CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Edwin Sutherland - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"a26cde2e-92f5-4484-9227-b39bfaa2e32d","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Edwin_Sutherland","wgTitle":"Edwin Sutherland","wgCurRevisionId":1191300904,"wgRevisionId":1191300904,"wgArticleId":1905264,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Articles with hCards","1893 births","1950 deaths","American criminologists","University of Chicago alumni","University of Chicago faculty","Presidents of the American Sociological Association","People from Buffalo County, Nebraska","People from Grand Island, Nebraska","Members of the Sociological Research Association"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext", "wgRelevantPageName":"Edwin_Sutherland","wgRelevantArticleId":1905264,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q599329","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model", "platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar", "ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/78/Edwin_Sutherland.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1636"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/78/Edwin_Sutherland.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1091"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="873"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Edwin Sutherland - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Sutherland"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Sutherland&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Sutherland"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Edwin_Sutherland rootpage-Edwin_Sutherland skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Edwin+Sutherland" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Edwin+Sutherland" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Edwin+Sutherland" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Edwin+Sutherland" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Theory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Edwin Sutherland</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%B0%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF" title="إدوين سذرلاند – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إدوين سذرلاند" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_H._Sutherland" title="Edwin H. Sutherland – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Edwin H. Sutherland" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Sutherland" title="Edwin Sutherland – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Edwin Sutherland" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Sutherland" title="Edwin Sutherland – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Edwin Sutherland" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="ادوین ساترلند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ادوین ساترلند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Sutherland" title="Edwin Sutherland – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Edwin Sutherland" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Sutherland" title="Edwin Sutherland – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Edwin Sutherland" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%93%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%AA%27%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93" title="אדווין סאת'רלנד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אדווין סאת'רלנד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%B0%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF" title="ادوين سذرلاند – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ادوين سذرلاند" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Sutherland" title="Edwin Sutherland – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Edwin Sutherland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1" title="ਐਡਵਿਨ ਸੁਦਰਲੈਂਡ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਐਡਵਿਨ ਸੁਦਰਲੈਂਡ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Sutherland" title="Edwin Sutherland – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Edwin Sutherland" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4,_%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Сатерленд, Эдвин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сатерленд, Эдвин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Sutherland" title="Edwin Sutherland – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Edwin Sutherland" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Едвин Садерленд – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Едвин Садерленд" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_H._Sutherland" title="Edwin H. Sutherland – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Edwin H. Sutherland" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E6%B8%A9%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E7%91%9F%E5%85%B0" title="埃德温·萨瑟兰 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="埃德温·萨瑟兰" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q599329#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Sutherland" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Edwin_Sutherland" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Sutherland"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Sutherland&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Sutherland&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Sutherland"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Sutherland&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Sutherland&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Edwin_Sutherland" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Edwin_Sutherland" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Sutherland&oldid=1191300904" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Sutherland&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Edwin_Sutherland&id=1191300904&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEdwin_Sutherland"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEdwin_Sutherland"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Edwin_Sutherland&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Sutherland&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q599329" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American criminologist (1883–1950)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the cyclist, see <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Sutherland_(cyclist)" title="Edwin Sutherland (cyclist)">Edwin Sutherland (cyclist)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Edwin H. Sutherland</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Edwin_Sutherland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/78/Edwin_Sutherland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="300" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Edwin Sutherland, known for the concept "white collar crime"</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1883-08-13</span>)</span>August 13, 1883<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Gibbon,_Nebraska" title="Gibbon, Nebraska">Gibbon, Nebraska</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">October 11, 1950<span style="display:none">(1950-10-11)</span> (aged 67)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Bloomington,_Indiana" title="Bloomington, Indiana">Bloomington, Indiana</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">Sociology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_at_Urbana%E2%80%93Champaign" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign">University of Illinois</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Bloomington" title="Indiana University Bloomington">Indiana University</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Edwin Hardin Sutherland</b> (August 13, 1883 – October 11, 1950) was an <a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">American</a> <a href="/wiki/Sociologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Sociologist">sociologist</a>. He is considered one of the most influential <a href="/wiki/Criminologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Criminologist">criminologists</a> of the 20th century. He was a <a href="/wiki/Sociologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Sociologist">sociologist</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Symbolic_interactionism" title="Symbolic interactionism">symbolic interactionist</a> <a href="/wiki/School_(discipline)" class="mw-redirect" title="School (discipline)">school</a> of thought and is best known for defining <a href="/wiki/White-collar_crime" title="White-collar crime">white-collar crime</a> and <a href="/wiki/Differential_association" title="Differential association">differential association</a>, a general theory of crime and delinquency. Sutherland earned his <a href="/wiki/Ph.D." class="mw-redirect" title="Ph.D.">Ph.D.</a> in sociology from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a> in 1913. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Sutherland&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sutherland's historical importance rests upon his having introduced (in a 27 December 1939 speech to the <a href="/wiki/American_Sociological_Association" title="American Sociological Association">American Sociological Association</a>, titled <i>The White Collar Criminal</i>) the concept of <a href="/wiki/White-collar_crime" title="White-collar crime">white-collar crime</a>, a concept which violated existing prejudices that aristocrats can do no wrong (which was famously expressed in the ancient legal view that a king could do no wrong). </p><p>After receiving his PhD from the University of Chicago, Sutherland was at William Jewell College, Missouri (1913–1919), the University of Kansas (the summer of 1918), University of Illinois (1919–1925), Sutherland spent a summer at Northwestern (June–August 1922) prior to arriving at the University of Minnesota in 1925.<sup id="cite_ref-routledge.com_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-routledge.com-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-snodgrass_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snodgrass-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sutherland solidified his reputation as one of the country's leading criminologists at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a>, where he worked from 1926 to 1929. During this period, he concentrated in sociology as a scientific enterprise whose goal was to understand and control social problems. For several months in 1929 Sutherland studied the British penal system while in England.<sup id="cite_ref-snodgrass_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snodgrass-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, during 1929–1930 Sutherland worked as a researcher with the Bureau of Social Hygiene in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-routledge.com_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-routledge.com-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1930, Sutherland accepted a position as a research professor at the University of Chicago.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1935 he took a position at <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University" title="Indiana University">Indiana University</a>, where he remained till his untimely death on October 11, 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-routledge.com_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-routledge.com-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He founded the Bloomington School of Criminology at Indiana University. </p><p>During his time at Indiana, he published four books, including <i>Twenty Thousand Homeless Men</i> (1936), <i>The Professional Thief</i> (1937), the third edition of <i>Principles of Criminology</i> (1939), and the censored first edition of <i>White Collar Crime</i> (1949), his masterpiece. It remained censored until the original text was published in 1983 by <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. </p><p>Sutherland was elected president of the <a href="/wiki/American_Sociological_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="American Sociological Society">American Sociological Society</a> in 1939, and president of the <a href="/wiki/Sociological_Research_Association" title="Sociological Research Association">Sociological Research Association</a> in 1940. If he had not already become prominent within the sociological profession prior to his introduction of the concept of white-collar crime in 1939, one can only speculate whether the seminal concept would have been published, as America's largest corporations threatened to sue the publishers of <i>White Collar Crime</i>. (They were successful, and had all references to the names of litigating corporations removed from the text.) When Yale University Press issued the unexpurgated version in 1983, the introduction by <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Geis" title="Gilbert Geis">Gilbert Geis</a> noted that Sutherland's concept of white-collar crime "altered the study of crime throughout the world in fundamental ways". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theory">Theory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Sutherland&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Theory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was the author of the leading text <i>Criminology</i>, published in 1924, first stating the principle of differential association in the third edition retitled <i><a href="/wiki/Principles_of_Criminology" title="Principles of Criminology">Principles of Criminology</a></i> (1939:4–8) that the development of habitual patterns of criminality arise from association with those who commit <a href="/wiki/Crime" title="Crime">crime</a> rather than with those who do not commit crime. According to Sutherland, individuals learn definitions both favorable and unfavorable to crime from peers, the strength of their relationship determines if they choose to favor anti-criminal or pro-criminal definitions.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within <a href="/wiki/Differential_association" title="Differential association">differential association theory</a>, Sutherland explains that criminal behavior can be learned through peer interaction with older people or more experienced criminals.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The amount of time spent with peers who associate themselves with deviance leads to a greater chance of engaging in deviance.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sutherland discussed that the intensity of an individual will also determine if a person will agree with their pro-criminal definitions.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The type of feelings an individual associates with someone will help determine if they will follow their definitions, whether they advocate for crime or not. Not every child raised in an environment surrounded by crime will develop into having criminal tendencies. Instead Sutherland's theory suggests that having strong bonds to positive role models increases the chance someone stays away from crime.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The theory also had a structural element positing that conflict and social disorganization are the underlying causes of crime because they the patterns of people associated with.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This latter element was dropped when the fourth edition was published in 1947. But he remained convinced that <a href="/wiki/Social_class" title="Social class">social class</a> was a relevant factor, <a href="/wiki/Neologism" title="Neologism">coining</a> the phrase <i><a href="/wiki/White-collar_criminal" class="mw-redirect" title="White-collar criminal">white-collar criminal</a></i> in a speech to the <a href="/wiki/American_Sociological_Association" title="American Sociological Association">American Sociological Association</a> on December 27, 1939. In his 1949 monograph <i>White-Collar Criminology</i> he defined a <a href="/wiki/White-collar_crime" title="White-collar crime">white-collar crime</a> "approximately as a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation." Differential Association has been one of the most cited <a href="/wiki/Criminology" title="Criminology">criminological</a> theories since it is applicable for many situations and behavior.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Sutherland&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Sutherland, Edwin H. (1924) <i><a href="/wiki/Principles_of_Criminology" title="Principles of Criminology">Principles of Criminology</a></i>, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.</li> <li>Sutherland, Edwin H. (1936) With Locke, H.J. <i>Twenty Thousand Homeless Men: a study of unemployed men in the Chicago shelters</i>, Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFConwell,_Chic1937" class="citation book cs1">Conwell, Chic (1937). Sutherland, Edwin H. (ed.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/professionalthie0000conw"><i>The Professional Thief: by a Professional Thief. Annotated and Interpreted by Edwin H. Sutherland</i></a></span>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/37036112">37036112</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Professional+Thief%3A+by+a+Professional+Thief.+Annotated+and+Interpreted+by+Edwin+H.+Sutherland&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1937&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F37036112&rft.au=Conwell%2C+Chic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fprofessionalthie0000conw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdwin+Sutherland" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Sutherland, Edwin H. (1942) Development of the Theory, in Karl Schuessler (ed.) <i>Edwin H. Sutherland on Analyzing Crime</i>, pp. 13–29. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.</li> <li>Sutherland, Edwin H. (1949) <i>White Collar Crime</i>, New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.</li> <li>Sutherland, Edwin H. (1950) The Diffusion of Sexual Psychopath Laws. American Journal of Sociology, Issue 56: pp. 142–148</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Sutherland&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organi-cultural_Deviance" class="mw-redirect" title="Organi-cultural Deviance">Organi-cultural Deviance</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Sutherland&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-routledge.com-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-routledge.com_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-routledge.com_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-routledge.com_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright" class="citation web cs1">Wright, Richard A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150103020304/http://cw.routledge.com/ref/criminology/sutherland.html">"Sutherland, Edwin H."</a> <i>Encyclopedia of Criminology</i>. Routledge. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cw.routledge.com/ref/criminology/sutherland.html">the original</a> on 3 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Criminology&rft.atitle=Sutherland%2C+Edwin+H.&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Richard+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcw.routledge.com%2Fref%2Fcriminology%2Fsutherland.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdwin+Sutherland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-snodgrass-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-snodgrass_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-snodgrass_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnodgrass1985" class="citation journal cs1">Snodgrass, Jon (1985). "A Biographical Sketch and Review of the Work of Edwin H. Sutherland". <i>History of Sociology</i>. <b>6</b> (1): 55–67.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+of+Sociology&rft.atitle=A+Biographical+Sketch+and+Review+of+the+Work+of+Edwin+H.+Sutherland&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=55-67&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Snodgrass&rft.aufirst=Jon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdwin+Sutherland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.routledge-ny.com/ref/criminology/sutherland.html">Criminology Report Article</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:02_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCressey1952" class="citation journal cs1">Cressey, Donald R. (May 1952). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3985&context=jclc">"Application and Verification of the Differential Association Theory"</a>. <i>The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science</i>. <b>43</b> (1): 43–52. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1138991">10.2307/1138991</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-0205">0022-0205</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1138991">1138991</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Criminal+Law%2C+Criminology%2C+and+Police+Science&rft.atitle=Application+and+Verification+of+the+Differential+Association+Theory&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=43-52&rft.date=1952-05&rft.issn=0022-0205&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1138991%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1138991&rft.aulast=Cressey&rft.aufirst=Donald+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D3985%26context%3Djclc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdwin+Sutherland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:22-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:22_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:22_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:22_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:22_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaganDaigle2020" class="citation book cs1">Hagan, Frank E.; Daigle, Leah E. (2020). <i>Introduction to criminology: theories, methods, and criminal behavior</i> (10th ed.). Los Angeles: SAGE. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5443-3902-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5443-3902-3"><bdi>978-1-5443-3902-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+criminology%3A+theories%2C+methods%2C+and+criminal+behavior&rft.place=Los+Angeles&rft.edition=10th&rft.pub=SAGE&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-5443-3902-3&rft.aulast=Hagan&rft.aufirst=Frank+E.&rft.au=Daigle%2C+Leah+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdwin+Sutherland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCullenMyerJonsonAdler2011" class="citation book cs1">Cullen, Francis T.; Myer, Andrew J.; Jonson, Cheryl Lero; Adler, Freda, eds. (2011). "Edwin H. Sutherland: The development of differential association theory.". <i>The origins of American criminology</i>. Advances in criminological theory. London New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. pp. 37–56. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4128-1467-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4128-1467-6"><bdi>978-1-4128-1467-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Edwin+H.+Sutherland%3A+The+development+of+differential+association+theory.&rft.btitle=The+origins+of+American+criminology&rft.place=London+New+York&rft.series=Advances+in+criminological+theory&rft.pages=37-56&rft.pub=Routledge+Taylor+%26+Francis+Group&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4128-1467-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdwin+Sutherland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Sutherland&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asanet.org/about/presidents/Edwin_Sutherland.cfm">Edwin Sutherland at the American Sociological Association</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/60272791">Edwin Sutherland</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599329#P535" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_American_Sociological_Association" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_Sociological_Association_presidents" title="Template:American Sociological Association presidents"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_Sociological_Association_presidents" title="Template talk:American Sociological Association presidents"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_Sociological_Association_presidents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American Sociological Association presidents"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_American_Sociological_Association" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Presidents of the <a href="/wiki/American_Sociological_Association" title="American Sociological Association">American Sociological Association</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1906–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lester_Frank_Ward" title="Lester Frank Ward">Lester Frank Ward</a> (1906–1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Graham_Sumner" title="William Graham Sumner">William Graham Sumner</a> (1908–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Henry_Giddings" title="Franklin Henry Giddings">Franklin Henry Giddings</a> (1910–1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albion_Woodbury_Small" title="Albion Woodbury Small">Albion Woodbury Small</a> (1912–1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Alsworth_Ross" title="Edward Alsworth Ross">Edward Alsworth Ross</a> (1914–1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Edgar_Vincent" title="George Edgar Vincent">George Edgar Vincent</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Elliott_Howard" title="George Elliott Howard">George Elliott Howard</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cooley" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Cooley">Charles Cooley</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_W._Blackmar" title="Frank W. Blackmar">Frank W. Blackmar</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Q._Dealey" title="James Q. Dealey">James Q. Dealey</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Hayes" title="Edward C. Hayes">Edward C. Hayes</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_P._Lichtenberger" title="James P. Lichtenberger">James P. Lichtenberger</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_G._Weatherly" title="Ulysses G. Weatherly">Ulysses G. Weatherly</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Ellwood" title="Charles A. Ellwood">Charles A. Ellwood</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Park" title="Robert E. Park">Robert E. Park</a> (1925)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis_Gillin" class="mw-redirect" title="John Lewis Gillin">John Lewis Gillin</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._I._Thomas" title="W. I. Thomas">W. I. Thomas</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Gillette" title="John M. Gillette">John M. Gillette</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Fielding_Ogburn" title="William Fielding Ogburn">William Fielding Ogburn</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_W._Odum" title="Howard W. Odum">Howard W. Odum</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emory_S._Bogardus" title="Emory S. Bogardus">Emory S. Bogardus</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luther_L._Bernard" title="Luther L. Bernard">Luther L. Bernard</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Reuter" title="Edward B. Reuter">Edward B. Reuter</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Burgess" title="Ernest Burgess">Ernest Burgess</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._Stuart_Chapin" title="F. Stuart Chapin">F. Stuart Chapin</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Pratt_Fairchild" title="Henry Pratt Fairchild">Henry Pratt Fairchild</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellsworth_Faris" title="Ellsworth Faris">Ellsworth Faris</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_H._Hankins" title="Frank H. Hankins">Frank H. Hankins</a> (1938)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Edwin Sutherland</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Morrison_MacIver" title="Robert Morrison MacIver">Robert Morrison MacIver</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_A._Queen" title="Stuart A. Queen">Stuart A. Queen</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_Sanderson" title="Dwight Sanderson">Dwight Sanderson</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_A._Lundberg" title="George A. Lundberg">George A. Lundberg</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Vance" title="Rupert Vance">Rupert Bayless Vance</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimball_Young" title="Kimball Young">Kimball Young</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Cleveland_Taylor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Cleveland Taylor (page does not exist)">Carl Cleveland Taylor</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Cleveland_Taylor" class="extiw" title="de:Carl Cleveland Taylor">de</a>]</span> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Wirth" title="Louis Wirth">Louis Wirth</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Franklin_Frazier" title="E. Franklin Frazier">E. Franklin Frazier</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talcott_Parsons" title="Talcott Parsons">Talcott Parsons</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonard_S._Cottrell_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonard S. Cottrell Jr. (page does not exist)">Leonard S. Cottrell Jr.</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Slater_Cottrell" class="extiw" title="de:Leonard Slater Cottrell">de</a>]</span> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Angell" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert C. Angell">Robert C. Angell</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Swaine_Thomas" title="Dorothy Swaine Thomas">Dorothy Swaine Thomas</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_A._Stouffer" title="Samuel A. Stouffer">Samuel A. Stouffer</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florian_Znaniecki" title="Florian Znaniecki">Florian Znaniecki</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Young_(sociologist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald Young (sociologist) (page does not exist)">Donald Young</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Blumer" title="Herbert Blumer">Herbert Blumer</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_K._Merton" title="Robert K. Merton">Robert K. Merton</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Murphy_Williams" title="Robin Murphy Williams">Robin M. Williams Jr.</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsley_Davis" title="Kingsley Davis">Kingsley Davis</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_P._Becker" title="Howard P. Becker">Howard P. Becker</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_E._L._Faris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert E. L. Faris (page does not exist)">Robert E. L. Faris</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Lazarsfeld" title="Paul Lazarsfeld">Paul Lazarsfeld</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everett_Hughes_(sociologist)" title="Everett Hughes (sociologist)">Everett Hughes</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Homans" title="George C. Homans">George C. Homans</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitirim_Sorokin" title="Pitirim Sorokin">Pitirim Sorokin</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilbert_E._Moore" title="Wilbert E. Moore">Wilbert E. Moore</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_P._Loomis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles P. Loomis (page does not exist)">Charles P. Loomis</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Hauser" title="Philip Hauser">Philip Hauser</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Marshall_Rose" title="Arnold Marshall Rose">Arnold Marshall Rose</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_H._Turner" title="Ralph H. Turner">Ralph H. Turner</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Bendix" title="Reinhard Bendix">Reinhard Bendix</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Sewell" title="William H. Sewell">William H. Sewell</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_J._Goode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William J. Goode (page does not exist)">William J. Goode</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirra_Komarovsky" title="Mirra Komarovsky">Mirra Komarovsky</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Blau" title="Peter Blau">Peter Blau</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_A._Coser" title="Lewis A. Coser">Lewis A. Coser</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_McClung_Lee" title="Alfred McClung Lee">Alfred McClung Lee</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Milton_Yinger" title="John Milton Yinger">John Milton Yinger</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Hawley" title="Amos Hawley">Amos Hawley</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_M._Blalock_Jr." title="Hubert M. Blalock Jr.">Hubert M. Blalock Jr.</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_H._Rossi" title="Peter H. Rossi">Peter H. Rossi</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Foote_Whyte" title="William Foote Whyte">William Foote Whyte</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erving_Goffman" title="Erving Goffman">Erving Goffman</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_S._Rossi" title="Alice S. Rossi">Alice S. Rossi</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_F._Short_Jr." title="James F. Short Jr.">James F. Short Jr.</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kai_T._Erikson" title="Kai T. Erikson">Kai T. Erikson</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_White_Riley" title="Matilda White Riley">Matilda White Riley</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvin_L._Kohn" title="Melvin L. Kohn">Melvin L. Kohn</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_J._Gans" title="Herbert J. Gans">Herbert J. Gans</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Huber" title="Joan Huber">Joan Huber</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Julius_Wilson" title="William Julius Wilson">William Julius Wilson</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Lieberson" title="Stanley Lieberson">Stanley Lieberson</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Samuel_Coleman" title="James Samuel Coleman">James Samuel Coleman</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seymour_Martin_Lipset" title="Seymour Martin Lipset">Seymour Martin Lipset</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Gamson" title="William A. Gamson">William A. Gamson</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amitai_Etzioni" title="Amitai Etzioni">Amitai Etzioni</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maureen_T._Hallinan" title="Maureen T. Hallinan">Maureen T. Hallinan</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Smelser" title="Neil Smelser">Neil Smelser</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Quadagno" title="Jill Quadagno">Jill Quadagno</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Portes" title="Alejandro Portes">Alejandro Portes</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Feagin" title="Joe Feagin">Joe Feagin</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Massey" title="Douglas Massey">Douglas Massey</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Reskin" title="Barbara Reskin">Barbara Reskin</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_T._Bielby" title="William T. Bielby">William T. Bielby</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Burawoy" title="Michael Burawoy">Michael Burawoy</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy_Duster" title="Troy Duster">Troy Duster</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Fuchs_Epstein" title="Cynthia Fuchs Epstein">Cynthia Fuchs Epstein</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Fox_Piven" title="Frances Fox Piven">Frances Fox Piven</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arne_L._Kalleberg" title="Arne L. Kalleberg">Arne L. Kalleberg</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Hill_Collins" title="Patricia Hill Collins">Patricia Hill Collins</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Nakano_Glenn" title="Evelyn Nakano Glenn">Evelyn Nakano Glenn</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randall_Collins" title="Randall Collins">Randall Collins</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Olin_Wright" title="Erik Olin Wright">Erik Olin Wright</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecilia_L._Ridgeway" title="Cecilia L. Ridgeway">Cecilia L. Ridgeway</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annette_Lareau" title="Annette Lareau">Annette Lareau</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paula_England" title="Paula England">Paula England</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Milkman" title="Ruth Milkman">Ruth Milkman</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mich%C3%A8le_Lamont" title="Michèle Lamont">Michèle Lamont</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Bonilla-Silva" title="Eduardo Bonilla-Silva">Eduardo Bonilla-Silva</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Romero" title="Mary Romero">Mary Romero</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Williams_(sociologist)" title="Christine Williams (sociologist)">Christine Williams</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldon_Morris" title="Aldon Morris">Aldon Morris</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecilia_Menj%C3%ADvar" title="Cecilia Menjívar">Cecilia Menjívar</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prudence_Carter" title="Prudence Carter">Prudence Carter</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599329#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599329#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599329#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122782128">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/34524994">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/3362/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJyxhyPP8fv4YPP9dYpF8C">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119370220">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50011309">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12310218s">France</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13490687p">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12310218s">BnF data</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13490687p">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=osd2013774365&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068375417">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC2018N3769">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/zw9dkj2h0143hrl">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810589396505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007463621205171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058602805306706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14077753">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/987206">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/031987680">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6kd5qrp">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Sutherland&oldid=1191300904">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Sutherland&oldid=1191300904</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1893_births" title="Category:1893 births">1893 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1950_deaths" title="Category:1950 deaths">1950 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_criminologists" title="Category:American criminologists">American criminologists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_Chicago_alumni" title="Category:University of Chicago alumni">University of Chicago alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_Chicago_faculty" title="Category:University of Chicago faculty">University of Chicago faculty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidents_of_the_American_Sociological_Association" title="Category:Presidents of the American Sociological Association">Presidents of the American Sociological Association</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Buffalo_County,_Nebraska" title="Category:People from Buffalo County, Nebraska">People from Buffalo County, Nebraska</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Grand_Island,_Nebraska" title="Category:People from Grand Island, Nebraska">People from Grand Island, Nebraska</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Sociological_Research_Association" title="Category:Members of the Sociological Research Association">Members of the Sociological Research Association</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 December 2023, at 18:16<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Sutherland&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6dfcdd5ff5-8jzcg","wgBackendResponseTime":184,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.432","walltime":"0.559","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2869,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":51395,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2749,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":39216,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 501.290 1 -total"," 31.03% 155.543 1 Template:Infobox_scientist"," 17.78% 89.144 1 Template:American_Sociological_Association_presidents"," 17.47% 87.567 3 Template:Cite_book"," 17.14% 85.934 1 Template:Navbox"," 12.88% 64.586 1 Template:Short_description"," 8.47% 42.462 1 Template:Reflist"," 7.12% 35.671 2 Template:Pagetype"," 6.87% 34.441 1 Template:Birth_date"," 6.28% 31.466 1 Template:Infobox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.292","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6754455,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-7678f45bf4-487dk","timestamp":"20241203082528","ttl":2475286,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Edwin Sutherland","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edwin_Sutherland","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q599329","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q599329","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-05-18T16:44:43Z","dateModified":"2023-12-22T18:16:04Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/7\/78\/Edwin_Sutherland.jpg","headline":"American criminologist (1883\u20131950)"}</script> </body> </html>