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gradients</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: urbanization gradients"> <meta name="keywords" content="urbanization gradients"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="urbanization gradients"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 865</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: urbanization gradients</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">865</span> Explore the New Urbanization Patterns of the Varied Terrain Inland Areas: The Case of Hubei Province</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhan%20Chen">Zhan Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yaping%20Huang"> Yaping Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiao%20Shen"> Xiao Shen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yichun%20Li"> Yichun Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> New urbanization is a strategic fulcrum of China's future development, regional urbanization is a hot research field, different from the contiguous urbanization patterns of the eastern coastal plains and the node type urbanization patterns of the southwest mountainous areas, central inland areas has the realistic conditions of complex terrain conditions and kinds of phases, the dominant power of urbanization development, organizational power, coordination of the urbanization development and the natural environment, will be the core issue in the process of urbanization. This article starts from the characteristics of the typical urbanization development in such areas of Hubei Province, analyzing the current outstanding and typical problems in the process of urbanization in Hubei Province, and propose targeted to promote the basic ideas and implementation paths of the development of new urbanization, in order to provide experience and learn from similar cities of the development of urbanization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=varied%20terrain" title="varied terrain">varied terrain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inland%20area" title=" inland area"> inland area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=path%20explore" title=" path explore"> path explore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hubei%20Province" title=" Hubei Province"> Hubei Province</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15857/explore-the-new-urbanization-patterns-of-the-varied-terrain-inland-areas-the-case-of-hubei-province" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15857.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">864</span> Urbanization Level and Tempo (Speed) in Tigray Regional State, Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fikre%20Belay%20Tekulu">Fikre Belay Tekulu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and objective: The study attempts to determine the level and tempo or speed of urbanization in the Tigray regional state based on census data from 1994 to 2013 in Ethiopia. Methods: The study examined the level and tempo of urbanization based on the 1994 and 2007 censuses as well as the 2013 CSA projection data. Findings: The level of urbanization at the regional level was found in 1994, 2007, and 2020 at 14.9%, 21.7%, and 27.7 % respectively. Whereas the level of urbanization varies among the zones of the region, the higher level of urbanization was recorded in the Eastern zone, followed by the Western, Southern Zone and Central zone of Tigray. The tempo or speed of urbanization was determined to be 0.49 percent per year at the regional level, with the Eastern area of Tigray showing the greatest tempo or speed of urbanization. Conclusions: Unbalanced urbanization among the zones results in socio-economic challenges. The study recommended several policy interventions aimed at judicious urbanization suitable for sustainable development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title="urbanization">urbanization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=census" title=" census"> census</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tempo%20or%20speed" title=" tempo or speed"> tempo or speed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization%20level" title=" urbanization level"> urbanization level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tigray" title=" Tigray"> Tigray</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187150/urbanization-level-and-tempo-speed-in-tigray-regional-state-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187150.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">37</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">863</span> Urbanization in Delhi: A Multiparameter Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ishu%20Surender">Ishu Surender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Amez%20Khair"> M. Amez Khair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ishan%20Singh"> Ishan Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Urbanization is a multidimensional phenomenon. It is an indication of the long-term process for the shift of economics to industrial from rural. The significance of urbanization in modernization, socio-economic development, and poverty eradication is relevant in modern times. This paper aims to study the urbanization index model in the capital of India, Delhi using aspects such as demographic aspect, infrastructural development aspect, and economic development aspect. The urbanization index of all the nine districts of Delhi will be determined using multiple parameters such as population density and the availability of health and education facilities. The definition of the urban area varies from city to city and requires periodic classification which makes direct comparisons difficult. The urbanization index calculated in this paper can be employed to measure the urbanization of a district and compare the level of urbanization in different districts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiparameter" title="multiparameter">multiparameter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population%20density" title=" population density"> population density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20regression" title=" multiple regression"> multiple regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normalized%20urbanization%20index" title=" normalized urbanization index"> normalized urbanization index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150390/urbanization-in-delhi-a-multiparameter-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150390.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">862</span> Unveiling Vegetation Composition and Dynamics Along Urbanization Gradient in Ranchi, Eastern India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Purabi%20Saikia">Purabi Saikia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study was carried out across 84 vegetated grids (>10% vegetation cover) along an urbanization gradient, ranging from the urban core to peri-urban and natural vegetation in and around Ranchi, Eastern India, aiming to examine the phytosociological attributes by belt transect (167 transects each of 0.5 ha) method. Overall, plant species richness was highest in natural vegetation (242 spp.), followed by peri-urban (198 spp.) and urban (182 spp.). Similarly, H’, CD, E, Dmg, Dmn, and ENS showed significant differences in the tree layer (H’: 0.45-3.36; CD: 0.04-1.00; E: 0.25-0.96; Dmg: 0.18-7.15; Dmn: 0.03-4.24, and ENS: 1-29) in the entire urbanization gradient. Various α-diversity indices of the adult trees (H’: 3.98, Dmg: 14.32, Dmn: 2.38, ENS: 54) were comparatively better in urban vegetation compared to peri-urban (H’: 2.49, Dmg: 10.37, Dmn: 0.81, ENS: 12) and natural vegetation (H’: 2.89, Dmg: 13.46, Dmn: 0.85, ENS: 18). Tree communities have shown better response and adaptability in urban vegetation than shrubs and herbs. The prevalence of rare (41%), very rare (29%), and exotic species (39%) in urban vegetation may be due to the intentional introduction of a number of fast-growing exotic tree species in different social forestry plantations that have created a diverse and heterogeneous habitat. Despite contagious distribution, the majority of trees (36.14%) have shown no regeneration in the entire urbanization gradient. Additionally, a quite high percentage of IUCN red-listed plant species (51% and 178 spp.), including endangered (01 sp.), vulnerable (03 spp.), near threatened (04 spp.), least concern (163 spp.), and data deficient (07 spp.), warrant immediate policy interventions. Overall, the study witnessed subsequent transformations in floristic composition and structure from urban to natural vegetation in Eastern India. The outcomes are crucial for fostering resilient ecosystems, biodiversity conservation, and sustainable development in the region that supports diverse plant communities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=floristic%20communities" title="floristic communities">floristic communities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization%20gradients" title=" urbanization gradients"> urbanization gradients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exotic%20species" title=" exotic species"> exotic species</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regeneration" title=" regeneration"> regeneration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191906/unveiling-vegetation-composition-and-dynamics-along-urbanization-gradient-in-ranchi-eastern-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191906.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">22</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">861</span> Collective Efficacy and Rural Migration in Urban China—Social Determinants on Urbanization, Social Integration and Civic Engagement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziwei%20Qi">Ziwei Qi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper focuses on issues on Urbanization, Rural Migration and Neighborhood Collective Efficacy in urban China. The urbanization and migration trend and policies in China will be discussed and the various mechanisms through which social structures affect economic action and the consequent of social disequilibrium due to urbanization will be discussed. The positive and negative propositions on urbanization will also be highlighted. The primary methodologies applied in the paper will be the theoretical application and empirical implication on urbanization in developing countries. Western sociological theories, including theories in urban criminology /sociology including social disorganization, theories of social capital and collective efficacy will be applied and analyzed to test the market society in Chinese economic and cultural setting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collective%20efficacy" title="collective efficacy">collective efficacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=civic%20engagement" title=" civic engagement"> civic engagement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20migration" title=" rural migration"> rural migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title=" urbanization"> urbanization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36411/collective-efficacy-and-rural-migration-in-urban-china-social-determinants-on-urbanization-social-integration-and-civic-engagement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36411.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">860</span> The Relationship between Urbanization and the Rapid Development of Real Estate Industry in China: Taking Chongqing as an Example</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deng%20Tingting">Deng Tingting</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is a very close interaction between the rapid development of the real estate industry and regional urbanization. The real estate problem can be boiled down to the problem of urbanization, in essence. The growth of hundreds of millions of people in the future will determine the development of low-level demand in the real estate market. At the same time, the practical problems of urbanization also seriously restrict the healthy development of real estate itself. The latter two interact with each other by adjusting the industrial structure, economic aggregate, regional population flow, and many other linkage factors. Through the case analysis of Chongqing, this paper finds that the urbanization of Chongqing and the overall development level of the real estate industry are still in the stage of development and upgrading, and its development potential and future development and application space are still very large. Therefore, from the perspective of the regional economy, studying the interaction between the two is of great significance to accelerate the process of urbanization in Chongqing, promote the healthy development of the real estate industry, and promote the rapid growth of the regional economy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title="urbanization">urbanization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demographics" title=" demographics"> demographics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real%20estate" title=" real estate"> real estate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interrelationships" title=" interrelationships"> interrelationships</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158200/the-relationship-between-urbanization-and-the-rapid-development-of-real-estate-industry-in-china-taking-chongqing-as-an-example" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158200.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">859</span> Can Urbanisation Be the Cause for Increasing Urban Poverty: An Exploratory Analysis for India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarmistha%20Singh">Sarmistha Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An analysis of trend of urbanization and urban poverty in recent decades is showing that a distinctly reducing rural poverty and increasing in urban areas. It can be argued that the higher the urbanization fuelled by the urban migration to city, which is picking up people from less skilled, education so they faced obstacle to enter into the mainstream economy of city. The share of workforce in economy is higher; in contrast it remains as negligence. At the same time, less wages, absence of social security, social dialogue make them insecure. The vulnerability in their livelihood found. So the paper explores the relation of urbanization and urban poverty in the city, in other words how the urbanization process affecting the urban space in creating the number of poor people in the city. The central focus is the mobility of people with less education and skilled with motive of job search and better livelihood. In many studies found the higher the urbanization and higher the urban poverty in city. In other words, poverty is the impact of urbanization. The strategy of urban inequality through ‘dispersal of concentration’ by the World Bank and others, need to be examined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title="urbanization">urbanization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobility" title=" mobility"> mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20poverty" title=" urban poverty"> urban poverty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=informal%20settlements" title=" informal settlements"> informal settlements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=informal%20worker" title=" informal worker"> informal worker</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35982/can-urbanisation-be-the-cause-for-increasing-urban-poverty-an-exploratory-analysis-for-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35982.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">414</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">858</span> A Study on the Mechanism of the Regeneration of ‘Villages-in-City’ under Rapid Urbanization: Cases Study of Luojiazhuang </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mengying%20Du">Mengying Du</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiang%20Chen"> Xiang Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> ‘villages-in-city’ is the unique product of rapid urbanization in China which embodies the contradiction between historical context and urbanization. This article mainly analyzes the corresponding strategy to the common problems such as urban texture, historical context, community structure, and industry pattern during the regeneration of ‘villages-in-city’ of Luojiazhuang. Taking government investment, community demands, the trend of urban renewal and transformation models of the ‘villages-in-city’ into consideration, the author propose a mechanism to balance those factors, and to achieve mutual confirmation with the instance of Luojiazhuang. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20demands" title="community demands">community demands</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=historical%20context" title=" historical context"> historical context</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=villages-in-city" title="villages-in-city">villages-in-city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title=" urbanization"> urbanization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71265/a-study-on-the-mechanism-of-the-regeneration-of-villages-in-city-under-rapid-urbanization-cases-study-of-luojiazhuang" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71265.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">857</span> The Evolution of Spatio-Temporal Patterns of New-Type Urbanization in the Central Plains Economic Region in China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sun%20fang">Sun fang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhang%20Wenxin"> Zhang Wenxin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper establishes an evaluation index system for spatio-temporal patterns of urbanization, with the county as research unit. We use the Entropy Weight method, coefficient variance, the Theil index and ESDA-GIS to analyze spatial patterns and evolutionary characteristics of New-Type Urbanization in the Central Plains Economic Region (CPER) between 2000 and 2011. Results show that economic benefit, non-agricultural employment level and level of market development are the most important factors influencing the level of New-Type Urbanization in the CPER; overall regional differences in New-Type Urbanization have declined while spatial correlations have increased from 2000 to 2011. The overall spatial pattern has changed little, however; differences between the western and eastern areas of the CPER are clear, and the pattern of a strong west and weak east did not change significantly over the study period. Areas with high levels of New-Type Urbanization were mostly distributed along the Beijing-Guangzhou and LongHai Railways on both sides, a new influx of urbanization was tightly clustered around ZhengZhou in the Central Henan Urban Agglomeration, but this trend was found to be weakening slightly. The level of New-Type Urbanization in municipal districts was found to be much higher than it was in the county generally. Provincial borders experienced a lower rate of growth and a lower level of New-Type Urbanization than did any other areas, consistently forming clusters of cold spots and sub-cold spots. The analysis confirms that historical development, location, and diffusion effects of urban agglomeration are the main drivers of changes in New-Type Urbanization patterns in CPER. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new-type%20urbanization" title="new-type urbanization">new-type urbanization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20pattern" title=" spatial pattern"> spatial pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=central%20plains%20economic%20region" title=" central plains economic region"> central plains economic region</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20evolution" title=" spatial evolution"> spatial evolution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63730/the-evolution-of-spatio-temporal-patterns-of-new-type-urbanization-in-the-central-plains-economic-region-in-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63730.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">856</span> Achieving 13th Sustainable Development Goal: Urbanization and ICT Empowerment in Pursuit of Carbon Neutrality - Beyond Linear Thinking</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salim%20Khan">Salim Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The attainment of the carbon neutrality objective and Sustainable Development Goal 13 (SDG-13) target, which pertains to climate actions, received widespread attention in developing and emerging nations. Given the increasing pace of urbanization, technological advancements, and rapid growth, it is imperative to examine the linear and nonlinear effects of urbanization and economic growth and the linear impact of information and communication technology (ICT) on carbon emissions (CO2e). This study employs the Dynamic System GMM (DSGMM) and Panel Quantile Regression (PQR) methodologies to investigate the causal relationship between urbanization, ICT, economic growth, and their interplay on CO2e in 39 BRI countries from 2001 to 2020. The study's findings indicate that the impact of urbanization on CO2e exhibits linear and nonlinear patterns. The specific nonlinear impact of urbanization leads to a decrease in CO2e, hence facilitating the achievement of carbon neutrality and contributing to SDG-13. The study highlights the importance of ICT in achieving SDG-13 by reducing CO2e, emphasizing the need for informatization. Simultaneously, the findings support the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis and support the pollution haven theory. Finally, based on empirical findings, significant policy implications are suggested for achieving SGD 13 and carbon neutrality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title="urbanization">urbanization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICT" title=" ICT"> ICT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2%20emission" title=" CO2 emission"> CO2 emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EKC" title=" EKC"> EKC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution%20haven" title=" pollution haven"> pollution haven</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BRI" title=" BRI"> BRI</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188487/achieving-13th-sustainable-development-goal-urbanization-and-ict-empowerment-in-pursuit-of-carbon-neutrality-beyond-linear-thinking" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188487.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">25</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">855</span> Gentrification and Its Impact on Urbanization in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swapnil%20Vidhate">Swapnil Vidhate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anupama%20Sharma"> Anupama Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> At present the world is experiencing an extraordinary rate of urbanization. India is also in a major phase of urbanization. Gentrification is being practiced in India much later compared to western countries as a strategy for urban renewal. The urban fabric in Indian context is composed of multiple layers in it. Thus, the process of gentrification has different typologies, views and impacts in Indian context. It is a curative concept to restructure the declined areas of the city. But it has more negative views compared to positive due to the concerns in the process in India. The paper brings out the impacts of gentrification and concerns related with the process in Indian context with a case example of core city. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title="urbanization">urbanization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20renewal" title=" urban renewal"> urban renewal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gentrification" title=" gentrification"> gentrification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=restructure" title=" restructure"> restructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=core%20city" title=" core city"> core city</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62605/gentrification-and-its-impact-on-urbanization-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62605.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">752</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">854</span> The Nexus between Renewable Energy, Urbanization, Industrialization and Economic Growth in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zubda%20Zia">Zubda Zia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Masood"> Zainab Masood</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study has investigated the relationship between renewable energy, urbanization, industrialization, and economic growth in Pakistan, through the years 1990-2016. All the three explanatory variables play a pivotal role in their contribution to growth in any economy, especially a developing one such as Pakistan. Auto-regressive distributive lag (ARDL) model has been used to determine the co-integration and relationship between the variables. The empirical results indicate that there exists a positive and significant relationship between all the three variables and economic growth and that there is a stable, long-run relationship among them. Policy suggestions that incorporate the results include having a larger share of renewable energy in the energy sector, using urbanization as a means to remove the big city trend and move towards, smaller sustainable cities, etc. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title="economic growth">economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20crisis" title=" energy crisis"> energy crisis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrialization" title=" industrialization"> industrialization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SGDs" title=" SGDs"> SGDs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title=" urbanization"> urbanization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101667/the-nexus-between-renewable-energy-urbanization-industrialization-and-economic-growth-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101667.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">191</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">853</span> Non–Geometric Sensitivities Using the Adjoint Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcelo%20Hayashi">Marcelo Hayashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jo%C3%A3o%20Lima"> João Lima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bruno%20Chieregatti"> Bruno Chieregatti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ernani%20Volpe"> Ernani Volpe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The adjoint method has been used as a successful tool to obtain sensitivity gradients in aerodynamic design and optimisation for many years. This work presents an alternative approach to the continuous adjoint formulation that enables one to compute gradients of a given measure of merit with respect to control parameters other than those pertaining to geometry. The procedure is then applied to the steady 2–D compressible Euler and incompressible Navier–Stokes flow equations. Finally, the results are compared with sensitivities obtained by finite differences and theoretical values for validation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adjoint%20method" title="adjoint method">adjoint method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics" title=" aerodynamics"> aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensitivity%20theory" title=" sensitivity theory"> sensitivity theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-geometric%20sensitivities" title=" non-geometric sensitivities"> non-geometric sensitivities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42509/non-geometric-sensitivities-using-the-adjoint-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42509.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">547</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">852</span> The Status Quo, Consensus and Debates on Urbanization in Chinese Education: A General Overview of Research from the 1990s</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jingqian%20Xiao">Jingqian Xiao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The rapid wave of urbanization triggered by China’s economic growth over the past few decades has inevitably impacted the country’s educational landscape. Educational spaces in China shifted during the 1990s when, due to the government’s tax reforms, large numbers of rural schools were abolished or merged with urban schools, resulting in an “urbanization” of school content and values. While urbanized education is now the status quo, there is as yet no literature review, to our best knowledge, that comprehensively summarizes academic work on this phenomenon. Besides, most research on Chinese educational urbanization relies on basic policy deductions, and there is room for improvement in both the quality and quantity of empirical research on this topic. This paper, therefore, reviews relevant literature on educational urbanization in China from three interrelated factors that shape educational inequality between urban and rural China, namely the urbanization in educational space, school content, and educational values. Results find that the main discussion on Chinese educational urbanization often addresses how Chinese rural education can be improved by reforming the urbanization model to revitalize rural society. While the complete urbanization of Chinese education does not seem feasible, the rapidly changing nature of China’s development patterns and political landscape means the course of Chinese education may shift at any time. When the government does decide to fulfill its intentions to improve the countryside, many formerly dilapidated rural schools may be revived, but for the moment, both rural and urban education in China suffers from governmental neglect. In addition, the breakout of COVID-19, which led to a sudden spread of online education that reopened the gap between the educational conditions and the cultural capital of families in rural and urban areas, has also posed new challenges for China’s attempts to resolve conflicting interests between urban and rural schools and promote educational equality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinese%20education" title="Chinese education">Chinese education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20inequality" title=" educational inequality"> educational inequality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20and%20urban%20education" title=" rural and urban education"> rural and urban education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization%20in%20education" title=" urbanization in education"> urbanization in education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140115/the-status-quo-consensus-and-debates-on-urbanization-in-chinese-education-a-general-overview-of-research-from-the-1990s" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140115.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">851</span> Impact of Urbanization on the Performance of Higher Education Institutions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chandan%20Jha">Chandan Jha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20Sachan"> Amit Sachan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arnab%20Adhikari"> Arnab Adhikari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sayantan%20Kundu"> Sayantan Kundu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) of India and examine the impact of urbanization on the performance of HEIs. In this study, the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has been used, and the authors have collected the required data related to performance measures from the National Institutional Ranking Framework web portal. In this study, the authors have evaluated the performance of HEIs by using two different DEA models. In the first model, geographic locations of the institutes have been categorized into two categories, i.e., Urban Vs. Non-Urban. However, in the second model, these geographic locations have been classified into three categories, i.e., Urban, Semi-Urban, Non-Urban. The findings of this study provide several insights related to the degree of urbanization and the performance of HEIs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DEA" title="DEA">DEA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title=" higher education"> higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20evaluation" title=" performance evaluation"> performance evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title=" urbanization"> urbanization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120160/impact-of-urbanization-on-the-performance-of-higher-education-institutions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120160.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">215</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">850</span> Migration, Food Security, Rapid Urbanization and Population Rise in Nigeria: A Wake-Up Call to Policy-Makers </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20E.%20Obayelu">A. E. Obayelu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20O.%20Olubiyo"> S. O. Olubiyo </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Food is different from other commodities because everybody needs food for survival. This has led to a shift in focus to food security in the global policy arena. However, there is paucity of studies on the interactions between food security, migration, urbanization and population rise. This paper therefore look at the linkages between migration and food security in the context of rapid urbanization and population rise of Nigeria. The study obtained data and information from both secondary sources and primary method through the voice of some selected Nigerians through telephone interview. The findings revealed that, the primary factor for the rapid urbanization in Nigeria is migration; most foods are still produced by peasant farmers who are scattered all over the rural areas and not multinational companies who produce on large scale. The country is still characterized with inadequate infrastructural facilities and services to cater for growing population. There are no protective policies enforced by the Nigeria government. In most cases, the migrants are left entirely on mercy of what they can find to due for survival. The most common coping mechanisms by migrants from rural to urban areas are changing food intake in terms of quantity, quality, diversity and frequency and prioritizing children. Policies that address urban food security need to consider the complex relationship between rapid population rise and migration and appropriate transformations that will be able to manage urbanization. With increasing rate of urbanization, the focus of food security should no longer be that of rural only <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20commercialization" title="agricultural commercialization">agricultural commercialization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20transformation" title=" agricultural transformation"> agricultural transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20security" title=" food security"> food security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban" title=" urban"> urban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title=" urbanization"> urbanization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23583/migration-food-security-rapid-urbanization-and-population-rise-in-nigeria-a-wake-up-call-to-policy-makers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23583.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">429</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">849</span> Multi-Vehicle Detection Using Histogram of Oriented Gradients Features and Adaptive Sliding Window Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saumya%20Srivastava">Saumya Srivastava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rina%20Maiti"> Rina Maiti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to achieve a better performance of vehicle detection in a complex environment, we present an efficient approach for a multi-vehicle detection system using an adaptive sliding window technique. For a given frame, image segmentation is carried out to establish the region of interest. Gradient computation followed by thresholding, denoising, and morphological operations is performed to extract the binary search image. Near-region field and far-region field are defined to generate hypotheses using the adaptive sliding window technique on the resultant binary search image. For each vehicle candidate, features are extracted using a histogram of oriented gradients, and a pre-trained support vector machine is applied for hypothesis verification. Later, the Kalman filter is used for tracking the vanishing point. The experimental results show that the method is robust and effective on various roads and driving scenarios. The algorithm was tested on highways and urban roads in India. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gradient" title="gradient">gradient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicle%20detection" title=" vehicle detection"> vehicle detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histograms%20of%20oriented%20gradients" title=" histograms of oriented gradients"> histograms of oriented gradients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=support%20vector%20machine" title=" support vector machine"> support vector machine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156497/multi-vehicle-detection-using-histogram-of-oriented-gradients-features-and-adaptive-sliding-window-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156497.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">848</span> A Comprehensive Metamodel of an Urbanized Information System: Experimental Case</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leila%20Trabelsi">Leila Trabelsi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The urbanization of Information Systems (IS) is an effective approach to master the complexity of the organization. It strengthens the coherence of IS and aligns it with the business strategy. Moreover, this approach has significant advantages such as reducing Information Technologies (IT) costs, enhancing the IS position in a competitive environment and ensuring the scalability of the IS through the integration of technological innovations. Therefore, the urbanization is considered as a business strategic decision. Thus, its embedding becomes a necessity in order to improve the IS practice. However, there is a lack of experimental cases studying meta-modelling of Urbanized Information System (UIS). The aim of this paper addresses new urbanization content meta-model which permits modelling, testing and taking into consideration organizational aspects. This methodological framework is structured according to two main abstraction levels, a conceptual level and an operational level. For each of these levels, different models are proposed and presented. The proposed model for has been empirically tested on company. The findings of this paper present an experimental study of urbanization meta-model. The paper points out the significant relationships between dimensions and their evolution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title="urbanization">urbanization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20systems" title=" information systems"> information systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enterprise%20architecture" title=" enterprise architecture"> enterprise architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meta-model" title=" meta-model"> meta-model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6019/a-comprehensive-metamodel-of-an-urbanized-information-system-experimental-case" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6019.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">437</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">847</span> Impacts of Land Cover Changes over the Last Three Decades in Capital City of Pakistan Islamabad with the Perspective of Urbanization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Tayyab%20Sohail">Muhammad Tayyab Sohail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Jiangfeng"> Li Jiangfeng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aimed at characterizing land cover dynamics for about three decades in capital city of Pakistan Islamabad. The specific objectives were identifying and map the major land cover types in 1993, 2002 and 2014 and check the reduction of greenery and urbanization rate and its some environments aspects. The study showed that overall grasslands decreased in the prescribed period. The key hotspots of these changes were distributed in all directions of the study area, but at different times. Urbanization is increasing every year in this city but the policies for this number of people are not sufficient to meet their living standard requirements. Apart from it, there is also an impact of urbanization on environmental related problems. Underground water is going down and down, traffic related issue and other associated problems are part of this research. Therefore, policies that integrate restoration and conservation of natural ecosystems with enhancement of agricultural productivity are strongly recommended. This will ensure environmental sustainability and socio-economic well-being in the area. Future research needs to address the problems related to urbanization and need to clarify the problems and solve it on high priority. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land" title="land">land</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamabad" title=" Islamabad"> Islamabad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water" title=" water"> water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban" title=" urban"> urban</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60834/impacts-of-land-cover-changes-over-the-last-three-decades-in-capital-city-of-pakistan-islamabad-with-the-perspective-of-urbanization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60834.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">846</span> Transformation of Iopromide Due to Redox Gradients in Sediments of the Hyporheic Zone</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niranjan%20Mukherjee">Niranjan Mukherjee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Burga%20Braun"> Burga Braun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ulrich%20Szewzyk"> Ulrich Szewzyk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recalcitrant pharmaceuticals are increasingly found in urban water systems forced by demographic changes. The groundwater-surface water interface, or the hyporheic zone, is known for its impressive self-purification capacity of water bodies. Redox gradients present in this zone provide a wide range of electron acceptors and harbour diverse microbial communities. Biotic transformations of pharmaceuticals in this zone have been demonstrated, but not much information is available on the kind of communities bringing about these transformations. Therefore, bioreactors using sediment from the hyporheic zone of a river in Berlin were set up and fed with iopromide, a recalcitrant iodinated X-ray contrast medium. Iopromide, who’s many oxic and anoxic transformation products have been characterized, was shown to be transformed in such a bioreactor as it passes along the gradient. Many deiodinated transformation products of iopromide could be identified at the outlet of the reactor. In our experiments, it was seen that at the same depths of the column, the transformation of iopromide increased over time. This could be an indication of the microbial communities in the sediment adapting to iopromide. The hyporheic zone, with its varying redox conditions, mainly due to the upwelling and downwelling of surface and groundwater levels, could potentially provide microorganisms with conditions for the complete transformation of recalcitrant pharmaceuticals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iopromide" title="iopromide">iopromide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyporheic%20zone" title=" hyporheic zone"> hyporheic zone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recalcitrant%20pharmaceutical" title=" recalcitrant pharmaceutical"> recalcitrant pharmaceutical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=redox%20gradients" title=" redox gradients"> redox gradients</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114009/transformation-of-iopromide-due-to-redox-gradients-in-sediments-of-the-hyporheic-zone" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114009.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">845</span> Zoning and Planning Response to Low-Carbon Development Transition in the Chengdu-Chongqing City Clusters, China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanyu%20Wang">Hanyu Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guangdong%20Wang"> Guangdong Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> County-level areas serve as vital spatial units for advancing new urbanization and implementing the principles of low-carbon development, representing critical regions where conflicts between the two are pronounced. Using the 142 county-level units in the Chengdu-Chongqing city clusters as a case study, a coupled coordination model is employed to investigate the coupled coordination relationship and its spatiotemporal evolution between county-level new urbanization and low-carbon development levels. Results indicate that (1) from 2005 to 2020, the overall levels of new urbanization and low-carbon development in the Chengdu-Chongqing city clusters showed an upward trend but with significant regional disparities. The new urbanization level exhibited a spatial differentiation pattern of "high in the suburban areas, low in the distant suburbs, and some counties standing out." The temporal change in low-carbon development levels was not pronounced, yet spatial disparities were notable. (2) The overall coupling coordination degree between new urbanization and low-carbon development is transitioning from barely coordinated to moderately coordinated. The lag in new urbanization levels serves as a primary factor constraining the coordinated development of most counties. (3) Based on the temporal evolution of development states, all county units can be categorized into four types: coordinated demonstration areas, synergistic improvement areas, low-carbon transformation areas, and development lag areas. The research findings offer crucial reference points for spatial planning and the formulation of low-carbon development policies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=county%20units" title="county units">county units</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coupling%20coordination" title=" coupling coordination"> coupling coordination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low-carbon%20development" title=" low-carbon development"> low-carbon development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20urbanization" title=" new urbanization"> new urbanization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173793/zoning-and-planning-response-to-low-carbon-development-transition-in-the-chengdu-chongqing-city-clusters-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173793.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">844</span> Spatial Differentiation Patterns and Influencing Mechanism of Urban Greening in China: Based on Data of 289 Cities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fangzheng%20Li">Fangzheng Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiong%20Li"> Xiong Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Significant differences in urban greening have occurred in Chinese cities, which accompanied with China's rapid urbanization. However, few studies focused on the spatial differentiation of urban greening in China with large amounts of data. The spatial differentiation pattern, spatial correlation characteristics and the distribution shape of urban green space ratio, urban green coverage rate and public green area per capita were calculated and analyzed, using Global and Local Moran's I using data from 289 cities in 2014. We employed Spatial Lag Model and Spatial Error Model to assess the impacts of urbanization process on urban greening of China. Then we used Geographically Weighted Regression to estimate the spatial variations of the impacts. The results showed: 1. a significant spatial dependence and heterogeneity existed in urban greening values, and the differentiation patterns were featured by the administrative grade and the spatial agglomeration simultaneously; 2. it revealed that urbanization has a negative correlation with urban greening in Chinese cities. Among the indices, the the proportion of secondary industry, urbanization rate, population and the scale of urban land use has significant negative correlation with the urban greening of China. Automobile density and per capita Gross Domestic Product has no significant impact. The results of GWR modeling showed that the relationship between urbanization and urban greening was not constant in space. Further, the local parameter estimates suggested significant spatial variation in the impacts of various urbanization factors on urban greening. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China%E2%80%99s%20urbanization" title="China’s urbanization">China’s urbanization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geographically%20weighted%20regression" title=" geographically weighted regression"> geographically weighted regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20differentiation%20pattern" title=" spatial differentiation pattern"> spatial differentiation pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20greening" title=" urban greening"> urban greening</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67935/spatial-differentiation-patterns-and-influencing-mechanism-of-urban-greening-in-china-based-on-data-of-289-cities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67935.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">461</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">843</span> Sustainable Land Use Policy and Monitoring Urban Land Expansion in Kabul: A Case Study of Rapid Urbanization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osama%20Hidayat">Osama Hidayat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoshitaka%20Kajiat"> Yoshitaka Kajiat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Kabul is a city that is highly representative of Afghanistan’s rapid urbanization process. As the city rapidly expands, there are enormous challenges to the sustainable use of land resources. This paper evaluates land use change and urban spatial expansion, from 1950 to 2016, in Kabul the capital of Afghanistan, using satellite images, field observation, and socio-economic data. The discussion covers the reduction in rural-to-urban land conversion, the delineation of urban growth boundaries, arable land reclamation and the establishment of farmland protection areas, urban upgrading, and the investigation and prosecution of illegal construction. This paper considers the aspects of urbanization and land management systems in Afghanistan. Efficient frames are outlined in Kabul for the following elements: governmental self-restraint and policy modification. The paper concludes that Kabul’s sustainable land use practices can provide a reference for other cities in Afghanistan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20land%20expansion" title="urban land expansion">urban land expansion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title=" urbanization"> urbanization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20use%20policy" title=" land use policy"> land use policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105777/sustainable-land-use-policy-and-monitoring-urban-land-expansion-in-kabul-a-case-study-of-rapid-urbanization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105777.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">842</span> Urban Planning in Biskra, Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chala%20Elhassen">Chala Elhassen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> City planning and urban management seem more complex our days compared to past times. The interaction of many factors both endogenous and exogenous made more difficult the urban fact. The city has changed status with the demographic bulge. It passed the primary status meeting limited requirements to a multidisciplinary status marked by the diversity of needs. These increase with the increase in population and living standard. Our era is marked by urbanization, complex phenomenon that develops both in industrialized countries in those of the third world. Human concentrations increasingly have significant multiplier effects on the social and economic structure of a region or a country. On the whole, the issue of urban planning revolved around questions related firstly to the understanding of the phenomena of urbanization; and also in search of the most appropriate ways to ensure control, the efficiency and consistency of the urbanization process. Urban planning remains an ambiguous area that mixes scientific contributions, technical, artistic, administrative and legal in varying proportions. What is the founder of specificity is that it always presupposes the existence of a will to act, itself supported by a thorough knowledge of will. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title="urbanization">urbanization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20planning" title=" urban planning"> urban planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrialized%20countries" title=" industrialized countries"> industrialized countries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24713/urban-planning-in-biskra-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24713.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">476</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">841</span> Model Evaluation of Thermal Effects Created by Cell Membrane Electroporation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiahui%20Song">Jiahui Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of very high electric fields (~ 100kV/cm or higher) with pulse durations in the nanosecond range has been a recent development. The electric pulses have been used as tools to generate electroporation which has many biomedical applications. Most of the studies of electroporation have ignored possible thermal effects because of the small duration of the applied voltage pulses. However, it has been predicted membrane temperature gradients ranging from 0.2×109 to 109 K/m. This research focuses on thermal gradients that drives for electroporative enhancements, even though the actual temperature values might not have changed appreciably from their equilibrium levels. The dynamics of pore formation with the application of an externally applied electric field is studied on the basis of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using the GROMACS package. Different temperatures are assigned to various regions to simulate the appropriate temperature gradients. The GROMACS provides the force fields for the lipid membranes, which is taken to comprise of dipalmitoyl-phosphatidyl-choline (DPPC) molecules. The water model mimicks the aqueous environment surrounding the membrane. Velocities of water and membrane molecules are generated randomly at each simulation run according to a Maxwellian distribution. For statistical significance, a total of eight MD simulations are carried out with different starting molecular velocities for each simulation. MD simulation shows no pore is formed in a 10-ns snapshot for a DPPC membrane set at a uniform temperature of 295 K after a 0.4 V/nm electric field is applied. A nano-sized pore is clearly seen in a 10-ns snapshot on the same geometry but with the top and bottom membrane surfaces kept at temperatures of 300 and 295 K, respectively. For the same applied electric field, the formation of nanopores is clearly demonstrated, but only in the presence of a temperature gradient. MD simulation results show enhanced electroporative effects arising from thermal gradients. The study suggests the temperature gradient is a secondary driver, with the electric field being the primary cause for electroporation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanosecond" title="nanosecond">nanosecond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electroporation" title=" electroporation"> electroporation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20effects" title=" thermal effects"> thermal effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20dynamics" title=" molecular dynamics"> molecular dynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165041/model-evaluation-of-thermal-effects-created-by-cell-membrane-electroporation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165041.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">840</span> Discussion about Frequent Adjustment of Urban Master Planning in China: A Case Study of Changshou District, Chongqing City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sun%20Ailu">Sun Ailu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhao%20Wanmin"> Zhao Wanmin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since the reform and opening, the urbanization process of China has entered a rapid development period. In recent years, the authors participated in some projects of urban master planning in China and found a phenomenon that the rapid urbanization area of China is experiencing frequent adjustment process of urban master planning. This phenomenon is not the natural process of urbanization development. It may be caused by different government roles from different levels. Through the methods of investigation, data comparison and case study, this paper aims to explore the reason why the rapid urbanization area is experiencing frequent adjustment of master planning and give some solution strategies. Firstly, taking Changshou district of Chongqing city as an example, this paper wants to introduce the phenomenon about frequent adjustment process in China. And then, discuss distinct roles in the process between national government, provincial government and local government of China. At last, put forward preliminary solutions strategies for this area in China from the aspects of land use, intergovernmental cooperation and so on. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20master%20planning" title="urban master planning">urban master planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequent%20adjustment" title=" frequent adjustment"> frequent adjustment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization%20development" title=" urbanization development"> urbanization development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=problems%20and%20strategies" title=" problems and strategies"> problems and strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title=" China"> China</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55927/discussion-about-frequent-adjustment-of-urban-master-planning-in-china-a-case-study-of-changshou-district-chongqing-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55927.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">839</span> Spatial Growth of City and its Impact on Environment - A Case Study of Bhubaneswar City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachita%20Lal">Rachita Lal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Urban sprawl is a significant contributor to land use change in developing countries, where urbanization rates are high. The most important driver of environmental changes is also considered to be the shift in land use and land cover. Our local and regional land managers must carefully analyze urbanization and its effects on cities to make the best choices. This study uses satellite imagery to examine how urbanization affects the local ecosystem through geographic expansion. The following research focuses on the effects of city growth on the local environment, land use, and Land cover. The primary focus of this research is to study, To understand the role of urbanization on city expansion. To study the impact of spatial growth of urban areas on the Land cover. In this paper, the GIS tool will be used to analyze. For this purpose, four digital images are used for the years 2000, 2005, 2011, and 2019. The use of the approach in the Bhubaneswar Urban Core, one of the fastest developing and planned cities in India, has proved that it is highly beneficial and successful for monitoring urban sprawl. It offers a helpful tool for quantitative assessment, which is crucial for determining the spatial dynamics, variations, and changes of urban sprawl patterns in quickly increasing regions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LULC" title="LULC">LULC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title=" urbanization"> urbanization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment%20impact%20assessment" title=" environment impact assessment"> environment impact assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20growth" title=" spatial growth"> spatial growth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156125/spatial-growth-of-city-and-its-impact-on-environment-a-case-study-of-bhubaneswar-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156125.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">120</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">838</span> Data-Driven Analysis of Velocity Gradient Dynamics Using Neural Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nishant%20Parashar">Nishant Parashar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sawan%20S.%20Sinha"> Sawan S. Sinha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Balaji%20Srinivasan"> Balaji Srinivasan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We perform an investigation of the unclosed terms in the evolution equation of the velocity gradient tensor (VGT) in compressible decaying turbulent flow. Velocity gradients in a compressible turbulent flow field influence several important nonlinear turbulent processes like cascading and intermittency. In an attempt to understand the dynamics of the velocity gradients various researchers have tried to model the unclosed terms in the evolution equation of the VGT. The existing models proposed for these unclosed terms have limited applicability. This is mainly attributable to the complex structure of the higher order gradient terms appearing in the evolution equation of VGT. We investigate these higher order gradients using the data from direct numerical simulation (DNS) of compressible decaying isotropic turbulent flow. The gas kinetic method aided with weighted essentially non-oscillatory scheme (WENO) based flow- reconstruction is employed to generate DNS data. By applying neural-network to the DNS data, we map the structure of the unclosed higher order gradient terms in the evolution of the equation of the VGT with VGT itself. We validate our findings by performing alignment based study of the unclosed higher order gradient terms obtained using the neural network with the strain rate eigenvectors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressible%20turbulence" title="compressible turbulence">compressible turbulence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network" title=" neural network"> neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=velocity%20gradient%20tensor" title=" velocity gradient tensor"> velocity gradient tensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direct%20numerical%20simulation" title=" direct numerical simulation"> direct numerical simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101552/data-driven-analysis-of-velocity-gradient-dynamics-using-neural-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101552.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">837</span> FDI, Environmental Regulations and Innovation Performance of Chinese Enterprises</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yan%20Chen">Yan Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongbing%20Li"> Hongbing Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruirui%20Zhai"> Ruirui Zhai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Innovation driven and innovation in the process of new-type urbanization is a major strategic choice for the introduction of foreign capital and the process of economic development. This research investigates the effect of urbanization, FDI and environmental regulations on innovation performance of enterprises, based on Chinese Industrial Statistics Database of 2004 to 2007 and data at province-level. It is found that the FDI from U.S. and environmental regulations will hinder the creativity of Chinese industry through reducing the R&D of them. However, the FDI from U.S. enhances the ability of domestic enterprises to attain “compensation from innovation” following the environmental regulations. Meanwhile, we confirm that environmental regulation can contribute to the innovation spillover of FDI from U.S. Furthermore, the channel of effect is discussed. In addition, FDI from EU and Japan are further examined. Unlike the FDI from U.S., the FDI from EU and Japan both have the positive innovation spillover effect, but through the same channel referred above which exist in FDI. Further analysis based on "innovation-driven effect" of urbanization is developed, and it is found that urbanization has an innovation-driven effect on environmental regulation and FDI spillover. The regulation of FDI from the United States and the European Union outperforms the FDI from Japan at a restrained degree. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20regulations" title="environmental regulations">environmental regulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FDI" title=" FDI"> FDI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation-driven" title=" innovation-driven"> innovation-driven</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation%20performance" title=" innovation performance"> innovation performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42213/fdi-environmental-regulations-and-innovation-performance-of-chinese-enterprises" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42213.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">442</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">836</span> The Role of Physical Capital on the Accessibility of Livelihood of Indigenous People</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anjli%20Pathak">Anjli Pathak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harshit%20Sosan%20Lakra"> Harshit Sosan Lakra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Smriti%20Mishra"> Smriti Mishra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increasing urbanization affects the external environment in which people exist and imposes livelihood vulnerability to shocks and stresses. Although research on the linkages between urbanization and vulnerability has been increasing, only a few studies have examined the caste/ethnicity in livelihood vulnerability. In this study, we explore how physical capital influences vulnerability among indigenous people in the context of livelihood. The study identifies the dimensions and indicators of physical capital that influence the profile of household vulnerability in the livelihood-building process. The result identified five dimensions and 19 indicators of livelihood vulnerability. The study also visualizes the inter-relationship between physical capital and other livelihood capital in formulating the livelihood vulnerability framework. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title="urbanization">urbanization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=livelihood%20vulnerability" title=" livelihood vulnerability"> livelihood vulnerability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indigenous%20people" title=" indigenous people"> indigenous people</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20capital" title=" physical capital"> physical capital</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174030/the-role-of-physical-capital-on-the-accessibility-of-livelihood-of-indigenous-people" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174030.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization%20gradients&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization%20gradients&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization%20gradients&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization%20gradients&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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