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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-研究历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#研究历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>研究历史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-研究历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-测定方法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#测定方法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>测定方法</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-测定方法-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关测定方法子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-测定方法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-震中测定方法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#震中测定方法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>震中测定方法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-震中测定方法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-几何中心法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#几何中心法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>几何中心法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-几何中心法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-方位角法（单台测定法）" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#方位角法（单台测定法）"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>方位角法（单台测定法）</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-方位角法（单台测定法）-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-台网测定法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#台网测定法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>台网测定法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-台网测定法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-震源测定方法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#震源测定方法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>震源测定方法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-震源测定方法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-石川法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#石川法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>石川法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-石川法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-和达法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#和达法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>和达法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-和达法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-走时表法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#走时表法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>走时表法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-走时表法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-有限断层震源模型" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#有限断层震源模型"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.4</span> <span>有限断层震源模型</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-有限断层震源模型-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相关研究" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相关研究"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>相关研究</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-相关研究-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关相关研究子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-相关研究-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-地震分类" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地震分类"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>地震分类</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-地震分类-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-震相研究" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#震相研究"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>震相研究</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-震相研究-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>注释</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">震源</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。59种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">59种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A4%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84" title="بؤرة الزلزال – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بؤرة الزلزال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiposentr" title="Hiposentr – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hiposentr" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80" title="Гіпацэнтр – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гіпацэнтр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Хипоцентър – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хипоцентър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipokreizenn" title="Hipokreizenn – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hipokreizenn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipocentar" title="Hipocentar – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hipocentar" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipocentre" title="Hipocentre – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hipocentre" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypocentrum" title="Hypocentrum – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hypocentrum" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypocenter" title="Hypocenter – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hypocenter" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypozentrum" title="Hypozentrum – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hypozentrum" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D" title="Εστία σεισμού – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εστία σεισμού" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypocenter" title="Hypocenter – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hypocenter" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipocentro" title="Hipocentro – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hipocentro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipocentro" title="Hipocentro – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hipocentro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCpotsenter" title="Hüpotsenter – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hüpotsenter" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipozentro" title="Hipozentro – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hipozentro" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%87" title="کانون زمین‌لرزه – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کانون زمین‌لرزه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyposentri" title="Hyposentri – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hyposentri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypocentre" title="Hypocentre – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hypocentre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipocentro" title="Hipocentro – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hipocentro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="अवकेन्द्र – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अवकेन्द्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipocentar" title="Hipocentar – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hipocentar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iposant" title="Iposant – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Iposant" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipocentrum" title="Hipocentrum – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hipocentrum" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiposentrum" title="Hiposentrum – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hiposentrum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipocentro" title="Ipocentro – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ipocentro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90" title="震源 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="震源" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80" title="Гипоцентр – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гипоцентр" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%84%EC%9B%90" title="진원 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="진원" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypocentrum" title="Hypocentrum – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hypocentrum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хипоцентар – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хипоцентар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipopusat" title="Hipopusat – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hipopusat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7" title="بنه شنشگا – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بنه شنشگا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypozentrum" title="Hypozentrum – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Hypozentrum" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypocentrum" title="Hypocentrum – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hypocentrum" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyposenter" title="Hyposenter – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hyposenter" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyposentrum" title="Hyposentrum – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hyposentrum" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipocentre" title="Ipocentre – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ipocentre" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypocenter" title="Hypocenter – 奥罗莫语" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Hypocenter" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奥罗莫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipocentrum" title="Hipocentrum – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hipocentrum" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipocentro" title="Hipocentro – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hipocentro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipocentru" title="Hipocentru – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hipocentru" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80" title="Гипоцентр – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гипоцентр" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipocentar" title="Hipocentar – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hipocentar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypocenter" title="Hypocenter – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hypocenter" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohnisko_zemetrasenia" title="Ohnisko zemetrasenia – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ohnisko zemetrasenia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipocenter" title="Hipocenter – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hipocenter" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipoqendra" title="Hipoqendra – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hipoqendra" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хипоцентар – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хипоцентар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypocentrum" title="Hypocentrum – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hypocentrum" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7" title="ศูนย์เกิดแผ่นดินไหว – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ศูนย์เกิดแผ่นดินไหว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiposantr" title="Hiposantr – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hiposantr" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80" title="Гіпоцентр – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гіпоцентр" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%BE%D9%88_%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%B9%D8%B1" title="ہائپو سنٹر – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہائپو سنٹر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gipotsentr" title="Gipotsentr – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gipotsentr" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%A5n_ti%C3%AAu" title="Chấn tiêu – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chấn tiêu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90" title="震源 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="震源" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%ACn-go%C3%A2n" title="Chìn-goân – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chìn-goân" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90" title="震源 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="震源" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q107410#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> 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<div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width:auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="Category:地震">系列</a>条目</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding-top:0.2em;font-size:200%;font-weight:normal;background:#ccf;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="地震">地震</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddf;"> 孕震与监测</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%A6%E9%87%8F" title="地震度量">地震震级</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%A6" title="震度">地震烈度</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90%E6%B7%B1%E5%BA%A6" title="震源深度">震源深度</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B7%E5%B1%A4" title="斷層">斷層</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E6%96%AD%E5%B1%82" title="活断层">活断层</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%A6%E9%87%8F" title="地震度量">地震度量</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%84%80" title="地震儀">地震儀</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddf;"> 防震与减灾</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E9%A0%90%E6%B8%AC" title="地震預測">地震预报</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E9%A0%90%E8%AD%A6%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="地震預警系統">地震預警系統</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="地震工程">地震工程</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddf;"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%A6" title="地震学">地震学研究</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E5%A4%AE" title="震央">震央</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D" title="震中距">震中距</a></li><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">震源</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E6%B3%A2" title="地震波">地震波</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/P%E6%B3%A2" title="P波">P波</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/S%E6%B3%A2" title="S波">S波</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E6%B3%A2" title="面波">面波</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%97" title="地震序列">地震序列</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%8C%AF%E7%9B%AA" title="自由振盪">自由震盪</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%99%B0%E5%BD%B1%E5%8D%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="陰影區（页面不存在）">陰影區</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E9%9C%87" title="前震">前震</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%97" title="地震序列">余震</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A4%E9%9C%87" title="群震">群震</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="火山">火山</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%95%B8" title="海啸">海啸</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%B0%E5%A1%9E%E6%B9%96" title="堰塞湖">堰塞湖</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%99%BB%E5%A0%A1-%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%E7%89%B9%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="古登堡-里克特定律">古登堡-里克特定律</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地震类型" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Types of earthquake"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地震类型（页面不存在）">地震类型</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_earthquake" class="extiw" title="en:Types of earthquake"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Types of earthquake</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="WikiProject:地震">地震专题</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Portal:地球科學">地球科学主题</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2024%E5%B9%B4%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="2024年地震列表">本年地震</a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF" title="Template:地震模板"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF" title="Template talk:地震模板"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:地震模板"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>震源</b>（英語：<span lang="en">hypocenter</span><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>），宏观上是指地震能量大量释放之处，而微观上是指首先发生<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E6%B3%A2" title="地震波">地震波</a>的地方，通常指地下<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E5%B1%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="岩層">岩层</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AD%E8%A3%82" class="mw-redirect" title="断裂">断裂</a>错动的地区<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在测震领域中，常将震源看作是一个理想化的面源或点源<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。其对应的震源深度——即震源垂直向上到地表的距离——也是最重要的地震基本参数之一。<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%A6%E9%87%8F" title="地震度量">震级</a>相同的地震，震源越深，影响范围越大，地表破坏越小；震源越浅，影响范围越小，地表破坏越大<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。一般地，使用<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3_(%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D)" title="米 (单位)">米</a>（m）或<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E7%B1%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="千米">千米</a>（km）作为震源深度的单位，用<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">h</a>作为符号表示震源深度。浅源地震的深度误差约为深度值的10%左右。震源愈深，相对误差愈小<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="研究历史"><span id=".E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6.E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>研究历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：研究历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1910年，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>地震学家里德发表<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B9%E6%80%A7%E5%9B%9E%E8%B7%B3%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="弹性回跳理论">弹性回跳理论</a>，作出地震发震原因的假设，给出了地震和地球物质破坏的假说，提出了断层破裂和震源的概念<sup id="cite_ref-论文1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-论文1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。美国学者特纳则于1922年证明了某些地震的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90%E6%B7%B1%E5%BA%A6" title="震源深度">震源深度</a>可以大于通常地震的震源深度，提出了深源地震的概念<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1930年代<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8A%82%E7%BA%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="节线（页面不存在）">节线</a>的发展进一步推动了对震源的研究<sup id="cite_ref-书籍1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-书籍1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本地震学家<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E9%81%94%E6%B8%85%E5%A4%AB" title="和達清夫">和达清夫</a>利用十几年时间对<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B5%B7" title="日本海">日本海</a>海域的深源地震展开了调查，于1935年完成深源地震图像的制作，对日本海深源地震分布进行了归纳总结，证明了深源地震的存在<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。随后，和达清夫和<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E6%88%88%C2%B7%E7%8F%AD%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A7%E5%A4%AB" title="胡戈·班尼奧夫">胡戈·班尼奧夫</a>各自通过独立研究发现了<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E8%BE%BE%EF%BC%8D%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%A4%AB%E5%B8%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="和达－贝尼奥夫带">和达－贝尼奥夫带</a>，获知了触发深层地震的原因<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1938年，美国学者拜尔利发展了震源机制求解法，首次用P波初动求出了完整的地震断层面解<sup id="cite_ref-论文1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-论文1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>其后，对震源的研究进入了为期三十余年的瓶颈期<sup id="cite_ref-gqg1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gqg1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。发展缓慢的原因大致可归结为两方面：一是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球">地球</a>内部结构研究对国民经济和社会发展关系重大，<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="自然资源">自然资源</a>的勘探和地下<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8" title="核爆炸">核爆炸</a>的侦查困难较多；二是震源研究难度较大，它的研究主要依赖于反映地震的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="动力学">动力学</a>特性的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E6%B3%A2" title="地震波">地震波</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%BD%A2" title="波形">波形</a>，地震波波形受到震源过程、传播<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E8%B4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="介质">介质</a>以及仪器等各方面的影响<sup id="cite_ref-LWQ_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LWQ-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1950年，可控震源在美国首次出现，并于1957年投入实际应用<sup id="cite_ref-论文3_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-论文3-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1954年，苏联方面启动了对地下核爆炸引起地壳构造变动过程的研究<sup id="cite_ref-论文4_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-论文4-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1957年9月19日，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E5%8D%8E%E8%BE%BE%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C%E5%9C%BA" title="内华达试验场">内华达试验场</a>进行了第一次地下<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C" title="核试验">核试验</a><sup id="cite_ref-论文6_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-论文6-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。同年9月，在多伦多<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%B0%E6%B5%8B%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E4%BC%9A" title="国际大地测量学与地球物理学联合会">国际大地测量学与地球物理学联合会</a>（IUGG）的大会上，地球物理学家布伦（K. E. Bullen）作了题为《我们原子时代的地震学》的报告，公开发布了对该次核试验核爆地震震源的研究结果，引起了地球物理学界和社会公众的极大反响<sup id="cite_ref-论文6_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-论文6-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-论文7_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-论文7-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>20世纪60年代之后，震源研究进入快速发展期<sup id="cite_ref-gqg1_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gqg1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1961年以后，可控震源作为通用地震勘探工具开始在石油勘探等领域广泛使用<sup id="cite_ref-论文3_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-论文3-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。苏联联合地震观测台网亦从当年起率先投入地下核试验监测工作<sup id="cite_ref-论文5_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-论文5-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1960年代中期，许多研究机构扩充了地震学方向的物质破裂物理学室内实验队伍，并将研究方向放在了对剪切破坏条件下微裂隙和宏观裂隙的形成过程及伴随此过程的样品与模型物理—力学性质的变化过程研究上<sup id="cite_ref-书籍1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-书籍1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。同时，野外预报研究也取得了进展，并确认了地球各不同地区中发现的部分前兆具有与地震能量有关的类似的时间过程<sup id="cite_ref-书籍1_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-书籍1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1960年代末，日本学者笠原庆一提出了发震孕育时间的概念<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1970年代，中国地球物理学家<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%85%E6%89%BF%E4%B9%89" title="傅承义">傅承义</a>提出了“红肿”假说，他认为地震发生前有一个形如“红肿区”的孕育区<sup id="cite_ref-gqg1_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gqg1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。同一时期，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="中国科学院">中国科学院</a>也在其<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%B1%80%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80" title="中国地震局地球物理研究所">地球物理研究所</a>下设置了震源物理研究室，这是中国大陆首个震源物理研究的专门机构<sup id="cite_ref-gqg1_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gqg1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。苏联研究人员其后提出了孕震期间和未来震源周围区域的概念，发展和完善了震源物理学科<sup id="cite_ref-gqg1_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gqg1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。苏联亦于1970年代末成立了<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苏联科学院地球物理研究所（页面不存在）">苏联科学院地球物理研究所</a>震源物理研究集体，作为震源物理研讨研究的学术专门团体<sup id="cite_ref-gqg1_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gqg1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>21世纪初，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>开始在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E" title="加利福尼亚州">加利福尼亚州</a>等州和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" title="地中海">地中海</a>地区、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>等地布设了稀疏宽带台网，这是一般数字台阵在震源物理方面的较早应用<sup id="cite_ref-论文2_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-论文2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。德格雷德和帕西亚诺姆利用该台网的记录，采用时间域反演方法，推导取得了地震序列的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E7%9F%A9" title="地震矩">地震矩</a>张量数据，对此前震源物理张量解的研究方法进行了平行实验，并了解了震源过程子破裂的部分细节<sup id="cite_ref-论文2_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-论文2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="测定方法"><span id=".E6.B5.8B.E5.AE.9A.E6.96.B9.E6.B3.95"></span>测定方法</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：测定方法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>测定震源，首先需要测定震中。在20世纪以前，测定震中的方式一般为几何中心法。随着地震学的发展，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%84%80" title="地震儀">地震仪</a>等仪器技术逐步趋向于成熟后，便诞生了方位角法（单台测定法）和台网测定法。测定震中位置后，再测定震源深度h即可测出震源位置。使用石川法、和达法和走时表法等可以测定和计算震源深度<sup id="cite_ref-YZD_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YZD-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="震中测定方法"><span id=".E9.9C.87.E4.B8.AD.E6.B5.8B.E5.AE.9A.E6.96.B9.E6.B3.95"></span>震中测定方法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：震中测定方法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>测定近震震源位置和远震震源位置的方法不尽相同，且各有很多方法。但是基本可分为两类：一类是根据<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E4%BD%8D%E8%A7%92" title="方位角">方位角</a>测定<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="震中">震中</a><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>，另一类是根据走时测定震中。在实际观测中，地震区单台记录到某些微弱的地方性地震和一些近震，但其他地区的地震台往往没有记录地不够精确甚至没有记录到。因此，必须谋求单台测定震源位置的方法，以便及时掌握当地地震活动的动态。同时，一个较大规模的地震发生后，虽然根据本台的记录可以判断该地震的远近，但却不知道具体发生的地方，一般需要靠台网多台测定后，才能知道震中位置<sup id="cite_ref-YZD_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YZD-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="几何中心法"><span id=".E5.87.A0.E4.BD.95.E4.B8.AD.E5.BF.83.E6.B3.95"></span>几何中心法</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：几何中心法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>20世纪以前，在没有仪器记录时，地震的震中位置都是按破坏范围而确定的宏观震中，它是极震区（震中附近破坏最严重的地区）的几何中心。由于无法确定极震区的精确范围，通常会造成误差<sup id="cite_ref-MZT_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MZT-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="方位角法（单台测定法）"><span id=".E6.96.B9.E4.BD.8D.E8.A7.92.E6.B3.95.EF.BC.88.E5.8D.95.E5.8F.B0.E6.B5.8B.E5.AE.9A.E6.B3.95.EF.BC.89"></span>方位角法（单台测定法）</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：方位角法（单台测定法）"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>由于各种地震波在不同地区、不同深度传播的速度都不同，波速快的或走直径的<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>先到达测站，其后陆续有其他波到达，这就产生了时间差。将震中距、震源深度和记录到的各种波的时间差，就可以编成适合各地使用的时距曲线及走时表。在某地发生地震时，分析员从地震记录图上量出该地震事件的各种波<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>的时间差，对照已编好的走时表或套用公式计算，便可得出震中距。随后便需要确定<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E4%BD%8D%E8%A7%92" title="方位角">方位角</a>。将两个水平方向的初动振幅化为地动位移，用<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0" title="三角函数">三角函数</a>便可求出方位角。当方位角和震中距都求出来后，便能够容易地找到震中位置。这种方法便称之为单台测定法<sup id="cite_ref-SP_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SP-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="台网测定法"><span id=".E5.8F.B0.E7.BD.91.E6.B5.8B.E5.AE.9A.E6.B3.95"></span>台网测定法</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：台网测定法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>当至少三个地震测站计算出<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D" title="震中距">震中距</a>时，便可通过<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="三边量測法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Trilateration"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E8%BE%B9%E9%87%8F%E6%B8%AC%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="三边量測法（页面不存在）">三边量測法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trilateration" class="extiw" title="en:Trilateration"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Trilateration</span></a></span>）</span></span>确定<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="震中">震中</a>的位置<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。这种通过仪器测量出的震中一般称之为微观震中的方法被称为台网测定法<sup id="cite_ref-YZD_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YZD-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>。具体做法是，分别以三个台站为<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%93%E5%BF%83" class="mw-redirect" title="圓心">圆心</a>，以各自求得的震中距按相应比例作<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%84" title="半径">半径</a>在地图上画<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%86" title="圆">圆</a>。然后，将每两个圆的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%BB%9E" title="交點">交点</a>连接，三条<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A6_(%E5%B9%BE%E4%BD%95)" title="弦 (幾何)">弦</a>的交点即为所求得的震中，再换算出<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E7%BA%AC%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="经纬度">经纬度</a><sup id="cite_ref-SP_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SP-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。交切法初定的震中精度往往不高。其误差最好的情况为±0.3°，一般可达1°，所以必须要对其进行进一步修订<sup id="cite_ref-YZD_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YZD-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="震源测定方法"><span id=".E9.9C.87.E6.BA.90.E6.B5.8B.E5.AE.9A.E6.96.B9.E6.B3.95"></span>震源测定方法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：震源测定方法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="石川法"><span id=".E7.9F.B3.E5.B7.9D.E6.B3.95"></span>石川法</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：石川法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>以地震台为圆心O、震源距离D为半径R构成一个球面，此球面在地面的截线就是同样的一个圆。三个圆相交可作出三条<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A6_(%E5%B9%BE%E4%BD%95)" title="弦 (幾何)">弦</a>，三条弦的交点就是震中。过震中和任一地震台引线，作通过震中于台引线的垂线弦，则弦长的一半即为震源深度h<sup id="cite_ref-YZD_25-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YZD-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。然而，这种方法被认为误差较大<sup id="cite_ref-err_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-err-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="和达法"><span id=".E5.92.8C.E8.BE.BE.E6.B3.95"></span>和达法</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：和达法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>和达球面方程相应的球面称为和达球面。球心在地面上，球面与地面相交的圆，称为和达圆。各个地震台组合的和达圆的公共弦交点就是震中。过震中而垂直于过震中的半径的弦的二分之一为震源深度h<sup id="cite_ref-YZD_25-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YZD-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。然而，这种方法被认为误差较大<sup id="cite_ref-err_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-err-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="走时表法"><span id=".E8.B5.B0.E6.97.B6.E8.A1.A8.E6.B3.95"></span>走时表法</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：走时表法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D" title="震中距">震中距</a></div> <p>若已知不同深度的走时表，则用各地震台记到的波的到时和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D" title="震中距">震中距</a>，分别作出实验走时曲线，并与地区走时表对比。若各震相都落在某一深度的走时曲线上，则该深度即为所求的震源深度<sup id="cite_ref-YZD_25-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YZD-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="有限断层震源模型"><span id=".E6.9C.89.E9.99.90.E6.96.AD.E5.B1.82.E9.9C.87.E6.BA.90.E6.A8.A1.E5.9E.8B"></span>有限断层震源模型</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：有限断层震源模型"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>由于地震滑动中心的位置，既受到断层整体大小的影响，又受到断层滑动（或应力）小尺度变化的影响，对地面运动产生了很大影响。因此，大地震的地面运动强烈地依赖于一个更趋向于局部性的方向性效应，即震源的位置可能会受到高滑动区域的影响<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。有限断层震源模型是由日本学者小次郎入仓于2000年所提出的一种测定震源的模型。这种模型参数分为2类，分别为用来表征震源区宏观特征的全局震源参数和用来表示断层面上的不均匀性或粗糙度的局部震源参数。该模型首先根据地震构造背景和活动性调查等资料，确定出活断层的空间方位和滑动类型。其次，根据地震危险性评价判定的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A9%E9%9C%87%E7%BA%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="矩震级">矩震级</a>，根据经验关系是确定各种参数的值。在断层破裂面上划分1 km×1 km的网格，对每个网格赋予相对的滑动值。再将断层破裂面离散为2<sup>M</sup>×2<sup>N</sup>个网格，然后进行插值和平滑。最后，用傅氏变换将上述模型从空间域变化至波数域<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相关研究"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E5.85.B3.E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6"></span>相关研究</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：相关研究"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%8E%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%8E%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB.png/300px-%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%8E%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%8E%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB.png/450px-%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%8E%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%8E%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB.png/600px-%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%8E%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB.png 2x" data-file-width="776" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption>震源物理研究与其他研究之间的关系</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="震源物理学（页面不存在）">震源物理学</a></div> <p>测定震源参数并提高其测量的精确度，是近代地震学研究的基本问题之一。因此，测定地震的基本参数一直是测震工作者日常从事并奋力精确化的课题。随着<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="应用数学">应用数学</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA" title="电子计算机">电子计算机</a>的发展并应用于地震学领域，以及地震学本身观测系统的改观，使得精确测定地震基本参数的工作有了重大进展<sup id="cite_ref-YZD_25-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YZD-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="地震分类"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E9.9C.87.E5.88.86.E7.B1.BB"></span>地震分类</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：地震分类"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90%E6%B7%B1%E5%BA%A6" title="震源深度">震源深度</a></div> <p>根据震源位置和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90%E6%B7%B1%E5%BA%A6" title="震源深度">震源深度</a>，可对地震进行分类<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <ul><li>按照震源深度的不同，通常可把地震分为三类： <ul><li>浅源地震：震源深度小于60千米的地震。</li> <li>中源地震：震源深度在60千米到300千米范围内的地震。</li> <li>深源地震：震源深度大于300千米的地震。</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>若按照震源位置分类，则可划分为如下两类： <ul><li>板缘地震：发生在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BF%E5%9D%97" class="mw-redirect" title="板块">板块</a>边界上的地震叫板缘地震。<a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%B8%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="環太平洋地震帶">环太平洋地震带</a>上绝大多数地震属于此类<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>板内地震：发生在板块内部的地震叫板内地震。如<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" class="mw-redirect" title="欧亚大陆">欧亚大陆</a>内部的地震多属此类<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>。</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="震相研究"><span id=".E9.9C.87.E7.9B.B8.E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6"></span>震相研究</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：震相研究"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>由于受到震源、震源深度、震中距及地震射线的传播综合影响，反映在地震记录图上震相表现的形态亦不相同。因此，随着震中距的不同，地震参数的测定也就不同。已知观测点的震中距，就可以较为轻松地分辨复杂而各异的震相，一般根据记录图上地震记录的总情况加以判断。地震的大小、远近、深远各有明显的特征。震源越近，震动的持续时间越短；震源越远，则持续时间越长<sup id="cite_ref-ZLY_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZLY-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在震相研究中，<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6%E8%A7%A3" title="震源机制解">震源机制解</a>是用<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="地球物理学">地球物理学</a>方法判别<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B7%E5%B1%A4" title="斷層">断层</a>类型和地震发震机制的一种方法。一次地震发生后，通过对不同的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%8F%B0%E7%AB%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地震台站（页面不存在）">地震台站</a>所接受到的地震波信号进行<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="数学分析">数学分析</a>，即可求出其震源机制解。震源机制解不仅可以使人了解断层的类型（是<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E6%96%AD%E5%B1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="正断层">正断层</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%86%E6%96%B7%E5%B1%A4" title="逆斷層">逆断层</a>还是<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%B0%E6%BB%91%E6%96%B7%E5%B1%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="走滑斷層">走滑断层</a>），而且可以揭示断层在地震前后具体的运动情况<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90%E6%B7%B1%E5%BA%A6" title="震源深度">震源深度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="震中">震中</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"></span>注释</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：注释"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">“<span lang="en">hypocenter</span>”一词来源于<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E8%AF%AD" title="古希腊语">古希腊语</a>“ὑπόκεντρον”[hypόkentron]，其意思为“中心的下方”。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">一般称之为“方位角法”。但由于其通过单台就能测定震源位置，故又被称之为“单台测定法”。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">即直达波。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">一般多采用<a href="/wiki/P%E6%B3%A2" title="P波">P波</a>和<a href="/wiki/S%E6%B3%A2" title="S波">S波</a>进行测量。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">亦有学者称之为“交切法”或“几何法”<sup id="cite_ref-SP_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SP-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">板内地震除与<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BF%E5%9D%97%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="板块运动">板块运动</a>有关，还要受局部地质环境的影响，其发震的原因与规律比板缘地震更复杂<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-USGS-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USGS_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/glossary/?term=hypocenter">Earthquake Glossary - hypocenter</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%8B%98%E6%8E%A2%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="美国地质勘探局">United States Geological Survey</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-10-27</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100315110912/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/glossary/?term=hypocenter">存档</a>于2010-03-15） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&rft.btitle=Earthquake+Glossary+-+hypocenter&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Flearn%2Fglossary%2F%3Fterm%3Dhypocenter&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E7%9F%BF%E4%BA%A7%E9%83%A8" title="中华人民共和国地质矿产部">中华人民共和国地质矿产部</a>地质辞典办公室. 地质大辞典普通地质构造地质分册上册. 地质出版社. : 200 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（简体）网页">（中文（简体））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&rft.au=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E7%9F%BF%E4%BA%A7%E9%83%A8%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E8%BE%9E%E5%85%B8%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4&rft.btitle=%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%A4%A7%E8%BE%9E%E5%85%B8+%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8+%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%88%86%E5%86%8C+%E4%B8%8A%E5%86%8C&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=200&rft.pub=%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">张路; 王威. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210513161050/https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=dizn199402002&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ">关于震源体物理意义的实验研究</a>. 地震. 1994, <b>2</b>: 20–27 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-08-15</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=dizn199402002&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ">原始内容</a>存档于2021-05-13） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（简体）网页">（中文（简体））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&rft.atitle=%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E6%84%8F%E4%B9%89%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft.au=%E5%BC%A0%E8%B7%AF&rft.au=%E7%8E%8B%E5%A8%81&rft.date=1994&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87&rft.pages=20-27&rft.volume=2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkns.cnki.net%2FKCMS%2Fdetail%2Fdetail.aspx%3Ffilename%3Ddizn199402002%26dbname%3DCJFD%26dbcode%3DCJFQ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fjdspm.com/books/dzzs/2011-07-16/39.html">什么叫震源和震源深度？</a>. 福建省数字地震科普馆. 2011-07-16 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-10-27</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171027183334/http://www.fjdspm.com/books/dzzs/2011-07-16/39.html">存档</a>于2017-10-27） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（简体）网页">（中文（简体））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&rft.btitle=%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E5%8F%AB%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90%E5%92%8C%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90%E6%B7%B1%E5%BA%A6%EF%BC%9F&rft.date=2011-07-16&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E7%9C%81%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E9%A6%86&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fjdspm.com%2Fbooks%2Fdzzs%2F2011-07-16%2F39.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">C Thurber. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200307172604/https://physicstoday.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1629009?journalCode=pto">An Introduction to Seismology, Earthquakes, and Earth Structure</a>. <span></span><i>Physics Today</i><span></span>. 2003, <b>10</b>: 66–67 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-10-27</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://physicstoday.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1629009?journalCode=pto">原始内容</a>存档于2020-03-07） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&rft.atitle=An+Introduction+to+Seismology%2C+Earthquakes%2C+and+Earth+Structure&rft.au=C+Thurber&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%27%27Physics+Today%27%27&rft.pages=66-67&rft.volume=10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphysicstoday.scitation.org%2Fdoi%2F10.1063%2F1.1629009%3FjournalCode%3Dpto&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-论文1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-论文1_7-0"><sup><b>6.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-论文1_7-1"><sup><b>6.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">王鹏伟. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200518084205/http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=conference&id=8269011">震源机制解综述</a>. 中国地震学会历史地震、地震预报专业委员会2013年学术研讨会. 2013 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-08-15</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=conference&id=8269011">原始内容</a>存档于2020-05-18） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（简体）网页">（中文（简体））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&rft.atitle=%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6%E8%A7%A3%E7%BB%BC%E8%BF%B0&rft.au=%E7%8E%8B%E9%B9%8F%E4%BC%9F&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E3%80%81%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E9%A2%84%E6%8A%A5%E4%B8%93%E4%B8%9A%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A2013%E5%B9%B4%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%AF%E7%A0%94%E8%AE%A8%E4%BC%9A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wanfangdata.com.cn%2Fdetails%2Fdetail.do%3F_type%3Dconference%26id%3D8269011&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.ceic.ac.cn/thing.html">地震历史大事记</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%8F%B0%E7%BD%91" title="中国地震台网">中国地震台网</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-08-16</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180118223339/http://news.ceic.ac.cn/thing.html">存档</a>于2018-01-18） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（简体）网页">（中文（简体））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&rft.btitle=%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%8B%E8%AE%B0&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%8F%B0%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.ceic.ac.cn%2Fthing.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-书籍1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-书籍1_9-0"><sup><b>8.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-书籍1_9-1"><sup><b>8.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-书籍1_9-2"><sup><b>8.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">M•A•萨多夫斯基; 许同春. 震源物理. 北京: 地震出版社. 1982-05 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（中国大陆）网页">（中文（中国大陆））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&rft.au=M%E2%80%A2A%E2%80%A2%E8%90%A8%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA&rft.btitle=%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86&rft.date=1982-05&rft.genre=book&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>); </span><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">干微; 金振民; 吴耀; 赵素涛. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200518084138/http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=dxqy201204003">深源地震机理的回顾:现状与问题</a>. 地学前缘. 2012, <b>19</b> (4): 15–29 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-08-16</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=dxqy201204003">原始内容</a>存档于2020-05-18） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（简体）网页">（中文（简体））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&rft.atitle=%E6%B7%B1%E6%BA%90%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E6%9C%BA%E7%90%86%E7%9A%84%E5%9B%9E%E9%A1%BE%3A%E7%8E%B0%E7%8A%B6%E4%B8%8E%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98&rft.au=%E5%90%B4%E8%80%80&rft.au=%E5%B9%B2%E5%BE%AE&rft.au=%E8%B5%B5%E7%B4%A0%E6%B6%9B&rft.au=%E9%87%91%E6%8C%AF%E6%B0%91&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=%E5%9C%B0%E5%AD%A6%E5%89%8D%E7%BC%98&rft.pages=15-29&rft.volume=19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wanfangdata.com.cn%2Fdetails%2Fdetail.do%3F_type%3Dperio%26id%3Ddxqy201204003&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">孙文斌. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210513161106/https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=ddyj198601009&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ">日本海西部深震研究回顾与展望</a>. 防灾减灾学报. 1986, <b>1</b>: 82–84 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-08-16</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.13693%2Fj.cnki.cn21-1573.1986.01.010"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.13693/j.cnki.cn21-1573.1986.01.010</span></a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=ddyj198601009&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ">原始内容</a>存档于2021-05-13） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（简体）网页">（中文（简体））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&rft.atitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B5%B7%E8%A5%BF%E9%83%A8%E6%B7%B1%E9%9C%87%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%9B%9E%E9%A1%BE%E4%B8%8E%E5%B1%95%E6%9C%9B&rft.au=%E5%AD%99%E6%96%87%E6%96%8C&rft.date=1986&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E9%98%B2%E7%81%BE%E5%87%8F%E7%81%BE%E5%AD%A6%E6%8A%A5&rft.pages=82-84&rft.volume=1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkns.cnki.net%2FKCMS%2Fdetail%2Fdetail.aspx%3Ffilename%3Dddyj198601009%26dbname%3DCJFD%26dbcode%3DCJFQ&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.13693%2Fj.cnki.cn21-1573.1986.01.010&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Related Articles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/60933/Benioff-zone">Benioff zone (seismic belt) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia</a>. Britannica.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-08-16</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6AQcpCSwu?url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/60933/Benioff-zone">存档</a>于2012-09-04） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&rft.au=Related+Articles&rft.btitle=Benioff+zone+%28seismic+belt%29+%E2%80%93+Britannica+Online+Encyclopedia&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Britannica.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F60933%2FBenioff-zone&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/developing.html">Developing the theory [This Dynamic Earth, USGS]</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%8B%98%E6%8E%A2%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="美国地质勘探局">美国地质勘探局</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-08-16</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6AQcsAppj?url=http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/developing.html">存档</a>于2012-09-04） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&rft.btitle=Developing+the+theory+%5BThis+Dynamic+Earth%2C+USGS%26%2393%3B&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%8B%98%E6%8E%A2%E5%B1%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Fgip%2Fdynamic%2Fdeveloping.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gqg1-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gqg1_14-0"><sup><b>13.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gqg1_14-1"><sup><b>13.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gqg1_14-2"><sup><b>13.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gqg1_14-3"><sup><b>13.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gqg1_14-4"><sup><b>13.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gqg1_14-5"><sup><b>13.5</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">耿乃光. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210513161147/https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=gjzt198408000&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ">震源物理实验的含义、地位和作用</a>. 国际地震动态. 1984, <b>8</b>: 3–4+33–34 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-08-15</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=gjzt198408000&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ">原始内容</a>存档于2021-05-13） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（简体）网页">（中文（简体））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&rft.atitle=%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E7%9A%84%E5%90%AB%E4%B9%89%E3%80%81%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%8D%E5%92%8C%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8&rft.au=%E8%80%BF%E4%B9%83%E5%85%89&rft.date=1984&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81&rft.pages=3-4%2B33-34&rft.volume=8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkns.cnki.net%2FKCMS%2Fdetail%2Fdetail.aspx%3Ffilename%3Dgjzt198408000%26dbname%3DCJFD%26dbcode%3DCJFQ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LWQ-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LWQ_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">刘万琴; 郑治真. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210513162038/http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-DZYJ198901008.htm">震源研究的进展</a>. 《地震研究》. 1989, <b>1</b>: 63–67 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-10-27</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-DZYJ198901008.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2021-05-13） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（简体）网页">（中文（简体））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&rft.atitle=%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%9B%E5%B1%95&rft.au=%E5%88%98%E4%B8%87%E7%90%B4&rft.au=%E9%83%91%E6%B2%BB%E7%9C%9F&rft.date=1989&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E3%80%8B&rft.pages=63-67&rft.volume=1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnki.com.cn%2FArticle%2FCJFDTotal-DZYJ198901008.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210513161205/https://xuewen.cnki.net/CJFD-GJZT197906000.html">国际震源物理实验研究近况（综述）</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E7%BD%91" class="mw-redirect" title="知网">知网</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-08-15</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://xuewen.cnki.net/CJFD-GJZT197906000.html">原始内容</a>存档于2021-05-13） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（简体）网页">（中文（简体））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&rft.atitle=%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%91%E5%86%B5%EF%BC%88%E7%BB%BC%E8%BF%B0%EF%BC%89&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fxuewen.cnki.net%2FCJFD-GJZT197906000.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-论文3-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-论文3_17-0"><sup><b>16.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-论文3_17-1"><sup><b>16.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">冯德益. 国外利用可控震源研究深部地壳构造与地震预报问题（综述）. 国际地震动态. 1979, (5): 2–3 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（中国大陆）网页">（中文（中国大陆））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&rft.atitle=%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%96%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E5%8F%AF%E6%8E%A7%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%B7%B1%E9%83%A8%E5%9C%B0%E5%A3%B3%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E4%B8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E9%A2%84%E6%8A%A5%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%EF%BC%88%E7%BB%BC%E8%BF%B0%EF%BC%89&rft.au=%E5%86%AF%E5%BE%B7%E7%9B%8A&rft.date=1979&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=5&rft.jtitle=%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81&rft.pages=2-3&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-论文4-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-论文4_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">卜晓红. 秘密档案美苏争霸环境战. 国际地震动态. 2002, (5): 88–91 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（中国大陆）网页">（中文（中国大陆））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&rft.atitle=%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88+%E7%BE%8E%E8%8B%8F%E4%BA%89%E9%9C%B8%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E6%88%98&rft.au=%E5%8D%9C%E6%99%93%E7%BA%A2&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=5&rft.jtitle=%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81&rft.pages=88-91&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-论文6-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-论文6_19-0"><sup><b>18.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-论文6_19-1"><sup><b>18.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">吴忠良. 核试验监测的技术和物理. 物理. 2007, <b>36</b> (7) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（中国大陆）网页">（中文（中国大陆））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&rft.atitle=%E6%A0%B8%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C%E7%9B%91%E6%B5%8B%E7%9A%84%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%92%8C%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86&rft.au=%E5%90%B4%E5%BF%A0%E8%89%AF&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=7&rft.jtitle=%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86&rft.volume=36&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-论文7-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-论文7_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">刘代志; 吴晓露; 李夕海. 核爆地震识别技术回顾与展望. 国家安全地球物理学术研讨会. 2007 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（中国大陆）网页">（中文（中国大陆））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&rft.atitle=%E6%A0%B8%E7%88%86%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%9B%9E%E9%A1%BE%E4%B8%8E%E5%B1%95%E6%9C%9B&rft.au=%E5%88%98%E4%BB%A3%E5%BF%97&rft.au=%E5%90%B4%E6%99%93%E9%9C%B2&rft.au=%E6%9D%8E%E5%A4%95%E6%B5%B7&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%AF%E7%A0%94%E8%AE%A8%E4%BC%9A&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-论文5-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-论文5_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Adus; 黄志斌. 前苏联地震台对地下核试验的监测. 防灾博览. 1996, (3): 3–4 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（中国大陆）网页">（中文（中国大陆））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&rft.atitle=%E5%89%8D%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%8F%B0%E5%AF%B9%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E6%A0%B8%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C%E7%9A%84%E7%9B%91%E6%B5%8B&rft.au=%E9%BB%84%E5%BF%97%E6%96%8C&rft.au=Adus&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=%E9%98%B2%E7%81%BE%E5%8D%9A%E8%A7%88&rft.pages=3-4&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210513161202/https://xuewen.cnki.net/CJFD-GJZT199703003.html">欧洲地震委员会第25届学术大会概述</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E7%BD%91" class="mw-redirect" title="知网">知网</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-08-15</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://xuewen.cnki.net/CJFD-GJZT199703003.html">原始内容</a>存档于2021-05-13） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（简体）网页">（中文（简体））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&rft.btitle=%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E7%AC%AC25%E5%B1%8A%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%AF%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E7%9F%A5%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fxuewen.cnki.net%2FCJFD-GJZT199703003.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-论文2-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-论文2_23-0"><sup><b>22.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-论文2_23-1"><sup><b>22.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">朱元清; 宋治平; 赵志光. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200518084229/http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=gjdzdt200508001">近期国外震源研究综述</a> <b>8</b>. 2005: 1–7 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-08-15</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3969%2Fj.issn.0253-4975.2005.08.001"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4975.2005.08.001</span></a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=gjdzdt200508001">原始内容</a>存档于2020-05-18） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（简体）网页">（中文（简体））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&rft.atitle=%E8%BF%91%E6%9C%9F%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%96%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E7%BB%BC%E8%BF%B0&rft.au=%E5%AE%8B%E6%B2%BB%E5%B9%B3&rft.au=%E6%9C%B1%E5%85%83%E6%B8%85&rft.au=%E8%B5%B5%E5%BF%97%E5%85%89&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=article&rft.pages=1-7&rft.volume=8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wanfangdata.com.cn%2Fdetails%2Fdetail.do%3F_type%3Dperio%26id%3Dgjdzdt200508001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3969%2Fj.issn.0253-4975.2005.08.001&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"><code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|journal=</code>被忽略 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#parameter_discarded" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Dreger D.; Uhrhammer R.; Pasyanos M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180816114944/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292220939_Regional_and_far-regional_earthquake_locations_and_source_parameters_using_sparse_broadband_networks_A_test_on_the_Ridgecrest_sequence">Regional and far-regional earthquake locations and source parameters using sparse broadband networks: A test on the Ridgecrest sequence</a>. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. 1998, <b>88</b> (6): 1353–1362 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-08-15</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.researchgate.net/publication/292220939_Regional_and_far-regional_earthquake_locations_and_source_parameters_using_sparse_broadband_networks_A_test_on_the_Ridgecrest_sequence">原始内容</a>存档于2018-08-16） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&rft.atitle=Regional+and+far-regional+earthquake+locations+and+source+parameters+using+sparse+broadband+networks%3A+A+test+on+the+Ridgecrest+sequence&rft.au=Dreger+D.&rft.au=Pasyanos+M.&rft.au=Uhrhammer+R.&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Seismological+Society+of+America&rft.pages=1353-1362&rft.volume=88&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F292220939_Regional_and_far-regional_earthquake_locations_and_source_parameters_using_sparse_broadband_networks_A_test_on_the_Ridgecrest_sequence&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-YZD-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-YZD_25-0"><sup><b>24.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-YZD_25-1"><sup><b>24.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-YZD_25-2"><sup><b>24.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-YZD_25-3"><sup><b>24.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-YZD_25-4"><sup><b>24.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-YZD_25-5"><sup><b>24.5</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-YZD_25-6"><sup><b>24.6</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-YZD_25-7"><sup><b>24.7</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">阎志德. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210513161257/https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=sxdz198104001&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ">地震参数的测定</a>. 山西地震. 1981, <b>4</b>: 3–38 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-10-27</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=sxdz198104001&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ">原始内容</a>存档于2021-05-13） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（简体）网页">（中文（简体））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&rft.atitle=%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%8B%E5%AE%9A&rft.au=%E9%98%8E%E5%BF%97%E5%BE%B7&rft.date=1981&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E5%B1%B1%E8%A5%BF%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87&rft.pages=3-38&rft.volume=4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkns.cnki.net%2FKCMS%2Fdetail%2Fdetail.aspx%3Ffilename%3Dsxdz198104001%26dbname%3DCJFD%26dbcode%3DCJFQ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MZT-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MZT_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">马在田. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210513161231/https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=sydq197901006&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ">如何提取更多的地震信息</a>. 石油地球物理勘探. 1979, <b>1</b>: 48–50 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-10-19</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.13810%2Fj.cnki.issn.1000-7210.1979.01.007"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.13810/j.cnki.issn.1000-7210.1979.01.007</span></a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=sydq197901006&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ">原始内容</a>存档于2021-05-13） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（简体）网页">（中文（简体））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&rft.atitle=%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E6%8F%90%E5%8F%96%E6%9B%B4%E5%A4%9A%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF&rft.au=%E9%A9%AC%E5%9C%A8%E7%94%B0&rft.date=1979&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%8B%98%E6%8E%A2&rft.pages=48-50&rft.volume=1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkns.cnki.net%2FKCMS%2Fdetail%2Fdetail.aspx%3Ffilename%3Dsydq197901006%26dbname%3DCJFD%26dbcode%3DCJFQ&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.13810%2Fj.cnki.issn.1000-7210.1979.01.007&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SP-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SP_30-0"><sup><b>26.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SP_30-1"><sup><b>26.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SP_30-2"><sup><b>26.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">石鹏. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210513161220/https://www.jinyueya.com/magazine/8905072.htm">地震是这样测定的</a>. 深圳特区科技. 1990, <b>4</b>: 39 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-10-27</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jinyueya.com/magazine/8905072.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2021-05-13） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（简体）网页">（中文（简体））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&rft.atitle=%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E6%98%AF%E8%BF%99%E6%A0%B7%E6%B5%8B%E5%AE%9A%E7%9A%84&rft.au=%E7%9F%B3%E9%B9%8F&rft.date=1990&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E6%B7%B1%E5%9C%B3%E7%89%B9%E5%8C%BA%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80&rft.pages=39&rft.volume=4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jinyueya.com%2Fmagazine%2F8905072.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eqseis.geosc.psu.edu/~cammon/HTML/Classes/IntroQuakes/Notes/earthquake_size.html">Earthquake Size</a>. Pennstate Earthquake Seismology. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-10-27</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170611211728/http://eqseis.geosc.psu.edu/~cammon/HTML/Classes/IntroQuakes/Notes/earthquake_size.html">存档</a>于2017-06-11） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&rft.btitle=Earthquake+Size&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Pennstate+Earthquake+Seismology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feqseis.geosc.psu.edu%2F~cammon%2FHTML%2FClasses%2FIntroQuakes%2FNotes%2Fearthquake_size.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-err-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-err_33-0"><sup><b>28.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-err_33-1"><sup><b>28.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">马秀芳. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210513162141/https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=dzyj198201008&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ">用相对定位法测定1973年安徽霍山震群的震源位置</a>. 地震研究. 1982, <b>1</b>: 101–115 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-08-15</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=dzyj198201008&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ">原始内容</a>存档于2021-05-13） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（简体）网页">（中文（简体））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&rft.atitle=%E7%94%A8%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E5%AE%9A%E4%BD%8D%E6%B3%95%E6%B5%8B%E5%AE%9A1973%E5%B9%B4%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%BD%E9%9C%8D%E5%B1%B1%E9%9C%87%E7%BE%A4%E7%9A%84%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE&rft.au=%E9%A9%AC%E7%A7%80%E8%8A%B3&rft.date=1982&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft.pages=101-115&rft.volume=1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkns.cnki.net%2FKCMS%2Fdetail%2Fdetail.aspx%3Ffilename%3Ddzyj198201008%26dbname%3DCJFD%26dbcode%3DCJFQ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Mai P. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&rft.atitle=great+Sumatra%E2%80%93Andaman+earthquake%3A+Co-seismic+and+post-seismic+motions+in+northern+Sumatra&rft.au=Graindorge%2CD.&rft.au=Klingelhoefer%2CF.&rft.au=Le+Pichon%2CX.&rft.au=Lin%2CJ-Y.&rft.au=Malod%2CJ.&rft.au=Maury%2CT.&rft.au=Rangin%2CC.&rft.au=Schneider%2CJ-L.&rft.au=Sibuet%2CJ-C.&rft.au=Singh%2CS.&rft.au=Sultan%2CN.&rft.au=Umber%2CM.&rft.au=Yamuguchi%2CH.&rft.au=the+%22Sumatra+aftershocks%22+team&rft.date=2004-12-16&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+and+Planetary+Science+Letters&rft.pages=88-103&rft.volume=263&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipgp.jussieu.fr%2F~singh%2Fdownload%2FSibuet_etal_EPSL_revised_07.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8" title="维基词典">维基词典</a>中的词条「<a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/震源">震源</a>」</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相關多媒體資源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hypocenters" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hypocenters">震源</a></li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="地震" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Earthquake" title="Template:Earthquake"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Earthquake" title="Template talk:Earthquake"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Earthquake" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Earthquake"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="地震" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="地震">地震</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">地震要素</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">震源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90%E6%B7%B1%E5%BA%A6" title="震源深度">震源深度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E5%A4%AE" title="震央">震央</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D" title="震中距">震中距</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%A6" title="震度">震度</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%A67%E7%B4%9A" title="震度7級">震度7級</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E7%9F%A9" title="地震矩">地震矩</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">地震观测</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%A6%E9%87%8F" title="Template:地震度量"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%A6%E9%87%8F" title="Template talk:地震度量"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%A6%E9%87%8F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:地震度量"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="地震度量" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%A6%E9%87%8F" title="地震度量">地震度量</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">现代度量</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%A6" title="震度">烈度度量</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E7%83%88%E5%BA%A6%E8%A1%A8" title="中国地震烈度表">中国地震烈度表（CSIS）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E7%83%88%E5%BA%A6%E8%A1%A8" title="欧洲地震烈度表">欧洲地震烈度表（EMS）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E7%83%88%E5%BA%A6%E8%A1%A8" title="环境地震烈度表">环境地震烈度表（ESI）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E8%A8%82%E9%BA%A5%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E7%83%88%E5%BA%A6%E8%A1%A8" title="修訂麥加利地震烈度表">修訂麥加利地震烈度表（MMI）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E5%BE%B7%E9%9F%A6%E6%9D%B0%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%96%BD%E8%93%AC%E9%9C%8D%E4%BC%8A%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%8B%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E7%83%88%E5%BA%A6%E8%A1%A8" title="梅德韦杰夫·施蓬霍伊尔·卡尔尼克地震烈度表">梅德韦杰夫·施蓬霍伊尔·卡尔尼克地震烈度表（MSK）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%BE%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E7%83%88%E5%BA%A6%E8%A1%A8" title="菲律宾火山地震研究所地震烈度表">菲律宾火山地震研究所地震烈度表（PEIS）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B0%A3%E8%B1%A1%E5%BB%B3%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%A6%E7%AD%89%E7%B4%9A" title="日本氣象廳震度等級">日本氣象廳震度等級（JMA）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E9%83%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B0%A3%E8%B1%A1%E7%BD%B2%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%A6%E5%88%86%E7%B4%9A" title="交通部中央氣象署地震震度分級">交通部中央氣象署地震震度分級（CWASIS）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">震级度量</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%93%E6%B3%A2%E9%9C%87%E7%BA%A7" title="体波震级">体波震级（m<sub>b</sub>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E9%9C%87%E7%BA%A7" title="地震持续时间震级">地震持续时间震级（M<sub>D</sub>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F%E9%9C%87%E7%BA%A7" title="能量震级">能量震级（M<sub>e</sub>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%8E%85%E9%9C%87%E7%BA%A7" title="日本气象厅震级">日本气象厅震级（M<sub>j</sub>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E6%B0%8F%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1" title="里氏地震規模">里氏震级（近震震級，M<sub>L</sub>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%B9%94%E6%B3%A2%E9%9C%87%E7%BA%A7" title="地幔波震级">地幔波震级（M<sub>m</sub>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E6%B3%A2%E9%9C%87%E7%BA%A7" title="面波震级">面波震級（M<sub>s</sub>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%98%AF%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1" title="海嘯規模">海啸震级（M<sub>t</sub>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A9%E9%9C%87%E7%B4%9A" title="矩震級">矩震級（M<sub>w</sub>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F%E9%9C%87%E7%BA%A7" title="苏联科学院能量震级">苏联科学院能量震级（M<sub>(K)</sub>）</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="尾波震级" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Seismic scale#Duration and Coda magnitude scales"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BE%E6%B3%A2%E9%9C%87%E7%BA%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尾波震级（页面不存在）">尾波震级（M<sub>c</sub>）</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismic_scale#Duration_and_Coda_magnitude_scales" class="extiw" title="en:Seismic scale"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Seismic scale#Duration and Coda magnitude scales</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="有感面积震级" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Seismic scale#Macroseismic magnitude scales"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%84%9F%E9%9D%A2%E7%A7%AF%E9%9C%87%E7%BA%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有感面积震级（页面不存在）">有感面积震级（M<sub>fa</sub>）</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismic_scale#Macroseismic_magnitude_scales" class="extiw" title="en:Seismic scale"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Seismic scale#Macroseismic magnitude scales</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">曾用度量</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E8%A8%82%E9%BA%A5%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E7%83%88%E5%BA%A6%E8%A1%A8" title="修訂麥加利地震烈度表">麦加利-坎加尼-希耶伯格地震烈度（MCS）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E8%A8%82%E9%BA%A5%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E7%83%88%E5%BA%A6%E8%A1%A8" title="修訂麥加利地震烈度表">麦加利-伍德-纽曼地震烈度（MWN）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E8%A5%BF%E2%80%93%E7%A6%8F%E9%9B%B7%E5%B0%94%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E7%83%88%E5%BA%A6%E8%A1%A8" title="罗西–福雷尔地震烈度表">罗西–福雷尔地震烈度表（RF）</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大森度量" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Omori scale"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%BA%A6%E9%87%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大森度量（页面不存在）">大森地震烈度</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omori_scale" class="extiw" title="en:Omori scale"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Omori scale</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%84%80" title="地震儀">地震儀</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%BA%95%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%84%80" title="海底地震儀">海底地震儀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B7%E9%9C%87%E5%84%80" title="強震儀">強震儀</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86" title="地震信号处理">地震信号处理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E5%8A%A8%E5%9B%BE" title="震动图">震动图</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E9%9C%87%E7%BA%BF" title="等震线">等震线</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E6%8D%95%E6%89%8B%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="地震捕手网络">地震捕手网络</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A0%E6%84%9F%E8%A7%89%E5%88%B0%E4%BA%86%E5%90%97%EF%BC%9F" title="你感觉到了吗？">你感觉到了吗？（DYFI）</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">理论研究</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%A6" title="地震学">地震学</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E6%B3%A2" title="地震波">地震波</a>（<a href="/wiki/P%E6%B3%A2" title="P波">P波</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/S%E6%B3%A2" title="S波">S波</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E6%B3%A2" title="面波">面波</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E5%A4%AB%E6%B3%A2" title="勒夫波">勒夫波</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%8C%AF%E7%9B%AA" title="自由振盪">自由震盪</a>）</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E6%8F%9B%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="轉換波分析">轉換波分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%88%E6%80%A7%E5%9B%9E%E8%B7%B3%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="彈性回跳理論">彈性回跳理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6%E8%A7%A3" title="震源机制解">震源机制解</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%99%BB%E5%A0%A1%E2%80%94%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%E7%89%B9%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古登堡—里克特定律（页面不存在）">古登堡—里克特定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%BA%94%E5%8A%9B" title="地应力">地应力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%B4%E5%9D%80%E6%95%88%E6%87%89" title="場址效應">場址效應</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B7%E5%B1%A4" title="斷層">斷層</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E6%96%AD%E5%B1%82" title="活断层">活断层</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%86%E6%96%B7%E5%B1%A4" title="逆斷層">逆斷層</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B2%E6%96%B7%E5%B1%A4" title="盲斷層">盲斷層</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%9B%E7%A7%BB%E6%96%B7%E5%B1%A4" title="潛移斷層">潛移斷層</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BF%E5%A1%8A%E9%82%8A%E7%B7%A3" title="板塊邊緣">板块边缘</a>）</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%B8%B6" title="地震帶">地震帶</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%B8%A6" title="环太平洋火山带">环太平洋火山带</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%A6" title="阿尔卑斯带">阿尔卑斯带</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E6%B4%8B%E4%B8%AD%E8%84%8A" title="大西洋洋中脊">大西洋洋中脊</a>）</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9E%E5%8F%91%E5%BC%8F%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%B8%A6" title="连发式地震带">连发式地震带</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E5%B8%B8%E9%9C%87%E5%9F%9F" title="異常震域">異常震域</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E7%A9%BA%E5%8C%BA" title="地震空区">地震空区</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94" title="爆炸地震效应">爆炸地震效应</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">地震類型</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%97" title="地震序列">地震序列</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E9%9C%87" title="前震">前震</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A4%E9%9C%87" title="群震">群震</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="双地震">双地震</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9E%8B%E9%80%86%E8%A1%9D%E5%8D%80%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="大型逆衝區地震">大型逆衝區地震</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BF%E5%A1%8A%E5%85%A7%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="板塊內地震">板塊內地震</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%A2%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="慢地震">慢地震</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E6%80%A7%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="火山性地震">火山性地震</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%93%E8%AF%B1%E5%8F%91%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="水库诱发地震">水库诱发地震</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B1%E6%BA%90%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="深源地震">深源地震</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E7%81%BE%E5%AE%B3" title="地震灾害">次生災害</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E6%B6%B2%E5%8C%96" title="土壤液化">土壤液化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%95%B8" title="海啸">海啸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%B4%A9" title="山崩">山崩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%B0%E5%A1%9E%E6%B9%96" title="堰塞湖">堰塞湖</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">防灾對策</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E9%A0%90%E6%B8%AC" title="地震預測">地震預測</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E9%A0%90%E8%AD%A6%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="地震預警系統">地震預警系統</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E9%A2%84%E8%AD%A6%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="墨西哥地震预警系统">墨西哥地震预警系统</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A7%E6%80%A5%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E9%80%9F%E6%8A%A5" title="紧急地震速报">紧急地震速报</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E6%BB%A4%E6%B3%A2%E6%B3%95" title="集成粒子滤波法">IPF法</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%80%E9%83%A8%E6%97%A0%E9%98%BB%E5%B0%BC%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E6%B3%95" title="局部无阻尼运动传播法">PLUM法</a>）</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B7%E9%9C%87%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82%E8%AD%A6%E5%A0%B1" title="強震即時警報">強震即時警報</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-Alert%E8%A7%80%E6%B8%AC%E7%B6%B2" title="P-Alert觀測網">P-Alert觀測網</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E7%83%88%E5%BA%A6%E9%80%9F%E6%8A%A5%E4%B8%8E%E9%A2%84%E8%AD%A6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="国家地震烈度速报与预警工程">国家地震烈度速报与预警工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICL%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E9%A2%84%E8%AD%A6%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="ICL地震预警技术系统">ICL地震预警技术系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E4%B8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E8%AD%A6%E6%8A%A5%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="欧洲与地中海警报系统">欧洲与地中海警报系统</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E9%9A%AA" title="地震險">地震險</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="地震工程">地震工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%B6%E9%9C%87" title="制震">制震</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E9%9C%87%E7%BC%9D" title="防震缝">防震缝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AA%E5%8A%9B%E5%A2%99" title="剪力墙">剪力墙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92" title="生命三角">生命三角</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關條目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="历史地震">历史地震</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="地震列表">地震列表</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="断层列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of fault zones"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AD%E5%B1%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="断层列表（页面不存在）">断层列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fault_zones" class="extiw" title="en:List of fault zones"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of fault zones</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%85%89" title="地震光">地震光</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E9%9B%B2" title="地震雲">地震雲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%81%B2" title="地聲">地聲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94%E9%9C%87%E5%8B%95" title="天體震動">天體震動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87" title="日震">日震</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E9%9C%87" title="月震">月震</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F%E9%9C%87" title="火星震">火星震</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%9C%E9%9C%87" title="霜震">霜震</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%89%9B" title="地牛">地牛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%AF%B0" title="大鯰">大鯰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E7%A5%9E" title="地震神">地震神</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="Category:地震">地震</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B" title="Category:地震機構">地震機構</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Portal:地球科學">地球科學主題頁</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="专题"><img alt="专题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="WikiProject:地震">地震專題</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="模板"><img alt="模板" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Symbol_template_class.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Symbol_template_class.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Symbol_template_class.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a 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