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class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-顧炎武" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#顧炎武"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>顧炎武</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-顧炎武-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-張爾岐" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#張爾岐"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>張爾岐</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-張爾岐-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关張爾岐子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-張爾岐-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-馬驌" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#馬驌"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>馬驌</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-馬驌-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-萬斯大" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#萬斯大"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>萬斯大</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-萬斯大-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关萬斯大子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-萬斯大-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-兄_斯選" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#兄_斯選"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>兄斯選</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-兄_斯選-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-子_經" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#子_經"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>子經</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-子_經-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-從子_言" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#從子_言"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>從子言</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-從子_言-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-胡渭" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#胡渭"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>胡渭</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-胡渭-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关胡渭子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-胡渭-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-子_彥昇" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#子_彥昇"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>子彥昇</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-子_彥昇-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-同郡_葉佩蓀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#同郡_葉佩蓀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>同郡葉佩蓀</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-同郡_葉佩蓀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-毛奇齡" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#毛奇齡"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>毛奇齡</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-毛奇齡-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关毛奇齡子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-毛奇齡-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-附_陸邦烈" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_陸邦烈"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>附陸邦烈</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_陸邦烈-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-閻若璩" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#閻若璩"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>閻若璩</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-閻若璩-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关閻若璩子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-閻若璩-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-子_詠" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#子_詠"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>子詠</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-子_詠-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_李鎧" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_李鎧"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>附李鎧</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_李鎧-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_吳玉搢" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_吳玉搢"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>附吳玉搢</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_吳玉搢-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-惠周惕" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#惠周惕"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>惠周惕</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-惠周惕-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关惠周惕子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-惠周惕-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-子_士奇" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#子_士奇"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>子士奇</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-子_士奇-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-子_棟" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#子_棟"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span>子棟</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-子_棟-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_余蕭客" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_余蕭客"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>附余蕭客</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_余蕭客-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-陳厚耀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#陳厚耀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>陳厚耀</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-陳厚耀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-臧琳" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#臧琳"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>臧琳</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-臧琳-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关臧琳子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-臧琳-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-玄孫_庸" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#玄孫_庸"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>玄孫庸</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-玄孫_庸-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-庸弟_禮堂" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#庸弟_禮堂"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>庸弟禮堂</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-庸弟_禮堂-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-任啟運" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#任啟運"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>任啟運</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-任啟運-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-全祖望" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#全祖望"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>全祖望</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-全祖望-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关全祖望子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-全祖望-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-弟子_蔣學鏞" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#弟子_蔣學鏞"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>弟子蔣學鏞</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-弟子_蔣學鏞-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-弟子_董秉純" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#弟子_董秉純"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>弟子董秉純</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-弟子_董秉純-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-沈彤" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#沈彤"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>沈彤</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-沈彤-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关沈彤子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-沈彤-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-附_蔡德晉" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_蔡德晉"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>附蔡德晉</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_蔡德晉-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_盛世佐" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_盛世佐"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>附盛世佐</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_盛世佐-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-江永" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#江永"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>江永</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-江永-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关江永子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-江永-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-弟子_程瑤田" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#弟子_程瑤田"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>弟子程瑤田</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-弟子_程瑤田-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-褚寅亮" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#褚寅亮"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>褚寅亮</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-褚寅亮-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-盧文弨" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#盧文弨"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>盧文弨</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-盧文弨-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关盧文弨子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-盧文弨-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-附_顧廣圻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_顧廣圻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.1</span> <span>附顧廣圻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_顧廣圻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-錢大昕" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#錢大昕"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>錢大昕</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-錢大昕-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关錢大昕子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-錢大昕-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-族子_塘" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#族子_塘"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.1</span> <span>族子塘</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-族子_塘-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-族子_坫" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#族子_坫"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.2</span> <span>族子坫</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-族子_坫-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-王鳴盛" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#王鳴盛"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>王鳴盛</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-王鳴盛-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关王鳴盛子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-王鳴盛-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-弟子_金曰追" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#弟子_金曰追"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17.1</span> <span>弟子金曰追</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-弟子_金曰追-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-吳凌雲" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#吳凌雲"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17.2</span> <span>吳凌雲</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-吳凌雲-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-戴震" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#戴震"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>戴震</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-戴震-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关戴震子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-戴震-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-附_金榜" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_金榜"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.1</span> <span>附金榜</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_金榜-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-段玉裁" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#段玉裁"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>段玉裁</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-段玉裁-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关段玉裁子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-段玉裁-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-附_鈕樹玉" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_鈕樹玉"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19.1</span> <span>附鈕樹玉</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_鈕樹玉-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_徐承慶" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_徐承慶"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19.2</span> <span>附徐承慶</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_徐承慶-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-孫志祖" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#孫志祖"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20</span> <span>孫志祖</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-孫志祖-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关孫志祖子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-孫志祖-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-附_翟灝" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_翟灝"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20.1</span> <span>附翟灝</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_翟灝-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_梁玉繩" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_梁玉繩"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20.2</span> <span>附梁玉繩</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_梁玉繩-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_履繩" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_履繩"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20.3</span> <span>附履繩</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_履繩-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_汪家禧" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_汪家禧"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20.4</span> <span>附汪家禧</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_汪家禧-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-劉台拱" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#劉台拱"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">21</span> <span>劉台拱</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-劉台拱-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关劉台拱子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-劉台拱-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-同邑_朱彬" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#同邑_朱彬"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">21.1</span> <span>同邑朱彬</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-同邑_朱彬-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-孔廣森" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#孔廣森"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">22</span> <span>孔廣森</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-孔廣森-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-邵晉涵" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#邵晉涵"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">23</span> <span>邵晉涵</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-邵晉涵-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关邵晉涵子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-邵晉涵-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-附_周永年" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_周永年"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">23.1</span> <span>附周永年</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_周永年-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-王念孫" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#王念孫"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">24</span> <span>王念孫</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-王念孫-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关王念孫子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-王念孫-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-子_引之" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#子_引之"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">24.1</span> <span>子引之</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-子_引之-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-同州_李惇" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#同州_李惇"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">24.2</span> <span>同州李惇</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-同州_李惇-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_賈田祖" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_賈田祖"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">24.3</span> <span>附賈田祖</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_賈田祖-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_宋綿初" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_宋綿初"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">24.4</span> <span>附宋綿初</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_宋綿初-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-汪中" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#汪中"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">25</span> <span>汪中</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-汪中-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关汪中子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-汪中-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-附_江德量" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_江德量"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">25.1</span> <span>附江德量</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_江德量-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_徐復" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_徐復"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">25.2</span> <span>附徐復</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_徐復-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_汪光爔" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_汪光爔"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">25.3</span> <span>附汪光爔</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_汪光爔-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-武億" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#武億"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">26</span> <span>武億</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-武億-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-莊述祖" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#莊述祖"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">27</span> <span>莊述祖</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-莊述祖-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关莊述祖子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-莊述祖-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-世父存與孫_綬甲" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#世父存與孫_綬甲"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">27.1</span> <span>世父存與孫綬甲</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-世父存與孫_綬甲-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-同族_莊有可" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#同族_莊有可"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">27.2</span> <span>同族莊有可</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-同族_莊有可-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-戚學標" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#戚學標"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">28</span> <span>戚學標</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-戚學標-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关戚學標子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-戚學標-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-附_江有誥" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_江有誥"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">28.1</span> <span>附江有誥</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_江有誥-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_陳熙晉" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_陳熙晉"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">28.2</span> <span>附陳熙晉</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_陳熙晉-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_李誠" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_李誠"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">28.3</span> <span>附李誠</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_李誠-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-丁杰" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#丁杰"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">29</span> <span>丁杰</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-丁杰-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关丁杰子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-丁杰-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-子_授經" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#子_授經"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">29.1</span> <span>子授經</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-子_授經-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_周春" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_周春"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">29.2</span> <span>附周春</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_周春-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-孫星衍" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#孫星衍"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">30</span> <span>孫星衍</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-孫星衍-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关孫星衍子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-孫星衍-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-附_畢亨" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_畢亨"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">30.1</span> <span>附畢亨</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_畢亨-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_李貽德" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_李貽德"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">30.2</span> <span>附李貽德</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_李貽德-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-王聘珍" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#王聘珍"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">31</span> <span>王聘珍</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-王聘珍-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-凌廷堪" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#凌廷堪"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">32</span> <span>凌廷堪</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-凌廷堪-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关凌廷堪子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-凌廷堪-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-同邑_洪榜" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#同邑_洪榜"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">32.1</span> <span>同邑洪榜</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-同邑_洪榜-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_洪榜" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_洪榜"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">32.2</span> <span>附洪榜</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_洪榜-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-桂馥" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#桂馥"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">33</span> <span>桂馥</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-桂馥-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关桂馥子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-桂馥-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-附_許瀚" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_許瀚"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">33.1</span> <span>附許瀚</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_許瀚-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-江聲" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#江聲"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">34</span> <span>江聲</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-江聲-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关江聲子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-江聲-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-子_鏐" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#子_鏐"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">34.1</span> <span>子鏐</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-子_鏐-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-孫_沅" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#孫_沅"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">34.2</span> <span>孫沅</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-孫_沅-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-錢大昭" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#錢大昭"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">35</span> <span>錢大昭</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-錢大昭-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关錢大昭子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-錢大昭-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-子_東垣" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#子_東垣"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">35.1</span> <span>子東垣</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-子_東垣-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-東垣弟_侗" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#東垣弟_侗"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">35.2</span> <span>東垣弟侗</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-東垣弟_侗-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_朱駿聲" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_朱駿聲"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">35.3</span> <span>附朱駿聲</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_朱駿聲-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-駿聲子_孔彰" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#駿聲子_孔彰"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">35.3.1</span> <span>駿聲子孔彰</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-駿聲子_孔彰-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">清史稿/卷481</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="这篇条目只存在于此语言中。添加其他语言的条目" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">添加语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q85621127#sitelinks-wikisource" title="添加跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">添加链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481" title="查看内容页面[c]" accesskey="c"><span>作品</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="有关内容页面的讨论（页面不存在）[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481" lang="zh-Hans" 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title="该页面过去的修订[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481" title="所有链接至本页面的wiki页面列表[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481" rel="nofollow" title="链自本页的页面的最近更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=zh" title="上传文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="所有特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&oldid=2485134" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a 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</div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q85621127" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-text-integrity" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="textquality" 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<bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF" title="清史稿">清史稿</a></bdi></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="headerContainer"> <table style="width:100%; margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:3px;border:1px solid var(--border-color-content-added,#93A6C0); background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#F9F9F9); color: inherit;text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:0; text-align:left; font-size:small;">← </td> <td style="width:25%; text-align:left; font-size:small;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7480" title="清史稿/卷480">卷四百八十</a> </td> <td style="width:50%;"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF" title="清史稿">清史稿</a></b><br />卷四百八十一<br /><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#999999)">作者：</span><a href="/wiki/Author:%E7%B9%86%E8%8D%83%E5%AD%AB" title="Author:繆荃孫">繆荃孫</a> </td> <td style="width:25%; text-align:right; font-size:small;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482" title="清史稿/卷482">卷四百八十二</a> </td> <td class="noprint" style="width:0; text-align:right; font-size:small;">→ </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="width:100%; background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#F8FCFF); color: inherit;font-size:small; border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-content-added,#93A6C0)"> <tbody><tr> <td><ul id="plainSister" style="display:inline-block; font-size:93%; line-height:normal; list-style-type:none; list-style-image:none; list-style-position:outside; border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#AAA); float:right; clear:right; margin:0.5ex 0.5ex 0.5ex 0.5ex; padding:0.0ex 0.0ex 0.0ex 0.0ex; background-color:var(--background-color-base,#FFFFFF);color: inherit;"><li class="noprint sisitem"><span class="sisicon" style="padding-right:1ex;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99%E7%9F%A9%E9%98%B5" title="Special:网站矩阵"><img alt="姊妹计划" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/18px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/27px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/36px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99%E7%9F%A9%E9%98%B5" title="Special:网站矩阵">姊妹计划</a>: <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q85621127" class="extiw" title="d:Q85621127">数据项</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>列傳二百六十八 </p><p>儒林二 </p><p>顧炎武張爾岐<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>馬驌<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 萬斯大<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>兄斯選子經侄言<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 胡渭<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>子彥昇葉佩蓀<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 毛奇齡<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>陸邦烈<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 閻若璩<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>李鎧吳玉搢<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 惠周惕<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>子士奇孫棟余蕭客<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 陳厚耀臧琳<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>玄孫庸禮堂<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 任啟運全祖望<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>蔣學鏞董秉純<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 沈彤<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>蔡德晉盛世佐<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 江永<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>程瑤田<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 褚寅亮盧文弨<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>顧廣圻<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 錢大昕<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>族子塘坫<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 王鳴盛<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>金曰追吳凌雲<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 戴震<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>金榜<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 段玉裁<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>鈕樹玉徐承慶<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 孫志祖<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>翟灝梁玉繩履繩汪家禧<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 劉台拱<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>朱彬<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 孔廣森邵晉涵<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>周永年<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 王念孫<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>子引之李惇賈田祖宋綿初<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 汪中<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>江德量徐復汪光爔<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 武億莊述祖<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>莊綬甲莊有可<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 戚學標<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>江有誥陳熙晉李誠<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 丁杰<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>周春<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 孫星衍<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>畢亨李貽德<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 王聘珍凌廷堪<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>洪榜汪龍<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 桂馥<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>許瀚<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 江聲<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>孫沅<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 錢大昭<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>子東垣繹侗朱駿聲<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="顧炎武"><span id=".E9.A1.A7.E7.82.8E.E6.AD.A6"></span>顧炎武</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：顧炎武"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">顧炎武</span>，字<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">寧人</span>，原名<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">絳</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">崑山</span>人。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">明</span>諸生。生而雙瞳，中白邊黑。讀書目十行下。見<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">明</span>季多故，講求經世之學。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">明</span>南都亡，奉嗣母<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">王氏</span>避兵<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">常熟</span>。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">崑山</span>令<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">楊永言</span>起義師，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">炎武</span>及<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">歸莊</span>從之。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">魯王</span>授為兵部司務，事不克，幸而得脫，母遂不食卒，誡<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">炎武</span>弗事二姓。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">唐王</span>以兵部職方郎召，母喪未赴，遂去家不返。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">炎武</span>自負用世之略，不得一遂，所至輒小試之。墾田於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">山東</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">長白山</span>下，畜牧於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">山西</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">雁門</span>之北、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">五台</span>之東，累致千金。遍歷關塞，四謁<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">孝陵</span>，六謁<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">思陵</span>，始卜居<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">陝</span>之<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">華陰</span>。謂「<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">秦</span>人慕經學，重處士，持清議，實他邦所少；而<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">華陰</span>綰轂關河之口，雖足不出戶，亦能見天下之人、聞天下之事。一旦有警，入山守險，不過十里之遙；若有志四方，則一出關門，亦有建瓴之便」。乃定居焉。 </p><p>生平精力絕人，自少至老，無一刻離書。所至之地，以二騾二馬載書，過邊塞亭障，呼老兵卒詢曲折，有與平日所聞不合，即發書對勘；或平原大野，則於鞍上默誦諸經注疏。嘗與友人論學云：「百餘年來之為學者，往往言心言性，而茫然不得其解也。命與仁，夫子所罕言；性與天道，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">子貢</span>所未得聞。性命之理，著之<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">易傳</span>，未嘗數以語人。其答問士，則曰'行己有恥'，其為學，則曰'好古敏求'。其告<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">哀公</span>明善之功，先之以博學。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">顏子</span>幾於聖人，猶曰'博我以文'。自<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">曾子</span>而下，篤實無如<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">子夏</span>，言仁，則曰'博學而篤志、切問而近思'。今之君子則不然，聚賓客門人數十百人，與之言心言性；舍多學而識以求一貫之方，置四海之困窮不言，而講危微精一；是必其道高於夫子，而其弟子之賢於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">子貢</span>也。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">孟子</span>一書，言心言性亦諄諄矣，乃至<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">萬章</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">公孫丑</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">陳代</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">陳臻</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">周霄</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">彭更之</span>所問，與<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">孟子</span>之所答，常在乎出處去就辭受取與之間。是故性也、命也、天也，夫子之所罕言，而今之君子之所恆言也。出處去就辭受取與之辨，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">孔子</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">孟子</span>之所恆言，而今之君子之所罕言也。愚所謂聖人之道者如之何？曰'博學於文，行己有恥'。自一身以至於天下國家，皆學之事也。自子臣弟友以至出入往來辭受取與之間，皆有恥之事也。士而不先言恥，則為無本之人；非好古多聞，則為空虛之學。以無本之人，而講空虛之學，吾見其日從事於聖人，而去之彌遠也。」 </p><p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">炎武</span>之學，大抵主於斂華就實。凡國家典制、郡邑掌故、天文儀象、河漕兵農之屬，莫不窮原究委，考正得失，撰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">天下郡國利病書</span>百二十卷；別有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">肇域志</span>一編，則考索之餘，合圖經而成者。精韻學，撰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">音論</span>三卷。言古韻者，自<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">明</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">陳第</span>，雖創闢榛蕪，猶未邃密。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">炎武</span>乃推尋經傳，探討本原。又<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">詩本音</span>十卷，其書主<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">陳第</span>詩無協韻之說，不與<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">吳棫</span>本音爭，亦不用<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">棫</span>之例，但即本經之韻互考，且證以他書，明古音原作是讀，非由遷就，故曰本音。又<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">易音</span>三卷，即<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">周易</span>以求古音，考證精確。又<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">唐韻正</span>二十卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">古音表</span>二卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">韻補正</span>一卷，皆能追復<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">三代</span>以來之音，分部正帙而知其變。又撰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">金石文字記</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">求古錄</span>，與經史相證。而<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">日知錄</span>三十卷，尤為精詣之書，蓋積三十餘年而後成。其論治綜覈名實，於禮教尤兢兢。謂風俗衰，廉恥之防潰，由無禮以權之，常欲以古制率天下。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">炎武</span>又以<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">杜預</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">左傳集解</span>時有闕失，作<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">杜解補正</span>三卷。其他著作，有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">二十一史年表</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">歷代帝王宅京記</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">營平二州地名記</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">昌平山水記</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">山東考古錄</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">京東考古錄</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">譎觚</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">菰中隨筆</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">亭林文集</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">詩集</span>等書，並有補於學術世道。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">清</span>初稱學有根柢者，以<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">炎武</span>為最，學者稱為<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">亭林先生</span>。 </p><p>又廣交賢豪長者，虛懷商榷，不自滿假。作<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">廣師篇</span>云：「學究天人，確乎不拔，吾不如<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">王寅旭</span>；讀書為己，探賾洞微，吾不如<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">楊雪臣</span>；獨精<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">三禮</span>，卓然經師，吾不如<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">張稷若</span>；蕭然物外，自得天機，吾不如<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">傅青主</span>；堅苦力學，無師而成，吾不如<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">李中孚</span>；險阻備嘗，與時屈伸，吾不如<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">路安卿</span>；博聞強記，群書之府，吾不如<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">吳志伊</span>；文章爾雅，宅心和厚，吾不如<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">朱錫鬯</span>；好學不倦，篤於朋友，吾不如<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">王山史</span>；精心六書，信而好古，吾不如<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">張力臣</span>。至於達而在位，其可稱述者，亦多有之，然非布衣之所得議也。」 </p><p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">康熙</span>十七年，詔舉博學鴻儒科，又修<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">明史</span>，大臣爭薦之，以死自誓。二十一年，卒，年七十。無子，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">吳江</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">潘耒敘</span>其遺書行世。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">宣統</span>元年，從祀文廟。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="張爾岐"><span id=".E5.BC.B5.E7.88.BE.E5.B2.90"></span>張爾岐</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：張爾岐"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">張爾岐</span>，字<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">稷若</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">濟陽</span>人。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">明</span>諸生。父<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">行素</span>，官<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">石首縣</span>丞，罹兵難，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">爾岐</span>欲身殉，以母老止。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">順治</span>七年，貢成均，亦不出。遜志好學，篤守<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">程</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">朱</span>之說，著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">天道論</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">中庸論</span>，為時所稱。又著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">學辨</span>五篇：曰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">辨志</span>，曰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">辨術</span>，曰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">辨業</span>，曰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">辨成</span>，曰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">辨徵</span>。又著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">立命說辨</span>，斥<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">袁氏</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">功過格</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">立命說</span>之非。年三十，覃思<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">儀禮</span>，以<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">鄭康成</span>注文古質，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">賈公彥</span>釋義曼衍，學者不能尋其端緒；乃取經與注章分之，定其句讀，疏其節，錄其要，取其明注而止，有疑義則以意斷之，亦附於末：成<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">儀禮鄭注句讀</span>十七卷，附以<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">監本正誤</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">石經正誤</span>二卷。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">顧炎武</span>游<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">山東</span>，讀而善之，曰：「<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">炎武</span>年過五十，乃知'不學禮無以立'。若<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">儀禮鄭注句讀</span>一書，根本先儒，立言簡當，以其人不求聞達，故無當世名，然書實可傳，使<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">朱子</span>見之，必不僅<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">謝監獄</span>之稱許矣。」<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">爾岐</span>又著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">周易說略</span>八卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">詩說略</span>五卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">蒿菴集</span>三卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">蒿菴閒話</span>二卷。所居敗屋不修，藝蔬果養母，集其弟四人，講說<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">三代</span>古文於母前，愉愉如也。妻<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">朱</span>，婉娩執婦道，勸<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">爾岐</span>勿出，取<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">蓼莪</span>詩意，題其室曰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">蒿庵</span>，遂教授鄉里終其身。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">康熙</span>十六年，卒，年六十六。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">乾隆</span>中，按察使<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">吳江</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">陸燿</span>建<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">蒿菴書院</span>以祀之，而顏其堂曰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">辨志</span>。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">山東</span>善治經者，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">爾岐</span>同時有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">馬驌</span>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="馬驌"><span id=".E9.A6.AC.E9.A9.8C"></span>馬驌</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：馬驌"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">驌</span>，字<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">宛斯</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">鄒平</span>人。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">順治</span>十六年進士，除<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">淮安府</span>推官。尋推官議裁，補<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">靈壁縣</span>知縣。蠲荒除弊，流亡復業。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">康熙</span>十二年，卒於官，年五十四。士民奉祀名宦祠。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">驌</span>於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">左氏</span>融會貫通，著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">左傳事緯</span>十二卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">附錄</span>八卷，所論有條理，圖表亦考證精詳。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">驌</span>又撰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">繹史</span>一百六十卷，纂錄開闢至<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">秦</span>末之事，博引古籍。疏通辨證，非<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">路史</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">皇王大紀</span>所可及也。時人稱為<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">馬三代</span>。四十四年，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">聖祖</span>命大學士<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">張玉書</span>物色<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">驌</span>所著書，令人至<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">鄒平</span>購板入內府。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="萬斯大"><span id=".E8.90.AC.E6.96.AF.E5.A4.A7"></span>萬斯大</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：萬斯大"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">萬斯大</span>，字<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">充宗</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">鄞縣</span>人。父<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">泰</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">明</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">崇禎</span>丙子舉人，與<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">陸符</span>齊名。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">寧波</span>文學風氣，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">泰</span>實開之。以經、史分授諸子，使從<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">黃宗羲</span>遊，各名一家。 </p><p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">斯大</span>治經，以為非通諸經不能通一經；非悟傳注之失，則不能通經；非以經釋經，則亦無由悟傳注之失。其為學尤精<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">春秋</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">三禮</span>。於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">春秋</span>，則有專傳論世、屬辭比事、原情定罪諸義；於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">三禮</span>，則有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">論社</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">論禘</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">論祖宗</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">論明堂泰壇</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">論喪服</span>諸義；其辨正<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">商</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">周</span>改月改時，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">周</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">詩</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">周</span>正及兄弟同昭穆，皆極確實。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">宗法</span>十餘篇，亦頗見推衍。答<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">應撝謙</span>書，辨治朝無堂，尤為精覈。根柢<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">三禮</span>，以釋<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">三傳</span>，較<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">宋</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">元</span>以後空談書法者殊。然其說經以新見長，亦以鑿見短，置其非存其是，未始非一家之學。 </p><p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">斯大</span>性剛毅，慕義若渴。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">明</span>臣<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">張煌言</span>死後棄骨荒郊，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">斯大</span>葬之<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">南屏</span>。父執<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">陸符</span>死無後，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">斯大</span>為葬其兩世六棺。所著有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">學春秋隨筆</span>十卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">學禮質疑</span>二卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">儀禮商</span>三卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">禮記偶箋</span>三卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">周官辨非</span>二卷。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">康熙</span>二十二年，卒，年六十。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="兄_斯選"><span id=".E5.85.84_.E6.96.AF.E9.81.B8"></span>兄斯選</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：兄斯選"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>兄<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">斯選</span>，字<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">公擇</span>。學於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">黃宗羲</span>。嘗謂學者須驗之躬行，方為實學。於是切實體認，知意為心之存主，非心之所發。理即在氣中，非理先氣後。涵養純粹，年六十，卒。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">宗羲</span>哭之慟，曰：「<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">甬</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">上</span>從遊，能續<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">蕺山</span>之傳者，惟<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">斯選</span>一人，而今已矣！」 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="子_經"><span id=".E5.AD.90_.E7.B6.93"></span>子經</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：子經"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">斯大</span>子<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">經</span>，字<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">授一</span>。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">黃宗羲</span>移<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">證人書院</span>於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">鄞</span>，申<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">明</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">劉宗周</span>之學。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">經</span>侍席末，與聞其教。及長，傳父、叔及兄<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">言</span>之學，又學於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">應撝謙</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">閻若璩</span>。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">康熙</span>四十二年，成進士，選庶吉士，散館授編修。五十年，充<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">山西</span>鄉試副考官。五十三年，提督<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">貴州</span>學政。及還，以派修<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">通州</span>城工罄其家。素工分隸，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">經</span>乃賣所作字，得錢給朝夕。晚增補<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">斯大</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">禮記集解</span>數万言，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">春秋</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">定</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">哀</span>二公未畢，又續纂數万言。又重修<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">斯同</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">列代紀年</span>，又續纂兄<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">言</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">尚書說</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">明史舉要</span>，皆先代未成之書。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">乾隆</span>初，舉博學鴻詞科，不就。年八十二，家遭大火，遺書悉焚。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">經</span>終日涕洟，自以為負罪先人，逾年卒。著有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">分隸偶存</span>二卷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="從子_言"><span id=".E5.BE.9E.E5.AD.90_.E8.A8.80"></span>從子言</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：從子言"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">言</span>，字<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">貞一</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">斯選</span>兄<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">斯年</span>子。副榜貢生。少隨諸父講社中，號精博。著有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">尚書說</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">明史舉要</span>。嘗與修<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">明史</span>，獨成<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">崇禎長編</span>，故國輔相子弟多以賄求減先人罪，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">言</span>悉拒之。尤工古文，同縣<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">李鄴嗣</span>嘗曰：「事古而信，篤志不分，吾不如<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">充宗</span>；粹然有得，造次儒者，吾不如<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">公擇</span>；學通古今，無所不辨，吾不如<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">季野</span>；文章名世，居然大家，吾不如<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">貞一</span>。吾邑有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">萬氏</span>，誠天下之望。」有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">管村文集</span>。晚出為<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">五河</span>知縣，忤大吏，論死，子<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">承勳</span>，狂走數千里，裒金五千贖之歸，時稱孝子。 </p><p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">承勳</span>，字<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">開遠</span>。諸生。以薦，用為<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">磁州</span>知州。工詩，有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">冰雪集</span>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="胡渭"><span id=".E8.83.A1.E6.B8.AD"></span>胡渭</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：胡渭"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">胡渭</span>，初名<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">渭生</span>，字<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">朏明</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">德清</span>人。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">渭</span>年十二而孤，母<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">沈</span>，攜之避亂山谷間。十五為縣學生，入太學，篤志經義，尤精輿地之學。嘗館大學士<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">馮溥</span>邸。尚書<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">徐乾學</span>奉詔修<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">一統志</span>，開局<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">洞庭山</span>，延<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">常熟</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">黃儀</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">顧祖禹</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">太原</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">閻若璩</span>及<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">渭</span>分纂。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">渭</span>著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">禹貢錐指</span>二十卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">圖</span>四十七篇。謂<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">漢</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">唐</span>二<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">孔氏</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">宋</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">蔡氏</span>，於地理多疏舛。如三江當主<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">鄭康成</span>說；<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">禹貢</span>「達於河」，「河」當從說文作「菏」；「<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">滎波</span>既豬」，當從<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">鄭康成</span>作「播」；<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">梁州</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">黑水</span>與導川之<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">黑水</span>，不可溷為一。乃博稽載籍，考其同異而折衷之。山川形勢，郡國分合，道里遠近夷險，一一討論詳明。又<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">漢</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">唐</span>以來，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">河</span>道遷徙，為民生國計所繫，故於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">導河</span>一章，備考決溢改流之跡，留心經濟，異於迂儒不通時務。間有千慮一失，則不屑闕疑之過。 </p><p>又撰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">易圖明辨</span>十卷，專為辨定<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">圖</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">書</span>而作。初，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">陳摶</span>推闡<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">易</span>理衍為諸圖，其圖本準<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">易</span>而生，故以卦爻反覆研求無不符合。傳者務神其說，遂歸其圖於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">伏羲</span>，謂<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">易</span>反由圖而作。又因<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">繫辭</span>「<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">河</span>圖、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">洛</span>書」之文，取大衍算數作五十五點之圖，以當<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">河圖</span>；取<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">乾鑿度</span>太乙行九宮法，造四十五點之圖，以當<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">洛書</span>；其陰陽奇偶，亦一一與<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">易</span>相應。傳者益神其說，又真以為龍馬神龜之所負，謂<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">伏羲</span>由此而有先天之圖。實則<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">唐</span>以前書絕無一字符驗，而突出於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">北宋</span>之初，由<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">邵子</span>以及<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">朱子</span>，亦但取其數之巧合，而未暇究其太古以來從誰授受，故<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">易學啟蒙</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">易本義</span>前九圖皆沿其說。同時<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">袁樞</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">薛季宣</span>皆有異論，然<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">宋史</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">儒林傳</span>：<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">易學啟蒙</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">朱子</span>本囑<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">蔡元定</span>創藁，非<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">朱子</span>自撰，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">晦菴大全集</span>載<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">答劉君房書</span>曰：「<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">啟蒙</span>本欲學者且就<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">大傳</span>所言卦畫蓍數推尋，不須過為浮說。而自今觀之，如<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">河圖</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">洛書</span>，亦不免尚有賸語。」至於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">本義</span>卷首九圖，為門人所依附，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">朱子</span>當日未嘗堅主其說。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">元</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">陳應潤</span>作<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">爻變義蘊</span>，始指諸圖為道家假借。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">吳澄</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">歸有光</span>諸人亦相繼排擊，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">毛奇齡</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">黃宗羲</span>爭之尤力。然皆各據所見抵其罅隙，尚未能窮溯本末，一一抉所自來。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">渭</span>則於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">河圖</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">洛書</span>，五行、九宮，參同、先天、太極，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">龍圖</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">易數鉤隱圖</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">啟蒙圖</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">書</span>，先天、後天、卦變、像數流弊，皆引據舊文，互相參證，以箝依託之口。使學者知<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">圖</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">書</span>之說，乃修鍊、術數二家旁分<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">易</span>學之支流，非作<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">易</span>之根柢，視<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">禹貢錐指</span>尤為有功經學。 </p><p>又撰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">洪範正論</span>五卷，謂<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">漢</span>人專取災祥，推衍五行，穿鑿附會，事同讖緯，亂彝倫攸敘之經，其害一；<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">洛書</span>本文具在<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">洪範</span>，非龜文，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">宋</span>儒創為黑白之點，方員之體，九十之位，變書為圖，以至九數十數，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">劉牧</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">蔡季通</span>紛紜更定，其害二；<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">洪範</span>元無錯簡，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">王柏</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">胡一中</span>等任意改竄，其害三。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">渭</span>又撰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">大學翼真</span>七卷，大旨以<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">朱子</span>為主，僅謂<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">格致</span>一章不必補傳，力闢<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">王</span>學改本之誤。所見切實，視泛為性命理氣之談者，勝之遠矣。 </p><p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">渭</span>經術湛深，學有根柢，故所論一軌於正。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">漢</span>儒傅會之談，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">宋</span>儒變亂之論，掃而除焉。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">康熙</span>四十三年，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">聖祖</span>南巡，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">渭</span>以<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">禹貢錐指</span>獻行在，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">聖祖</span>嘉獎，御書「耆年篤學」四大字賜之，儒者咸以為榮。五十三年，卒，年八十有二。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="子_彥昇"><span id=".E5.AD.90_.E5.BD.A5.E6.98.87"></span>子彥昇</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：子彥昇"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">渭</span>子<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">彥昇</span>，字<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">國賢</span>。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">雍正</span>八年進士，授刑部主事，改<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">山東</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">定陶縣</span>知縣。著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">春秋說</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">四書近是</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">叢書錄要</span>。又於樂律尤有心得，著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">樂律表微</span>八卷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="同郡_葉佩蓀"><span id=".E5.90.8C.E9.83.A1_.E8.91.89.E4.BD.A9.E8.93.80"></span>同郡葉佩蓀</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：同郡葉佩蓀"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">渭</span>同郡<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">葉佩蓀</span>，字<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">丹穎</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">歸安</span>人。亦治古<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">易</span>，不言<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">圖</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">書</span>，著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">易守</span>四十卷。於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">易</span>中三聖人所未言者不加一字，故曰「守」。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="毛奇齡"><span id=".E6.AF.9B.E5.A5.87.E9.BD.A1"></span>毛奇齡</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：毛奇齡"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">毛奇齡</span>，字<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">大可</span>，又名<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">甡</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">蕭山</span>人。四歲，母口授<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">大學</span>即成誦。總角，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">陳子龍</span>為推官，奇愛之，遂補諸生。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">明</span>亡，哭於學宮三日。山賊起，竄身城南山，築土室，讀書其中。 </p><p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">順治</span>三年，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">明</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">保定伯</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">毛有倫</span>以<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">寧波</span>兵至<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">西陵</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">奇齡</span>入其軍中。是時<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">馬士英</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">方國安</span>與<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">有倫</span>犄角，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">奇齡</span>曰：「<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">方</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">馬</span>國賊也，明公為東南建義旗，何可與二賊共事？」<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">國安</span>聞之大恨，欲殺之，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">奇齡</span>遂脫去。後怨家屢陷之，乃變姓名為<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">王士方</span>，亡命浪游。及事解，以原名入國學。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">康熙</span>十八年，薦舉博學鴻儒科，試列二等，授翰林院檢討，充<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">明史</span>纂修官。二十四年，充會試同考官，尋假歸，得痺疾，遂不復出。 </p><p>初著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">毛詩續傳</span>三十八卷，既以避仇流寓<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">江</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">淮</span>間，失其藁，乃就所記憶著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">國風省篇</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">詩札</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">毛詩寫官記</span>。復在<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">江西</span>參議道<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">施閏章</span>所與<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">湖廣</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">楊洪才</span>說<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">詩</span>，作<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">白鷺洲主客說詩</span>一卷。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">明</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">嘉靖</span>中，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">鄞</span>人<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">豐坊</span>偽造<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">子貢詩傳</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">申培詩說</span>行世，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">奇齡</span>作<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">詩傳詩說駁議</span>五卷，引證諸書，多所糾正。洎通籍，進所著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">古今通韻</span>十二卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">聖祖</span>善之，詔付史館。 </p><p>歸田後，僦居<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">杭州</span>，著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">仲氏易</span>，一日著一卦，凡六十四日而書成，託於其兄<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">錫齡</span>之緒言，故曰「仲氏」。又著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">推易始末</span>四卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">春秋占筮書</span>三卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">易小帖</span>五卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">易韻</span>四卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">河圖洛書原舛編</span>一卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">太極圖說遺議</span>一卷。其言<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">易</span>發明<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">荀</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">虞</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">干</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">侯</span>諸家，旁及卦變、卦綜之法。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">奇齡</span>分校會闈時，閱<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">春秋</span>房卷，心非<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">胡</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">傳</span>之偏，有意撰述，至是乃就經文起義，著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">春秋毛氏傳</span>三十六卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">春秋簡書刊誤</span>二卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">春秋屬辭比事記</span>四卷，條例明晰，考據精核。又欲全著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">禮經</span>，以衰病不能，乃次第著昏、喪、祭禮、宗法、廟制及郊、社、禘、祫、明堂、學校諸問答，多發先儒所未及。至於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">論語</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">大學</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">中庸</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">孟子</span>，各有考證，而<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">大學證文</span>及<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">孝經問</span>，援據古今，辨後儒改經之非，持論甚正。 </p><p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">奇齡</span>淹貫群書，所自負者在經學，然好為駁辨，他人所已言者，必力反其詞。古文<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">尚書</span>自<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">宋</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">吳棫</span>後多疑其偽，及<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">閻若璩</span>作<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">疏證</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">奇齡</span>力辨為真，遂作<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">古文尚書冤詞</span>。又刪舊所作<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">尚書廣聽錄</span>為五卷，以求勝於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">若璩</span>，而<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">周禮</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">儀禮</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">奇齡</span>又以為<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">戰國</span>之書。所作<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">經問</span>，指名攻駁者，惟<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">顧炎武</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">閻若璩</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">胡渭</span>三人。以三人博學重望，足以攻擊，而餘子以下不足齒錄，其傲睨如此。 </p><p>素曉音律，家有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">明</span>代宗籓所傳<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">唐</span>樂笛色譜，直史館，據以作<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">竟山樂錄</span>四卷。及在籍，聞<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">聖祖</span>論樂諭群臣以徑一圍三隔八相生之法，因推闡考證，撰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">聖諭樂本解說</span>二卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">皇言定聲錄</span>八卷。三十八年，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">聖祖</span>南巡，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">奇齡</span>迎駕於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">嘉興</span>，以<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">樂本解說</span>二卷進，溫諭獎勞。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">聖祖</span>三巡至<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">浙</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">奇齡</span>复謁行在，賜御書一幅。五十二年，卒於家，年九十一。門人<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">蔣樞</span>編輯遺集，分經集、文集二部，經集自<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">仲氏易</span>以下凡五十種，文集合詩、賦、序、記及他雜著凡二百三十四卷。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">四庫全書</span>收<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">奇齡</span>所著書目多至四十餘部。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">奇齡</span>辨正<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">圖</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">書</span>，排擊異學，尤有功於經義。弟子<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">李塨</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">陸邦烈</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">盛唐</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">王錫</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">章大來</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">邵廷寀</span>等，著錄者甚眾。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">李塨</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">廷寀</span>自有傳。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_陸邦烈"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E9.99.B8.E9.82.A6.E7.83.88"></span>附陸邦烈</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：附陸邦烈"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">邦烈</span>，字<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">又超</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">平湖</span>人。嘗取<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">奇齡</span>經說所載裒為<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">聖門釋非錄</span>五卷，謂聖問口語未可盡非云。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="閻若璩"><span id=".E9.96.BB.E8.8B.A5.E7.92.A9"></span>閻若璩</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：閻若璩"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">閻若璩</span>，字<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">百詩</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">太原</span>人。世業鹽筴，僑寓<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">淮安</span>。父<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">修齡</span>，以詩名家。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">若璩</span>幼多病，讀書闇記不出聲，年十五，以商籍補<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">山陽縣</span>學生員。研究經史，深造自得。嘗集<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">陶弘景</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">皇甫謐</span>語題其柱云：「一物不知，以為深恥；遭人而問，少有暇日。」其立志如此。海內名流過<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">淮</span>，必主其家。年二十，讀<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">尚書</span>至古文二十五篇，即疑其譌。沉潛三十餘年，乃盡得其癥結所在，作<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">古文尚書疏證</span>八卷。引經據古，一一陳其矛盾之故，古文之偽大明。所列一百二十八條，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">毛奇齡</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">尚書古文冤詞</span>百計相軋，終不能以強辭奪正理，則有據之言先立於不可敗也。 </p><p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">康熙</span>元年，遊京師，旋改歸<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">太原</span>故籍，補廩膳生。十八年，應博學鴻儒科試，報罷。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">崑山</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">顧炎武</span>以所撰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">日知錄</span>相質，即為改定數條，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">炎武</span>虛心從之。編修<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">汪琬</span>著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">五服考異</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">若璩</span>糾其謬，尚書<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">徐乾學</span>嘆服。及<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">乾學</span>奉敕修<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">一統志</span>，開局<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">洞庭山</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">若璩</span>與其事。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">若璩</span>於地理尤精審，山川形勢，州郡沿革，瞭如指掌，撰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">四書釋地</span>五卷，及於人名物類訓詁典制，事必求其根柢，言必求其依據，旁參互證，多所貫通。又據<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">孟子</span>七篇，參以<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">史記</span>諸書，作<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">孟子生卒年月考</span>一卷。又著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">潛丘劄記</span>六卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">毛朱詩說</span>一卷，手校<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">困學紀聞</span>二十卷，因<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">浚儀</span>之舊而駮正箋說推廣之。又有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">日知錄補正</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">喪服異注</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">宋</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">劉攽</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">李燾</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">馬端臨</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">王應麟</span>四家逸事，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">博湖</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">掌錄</span>諸書。 </p><p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">世宗</span>在潛邸聞其名，延人邸中，索觀所著書，每進一篇必稱善。疾革，請移就城外，以大床為輿，上施青紗帳，二十人舁之出，安穩如床簀。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">康熙</span>四十三年，卒，年六十九。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">世宗</span>遣使經紀其喪，親制詩四章，復為文祭之。有云：「讀書等身，一字無假，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">孔</span>思<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">周</span>情，旨深言大。」僉謂非<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">若璩</span>不能當也。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="子_詠"><span id=".E5.AD.90_.E8.A9.A0"></span>子詠</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：子詠"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>子<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">詠</span>。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">康熙</span>四十八年進士，官中書舍人，亦能文。同時<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">山陽</span>學者，有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">李鎧</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">吳玉搢</span>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_李鎧"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E6.9D.8E.E9.8E.A7"></span>附李鎧</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：附李鎧"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">鎧</span>，字<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">公凱</span>。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">順治</span>十八年進士，補<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">奉天</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">蓋平縣</span>知縣。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">康熙</span>十八年，薦應博學鴻儒科試，授翰林院編修，與修<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">明史</span>，洊官內閣學士。所著有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">讀書雜述</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">史斷</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">王士禎</span>稱為有本之學。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_吳玉搢"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E5.90.B3.E7.8E.89.E6.90.A2"></span>附吳玉搢</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：附吳玉搢"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">玉搢</span>，字<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">藉五</span>。官<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">鳳陽府</span>訓導。著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">山陽志遺</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">金石存</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">說文引經考</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">六書述部敘考</span>，又著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">別雅</span>五卷，辨六書之假借，深為有功，非俗儒剽竊所能彷彿也。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="惠周惕"><span id=".E6.83.A0.E5.91.A8.E6.83.95"></span>惠周惕</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：惠周惕"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>惠周惕，字元龍，原名恕，吳縣人。父有聲，以九經教授鄉里，與徐枋善。周惕少從枋遊，又曾受業於汪琬。康熙十八年，舉博學鴻儒科，丁憂，不與試。三十年，成進士，選翰林院庶吉士。散館，改密雲縣知縣，有善政，卒於官。 </p><p>周惕邃於經學，為文章有榘度，著有易傳、春秋三禮問及硯谿詩文集。其詩說二卷，謂大、小雅以音別，不以政別。謂正雅、變雅美刺錯陳，不必分六月以上為正、六月以下為變；文王以下為正、民勞以下為變。謂二南二十六篇，皆房中之樂，不必泥其所指何人。謂天子諸侯均得有頌，魯頌非僭，其言並有依據。清二百餘年談漢儒之學者，必以東吳惠氏為首。惠氏三世傳經，周惕其創始者也。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="子_士奇"><span id=".E5.AD.90_.E5.A3.AB.E5.A5.87"></span>子士奇</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：子士奇"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>子士奇，字天牧。康熙五十年進士，選翰林院庶吉士，授編修。兩充會試同考官。聖祖嘗問廷臣，誰工作賦，內閣學士蔣廷錫以王頊齡、湯右曾及士奇三人對。五十七年，孝惠章皇后升祔禮成，特命祭告炎帝陵、舜陵。故事，祭告使臣，學士以上乃得開列，士奇以編修與，異數也。五十九年，充湖廣鄉試正考官，尋提督廣東學政，以經學倡多士，三年之後，通經者多。又謂：「校官古博士也，校官無博士之才，弟子何所效法？」訪得海陽進士翁廷資，即具疏題補韶州府學教授，部議格不行。聖祖曰：「惠士奇所舉，諒非徇私，著如所請，後不為例。」 </p><p>雍正初，復命留任。召還，入對不稱旨，罰修鎮江城，以產盡停工削籍，乾隆元年，復起為侍讀，免欠修城銀，令纂修三禮。越四年，告歸，卒於家。 </p><p>士奇盛年兼治經史，晚尤邃於經學，撰易說六卷，禮說十四卷，春秋說十五卷。於易，雜釋卦爻，以像為主，力矯王弼以來空疏說經之弊。於禮，疏通古音、古字，俱使無疑似，复援引諸子百家之文，或以證明周制，或以參考鄭氏所引之漢制，以遞觀周制，而各闡其制作之深意。於春秋，事實據左氏，論斷多采公、穀，大致出於宋張大亨春秋五禮例宗、沈棐春秋比事，而典核過之。大學說一卷晚出，「親民」不讀「新民」。論格物不外本末終始先後，即絜矩之不外上下前後左右，亦能根極理要，又著交食舉隅三卷，琴笛理數考四卷。子七人，棟最知名。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="子_棟"><span id=".E5.AD.90_.E6.A3.9F"></span>子棟</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：子棟"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>棟，字定宇。元和學生員。自幼篤志向學，家多藏書，日夜講誦。於經、史、諸子、稗官野乘及七經毖緯之學，靡不津逮。小學本爾雅，六書本說文，餘及急就章，經典釋文，漢、魏碑碣，自玉篇、廣韻而下勿論也。乾隆十五年，詔舉經明行修之士，陝甘總督尹繼善、兩江總督黃廷桂交章論薦。會大學士、九卿索所著書，未及呈進，罷歸。 </p><p>棟於諸經熟洽貫串，謂詁訓古字古音，非經師不能辨，作九經古義二十二卷。尤邃於易，其撰易漢學八卷，掇拾孟喜、虞翻、荀爽緒論，以見大凡。其末篇附以己意，發明漢易之理，以辨正河圖、洛書、先天、太極之學。易例二卷，乃鎔鑄舊說以發明易之本例，實為棟論易諸家發凡。其撰周易述二十三卷，以荀爽、虞翻為主，而參以鄭康成、宋咸、干寶之說，約其旨為注，演其說為疏。書垂成而疾革，遂闕革至未濟十五卦及序卦、雜卦兩傳，雖為未善之書，然漢學之絕者千有五百餘年，至是而粲然復明。撰明堂大道錄八卷，禘說二卷，謂禘行於明堂，明堂法本於易。古文尚書考二卷，辨鄭康成所傳之二十四篇為孔壁真古文，東晉晚出之二十五篇為偽。又撰後漢書補注二十四卷，王士禎精華錄訓纂二十四卷，九曜齋筆記、松崖文鈔諸書。嘉定錢大昕嘗論：「宋、元以來說經之書盈屋充棟，高者蔑古訓以讠誇心得，下者襲人言以為己有。獨惠氏世守古學，而棟所得尤精。擬諸前儒，當在何休、服虔之間，馬融、趙岐輩不及也。」卒，年六十二。其弟子知名者，餘蕭客、江聲最為純實。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_余蕭客"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E4.BD.99.E8.95.AD.E5.AE.A2"></span>附余蕭客</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：附余蕭客"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>蕭客，字古農，長洲人。撰古經解鉤沉三十卷，凡唐以前舊說，自諸家經解所引，旁及史傳、類書，片語單詞，悉著於錄。清代經學昌明，著述之家，爭及於古，蕭客是書其一也。蕭客又撰文選紀聞三十卷，文選音義八卷。聲自有傳。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="陳厚耀"><span id=".E9.99.B3.E5.8E.9A.E8.80.80"></span>陳厚耀</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：陳厚耀"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>陳厚耀，字泗源，泰州人。康熙四十五年進士，官蘇州府學教授。大學士李光地薦其通天文、算法，引見，改內閣中書。上命試以算法，繪三角形，令求中線及弧背尺寸，厚耀具劄以進，皆如式。授翰林院編修，入直內廷。厚耀學問淵博，直內廷後，兼通幾何算法，於是其學益進。遷國子監司業，轉左春坊左諭德，以老乞致仕，卒於家。 </p><p>厚耀以天算之法治春秋，嘗補杜預長歷為春秋長歷十卷，其凡有四：一曰歷證，備引漢書、續漢書、晉書、隋書、唐書、宋史、元史、左傳注疏、春秋屬辭、天元歷理諸說，以證推步之異。其引春秋屬辭載杜預論日月差謬一條，為注疏所無。又引大衍歷義春秋歷考一條，亦唐誌所未錄。二曰古歷，以古法十九年為一章，一章之首，推合周曆正月朔日冬至，前列算法，後以春秋十二公紀年，橫列為四章，縱列十二公，積而成表，以求曆元。三曰歷編，舉春秋二百四十二年，推其朔閏及月之大小，而以經、傳干支為證佐，述杜預之說而考辨之。四曰歷存，古歷推隱公元年正月庚戌朔，杜氏長歷則為辛巳朔，乃古歷所推上年十二月朔，謂元年以前失一閏，蓋以經、傳干支排次知之。厚耀則謂如預之說，元年至七年中書日者雖多不失，而與二年八月之庚辰、四年二月之戊申又不能合。且隱公三年二月己巳朔日食，桓公三年七月壬辰朔日食，亦皆失之。蓋隱公元年以前非失一閏，乃多一閏，因定隱公元年正月為庚辰朔，較長歷退兩月，推至僖公五年止。以下朔、閏，一一與杜歷相符，故不復續推焉。 </p><p>又撰春秋戰國異辭五十四卷、通表二卷、摭遺一卷，春秋世族譜一卷。鄒平馬驌為繹史，兼採三傳、國語、國策，厚耀則皆摭於五書之外，獨為其難。氏族一書，與顧棟高大事表互證，春秋氏族之學，幾乎備矣。厚耀又著禮記分類、十七史正譌諸書，今不傳。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="臧琳"><span id=".E8.87.A7.E7.90.B3"></span>臧琳</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：臧琳"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>臧琳，字玉林，武進人。諸生。治經以漢注唐疏為主，教人先以爾雅、說文，曰：「不解字，何以讀書？不通訓詁，何以明經？」鍵戶著述，世無知者。有尚書集解百二十卷，經義雜記三十卷。閻若璩稱其深明兩漢之學，錢大昕校定其書，云：「實事求是，別白精審，而未嘗輕詆前哲，斯真務實而不近名者。」 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="玄孫_庸"><span id=".E7.8E.84.E5.AD.AB_.E5.BA.B8"></span>玄孫庸</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：玄孫庸"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>玄孫庸，本名鏞堂，字在東。與弟禮堂俱事錢塘盧文弨。沉默樸厚，學術精審。續其高祖將絕之學，儗經義雜記為拜經日記八卷，高郵王念孫亟稱之。其敘孟子年譜，辨齊宣王、湣王之譌，閩縣陳壽祺嘆為絕識。又著拜經文集四卷，月令雜說一卷，樂記二十三篇注一卷，孝經考異一卷，子夏易傳一卷，詩考異四卷，韓詩遺說二卷、訂譌一卷，校鄭康成易注二卷。其輯子夏易傳，辨此傳為漢韓嬰作，非卜子夏。其詩考異大旨如王伯厚，但逐條必自考輯，不依循王本。庸初因寶應劉台拱獲交儀徵阮元，其後館元署中為多。元寫其書為副本，以原本還其家。嘉慶十六年，卒，年四十五。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="庸弟_禮堂"><span id=".E5.BA.B8.E5.BC.9F_.E7.A6.AE.E5.A0.82"></span>庸弟禮堂</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：庸弟禮堂"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>禮堂，字和貴。事親孝。父繼宏，久瘧，冬月畏火，禮堂潛以身溫被。居喪如禮，笑不見齒。母遘危疾，刲股合藥，私禱於神，減齒以延親壽。娶婦胡，初婚夕教以孝弟，長言令熟聽，乃合卺，一家感而化之。尤精小學，善讎校，為四方賢士所貴。師事錢大昕，業益進。好許氏說文解字，為說文經考十三卷。慕古孝子、孝女、孝婦事，作孝傳百數十卷。尚書集解案六卷，三禮注校字六卷，春秋注疏校正六卷。卒，年三十。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="任啟運"><span id=".E4.BB.BB.E5.95.9F.E9.81.8B"></span>任啟運</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：任啟運"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>任啟運，字翼聖，宜興人。少讀孟子，至卒章，輒哽咽，大懼道統無傳。家貧，無藏書，從人借閱。夜乏膏火，持書就月，至移牆不輟。事父母孝以聞。年五十四，舉於鄉。雍正十一年，計偕至都，會世宗問有精通性理之學者，尚書張照以啟運名上。特詔廷試，以「太極似何物」對，進呈御覽，得旨嘉獎。會成進士，遂於臚唱前一日引見，特授翰林院檢討，在阿哥書房行走。上嘗問以「朝聞夕死」之旨，啟運對以「生死一理，未知生，焉知死」。上曰：「此是賢人分上事，未到聖人地位。從此作去，久自知之。」逾年抱疾，賜藥賜醫，越月謝恩，特諭繞廊而進。面稱：「知汝非堯、舜不敢以陳於王前。」務令自愛。令侍臣扶掖以出，且遙望之。 </p><p>高宗登基，仍命在書房行走，署日講起居注官，尋擢中允。乾隆四年，遷侍講，晉侍講學士。七年，擢都察院左僉都御史。八年，充三禮館副總裁官，尋升宗人府府丞。九年，卒於賜第，年七十五。賜帑金治喪具，賜祭葬。 </p><p>啟運學宗朱子，嘗謂諸經已有子朱子傳，獨未及禮經，乃著肆獻祼饋食禮三卷。以儀禮特性、少牢、饋食禮皆士禮，因據三禮及他傳記之有關王禮者推之，不得於經，則求諸注疏以補之，凡五篇：一曰祭統，二曰吉蠲，三曰朝踐，四曰正祭，五曰繹祭。其名則取周禮「以肆獻祼享先王」、「以饋食享先王」之文，較之黃幹所續祭禮，更為精密。又宮室考十三卷，於李如圭釋宮之外別為類次：曰門，曰觀，曰朝，曰廟，曰寢，曰塾，曰寧，曰等威，曰名物，曰門大小廣狹，曰明堂，曰方明，曰辟雍，考據頗為精核。儀禮一經，久成絕學，啟運研究鉤貫，使條理秩然，不愧窮經之目。又禮記章句十卷，以大學、中庸，朱子既成章句，則曲禮以下四十七篇，皆可釐為章句。但所傳篇次序列紛錯，爰仿鄭康成序儀禮例，更其前後，並為四十二篇。其有關倫紀之大，而為秦、漢、元、明輕變易者，則眾著其說，以俟後之論禮者酌取。外有周易洗心九卷，四書約指十九卷，孝經章句十卷，夏小正注，竹書紀年考，逸書補，孟子時事考，清芬樓文集等書，其周易洗心則年六十時作，觀像玩辭，時闡精理。 </p><p>啟運研窮刻苦，既受特達之知，益思報稱。年七十二，猶書自責語曰：「孔、曾、思、孟，實惟汝師。日面命汝，汝頑不知，痛自懲責，涕泗漣洏。嗚呼老矣，瞑目為期。」及總裁三禮館，喜甚，因盡發中秘所儲，平心參訂，目營手寫，漏常二十刻不輟。論必本天道，酌人情，務求合朱子遺意，而心神煎耗，竟以是終。 </p><p>十四年，詔舉經學，上諭有「任啟運研窮經術，敦樸可嘉」之語。三十七年，命中外蒐集古今群書，高宗諭曰：「歷代名臣，洎本朝士林夙望，向有詩文專集及近時沉潛經史，原本風雅，如顧棟高、陳祖範、任啟運、沈德潛輩，亦各著成編，並非剿說卮言可比。均應概行查明，在坊肆者或量為給價，家藏者或官為裝印。至有未經鐫刊祗系鈔本存留者，不妨鈔錄副本，仍將原本給還。庶幾副在石渠，用儲一覽。」於是上啟運所著書四種，入四庫中。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="全祖望"><span id=".E5.85.A8.E7.A5.96.E6.9C.9B"></span>全祖望</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节：全祖望"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">全祖望</span>，字<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">紹衣</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">鄞縣</span>人。十六歲能為古文。討論經史，證明掌故。補諸生。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">雍正</span>七年，督學<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">王蘭生</span>選以充貢，入京師，旋舉順天鄉試。戶部侍郎<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">李紱</span>見其文，曰：「此<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">深寧</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">東發</span>後一人也！」<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">乾隆</span>元年，薦舉博學鴻詞。是春會試，先成進士，選翰林院庶吉士，不再與試。時<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">張廷玉</span>當國，與<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">李紱</span>不相能，並惡<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">祖望</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">祖望</span>又不往見，二年，散館，寘之最下等，歸班以知縣用，遂不復出。方詞科諸人未集，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">紱</span>以問<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">祖望</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">祖望</span>為記四十餘人，各列所長。性伉直，既歸，貧且病，饔飧不給，人有所餽，弗受。主<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">蕺山</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">端谿書院</span>講席，為士林仰重。二十年，卒於家，年五十有一。 </p><p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">祖望</span>為學，淵博無涯涘，於書無不貫串。在翰林，與<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">紱</span>共借<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">永樂大典</span>讀之，每日各盡二十卷。時開<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">明史館</span>，復為書六通移之，先論藝文，次論表，次論忠義、隱逸兩列傳，皆以其言為韙。生平服膺<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">黃宗羲</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">宗羲</span>表章<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">明</span>季忠節諸人，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">祖望</span>益廣修<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">枌社</span>掌故、桑海遺聞以益之，詳盡而核實，可當續史。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">宗羲</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">宋元學案</span>甫創草藁，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">祖望</span>博採諸書為之補輯，編成百卷。又七校<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">水經注</span>，三箋<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">困學紀聞</span>，皆足見其汲古之深。又答弟子<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">董秉純</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">張炳</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">蔣學鏞</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">盧鎬</span>等所問經史疑義，錄為<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">經史問答</span>十卷。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">儀徵</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">阮元</span>嘗謂經學、史才、詞科三者得一足傳，而<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">祖望</span>兼之。其<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">經史問答</span>，實足以繼古賢，啟後學，與<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">顧炎武</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">日知錄</span>相埒。晚年定文藁，刪其十七，為<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">鮚埼亭文集</span>五十卷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="弟子_蔣學鏞"><span id=".E5.BC.9F.E5.AD.90_.E8.94.A3.E5.AD.B8.E9.8F.9E"></span>弟子蔣學鏞</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节：弟子蔣學鏞"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>弟子同縣<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">蔣學鏞</span>，字<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">聲始</span>。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">乾隆</span>三十六年舉人。從<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">祖望</span>得聞<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">黃</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">萬</span>學派，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">學鏞</span>尤得史學之傳。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="弟子_董秉純"><span id=".E5.BC.9F.E5.AD.90_.E8.91.A3.E7.A7.89.E7.B4.94"></span>弟子董秉純</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节：弟子董秉純"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">董秉純</span>，字<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">小鈍</span>。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">乾隆</span>十八年拔貢，補<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">廣西</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">那地州</span>州判，升<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">秦安縣</span>知縣。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">全祖望</span>文內、外集，均<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">秉純</span>一手編定。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="沈彤"><span id=".E6.B2.88.E5.BD.A4"></span>沈彤</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=29" title="编辑章节：沈彤"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>沈彤，字果堂，吳江人。自少力學，以窮經為事。貫串前人之異同，折衷至當。乾隆元年，薦舉博學鴻詞報罷，與修三禮及一統志。書成，授九品官，以親老歸。 </p><p>彤淹通三禮，以歐陽修有周禮官多田少，祿且不給之疑，後人多沿其說，即有辨者，不過以攝官為詞。乃詳究周制，撰周官祿田考，以辨正歐說。分官爵數、公田數、祿田數三篇，積算至為精密。其說自鄭注、賈疏以後，可云特出。又撰儀禮小疏一卷，取士冠禮、士昏禮、公食大夫禮、喪服、士喪禮為之疏箋，足訂舊義之譌。其果堂集十二卷，多訂正經學之文，若周官頒田異同說，五溝異同說，井田軍賦說，釋周官地徵等篇，皆援據典核。又撰春秋左氏傳小疏，尚書小疏，氣穴考略，內經本論。 </p><p>彤性至孝，親歿，三年中不茹葷，不內寢。居恆每講求經世之務，所著保甲論，其後吳德旋見之，稱為最善雲。卒，年六十五。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_蔡德晉"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E8.94.A1.E5.BE.B7.E6.99.89"></span>附蔡德晉</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=30" title="编辑章节：附蔡德晉"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>蔡德晉，字仁錫，無錫人。雍正四年舉人。乾隆二年，禮部尚書楊名時薦德晉經明行修，授國子監學正，遷工部司務。德晉嘗謂橫渠以禮教人，最得孔門博約之旨，故其律身甚嚴。其論三禮，多前人所未發。著禮經本義十七卷，禮傳本義二十卷，通禮五十卷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_盛世佐"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E7.9B.9B.E4.B8.96.E4.BD.90"></span>附盛世佐</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=31" title="编辑章节：附盛世佐"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>盛世佐，字庸三，秀水人。官貴州龍里知縣。撰儀禮集編四十卷，集眾解而研辨之，持論謹嚴。又楊復儀禮圖久行於世，然其說本注疏，而時有並註疏之意失之者，一一是正，至於諸家謬誤，辨之尤詳焉。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="江永"><span id=".E6.B1.9F.E6.B0.B8"></span>江永</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=32" title="编辑章节：江永"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>江永，字慎修，婺源人。為諸生數十年，博通古今，專心十三經注疏，而於三禮功尤深。以朱子晚年治禮，為儀禮經傳通解。書未就，黃氏、楊氏相繼纂續，亦非完書。乃廣摭博討，大綱細目，一從吉、兇、軍、嘉、賓五禮舊次，題曰禮經綱目，凡八十八卷。引據諸書，釐正發明，實足終朱子未竟之緒。嘗一至京師，桐城方苞、荊谿吳紱質以禮經疑義，皆大折服。讀書好深思，長於比勘，明推步、鐘律、聲韻。歲實消長，前人多論之者，梅文鼎略舉授時，而亦疑之。永為之說，當以恆氣為率，隨其時之高衝以算定氣，而歲實消長勿論，其說至為精當。其論黃鍾之宮，據管子、呂氏春秋以正淮南子，其論古韻平、上、去三聲，皆當為十三部，入聲當為八部，而三代以上之音，始有條不紊。晚年讀書有得，隨筆撰記。謂周易以反對為次序，卦變當於反對取之。否反為泰，泰反為否，故「小往大來」，「大往小來」，是其例也。凡曰來、曰下、曰反，自反卦之外卦來居內卦也。曰往、曰上、曰進、曰升，自反卦之內卦往居外卦也。又謂兵、農之分，春秋時已然，不起於秦、漢。證以管子、左傳，兵常近國都，野處之農固不隸於師旅也。其於經、傳稽考精審多類此。 </p><p>所著有周禮疑義舉要七卷，禮記訓義擇言六卷，深衣考誤一卷，律呂闡微十卷，律呂新論二卷，春秋地理考實四卷，鄉黨圖考十一卷，讀書隨筆十二卷，古韻標準四卷，四聲切韻表四卷，音學辨微一卷，河洛精蘊九卷，推步法解五卷，七政衍、金水二星發微、冬至權度、恆氣注歷辨、歲實消長辨、歷學補論、中西合法擬草各一卷，近思錄集注十四卷，考訂朱子世家一卷。乾隆二十七年，卒，年八十二。弟子甚眾，而戴震、程瑤田、金榜尤得其傳。雲、榜自有傳。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="弟子_程瑤田"><span id=".E5.BC.9F.E5.AD.90_.E7.A8.8B.E7.91.A4.E7.94.B0"></span>弟子程瑤田</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=33" title="编辑章节：弟子程瑤田"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>瑤田，字易疇，歙人。讀書好深沉之思，學於江氏。乾隆三十五年舉人，選授太倉州學正。以身率教，廉潔自持。告歸之日，錢大昕、王鳴盛皆贈詩推重，至與平湖陸隴其並稱。嘉慶元年，舉孝廉方正。同時舉者，推錢大昭、江聲、陳鱣三人，阮元獨謂瑤田足以冠之。平生著述，長於旁搜曲證，不屑依傍傳注，所著曰喪服足徵記，宗法小記，溝洫疆裡小記，禹貢三江考，九穀考，磬折古義，水地小記，解字小記，聲律小記，考工創物小記，釋草釋蟲小記。年老目盲，猶口授孫輩成琴音記。東原戴氏自謂尚遜其精密。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="褚寅亮"><span id=".E8.A4.9A.E5.AF.85.E4.BA.AE"></span>褚寅亮</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=34" title="编辑章节：褚寅亮"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>褚寅亮，字搢升，長洲人。乾隆十六年召試舉人，授內閣中書，官至刑部員外郎。寅亮少以博雅名，心思精銳，於史書魯魚，一見便能訂其誤謬。中年覃精經術，一以注疏為歸。從事禮經幾三十年，墨守家法，專主鄭學。鄭氏周禮、禮記注，妄庸人群起嗤點之，獨儀禮為孤學，能發揮者固絕無，而謬加指摘者亦尚少。惟敖繼公集說，多巧竄經文，陰就己說。後儒苦經注難讀，喜其平易，無疵之者。萬斯大、沈彤於鄭注亦多所糾駮，至張爾岐、馬駉但粗為演繹，其於敖氏之似是而非，均未能正其失也。寅亮著儀禮管見三卷，於敖氏洞見其癥結，驅豁其雺霧。 </p><p>時公羊何氏學久無循習者，所謂五始、三科、九旨、七等、六輔、二類之義，不傳於世，惟武進莊存與默會其解，而寅亮能闡發之，撰公羊釋例三十篇。謂三傳惟公羊為漢學，孔子作春秋，本為後王制作，訾議公羊者，實違經旨。又因何劭公言禮有殷制，有時王之制，與周禮不同，作周禮公羊異義二卷，世稱為絕業。又長於算術，著句股廣問三卷，校正三統術衍刊本誤字甚多，其中月相求六扐之數句，六扐當作七扐；推閏餘所在加十得一句，加十當作加七：皆寅亮說也。 </p><p>著有十三經筆記十卷，諸史筆記八卷，諸子筆記二卷，名家文集筆記七卷，藏於家。四十六年，以病告歸，主常州龍城書院八年。五十五年，卒，年七十六。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="盧文弨"><span id=".E7.9B.A7.E6.96.87.E5.BC.A8"></span>盧文弨</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=35" title="编辑章节：盧文弨"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>盧文弨，字召弓，餘姚人。父存心，乾隆初舉博學鴻詞科。文弨，乾隆十七年一甲進士，授翰林院編修，上書房行走。歷官左春坊左中允、翰林院侍讀學士。三十年，充廣東鄉試正考官。三十一年，提督湖南學政，以條陳學政事宜，部議降三級用。三十三年，乞養歸。 </p><p>文弨孝謹篤厚，潛心漢學，與戴震、段玉裁友善。好校書，所校逸周書、孟子音義、荀子、呂氏春秋、賈誼新書、韓詩外傳、春秋繁露、方言、白虎通、獨斷、經典釋文諸善本，鏤板惠學者。又苦鏤板難多，則合經、史、子、集三十八種而名之曰群書拾補。所自著書有抱經堂集三十四卷，儀禮注疏詳校十七卷，鍾山劄記四卷，龍城劄記三卷，廣雅釋天以下注二卷，皆使學者諟正積非，蓄疑渙釋。其言曰：「唐人之為義疏也，本單行，不與經注合。單行經注，唐以後尚多善本，自宋後附疏於經注，而所附之經注非必孔、賈諸人所據之本也，則兩相齟《齒吾》矣。南宋後又附經典釋文於注疏間，而陸氏所據之經注，又非孔、賈諸人所據也，則齟《齒吾》更多矣。淺人必比而同之，則彼此互改，多失其真，幸有改之不盡，以滋其齟《齒吾》，啟人考核者，故注疏、釋文合刻，似便而非古法也。」其特識多類此。 </p><p>文弨歷主江、浙各書院講席，以經術導士，江、浙士子多信從之，學術為之一變。六十年，卒，年七十九。 </p><p>文弨校書，參合各本，擇善而從，頗引他書改本書，而不專主一說，故嚴元照詆其儀禮詳校，顧廣圻譏其釋文考證，後黃丕烈影宋刻書，各本同異另編於後，兩家各有宗旨，亦互相補苴云。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_顧廣圻"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E9.A1.A7.E5.BB.A3.E5.9C.BB"></span>附顧廣圻</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=36" title="编辑章节：附顧廣圻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>顧廣圻，字千里，元和人。諸生。吳中自惠氏父子後，江聲繼之，後進翕然多好古窮經之士。廣圻讀惠氏書，盡通其義。論經學云：「漢人治經，最重師法。古文今文，其說各異。若混而一之，則轇轕不勝矣。」論小學云：「說文一書，不過為六書發凡，原非字義盡於此。」 </p><p>廣圻天質過人，經、史、訓詁、天算、輿地靡不貫通，至於目錄之學，尤為專門，時人方之王仲寶、阮孝緒。兼工校讎，同時孫星衍、張敦仁、黃丕烈、胡克家延校宋本說文、禮記、儀禮、國語、國策、文選諸書，皆為之札記，考定文字，有益後學。乾、嘉間以校讎名家，文弨及廣圻為最著雲。又時為漢學者多譏宋儒，廣圻獨取先儒語錄，摘其切近者，為遯翁苦口一卷，以教學者。著有思適齋文集十八卷。道光十九年，卒，年七十。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="錢大昕"><span id=".E9.8C.A2.E5.A4.A7.E6.98.95"></span>錢大昕</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=37" title="编辑章节：錢大昕"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">錢大昕</span>，字<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">曉徵</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">嘉定</span>人。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">乾隆</span>十六年召試舉人，授內閣中書。十九年進士，選翰林院庶吉士，散館授編修。大考二等一名，擢右春坊右贊善。累充<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">山東</span>鄉試、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">湖南</span>鄉試正考官，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">浙江</span>鄉試副考官。大考一等三名，擢翰林院侍講學士。三十二年，乞假歸。三十四年，補原官。入直上書房，遷詹事府少詹事，充<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">河南</span>鄉試正考官。尋提督<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">廣東</span>學政。四十年，丁父艱，服闋，又丁母艱，病不復出。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">嘉慶</span>九年，卒，年七十七。 </p><p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">大昕</span>幼慧，善讀書。時<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">元和</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">惠棟</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">吳江</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">沈彤</span>以經術稱，其學求之<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">十三經注疏</span>，又求之<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">唐</span>以前子、史、小學。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">大昕</span>推而廣之，錯綜貫串，發古人所未發。任中書時，與<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">吳烺</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">褚寅亮</span>同習<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">梅氏</span>算術。及入翰林，禮部尚書<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">何國宗</span>世業天文，年已老，聞其善算，先往見之，曰：「今同館諸公談此道者鮮矣。」 </p><p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">大昕</span>於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">中</span>、西兩法，剖析無遺。用以觀史，自太初、三統、四分，中至大衍，下迄授時，朔望薄蝕，凌犯進退，抉摘無遺。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">漢</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">三統術</span>為七十餘家之權輿，訛文奧義，無能正之者。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">大昕</span>衍之，據<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">班</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">志</span>以闡<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">劉歆</span>之說，裁<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">志</span>文之訛，二千年已絕之學，昭然若發蒙。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">大昕</span>又謂：「古法歲陰與太歲不同，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">淮南</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">天文訓</span>攝提以下十二名，皆謂歲陰所在。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">史記</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">太初</span>元年年名焉逢、攝提格者，歲陰，非太歲也。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">東漢</span>後不用歲陰紀年，又不知太歲超辰之法，乃以<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">太初</span>元年為丁丑歲，則與<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">史</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">漢</span>之文皆悖矣。」又謂：「<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">尚書緯</span>四遊升降之說，即西法日躔最高、卑之說，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">宋</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">楊忠輔</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">統天術</span>以距差乘躔差，減氣汎積為定積，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">梅文鼎</span>謂<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">郭守敬</span>加減歲餘法出於此。但<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">統天</span>求汎積，必先減氣差十九日有奇，與<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">郭</span>又異，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">文鼎</span>不能言。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">大昕</span>推之同，凡步氣朔，必以甲子日起算，今<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">統天</span>上元冬至乃戊子日，不值甲子，依<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">授時</span>法當加氣應二十四日有奇，乃得從甲子起。今減去氣差，是以上元冬至後甲子日起算也。既如此，當減氣應三十五日有奇，今減十九日有奇者，去躔差之數不算也。求天正經朔又減閏差者，經朔當從合朔起算。今推得<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">統天</span>上元冬至後第一朔乃乙丑戌初二刻弱，故必減閏差而後以朔實除之，即<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">授時</span>之朔應也。」 </p><p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">大昕</span>始以辭章名，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">沈德潛</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">吳中七子詩選</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">大昕</span>居一。既乃研精經、史，於經義之聚訟難決者，皆能剖析源流。文字、音韻、訓詁、天算、地理、氏族、金石以及古人爵裡、事實、年齒，瞭如指掌。古人賢姦是非疑似難明者，典章制度昔人不能明斷者，皆有確見。惟不喜二氏書，嘗曰：「立德立功立言，吾儒之不朽也。先儒言<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">釋氏</span>近於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">墨</span>，予以為<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">釋氏</span>亦終於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">楊氏</span>為己而已。彼棄父母而學道，是視己重於父母也。」 </p><p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">大昕</span>在館時，常與修<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">音韻述微</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">續文獻通考</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">續通志</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">一統志</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">天球圖</span>諸書。所著有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">唐石經考異</span>一卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">經典文字考異</span>一卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">聲類</span>四卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">廿二史考異</span>一百卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">唐書史臣表</span>一卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">唐五代學士年表</span>二卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">宋學士年表</span>一卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">元史氏族表</span>三卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">元史藝文志</span>四卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">三史拾遺</span>五卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">諸史拾遺</span>五卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">通鑑注辨證</span>三卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">四史朔閏考</span>四卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">吳興舊德錄</span>四卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">先德錄</span>四卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">洪文惠</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">洪文敏</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">王伯厚</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">王弇州</span>四家<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">年譜</span>各一卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">疑年錄</span>三卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">潛揅堂文集</span>五十卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">詩集</span>二十卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">潛揅堂金石文跋尾</span>二十五卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">養新錄</span>二十三卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">恆言錄</span>六卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">竹汀日記鈔</span>三卷。族子<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">塘</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">坫</span>，能傳其學。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="族子_塘"><span id=".E6.97.8F.E5.AD.90_.E5.A1.98"></span>族子塘</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=38" title="编辑章节：族子塘"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">塘</span>，字<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">學淵</span>。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">乾隆</span>四十五年進士，改教職，選<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">江寧府</span>學教授。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">塘</span>少<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">大昕</span>七歲，相與共學，又與<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">大昕</span>弟<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">大昭</span>及弟<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">坫</span>相切磋，為實事求是之學，於聲音文字、律呂推步尤有神解。著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">律呂古義</span>六卷，據所得<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">漢</span>慮俿銅尺正<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">荀勖</span>以<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">劉歆</span>銅斛尺為<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">周</span>尺之非。謂<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">周</span>本八寸尺，不可以製律，律必用十寸尺，即昔人所云<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">夏</span>尺。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">周</span>因<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">夏</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">商</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">夏</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">商</span>因<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">唐</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">虞</span>，古律當無異度。又<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">史記三書釋疑</span>三卷，於律曆天官家言皆究其原本，而以他書疏通證明之。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">律書</span>「上九、商八、羽七、角六、宮五、徵九」數語，注家皆不能曉，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">小司馬</span>疑其數錯。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">塘</span>據<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">淮南子</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">太玄經</span>證之，始信其確。又著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">泮宮雅樂釋律</span>四卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">說文聲繫</span>二十卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">淮南天文訓補注</span>三卷。其所作古文曰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">述古編</span>凡四卷。卒，年五十六。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="族子_坫"><span id=".E6.97.8F.E5.AD.90_.E5.9D.AB"></span>族子坫</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=39" title="编辑章节：族子坫"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">坫</span>，字<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">獻之</span>。副榜貢生。遊京師，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">朱筠</span>引為上客。以直隸州州判官於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">陝</span>，與<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">洪亮吉</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">孫星衍</span>討論訓詁輿地之學，論者謂<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">坫</span>沉博不及<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">大昕</span>，而精當過之。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">嘉慶</span>二年，教匪擾<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">陝西</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">坫</span>時署<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">華州</span>，率眾乘城，力遏其衝。城無弓矢，仿古為合竹強弓，厚背紙為翎，二人共發之，達百五十步；又以意為發石之法，石重十斤，達三百步：前後斃賊無算，城獲全。以積勞得末疾，引歸。著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">史記補注</span>百三十卷，詳於音訓及郡縣沿革、山川所在。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">陝甘</span>總督<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">松筠</span>重其品學，親至臥榻問疾，索未刊著述，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">坫</span>取付之。曰：「三十年精力，盡於此書矣！」十一年，卒，年六十六。又有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">詩音表</span>一卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">車制考</span>一卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">論語後錄</span>五卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">爾雅釋義</span>十卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">釋地以下四篇注</span>四卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">十經文字通正書</span>十四卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">說文斠銓</span>十四卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">新斠注地理志</span>十六卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">漢書十表注</span>十卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">聖賢塚墓誌</span>十二卷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="王鳴盛"><span id=".E7.8E.8B.E9.B3.B4.E7.9B.9B"></span>王鳴盛</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=40" title="编辑章节：王鳴盛"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">王鳴盛</span>，字<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">鳳喈</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">嘉定</span>人。幼從<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">長洲</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">沈德潛</span>受詩，後又從<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">惠棟</span>問經義，遂通漢學。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">乾隆</span>十九年，以一甲進士授翰林院編修，大考翰詹第一，擢侍讀學士。充<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">福建</span>鄉試正考官，尋擢內閣學士，兼禮部侍郎。坐濫支驛馬，左遷光祿寺卿。丁內艱，遂不復出。 </p><p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">鳴盛</span>性儉素，無聲色玩好之娛，晏坐一室，吚唔如寒士。嘗言：「<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">漢</span>人說經必守家法，自<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">唐</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">貞觀</span>撰諸經義疏而家法亡，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">宋</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">元豐</span>以新經學取士而<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">漢</span>學殆絕，今好古之儒皆知崇注疏矣，然注疏惟<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">詩</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">三禮</span>及<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">公羊傳</span>猶是<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">漢</span>人家法，他經注則出<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">魏</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">晉</span>人。未為醇備。」著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">尚書後案</span>三十卷，專述<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">鄭康成</span>之學，若<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">鄭注</span>亡逸，採<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">馬</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">王</span>注補之。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">孔傳</span>雖出<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">東晉</span>，其訓詁猶有傳授，間一取焉。又謂<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">東晉</span>所獻之<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">太誓</span>偽，而<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">唐</span>人所斥之<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">太誓</span>非偽，故附書今文<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">太誓</span>一篇，存古之功，自謂不減<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">惠氏</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">周易述</span>也。又著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">周禮軍賦說</span>四卷，發明<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">鄭氏</span>之旨。又<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">十七史商榷</span>一百卷，於一史中紀、志、表、傳互相稽考，因而得其異同，又取稗史叢說以證其舛誤，於輿地、職官、典章、名物每致詳焉。別撰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">蛾術編</span>一百卷，其為目十：<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">說錄</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">說字</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">說地</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">說制</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">說人</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">說物</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">說集</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">說刻</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">說通</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">說系</span>，蓋仿<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">王應麟</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">顧炎武</span>之意，而援引尤博。詩以才輔學，以韻達情。古文用<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">歐</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">曾</span>之法，闡<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">許</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">鄭</span>之義，有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">詩文集</span>四十卷。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">嘉慶</span>二年，卒，年七十六。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="弟子_金曰追"><span id=".E5.BC.9F.E5.AD.90_.E9.87.91.E6.9B.B0.E8.BF.BD"></span>弟子金曰追</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=41" title="编辑章节：弟子金曰追"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>弟子同縣<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">金曰追</span>，字<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">對揚</span>。諸生。深於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">九經正義</span>，每有疑譌，隨條輒錄，先成<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">儀禮注疏正偽</span>十七卷。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">阮元</span>奉詔校勘<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">儀禮石經</span>，多采其說。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="吳凌雲"><span id=".E5.90.B3.E5.87.8C.E9.9B.B2"></span>吳凌雲</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=42" title="编辑章节：吳凌雲"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>時同縣通經學者，有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">吳凌雲</span>，字<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">得青</span>。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">嘉慶</span>五年歲貢。讀書深造，經師遺說，靡不通貫。嘗假館<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">錢大昕</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">孱守齋</span>，盡讀所藏書，學益邃。所著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">十三經考異</span>，援據精核，多前人所未發。又<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">經說</span>三卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">小學說</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">廣韻說</span>各一卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">海鹽</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">陳其幹</span>為合刊之，題曰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">吳氏遺著</span>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="戴震"><span id=".E6.88.B4.E9.9C.87"></span>戴震</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=43" title="编辑章节：戴震"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">戴震</span>，字<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">東原</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">休寧</span>人。讀書好深湛之思，少時塾師授以<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">說文</span>，三年盡得其節目。年十六七，研精注疏，實事求是，不主一家。與郡人<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">鄭牧</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">汪肇龍</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">方矩</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">程瑤田</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">金榜</span>從<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">婺源</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">江永</span>遊，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">震</span>出所學質之<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">永</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">永</span>為之駭嘆。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">永</span>精<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">禮</span>經及推步、鐘律、音聲、文字之學，惟<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">震</span>能得其全。 </p><p>性特介。年二十八補諸生，家屢空，而學日進。與<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">吳縣</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">惠棟</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">吳江</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">沈彤</span>為忘年友。以避仇入都，北方學者如<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">獻縣</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">紀昀</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">大興</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">朱筠</span>，南方學者如<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">嘉定</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">錢大昕</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">王鳴盛</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">餘姚</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">盧文弨</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">青浦</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">王昶</span>，皆折節與交。尚書<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">秦蕙田</span>纂<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">五禮通考</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">震</span>任其事焉。 </p><p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">乾隆</span>二十七年，舉鄉試，三十八年，詔開<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">四庫館</span>，徵海內淹貫之士司編校之職，總裁薦<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">震</span>充纂修。四十年，特命與會試中式者同赴殿試，賜同進士出身，改翰林院庶吉士。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">震</span>以文學受知，出入著作之庭。館中有奇文疑義，輒就諮訪。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">震</span>亦思勤修其職，晨夕披檢，無間寒暑。經進圖籍，論次精審。所校<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">大戴禮記</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">水經注</span>尤精核。又於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">永樂大典</span>內得<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">九章</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">五曹算經</span>七種，皆<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">王錫闡</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">梅文鼎</span>所未見。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">震</span>正譌補脫以進，得旨刊行。四十二年，卒於官，年五十有五。 </p><p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">震</span>之學，由聲音、文字以求訓詁，由訓詁以尋義理。謂：「義理不可空憑胸臆，必求之於古經。求之古經而遺文垂絕，今古懸隔，必求之古訓。古訓明則古經明，古經明則賢人聖人之義理明，而我心之同然者，乃因之而明。義理非他，存乎典章制度者也。彼歧古訓、義理而二之，是古訓非以明義理，而義理不寓乎典章制度，勢必流入於異學曲說而不自知也。」 </p><p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">震</span>為學精誠解辨，每立一義，初若創獲，乃參考之，果不可易。大約有三：曰小學，曰測算，曰典章制度。 </p><p>其小學書有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">六書論</span>三卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">聲韻考</span>四卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">聲類表</span>九卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">方言疏證</span>十卷。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">漢</span>以後轉注之學失傳，好古如<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">顧炎武</span>，亦不深省。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">震</span>謂：「指事、象形、諧聲、會意四者為書之體，假借、轉注二者為書之用。一字具數用者為假借，數字共一用者為轉注。初、哉、首、基之皆為始，工卩、吾、台、予之皆為我，其義轉相注也。」又自<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">漢</span>以來，古音浸微，學者於六書之故，靡所從入。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">顧氏</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">古音表</span>，入聲與<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">廣韻</span>相反。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">震</span>謂：「有入無入之韻，當兩兩相配，以入聲為之樞紐。真至仙十四韻，與脂、微、齊、皆、灰五韻同入聲；東至江四韻及陽至登八韻，與支、之、佳、咍、蕭、宵、餚、豪、尤、侯、幽十一韻同入聲；浸至凡九韻之入聲，則從<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">廣韻</span>，無與之配。魚、虞、模、歌、戈、麻六韻，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">廣韻</span>無入聲，今同以鐸為入聲，不與唐相配。而古音遞轉及六書諧聲之故，胥可由此得之。」皆古人所未發。 </p><p>其測算書<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">原像</span>一卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">迎日推策記</span>一卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">句股割圜記</span>三卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">曆問</span>一卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">古曆考</span>二卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">續天文略</span>三卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">策算</span>一卷。自<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">漢</span>以來，疇人不知有黃極，西人入<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">中國</span>，始云赤道極之外又有黃道極，是為七政恆星右旋之樞，詫為<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">六經</span>所未有。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">震</span>謂：「西人所云赤極，即<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">周髀</span>之正北極也，黃極即<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">周髀</span>之北極璿璣也。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">虞書</span>'在璿璣玉衡，以齊七政'，蓋設璿璣以擬黃道極也。黃極在柱史星東南，上弼、少弼之間，終古不隨歲差而改。赤極居中，黃極環繞其外，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">周髀</span>固已言之，不始於西人也。」 </p><p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">震</span>所著典章制度之書未成。有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">詩經二南補注</span>二卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">毛鄭詩考</span>四卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">尚書義考</span>一卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">儀經考正</span>一卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">考工記圖</span>二卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">春秋即位改元考</span>一卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">大學補注</span>一卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">中庸補注</span>一卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">孟子字義疏證</span>三卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">爾雅文字考</span>十卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">經說</span>四卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">水地記</span>一卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">水經注</span>四十卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">九章補圖</span>一卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">屈原賦注</span>七卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">通釋</span>三卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">原善</span>三卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">緒言</span>三卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">直隸河渠書</span>一百有二卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">氣穴記</span>一卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">藏府算經論</span>四卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">葬法贅言</span>四卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">文集</span>十卷。 </p><p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">震</span>卒後，其小學，則<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">高郵</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">王念孫</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">金壇</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">段玉裁</span>傳之；測算之學，曲阜<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">孔廣森</span>傳之；典章制度之學，則<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">興化</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">任大椿</span>傳之：皆其弟子也。後十餘年，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">高宗</span>以<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">震</span>所校<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">水經注</span>問南書房諸臣曰：「<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">戴震</span>尚在否？」對曰：「已死。」上惋惜久之。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">王念孫</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">段玉裁</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">孔廣森</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">任大椿</span>自有傳。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_金榜"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E9.87.91.E6.A6.9C"></span>附金榜</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=44" title="编辑章节：附金榜"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">金榜</span>，字<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">輔之</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">歙縣</span>人。乾隆二十九年召試舉人，授內閣中書，軍機處行走。三十七年一甲一名進士，授翰林院修撰。散館後，養疴讀書不復出，卒於家。師事<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">江永</span>，友<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">戴震</span>，著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">禮箋</span>十卷，刺取其大者數十事為三卷，寄<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">朱珪</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">珪</span>序之，以為詞精義核。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">榜</span>治<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">禮</span>最尊<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">康成</span>，然博稽而精思，慎求而能斷。嘗援<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">鄭志</span>答<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">趙商</span>云：「不信亦非，悉信亦非。」曰：「斯言也，敢以為治經之大法。故<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">鄭</span>義所未衷者必糾正之，於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">鄭氏</span>家法不敢誣也。」 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="段玉裁"><span id=".E6.AE.B5.E7.8E.89.E8.A3.81"></span>段玉裁</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=45" title="编辑章节：段玉裁"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">段玉裁</span>，字<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">若膺</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">金壇</span>人。生而穎異，讀書有兼人之資。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">乾隆</span>二十五年舉人，至京師見<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">休寧</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">戴震</span>，好其學，遂師事之。以教習得<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">貴州</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">玉屏縣</span>知縣，旋調<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">四川</span>，署<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">富順</span>及<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">南溪縣</span>事，又辦理<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">化林坪</span>站務。時大兵徵<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">金川</span>，輓輸絡繹，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">玉裁</span>處分畢，輒篝鐙著述不輟。著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">六書音均表</span>五卷。古韻自<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">顧炎武</span>析為十部，後<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">江永</span>复析為十三部，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">玉裁</span>謂支、佳一部也，脂、微、齊皆、灰一部也，之、咍一部也，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">漢</span>人猶未嘗淆借通用。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">晉</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">宋</span>而後，乃少有出入。迄乎<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">唐</span>之功令，支注「脂、之同用」，佳注「皆同用」，灰注「咍同用」，於是古之截然為三者，罕有知之。又謂真、臻、先、與諄、文、殷、魂、痕為二，尤、幽與侯為二，得十七部。其書始名<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">詩經韻譜</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">羣經韻譜</span>。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">嘉定</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">錢大昕</span>見之，以為鑿破混沌，後易其體例，增以新加，十七部蓋如舊也。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">震</span>偉其所學之精，云自<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">唐</span>以來講韻學者所未發。尋任<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">巫山縣</span>，年四十六，以父老引疾歸，鍵戶不問世事者三十餘年。 </p><p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">玉裁</span>於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">周</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">秦</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">兩漢</span>書，無所不讀，諸家小學，皆別擇其是非。於是積數十年精力，專說<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">說文</span>，著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">說文解字注</span>三十卷，謂：「<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">爾雅</span>以下，義書也；<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">聲類</span>以下，音書也；<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">說文</span>，形書也。凡篆一字，先訓其義，次釋其形，次釋其音，合三者以完一篆，故曰形書。」又謂：「<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">許</span>以形為主，因形以說音、說義。其所說義，與他書絕不同者，他書多假借，則字多非本義，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">許</span>惟就字說其本義。知何者為本義，乃知何者為假借，則本義乃假借之權衡也。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">說文</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">爾雅</span>相為表裏，治<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">說文</span>而後<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">爾雅</span>及傳注明。」又謂：「自<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">倉頡</span>造字時至<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">唐</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">虞</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">三代</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">秦</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">漢</span>以及<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">許叔重</span>造<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">說文</span>，曰'某聲'、曰'讀若某'者，皆條理合一不紊。故既用<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">徐鉉</span>切音，又某字志之曰古音第幾部，後附<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">六書音均表</span>，俾形、聲相為表裏。始為長編，名<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">說文解字讀</span>，凡五百四十卷。既乃隱括之成此注。」<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">玉裁</span>又以：「<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">說文</span>者，說字之書，故有'讀如'、無'讀為'，說經、傳之書，必兼是二者。漢人作注，於字發疑正讀，其例有三：'讀如'、'讀若'者，擬其音也，比方之詞；'讀為' '讀曰'者，易其字也，變化之詞；'當為'者，定為字之誤、聲之誤，而改其字也，救正之詞：三者分，而<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">漢</span>注可讀，而經可讀。」述<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">漢讀考</span>，先成<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">周禮</span>六卷，又撰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">禮經漢讀考</span>一卷，其他十六卷未成。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">儀徵</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">阮元</span>謂<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">玉裁</span>書有功於天下後世者三：言古音一也，言<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">說文</span>二也，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">漢讀考</span>三也。其他說經之書，以<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">漢志</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">毛詩</span>經、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">毛詩古訓傳</span>本各自為書，因釐次傳文，還其舊著，重訂<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">毛詩古訓傳</span>三十卷。以諸經惟<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">尚書</span>離厄最甚，古文幾亡，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">賈逵</span>分別古今，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">劉陶</span>是正文字，其書皆不存。乃廣蒐補闕，正<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">晉</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">唐</span>之妄改，存<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">周</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">漢</span>之駮文，著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">古文尚書撰異</span>三十二卷。又錄<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">左氏</span>經文，取<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">鄭</span>注<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">禮</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">周禮</span>，存古文、今文故書之例，附見<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">公羊</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">穀梁</span>經文之異，著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">春秋左氏古經</span>十二卷，而以<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">左氏傳五十凡</span>附後。外有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">毛詩小學</span>三十卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">汲古閣說文訂</span>六卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">經韻樓集</span>十二卷。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">嘉慶</span>二十年，卒，年八十一。 </p><p>初，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">玉裁</span>與<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">念孫</span>俱師<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">震</span>，故<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">戴氏</span>有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">段</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">王</span>兩家之學，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">玉裁</span>少<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">震</span>四歲，謙，專執弟子禮，雖耄，或稱<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">震</span>，必垂手拱立，朔望必莊誦<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">震</span>手札一通。卒後，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">王念孫</span>謂其弟子<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">長洲</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">陳奐</span>曰：「<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">若膺</span>死，天下遂無讀書人矣！」<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">玉裁</span>弟子，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">長洲</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">徐頲</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">嘉興</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">沈濤</span>及女夫<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">仁和</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">龔麗正</span>俱知名，而<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">奐</span>尤得其傳，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">奐</span>自有傳。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_鈕樹玉"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E9.88.95.E6.A8.B9.E7.8E.89"></span>附鈕樹玉</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=46" title="编辑章节：附鈕樹玉"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">鈕樹玉</span>，字<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">匪石</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">吳縣</span>人。篤志好古，不為科舉之業，精研文字聲音訓詁。謂<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">說文</span>懸諸日月而不刊者也，後人以新附淆之，誣<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">許君</span>矣。因博稽載籍，著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">說文新附考</span>六卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">續考</span>一卷。又著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">說文解字校錄</span>三十卷。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">樹玉</span>後見<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">玉裁</span>書，著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">段氏說文注訂</span>八卷，所駮正之處，皆有依據。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_徐承慶"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E5.BE.90.E6.89.BF.E6.85.B6"></span>附徐承慶</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=47" title="编辑章节：附徐承慶"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">徐承慶</span>，字<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">夢祥</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">元和</span>人。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">乾隆</span>五十一年舉人，官至<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">山西</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">汾州府</span>知府。著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">段注匡謬</span>十五卷，其攻瑕索瘢，尤勝<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">鈕氏</span>之書，皆力求其是，非故為吹求者。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="孫志祖"><span id=".E5.AD.AB.E5.BF.97.E7.A5.96"></span>孫志祖</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=48" title="编辑章节：孫志祖"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>孫志祖，字詒穀，仁和人。乾隆三十一年進士，改刑部主事，洊升郎中，擢江南道監察御史，乞養歸。志祖清修自好，讀經史必釋其疑而後已，著讀書脞錄七卷，考論經、子、雜家，折衷精詳，不為武斷之論。又家語疏證六卷，謂王肅作聖證論以攻康成，又偽撰家語，飾其說以欺世。因博集群書，凡肅所剿竊者，皆疏通證明之。又謂孔叢子亦王肅偽託，其小爾雅亦肅借古書以自文，並作疏證以辨其妄。幼熟精文選，後乃仿韓文考異之例，參稽眾說，正俗本之誤，為文選考異四卷。又輯前人及朋輩論說，為文選注補正四卷。又有文選理學權輿補一卷。輯風俗通逸文一卷，補正姚之駰輯謝承後漢書五卷。嘉慶六年，卒，年六十五。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_翟灝"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E7.BF.9F.E7.81.9D"></span>附翟灝</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=49" title="编辑章节：附翟灝"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>翟灝，字大川，亦仁和人。乾隆十九年進士，官金華、衢州府學教授。氵顥見聞淹博，又能蒐奇引痺，嘗與錢塘梁玉繩論王肅撰家語難鄭氏，欲搜考以證其譌，因握筆互疏所出，頃刻數十事。時方被酒，旋罷去，未竟藁，其精力殊絕人也。著有爾雅補郭二卷，以爾雅郭注未詳、未聞者百四十二科，邢疏補言其十，餘仍闕如，乃參稽眾家，一一備說。又云：「古爾雅當有釋禮篇，與釋樂篇相隨。祭名與講武、旌旂三章，乃釋禮之殘缺失次者。」又著四書考異七十二卷，皆貫串精審，為世所推。他著又有家語發覆、通俗篇、湖山便覽、無不宜齋詩文藁。五十三年，卒。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_梁玉繩"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E6.A2.81.E7.8E.89.E7.B9.A9"></span>附梁玉繩</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=50" title="编辑章节：附梁玉繩"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>梁玉繩，字曜北，錢塘人。增貢生。家世貴顯，玉繩不志富貴，自號清白士。嘗語弟履繩曰：「後漢襄陽樊氏，顯重當時。子孫雖無名德盛位，世世作書生門戶，原與弟共勉之！」故玉繩年未四十，棄舉子業，專心撰著。其瞥記七卷，多釋經之文，有裨古義。玉繩尤精乙部書，著史記志疑三十六卷，據經、傳以糾乖違，參班、荀以究同異，錢大昕稱其書為龍門功臣。著人表考九卷，謂班氏借用禹貢田賦九等之目，造端自馬遷。史記李將軍傳云：「李蔡為人在下中。」其說頗是。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_履繩"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E5.B1.A5.E7.B9.A9"></span>附履繩</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=51" title="编辑章节：附履繩"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>履繩，字處素。乾隆五十三年舉人。與兄玉繩相礱錯，有元方、季方之目。其於眾經中尤精左氏傳，謂隋志載賈逵解詁、服虔解義各數十卷，今俱亡佚。杜氏參用賈、服，仲達作疏，間有稱引，未睹其全。亦如馬融諸儒之說，僅存單文只義。唐以後注左氏者，惟張洽、趙汸最為明晰，大抵詳書法而略紀載。履繩綜覽諸家，旁採眾籍，以廣杜之所未備，作左通補釋三十二卷。又有未成者五門：曰廣傳、考異、駁證、古音、臆說。錢大昕見其書，嘆為絕恉。通說文，下筆鮮俗字。年四十六，卒。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_汪家禧"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E6.B1.AA.E5.AE.B6.E7.A6.A7"></span>附汪家禧</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=52" title="编辑章节：附汪家禧"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>汪家禧，字漢郊，仁和人。諸生。穎敏特異，通漢易，作易消息解。所著書數十卷，毀於火。其友秀水莊仲方、門人仁和許乃穀輯其遺文，為東里生燼餘集三卷。文多說經，粹然有家法。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="劉台拱"><span id=".E5.8A.89.E5.8F.B0.E6.8B.B1"></span>劉台拱</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=53" title="编辑章节：劉台拱"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>劉台拱，字端臨，寶應人。性至孝，六歲，母朱氏歿，哀如成人。事繼母鍾氏，與親母同。九歲作顏子頌，斐然成章，觀者稱為神童。中乾隆三十五年舉人，屢試禮部不第。是時朝廷開四庫館，海內方聞綴學之士云集。台拱在都，與學士朱筠、編修程晉芳、庶吉士戴震、學士邵晉涵及其同郡御史任大椿、給事中王念孫等交遊，稽經考古，旦夕討論。自天文、律呂至於聲音、文字，靡不該貫。其於漢、宋諸儒之說，不專一家，而惟是之求。精思所到，如與古作者晤言一室而知其意指之所在，比之閻若璩，蓋相伯仲也。段玉裁每謂「潛心三禮，吾所不如」。 </p><p>選丹徒縣訓導。取儀禮十七篇除喪服外各繪為圖，與諸生習禮容，為發明先王制作之精意。迎兩親學署，雍雍色養，年雖五十，有孺子之慕。嘗客他所，忽心痛驟歸，母病危甚，乃悉心奉湯藥，衣不解帶者數旬，母病遂愈。逮丁內外艱，水漿不入口。既斂，枕苫、啜粥，哭泣之哀，震動鄰里。居喪蔬食五年，出就外寢，以哀毀過情卒，年五十有五。 </p><p>與同郡汪中為文章道義交，中歿，撫其孤喜孫，賴以成立。武進臧庸常以說經之文請益，台拱善之。卹其窮，周其困，飲食教誨，十七年如一日，庸心感焉。台拱慕黃叔度之為人，王昶稱其有曾、閔之孝。著有論語駢枝、經傳小記、國語補校、荀子補注、方言補校、淮南子補校、漢學拾遺、文集，都為端臨遺書凡八卷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="同邑_朱彬"><span id=".E5.90.8C.E9.82.91_.E6.9C.B1.E5.BD.AC"></span>同邑朱彬</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=54" title="编辑章节：同邑朱彬"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>同邑朱彬，字武曹。乾隆六十年舉人。彬幼有至行，年十一喪母，哀戚如成人。長丁父憂，斂葬盡禮，三年蔬食居外。自少至老，好學不厭。承其鄉王懋竑經法，與外兄劉台拱互相切磋。每有所得，輒以書札往來辨難，必求其是而後已。於訓詁、聲音、文字之學，用力尤深。著有經傳考證八卷，禮記訓纂四十九卷，虎觀諸儒所論議，鄭志弟子之問答，以及魏、晉以降諸儒之訓釋，書鈔、通典、御覽之涉是書者，一以注疏為主，擷其精要，緯以古今諸說。其附以己意者，皆援據精碻，發前人所未發。他著有遊道堂詩文集四卷。道光十四年，卒，年八十有二。子士彥，吏部尚書，自有傳。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="孔廣森"><span id=".E5.AD.94.E5.BB.A3.E6.A3.AE"></span>孔廣森</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=55" title="编辑章节：孔廣森"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">孔廣森</span>，字<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">眾仲</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">曲阜</span>人，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">孔子</span>六十八代孫，襲封<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">衍聖公</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">傳鐸</span>之孫，戶部主事<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">繼汾</span>之子。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">乾隆</span>三十六年進士，選翰林院庶吉士，散館授檢討。年少入官，性淡泊，躭著述，不與要人通謁。告養歸，不復出。及居大母與父喪，竟以哀卒，時<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">乾隆</span>五十一年，年三十五。 </p><p><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">廣森</span>聰穎特達，嘗受經於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">戴震</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">姚鼐</span>之門，經史、小學，沉覽妙解。所學在<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">公羊春秋</span>，嘗以<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">左氏</span>舊學湮於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">征南</span>，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">穀梁</span>本義汨於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">武子</span>。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">王祖游</span>謂<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">何休</span>志通<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">公羊</span>，往往為<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">公羊</span>疚病。其餘<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">啖助</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">趙匡</span>之徒，又橫生義例，無當於經，唯<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">趙汸</span>最為近正。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">何氏</span>體大思精，然不無承訛率臆。於是旁通諸家，兼採<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">左</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">穀</span>，擇善而從，著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">春秋公羊通義</span>十一卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">序</span>一卷。凡諸經籍義有可通於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">公羊</span>者，多著錄之。 </p><p>其不同於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">解詁</span>者，大端有數事：謂古者諸侯分土而守，分民而治，有不純臣之義，故各得紀年於其境內。而<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">何劭公</span>謂唯王者然後改元立號，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">經</span>書元年，為託王於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">魯</span>，則自蹈所云反傳違戾之失。其不同一也。謂春秋分十二公而為三世，舊說「所傳聞之世」，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">隱</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">桓</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">莊</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">閔</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">僖</span>也；「所聞之世」，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">文</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">宣</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">成</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">襄</span>也；「所見之世」，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">昭</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">定</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">哀</span>也。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">顏安樂</span>以為：<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">襄公</span>二十三年「<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">邾婁</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">鼻我</span>來奔」，云「<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">邾婁</span>無大夫，此何以書？以近書也」；又<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">昭公</span>二十七年「<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">邾婁</span>快來奔」，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">傳</span>云「<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">邾婁</span>無大夫，此何以書？以近書也」：二文不異，同宜一世，故斷自<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">孔子</span>生後，即為「所見之世」，從之。其不同二也。謂<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">桓</span>十七年經無夏，二家<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">經</span>皆有夏，獨<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">公羊</span>脫耳。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">何氏</span>謂：「夏者陽也，月者陰也，去夏者，明夫人不繫於公也。」所不敢言。其不同三也。謂<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">春秋</span>上本天道，中用王法，而下理人情。天道者：一曰時，二曰月，三曰日。王法者：一曰譏，二曰貶，三曰絕。人情者：一曰尊，二曰親，三曰賢。此三科九旨。而<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">何氏</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">文諡例</span>云：「三科九旨者，新<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">周</span>故<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">宋</span>，以<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">春秋</span>當新王，此一科三旨也。」又云：「所見異辭，所聞異辭，所傳聞又異辭。」三科六旨也。又「內其國而外諸夏，內諸夏而外夷狄，是三科九旨也」。其不同四也。他如<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">何氏</span>所據間有失者，多所裨損，以成一家之言。又謂<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">左氏</span>之事詳，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">公羊</span>之義長，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">春秋</span>重義不重事。皆好學深思，心知其意。其為說能融會貫通，使是非之旨不謬於聖人大旨，見自序中。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">儀徵</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">阮元</span>謂讀其書始知聖誌之所在。 </p><p>又著有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">大戴禮記補注</span>十四卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">詩聲類</span>十三卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">禮學巵言</span>六卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">經學巵言</span>六卷，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;text-underline-offset:0.2em;">少廣正負術內外篇</span>六卷。駢體兼有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">漢</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">魏</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">六朝</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">初唐</span>之勝，<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">江都</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">汪中</span>讀之，嘆為絕手。然<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">廣森</span>不自足，作堂於其居，名曰「儀<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">鄭</span>」，自庶幾於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">康成</span>。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;padding-inline-end: 2px;">桐城</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">姚鼐</span>謂其將以<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">孔子</span>之裔傳<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">孔子</span>之學，雖<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-style: solid;text-underline-offset:0.25em;">康成</span>猶不足以限之。惜奔走家難，勞思夭年，不充其志，藝林有遺憾焉。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="邵晉涵"><span id=".E9.82.B5.E6.99.89.E6.B6.B5"></span>邵晉涵</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=56" title="编辑章节：邵晉涵"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>邵晉涵，字二雲，餘姚人。乾隆三十六年進士，歸班銓選。會開四庫館，特詔徵晉涵及歷城周永年、休寧戴震、仁和余集等入館編纂，改翰林院庶吉士，授編修。四十五年，充廣西鄉試正考官。五十六年，大考遷左中允。擢侍講學士，充文淵閣直閣事日講起居注官。 </p><p>晉涵左目眚，清羸。善讀書，四部、七錄，靡不研究。嘗謂爾雅者，六藝之津梁，而邢疏淺陋不稱；乃別為正義二十卷，以郭璞為宗，而兼採舍人、樊、劉、李、孫諸家，郭有未詳者，摭他書附之。自是承學之士，多舍邢而從邵。 </p><p>尤長於史，以生在浙東，習聞劉宗周、黃宗羲諸緒論，說明季事，往往出於正史之外。在史館時，見永樂大典採薛居正五代史，乃薈萃編次，得十之八九，复採冊府元龜、太平御覽諸書，以補其缺。並參考通鑑長編諸史及宋人說部、碑碣，辨證條系，悉符原書一百五十卷之數。書成，呈御覽，館臣請仿劉昫舊唐書之例列於廿三史，刊布學宮，詔從之。由是薛史與歐陽史並傳矣。嘗謂宋史自南渡後多謬，慶元之間，褒貶失實，不如東都有王偁事略也。欲先輯南都事略，使條貫粗具，詞簡事增，又欲為趙宋一代之志，俱未卒業。其後鎮洋畢沅為續宋、元通鑑，囑晉涵刪補考定，故其緒餘稍見於審正續通鑑中。 </p><p>晉涵性狷介，不為要人屈。嘗與會稽章學誠論修宋史宗旨，晉涵曰：「宋人門戶之習，語錄庸陋之風，誠可鄙也。然其立身製行，出於倫常日用，何可廢耶？士大夫博學工文，雄出當世，而於辭受取與、出處進退之間，不能無簟豆萬鍾之擇。本心既失，其他又何議焉！此著宋史之宗旨也。」學誠聞而聳然。他著有孟子述義、穀梁正義、韓詩內傳考，並足正趙岐、範甯及王應麟之失，而補其所遺。又有皇朝大臣諡跡錄、方輿金石編目、輶軒日記、南江詩文藁。嘉慶元年，卒，年五十有四。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_周永年"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E5.91.A8.E6.B0.B8.E5.B9.B4"></span>附周永年</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=57" title="编辑章节：附周永年"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>周永年，字書昌，歷城人。博學貫通，為時推許。乾隆三十六年進士，與晉涵同徵修四庫書，改翰林院庶吉士，授編修。四十四年，充貴州鄉試副考官。永年在書館好深沉之思，四部兵、農、天算、術數諸家，鉤稽精義，褒譏悉當，為同館所推重。見宋、元遺書湮沒者多見採於永樂大典中，於是抉摘編摩，自永新劉氏兄弟公是、公非集以下，凡得十餘家，皆前人所未見者，咸著於錄。又以為釋、道有藏，儒者獨無。乃開借書園，聚古今書籍十萬卷，供人閱覽傳鈔，以廣流傳。惜永年歿後，漸就散佚，則未定經久之法也。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="王念孫"><span id=".E7.8E.8B.E5.BF.B5.E5.AD.AB"></span>王念孫</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=58" title="编辑章节：王念孫"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>王念孫，字懷祖，高郵州人。父安國，官吏部尚書，諡文肅，自有傳。八歲讀十三經畢，旁涉史鑒。高宗南巡，以大臣子迎鑾，獻文冊，賜舉人。乾隆四十年進士，選翰林院庶吉士，散館，改工部主事。升郎中，擢陝西道御史，轉吏科給事中。嘉慶四年，仁宗親政，時川、楚教匪猖獗，念孫陳勦賊六事，首劾大學士和珅，疏語援據經義，大契聖心。是年授直隸永定河道。六年，以河堤漫口罷，特旨留督辦河工。工竣，賞主事銜。河南衡家樓河決，命往查勘，又命馳赴台莊治河務。尋授山東運河道，在任六年，調永定河道。會東河總督與山東巡撫以引黃利運異議，召入都決其是非。念孫奏引黃入湖，不能不少淤，然暫行無害，詔許之。已而永定河水復異漲，如六年之隘，念孫自引罪，得旨休致。道光五年，重宴鹿鳴，卒，年八十有九。 </p><p>念孫故精熟水利書，官工部，著導河議上下篇。及奉旨纂河源紀略，議者或誤指河源所出，念孫力辨其譌，議乃定，紀略中辨譌一門，念孫所撰也。既罷官，日以著述自娛，著讀書雜誌，分逸周書、戰國策、管子、荀子、晏子春秋、墨子、淮南子、史記、漢書、漢隸拾遺，都八十二卷。於古義之晦，於鈔之誤寫，校之妄改，皆一一正之。一字之證，博及萬卷，其精於校讎如此。 </p><p>初從休寧戴震受聲音文字訓詁，其於經，熟於漢學之門戶，手編詩三百篇、九經、楚辭之韻，分古音為二十一部。於支、脂、之三部之分，段玉裁六書音均表亦見及此，其分至、祭、盍、輯為四部，則段書所未及也。念孫以段書先出，遂輟作。 </p><p>又以邵晉涵先為爾雅正義，乃撰廣雅疏證。日三字為程，閱十年而書成，凡三十二卷。其書就古音以求古義，引伸觸類，擴充於爾雅、說文，無所不達。然聲音文字部分之嚴，一絲不亂。蓋藉張揖之書以納諸說，而實多揖所未知，及同時惠棟、戴震所未及。 </p><p>嘗語子引之曰：「詁訓之旨，存乎聲音，字之聲同、聲近者，經傳往往假借。學者以聲求義，破其假借之字而讀本字，則渙然冰釋。如因假借之字強為之解，則結夋不通矣。毛公詩傳多易假借之字而訓以本字，已開改讀之先。至康成箋詩注禮，屢雲某讀為某，假借之例大明。後人或病康成破字者，不知古字之多假借也。」又曰：「說經者，期得經意而已，不必墨守一家。」引之因推廣庭訓，成經義述聞十五卷，經傳釋辭十卷，周秦古字解詁，字典考證。論者謂有清經術獨絕千古，高郵王氏一家之學，三世相承，與長洲惠氏相埒云。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="子_引之"><span id=".E5.AD.90_.E5.BC.95.E4.B9.8B"></span>子引之</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=59" title="编辑章节：子引之"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>引之，字伯申。嘉慶四年一甲進士，授編修。大考一等，擢侍講。歷官至工部尚書。福建署龍溪令朱履中誣布政使李賡芸受賕，總督汪志伊、巡撫王紹蘭劾之。對簿無佐證，而持之愈急。賡芸不堪，遂自經。命引之讞之，平反其獄，罷督撫官。為禮部侍郎時，有議為生祖母承重丁憂三年者，引之力持不可。會奉使去，持議者遽奏行之。引之還，疏陳庶祖母非祖敵體，不得以承重論。緣情，即終身持服不足以報罔極；制禮，則承重之義，不能加於支庶。請復治喪一年舊例，遂更正。道光十四年，卒，諡文簡。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="同州_李惇"><span id=".E5.90.8C.E5.B7.9E_.E6.9D.8E.E6.83.87"></span>同州李惇</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=60" title="编辑章节：同州李惇"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>同州李惇，字成裕。乾隆四十五年進士。惇與同縣王念孫、賈田祖同力於學。始為諸生，為學使謝墉所賞。將選拔貢，會田祖卒於旅舍，惇經營殯事，不與試，墉嘆為古人。江籓好詆訶前人，惇謂之曰：「王子雍若不作聖證論以攻康成，豈非醇儒？」其面規人過如此。著有群經識小八卷，考諸經古義二百二十餘事，多前人所未發。四十九年，卒，年五十一。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_賈田祖"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E8.B3.88.E7.94.B0.E7.A5.96"></span>附賈田祖</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=61" title="编辑章节：附賈田祖"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>田祖，字稻孫。諸生。通左氏春秋，有春秋左氏通解。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_宋綿初"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E5.AE.8B.E7.B6.BF.E5.88.9D"></span>附宋綿初</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=62" title="编辑章节：附宋綿初"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>宋綿初，字守端，亦高郵人。乾隆四十二年拔貢生，官五河、清河訓導。邃深經術，長於說詩，著韓詩內傳徵四卷。又有釋服二卷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="汪中"><span id=".E6.B1.AA.E4.B8.AD"></span>汪中</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=63" title="编辑章节：汪中"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>汪中，字容甫，江都人。生七歲而孤，家貧不能就外傅。母鄒，授以四子書。稍長，助書賈鬻書於市，因遍讀經、史、百家，過目成誦，遂為通人。年二十，補諸生。乾隆四十二年拔貢生，提學使者謝墉，每試別置一榜，署名諸生前。嘗曰：「餘之先容甫，爵也。若以學，當北面事之。」其敬中如此。以母老竟不朝考。五十一年，侍郎朱珪主江南試，謂人曰：「吾此行必得汪中為選首。」不知其不與試也。 </p><p>中顓意經術，與高郵王念孫、寶應劉台拱為友，共討論之。其治尚書，有尚書考異。治禮，有儀禮校本，大戴禮記校本。治春秋，有春秋述義。治小學，有爾雅校本，及小學說文求端。中嘗謂國朝古學之興，顧炎武開其端。河、洛矯誣，至胡渭而絀。中、西推步，至梅文鼎而精。力攻古文者，閻若璩也。專治漢易者，惠棟也。凡此皆千餘年不傳之絕學，及戴震出而集其大成。擬作六儒頌，未成。 </p><p>又嘗博考先秦古籍三代以上學制廢興，使知古人所以為學者。凡虞、夏第一，周禮之制第二，周衰列國第三，孔門第四，七十子後學者第五。又列通論、釋經、舊聞、典籍、數典、世官，目錄凡六。而自題其端曰：「觀周禮太史云云，當時行一事則有一書，其後執書以行事，又其後則事廢而書存。至宋儒以後，則併其書之事而去之矣。」又曰：「有官府之典籍，有學士大夫之典籍，故老之傳聞。行一事有一書，傳之後世，奉以為成憲，此官府之典籍也。先王之禮樂政事，遭世之衰廢而不失，有司徒守其文，故老能言其事。好古之君子，憫其浸久而遂亡也，而書之簡畢，此學士大夫之典籍也。」又曰：「古之為學士者，官師之長，但教之以其事，其所誦者詩書而已。其他典籍，則皆官府藏而世守之，民間無有也。苟非其官，官亦無有也。其所謂士者，非王侯公卿大夫之子，則一命之士，外此則鄉學、小學而已。自辟雍之制無聞，太史之官失守，於是布衣有授業之徒，草野多載筆之士。教學之官，記載之職，不在上而在下。及其衰也，諸子各以其學鳴，而先王之道荒矣。然當諸侯去籍，秦政焚書，有司所掌，蕩然無存。猶賴學士相傳，存其一二，斯不幸中之幸也。」又曰：「孔子所言，則學士所能為者，留為世教。若其政教之大者，聖人無位，不復以教子弟。」又曰：「古人學在官府，人世其官，故官世其業。官既失守，故專門之學廢。」其書藁草略具，亦未成。後乃即其考三代典禮及文字訓詁、名物像數，益以論撰之文，為述學內、外篇，凡六卷。 </p><p>其有功經義者，則有若釋三九，婦人無主答問，女子許嫁而壻死從死及守志議，居喪釋服解義。其表章經傳及先儒者，則有若周官徵文，左氏春秋釋疑，荀卿子通論，賈誼新書序。其他考證之文，亦有依據。 </p><p>中又熟於諸史地理，山川阨要，講畫了然，著有廣陵通典十卷，秦蠶食六國表，金陵地圖考。生平於詩文書翰無所不工，所作廣陵對、黃鶴樓銘、漢上琴台銘，皆見稱於時。他著有經義知新記一卷，大戴禮正誤一卷，遺詩一卷。五十九年，卒，年五十一。 </p><p>中事母以孝聞，左右服勞，不辭煩辱。居喪，哀戚過人，其於知友故舊，沒後衰落，相存問過於從前。道光十一年，旌孝子。中子喜孫，自有傳。同郡人為漢學者，又有江德量、徐復、汪光爔。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_江德量"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E6.B1.9F.E5.BE.B7.E9.87.8F"></span>附江德量</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=64" title="编辑章节：附江德量"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>德量，字量殊，江都人。父恂，好金石文字。伯父昱，通聲音訓詁之學。德量少承家學，及長，與汪中友，勵志肄經，學益進。乾隆四十四年一甲進士，授翰林院編修，改江西道御史。居朝多識舊聞，博通掌故。公餘鍵戶，以文籍自娛。著有古泉志三十卷。五十八年，卒，年四十二。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_徐復"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E5.BE.90.E5.BE.A9"></span>附徐復</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=65" title="编辑章节：附徐復"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>复，字心仲，亦江都人。通九章算術。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_汪光爔"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E6.B1.AA.E5.85.89.E7.88.94"></span>附汪光爔</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=66" title="编辑章节：附汪光爔"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>光爔，字晉蕃，儀徵人。廩生。博通經史，嘗辨惠氏易爻辰圖之謬，又作荑稗釋，時人服其精核。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="武億"><span id=".E6.AD.A6.E5.84.84"></span>武億</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=67" title="编辑章节：武億"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>武億，字虛谷，偃師人。父紹周，進士，官吏部郎中。億居父母喪，哀痛毀瘠，以讀書自勵。時伊、洛溢，屋圮，架洿以居，斧朽木燎寒，誦讀不輟。已，復從大興朱筠遊，益為博通之學。乾隆四十五年進士，五十六年，授山東博山縣知縣。縣山多土瘠，民不務農。地產石炭、石礬，燒作玻璃器皿，商賈輻輳。億問土俗利病，免玻璃入貢，革煤炭供饋，里馬草豆不以累民。創範泉書院，進其秀者與之講敦倫理，務實學。而決辭無留獄，禱雨即沛。有以賄幹者，未敢進，億廉知之，值迅雷，曰：「汝不聞雷聲乎？吾矢禱久矣。」賄者惶悚而止，輿情大洽。 </p><p>五十七年，大學士和珅領步軍統領事，聞妄人言山東逆匪王倫未定死，密遣番役四出踪蹟之。於是番役頭目杜成德等十一人橫行州縣，入博山境，手鐵尺飲博，莫敢誰何，億悉執之，成德尤倔強，按法痛杖之。喧傳其事者曰：「億鹵莽刑無罪，將累上官。」巡撫吉慶遂以濫責平民劾罷之，而不直書其事。億蒞任僅七月，及去，民攜老弱千餘人走大府乞留「我好官」，不可得，則日為運致薪米，門如市焉。吉慶亦感動，因入覲，偕億行，為籌捐复。大學士、公阿桂謂吉慶曰：「例禁番役出京畿，奈何責縣令按法之非，且隱其實而劾強項吏，何也？」吉慶深自悔，而格於部議，遂歸。嘉慶四年十月，仁宗諭朝臣密舉京、外各員內操守端潔、才猷幹濟、於平日居官事蹟可據者，得赴部候旨召用，億在所舉中。十一月，縣令捧檄至門，而億先以十月卒矣，年五十有五。 </p><p>億學問醰粹，於七經注疏、三史、涑水通鑑，皆能闇誦。既罷官，貧不能歸，所至以經史訓詁教授生徒。勇於著錄，有群經義證七卷，經讀考異九卷，金石三跋十卷，金石文字續跋十四卷，偃師金石記四卷，安陽金石錄十三卷。又有三禮義證、授堂劄記、詩文集等書，皆旁引遠徵，遇微罅，輒剖抉精蘊，比辭達意，以成一例。大興朱珪稱億不愧好古遺直雲。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="莊述祖"><span id=".E8.8E.8A.E8.BF.B0.E7.A5.96"></span>莊述祖</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=68" title="编辑章节：莊述祖"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>莊述祖，字葆琛，武進人。世父存與，官禮部侍郎，自有傳。述祖，乾隆四十五年進士，官山東濰縣知縣。明暢吏治，刑獄得中，豪猾斂跡。嘗勘鹼地，眾以為斥鹵也，述祖指路旁草問何名，曰馬帚。述祖笑曰：「此於經名荓，夏正'荓秀'記時，凡沙土草荓者宜禾，何謂鹼？」眾皆服。甲寅，以卓異引見，還，檄授桃源同知。不一月，乞養歸。著書色養者十六年，未嘗一日離左右。二十一年，卒。 </p><p>述祖傳存與之學，研求精密，於世儒所忽不經意者，覃思獨闢，洞見本末。著述皆義理宏達，為前賢未有。以為連山亡而尚存夏小正，歸藏亡而尚有倉頡古文，略可稽求義類。故著夏小正經傳考釋，以斗柄南門織女記天行之不變，以參中大中記日度之差，以二月丁卯知夏時，以正月甲寅啟蟄為曆元，歲祭為郊，萬用入學為禘。著古文甲乙篇，謂許叔重始一終亥，偏旁條例所由出，日辰干支，黃帝世大撓所作，沮誦、蒼頡名之以易結繩，伏羲畫八卦作十言之教之後，以此三十二類為正名百物之本。故歸藏為黃帝易，就許氏偏旁條例，以干支別為序次，凡許書所存及見於金石文字者，分別部居，書未竟，而條理粗具。其餘五經，悉有撰著。旁及逸周書、尚書大傳、史記、白虎通，於其舛句訛字，佚文脫簡，易次換弟，草薙腋補，咸有證據，無不疏通，曠然思慮之表，若面稽古人而整比之也。所著夏小正經傳考釋十卷，尚書今古文考證七卷，毛詩考證四卷，毛詩周頌口義三卷，五經小學述二卷，歷代載籍足徵錄一卷，弟子職集解一卷，漢鐃歌句解一卷，石鼓然疑一卷，文鈔七卷，詩鈔二卷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="世父存與孫_綬甲"><span id=".E4.B8.96.E7.88.B6.E5.AD.98.E8.88.87.E5.AD.AB_.E7.B6.AC.E7.94.B2"></span>世父存與孫綬甲</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=69" title="编辑章节：世父存與孫綬甲"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>存與孫綬甲，字卿珊。盡通家學，尤為述祖所愛重。著尚書考異三卷，釋書名一卷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="同族_莊有可"><span id=".E5.90.8C.E6.97.8F_.E8.8E.8A.E6.9C.89.E5.8F.AF"></span>同族莊有可</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=70" title="编辑章节：同族莊有可"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>同族莊有可，字大久。勤學力行，老而彌篤。取諸注、傳，精研義理，句櫛字比，合諸儒之書以正其是非，而自為之說。於易、書、詩、禮、春秋皆有撰述，凡四十二種，四百三十餘卷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="戚學標"><span id=".E6.88.9A.E5.AD.B8.E6.A8.99"></span>戚學標</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=71" title="编辑章节：戚學標"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>戚學標，字鶴泉，太平人。幼從天台齊召南游，稱高第。高宗巡江、浙，學標獻南巡頌。乾隆四十五年，成進士，官河南涉縣知縣。縣苦闊布徵，學標請於大府得減額。權林縣，有兄弟爭產者，集李白句為鬥粟謠以諷，皆感悔。性強項，多與上官齟《齒吾》，卒以是罷。後改寧波教授，未幾歸，從事撰述。 </p><p>精考證，著漢學諧聲二十三卷、總論一卷。用說文以明古音，謂六書之學，三曰形聲，聲不離形，形者聲之本也。而聲又隨乎氣，氣有陰有陽，故一字之音，或從陰，或從陽，或陽而陰，或陰而陽，或陰陽各造其偏。昔人知其然，故但以某聲者明字音所出，以耑其本。以讀若某設為譬況之詞，使人依類而求。即離絕遠去，而因此聲之本以究此聲之變，無患其不合。說文從某某聲，從某某亦聲，從某某省聲，從某讀若某，從某讀與某某同，並二端兼舉。聲音之學，莫備於此。後人惑於徐氏所附孫愐音切，不究本讀，而一二宿儒言古音如吳棫、陳第、顧炎武、江永之流，亦第就韻書辨析。不知說文形聲相繫，韻書就聲言聲；說文聲氣相求，韻書祗論同聲之應。其部居錯雜分合，類出肊見。學者苟趣其便，衷於一讀。且狃於平上去入之界之不可移易，諧聲之法廢，而說文之學晦矣。其書論聲一本許氏，由本聲以推變聲，既列本注，旁搜古讀以為之證。末附說文補考二卷，多辨正二徐謬誤。 </p><p>又有毛詩證讀若干卷，詩聲辨定陰陽譜四卷，四書偶談四卷，內外篇二卷，字易二卷，鶴泉文鈔二卷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_江有誥"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E6.B1.9F.E6.9C.89.E8.AA.A5"></span>附江有誥</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=72" title="编辑章节：附江有誥"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>江有誥，字晉三，歙縣人。通音韻之學，得顧炎武、江永兩家書，嗜之忘寢食。謂江書能補顧所未及，而分部仍多罅漏，乃析江氏十三部為二十一，與戴震、孔廣森多暗合。書成，寄示段玉裁，玉裁深重之，曰：「餘與顧氏、孔氏皆一於考古，江氏、戴氏則兼以審音。晉三於前人之說擇善而從，無所偏徇，又精於呼等字母，不惟古音大明，亦使今韻分為二百六部者得其剖析之故，韻學於是大備矣。」著有詩經韻讀、群經韻讀、楚辭韻讀、先秦韻讀、漢魏韻讀、唐韻四聲正、諧聲表、入聲表、二十一部韻譜、唐韻再正、唐韻更定部分，總名江氏音學十書，王念孫父子胥服其精。晚歲著說文六書錄、說文分韻譜。道光末，室災，焚其稿。有誥老而目盲，鬱鬱遂卒。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_陳熙晉"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E9.99.B3.E7.86.99.E6.99.89"></span>附陳熙晉</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=73" title="编辑章节：附陳熙晉"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>陳熙晉，原名津，字析木，義烏人。優貢生。以教習官貴州開泰、龍里、普定知縣，仁懷同知，擢湖北宜昌府知府。權開泰時，教匪蔣昌華擾黎平，將興大獄，熙晉縛其渠而貸諸脅從，全活無算。龍里民以釘<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别，请协助查实修正。原字符为：，请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn>奚殺人，已誣服，而兇驗不合，心疑焉。一日，方慮囚，見叢人中有曳釘<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别，请协助查实修正。原字符为：，请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn>奚竊睨者，命執而鞫之，痕宛合，遂款服。普定俗糾聚相雄長，號其魁曰「牛叢」。其獲盜，不謁之官，輒積薪焚殺之。先是有挾仇焚三尸者，吏不敢捕。熙晉期必得，重繩以法，風頓革。其守宜昌也，楚大水，流民聚宜昌，畢力撫綏，繕城垣，以工代賑。會秩滿將行，為留六閱月，蕆其事。送者數千人，皆泣下。乞養歸，未幾卒。 </p><p>熙晉邃於學，積書數万卷，訂疑糾謬，務窮竟原委，取裁精審。嘗謂杜預解左氏有三蔽，劉光伯規之，而書久佚。惟正義引一百七十三事，孔穎達皆以為非，乃刺取經史百家及近儒著述，以明劉義。其杜非而劉是者申之，杜是而劉非者釋之，杜、劉兩說義俱未安，則證諸群言，斷以己意，成春秋規過考信九卷。又謂隋經籍志載光伯左氏述義四十卷，不及規過，據孔穎達序稱習杜義而攻杜氏，疑規過即在述義中。舊唐書經籍志載述義三十七卷，較隋志少三卷，而多規過三卷，此其證也。正義於規杜一百七十三事外，又得一百四十三事，蓋皆述義之文。其異杜者三十事，駁正甚少。殆唐初奉敕刪定，著為令典，黨同伐異，勢會使然。乃參稽得失，援據群言，成春秋述義拾遺八卷。 </p><p>他著有古文孝經述義疏證五卷，帝王世紀二卷，貴州風土記三十二卷，黔中水道記四卷，宋大夫集箋注三卷，駱臨海集箋注十卷，日損齋筆記考證一卷，文集八卷，征帆集四卷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_李誠"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E6.9D.8E.E8.AA.A0"></span>附李誠</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=74" title="编辑章节：附李誠"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>李誠，字靜軒，黃岩人。嘉慶十八年拔貢生，官雲南姚州州判，終順寧知縣。撰十三經集解二百六十卷，首臚漢、魏諸家之說，次採近人精確之語，而唐、宋諸儒之徵實者亦不廢焉。嘗謂記水之書，自酈道元下，代不乏人，而言山者無成編，乃作萬山綱目六十卷。又水道提綱補訂二十八卷，宦遊日記一卷，微言管窺三十六卷，醫家指迷一卷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="丁杰"><span id=".E4.B8.81.E6.9D.B0"></span>丁杰</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=75" title="编辑章节：丁杰"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>丁杰，原名錦鴻，字升衢，歸安人。乾隆四十六年進士，官寧波府學教授。杰純孝誠篤，嘗奔走滇南迎父柩歸葬。少家貧，就書肆中讀。肆力經史，旁及說文、音韻、算數。初至都，適四庫館開，任事者延之佐校，遂與朱筠、戴震、盧文弨、金榜、程瑤田等相講習。 </p><p>杰為學長於校讎，與盧文弨最相似。得一書必審定句讀，博稽他本同異。於大戴禮用功尤深，著有大戴禮記繹。又易鄭注久佚，宋王應麟裒輯成書，惠棟復有增入。杰審視兩本，以為多羼入鄭氏易乾鑿度注，又漢書注所云鄭氏，乃即注漢書之人，非康成。乃刊其譌，定其是，复摘補其未備，著周易鄭注後定凡十二卷。胡渭禹貢錐指號為絕學，杰摘其誤甚多。嘗謂緯書「移河為界，在齊呂填閼八流以自廣」。河患之棘，由九河堙廢，而害始於齊。管仲能臣，必不自貽伊戚。班固敘溝洫志云：「商竭周移，秦決南涯，自茲距漢，北亡八支。」則九河之塞，當在秦、楚之際矣。惠棟尚書大傳輯本，杰以為疏舛，如「鮮度作荊，以詰四方」，誤讀困學紀聞，此謬之甚者。五行傳文不類，讀後漢書注，始知誤連皇覽也。杰嘗與翁方綱補正朱彝尊經義考序年月，博採見聞，以相證合。又與許言彥闡繹墨子上、下經，大有端緒。方言善本，始於戴震，杰採獲裨益最多，盧文弨以為不在戴下。漢隸字原考正，錢塘謂得隸之義例。 </p><p>杰又言字母三十六字不可增並，不可顛倒：見、端、知、邦、非、精、照為孤清，不可增濁聲也；疑、泥、<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别，请协助查实修正。原字符为：，请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn>襄、明、微、來、日為孤濁，不可增清聲也；非即邦之輕脣，不可並於專攵；微即明之輕脣，不可並於奉；影為曉之深喉，喻為匣之深喉，曉、匣、影、喻不可顛倒為影、曉、喻、匣也。所著書有小酉山房文集，嘉慶十二年，卒，年七十。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="子_授經"><span id=".E5.AD.90_.E6.8E.88.E7.B6.93"></span>子授經</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=76" title="编辑章节：子授經"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>子授經，嘉慶三年優貢；傳經，六年優貢。皆能世其家學，有「雙丁」之目。授經佐其友嚴可均造甲乙丙丁長編，以校定說文。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_周春"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E5.91.A8.E6.98.A5"></span>附周春</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=77" title="编辑章节：附周春"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>周春，字松靄，海寧人。乾隆十九年進士，官廣西岑溪縣知縣。革陋規，幾微不以擾民，有古循吏風。以憂去官，岑溪人構祠祀焉。嘉慶十五年，重赴鹿鳴。二十年，卒，年八十七。春博學好古，兩親服闋，年未五十，不謁選。著十三經音略十三卷，專考經音，以陸氏釋文為權輿，參以玉篇、廣均、五經文字諸書音，字必審音，音必歸母，謹嚴細密，絲毫不假。他著又有中文孝經一卷，爾雅補注四卷，小學餘論二卷，代北姓譜二卷，遼金元姓譜一卷，遼詩話一卷，選材錄一卷，杜詩雙聲疊韻譜括略八卷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="孫星衍"><span id=".E5.AD.AB.E6.98.9F.E8.A1.8D"></span>孫星衍</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=78" title="编辑章节：孫星衍"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>孫星衍，字淵如，陽湖人。少與同里楊芳燦、洪亮吉、黃景仁文學相齊。袁枚品其詩，曰「天下奇才」，與訂忘年交。星衍雅不欲以詩名，深究經、史、文字、音訓之學，旁及諸子百家，皆必通其義。乾隆五十二年，以一甲進士授翰林院編修，充三通館校理。五十四年，散館，試厲志賦，用史記「<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别，请协助查实修正。原字符为：，请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn><dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别，请协助查实修正。原字符为：，请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn>如畏」，大學士和珅疑為別字，置三等改部。故事，一甲進士改部，或奏請留館，又編修改官可得員外，前此吳文煥有成案。珅示意欲使往見，星衍不肯屈節，曰：「主事終擢員外，何汲汲求人為？」自是編修改主事遂為成例。 </p><p>官刑部，為法寬恕，大學士阿桂、尚書胡季堂悉器重之。有疑獄，輒令依古義平議，所平反全活甚眾。退直之暇，輒理舊業。洊升郎中。六十年，授山東兗沂曹濟道。 </p><p>嘉慶元年七月，曹南水漫灘潰，決單縣地，星衍與按察使康基田鳩工集夫，五日夜，從上游築堤遏御之，不果決。基田謂此役省國家數百萬帑金也。尋權按察使，凡七閱月，平反數十百條，活死罪誣服者十餘獄。濰縣有武人犯法，賄和珅門，囑託大吏。星衍訪捕鞫之，械和門來者於衢。及回本任，值曹工漫溢，星衍以無工處所得疏防咎，特旨予留任。曹工分治引河三道，星衍治中段。畢工，較濟東道、登萊道上下段省三十餘萬。先是河工分賠之員或得羨餘，謂之扣費，星衍不取，悉以給引河工費。時曹工尚未合，河督、巡撫亟奏合龍，移星衍任，尋又奏稱合而復開。開則分賠兩次壩工銀九萬兩，當半屬後任，而司事者並以歸星衍。星衍亦任之，曰：「吾既兼河務，不能不為人受過也。」 </p><p>四年，丁母憂歸，浙撫阮元聘主詁經精舍。星衍課諸生以經史疑義及小學、天部、地理、算學、詞章，不十年，舍中士皆以撰述名家。服闋入都，仍發山東，十年，補督糧道。十二年，權布政使。值侍郎廣興在省，按章供張煩擾，星衍不肯妄支。後廣以賄敗，豫、東兩省多以支庫獲罪，星衍不與焉。十六年，引疾歸。 </p><p>星衍博極群書，勤於著述。又好聚書，聞人家藏有善本，借鈔無虛日。金石文字，靡不考其原委。嘗病古文尚書為東晉梅賾所亂，官刑部時，即集古文尚書馬鄭註十卷、逸文二卷。歸田後，又為尚書今古文注疏三十九卷，其序例云：「尚書古注散佚，今刺取書傳升為注者五家三科之說：一，司馬遷從孔氏安國問故，是古文說；一，書大傳伏生所傳歐陽高、大夏侯勝、小夏侯建，是今文說；一，馬氏融、鄭氏康成雖有異同，多本衛氏宏、賈氏逵，是孔壁古文說：皆疏明出典。其先秦諸子所引古書說及緯書、白虎通等，漢、魏諸儒今文說、許氏說文所載孔壁古文，注中存其異文、異字，其說則附疏中。」其意在網羅放失舊聞，故錄漢、魏人佚說為多，又兼採近代王鳴盛、江聲、段玉裁諸人書說。惟不取趙宋以來諸人注，以其時文籍散亡，較今代無異聞，又無師傳，恐滋臆說也。凡積二十二年而後成。 </p><p>其他撰輯，有周易集解十卷，夏小正傳校正三卷，明堂考三卷，考注春秋別典十五卷，爾雅廣雅詁訓韻編五卷，魏三體石經殘字考一卷，孔子集語十七卷，晏子春秋音義二卷，史記天官書考證十卷，建立伏博士始末二卷，寰宇訪碑錄十二卷，金石萃編二十卷，續古文苑二十卷，詩文集二十五卷。二十三年，卒，年六十六。星衍晚年所著書，多付文登畢亨、嘉興李貽德為卒其業。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_畢亨"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E7.95.A2.E4.BA.A8"></span>附畢亨</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=79" title="编辑章节：附畢亨"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>亨，原名以田，字恬谿。初從休寧戴震遊，精漢人古訓之學，尤長於書。星衍撰尚書今古文注疏，多采亨說，每稱以為經學無雙。中嘉慶十二年舉人，道光六年，以大挑知縣分發江西，署安義縣。有兄殺胞弟案，亨執「不念鞠子哀，泯亂倫彝，刑茲無赦」義，不准援赦。大府怒，將劾之，會歙程恩澤重亨，事乃解。後補崇義，以積勞卒官，年且八十矣。著有九水山房文存二卷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_李貽德"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E6.9D.8E.E8.B2.BD.E5.BE.B7"></span>附李貽德</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=80" title="编辑章节：附李貽德"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>貽德，字次白。嘉慶二十三年舉人。館星衍所，相得甚歡。著春秋左氏解賈服注輯述二十卷。其書援引甚博，字比句櫛，於義有未安者，亦加駁難。雖使衝遠復生，終未敢專樹征南之幟而盡棄舊義也。又有詩考異、詩經名物考、周禮賸義、十七史考異、攬青閣詩鈔、夢春廬詞。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="王聘珍"><span id=".E7.8E.8B.E8.81.98.E7.8F.8D"></span>王聘珍</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=81" title="编辑章节：王聘珍"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>王聘珍，字貞吾，南城人。自幼以力學聞。乾隆五十四年，學使翁方綱拔貢成均，為謝啟昆、阮元參訂古籍。嘗客浙西，與歙凌廷堪論學，廷堪深許之。為人厚重誠篤，廉介自守。 </p><p>治經確守後鄭之學，著大戴禮記解詁十三卷、目錄一卷。其言曰：「大戴與小戴同受業於後倉，各取孔壁古文說，非小戴刪大戴、馬融足小戴也。禮察、保傅，語及秦亡，乃孔襄等所合藏。是賈誼有取於古記，非古記採及新書也。三朝記、曾子，乃劉氏分屬九流，非大戴所裒集也。」 </p><p>又曰：「近代校讎，不知家法，王肅本點竄此經，私定孔子家語，反據肅本改易經文。又或據唐、宋類書如藝文類聚、太平御覽之流，增刪字句，或云據永樂大典改某字作某。凡茲數端，率以今義繩古義，以今音證古音，以今文易古文，遂使孔壁古奧之經，變而文從字順，經義由茲而亡。」故其發凡大旨，禮典器數，墨守鄭義，解詁文字，一依爾雅、說文及兩漢經師訓詁。有不知而闕，無杜撰之言。如「五義」義字，據周禮注讀若儀，「五鑿」五字釋若忤，青史子引漢書「君子養之」，讀若「中心養養」之養。皆能根據經史，發蒙解惑。江都焦循稱其不為增刪，一仍其舊，列為三十二讀書讚之一。他著經義考補，九經學。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="凌廷堪"><span id=".E5.87.8C.E5.BB.B7.E5.A0.AA"></span>凌廷堪</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=82" title="编辑章节：凌廷堪"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>凌廷堪，字次仲，歙縣人。六歲而孤，冠后始讀書，慕其鄉江永、戴震之學。乾隆五十五年進士，改教職，選寧國府學教授。奉母之官，畢力著述者十餘年。嘉慶十四年，卒，年五十三。 </p><p>廷堪之學，無所不窺，於六書、曆算以迄古今疆域之沿革、職官之異同，靡不條貫。尤專禮學，謂：「古聖使人復性者學也，所學者即禮也。顏淵問仁，孔子告之者惟禮焉爾，顏子嘆道之高堅前後。迨'博文約禮' ，然後'如有所立'，即'立於禮'之立也。禮有節文度數，非空言理者可託。」著禮經釋例十三卷，謂：「禮儀委曲繁重，必須會通其例。如鄉飲酒、鄉射、燕禮、大射不同，而其為獻酢酬旅、酬無算爵之例則同；聘禮、覲禮不同，而其為郊勞執玉、行享庭實之例則同；特牲饋食、少牢饋食不同，而其為屍飯主人初獻、主婦亞獻、賓長三獻、祭畢飲酒之例則同。」乃區為八例，以明同中之異，異中之同：曰通例，曰飲食例，曰賓客例，曰射例，曰變例，曰祭例，曰器服例，曰雜例。禮經第十一篇，自漢以來說者雖多，由不明尊尊之旨，故罕得經意，乃為封建尊尊服制考一篇，附於變例之後。大興朱珪讀其書，贈詩推重之。 </p><p>廷堪禮經而外，复潛心於樂，謂今世俗樂與古雅樂中隔唐人燕樂一關，蔡季通、鄭世子輩俱未之知。因以隋沛公鄭譯五旦、七調之說為燕樂之本，又參考段安節琵琶錄、張叔夏詞源、遼史樂志諸書，著燕樂考原六卷。江都江籓嘆以為「思通鬼神」。他著有元遺山年譜二卷，校禮堂文集三十六卷、詩集十四卷。儀徵阮元常命子常生從廷堪授士禮，又稱其鄉射五物考、九拜解、九祭解、釋牲、詩楚茨考諸說經之文，多發古人所未發。其尤卓然者，則復禮三篇云。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="同邑_洪榜"><span id=".E5.90.8C.E9.82.91_.E6.B4.AA.E6.A6.9C"></span>同邑洪榜</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=83" title="编辑章节：同邑洪榜"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>同邑洪榜，字汝登。乾隆二十三年舉人。四十一年，應天津召試第一，授內閣中書。卒，年三十有五。粹於經學，著明象未成，終於益卦。因鄭康成易贊作述贊二卷。又明聲均，撰四聲均和表五卷，示兒切語一卷。江氏永切字六百十有六，是書增補百三十九字，又以字母見、溪等字注於廣韻之目每字之上，以定喉、吻、舌、齒、脣五音，蓋其書宗江、戴二家之說而加詳焉。為人律身以正，待人以誠。生平服膺戴震。戴震所著孟子字義疏證，當時讀者不能通其義，惟榜以為功不在禹下。撰震行狀，載與彭紹升書，朱筠見之曰：「可不必載，戴氏可傳者不在此。」榜乃上書辨論。江籓在吳下見其書，歎曰：「洪君可謂衛道之儒矣。」 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_洪榜"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E6.B4.AA.E6.A6.9C"></span>附洪榜</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=84" title="编辑章节：附洪榜"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>汪龍，字辰叔，亦廷堪同邑人。乾隆五十一年舉人。嗜古博學，尤精於詩，嘗讀詩生民、玄鳥二篇，疑鄭箋跡乳卵生之說，不若毛詩謂姜嫄、簡狄從帝嚳祀郊禖之正。遂稽傳、箋同異，用力於是經者數十年，成毛詩異義四卷，毛詩申成十卷。卒，年八十二。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="桂馥"><span id=".E6.A1.82.E9.A6.A5"></span>桂馥</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=85" title="编辑章节：桂馥"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>桂馥，字冬卉，曲阜人。乾隆五十五年進士，選雲南永平縣知縣，卒於官。 </p><p>馥博涉群書，尤潛心小學，精通聲義。嘗謂：「士不通經，不足致用；而訓詁不明，不足以通經。」故自諸生以至通籍，四十年間，日取許氏說文與諸經之義相疏證，為說文義證五十卷。力窮根柢，為一生精力所在。 </p><p>馥與段玉裁生同時，同治說文，學者以桂、段並稱，而兩人兩不相見，書亦未見，亦異事也。蓋段氏之書，聲義兼明，而尤邃於聲；桂氏之書，聲亦並及，而尤博於義。段氏鉤索比傅，自以為能冥合許君之旨，勇於自信，自成一家之言，故破字創義為多；桂氏專佐許說，發揮旁通，令學者引申貫注，自得其義之所歸。故段書約而猝難通闢，桂書繁而尋省易了。夫語其得於心，則段勝矣；語其便於人，則段或未之先也。其專臚古籍，不下己意，則以意在博證求通，展轉孳乳，觸長無方，亦如王氏廣雅疏證、阮氏經籍篡詁之類，非以己意為獨斷者。 </p><p>及馥就宦滇南，追念舊聞，隨筆疏記十卷，以其細碎，比之匠門木材，題曰札樸。然馥嘗引徐幹中論：「鄙儒博學，務於物名，詳於器械，考於訓詁，摘其章句而不能統其大義之所極，以獲先王之心。故使學者勞思慮而不知道，費日月而無功成。」謂近日學者風尚六書，動成習氣，偶涉名物，自負倉、雅，略講點畫，妄議斯、冰，叩以經典大義，茫乎未之聞也。此尤為同時小學家所不能言，足以針肓起廢。他著有晚學集十二卷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_許瀚"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E8.A8.B1.E7.80.9A"></span>附許瀚</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=86" title="编辑章节：附許瀚"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>許瀚，字印林，日照人。道光十五年舉人，官嶧縣教諭。博綜經史及金石文字，訓詁尤深。至校勘宋、元、明本書籍，精審不減黃丕烈、顧廣圻。晚年為靈石楊氏校刊桂馥說文義證於清河，甫成而板毀於捻寇，並所藏經籍金石俱盡，遂挹鬱而歿，年七十。他著有韓詩外傳勘誤，攀古小廬文。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="江聲"><span id=".E6.B1.9F.E8.81.B2"></span>江聲</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=87" title="编辑章节：江聲"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>江聲，字叔澐，元和人。七歲就傅讀書，問讀書何為，師以取科第為言，聲求所以進於是者。年二十九，遭父疾，晨夕侍衛褥，不解衣帶，至自滌穠窬，視穢以驗疾進退。及居憂，哀毀骨立，逾三年，容戚然如新喪者。侍母疾，居喪，亦如父歿時。族黨哀其至行。既孤，因不復事科舉業。 </p><p>讀尚書，怪古文與今文不類。又怪孔傳非安國所為。年三十五，師事同郡通儒惠棟，得讀所著古文尚書考及閻若璩古文疏證，乃知古文及孔傳皆晉時人偽作，於是集漢儒之說，以注二十九篇，漢注不備，則旁考他書。精研古訓，成尚書集注音疏十二卷，附補誼九條、識偽字一條，尚書集注音疏前後述外編一卷，尚書經師系表也。經文注疏，皆以古篆書之。疑偽古文者，始於宋之吳才老，朱子以後，吳草廬、郝京山、梅鷟皆不能得其要領。至本朝閻、惠兩徵君所著之書，乃能發其作偽之跡、剿竊之原。若刊正經文，疏明古注，則皆未之及也，及聲出而集大成焉。 </p><p>聲又病後世深求考老轉注之義，至以篆跡求之，因為六書說，謂建類一首，即始一終亥五百四十部之首，同意相受，即凡某之屬皆從某也。陽湖孫星衍亦推其說，以為爾雅肇、祖、元、胎之屬，始也。始亦建類一首，肇、祖、元、胎皆為始，亦同意相受。說文此類亦甚多，推考老之訓，如口部之咽，嗌也；嗌，咽也。走部之走，趨也；趨，走也。猶之考注老，老轉注考矣。其同在口部、走部，即建類一首也。聲亦以為然，而戴震以為貫全部則義太廣。聲折之曰：「若止考老為轉注，不已隘乎？且諧聲一義，不貫全部乎？」聲與震以學問相推重，其不相附和如此。 </p><p>生平不作楷書，即與人往來筆札，皆作古篆，俗儒往往非笑之，而聲不顧也。其寫尚書瀍水字， L0字，不在說文，瀍據淮南作廛，氵廛據爾雅義作孟，人始或怪之，後服其非臆說。顧其書終以時俗不便識讀，不甚行於時。 </p><p>聲性耿介，不慕榮利。交遊如王鳴盛、王昶、畢沅，皆重其品藻，而聲未嘗以私事乾之，當事益重其人。嘉慶元年，舉孝廉方正。四年，卒，年七十有九。晚年因不諧俗，動與時違，取周易艮背之義，自號艮庭，學者稱為艮庭先生云。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="子_鏐"><span id=".E5.AD.90_.E9.8F.90"></span>子鏐</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=88" title="编辑章节：子鏐"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>子鏐，吳縣學生。孫沅，優貢生。世傳其學。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="孫_沅"><span id=".E5.AD.AB_.E6.B2.85"></span>孫沅</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=89" title="编辑章节：孫沅"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>沅，字子蘭。金壇段玉裁僑居蘇州，沅出入其門者數十年。沅先著說文釋例，後承玉裁囑，以段書十七部諧聲表之列某聲某聲者為綱，而件系之；聲復生聲，則依其次第，為說文解字音均表凡十七卷。沅於段紕譌處略箋其失，其言曰：「支、脂、之之為三，真、臻、先與諄、文、欣、魂、痕之為二，皆陸氏之舊，而段氏矜為獨得之秘，嚴分其界以自殊異。凡許氏所合韻處，皆多方改使離之，而一部之與十二部，亦不使相通。故皕之讀若秘，改為逼；肊之乙聲，刪去聲字；必之弋亦聲，改為八亦聲。而於開章一篆說解極一物三字，即是一部、十二部、十五部合韻之理，於是絕不敢言其韻，直至亥字下重文說之也。十二、十三兩部之相通者，惟民、昬二字為梗，故力去昬字，以就其說。畀字田聲，十五部也，綥從畀得聲，而翏即古綦字，在一部，遂改畀字為★M1聲，以避十五部與一部之合音。凡此皆段氏之癥結處也。」又曰：「段氏論音謂古無去，故譜諸書平而上入。沅意古音有去無入，平輕去重，平引成上，去促成入。上入之字，少於平去，職是故耳。北人語言入皆成去，古音所沿，至今猶舊，非敢苟異，參之或然。」沅當時面質玉裁，親許駮勘，故有不同雲。卒，年七十二。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="錢大昭"><span id=".E9.8C.A2.E5.A4.A7.E6.98.AD"></span>錢大昭</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=90" title="编辑章节：錢大昭"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>錢大昭，字晦之，嘉定人，大昕弟。大昕深於經史，一門群從，皆治古學，能文章，為東南之望。大昭少於大昕者二十年，事兄如嚴師，得其指授，時有兩甦之比。壯歲遊京師，嘗校錄四庫全書，人間未見之秘，皆得縱觀，由是學問益浩博。又善於決擇，其說經及小學之書，能直入漢儒閫奧。嘗欲從事爾雅，大昕與書，謂：「六經皆以明道，未有不通訓詁而能知道者。欲窮六經之旨，必自爾雅始。」大昭乃著爾雅釋文補三卷及廣雅疏義二十卷。 </p><p>又著說文統釋六十卷，其例十：一曰疏證以佐古義，凡經典古義與許合者在所必收。二曰音切以復古音，以徐鉉、徐鍇等不知古音，往往誤讀，又許君言讀若某者，即有某音，今並補正；又說文本有舊音，隋書經籍誌有說文音隱，顏氏家訓引之。唐以前傳注家多稱說文音某，今並採附本字之下。三曰考異以復古本，凡古本暨古書所引有異同者，悉取以折中。四曰辨俗以正譌字，凡經典相承俗字，及徐氏新補、新附字，皆辨證詳明，別為一卷附後。五曰通義以明互借，凡經典之同物同音，於古本是通用者，皆引經證之。六曰從母以明孳乳，如完、刓、髡、軏等字，皆於元下注云從此。七曰別體以廣異義，凡重文中之籀、篆、古文、奇字，皆有所從，其許君未言者，亦略釋之；經典兩用者，則引而證焉。八曰正譌以訂刊誤，凡許君不收之字，注中不應有，又字畫脫誤者，併校正之。九曰崇古以知古字，如鷐、鴠、<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别，请协助查实修正。原字符为：，请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn>、<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别，请协助查实修正。原字符为：，请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn>之類，經典有不從鳥者，此古今字，今注曰古用某。十曰補字以免漏略，如由、希、免、畾等三十九字，從此得聲者甚多，而書中脫落，有子無母，非許例，今酌補之，亦別為一卷附後。 </p><p>大昭於正史尤精兩漢，嘗謂注史與注經不同，注經以明理為宗，理寓於訓詁，訓詁明而理自見。注史以達事為主，事不明，訓詁雖精無益也。每怪服虔、應劭之於漢書，裴駰、徐廣之於史記，其時去古未遠，稗官、載記、碑刻尚多，不能會而通之，考異質疑，徒戔戔於訓詁，乃著兩漢書辨疑四十卷，於地理、官制皆有所得。又彷其例著三國志辨疑三卷。又以宋熊方所補後漢書年表祗取材范書、陳志，乃於正史外兼取山經、地志、金石、子集，其體例依班氏之舊，而略變通之，著後漢書補表八卷。計所補王侯，多於熊書百三十人，論者謂視萬斯同歷代史表有過之無不及。他著有詩古訓十二卷，經說十卷，補續漢書藝文志二卷，後漢郡國令長考一卷，邇言二卷。 </p><p>生平不嗜榮利，名其讀書之所曰可廬，欲蘄至於古之隨遇自足者。嘉慶元年，舉孝廉方正。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="子_東垣"><span id=".E5.AD.90_.E6.9D.B1.E5.9E.A3"></span>子東垣</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=91" title="编辑章节：子東垣"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>子東垣，字既勤。嘉慶三年舉人。官浙江松陽縣知縣，以艱歸。服闋，補上虞縣。東垣與弟繹、侗，皆潛研經、史、金石，時稱「三鳳」。嘗與繹、侗及同縣秦鑑勘訂鄭志，又與繹、侗、鑑及桐鄉金錫鬯輯釋崇文總目，世稱精本。東垣為學沉博而知要，以世傳孟子注疏繆舛特甚，乃輯劉熙、綦毋邃、陸善經諸儒古注及顧炎武、閻若璩、同時師友之論，附以己見。並正其音讀，考其異同，為孟子解誼十四卷。他著有小爾雅校證二卷，補經義考四十卷，列代建元表，勤有堂文集。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="東垣弟_侗"><span id=".E6.9D.B1.E5.9E.A3.E5.BC.9F_.E4.BE.97"></span>東垣弟侗</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=92" title="编辑章节：東垣弟侗"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>侗，字同人。於曆算之學，亦能究其原本。大昕撰宋遼金元四史朔閏考，未竟而卒，侗證以群書、金石文字，增輯一千三百餘條。日夕檢閱推算，幾忘寢食，卒因是感疾而歿。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_朱駿聲"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E6.9C.B1.E9.A7.BF.E8.81.B2"></span>附朱駿聲</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=93" title="编辑章节：附朱駿聲"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>朱駿聲，字豐芑，吳縣人。年十三，受許氏說文，一讀即通曉。從錢大昕遊，錢一見奇之，曰：「衣缽之傳，將在子矣！」嘉慶二十三年舉人，官黟縣訓導。咸豐元年，以截取知縣入都，進呈所著說文通訓定聲及古今韻準、柬韻、說雅，共四十卷。文宗披覽，嘉其洽，賞國子監博士銜。旋遷揚州府學教授，引疾，未之官。八年，卒，年七十一。 </p><p>駿聲著述甚博，不求知於世，兼長推步，明通像數。嘗論爾雅太歲在寅，推大昕說，謂其時自以實測之歲星在亥，定太歲在寅，命之曰攝提格以紀年，歲星所合之辰，即為太歲。然歲星閱百四十四年而超一辰，在秦、漢而甲寅之年歲星在醜，太歲應在子。漢詔書以太初元年為攝提格者，因六十紀年之名，歷年以次排敘，不能頓超一辰，故仍命以攝提格也。於是後人以寅、卯等為太歲，強以攝提格等為歲陰。其實爾雅所云歲陽、歲陰，非如後人說也。他著有左傳旁通十卷，左傳識小錄三卷，夏小正補傳一卷，離騷補注一卷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="駿聲子_孔彰"><span id=".E9.A7.BF.E8.81.B2.E5.AD.90_.E5.AD.94.E5.BD.B0"></span>駿聲子孔彰</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&action=edit&section=94" title="编辑章节：駿聲子孔彰"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>子孔彰，字仲我。能傳父業，著有說文粹三編，十三經漢注，中興將帥別傳。 </p> <table class="ws-noexport noprint" width="100%" cellpadding="0" 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