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Polaroid 20×24 camera - Wikipedia

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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct" style="width:23em"><caption class="infobox-title fn">Polaroid 20×24</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Elsa_Dorfman_(2005).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Elsa_Dorfman_%282005%29.jpg/300px-Elsa_Dorfman_%282005%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="437" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Elsa_Dorfman_%282005%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="546" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Self portrait of <a href="/wiki/Elsa_Dorfman" title="Elsa Dorfman">Elsa Dorfman</a> with her Polaroid 20x24, taken with another 20x24</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Maker</th><td class="infobox-data brand"><a href="/wiki/Polaroid_Corporation" title="Polaroid Corporation">Polaroid</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Instant_camera" title="Instant camera">Instant</a> <a href="/wiki/Large_format" title="Large format">large format</a> <a href="/wiki/Field_camera" title="Field camera">field camera</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Production</th><td class="infobox-data">1976–78</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Sensor/medium</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sensor type</th><td class="infobox-data">Film</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Image_sensor_format" title="Image sensor format">Sensor size</a></th><td class="infobox-data">nominally 20&#160;in ×&#160;24&#160;in (51&#160;cm ×&#160;61&#160;cm)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Film_format" title="Film format">Film format</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Instant_film#Roll/pack_film" title="Instant film">Instant (peel-apart roll)</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Focusing</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Focus</th><td class="infobox-data">Manual, via bellows extension</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Exposure/metering</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Exposure_(photography)" title="Exposure (photography)">Exposure</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Manual</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Exposure_(photography)" title="Exposure (photography)">Exposure</a> <a href="/wiki/Light_metering" class="mw-redirect" title="Light metering">metering</a></th><td class="infobox-data">External meter required</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Flash</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Flash_(photography)" title="Flash (photography)">Flash</a></th><td class="infobox-data">External</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Shutter</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Shutter_(photography)" title="Shutter (photography)">Shutter</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Between-lens</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Viewfinder</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Viewfinder" title="Viewfinder">Viewfinder</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Ground glass/hood</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Frame coverage</th><td class="infobox-data">100%</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">General</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dimension" title="Dimension">Dimensions</a></th><td class="infobox-data">25.2&#160;in ×&#160;40.9&#160;in ×&#160;59.1&#160;in (64.0&#160;cm ×&#160;103.9&#160;cm ×&#160;150.1&#160;cm) (W×L×H)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">Weight</a></th><td class="infobox-data">240&#160;lb (109&#160;kg)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">References</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><sup id="cite_ref-WBUR-15_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WBUR-15-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dorfman_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dorfman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Polaroid 20×24 camera</b> is a very large <a href="/wiki/Instant_camera" title="Instant camera">instant camera</a> made by <a href="/wiki/Polaroid_Corporation" title="Polaroid Corporation">Polaroid</a>, with film plates that measure a nominal 20 by 24 inches (51&#160;cm ×&#160;61&#160;cm), giving the camera its name, although at least one camera takes pictures that are 23 by 36 inches (58&#160;cm ×&#160;91&#160;cm).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polaroid_20%C3%9724_camera&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Polaroid 20×24 is one of the largest format cameras currently in common use, and could be hired from Polaroid agents in various countries. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Plexiglass" class="mw-redirect" title="Plexiglass">plexiglass</a> sheet is taped to the front of the lens, and the subject uses their reflection to help determine where they are in the frame. Because of the size of the image, acquiring an image with sufficient <a href="/wiki/Depth_of_field" title="Depth of field">depth of field</a> can be a challenge, and the lens (the camera at 20×24 Studio in New York City was fitted with a <a href="/wiki/Fujinon#Large_format_lenses" title="Fujinon">Fujinon-A</a> 600 mm <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1207775266">.mw-parser-output span.fnumber,.mw-parser-output .fnumber-fallback{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;width:max-content}.mw-parser-output span.fnumber::first-letter,.mw-parser-output .fnumber-fallback .first-letter{font-style:italic;font-family:Trebuchet MS,Candara,Georgia,Calibri,Corbel,serif}</style><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>11 lens) is often stopped down to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1207775266"><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>90.<sup id="cite_ref-Gampat-2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gampat-2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Lenses were available in a variety of focal lengths ranging from 135 mm to 1200 mm, but only the 600 mm, 800 mm, and 1200 mm lenses were designed for the 20×24 format.<sup id="cite_ref-20-24-faq_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20-24-faq-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 20×24 is collapsible for storage and transport like a <a href="/wiki/Field_camera" title="Field camera">field camera</a>: the bellows are compressed into the body, and the body lowers into its base.<sup id="cite_ref-Explora-2010_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Explora-2010-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In use, the bellows can be extended from 17 to 60&#160;in (43 to 152&#160;cm); the front standard has a movement range of 24&#160;in (61&#160;cm) (rise and fall), 6&#160;in (15&#160;cm) (side-to-side shift), and 4&#160;in (10&#160;cm) (swing) while the rear standard is fixed and has no movements. The body of the camera may be moved from 24 to 72&#160;in (61 to 183&#160;cm) above ground level.<sup id="cite_ref-20-24-faq_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20-24-faq-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:18em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p><span style="padding-left:0.5em;">&#160;</span>The film comes out of the BOTTOM of the camera. I always feel I am delivering a baby or praying to a cameragod because I pull the film out on my knees. The pod end comes out first. </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">&#160;—&#160;<a href="/wiki/Elsa_Dorfman" title="Elsa Dorfman">Elsa Dorfman</a>,&#32;from photographer's website<sup id="cite_ref-Dorfman_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dorfman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></cite></p> </div> <p>Developing chemicals are stored in foil pods housed in the processing unit at the rear of the camera, and are applied to the exposed film via 22-inch-wide (56&#160;cm) titanium rollers.<sup id="cite_ref-WBUR-15_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WBUR-15-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20-24-faq_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20-24-faq-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The film comes on two rolls: a 150-foot-long (46&#160;m) negative roll and a 50-foot-long (15&#160;m) positive roll. After the negative is exposed, one foil pod is ruptured by the rollers and the developing chemicals are spread between the negative and positive rolls as the film exits the bottom of the camera's rear processor;<sup id="cite_ref-20-24-faq_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20-24-faq-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 1<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>&#8260;<span class="den">2</span></span> minutes after exposure, the negative and positive are peeled apart, producing the finished photograph.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polaroid_20%C3%9724_camera&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to John Reuter, a former Polaroid employee, only six cameras were built between 1976–78; five remain in use.<sup id="cite_ref-Gampat-2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gampat-2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Tracy Storer clarified that two prototypes were built first, then using the lessons learned, five finished cameras were completed; famous artists and photographers were invited to use the cameras at the Polaroid studios on the condition that Polaroid was allowed to keep some of the resulting images.<sup id="cite_ref-Studio-West-history_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Studio-West-history-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The camera was built by the company's wood and metalworking studios under the supervision of John McCann, at the request of Dr. <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Land" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin Land">Edwin Land</a>, who wanted to demonstrate the quality of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polacolor_II&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Polacolor II (page does not exist)">Polacolor II</a> film, which the company was about to launch in 8×10 format. The first portraits were taken at the 1976 Polaroid shareholder's meeting.<sup id="cite_ref-20-24-faq_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20-24-faq-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 20×24 Studio was spun off from Polaroid in 1980, with Reuter assuming technical and artistic lead duties, and the Studio's camera moved to the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Boston" title="Museum of Fine Arts, Boston">Museum of Fine Arts, Boston</a> in 1982. That year, camera time was made available to students. 20×24 Studio moved to New York in 1986 to service the demand for commercial photography there, and the original space became known as 20×24 Studio Boston.<sup id="cite_ref-Studio-West-history_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Studio-West-history-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1997, Tracy Storer assembled the first new production 20×24 in twenty years using spare parts and a 20×24 field camera front built by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisner_Classic_Manufacturing_Company&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wisner Classic Manufacturing Company (page does not exist)">Wisner Classic Manufacturing Company</a>; Storer had been hired by <a href="/wiki/Calumet_Photographic" title="Calumet Photographic">Calumet Photographic</a> to build the camera for a new large format studio in San Francisco, which was renamed The Polaroid 20×24 Studio West in 2001, and later Mammoth Camera. Storer has since built additional 20×24s on private commission and for 20×24 Holdings, one of which was shipped to Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-Studio-West-history_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Studio-West-history-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Wisner also offered a processor for Polaroid film (essentially the rear section of a 20×24), allowing the use of Polaroid 20×24 film with the large Wisner field camera;<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> at least one Wisner processor is owned by 20×24 Holdings to test film.<sup id="cite_ref-Studio-West-history_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Studio-West-history-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"> <caption>Polaroid 20×24 Cameras<sup id="cite_ref-20-24-faq_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20-24-faq-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>No.</th> <th>Owner</th> <th>Location</th> <th class="unsortable">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size:150%;">1 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge MA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;font-size:90%;">Original prototype which is now an empty shell; rollers and motor were removed.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size:150%;">2 </th> <th>20×24 Holdings </th> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;font-size:90%;">Two cameras: one is studio-based (at the Film Society of <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Center" title="Lincoln Center">Lincoln Center</a>), and the other is the "travel" camera </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size:150%;">3 </th> <th data-sort-value="Supersense">Supersense </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;font-size:90%;">Originally acquired by <a href="/wiki/Polaroid_Originals" class="mw-redirect" title="Polaroid Originals">The Impossible Project</a>. Currently operated by Supersense,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> offering <a href="/wiki/Photo_shoot" title="Photo shoot">photo shootings</a> for the public. </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size:150%;">4 </th> <th data-sort-value="Dorfman"><a href="/wiki/Elsa_Dorfman" title="Elsa Dorfman">Elsa Dorfman</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge MA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;font-size:90%;">Dorfman used the camera from approximately 1980 until her retirement in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-WBUR-15_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WBUR-15-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size:150%;">5 </th> <th>20×24 Studio Berlin </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;font-size:90%;">Originally acquired by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Hnizdo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Hnizdo (page does not exist)">Jan Hnizdo</a> and moved to <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>; later purchased by Markus Mahla in 2018 for 20×24 Studio Berlin. </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size:150%;">6 </th> <th data-sort-value="Land">Estate of <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Land" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin Land">Edwin Land</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge MA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;font-size:90%;">Bequeathed to the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Collection_of_Historical_Scientific_Instruments" title="Harvard Collection of Historical Scientific Instruments">Harvard Collection of Historical Scientific Instruments</a> in 2004; it was a retirement present for Land in 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size:150%;">– </th> <th>20×24 Studio West </th> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;font-size:90%;">"Hybrid" camera assembled by Tracy Storer using parts from one prototype and a Wisner front.<sup id="cite_ref-Studio-West-history_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Studio-West-history-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Production of the film for the 20×24 was discontinued in 2008, with approximately 550 boxes in stock at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-WBUR-15_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WBUR-15-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Each case of film contained one negative roll, three positive rolls, and 39 pods, able to make up to 45 exposures with sparing use.<sup id="cite_ref-Dorfman_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dorfman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> When the photographer Elsa Dorfman retired in 2015, only half the remaining stock was left,<sup id="cite_ref-WBUR-15_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WBUR-15-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> although <a href="/wiki/Polaroid_Originals" class="mw-redirect" title="Polaroid Originals">The Impossible Project</a> stated they were exploring how to restart film production.<sup id="cite_ref-Explora-2010_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Explora-2010-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 20×24 Studio, which was founded by Reuter to lease the cameras and sell the required supplies, announced they had restarted production of the chemicals in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> However, 20×24 Studio later announced in 2016 that support would be discontinued at the end of 2017; at the time, it cost <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$1,750</span>&#32;(equivalent to $2,220 in 2023) per day to rent a camera and each exposure was an additional <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$125</span>&#32;(equivalent to $159 in 2023).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PP-2016_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PP-2016-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Improvements to the chemistry made using the old, stored film more viable, and 20×24 Studio later announced they would be able to continue operations through 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, Ethan Moses built a new 20x24 camera, utilizing the RA-4 Reversal Process, which, while nearly instant, is not "Polaroid".<sup id="cite_ref-Cameradactyl_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cameradactyl-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Users_and_portrait_subjects">Users and portrait subjects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polaroid_20%C3%9724_camera&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Users and portrait subjects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Photographers such as <a href="/wiki/Dawoud_Bey" title="Dawoud Bey">Dawoud Bey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Carey" title="Ellen Carey">Ellen Carey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Close" title="Chuck Close">Chuck Close</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elsa_Dorfman" title="Elsa Dorfman">Elsa Dorfman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Greenfield-Sanders" title="Timothy Greenfield-Sanders">Timothy Greenfield-Sanders</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Levinthal" title="David Levinthal">David Levinthal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ellen_Mark" title="Mary Ellen Mark">Mary Ellen Mark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Rauschenberg" title="Robert Rauschenberg">Robert Rauschenberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joyce_Tenneson" title="Joyce Tenneson">Joyce Tenneson</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jennifer_Trausch&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jennifer Trausch (page does not exist)">Jennifer Trausch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andy_Warhol" title="Andy Warhol">Andy Warhol</a>, <a href="/wiki/TJ_Norris" title="TJ Norris">TJ Norris</a>, and <a href="/wiki/William_Wegman_(photographer)" title="William Wegman (photographer)">William Wegman</a> have used this heavy (235&#160;lb or 107&#160;kg), wheeled-chassis camera. Ansel Adams used the camera, notably to make the first official photographic Presidential portrait, of President Jimmy Carter in 1979. .<sup id="cite_ref-Explora-2010_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Explora-2010-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PP-2016_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PP-2016-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-instant_karma_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-instant_karma-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>To celebrate <a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga" title="Lady Gaga">Lady Gaga</a>'s new role as Creative Director of Polaroid, a portrait of her was shot with the 20×24 camera on June 30, 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polaroid_20%C3%9724_camera&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-WBUR-15-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WBUR-15_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WBUR-15_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WBUR-15_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WBUR-15_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WBUR-15_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Popular+Photography&amp;rft.atitle=The+End+of+Polaroid+20x24+Large-Format+Instant+Photography%3F&amp;rft.date=2016-06-21&amp;rft.au=Leuchter%2C+Miriam&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.popphoto.com%2Fend-polaroid-20x24-large-format-instant-photography%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolaroid+20%C3%9724+camera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://20x24studio.com/?p=2438">"20×24 Studio to Continue Operations in 2019"</a> (Press release). 20×24 Studio. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=20%C3%9724+Studio+to+Continue+Operations+in+2019&amp;rft.pub=20%C3%9724+Studio&amp;rft.date=2019-02-23&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F20x24studio.com%2F%3Fp%3D2438&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolaroid+20%C3%9724+camera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cameradactyl-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cameradactyl_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoses,_Ethan" class="citation web cs1">Moses, Ethan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/CUORtsxFRo-/">"Thanks @brooklynfilmcamera and @wyckoffwindows for having me to do some 20x24 direct postitives in Brooklyn over the next few weeks. Follow @brooklynfilmcamera for more details about portraits and workshops coming up!"</a>. <i>Instagram</i>. Instagram<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Instagram&amp;rft.atitle=Thanks+%40brooklynfilmcamera+and+%40wyckoffwindows+for+having+me+to+do+some+20x24+direct+postitives+in+Brooklyn+over+the+next+few+weeks.+Follow+%40brooklynfilmcamera+for+more+details+about+portraits+and+workshops+coming+up%21&amp;rft.au=Moses%2C+Ethan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.instagram.com%2Fp%2FCUORtsxFRo-%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolaroid+20%C3%9724+camera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-instant_karma-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-instant_karma_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_Feeney2008" class="citation news cs1">Mark Feeney (March 16, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boston.com/ae/theater_arts/articles/2008/03/15/instant_karma/?page=full">"Instant karma"</a>. <i>The Boston Globe</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-01-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Polaroid+NEW0076&amp;rft.pub=Polaroid&amp;rft.date=2010-06-30&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.polaroid.com%2Fen%2Fmovement%2F1006&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolaroid+20%C3%9724+camera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.20x24studio.com/?p=697">"Lady Gaga and the 20×24 Camera at MIT Museum"</a>. <i>20×24 Studio</i>. 30 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Tech&amp;rft.atitle=Lady+Gaga+pops+by+MIT&amp;rft.date=2010-07-07&amp;rft.au=Lyons%2C+Ana&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthetech.com%2F2010%2F07%2F07%2Fgaga-v130-n29&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolaroid+20%C3%9724+camera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polaroid_20%C3%9724_camera&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://20x24studio.com/">20×24 Studio</a> - 20×24 Holdings LLC, managed by John Reuter.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mammothcamera.com/">Mammoth Camera</a>, aka 20×24 Studio West</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://camera-readymovie.com/">"Camera Ready: The Polaroid 20×24 Project"</a>. John Reuter Productions.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Camera+Ready%3A+The+Polaroid+20%C3%9724+Project&amp;rft.pub=John+Reuter+Productions&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcamera-readymovie.com%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolaroid+20%C3%9724+camera" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.largeformatphotography.info/cameras/wisner-expedition-technical/WisnerCatalog300dpiMonoChrome.pdf#page=13">"The Wisner Company Photographic Devices &#91;catalog&#93;"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Wisner Classic Manufacturing Company. 1997.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Wisner+Company+Photographic+Devices+%5Bcatalog%5D&amp;rft.pub=Wisner+Classic+Manufacturing+Company&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.largeformatphotography.info%2Fcameras%2Fwisner-expedition-technical%2FWisnerCatalog300dpiMonoChrome.pdf%23page%3D13&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolaroid+20%C3%9724+camera" class="Z3988"></span> Wisner made a comparable 20×24 field camera using regular (non-instant) sheet film.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LtPFcovvEgk"><span class="plainlinks">A Tour of the 20x24 Polaroid Camera</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ouHbRZndKfk"><span class="plainlinks">20×24 Polaroid camera</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ouHbRZndKfk">part 1</a> | <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X9jyuzc1rqU">part 2</a>)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Polaroid" title="Template:Polaroid"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Polaroid" title="Template talk:Polaroid"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Polaroid" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Polaroid"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Polaroid_Corporation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Polaroid_Corporation" title="Polaroid Corporation">Polaroid Corporation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Polaroid_cameras" title="Category:Polaroid cameras">Cameras</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Polaroid_instant_cameras" title="List of Polaroid instant cameras">List of Polaroid instant cameras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Camera" title="Land Camera">Land Camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polaroid_Swinger" title="Polaroid Swinger">Swinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polaroid_SX-70" title="Polaroid SX-70">SX-70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polaroid_Land_Camera_1000" title="Polaroid Land Camera 1000">Land Camera 1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polaroid_Impulse" title="Polaroid Impulse">Impulse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I-Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="I-Zone">i-Zone</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">20×24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polaroid_Z340" title="Polaroid Z340">Z340</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polachrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Polachrome">Polachrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polapan" class="mw-redirect" title="Polapan">Polapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polablue" class="mw-redirect" title="Polablue">Polablue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polagraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Polagraph">Polagraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polascope" class="mw-redirect" title="Polascope">Polascope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polaroid_type_55" title="Polaroid type 55">Type 55</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polaroid_Palette" title="Polaroid Palette">Palette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polavision" title="Polavision">Polavision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polaroid_(polarizer)" title="Polaroid (polarizer)">Polarizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polaroid_Eyewear" title="Polaroid Eyewear">Eyewear</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_H._Land" title="Edwin H. Land">Edwin H. Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_camera" title="Instant camera">Instant camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_film" title="Instant film">Instant film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polaroid_B.V." title="Polaroid B.V.">Polaroid B.V.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MiNT_camera" class="mw-redirect" title="MiNT camera">MiNT camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polaroid_transfer" class="mw-redirect" title="Polaroid transfer">Polaroid transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zink_(technology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zink (technology)">Zink</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐thmnn Cached time: 20241122173906 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.620 seconds Real time usage: 0.909 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 5818/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 66842/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3162/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 26/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 103662/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.346/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7964381/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 746.562 1 -total 35.40% 264.282 1 Template:Reflist 21.74% 162.301 1 Template:Infobox_camera 20.08% 149.876 6 Template:Cite_news 13.79% 102.937 1 Template:Polaroid 13.16% 98.224 1 Template:Navbox 10.14% 75.696 1 Template:Short_description 9.70% 72.440 1 Template:Infobox 7.92% 59.141 15 Template:Cite_web 7.92% 59.098 1 Template:Wikidata_image --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:30279492-0!canonical and timestamp 20241122173906 and revision id 1226826182. 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