxCGs_EdD8JnjbS3wzQHiN79qQAwQaxahjsxng44_0hKKshQ0YuCKNmPFVqw',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Richard%20Colwell&__cf_chl_tk=ExBIFWVLWaEKyvA92wV0IvBHHyFKSK_5O4av.G0zzek-1739806417-1.0.1.1-jNiVVHe673dFfbRHcDHQo_6m_Y5MGgUl31P2qIe7JMQ",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739806417',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Richard%20Colwell&__cf_chl_f_tk=ExBIFWVLWaEKyvA92wV0IvBHHyFKSK_5O4av.G0zzek-1739806417-1.0.1.1-jNiVVHe673dFfbRHcDHQo_6m_Y5MGgUl31P2qIe7JMQ",md: "rW.wXL9SPA88rMwDgruQH21qbe1awONTY3QHtadHoUU-1739806417-1.2.1.1-GeVeYw9ApF7MtSRlcG2l7JXuvKpP8m7PGYDZoa1en9VRFIN4EhU49jgBG7tGEr_EY8eL2gANu7b9ghTzTrBqM9pYupcqW6nAWw68oxVtecp15Ac2RgrmJEflhXpUihxYAQCaro2ZlNN8OStsa_.mGUJJgb8Eq061d_2Jj_dP8IUL4jw4IgutVzd2pNBwQ0C589NnjYtBeDZu4ptflAJA.Ejh85YccKl7KLfiFk0m8wLMyTsu3DD8P3SnC5_FhIjXKzTuWUbIPBuIUb4zaflQn1iPuyF1qG5EcunWgC_N7jbQAPtRVWGr9ByyEq2adjX50WQVvIJ33cK0Mip95EjWDS5wCGV7iEui_mAXlXJZWKttrYStdTXt3dK6_lpSQ6MshqEfFMvZXxlW46Wqrx3UkWqc_wjB4jsEqKW1eSVvxaP7E.0ehp2QXXKHSX.C5Pj9fTyfPMEn48F5z2Ht5LuRTwos5iTdc9hXODThxUPStFxTky7S5ArTTOSNDVaVazA75Hqx23Lvcy1hMQe9eDlR5_tIn30GfzdT6KqykqeQ8cvLxvdbWYBnvOt8FYEYSALfElpzM_NmTg12vf497Rb4bLFu8FWw63ZyXWxIhM9b9EPYVgn2NA1ywo2ppR4.2Oi22PckLRDSqjsprB.CJCpsiV0hOHcM6zLw3zf49W6Cpr7DympDic1nSfsqqVSrl1sJtABSdIreYoEbAdHxMwBpjNlwXYlkf0AqwBkbrCXGaVjoKvrrfyuCsfIfAVEwaxBGNLFq2Z.D75kPuVYccaMuI2_7GGDNoumEitEKQiIVre0xUkX2nq_zRmn3xu8ZiK2A1BvPmrGwCnHhgmxCoL9e1t_bu_1zwKZOppvhST6kcFAHnOXo_B3VylixofnZ2sx7_X_KtvaHBfP2NulaXAqGTuGDKwkhq9w2wBWttmrrQOOs3b_FzPEdQvJ.5VIy3ny5ULBgZewP8yP9qZeE.C8vJRInpvGeCaMVxCXu5xpMxpRy5N9MrcZwEKWIsjOyF.kVTqMlBIEUzHGE4ZSOEPvBFzCsDwhWvy0HpKcEhyzPhh463eGZd7Iq5fyjtSoiOQuBBYzX74ofu0wK9VbGKlV7rQg8o2RklNkGA3BGEpCz86.gZ3KjIiobHbe.m.KrLGW.s4DnBDsB6g2.pcz17fe.gTeYa.MJngTC5RMztcIbhn_wQyVByu22tO4phtDGQ09a8ATBosPLieJV7ExZfjI.4I.pdXsLxvYdRkh1sKM8FGMtafQmpSvVkNbihzZLFNsAbX4K3AwWR7JxdCL.M8bGw4um_6hAQiKhkn7FzliT2oOLvMKl5SGEUeqBvj3aV0tPl0hIAmz3P9LFppIQsojn43w3k.IVD25SPQK0IYOymoyxVa6EvzlrzrUBjIPw4Ihw56CPgTMfP4yZmAelhIeEN9FCTlcGl2aI452YiuQpEPmdoe6IjzkrkOlZystxzkF4I3HwCAUOlEbtkHsIftvdA1OHEEsh7GV8A5twYSAj4LVs1N1Fu09m.Hl0vLDE1XXHVDfrOCHj6tKCCU0as2THHFEPJOMm6JdHFa4Dctr1KLSPeLx7u905hDY9wUERGQvAO8EAJoAdWJuZsWXHh9KW4rOvJkTMrds54YaF1pU6QDffYaZbgxaai14viKfmtbujP3Xdj36nE5yfVhFwwR5AbsUpVi87qzNDcPH8CT0BLE3S_R5gB83HeaYeVEa9W7aJaqYQy7Yw8XqSyxZuETPdEksfGpV035qEi8t3otet_8hz2YRIEhWLd.m2a9H4TC0dIF945BFw1G6uCmo01CU6SQggiaJVJXhNDAtvb4eGz1m_ITMyaUHfPukav4sam_z4098er13Nsfq.uY_..OCZlomtzeDloYqC8t9OJZahfxrkw8p_JziepEn5_aFLONvBdCDlJLNbQm.JAR72XgNbpkTUrw_ihMohbEz.aGXTgns",mdrd: "Xqhengv6oqIP9rV0bBsAePJYQ6OV.7Tug3FirSordys-1739806417-1.2.1.1-nxPvvjd_MTLNYe9wPg7zg5V8lZSuYClsSeDkFJwdgJJ86aUj1g.6R4PHL1vIGlUKkzi5QB.aK14KDyWkSYLvWOtcH2ZYiYZbNPGNDfruXSBZ0CulbbKJ7vDDkjXTsYO_gy3SwTiwu8_XaWKIsJ5XWz4HW27YrjS1oV8vxZXFjI_dgqD6EchJ.ofbhaKuhRw2UYsUXP8qk4Iwqa1.362GSYzEk8BD8MxZDMLJeTwzYyWqDbWBPeBzRKHWshP3vk_.GA.8zHslDYcoZET4_1.lauVFDPPsvfKes6b61y6K7ENfiLZgnAcqZbl3iF6qp0EZrT7TJemJZj7BXrNLJcJd5SydEBsspX71FKyqLwBxjenBQZ4yYxChZZ32EMqI22prjxNDqOWGm5TzG6Kkzs7CRDxvGI.GANO56pxvykNc1G7h_mpR.ftOmRdhiGd3oMiL5xylmteLcJ4x7ckAWeA2ShQX_WNquftx0yUevi.pikhoUXo8fJ2FuqcuI5B52h.qIJmHrjpyIXky6.LRq1yXQeLEiQOzhr6Lgzq.2i1kfYC.T.kw0a7BRVIRHKnpx78_d9wDpefXvLmm_GlF02qezgA9yFr4esWFoLnyB5_3s1UdbMUQZgFxIyVv.wGXfS8XAj8o5Xncigevs57lnXS1dr9bzLcoy32eo2SizXUCQPlI12Dj2Rx8JSI3AoiuIFIXCC3JBIuPGlju2Okt3TR2JgiXSb8QlTCSPCXpmCUzUb6lBj29q5JMAUpvN_vIfDUO.Kzq5B2elJxdGgxqc5xlL4H3Qt.HxQuKFX_TxNfpWfEmM7Vm1b0dFcw_nu7.7i_cCsveN9yXrrlheQwJhdhLlO2CVtlEi5JY6LmFeWvTZ8BKrkJFUafelAvF.Tiq68e9Nw7jsPRc2JGepfX14uY4XvMSs.NAFZq_uRLG38Zj1YZPhJ4pxKlAJk97.9QROwFtisQXenNQhfQA6K2AYXm32n__aVVNsHG9eu18B0P5x3EzSi_vuGiSOQdyuYHBvcOECr5EgNEM60pKK6elB39.LY2e8m.nDvzSE.Tmfwkb_yDXCiUok01gheWDwUEMdPiS2SwXYP3vQDNTsKDGwuWXP0mJBb4DuAPxE58gRiveE5_w7XaZvdrM22VKYYL0KANbuUzFlVqd_Gj2Q462tQKy0wOYI7DO2CQNutKrVxja0isv6sBPoW3g9xV3miTTp6VJvBImf76mVJHsuLBtLReh9BXvRw8YD7oSmw7h.XIgWfV0EZldufWaRY72g_oNX5qZGFu2OlWx4JDGj3taBIouVlFrWj3395suiqsckH16SjZMS1c7BhzupsnaYOxLHTXU6svX.2yWwDFwsnk9RW37XLIt7uzfBm1tSb6o0_l2lRTjbPUpjQdOedCdJ8qOtqSNuzEDuyWvdAeMtkUKOeVZYfyyG_WqCU99ylwVxbJrVsI9FHsPfcJffWiPATvLIvJ7FfhAQ7HMM65aJwVKdrGOOMSoayaG5AdXfVJ8AgKrGnWTBbnon7yI28zoATopXzU8ocy_avEsPIYj3F8yePuYJx_yWmxJWwddIZaztzBgFd2fiYLiJEC9T8Z9oukcDf_og3EJzE9ZNnLRqdEnnu28HDUPpshUg5CxtiqGLS3iuubU_D1izPztuV4vbkmCRWgf0Og1ZrUvP1Qut_64oZ4QEvAGxDhR_VFwm1P_thoO92c60mxCJXRKR9e7buF5fofM9EG21pMALua29pLnfhIqK8pb8KVCxQ6jYM6g1.MjYqpOqtFEf6umFp1Gmp2R5TgD5WdpcaBPj9NyYCNmrezBgcga5xvLavuRNYlxjJXsnuBGTxSf7HOFjPbVkqyIvaIZ.72Lyqm6RGyEhphsvGYkHBUP0oNltP8EN8dwl_b1MEPZv6tzikgaIH_LUjIzvTlneLRZNA3uCL5ZC4.5_K98GRFdQ58ue9dmHQSf_60J_RVpUaEfwtYrHLN2H1GA4McVHpTRcn2ISZG0xY4AuAE2yA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9136d63a79d95cd6';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Richard%20Colwell&__cf_chl_rt_tk=ExBIFWVLWaEKyvA92wV0IvBHHyFKSK_5O4av.G0zzek-1739806417-1.0.1.1-jNiVVHe673dFfbRHcDHQo_6m_Y5MGgUl31P2qIe7JMQ" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>