CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Grand Est - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"e3136aa1-0f15-4902-aca6-8b0a6cdbc272","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Grand_Est","wgTitle":"Grand Est","wgCurRevisionId":1251507087,"wgRevisionId":1251507087,"wgArticleId":45032068,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using the Phonos extension","Articles containing French-language text","CS1 French-language sources (fr)","Articles containing Alsatian-language text","Articles containing Luxembourgish-language text","Articles containing German-language text","Pages with German IPA","Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Use dmy dates from January 2018","Use British English from January 2018","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata", "Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles containing Alemannic German-language text","Pages using infobox settlement with no coordinates","Pages with French IPA","Pages including recorded pronunciations","Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text","Articles needing additional references from December 2021","All articles needing additional references","Articles to be expanded from January 2016","All articles to be expanded","Articles with French-language sources (fr)","Coordinates on Wikidata","Grand Est","Regions of France","2016 establishments in France","States and territories established in 2016"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Grand_Est","wgRelevantArticleId":45032068,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{ "tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":48.7544,"lon":5.8517},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q18677983","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser": false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.icons":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.phonos.init","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar", "ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Ch%C3%A2teau_du_Haut-K%C5%93nigsbourg%2C_Alsace.jpg/1200px-Ch%C3%A2teau_du_Haut-K%C5%93nigsbourg%2C_Alsace.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="798"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Ch%C3%A2teau_du_Haut-K%C5%93nigsbourg%2C_Alsace.jpg/800px-Ch%C3%A2teau_du_Haut-K%C5%93nigsbourg%2C_Alsace.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="532"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Ch%C3%A2teau_du_Haut-K%C5%93nigsbourg%2C_Alsace.jpg/640px-Ch%C3%A2teau_du_Haut-K%C5%93nigsbourg%2C_Alsace.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="426"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Grand Est - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Est&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Grand_Est rootpage-Grand_Est skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Grand+Est" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Grand+Est" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Grand+Est" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Grand+Est" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Toponymy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toponymy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Toponymy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Toponymy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Toponymy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Toponymy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Provisional_name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provisional_name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Provisional name</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provisional_name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Permanent_name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Permanent_name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Permanent name</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Permanent_name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Departments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Departments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Departments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Departments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Topography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Topography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hydrology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydrology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Hydrology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hydrology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Formation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Formation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opposition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opposition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Opposition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opposition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Regional_council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Regional council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport_and_infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport_and_infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transport and infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport_and_infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport and infrastructure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport_and_infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rail_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Rail transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Airports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motorways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motorways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Motorways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motorways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heritage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heritage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Heritage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heritage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Grand Est</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 91 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-91" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">91 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="الشرق الكبير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الشرق الكبير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Este" title="Gran Este – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Gran Este" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Este" title="Gran Este – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gran Este" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qrand_Est" title="Qrand Est – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qrand Est" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="قرانت است – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قرانت است" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4" title="গ্রঁতেস্ত – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্রঁতেস্ত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4-%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82" title="Гранд-Эст – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гранд-Эст" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4-%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82" title="Гранд-Эст – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гранд-Эст" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82" title="Гранд Ест – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гранд Ест" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Est" title="Gran Est – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gran Est" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwyrain_Mawr" title="Dwyrain Mawr – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dwyrain Mawr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%95%CF%83%CF%84" title="Γκραντ Εστ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκραντ Εστ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Este" title="Gran Este – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gran Este" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekialde_Handia" title="Ekialde Handia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ekialde Handia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="گراند است – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گراند است" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grutte_Easten" title="Grutte Easten – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Grutte Easten" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Leste" title="Gran Leste – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gran Leste" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%9E%91%ED%85%8C%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8" title="그랑테스트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="그랑테스트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4_%D4%B7%D5%BD%D5%BF" title="Գրանդ Էստ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գրանդ Էստ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grande_Est" title="Grande Est – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Grande Est" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4-%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82" title="Гранд-Эст – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Гранд-Эст" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grande_Est" title="Grande Est – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Grande Est" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93_%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98" title="גראנד אסט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גראנד אסט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4-%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82" title="Гранд-Эст – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гранд-Эст" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnus_Oriens" title="Magnus Oriens – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Magnus Oriens" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandesta" title="Grandesta – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Grandesta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didieji_Rytai" title="Didieji Rytai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Didieji Rytai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="ग्रांद एस्त – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ग्रांद एस्त" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="جراند ايست – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جراند ايست" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82" title="Гранд Эст – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Гранд Эст" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B6%E1%80%90%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B7%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ဂရံတဲ့စ်တ်တိုင်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂရံတဲ့စ်တ်တိုင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%86%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E5%9C%8F" title="グラン・テスト地域圏 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グラン・テスト地域圏" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4-%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82" title="ГгӀанд-Эст – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ГгӀанд-Эст" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_%C3%88st" title="Grand Èst – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Grand Èst" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grande_Leste" title="Grande Leste – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Grande Leste" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand-Est" title="Grand-Est – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Grand-Est" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4-%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82" title="Гранд-Эст – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гранд-Эст" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindja_e_madhe" title="Lindja e madhe – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lindja e madhe" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82" title="Гранд Ест – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гранд Ест" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B4-%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82" title="Граңд-Эст – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Граңд-Эст" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="แคว้นกร็องแต็สต์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แคว้นกร็องแต็สต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4-%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82" title="Гранд-Эст – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гранд-Эст" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4-%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82" title="Гранд-Ест – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гранд-Ест" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="گرایت است – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گرایت است" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%9C%E9%83%A8%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA" title="大东部大区 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="大东部大区" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%9D%B1%E9%83%A8" title="大東部 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="大東部" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Grand Est" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%9D%B1%E9%83%A8%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%80" title="大東部大區 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="大東部大區" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q18677983#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Est" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Grand_Est" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Est"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Est&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Est&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Est"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Est&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Est&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Grand_Est" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Grand_Est" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Est&oldid=1251507087" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Est&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Grand_Est&id=1251507087&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGrand_Est"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGrand_Est"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Grand_Est&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Est&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Grand_Est" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q18677983" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Grand_Est&params=48.7544_N_5.8517_E_source:wikidata"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°45′16″N</span> <span class="longitude">5°51′06″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.7544°N 5.8517°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.7544; 5.8517</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Administrative region of France</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Region in France</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Grand Est</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="fr"><span style="font-size:75%;"><span title="Alemannic German-language text"><i lang="gsw">Grossa Oschta</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Alemannic_German_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Alemannic German language">Alemannic German</a>)</span><br /><span title="Luxembourgish-language text"><i lang="lb">Grouss Osten</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourgish language">Luxembourgish</a>)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">Region</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ch%C3%A2teau_du_Haut-K%C5%93nigsbourg,_Alsace.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Château du Haut-Koenigsbourg north of Colmar"><img alt="The Château du Haut-Koenigsbourg north of Colmar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Ch%C3%A2teau_du_Haut-K%C5%93nigsbourg%2C_Alsace.jpg/250px-Ch%C3%A2teau_du_Haut-K%C5%93nigsbourg%2C_Alsace.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Ch%C3%A2teau_du_Haut-K%C5%93nigsbourg%2C_Alsace.jpg/375px-Ch%C3%A2teau_du_Haut-K%C5%93nigsbourg%2C_Alsace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Ch%C3%A2teau_du_Haut-K%C5%93nigsbourg%2C_Alsace.jpg/500px-Ch%C3%A2teau_du_Haut-K%C5%93nigsbourg%2C_Alsace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">The <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_du_Haut-Koenigsbourg" title="Château du Haut-Koenigsbourg">Château du Haut-Koenigsbourg</a> north of <a href="/wiki/Colmar" title="Colmar">Colmar</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_R%C3%A9gion_Grand_Est_-_2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Grand Est"><img alt="Official logo of Grand Est" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Logo_R%C3%A9gion_Grand_Est_-_2016.svg/100px-Logo_R%C3%A9gion_Grand_Est_-_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Logo_R%C3%A9gion_Grand_Est_-_2016.svg/150px-Logo_R%C3%A9gion_Grand_Est_-_2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Logo_R%C3%A9gion_Grand_Est_-_2016.svg/200px-Logo_R%C3%A9gion_Grand_Est_-_2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="176" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Brandmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandmark">Brandmark</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Est_in_France_2016.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Grand_Est_in_France_2016.svg/250px-Grand_Est_in_France_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Grand_Est_in_France_2016.svg/375px-Grand_Est_in_France_2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Grand_Est_in_France_2016.svg/500px-Grand_Est_in_France_2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1922" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">Prefecture</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Departments</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>10</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ardennes_(department)" title="Ardennes (department)">Ardennes</a> (08)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Aube" title="Aube">Aube</a> (10)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Marne_(department)" title="Marne (department)">Marne</a> (51)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Haute-Marne" title="Haute-Marne">Haute-Marne</a> (52)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Meurthe-et-Moselle" title="Meurthe-et-Moselle">Meurthe-et-Moselle</a> (54)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Meuse_(department)" title="Meuse (department)">Meuse</a> (55)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Moselle_(department)" title="Moselle (department)">Moselle</a> (57)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Bas-Rhin" title="Bas-Rhin">Bas-Rhin</a> (67)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Haut-Rhin" title="Haut-Rhin">Haut-Rhin</a> (68)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Vosges_(department)" title="Vosges (department)">Vosges</a> (88)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Regional_Council_of_Grand_Est" title="Regional Council of Grand Est">Regional Council of Grand Est</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Regional_Council_(France)" title="President of the Regional Council (France)">President of the Regional Council</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franck_Leroy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franck Leroy (page does not exist)">Franck Leroy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Miscellaneous_right" title="Miscellaneous right">DVD</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">57,433 km<sup>2</sup> (22,175 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">5th</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2021)<sup id="cite_ref-popleg2021_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popleg2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">5,561,287</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">97/km<sup>2</sup> (250/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">€166.919 billion</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">€30,100</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">FR-GES</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/First_level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union#France" class="mw-redirect" title="First level NUTS of the European Union">NUTS Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data">FRF</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">Official languages</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>,</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Recognised languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alemannic_German" title="Alemannic German">Alemannic German</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moselle_Franconian" class="mw-redirect" title="Moselle Franconian">Moselle Franconian</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grandest.fr">www<wbr />.grandest<wbr />.fr</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Grand Est</b><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ɡʁɑ̃t‿ɛst]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/bb\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-Grand_Est.wav\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-Grand_Est.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-Grand Est.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bb/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-Grand_Est.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-Grand_Est.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q150_(fra)-WikiLucas00-Grand_Est.wav" title="File:LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-Grand Est.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> English: <span lang="en">"Great East"</span>) is an <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">administrative region</a> in northeastern <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. It superseded three former administrative regions, <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Champagne-Ardenne" title="Champagne-Ardenne">Champagne-Ardenne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lorraine" title="Lorraine">Lorraine</a>, on 1 January 2016 under the provisional name of <b>Alsace-Champagne-Ardenne-Lorraine</b> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[alzas<span class="wrap"> </span>ʃɑ̃paɲ<span class="wrap"> </span>aʁdɛn<span class="wrap"> </span>lɔʁɛn]</a></span>; <b>ACAL</b> or, less commonly, <b>ALCALIA</b>),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a result of territorial reform which had been passed by the <a href="/wiki/French_Parliament" title="French Parliament">French Parliament</a> in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Region_reform_law:_article_about_name_and_capital_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Region_reform_law:_article_about_name_and_capital-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The region sits astride three water basins (<a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meuse" title="Meuse">Meuse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a>), spanning an area of 57,433 km<sup>2</sup> (22,175 sq mi), the fifth largest in France; it includes two mountain ranges (<a href="/wiki/Vosges" title="Vosges">Vosges</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ardennes" title="Ardennes">Ardennes</a>). It shares borders with <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>. As of 2021, it had a population of 5,561,287 inhabitants. The <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">prefecture</a> and largest city is <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a>. </p><p>The East of France has a rich and diverse culture, being situated at a crossroads between the <a href="/wiki/Gallo-Romance_languages" title="Gallo-Romance languages">Gallic-Latin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic</a> worlds. This history is reflected in the variety of languages spoken there (<a href="/wiki/Alsatian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Alsatian language">Alsatian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Champenois_language" title="Champenois language">Champenois</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lorrain_language" title="Lorrain language">Lorrain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Franconian" title="Lorraine Franconian">Lorraine Franconian</a>). Most of today's Grand Est region was considered "Eastern" as early as the 8th century, when it constituted the southern part of the <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Francian</a> territory of <a href="/wiki/Austrasia" title="Austrasia">Austrasia</a>. The city of <a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a> (in Champagne), where Frankish king <a href="/wiki/Clovis_I" title="Clovis I">Clovis I</a> had been baptized in 496 AD, would later play a prominent ceremonial role in French monarchical history as the traditional site of the coronation of the kings of France. The <a href="/wiki/Champagne_fairs" title="Champagne fairs">Champagne fairs</a> played a significant role in the economy of <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Europe">medieval Europe</a> as well. Alsace and Lorraine thrived in the sphere of influence of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> for most of the Middle Ages and Renaissance, and subject to competing claims by France and Germany over the centuries. </p><p>The region has distinctive traditions such as the celebration of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Nicholas_Day" title="Saint Nicholas Day">Saint Nicholas Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christmas_market" title="Christmas market">Christmas markets</a>, or traditions involving the <a href="/wiki/Easter_Hare" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter Hare">Easter hare</a> in Alsace and Lorraine. Alsace-Moselle are furthermore subject to <a href="/wiki/Local_law_in_Alsace-Moselle" class="mw-redirect" title="Local law in Alsace-Moselle">local law</a> for historical reasons. With a long industrial history and strong agriculture and tourism (arts, gastronomy, sightseeing), the East of France is one of the top economic producing regions in the country. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toponymy">Toponymy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Est&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Toponymy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Provisional_name">Provisional name</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Est&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Provisional name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The provisional name of the region was Alsace-Champagne-Ardenne-Lorraine, formed by combining the names of the three former regions—<a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Champagne-Ardenne" title="Champagne-Ardenne">Champagne-Ardenne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lorraine" title="Lorraine">Lorraine</a>—in alphabetical order with <a href="/wiki/Hyphen" title="Hyphen">hyphens</a>. The formula for the provisional name of the region was established by the territorial reform law and applied to all but one of the provisional names for new regions.<sup id="cite_ref-Region_reform_law:_article_about_name_and_capital_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Region_reform_law:_article_about_name_and_capital-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ACAL regional council, which was elected in December 2015, was given the task of choosing a name for the region and submitting it to the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Conseil_d%27%C3%89tat_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conseil d'État (France)">Conseil d'État</a></span></span>—France's highest authority for <a href="/wiki/Administrative_law" title="Administrative law">administrative law</a>—by 1 July 2016 for approval.<sup id="cite_ref-Region_reform_law:_article_about_name_and_capital_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Region_reform_law:_article_about_name_and_capital-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The provisional name of the region was retired on 30 September 2016, when the new name of the region, <i>Grand Est</i>, took effect.<sup id="cite_ref-Decree_confirming_new_region_name_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Decree_confirming_new_region_name-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Alsace and in Lorraine, the new region has frequently been called ALCA, for Alsace-Lorraine-Champagne-Ardennes, on the internet.<sup id="cite_ref-DNA_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNA-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like the name <i><a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-France" title="Hauts-de-France">Région Hauts-de-France</a></i> (and, until 2015, the name <i><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gion_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Région Centre">Région Centre</a></i>), the name <i>Région Grand Est</i> contains no reference whatsoever to the area's history or identity, but merely describes its geographical location within metropolitan France. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Permanent_name">Permanent name</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Est&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Permanent name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a poll conducted in November 2014 by <a href="/wiki/France_3" title="France 3">France 3</a> in Champagne-Ardenne, <i>Grand Est</i> (29.16%) and <i>Austrasie</i> (22.65%) were the top two names among 25 candidates and 4,701 votes.<sup id="cite_ref-F3_names_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-F3_names-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grand Est also topped a poll the following month conducted by <a href="/wiki/L%27Est_R%C3%A9publicain" title="L'Est Républicain">L'Est Républicain</a>, receiving 42% of 3,324 votes.<sup id="cite_ref-ER:_Names_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ER:_Names-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The names which received a moderate amount of discussion were: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Est_fran%C3%A7ais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grand Est français (page does not exist)">Grand Est français</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Est_fran%C3%A7ais" class="extiw" title="fr:Grand Est français">fr</a>]</span>, a term used to refer to the northeast quarter of <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_France" title="Metropolitan France">Metropolitan France</a>, although this term refers to a geographic region larger than just ACAL. The term has been commonly used and topped the polls mentioned above.</li> <li><i>Grand Est Europe</i> (Great East Europe), a variant of Grand Est that alludes to the region being a gateway to Europe both through trade and since Strasbourg is <a href="/wiki/European_institutions_in_Strasbourg" title="European institutions in Strasbourg">home to several European institutions</a> (which makes it one of the three <a href="/wiki/Institutional_seats_of_the_European_Union#"Capital"" title="Institutional seats of the European Union">unofficial capitals</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-DNA:_name_July_2015_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNA:_name_July_2015-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the name was mocked for how it could suggest that the region is in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Austrasie</i> (<a href="/wiki/Austrasia" title="Austrasia">Austrasia</a>), which refers to an <a href="/wiki/Historical_region" title="Historical region">historical region</a> spanning parts of present-day northeast France, the <a href="/wiki/Benelux" title="Benelux">Benelux</a>, and northwest Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-F3_names_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-F3_names-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ER:_Names_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ER:_Names-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Quatre frontières</i> (Four Frontiers), which refers to the region's border with four countries.<sup id="cite_ref-F3_names_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-F3_names-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Est&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grand Est covers 57,433 square kilometres (22,175 sq mi) of land and is the sixth-largest of the regions of France. Grand Est borders four countries—<a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wallonia" title="Wallonia">Wallonia</a> region) and <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> (Cantons of <a href="/wiki/Esch-sur-Alzette_(canton)" class="mw-redirect" title="Esch-sur-Alzette (canton)">Esch-sur-Alzette</a> and <a href="/wiki/Remich_(canton)" class="mw-redirect" title="Remich (canton)">Remich</a>) on the north, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> on the east and northeast,<sup id="cite_ref-German_states_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-German_states-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a><sup id="cite_ref-Swiss_cantons_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swiss_cantons-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on the southeast. It is the only French region to border more than two countries, or more countries than French regions. Its neighbors within France are <a href="/wiki/Bourgogne-Franche-Comt%C3%A9" title="Bourgogne-Franche-Comté">Bourgogne-Franche-Comté</a> on the south, <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a> on the west, and <a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-France" title="Hauts-de-France">Hauts-de-France</a> on the northwest. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alsace-Champagne-Ardenne-Lorraine_et_provinces.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Alsace-Champagne-Ardenne-Lorraine_et_provinces.svg/440px-Alsace-Champagne-Ardenne-Lorraine_et_provinces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="440" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Alsace-Champagne-Ardenne-Lorraine_et_provinces.svg/660px-Alsace-Champagne-Ardenne-Lorraine_et_provinces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Alsace-Champagne-Ardenne-Lorraine_et_provinces.svg/880px-Alsace-Champagne-Ardenne-Lorraine_et_provinces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1807" data-file-height="1366" /></a><figcaption>Map of the new region with its ten départements, colored according to the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_France" title="Provinces of France">historical provinces</a> as they existed until <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">1790</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#a3d283; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Champagne_(province)" title="Champagne (province)">Champagne</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#efb3c7; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Lorraine" title="Lorraine">Lorraine</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#8bd9c5; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#e1c44a; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bar" title="Duchy of Bar">Barrois</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#7db3c7; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Three_Bishoprics" title="Three Bishoprics">Three Bishoprics</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#5db976; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/County_of_Saarwerden" title="County of Saarwerden">County of Saarwerden</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#838a9d; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Salm-Salm" title="Salm-Salm">Principality of Salm-Salm</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#de8787; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Free_County_of_Burgundy" class="mw-redirect" title="Free County of Burgundy">Free County of Burgundy</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#b9b980; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Prince-Bishopric of Liège">Prince-Bishopric of Liège</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#e0e95d; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Luxemburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Luxemburg">Duchy of Luxemburg</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#b98ab9; color:black;"> </span> small principalities</div> </div></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Departments">Departments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Est&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Departments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grand Est contains ten <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">departments</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ardennes_(department)" title="Ardennes (department)">Ardennes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aube" title="Aube">Aube</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bas-Rhin" title="Bas-Rhin">Bas-Rhin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marne_(department)" title="Marne (department)">Marne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haute-Marne" title="Haute-Marne">Haute-Marne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haut-Rhin" title="Haut-Rhin">Haut-Rhin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meurthe-et-Moselle" title="Meurthe-et-Moselle">Meurthe-et-Moselle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meuse_(department)" title="Meuse (department)">Meuse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moselle_(department)" title="Moselle (department)">Moselle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vosges_(department)" title="Vosges (department)">Vosges</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topography">Topography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Est&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Topography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main ranges in the region include the <a href="/wiki/Vosges" title="Vosges">Vosges</a> to the east and the <a href="/wiki/Ardennes" title="Ardennes">Ardennes</a> to the north. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hydrology">Hydrology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Est&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hydrology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The region is bordered on the east by the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a>, which forms about half of the border with Germany. Other major rivers which flow through the region include the <a href="/wiki/Meuse" title="Meuse">Meuse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moselle" title="Moselle">Moselle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marne_(river)" title="Marne (river)">Marne</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sa%C3%B4ne" title="Saône">Saône</a>. </p><p>Lakes in the region include <a href="/wiki/Lac_de_G%C3%A9rardmer" title="Lac de Gérardmer">lac de Gérardmer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lac_de_Longemer" title="Lac de Longemer">lac de Longemer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lac_de_Retournemer" title="Lac de Retournemer">lac de Retournemer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lac_des_Corbeaux" title="Lac des Corbeaux">lac des Corbeaux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lac_de_Bouzey" title="Lac de Bouzey">Lac de Bouzey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lac_de_Madine" title="Lac de Madine">lac de Madine</a>, étang du Stock and <a href="/wiki/Lac_de_Pierre-Perc%C3%A9e" title="Lac de Pierre-Percée">lac de Pierre-Percée</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Est&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grand Est climate depends on the proximity of the sea. In <a href="/wiki/Champagne" title="Champagne">Champagne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lorraine" title="Lorraine">Western Lorraine</a>, the climate is <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> : <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">Cfb</a>), with cool to mild winters and warm summers. But <a href="/wiki/Ardennes" title="Ardennes">Ardennes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moselle" title="Moselle">Moselle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a> climates are borderline <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> : <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">Dfb</a>) - <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> : <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">Cfb</a>), characterized by cold winters with frequent days below the freezing point, and hot summers, with many days with temperatures up to 32 °C. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Est&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lorraine" title="Lorraine">Lorraine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Champagne-Ardenne" title="Champagne-Ardenne">Champagne-Ardenne</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formation">Formation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Est&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Strasbourg_manifestation_contre_la_fusion_des_r%C3%A9gions_23_novembre_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Strasbourg_manifestation_contre_la_fusion_des_r%C3%A9gions_23_novembre_2014.jpg/220px-Strasbourg_manifestation_contre_la_fusion_des_r%C3%A9gions_23_novembre_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Strasbourg_manifestation_contre_la_fusion_des_r%C3%A9gions_23_novembre_2014.jpg/330px-Strasbourg_manifestation_contre_la_fusion_des_r%C3%A9gions_23_novembre_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Strasbourg_manifestation_contre_la_fusion_des_r%C3%A9gions_23_novembre_2014.jpg/440px-Strasbourg_manifestation_contre_la_fusion_des_r%C3%A9gions_23_novembre_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5131" data-file-height="3421" /></a><figcaption>Protesters of the <a href="/wiki/Alsace_independence_movement" title="Alsace independence movement">Alsace independence movement</a> holding a banner saying "No to merger" (<i>Non a la fusion</i>), 2014 in Strasbourg.</figcaption></figure> <p>Grand Est is the result of <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France#Reform_and_mergers_of_regions" title="Regions of France">territorial reform legislation</a> passed in 2014 by the French Parliament to reduce the number of regions in Metropolitan France—the part of France in continental Europe—from 22 to 13.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grand Est is the merger of three regions: <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Champagne-Ardenne" title="Champagne-Ardenne">Champagne-Ardenne</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lorraine" title="Lorraine">Lorraine</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opposition">Opposition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Est&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Opposition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Alsace_independence_movement" title="Alsace independence movement">Alsace independence movement</a></div> <p>The merger has been, and still is, strongly opposed by some groups in Alsace, and a large majority of Alsatians.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The territorial reform law allows new regions to choose the seat of the regional councils, but specifically made Strasbourg the seat of the Grand Est regional council—a move to appease the region's politicians.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The creation of the new region was unpopular among <a href="/wiki/Alsatians_(people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alsatians (people)">Alsatians</a>. In response, the Government created the <a href="/wiki/European_Collectivity_of_Alsace" title="European Collectivity of Alsace">European Collectivity of Alsace</a> merging the departments of <a href="/wiki/Bas_Rhin" class="mw-redirect" title="Bas Rhin">Bas Rhin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haut_Rhin" class="mw-redirect" title="Haut Rhin">Haut Rhin</a>, to take effect in 2021. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Est&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The region has an official population of 5,562,651 (municipal population on 1 January 2021).<sup id="cite_ref-population_2021_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population_2021-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Cities with over 20,000 inhabitants </th> <th>Former region </th> <th>2021 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> </td> <td align="right">Alsace </td> <td align="right">291,313 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a> </td> <td align="right">Champagne-Ardenne </td> <td align="right">179,380 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a> </td> <td align="right">Lorraine </td> <td align="right">120,874 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mulhouse" title="Mulhouse">Mulhouse</a> </td> <td align="right">Alsace </td> <td align="right">106,341 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nancy,_France" title="Nancy, France">Nancy</a> </td> <td align="right">Lorraine </td> <td align="right">104,260 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Colmar" title="Colmar">Colmar</a> </td> <td align="right">Alsace </td> <td align="right">67,730 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Troyes" title="Troyes">Troyes</a> </td> <td align="right">Champagne-Ardenne </td> <td align="right">62,782 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Charleville-M%C3%A9zi%C3%A8res" title="Charleville-Mézières">Charleville-Mézières</a> </td> <td align="right">Champagne-Ardenne </td> <td align="right">46,398 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2lons-en-Champagne" title="Châlons-en-Champagne">Châlons-en-Champagne</a> </td> <td align="right">Champagne-Ardenne </td> <td align="right">43,877 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thionville" title="Thionville">Thionville</a> </td> <td align="right">Lorraine </td> <td align="right">42,163 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Haguenau" title="Haguenau">Haguenau</a> </td> <td align="right">Alsace </td> <td align="right">35,715 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Schiltigheim" title="Schiltigheim">Schiltigheim</a> </td> <td align="right">Alsace </td> <td align="right">34,129 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%89pinal" title="Épinal">Épinal</a> </td> <td align="right">Lorraine </td> <td align="right">31,832 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vand%C5%93uvre-l%C3%A8s-Nancy" title="Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy">Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy</a> </td> <td align="right">Lorraine </td> <td align="right">29,537 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Illkirch-Graffenstaden" title="Illkirch-Graffenstaden">Illkirch-Graffenstaden</a> </td> <td align="right">Alsace </td> <td align="right">27,118 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-Dizier" title="Saint-Dizier">Saint-Dizier</a> </td> <td align="right">Champagne-Ardenne </td> <td align="right">23,068 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-Louis_(Haut-Rhin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Louis (Haut-Rhin)">Saint-Louis</a> </td> <td align="right">Alsace </td> <td align="right">22,698 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%89pernay" title="Épernay">Épernay</a> </td> <td align="right">Champagne-Ardenne </td> <td align="right">22,001 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Montigny-l%C3%A8s-Metz" title="Montigny-lès-Metz">Montigny-lès-Metz</a> </td> <td align="right">Lorraine </td> <td align="right">21,854 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chaumont_(Haute-Marne)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaumont (Haute-Marne)">Chaumont</a> </td> <td align="right">Champagne-Ardenne </td> <td align="right">21,699 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Forbach" title="Forbach">Forbach</a> </td> <td align="right">Lorraine </td> <td align="right">21,130 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sarreguemines" title="Sarreguemines">Sarreguemines</a> </td> <td align="right">Lorraine </td> <td align="right">20,624 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lingolsheim" title="Lingolsheim">Lingolsheim</a> </td> <td align="right">Alsace </td> <td align="right">20,266 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable alternance"> <tbody><tr> <th>2021 Rank</th> <th>Department</th> <th>Legal Population in 2021</th> <th>Area (km²)</th> <th>Aroen (Pop./km²)</th> <th>INSEE Dept. No. </th></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>1</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Bas-Rhin" title="Bas-Rhin">Bas-Rhin</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7006115266200000000♠">1,152,662</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003475500000000000♠">4,755</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002242500000000000♠">242.5</span></td> <td>67 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Moselle_(d%C3%A9partement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moselle (département)">Moselle</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7006104994200000000♠">1,049,942</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003621600000000000♠">6,216</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002169000000000000♠">169</span></td> <td>57 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>3</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Haut-Rhin" title="Haut-Rhin">Haut-Rhin</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7005767083000000000♠">767,083</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003352500000000000♠">3,525</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002218000000000000♠">218</span></td> <td>68 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>4</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Meurthe-et-Moselle" title="Meurthe-et-Moselle">Meurthe-et-Moselle</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7005732486000000000♠">732,486</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003524600000000000♠">5,246</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002140000000000000♠">140</span></td> <td>54 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>5</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Marne_(department)" title="Marne (department)">Marne</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7005565292000000000♠">565,292</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003816200000000000♠">8,162</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001695000000000000♠">69.5</span></td> <td>51 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>6</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Vosges_(d%C3%A9partement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vosges (département)">Vosges</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7005360673000000000♠">360,673</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003587400000000000♠">5,874</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001615000000000000♠">61.5</span></td> <td>88 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>7</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Aube_(d%C3%A9partement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aube (département)">Aube</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7005311329000000000♠">311,329</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003600400000000000♠">6,004</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001520000000000000♠">52</span></td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>8</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ardennes_(d%C3%A9partement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardennes (département)">Ardennes</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7005268859000000000♠">268,859</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003522900000000000♠">5,229</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001515000000000000♠">51.5</span></td> <td>08 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>9</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Meuse_(d%C3%A9partement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Meuse (département)">Meuse</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7005181919000000000♠">181,919</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003621100000000000♠">6,211</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001295000000000000♠">29.5</span></td> <td>55 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>10</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Haute-Marne" title="Haute-Marne">Haute-Marne</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7005171042000000000♠">171,042</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003621100000000000♠">6,211</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001275000000000000♠">27.5</span></td> <td>52 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Est&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regional_council">Regional council</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Est&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Regional council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:S%C3%A9ance_pl%C3%A9ni%C3%A8re_inaugurale_conseil_r%C3%A9gion_ACAL_4_janvier_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/S%C3%A9ance_pl%C3%A9ni%C3%A8re_inaugurale_conseil_r%C3%A9gion_ACAL_4_janvier_2016.jpg/220px-S%C3%A9ance_pl%C3%A9ni%C3%A8re_inaugurale_conseil_r%C3%A9gion_ACAL_4_janvier_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/S%C3%A9ance_pl%C3%A9ni%C3%A8re_inaugurale_conseil_r%C3%A9gion_ACAL_4_janvier_2016.jpg/330px-S%C3%A9ance_pl%C3%A9ni%C3%A8re_inaugurale_conseil_r%C3%A9gion_ACAL_4_janvier_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/S%C3%A9ance_pl%C3%A9ni%C3%A8re_inaugurale_conseil_r%C3%A9gion_ACAL_4_janvier_2016.jpg/440px-S%C3%A9ance_pl%C3%A9ni%C3%A8re_inaugurale_conseil_r%C3%A9gion_ACAL_4_janvier_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2133" /></a><figcaption>Inaugural session of the new Regional council on 4 January 2016</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alsace_Regional_Council_headquarters_in_Strasbourg_January_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3b/Alsace_Regional_Council_headquarters_in_Strasbourg_January_2013.jpg/220px-Alsace_Regional_Council_headquarters_in_Strasbourg_January_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3b/Alsace_Regional_Council_headquarters_in_Strasbourg_January_2013.jpg/330px-Alsace_Regional_Council_headquarters_in_Strasbourg_January_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3b/Alsace_Regional_Council_headquarters_in_Strasbourg_January_2013.jpg/440px-Alsace_Regional_Council_headquarters_in_Strasbourg_January_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4117" data-file-height="1698" /></a><figcaption>The current headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Alsace_Regional_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Alsace Regional Council">Alsace Regional Council</a>, which serves as the headquarters of Grand Est's regional council</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Regional_council_(France)" title="Regional council (France)">Regional council (France)</a></div> <p>The regional council has limited administrative authority, mostly concerning the promotion of the region's economy and financing educational and cultural activities. The regional council has no legislative authority. The seat of the regional council will be <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a>. The regional council, <a href="/wiki/2015_French_regional_elections" title="2015 French regional elections">elected in December 2015</a>, is controlled by <a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">The Republicans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dec_2015_election_results_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dec_2015_election_results-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The elected inaugural president of the Grand Est Regional Council is <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Richert" title="Philippe Richert">Philippe Richert</a>, who was previously the President of the Alsace Regional Council.<sup id="cite_ref-Dec_2015_election_results_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dec_2015_election_results-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current president is <a href="/wiki/Jean_Rottner" title="Jean Rottner">Jean Rottner</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Est&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">gross domestic product</a> (GDP) of the region was 159.9 billion euros in 2018, accounting for 6.7% of French economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 25,400 euros or 84% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 101% of the EU average.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport_and_infrastructure">Transport and infrastructure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Est&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Transport and infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Grand_Est" title="Special:EditPage/Grand Est">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail_transport">Rail transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Est&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Rail transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The region has five tram networks: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg_tramway" title="Strasbourg tramway">Strasbourg tramway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reims_tramway" title="Reims tramway">Reims tramway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Guided_Light_Transit" title="Nancy Guided Light Transit">Nancy Guided Light Transit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulhouse_tramway" title="Mulhouse tramway">Mulhouse tramway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarbahn" title="Saarbahn">Saarbahn</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tram-train" title="Tram-train">Tram-train</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airports">Airports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Est&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Airports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The region has four airports: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EuroAirport_Basel_Mulhouse_Freiburg" title="EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg">EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2lons_Vatry_Airport" title="Châlons Vatry Airport">Châlons Vatry Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metz%E2%80%93Nancy%E2%80%93Lorraine_Airport" title="Metz–Nancy–Lorraine Airport">Metz Nancy Lorraine Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg_Airport" title="Strasbourg Airport">Strasbourg Airport</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motorways">Motorways</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Est&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Motorways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The region has eighteen motorways: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A4_autoroute" title="A4 autoroute">A4</a> Paris to Strasbourg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A5_motorway_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="A5 motorway (France)">A5</a> Paris to Langres</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A26_motorway_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="A26 motorway (France)">A26</a> Calais to Troyes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A30_motorway_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="A30 motorway (France)">A30</a> Uckange to Longwy in N52</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A31_motorway_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="A31 motorway (France)">A31</a> Beaune to Luxembourg in <a href="/wiki/A3_motorway_(Luxembourg)" title="A3 motorway (Luxembourg)">A3 motorway (Luxembourg)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A33_motorway_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="A33 motorway (France)">A33</a> Nancy to Phalsbourg in <a href="/wiki/N4_road_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="N4 road (France)">N4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A34_motorway_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="A34 motorway (France)">A34</a> Reims to Sedan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A35_motorway_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="A35 motorway (France)">A35</a> Strasbourg to Basel</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A36_road" title="A36 road">A36</a> Beaune to Mulhouse</li> <li>A304 project in city of Charleville-Mézières</li> <li>A313 in city of Pont-à-Mousson</li> <li>A314 and A315 in city of Metz</li> <li>A320 in city of Forbach</li> <li>A330 in city of Nancy</li> <li>A340 Brumath to Haguenau in D1340</li> <li>A344 in city of Reims</li> <li>A351 in city of Strasbourg</li> <li>A352 Molsheim to Schirmeck in D1420</li></ul> <p>The region has twelve cities that have <a href="/wiki/Ring_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Ring Road">ring roads</a>: </p> <ul><li>Strasbourg</li> <li>Reims</li> <li>Metz</li> <li>Nancy</li> <li>Mulhouse</li> <li>Troyes</li> <li>Châlons-en-Champagne</li> <li>Épinal</li> <li>Colmar</li> <li>Thionville</li> <li>Longwy</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Heritage">Heritage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Est&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Heritage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grand_Est&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2016</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thann_Saint-Thi%C3%A9baut_Westportal_372.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Thann_Saint-Thi%C3%A9baut_Westportal_372.jpg/170px-Thann_Saint-Thi%C3%A9baut_Westportal_372.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Thann_Saint-Thi%C3%A9baut_Westportal_372.jpg/255px-Thann_Saint-Thi%C3%A9baut_Westportal_372.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Thann_Saint-Thi%C3%A9baut_Westportal_372.jpg/340px-Thann_Saint-Thi%C3%A9baut_Westportal_372.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3224" data-file-height="4836" /></a><figcaption>West portal of St Theobald's Church of Thann, a masterpiece of late 14th-century sculpture and architecture.</figcaption></figure> <p>Grand Est is rich with architectural monuments from the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> to the early 21st century. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic architecture</a> is particularly conspicuous, with many famous <a href="/wiki/Cathedral" title="Cathedral">cathedrals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basilica" title="Basilica">basilicas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">churches</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Reims_Cathedral" title="Reims Cathedral">Reims Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg_Cathedral" title="Strasbourg Cathedral">Strasbourg Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metz_Cathedral" title="Metz Cathedral">Metz Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Troyes_Cathedral" title="Troyes Cathedral">Troyes Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2lons_Cathedral" title="Châlons Cathedral">Châlons Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toul_Cathedral" title="Toul Cathedral">Toul Cathedral</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_l%27%C3%89pine" title="Notre-Dame de l'Épine">Basilica of L'Épine</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Saint-Nicolas,_Saint-Nicolas-de-Port" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Nicolas, Saint-Nicolas-de-Port">Basilica of Saint-Nicolas-de-Port</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Basilica_of_Notre-Dame,_Avioth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basilica of Notre-Dame, Avioth (page does not exist)">Basilica of Notre-Dame, Avioth</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilique_Notre-Dame_d%27Avioth" class="extiw" title="fr:Basilique Notre-Dame d'Avioth">fr</a>]</span>, the <a href="/wiki/Basilique_Saint-Urbain_de_Troyes" title="Basilique Saint-Urbain de Troyes">Basilica of St. Urbain in Troyes</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Theobald%27s_Church,_Thann" title="St Theobald's Church, Thann">Thann Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niederhaslach_Church" title="Niederhaslach Church">Niederhaslach Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-en-Vaux" title="Notre-Dame-en-Vaux">Notre-Dame-en-Vaux</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._George%27s_Church,_S%C3%A9lestat" title="St. George's Church, Sélestat">St. George's Church, Sélestat</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Peter_and_St._Paul%27s_Church,_Wissembourg" title="St. Peter and St. Paul's Church, Wissembourg">St. Peter and St. Paul's Church, Wissembourg</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Est&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine" title="Lorraine">Lorraine</a> (region)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alsace-Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Alsace-Lorraine">Alsace-Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champagne_(province)" title="Champagne (province)">Champagne (historical province)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardennes" title="Ardennes">Ardenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champagne-Ardenne" title="Champagne-Ardenne">Champagne-Ardenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">Regions of France</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Est&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The name <i>Alsace-Champagne-Ardenne-Lorraine</i> was created by hyphenating the merged regions' names in alphabetical order; the <a href="/wiki/Regional_council_(France)" title="Regional council (France)">regional council</a> had to approve a new name for the region by 1 July 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-Region_reform_law:_article_about_name_and_capital_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Region_reform_law:_article_about_name_and_capital-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> France's <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Conseil_d%27%C3%89tat_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conseil d'État (France)">Conseil d'État</a></span></span> approved Grand Est as the new name of the region on 28 September 2016, effective 30 September 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-Decree_confirming_new_region_name_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Decree_confirming_new_region_name-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Est&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-popleg2021-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-popleg2021_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/7739582">"Téléchargement du fichier d'ensemble des populations légales en 2021"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies</a>. 28 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T%C3%A9l%C3%A9chargement+du+fichier+d%27ensemble+des+populations+l%C3%A9gales+en+2021&rft.pub=The+National+Institute+of+Statistics+and+Economic+Studies&rft.date=2023-12-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F7739582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Est" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tgs00003/default/table?lang=en">"EU regions by GDP, Eurostat"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EU+regions+by+GDP%2C+Eurostat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdatabrowser%2Fview%2Ftgs00003%2Fdefault%2Ftable%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Est" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2016/04/29/97001-20160429FILWWW00180-grand-est-les-elus-valident-le-nom-de-region.php">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Grand Est": les élus valident le nom de région"</a>. <i>Le Figaro</i> (in French). 29 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=%22Grand+Est%22%3A+les+%C3%A9lus+valident+le+nom+de+r%C3%A9gion&rft.date=2016-04-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fflash-actu%2F2016%2F04%2F29%2F97001-20160429FILWWW00180-grand-est-les-elus-valident-le-nom-de-region.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Est" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/Alsatian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Alsatian language">Alsatian</a>: <i lang="gsw-FR">Grossa Oschta</i>; <a href="/wiki/Moselle_Franconian" class="mw-redirect" title="Moselle Franconian">Moselle Franconian</a>/<a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourgish language">Luxembourgish</a>: <i lang="lb">Grouss Osten</i>; <a href="/wiki/Rhine_Franconian" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhine Franconian">Rhine Franconian</a>: <i>Groß Oschte</i>; <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Großer Osten</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈɡʁoːsɐ<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈʔɔstn̩]</a></span>;</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDupuis-Remond2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dupuis-Remond, Dupuis-Remond (18 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/lorraine/2014/12/18/debat-d-orientation-budgetaire-la-grande-region-alca-dans-tous-les-esprits-616060.html">"Débat d'orientation budgétaire : la Grande Région ALCA dans tous les esprits – France 3 Lorraine"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/France_3" title="France 3">France 3</a></i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+3&rft.atitle=D%C3%A9bat+d%27orientation+budg%C3%A9taire+%3A+la+Grande+R%C3%A9gion+ALCA+dans+tous+les+esprits+%E2%80%93+France+3+Lorraine&rft.date=2014-12-18&rft.aulast=Dupuis-Remond&rft.aufirst=Dupuis-Remond&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffrance3-regions.francetvinfo.fr%2Florraine%2F2014%2F12%2F18%2Fdebat-d-orientation-budgetaire-la-grande-region-alca-dans-tous-les-esprits-616060.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Est" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2014/12/17/la-carte-a-13-regions-definitivement-adoptee_4542278_823448.html">"La carte à 13 régions définitivement adoptée"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a>. 17 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=La+carte+%C3%A0+13+r%C3%A9gions+d%C3%A9finitivement+adopt%C3%A9e&rft.date=2014-12-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fpolitique%2Farticle%2F2014%2F12%2F17%2Fla-carte-a-13-regions-definitivement-adoptee_4542278_823448.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Est" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Region_reform_law:_article_about_name_and_capital-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Region_reform_law:_article_about_name_and_capital_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Region_reform_law:_article_about_name_and_capital_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Region_reform_law:_article_about_name_and_capital_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Region_reform_law:_article_about_name_and_capital_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do;jsessionid=9FECBA9D9314D1D2C093CF793C886ED5.tpdila21v_1?idSectionTA=JORFSCTA000030109623&cidTexte=JORFTEXT000030109622&dateTexte=29990101"><i>Loi n° 2015–29 du 16 janvier 2015 relative à la délimitation des régions, aux élections régionales et départementales et modifiant le calendrier électoral</i>, article 2(I)</a></span> (in French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Decree_confirming_new_region_name-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Decree_confirming_new_region_name_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Decree_confirming_new_region_name_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000033161418&dateTexte=&categorieLien=id"><i>Décret n° 2016-1262 du 28 septembre 2016 portant fixation du nom de la région Grand Est</i></a></span> (in French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sudouest.fr/2014/12/04/quel-nom-pour-la-nouvelle-region-vous-avez-choisi-1755244-6058.php">Quel nom pour la nouvelle région ? Vous avez choisi...</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sud-Ouest_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sud-Ouest (newspaper)">Sud-Ouest</a>, 4 December 2014. Retrieved 2 January 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DNA-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DNA_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dna.fr/politique/2014/12/07/cette-region-que-l-alsace-ne-veut-pas-baptiser">"Cette région que l'Alsace ne veut pas baptiser"</a>. <i>Dernières Nouvelles d'Alsace</i> (in French). 7 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Derni%C3%A8res+Nouvelles+d%27Alsace&rft.atitle=Cette+r%C3%A9gion+que+l%27Alsace+ne+veut+pas+baptiser&rft.date=2014-12-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dna.fr%2Fpolitique%2F2014%2F12%2F07%2Fcette-region-que-l-alsace-ne-veut-pas-baptiser&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Est" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-F3_names-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-F3_names_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-F3_names_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-F3_names_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/champagne-ardenne/2014/11/24/votez-pour-le-nom-de-la-future-grande-region-champagne-ardenne-lorraine-alsace-599160.html">"Votez pour le nom de la future grande région Champagne-Ardenne – Lorraine – Alsace"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/France_3" title="France 3">France 3</a> Champagne-Ardenne</i> (in French). France Télévisions. 24 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France+3+Champagne-Ardenne&rft.atitle=Votez+pour+le+nom+de+la+future+grande+r%C3%A9gion+Champagne-Ardenne+%E2%80%93+Lorraine+%E2%80%93+Alsace&rft.date=2014-11-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffrance3-regions.francetvinfo.fr%2Fchampagne-ardenne%2F2014%2F11%2F24%2Fvotez-pour-le-nom-de-la-future-grande-region-champagne-ardenne-lorraine-alsace-599160.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Est" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ER:_Names-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ER:_Names_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ER:_Names_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estrepublicain.fr/actualite/2014/12/02/reforme-territoriale-alsace-lorraine-champagne-ardenne-proposez-un-nom-pour-la-grande-region">"Choisissez un nom pour la Grande Région"</a>. <i>L'Est Républicain</i> (in French). 2 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L%27Est+R%C3%A9publicain&rft.atitle=Choisissez+un+nom+pour+la+Grande+R%C3%A9gion&rft.date=2014-12-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.estrepublicain.fr%2Factualite%2F2014%2F12%2F02%2Freforme-territoriale-alsace-lorraine-champagne-ardenne-proposez-un-nom-pour-la-grande-region&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Est" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DNA:_name_July_2015-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DNA:_name_July_2015_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBach2015" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bach, Christian (21 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dna.fr/actualite/2015/07/21/politique">"Région Alsace-Lorraine-Champagne-Ardenne : le nom de la chose..."</a> <i>Derniers nouvelles d'Alsace</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Derniers+nouvelles+d%27Alsace&rft.atitle=R%C3%A9gion+Alsace-Lorraine-Champagne-Ardenne+%3A+le+nom+de+la+chose...&rft.date=2015-06-21&rft.aulast=Bach&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dna.fr%2Factualite%2F2015%2F07%2F21%2Fpolitique&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Est" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaldit2015" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Baldit, Etienne (21 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lelab.europe1.fr/philippot-refuse-le-nom-grand-est-europe-pour-sa-region-et-pourquoi-pas-roumanie-1369616">"Philippot refuse le nom 'Grand Est Europe' pour sa région : "Et pourquoi pas 'Roumanie' ?"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Europe 1</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Europe+1&rft.atitle=Philippot+refuse+le+nom+%27Grand+Est+Europe%27+pour+sa+r%C3%A9gion+%3A+%22Et+pourquoi+pas+%27Roumanie%27+%3F%22&rft.date=2015-07-21&rft.aulast=Baldit&rft.aufirst=Etienne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flelab.europe1.fr%2Fphilippot-refuse-le-nom-grand-est-europe-pour-sa-region-et-pourquoi-pas-roumanie-1369616&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Est" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-German_states-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-German_states_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saarland" title="Saarland">Saarland</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Swiss_cantons-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Swiss_cantons_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cantons of <a href="/wiki/Basel-Landschaft" title="Basel-Landschaft">Basel-Landschaft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basel-Stadt" title="Basel-Stadt">Basel-Stadt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Jura" title="Canton of Jura">Jura</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Solothurn" title="Canton of Solothurn">Solothurn</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2014/12/17/la-carte-a-13-regions-definitivement-adoptee_4542278_823448.html">"La carte à 13 régions définitivement adoptée"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i> (in French). 17 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=La+carte+%C3%A0+13+r%C3%A9gions+d%C3%A9finitivement+adopt%C3%A9e&rft.date=2014-12-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fpolitique%2Farticle%2F2014%2F12%2F17%2Fla-carte-a-13-regions-definitivement-adoptee_4542278_823448.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Est" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://c.lalsace.fr/actualite/2018/02/21/le-malaise-alsacien-ne-decroit-pas">"Le malaise Alsacien ne décroit pas"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Alsace" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Alsace">L'Alsace</a></i> (in French). 21 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L%27Alsace&rft.atitle=Le+malaise+Alsacien+ne+d%C3%A9croit+pas&rft.date=2018-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fc.lalsace.fr%2Factualite%2F2018%2F02%2F21%2Fle-malaise-alsacien-ne-decroit-pas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Est" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/politique/philippe-richert-le-fossoyeur-de-l-alsace-demissionne_1948113.html">"Grand Est: Philippe Richert, le "fossoyeur" de l'Alsace, démissionne"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Express" title="L'Express">L'Express</a></i> (in French). 30 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L%27Express&rft.atitle=Grand+Est%3A+Philippe+Richert%2C+le+%22fossoyeur%22+de+l%27Alsace%2C+d%C3%A9missionne&rft.date=2017-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexpress.fr%2Factualite%2Fpolitique%2Fphilippe-richert-le-fossoyeur-de-l-alsace-demissionne_1948113.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Est" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2014/11/20/strasbourg-sera-la-capitale-de-la-future-region-alsace-champagne-ardenne-lorraine_4526695_823448.html">"Strasbourg sera la capitale de la future région Alsace-Champagne-Ardenne-Lorraine"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i> (in French). 20 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2015</span>. <q>[Members of the National Assembly] decided Thursday, 20 November to designate in advance Strasbourg as the capital of the future region Alsace-Champagne-Ardenne-Lorraine in a gesture to appease the Alsatian politicians. (From French: Les députés ont décidé jeudi 20 novembre de désigner par avance Strasbourg comme capitale de la future grande région Alsace-Champagne-Ardenne-Lorraine dans un geste d'apaisement vis-à-vis des élus alsaciens.)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Strasbourg+sera+la+capitale+de+la+future+r%C3%A9gion+Alsace-Champagne-Ardenne-Lorraine&rft.date=2014-11-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fpolitique%2Farticle%2F2014%2F11%2F20%2Fstrasbourg-sera-la-capitale-de-la-future-region-alsace-champagne-ardenne-lorraine_4526695_823448.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Est" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-population_2021-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-population_2021_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/7734153/Popleg2021_GRAND%20EST.pdf">"POPULATIONS LÉGALES 2021 Grand Est"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. insee.fr<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=POPULATIONS+L%C3%89GALES+2021+Grand+Est&rft.pub=insee.fr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2Ffichier%2F7734153%2FPopleg2021_GRAND%2520EST.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Est" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dec_2015_election_results-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dec_2015_election_results_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dec_2015_election_results_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elections.interieur.gouv.fr/regionales-2015/44/44.html">"Alsace – Champagne-Ardenne – Lorraine: Nouveau Conseil Régional"</a>. <i>Élections régionales et des assemblées de Corse, Guyane et Martinique 2015</i>. Ministre de l’Intérieur<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%C3%89lections+r%C3%A9gionales+et+des+assembl%C3%A9es+de+Corse%2C+Guyane+et+Martinique+2015&rft.atitle=Alsace+%E2%80%93+Champagne-Ardenne+%E2%80%93+Lorraine%3A+Nouveau+Conseil+R%C3%A9gional&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felections.interieur.gouv.fr%2Fregionales-2015%2F44%2F44.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Est" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/10474907/1-05032020-AP-EN.pdf/81807e19-e4c8-2e53-c98a-933f5bf30f58">"Regional GDP per capita ranged from 30% to 263% of the EU average in 2018"</a>. <i>Eurostat</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurostat&rft.atitle=Regional+GDP+per+capita+ranged+from+30%25+to+263%25+of+the+EU+average+in+2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdocuments%2F2995521%2F10474907%2F1-05032020-AP-EN.pdf%2F81807e19-e4c8-2e53-c98a-933f5bf30f58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Est" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Est&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Grand-Est#Q18677983" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Grand-Est">Grand-Est</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grandest.fr/">Official Website</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150108143508/http://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/lorraine/fusion-alsace-lorraine">Merger of the regions – France 3</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Alsace_topics_border&#124;25px&#124;class=noviewer" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alsace_topics" title="Template:Alsace topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alsace_topics" title="Template talk:Alsace topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alsace_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alsace topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Alsace_topics_border&#124;25px&#124;class=noviewer" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Alsace.svg/23px-Flag_of_Alsace.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Alsace.svg/35px-Flag_of_Alsace.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Alsace.svg/45px-Flag_of_Alsace.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a> topics <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Alsace_(historical).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Alsace_%28historical%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_Alsace_%28historical%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Alsace_%28historical%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_Alsace_%28historical%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Alsace_%28historical%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Alsace_%28historical%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="825" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alsace#Administrative_divisions" title="Alsace">Administrative<br />divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bas-Rhin" title="Bas-Rhin">Bas-Rhin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a>) <i>(<a href="/wiki/Unterelsa%C3%9F" title="Unterelsaß">Unterelsaß</a>)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Haguenau-Wissembourg" title="Arrondissement of Haguenau-Wissembourg">Arrondissement of Haguenau-Wissembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Molsheim" title="Arrondissement of Molsheim">Arrondissement of Molsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Saverne" title="Arrondissement of Saverne">Arrondissement of Saverne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_S%C3%A9lestat-Erstein" title="Arrondissement of Sélestat-Erstein">Arrondissement of Sélestat-Erstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Strasbourg" title="Arrondissement of Strasbourg">Arrondissement of Strasbourg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Haut-Rhin" title="Haut-Rhin">Haut-Rhin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Colmar" title="Colmar">Colmar</a>) <i>(<a href="/wiki/Oberelsa%C3%9F" title="Oberelsaß">Oberelsaß</a>)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Altkirch" title="Arrondissement of Altkirch">Arrondissement of Altkirch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Colmar-Ribeauvill%C3%A9" title="Arrondissement of Colmar-Ribeauvillé">Arrondissement of Colmar-Ribeauvillé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Mulhouse" title="Arrondissement of Mulhouse">Arrondissement of Mulhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Thann-Guebwiller" title="Arrondissement of Thann-Guebwiller">Arrondissement of Thann-Guebwiller</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Alsace" title="Coat of arms of Alsace"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/BlasonAlsace.svg/100px-BlasonAlsace.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/BlasonAlsace.svg/150px-BlasonAlsace.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/BlasonAlsace.svg/200px-BlasonAlsace.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Alsace" title="Coat of arms of Alsace"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arms_of_Alsace_%281663%29.svg/100px-Arms_of_Alsace_%281663%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arms_of_Alsace_%281663%29.svg/150px-Arms_of_Alsace_%281663%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arms_of_Alsace_%281663%29.svg/200px-Arms_of_Alsace_%281663%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1340" data-file-height="1655" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alsatian_dialect" title="Alsatian dialect">Alsatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alsace#Culture" title="Alsace">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Alsace" title="Coat of arms of Alsace">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Alsace" title="Flag of Alsace">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Els%C3%A4ssisches_Fahnenlied" title="Elsässisches Fahnenlied">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Alsatians_and_Lotharingians#Alsatians" title="List of Alsatians and Lotharingians">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alsace#Demographics" title="Alsace">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelsch_d%27Alsace" title="Kelsch d'Alsace">Kelsch</a></li> <li><i>Musée alsacien</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_alsacien_(Haguenau)" title="Musée alsacien (Haguenau)">Hagenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_alsacien_(Strasbourg)" title="Musée alsacien (Strasbourg)">Strasbourg</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regional_council_of_Alsace" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional council of Alsace">Regional council of Alsace</a> (1982–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alsace_independence_movement" title="Alsace independence movement">Alsace independence movement</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Grand Est</a> (since 2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Collectivity_of_Alsace" title="European Collectivity of Alsace">European Collectivity of Alsace</a> (since 2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Alsace" title="Assembly of Alsace">Assembly of Alsace</a> (since 2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alsace#Religion" title="Alsace">Religion</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Local_law_in_Alsace%E2%80%93Moselle" title="Local law in Alsace–Moselle">according</a> to the<br />1801 <a href="/wiki/Concordat_in_Alsace%E2%80%93Moselle" title="Concordat in Alsace–Moselle">Concordat in<br />Alsace–Moselle</a>, <br /><i>including <a href="/wiki/Lorraine" title="Lorraine">Lorraine</a></i>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Strasbourg" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Strasbourg">Archdiocese of Strasbourg</a></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Exemption_(canon_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Exemption (canon law)">Immediately subject</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a></small> <ul><li><i>(<a href="/wiki/Lorraine" title="Lorraine">Lorraine</a>: <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Metz" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Metz">Diocese of Metz</a>)</i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Protestant_Churches_of_Alsace_and_Lorraine" title="Union of Protestant Churches of Alsace and Lorraine">Union of Protestant Churches of Alsace and Lorraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_of_the_Augsburg_Confession_of_Alsace_and_Lorraine" title="Protestant Church of the Augsburg Confession of Alsace and Lorraine">Protestant Church of the Augsburg Confession of Alsace and Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformed_Church_of_Alsace_and_Lorraine" title="Protestant Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine">Protestant Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Judaism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Alsace" title="History of the Jews in Alsace">History of the Jews in Alsace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consistory_(Judaism)" title="Consistory (Judaism)">consistories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sport_in_Grand_Est" title="Category:Sport in Grand Est">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RC_Strasbourg_Alsace" title="RC Strasbourg Alsace">RC Strasbourg Alsace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIG_Strasbourg" title="SIG Strasbourg">SIG Strasbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SC_Schiltigheim" title="SC Schiltigheim">SC Schiltigheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FC_S%C3%A9lestat" title="FC Sélestat">FC Sélestat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9lestat_Alsace_Handball" title="Sélestat Alsace Handball">Sélestat Alsace Handball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FC_Vendenheim" title="FC Vendenheim">FC Vendenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89toile_Noire_de_Strasbourg" title="Étoile Noire de Strasbourg">Étoile Noire de Strasbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationaux_de_Strasbourg" title="Internationaux de Strasbourg">Internationaux de Strasbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rallye_de_France_Alsace" title="Rallye de France Alsace">Rallye de France Alsace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rallye_Alsace-Vosges" title="Rallye Alsace-Vosges">Rallye Alsace-Vosges</a></li></ul></li> <li>See also: <i><a href="/wiki/Alsace_de_Bagnolet" title="Alsace de Bagnolet">Alsace de Bagnolet</a></i> (Paris)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alsace#History" title="Alsace">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germania_Superior" title="Germania Superior">Germania Superior</a> (<i>Pagus Alsatiae</i>) (83–475) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentoratum" title="Argentoratum">Argentoratum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Route_Romane_d%27Alsace" title="Route Romane d'Alsace">Route Romane d'Alsace</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alemanni" title="Alemanni">Alemanni</a> (circa 213–496)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alamannia" title="Alamannia">Alamannia</a> (3rd-century–911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Alsace" title="Duchy of Alsace">Duchy of Alsace</a> (circa 630–699)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Strasbourg" title="Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg">Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg</a> (982–1803)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Ferrette" title="County of Ferrette">County of Ferrette</a> (11th-century–14th-century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salm_(state)" title="Salm (state)">Salm</a> (1165−1793)</li> <li>Landgraviate of Alsace (1186–1646) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Alsace" title="Lower Alsace">Lower Alsace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Alsace" title="Upper Alsace">Upper Alsace</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Further_Austria" title="Further Austria">Further Austria</a> (13th-century–1648)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9capole" title="Décapole">Décapole</a> (1354–1679)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanau-Lichtenberg" title="Hanau-Lichtenberg">County of Hanau-Lichtenberg</a> (1456–1736)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Rhenish_Circle" title="Upper Rhenish Circle">Upper Rhenish Circle</a> (1500-1679)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_Bank_of_the_Rhine" title="Left Bank of the Rhine">Left Bank of the Rhine</a> (1814-1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alsace%E2%80%93Lorraine" title="Alsace–Lorraine">Imperial Territory of Alsace-Lorraine</a> (1871–1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Baden" title="Gau Baden">Gau Baden-Elsaß</a> (1940–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a> (1945–2016)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Grand Est</a> (2016–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Lorraine_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:khaki;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lorraine_topics" title="Template:Lorraine topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lorraine_topics" title="Template talk:Lorraine topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lorraine_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lorraine topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Lorraine_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_Lorraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lorraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_Lorraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lorraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_Lorraine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lorraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="216" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lorraine" title="Lorraine">Lorraine</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:khaki;">Departments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:khaki;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Meurthe-et-Moselle" title="Meurthe-et-Moselle">Meurthe-et-Moselle</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Nancy,_France" title="Nancy, France">Nancy</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Briey" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrondissement of Briey">Arrondissement of Briey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Lun%C3%A9ville" title="Arrondissement of Lunéville">Arrondissement of Lunéville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Nancy" title="Arrondissement of Nancy">Arrondissement of Nancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Toul" title="Arrondissement of Toul">Arrondissement of Toul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:khaki;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Meuse_(department)" title="Meuse (department)">Meuse</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bar-le-Duc" title="Bar-le-Duc">Bar-le-Duc</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Bar-le-Duc" title="Arrondissement of Bar-le-Duc">Arrondissement of Bar-le-Duc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Commercy" title="Arrondissement of Commercy">Arrondissement of Commercy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Verdun" title="Arrondissement of Verdun">Arrondissement of Verdun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:khaki;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Moselle_(department)" title="Moselle (department)">Moselle</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Forbach-Boulay-Moselle" title="Arrondissement of Forbach-Boulay-Moselle">Arrondissement of Forbach-Boulay-Moselle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Metz" title="Arrondissement of Metz">Arrondissement of Metz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Sarrebourg-Ch%C3%A2teau-Salins" title="Arrondissement of Sarrebourg-Château-Salins">Arrondissement of Sarrebourg-Château-Salins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Sarreguemines" title="Arrondissement of Sarreguemines">Arrondissement of Sarreguemines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Thionville" title="Arrondissement of Thionville">Arrondissement of Thionville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:khaki;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vosges_(department)" title="Vosges (department)">Vosges</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/%C3%89pinal" title="Épinal">Épinal</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_%C3%89pinal" title="Arrondissement of Épinal">Arrondissement of Épinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Neufch%C3%A2teau,_Vosges" title="Arrondissement of Neufchâteau, Vosges">Arrondissement of Neufchâteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Saint-Di%C3%A9-des-Vosges" title="Arrondissement of Saint-Dié-des-Vosges">Arrondissement of Saint-Dié</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Lorraine" title="Coat of arms of Lorraine"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Arms_of_Lorraine.svg/100px-Arms_of_Lorraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Arms_of_Lorraine.svg/150px-Arms_of_Lorraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Arms_of_Lorraine.svg/200px-Arms_of_Lorraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:khaki;"><a href="/wiki/Lorraine#Language_and_culture" title="Lorraine">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coat_of_arms_of_Lorraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coat of arms of Lorraine (page does not exist)">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Lorraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Lorraine (page does not exist)">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Lorraine" title="Cross of Lorraine">Symbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Alsatians_and_Lotharingians" title="List of Alsatians and Lotharingians">People</a></li> <li>Languages <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Franconian" title="Lorraine Franconian">Franconian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lorrain_language" title="Lorrain language">Lorrain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alsatian_dialect" title="Alsatian dialect">Alsatian</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine#Demographics" title="Lorraine">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine#Religion" title="Lorraine">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:khaki;">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FC_Metz" title="FC Metz">FC Metz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FC_Metz_(women)" title="FC Metz (women)">FC Metz (women)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AS_Nancy" class="mw-redirect" title="AS Nancy">AS Nancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAS_%C3%89pinal" title="SAS Épinal">SAS Épinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_Raon-l%27%C3%89tape" title="US Raon-l'Étape">US Raon-l'Étape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLUC_Nancy_Basket" title="SLUC Nancy Basket">SLUC Nancy Basket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metz_Handball" title="Metz Handball">Metz Handball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASPTT_Nancy_(water_polo)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASPTT Nancy (water polo)">ASPTT Nancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamyo_d%27%C3%89pinal" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamyo d'Épinal">Gamyo d'Épinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rallye_Alsace-Vosges" title="Rallye Alsace-Vosges">Rallye Alsace-Vosges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Open" title="Lorraine Open">Lorraine Open</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:khaki;"><a href="/wiki/Lorraine#History" title="Lorraine">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Belgica" title="Gallia Belgica">Gallia Belgica</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mediomatrici" title="Mediomatrici">Mediomatrici</a> & <a href="/wiki/Leuci" title="Leuci">Leuci</a>) (22 BC–5th-century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alemanni" title="Alemanni">Alemanni</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ripuarian_Franks" title="Ripuarian Franks">Ripuarian Franks</a> (5th-century–511)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrasia" title="Austrasia">Austrasia</a> (511–751)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Empire" title="Carolingian Empire">Carolingian Empire</a> (751–843)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Francia" title="Middle Francia">Middle Francia</a> (843–855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotharingia" title="Lotharingia">Lotharingia</a> (855–959)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Lorraine" title="Duchy of Lorraine">Duchy of Lorraine</a> (959–1766)</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bar" title="Duchy of Bar">Duchy of Bar</a> (circa 950-1766)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Bishoprics" title="Three Bishoprics">Three Bishoprics</a> (1552-1790)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_and_Barrois" title="Lorraine and Barrois">Lorraine and Barrois</a> (1766–1790)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezirk_Lothringen" class="mw-redirect" title="Bezirk Lothringen">Bezirk Lothringen</a> (1871–1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CdZ-Gebiet_Lothringen" class="mw-redirect" title="CdZ-Gebiet Lothringen">CdZ-Gebiet Lothringen</a> (1940–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine" title="Lorraine">Lorraine</a> (1945–2016)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Grand Est</a> (2016–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_regions_of_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regions_of_France" title="Template:Regions of France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regions_of_France" title="Template talk:Regions of France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regions_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regions of France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_regions_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">Administrative regions</a> of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current (since 2016)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgogne-Franche-Comt%C3%A9" title="Bourgogne-Franche-Comté">Bourgogne-Franche-Comté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brittany_(administrative_region)" title="Brittany (administrative region)">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre-Val_de_Loire" title="Centre-Val de Loire">Centre-Val de Loire</a> (Centre Region until 2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Grand Est</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-France" title="Hauts-de-France">Hauts-de-France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normandy_(administrative_region)" title="Normandy (administrative region)">Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle-Aquitaine" title="Nouvelle-Aquitaine">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitania_(administrative_region)" title="Occitania (administrative region)">Occitania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pays_de_la_Loire" title="Pays de la Loire">Pays de la Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" title="Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former (1982–2015)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquitaine" title="Aquitaine">Aquitaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auvergne_(administrative_region)" title="Auvergne (administrative region)">Auvergne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgundy" title="Burgundy">Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champagne-Ardenne" title="Champagne-Ardenne">Champagne-Ardenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franche-Comt%C3%A9" title="Franche-Comté">Franche-Comté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon">Languedoc-Roussillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limousin" title="Limousin">Limousin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine" title="Lorraine">Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Normandy" title="Lower Normandy">Lower Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midi-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es" title="Midi-Pyrénées">Midi-Pyrénées</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nord-Pas-de-Calais" title="Nord-Pas-de-Calais">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picardy" title="Picardy">Picardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poitou-Charentes" title="Poitou-Charentes">Poitou-Charentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Rhône-Alpes">Rhône-Alpes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Normandy" title="Upper Normandy">Upper Normandy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas regions">Overseas regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_regions_of_France" title="Flags of the regions of France">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranked_list_of_French_regions" title="Ranked list of French regions">Ranked by area/population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_regions_and_overseas_collectivities_by_GDP" title="List of French regions and overseas collectivities by GDP">by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_regions_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of French regions by Human Development Index">by HDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_council_(France)" title="Regional council (France)">Regional councils</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18677983#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18677983#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18677983#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/315170666">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1905705/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJc7W3GqwbyTBpWgGmwQv3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1151163252">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2006000352">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb17023112j">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb17023112j">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Grand Est (Francie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge1085029&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007542343305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/7ced1904-076d-4627-b6cf-a4a48b361a7d">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/19789643X">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Grand_Est&params=48.7544_N_5.8517_E_source:wikidata"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°45′16″N</span> <span class="longitude">5°51′06″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.7544°N 5.8517°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.7544; 5.8517</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grand_Est&oldid=1251507087">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grand_Est&oldid=1251507087</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grand_Est" title="Category:Grand Est">Grand Est</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Regions_of_France" title="Category:Regions of France">Regions of France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2016_establishments_in_France" title="Category:2016 establishments in France">2016 establishments in France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_established_in_2016" title="Category:States and territories established in 2016">States and territories established in 2016</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Alsatian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Alsatian-language text">Articles containing Alsatian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Luxembourgish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Luxembourgish-language text">Articles containing Luxembourgish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_German_IPA" title="Category:Pages with German IPA">Pages with German IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_January_2018" title="Category:Use dmy dates from January 2018">Use dmy dates from January 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_January_2018" title="Category:Use British English from January 2018">Use British English from January 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Alemannic_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Alemannic German-language text">Articles containing Alemannic German-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_settlement_with_no_coordinates" title="Category:Pages using infobox settlement with no coordinates">Pages using infobox settlement with no coordinates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_French_IPA" title="Category:Pages with French IPA">Pages with French IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations" title="Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations">Pages including recorded pronunciations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_explicitly_cited_English-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text">Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_December_2021" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from December 2021">Articles needing additional references from December 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_January_2016" title="Category:Articles to be expanded from January 2016">Articles to be expanded from January 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_expanded" title="Category:All articles to be expanded">All articles to be expanded</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:Articles with French-language sources (fr)">Articles with French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 October 2024, at 14:12<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grand_Est&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.canary-84779d6bf6-nb2j4","wgBackendResponseTime":135,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.946","walltime":"1.191","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8037,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":178978,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":12519,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":29,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":15,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":115355,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":2,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1021.355 1 -total"," 45.54% 465.084 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 40.43% 412.936 1 Template:Infobox"," 19.00% 194.108 3 Template:France_metadata_Wikidata"," 18.88% 192.787 6 Template:Wikidata"," 9.77% 99.772 2 Template:Reflist"," 8.65% 88.373 6 Template:Navbox"," 7.59% 77.569 1 Template:Resize"," 7.44% 75.987 2 Template:Native_name"," 7.14% 72.959 1 Template:Alsace_topics"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.577","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":20453612,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-jvw68","timestamp":"20241122150037","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Grand Est","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grand_Est","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q18677983","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q18677983","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2015-01-13T01:25:36Z","dateModified":"2024-10-16T14:12:47Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/9c\/Ch%C3%A2teau_du_Haut-K%C5%93nigsbourg%2C_Alsace.jpg","headline":"administrative region of France"}</script> </body> </html>