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id="toc-Suburbs_and_neighbouring_municipalities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suburbs_and_neighbouring_municipalities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Suburbs and neighbouring municipalities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suburbs_and_neighbouring_municipalities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Augsburg_Confession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Augsburg_Confession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Augsburg Confession</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Augsburg_Confession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leading_European_centre_of_capitalism_of_the_sixteenth_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leading_European_centre_of_capitalism_of_the_sixteenth_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Leading European centre of capitalism of the sixteenth century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leading_European_centre_of_capitalism_of_the_sixteenth_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Witch_hunts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Witch_hunts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Witch hunts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Witch_hunts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thirty_Years'_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thirty_Years'_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Thirty Years' War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thirty_Years'_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guilds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guilds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Guilds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guilds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nine_Years'_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nine_Years'_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Nine Years' War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nine_Years'_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-End_of_Free_Imperial_City_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#End_of_Free_Imperial_City_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>End of Free Imperial City status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-End_of_Free_Imperial_City_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industrial_revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial_revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Industrial revolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial_revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_World_War_and_Cold_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_World_War_and_Cold_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Second World War and Cold War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_World_War_and_Cold_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Municipality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Municipality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Municipality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Municipality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mayor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mayor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Mayor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mayor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City_council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>City council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Members_of_the_Bundestag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Members_of_the_Bundestag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Members of the Bundestag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Members_of_the_Bundestag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_historic_sights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_historic_sights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Main historic sights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_historic_sights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water_Management_System" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_Management_System"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Water Management System</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_Management_System-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Incorporations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incorporations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Incorporations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Incorporations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Roads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1.1</span> <span>Public transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intercity_bus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intercity_bus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1.2</span> <span>Intercity bus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intercity_bus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Railway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Air transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Major_companies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_companies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Major companies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_companies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable people subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_city_nicknames" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_city_nicknames"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Local city nicknames</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_city_nicknames-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Augsburg</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 107 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-107" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">107 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%BA" title="آوغسبورغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آوغسبورغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburgu" title="Augsburgu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Augsburgu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auqsburq" title="Auqsburq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Auqsburq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82" title="آوقسبورق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آوقسبورق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97" title="আউগসবুর্গ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আউগসবুর্গ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%9E%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Аўгсбург – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аўгсбург" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%9E%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Аўгсбург – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Аўгсбург" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Аугсбург – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Аугсбург" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augschbuag" title="Augschbuag – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Augschbuag" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg_(munisipyo)" title="Augsburg (munisipyo) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Augsburg (munisipyo)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Άουγκσμπουργκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άουγκσμπουργκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburgo" title="Augsburgo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Augsburgo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="آوکسبورک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آوکسبورک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsbourg" title="Augsbourg – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Augsbourg" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburgo" title="Augsburgo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Augsburgo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9A%B0%ED%81%AC%EC%8A%A4%EB%B6%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC" title="아우크스부르크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아우크스부르크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A3%D5%BD%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A3" title="Աուգսբուրգ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աուգսբուրգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="औग्स्बुर्ग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="औग्स्बुर्ग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Аугсбург – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Аугсбург" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81gsborg" title="Ágsborg – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ágsborg" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augusta_(Germania)" title="Augusta (Germania) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Augusta (Germania)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%90%D7%95%D7%92%D7%A1%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92" title="אאוגסבורג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אאוגסבורג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%92%E1%83%A1%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="აუგსბურგი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აუგსბურგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Аугсбург – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Аугсбург" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburga" title="Augsburga – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Augsburga" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augusta_Vindelicorum" title="Augusta Vindelicorum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Augusta Vindelicorum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburga" title="Augsburga – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Augsburga" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburgas" title="Augsburgas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Augsburgas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Аугсбург – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Аугсбург" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="आउग्सबुर्ग – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आउग्सबुर्ग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="اوجسبورج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اوجسبورج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Аугсбург – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Аугсбург" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg_(stad)" title="Augsburg (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Augsburg (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A6%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF" title="アウクスブルク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アウクスブルク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Аугсбург – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Аугсбург" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsb%C3%B6rj" title="Augsbörj – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Augsbörj" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsborg" title="Augsborg – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Augsborg" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="اگزبرگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اگزبرگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augusta" title="Augusta – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Augusta" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsborg" title="Augsborg – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Augsborg" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburgo" title="Augsburgo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Augsburgo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Аугсбург – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аугсбург" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%A8%DB%86%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="ئاوگسبۆرگ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئاوگسبۆرگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Аугзбург – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Аугзбург" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%94%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81" title="ஔசுபூர்கு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஔசுபூர்கு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Аугсбург – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Аугсбург" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%84" title="เอาคส์บวร์ค – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอาคส์บวร์ค" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Аугсбург – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Аугсбург" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Аугсбург – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Аугсбург" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="اوگسبورگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اوگسبورگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1" title="奥格斯堡 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="奥格斯堡" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1" title="奧格斯堡 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="奧格斯堡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Augsburg" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1" title="奥格斯堡 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="奥格斯堡" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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.ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org"><span class="wrap">Augsburg </span></div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><small><span title="Swabian-language text"><i lang="swg">Ougschburg</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Swabian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Swabian language">Swabian</a>)</span></small></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population" title="List of cities in Germany by population">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:162px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Augsburg_-_Markt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Augsburg_-_Markt.jpg/268px-Augsburg_-_Markt.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Augsburg_-_Markt.jpg/402px-Augsburg_-_Markt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Augsburg_-_Markt.jpg/536px-Augsburg_-_Markt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4370" data-file-height="2657" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Perlachturm" title="Perlachturm">Perlachturm</a> and <a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Town_Hall" title="Augsburg Town Hall">Augsburg Town Hall</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:113px;max-width:113px"><div style="height:101px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maximilianmuseum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Maximilianmuseum.jpg/111px-Maximilianmuseum.jpg" decoding="async" width="111" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Maximilianmuseum.jpg/167px-Maximilianmuseum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Maximilianmuseum.jpg/222px-Maximilianmuseum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3100" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Maximilian Museum">Maximilian Museum</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:155px;max-width:155px"><div style="height:101px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fugger_Fuggerei-Markuskirche%2BHerrengasse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fugger_Fuggerei-Markuskirche%2BHerrengasse.jpg/153px-Fugger_Fuggerei-Markuskirche%2BHerrengasse.jpg" decoding="async" width="153" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fugger_Fuggerei-Markuskirche%2BHerrengasse.jpg/230px-Fugger_Fuggerei-Markuskirche%2BHerrengasse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fugger_Fuggerei-Markuskirche%2BHerrengasse.jpg/306px-Fugger_Fuggerei-Markuskirche%2BHerrengasse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="797" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Fuggerei" title="Fuggerei">Fuggerei</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:140px;max-width:140px"><div style="height:113px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Der_Hohe_Dom_zu_AugsburgDSC_2136.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Der_Hohe_Dom_zu_AugsburgDSC_2136.jpg/138px-Der_Hohe_Dom_zu_AugsburgDSC_2136.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Der_Hohe_Dom_zu_AugsburgDSC_2136.jpg/207px-Der_Hohe_Dom_zu_AugsburgDSC_2136.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Der_Hohe_Dom_zu_AugsburgDSC_2136.jpg/276px-Der_Hohe_Dom_zu_AugsburgDSC_2136.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3864" data-file-height="3189" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Cathedral" title="Augsburg Cathedral">Augsburg Cathedral</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:128px;max-width:128px"><div style="height:113px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Schaezlerpalais_Augsburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Schaezlerpalais_Augsburg.jpg/126px-Schaezlerpalais_Augsburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Schaezlerpalais_Augsburg.jpg/189px-Schaezlerpalais_Augsburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Schaezlerpalais_Augsburg.jpg/252px-Schaezlerpalais_Augsburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7635" data-file-height="6897" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Schaezlerpalais" title="Schaezlerpalais">Schaezlerpalais</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:178px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St-ulrich-aus-der-luft.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/St-ulrich-aus-der-luft.JPG/268px-St-ulrich-aus-der-luft.JPG" decoding="async" width="268" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/St-ulrich-aus-der-luft.JPG/402px-St-ulrich-aus-der-luft.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/St-ulrich-aus-der-luft.JPG/536px-St-ulrich-aus-der-luft.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_SS._Ulrich_and_Afra,_Augsburg" title="Basilica of SS. Ulrich and Afra, Augsburg">Basilica of SS. Ulrich and Afra</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Augsburg_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Augsburg"><img alt="Flag of Augsburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/DEU_Augsburg_Flag.svg/100px-DEU_Augsburg_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/DEU_Augsburg_Flag.svg/150px-DEU_Augsburg_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/DEU_Augsburg_Flag.svg/200px-DEU_Augsburg_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Augsburg_COA_1811.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Augsburg"><img alt="Coat of arms of Augsburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/DEU_Augsburg_COA_1811.svg/73px-DEU_Augsburg_COA_1811.svg.png" decoding="async" width="73" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/DEU_Augsburg_COA_1811.svg/109px-DEU_Augsburg_COA_1811.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/DEU_Augsburg_COA_1811.svg/146px-DEU_Augsburg_COA_1811.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="521" data-file-height="571" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; height:5px;">Location of Augsburg</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_d28cc6d2293e07530abc4fe47cc583a5bd8e6c14"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Augsburg&revid=1276043406&groups=_d28cc6d2293e07530abc4fe47cc583a5bd8e6c14" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Augsburg&revid=1276043406&groups=_d28cc6d2293e07530abc4fe47cc583a5bd8e6c14 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Germany_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Augsburg is located in Germany"><img alt="Augsburg is located in Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/250px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/375px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/500px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1073" data-file-height="1272" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:85.204%;left:53.978%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Augsburg"><img alt="Augsburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><span class="wrap">Augsburg </span></div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Germany</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bavaria_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Augsburg is located in Bavaria"><img alt="Augsburg is located in Bavaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Bavaria_location_map.svg/250px-Bavaria_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Bavaria_location_map.svg/375px-Bavaria_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Bavaria_location_map.svg/500px-Bavaria_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="867" data-file-height="855" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:67.295%;left:38.717%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Augsburg"><img alt="Augsburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><span class="wrap">Augsburg </span></div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Bavaria</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Augsburg&params=48_22_08_N_10_53_52_E_region:DE-BY_type:city(296,000)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°22′08″N</span> <span class="longitude">10°53′52″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.36889°N 10.89778°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.36889; 10.89778</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">Admin. region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Swabia_(Bavaria)" title="Swabia (Bavaria)">Swabia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Urban_districts_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban districts of Germany">Urban district</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lord_mayor" title="Lord mayor">Lord mayor</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2020–26) </span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eva_Weber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eva Weber (page does not exist)">Eva Weber</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Union_in_Bavaria" title="Christian Social Union in Bavaria">CSU</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population" title="List of cities in Germany by population">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">146.84 km<sup>2</sup> (56.70 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">494 m (1,621 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2023-12-31)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population" title="List of cities in Germany by population">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">303,150</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,100/km<sup>2</sup> (5,300/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">885,000</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Germany" title="Time in Germany">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Germany" title="Postal codes in Germany">Postal codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">86150–86199</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dialling_codes_in_Germany" title="List of dialling codes in Germany">Dialling codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0821</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Germany" title="Vehicle registration plates of Germany">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">A</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.augsburg.de/">www<wbr />.augsburg<wbr />.de</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Augsburg</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/aʊ/: 'ou' in 'mouth'">aʊ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɜːr/: 'ur' in 'fur'">ɜːr</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">OWGZ</span>-burg</i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɔː/: 'au' in 'fraud'">ɔː</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>-/</a></span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">AWGZ</span>-</i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈaʊksbʊʁk]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/3b\/Augsburg.ogg\/Augsburg.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Augsburg.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/Augsburg.ogg/Augsburg.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Augsburg.ogg" title="File:Augsburg.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>; <a href="/wiki/Swabian_German" title="Swabian German">Swabian German</a>: <i lang="swg">Ougschburg</i>) is a city in the <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavarian</a> part of <a href="/wiki/Swabia" title="Swabia">Swabia</a>, Germany, around 50 kilometres (31 mi) west of the Bavarian capital <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>. It is a <a href="/wiki/College_town" title="College town">university town</a> and the regional seat of the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">Regierungsbezirk</a></i></span> <a href="/wiki/Swabia_(administrative_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swabia (administrative region)">Swabia</a> with a well preserved Altstadt (historical city centre). Augsburg is an <a href="/wiki/Urban_districts_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban districts of Germany">urban district</a> and home to the institutions of the <a href="/wiki/Augsburg_(district)" title="Augsburg (district)">Landkreis Augsburg</a>. It is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Bavaria_by_population" title="List of cities in Bavaria by population">third-largest city</a> in Bavaria (after Munich and <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a>), with a population of 304,000<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 885,000 in its metropolitan area.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/Neuss" title="Neuss">Neuss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trier" title="Trier">Trier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Worms,_Germany" title="Worms, Germany">Worms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xanten" title="Xanten">Xanten</a>, Augsburg is one of Germany's oldest cities, founded in 15 BC by the Romans as <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Early_history">Augusta Vindelicorum</a> and named after the <a href="/wiki/Roman_emperor" title="Roman emperor">Roman emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>. It was a <a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Imperial City">Free Imperial City</a> from 1276 to 1803 and the home of the <a href="/wiki/Patrician_(post-Roman_Europe)" title="Patrician (post-Roman Europe)">patrician</a> <a href="/wiki/Fugger" class="mw-redirect" title="Fugger">Fugger</a> and <a href="/wiki/Welser" class="mw-redirect" title="Welser">Welser</a> families that dominated European banking in the 16th century. According to Behringer, in the sixteenth century it became "the dominant centre of early capitalism", having benefited from being part of the <a href="/wiki/Kaiserliche_Reichspost" title="Kaiserliche Reichspost">Kaiserliche Reichspost</a> system as "the location of the most important post office within the Holy Roman Empire" and the city's close connection to <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBehringer2011350_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBehringer2011350-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city played a leading role in the <a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a> as the site of the 1530 <a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Confession" title="Augsburg Confession">Augsburg Confession</a> and the 1555 <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Augsburg" title="Peace of Augsburg">Peace of Augsburg</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Fuggerei" title="Fuggerei">Fuggerei</a>, the oldest social housing complex in the world, was founded in 1513 by <a href="/wiki/Jakob_Fugger" title="Jakob Fugger">Jakob Fugger</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> recognised the Water Management System of Augsburg as a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> because of its unique medieval canals and water towers and its testimony to the development of hydraulic engineering.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Augsburg lies at the convergence of the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alpine</a> rivers <a href="/wiki/Lech_(river)" title="Lech (river)">Lech</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wertach_(river)" title="Wertach (river)">Wertach</a> and on the <a href="/wiki/Singold" title="Singold">Singold</a>. The oldest part of the city and the southern quarters are on the northern foothills of a high terrace, which has emerged between the steep rim of the hills of <a href="/wiki/Friedberg_(Bayern)" class="mw-redirect" title="Friedberg (Bayern)">Friedberg</a> in the east and the high hills of the west. In the south extends the Lechfeld, an <a href="/wiki/Outwash_plain" title="Outwash plain">outwash plain</a> of the post <a href="/wiki/Ice_age" title="Ice age">ice age</a> between the rivers Lech and Wertach, where rare primeval landscapes were preserved. The Augsburg city forest and the Lech valley heaths today rank among the most species-rich middle European habitats.<sup id="cite_ref-KelceyMüller2011_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KelceyMüller2011-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Augsburg borders the <a href="/wiki/Nature_park" title="Nature park">nature park</a> <a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Western_Woods_Nature_Park" title="Augsburg Western Woods Nature Park">Augsburg Western Woods</a>, a large forestland. The city itself is also heavily verdant. As a result, in 1997 Augsburg was the first German city to win the Europe-wide contest <a href="/wiki/Entente_Florale" class="mw-redirect" title="Entente Florale">Entente Florale</a> for Europe's greenest and most livable city. </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1108px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Augsburg-Pan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View of Augsburg, from the west"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Augsburg-Pan.jpg/1100px-Augsburg-Pan.jpg" decoding="async" width="1100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Augsburg-Pan.jpg/1650px-Augsburg-Pan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Augsburg-Pan.jpg/2200px-Augsburg-Pan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="31579" data-file-height="2875" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Augsburg-Pan.jpg" title="File:Augsburg-Pan.jpg"> </a></div>View of Augsburg, from the west</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suburbs_and_neighbouring_municipalities">Suburbs and neighbouring municipalities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Suburbs and neighbouring municipalities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Augsburg is surrounded by the counties <a href="/wiki/Augsburg_(district)" title="Augsburg (district)">Landkreis Augsburg</a> in the west and <a href="/wiki/Aichach-Friedberg" title="Aichach-Friedberg">Aichach-Friedberg</a> in the east. </p><p>The suburbs of Augsburg are <a href="/wiki/Friedberg_(Bayern)" class="mw-redirect" title="Friedberg (Bayern)">Friedberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsbrunn" title="Königsbrunn">Königsbrunn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stadtbergen" title="Stadtbergen">Stadtbergen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neus%C3%A4%C3%9F" title="Neusäß">Neusäß</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gersthofen" title="Gersthofen">Gersthofen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diedorf_(Schwaben)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diedorf (Schwaben)">Diedorf</a>. </p><p>Neighbouring municipalities: <a href="/wiki/Rehling" title="Rehling">Rehling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Affing" title="Affing">Affing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kissing,_Bavaria" title="Kissing, Bavaria">Kissing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mering" title="Mering">Mering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merching" title="Merching">Merching</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bobingen" title="Bobingen">Bobingen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gessertshausen" title="Gessertshausen">Gessertshausen</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Augsburg" title="Timeline of Augsburg">Timeline of Augsburg</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1_conventionsthaler_Francis_I_-_1765.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/1_conventionsthaler_Francis_I_-_1765.png/260px-1_conventionsthaler_Francis_I_-_1765.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/1_conventionsthaler_Francis_I_-_1765.png/390px-1_conventionsthaler_Francis_I_-_1765.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/1_conventionsthaler_Francis_I_-_1765.png/520px-1_conventionsthaler_Francis_I_-_1765.png 2x" data-file-width="1508" data-file-height="758" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Silver_coin" title="Silver coin">Silver coin</a>: 1 conventionsthaler <a href="/wiki/Francis_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor</a>, 1765</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuremberg_chronicles_-_Augusta_vendilicorum.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Nuremberg_chronicles_-_Augusta_vendilicorum.png/220px-Nuremberg_chronicles_-_Augusta_vendilicorum.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Nuremberg_chronicles_-_Augusta_vendilicorum.png/330px-Nuremberg_chronicles_-_Augusta_vendilicorum.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Nuremberg_chronicles_-_Augusta_vendilicorum.png/440px-Nuremberg_chronicles_-_Augusta_vendilicorum.png 2x" data-file-width="2072" data-file-height="815" /></a><figcaption>Panorama of Augsburg, 1493</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:J%C3%B6rg_Breu_-_Augsburg_-_Winter.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/J%C3%B6rg_Breu_-_Augsburg_-_Winter.JPG/220px-J%C3%B6rg_Breu_-_Augsburg_-_Winter.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/J%C3%B6rg_Breu_-_Augsburg_-_Winter.JPG/330px-J%C3%B6rg_Breu_-_Augsburg_-_Winter.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/J%C3%B6rg_Breu_-_Augsburg_-_Winter.JPG/440px-J%C3%B6rg_Breu_-_Augsburg_-_Winter.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5948" data-file-height="3900" /></a><figcaption>Perlach market place in 1550</figcaption></figure> <p>The city of Augsburg was founded in 15 BC on the orders of <a href="/wiki/Emperor" title="Emperor">Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emperor Augustus conducted extensive military campaigns and established administrative settlements. The <a href="/wiki/Colonia_(Roman)" title="Colonia (Roman)">Roman colony</a> that became Augsburg was known as <i>Augusta Vindelicorum</i>, meaning "the Augustan city of the <a href="/wiki/Vindelici" title="Vindelici">Vindelici</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The settlement was established at the convergence of the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alpine</a> rivers <a href="/wiki/Lech_(river)" title="Lech (river)">Lech</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wertach_(river)" title="Wertach (river)">Wertach</a>. In 120 AD Augsburg became the administrative capital of the Roman province of <a href="/wiki/Raetia" title="Raetia">Raetia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Augsburg was sacked by the <a href="/wiki/Hun" class="mw-redirect" title="Hun">Huns</a> in the fifth century AD, by <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> in the eighth century and by <a href="/wiki/Welf_I,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Welf I, Duke of Bavaria">Welf I, Duke of Bavaria</a> in the 11th century.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Augsburg_Confession">Augsburg Confession</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Augsburg Confession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Augsburg was granted the status of a <a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Imperial City">Free Imperial City</a> on 9 March 1276 and from then until 1803, it was independent of its former overlord, the <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Augsburg" title="Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg">Prince-Bishop of Augsburg</a>. Frictions between the city-state and the prince-bishops were to remain frequent however, particularly after Augsburg became <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> and curtailed the rights and freedoms of <a href="/wiki/Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholics">Catholics</a>. With its strategic location at an intersection of trade routes to Italy, the Free Imperial City of Augsburg became a major trading centre.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Augsburg produced large quantities of woven goods, cloth and textiles. Augsburg became the base of two banking families that rose to great prominence, the <a href="/wiki/Fugger" class="mw-redirect" title="Fugger">Fuggers</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Welser" class="mw-redirect" title="Welser">Welsers</a>. The Fugger family donated the <a href="/wiki/Fuggerei" title="Fuggerei">Fuggerei</a> part of the city devoted to housing for needy citizens in 1516, which remains in use today.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1530, the <a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Confession" title="Augsburg Confession">Augsburg Confession</a> was presented to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Diet_of_Augsburg" title="Diet of Augsburg">Diet of Augsburg</a>. Following the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Augsburg" title="Peace of Augsburg">Peace of Augsburg</a> in 1555, after which the rights of religious minorities in imperial cities were to be legally protected, a mixed Catholic–Protestant city council presided over a majority Protestant population; <i>see <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parit%C3%A4tische_Reichsstadt" class="extiw" title="de:Paritätische Reichsstadt">Paritätische Reichsstadt</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leading_European_centre_of_capitalism_of_the_sixteenth_century">Leading European centre of capitalism of the sixteenth century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Leading European centre of capitalism of the sixteenth century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seld_Joerg_Vogelschauplan_von_Westen_Augsburg.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Seld_Joerg_Vogelschauplan_von_Westen_Augsburg.jpeg/400px-Seld_Joerg_Vogelschauplan_von_Westen_Augsburg.jpeg" decoding="async" width="400" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Seld_Joerg_Vogelschauplan_von_Westen_Augsburg.jpeg/600px-Seld_Joerg_Vogelschauplan_von_Westen_Augsburg.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Seld_Joerg_Vogelschauplan_von_Westen_Augsburg.jpeg/800px-Seld_Joerg_Vogelschauplan_von_Westen_Augsburg.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="631" /></a><figcaption>A "bird’s-eye view" plan of western Augsburg, 1521</figcaption></figure> <p>Augsburg's economic boom years occurred during the 15th and 16th centuries thanks to the <a href="/wiki/Bank" title="Bank">bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metal</a> businesses of the merchant families <a href="/wiki/Fugger" class="mw-redirect" title="Fugger">Fugger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Welser" class="mw-redirect" title="Welser">Welser</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hochstetter_family" title="Hochstetter family">Hochstetter</a>. These families held a near total monopoly in important industries. Monopolies were considered criminal in contemporary laws and these families' practices were criticised by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> himself, but as <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor Charles V</a> needed their financial assistance, he cancelled the charge in the 1530s.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 16th century Augsburg became one of Germany's largest cities. Augsburg was a major <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">manufacturing</a> centre for <a href="/wiki/Textile" title="Textile">textiles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armor" class="mw-redirect" title="Armor">armor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scientific_instrument" title="Scientific instrument">scientific instruments</a>, as well as gold- and silver-smithing. The prolific <a href="/wiki/Printing_press" title="Printing press">printers</a> of Augsburg also made the city the largest producer of German-language <a href="/wiki/Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Books">books</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>. Like other <a href="/wiki/Free_imperial_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Free imperial cities">free imperial cities</a>, Augsburg was an independent entity, and had authority over its <a href="/wiki/Tax" title="Tax">tax</a> policies.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Augsburg's wealth attracted artists seeking <a href="/wiki/Patron" class="mw-redirect" title="Patron">patrons</a>. The city rapidly became a creative centre for <a href="/wiki/Sculptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Sculptor">sculptors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Musician" title="Musician">musicians</a>. Augsburg became the base of the Holbein family, starting with <a href="/wiki/Hans_Holbein_the_Elder" title="Hans Holbein the Elder">Hans Holbein the Elder</a>. The composer <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Mozart" title="Leopold Mozart">Leopold Mozart</a> was born and educated in Augsburg.<sup id="cite_ref-allmusic_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allmusic-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a> became so prevalent that it became known as "Augsburg style" throughout Germany.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Augsburg benefitted majorly from the establishment and expansion of the <a href="/wiki/Kaiserliche_Reichspost" title="Kaiserliche Reichspost">Kaiserliche Reichspost</a> in the late 15th and early 16th century. This postal system, which was the first modern postal service in the world, was created through negotiations and agreements between the Taxis family represented by <a href="/wiki/Franz_von_Taxis" class="mw-redirect" title="Franz von Taxis">Franz von Taxis</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_von_Taxis" class="extiw" title="de:Franz von Taxis">de</a>]</span> and the early Habsburgs monarches, notably <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian I</a>, his son <a href="/wiki/Philip_I,_King_of_Castile" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip I, King of Castile">Philip the Handsome</a> and grandson Charles V.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even when the Habsburg empire began to extend to other parts of Europe, Maximilian's loyalty to Augsburg, where he conducted a lot of his endeavours, meant that the imperial city became "the dominant centre of early capitalism" of the sixteenth century, and "the location of the most important post office within the Holy Roman Empire". From Maximilian's time, as the "terminuses of the first transcontinental post lines" began to shift from <a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a> to <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a> and from <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> to <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>, in these cities, the communication system and the news market started to converge. As the Fuggers as well as other trading companies based their most important branches in these cities, these traders gained access to these systems as well (despite a widely circulated theory which holds that the Fuggers themselves operated their own communication system, in reality they relied upon the imperial posts, presumably from the 1490s onwards, as official members of the court of Maximilian I).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Witch_hunts">Witch hunts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Witch hunts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several <a href="/wiki/Witch_hunts" class="mw-redirect" title="Witch hunts">witch hunts</a> occurred in Augsburg in the late 16th century. Following the 1585–1588 <a href="/wiki/Plague_(disease)" title="Plague (disease)">plague</a> epidemic, southeast Germany was shattered by the 1589–1591 witch hunts. Following the 1592–1593 plague epidemic, cities in southeast Germany entered a period of <a href="/wiki/Inflation" title="Inflation">inflation</a>, marked by brutal witch hunts in urban areas.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thirty_Years'_War"><span id="Thirty_Years.27_War"></span>Thirty Years' War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Thirty Years' War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Religious peace in the city was largely maintained despite increasing tensions up to the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a> (1618–1648). In 1629, the Holy Roman Emperor <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand II</a> issued the <a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Restitution" title="Edict of Restitution">Edict of Restitution</a>, which restored the legal situation of 1552. However, the edict was revoked in April 1632, when <a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Adolphus_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden">Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden</a> occupied Augsburg.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1634, the Swedish army was defeated at the nearby <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_N%C3%B6rdlingen_(1634)" title="Battle of Nördlingen (1634)">Battle of Nördlingen</a>. By October 1634, Catholic troops had surrounded Augsburg. The Swedish army refused to surrender and a <a href="/wiki/Siege" title="Siege">siege</a> ensued through the winter of 1634/35 and thousands died from hunger and disease. During the Swedish occupation and the siege by Catholic troops, the population of the city was reduced from about 70,000 to about 16,000. Diseases such as <a href="/wiki/Typhus" title="Typhus">typhus</a> and the plague ravaged the city.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guilds">Guilds</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Guilds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the first half of the 17th century Augsburg was pivotal in the European network of <a href="/wiki/Goldsmith" title="Goldsmith">goldsmiths</a>. Augsburg attracted goldsmith journeymen from all over Europe and in the 18th century a large number of <a href="/wiki/Silversmith" title="Silversmith">silversmiths</a> and goldsmiths became <a href="/wiki/Master_craftsman" title="Master craftsman">master craftsman</a> in Augsburg.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nine_Years'_War"><span id="Nine_Years.27_War"></span>Nine Years' War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Nine Years' War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1686 the <a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I</a> formed the <i>League of Augsburg</i>, also known as the "Grand Alliance" after England joined in 1689. The <a href="/wiki/Coalition" title="Coalition">coalition</a> consisted at various times of Austria, <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a>, England, the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_the_Palatinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Electorate of the Palatinate">Electorate of the Palatinate</a>, Portugal, <a href="/wiki/Savoy" title="Savoy">Savoy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saxony" title="Saxony">Saxony</a>, Spain, Sweden, and the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a>. The coalition was formed to defend the Electorate of the Palatinate and fought against France in the <a href="/wiki/Nine_Years%27_War" title="Nine Years' War">Nine Years' War</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="End_of_Free_Imperial_City_status">End of Free Imperial City status</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: End of Free Imperial City status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Augsburg_map_1705-1720.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Augsburg_map_1705-1720.png/220px-Augsburg_map_1705-1720.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Augsburg_map_1705-1720.png/330px-Augsburg_map_1705-1720.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Augsburg_map_1705-1720.png/440px-Augsburg_map_1705-1720.png 2x" data-file-width="2236" data-file-height="1714" /></a><figcaption>Early 18th century map of Augsburg and surrounding area</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stockdale_1800_-_Augsburg.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Stockdale_1800_-_Augsburg.jpeg/220px-Stockdale_1800_-_Augsburg.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Stockdale_1800_-_Augsburg.jpeg/330px-Stockdale_1800_-_Augsburg.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Stockdale_1800_-_Augsburg.jpeg/440px-Stockdale_1800_-_Augsburg.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="5455" data-file-height="4049" /></a><figcaption>A map of Augsburg in 1800</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Reichsdeputationshauptschluss" title="Reichsdeputationshauptschluss">Reichsdeputationshauptschluss</a> or the Final Recess of 1803, saw the annexation of nearly all of the 51 Free Imperial Cities, excepting Augsburg and five others. However, when the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> was dissolved in 1806, Napoleon encouraged his German allies to annex their smaller neighbours, and Augsburg lost its independence. It was annexed to the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Kingdom of Bavaria</a>. In 1817, the city became an administrative capital of the <i>Oberdonaukreis</i>, then administrative capital in 1837 for the district <a href="/wiki/Swabia_(administrative_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swabia (administrative region)">Swabia and Neuburg</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrial_revolution">Industrial revolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Industrial revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the end of the 19th century, <a href="/wiki/Augsburg_textile_and_industry_museum" title="Augsburg textile and industry museum">Augsburg's textile industry</a> again rose to prominence followed by the machine manufacturing industry.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_World_War_and_Cold_War">Second World War and Cold War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Second World War and Cold War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Augsburg was historically a militarily important city due to its strategic location. During the German re-armament before the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a>, the Wehrmacht enlarged Augsburg's one original Kaserne (barracks) to three: Somme Kaserne (housing Wehrmacht Artillerie-Regiment 27); Arras Kaserne (housing Wehrmacht Infanterie Regiment 27) and Panzerjäger Kaserne (housing Panzerabwehr-Abteilung 27 (later Panzerjäger-Abteilung 27)). Wehrmacht Panzerjäger-Abteilung 27 was later moved to <a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCssen" title="Füssen">Füssen</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A-Polish-woman-weeps-as-she-tells-her-story-to-US-troops-142365089506.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/A-Polish-woman-weeps-as-she-tells-her-story-to-US-troops-142365089506.jpg/220px-A-Polish-woman-weeps-as-she-tells-her-story-to-US-troops-142365089506.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/A-Polish-woman-weeps-as-she-tells-her-story-to-US-troops-142365089506.jpg/330px-A-Polish-woman-weeps-as-she-tells-her-story-to-US-troops-142365089506.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/A-Polish-woman-weeps-as-she-tells-her-story-to-US-troops-142365089506.jpg/440px-A-Polish-woman-weeps-as-she-tells-her-story-to-US-troops-142365089506.jpg 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="705" /></a><figcaption>A Polish woman weeps as she tells American soldiers of her life as a <a href="/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">slave labourer</a> for the Nazis. She was liberated in Augsburg when the third-largest Bavarian city fell to the Americans (23 April 1945).</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/MAN_SE" title="MAN SE">MAN</a> factory at Augsburg was the largest German manufacturer of engines for U-boats in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and became the target of the Augsburg Raid. When the <a href="/wiki/Avro_Lancaster" title="Avro Lancaster">Avro Lancaster</a> bomber was new in service, the <a href="/wiki/RAF" class="mw-redirect" title="RAF">RAF</a> sent 12 at low level to bomb the factory in daylight, on 17 April 1942. The bombers were intercepted en route and only five returned, all damaged. The factory was damaged but production continued; the factory was repeatedly bombed later. A subcamp of the <a href="/wiki/Dachau_concentration_camp" title="Dachau concentration camp">Dachau concentration camp</a> outside Augsburg supplied approximately 1,300 forced labourers to local military-related industry, especially the <a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt" title="Messerschmitt">Messerschmitt</a> AG military aircraft firm, headquartered in Augsburg.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1941 <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess">Rudolf Hess</a>, without <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>'s permission, secretly took off from a local Augsburg airport and flew to Scotland, crashing in <a href="/wiki/Eaglesham" title="Eaglesham">Eaglesham</a>, to the south of Glasgow. His objective was to meet the <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Douglas-Hamilton,_14th_Duke_of_Hamilton" title="Douglas Douglas-Hamilton, 14th Duke of Hamilton">Duke of Hamilton</a> in an attempt to mediate the end of the European front of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and join sides for the upcoming Russian Campaign. </p><p>The Reichswehr Infanterie Regiment 19 was stationed in Augsburg and became the base unit for the Wehrmacht Infanterie Regiment 40, a subsection of the Wehrmacht Infanterie Division 27 (which later became the Wehrmacht Panzerdivision 17). Elements of Wehrmacht II Battalion of Gebirgs-Jäger-Regiment 99 (especially Wehrmacht Panzerjäger Kompanie 14) was composed of parts of the Wehrmacht Infanterie Division 27. The Infanterie Regiment 40 remained in Augsburg until the end of the war, finally surrendering to the United States on 28 April 1945 when the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army">U.S. Army</a> occupied the city. The city and its Messerschmitt works were <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Augsburg_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Augsburg in World War II">bombed on three occasions</a> during the war. Collateral damage included the destruction of just under 25% of all homes in the city and the deaths of several hundred people.<sup id="cite_ref-diaryfeb44_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-diaryfeb44-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the war the three Kasernen changed hands confusingly between the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> and Germans, finally ending up in US hands for the duration of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>. They became the three main US barracks in Augsburg: Reese, Sheridan and FLAK. US Base FLAK had been an anti-aircraft barracks since 1936 and US Base Sheridan 'united' the former infantry barracks with a smaller Kaserne for former <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a> communications units. </p><p>The American military presence in the city started with the U.S. 5th Infantry Division stationed at FLAK Kaserne from 1945 to 1955, then by <a href="/wiki/U.S._11th_Airborne_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. 11th Airborne Division">11th Airborne Division</a>, followed by the <a href="/wiki/24th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="24th Infantry Division (United States)">24th Infantry Division</a>, U.S. Army <a href="/wiki/VII_Corps_(United_States)" title="VII Corps (United States)">VII Corps</a> artillery, <a href="/wiki/701st_Military_Intelligence_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="701st Military Intelligence Brigade">USASA Field Station Augsburg</a> and finally the <a href="/wiki/66th_Military_Intelligence_Brigade_(United_States)" title="66th Military Intelligence Brigade (United States)">66th Military Intelligence Brigade</a>, which returned the former Kaserne to German hands in 1998. Originally the Heeresverpflegungshauptamt Südbayern and an Officers' caisson existed on or near the location of Reese-Kaserne but was demolished by the occupying Americans. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Municipality">Municipality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Municipality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Augsburg" title="List of mayors of Augsburg">List of mayors of Augsburg</a></div> <p>From 1266 until 1548, the terms <i>Stadtpfleger</i> (head of town council) and <i><a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">Mayor</a></i> were used interchangeably, or occasionally, simultaneously. In 1548 the title was finally fixed to <i>Stadtpfleger</i>, who officiated for several years and was then awarded the title for life (though no longer governing), thus resulting confusingly, in records of two or more simultaneous <i>Stadtpfleger</i>. </p><p>After the transfer to <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a> in 1806, Augsburg was ruled by a <a href="/wiki/Magistrate" title="Magistrate">Magistrate</a> with two mayors, supported by an additional council of "Community Commissioners": the <i>Gemeindebevollmächtige</i>. </p><p>As of 1907, the Mayor was entitled <a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Mayor">Oberbürgermeister</a>, as Augsburg had reached a population of 100,000, as per the Bavarian <a href="/wiki/Gemeindeordnung" title="Gemeindeordnung">Gemeindeordnung</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mayor">Mayor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Mayor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The mayor of Augsburg has been Eva Weber of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Union_in_Bavaria" title="Christian Social Union in Bavaria">Christian Social Union</a> (CSU) since 2020. The most recent mayoral election was held on 15 March 2020, with a runoff held on 29 March, and the results were as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size: 95%;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2">Candidate </th> <th rowspan="2">Party </th> <th colspan="2">First round </th> <th colspan="2">Second round </th></tr> <tr> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#008AC5"> </td> <td align="left">Eva Weber </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Union_in_Bavaria" title="Christian Social Union in Bavaria">Christian Social Union</a> </td> <td>41,534 </td> <td>43.1 </td> <td>63,762 </td> <td>62.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#E3000F"> </td> <td align="left">Dirk Wurm </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democratic Party</a> </td> <td>18,116 </td> <td>18.8 </td> <td>38,532 </td> <td>37.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#409A3C"> </td> <td align="left">Martina Wild </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Alliance 90/The Greens</a> </td> <td>17,851 </td> <td>18.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#00A2DE"> </td> <td align="left">Andreas Jurca </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">Alternative for Germany</a> </td> <td>4,673 </td> <td>4.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F7A800"> </td> <td align="left">Peter Hummel </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Free_Voters_of_Bavaria" title="Free Voters of Bavaria">Free Voters of Bavaria</a> </td> <td>3,053 </td> <td>3.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#BE3075"> </td> <td align="left">Frederik Hintermayr </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany)">The Left</a> </td> <td>2,564 </td> <td>2.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B5152B"> </td> <td align="left">Lisa McQueen </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Die_PARTEI" title="Die PARTEI">Die PARTEI</a> </td> <td>1,896 </td> <td>2.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">Bruno Marcon </td> <td align="left">Augsburg in the Citizens' Hands </td> <td>1,478 </td> <td>1.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">Anna Tabak </td> <td align="left">We are Augsburg </td> <td>1,261 </td> <td>1.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFED00"> </td> <td align="left">Lars Vollmar </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">Free Democratic Party</a> </td> <td>1,249 </td> <td>1.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FF6400"> </td> <td align="left">Christian Pettinger </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ecological_Democratic_Party" title="Ecological Democratic Party">Ecological Democratic Party</a> </td> <td>1,183 </td> <td>1.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">Claudia Eberle </td> <td align="left">Pro Augsburg </td> <td>941 </td> <td>1.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#99cc33"> </td> <td align="left">Florian Betz </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/V-Partei%C2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="V-Partei³">V-Partei³</a> </td> <td>678 </td> <td>0.7 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Valid votes </th> <th>96,477 </th> <th>99.4 </th> <th>102,294 </th> <th>99.4 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Invalid votes </th> <th>578 </th> <th>0.6 </th> <th>661 </th> <th>0.6 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Total </th> <th>97,055 </th> <th>100.0 </th> <th>102,955 </th> <th>100.0 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Electorate/voter turnout </th> <th>214,110 </th> <th>45.3 </th> <th>213,982 </th> <th>48.1 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7">Source: City of Augsburg (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.augsburg.de/fileadmin/user_upload/verwaltungswegweiser/buergeramt/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/2020/ob/index.html">first round</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.augsburg.de/fileadmin/user_upload/verwaltungswegweiser/buergeramt/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/2020/ob-stichwahl/index.html">second round</a>) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_council">City council</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: City council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2020_Augsburg_City_Council_election.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/2020_Augsburg_City_Council_election.svg/250px-2020_Augsburg_City_Council_election.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="387" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/2020_Augsburg_City_Council_election.svg/375px-2020_Augsburg_City_Council_election.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/2020_Augsburg_City_Council_election.svg/500px-2020_Augsburg_City_Council_election.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="402" /></a><figcaption>Results of the 2020 city council election</figcaption></figure> <p>The Augsburg city council governs the city alongside the Mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 15 March 2020, and the results were as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size: 95%;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>+/- </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/- </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#008AC5"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Union_in_Bavaria" title="Christian Social Union in Bavaria">Christian Social Union</a> (CSU) </td> <td>1,653,781 </td> <td>32.3 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5.4 </td> <td>20 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#409A3C"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Alliance 90/The Greens</a> (Grüne) </td> <td>1,198,090 </td> <td>23.4 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 11.0 </td> <td>14 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 7 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#E3000F"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democratic Party</a> (SPD) </td> <td>734,066 </td> <td>14.3 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8.1 </td> <td>9 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#00A2DE"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">Alternative for Germany</a> (AfD) </td> <td>337,834 </td> <td>6.6 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.7 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>±0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#007E82"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Free_Voters_of_Bavaria" title="Free Voters of Bavaria">Free Voters of Bavaria</a> (FW) </td> <td>230,952 </td> <td>4.5 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.9 </td> <td>3 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#BE3075"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany)">The Left</a> (Die Linke) </td> <td>189,034 </td> <td>3.7 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.5 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>±0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFED00"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">Free Democratic Party</a> (FDP) </td> <td>117,201 </td> <td>2.3 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.7 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>±0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FF6400"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ecological_Democratic_Party" title="Ecological Democratic Party">Ecological Democratic Party</a> (ÖDP) </td> <td>114,119 </td> <td>2.2 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.3 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>±0 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">Generation AUX (GenAUX) </td> <td>108,956 </td> <td>2.1 </td> <td>New </td> <td>1 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">Augsburg in the Citizens' Hands (AiB) </td> <td>96,690 </td> <td>1.9 </td> <td>New </td> <td>1 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">Pro Augsburg (PRO A) </td> <td>94,346 </td> <td>1.8 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3.3 </td> <td>1 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">We are Augsburg (WSA) </td> <td>77,189 </td> <td>1.5 </td> <td>New </td> <td>1 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B5152B"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Die_PARTEI" title="Die PARTEI">Die PARTEI</a> </td> <td>76,557 </td> <td>1.5 </td> <td>New </td> <td>1 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#99cc33"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/V-Partei%C2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="V-Partei³">V-Partei³</a> </td> <td>69,643 </td> <td>1.4 </td> <td>New </td> <td>1 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" bgcolor="lightgrey"> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">Political Voters' Association/<a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_Motion" title="Democracy in Motion">Democracy in Motion</a> (Polit-WG/DiB) </td> <td>29,149 </td> <td>0.6 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.5 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Total </th> <th>5,127,607 </th> <th>100.0 </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Invalid votes </th> <th>2,079 </th> <th>2.1 </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Total </th> <th>97,013 </th> <th>100.0 </th> <th> </th> <th>60 </th> <th>±0 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Electorate/voter turnout </th> <th>214,110 </th> <th>45.3 </th> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4.1 </th> <th> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.augsburg.de/fileadmin/user_upload/verwaltungswegweiser/buergeramt/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/2020/sr/index.html">City of Augsburg</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Members_of_the_Bundestag">Members of the Bundestag</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Members of the Bundestag"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Augsburg is located in the <i>Wahlkreis 251 <a href="/wiki/Augsburg-Stadt_(electoral_district)" title="Augsburg-Stadt (electoral district)">Augsburg-Stadt</a></i> constituency. Until the 2021 elections the <i>Wahlkreis</i> of Augsburg included <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsbrunn" title="Königsbrunn">Königsbrunn</a> and parts of the District of Augsburg (<a href="/wiki/Augsburg_(district)" title="Augsburg (district)">Landkreis Augsburg</a>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Volker_Ullrich_(politician)" title="Volker Ullrich (politician)">Volker Ullrich</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Christlich-Soziale_Union_in_Bayern" class="mw-redirect" title="Christlich-Soziale Union in Bayern">CSU</a> was <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_German_Bundestag" title="Member of the German Bundestag">directly elected</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bundestagswahl_2013" class="mw-redirect" title="Bundestagswahl 2013">18th German Bundestag</a>. </p><p>Indirectly elected to the Bundestag to adhere to the <a href="/wiki/Party-list_proportional_representation" title="Party-list proportional representation">Landesliste</a> were <a href="/wiki/Ulrike_Bahr" title="Ulrike Bahr">Ulrike Bahr</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Sozialdemokratische_Partei_Deutschlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands">SPD</a> and <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Roth" title="Claudia Roth">Claudia Roth</a> for <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCndnis_90/Die_Gr%C3%BCnen" class="mw-redirect" title="Bündnis 90/Die Grünen">Bündnis 90/Die Grünen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Augsburg has an <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>: <i>Cfb</i>) or, following the 0 °C isotherm, a <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</a> (<i>Dfb</i>). </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Augsburg (1991–2020 normals) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0<br />(37.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8<br />(40.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5<br />(49.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8<br />(65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2<br />(72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.1<br />(75.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1<br />(44.8) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7<br />(38.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.1<br />(31.8) </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7<br />(33.3) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4<br />(39.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8<br />(47.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2<br />(55.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3<br />(64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4<br />(56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9<br />(48.0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8<br />(33.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">8.9<br />(48.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.2<br />(26.2) </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.2<br />(26.2) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.3<br />(31.5) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8<br />(37.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2<br />(54.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9<br />(53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0<br />(46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6<br />(40.3) </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7<br />(33.3) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.2<br />(28.0) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">4.1<br />(39.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #BBFFBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.1<br />(1.78) </td> <td style="background: #C7FFC7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.1<br />(1.34) </td> <td style="background: #B8FFB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.3<br />(1.86) </td> <td style="background: #B8FFB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.8<br />(1.80) </td> <td style="background: #80FF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.8<br />(3.34) </td> <td style="background: #71FF71; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92.0<br />(3.62) </td> <td style="background: #72FF72; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94.3<br />(3.71) </td> <td style="background: #76FF76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.8<br />(3.61) </td> <td style="background: #9FFF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.9<br />(2.44) </td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.9<br />(2.08) </td> <td style="background: #B1FFB1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.2<br />(1.98) </td> <td style="background: #B4FFB4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.7<br />(1.96) </td> <td style="background: #A0FFA0; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">749.4<br />(29.50) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #4747FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.9 </td> <td style="background: #3E3EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.2 </td> <td style="background: #4848FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.8 </td> <td style="background: #6060FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.4 </td> <td style="background: #4949FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.7 </td> <td style="background: #3333FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.0 </td> <td style="background: #4040FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.4 </td> <td style="background: #4F4FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.2 </td> <td style="background: #5656FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.2 </td> <td style="background: #4E4EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.3 </td> <td style="background: #4747FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.4 </td> <td style="background: #2F2FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.8 </td> <td style="background: #4747FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">175.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 cm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #7979FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8 </td> <td style="background: #7676FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7 </td> <td style="background: #A3A3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4 </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">38.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000B4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000C2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000E8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000E7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000E3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000E5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000C7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000B6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000A8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">89.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000AC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">88.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000CC; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">79.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #707070; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">61.8 </td> <td style="background: #ABAB9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.1 </td> <td style="background: #BEBE2D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">138.3 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">186.4 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">211.9 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">228.0 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">243.8 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">230.2 </td> <td style="background: #CCCC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">162.8 </td> <td style="background: #B0B084; color:#000000;" class="notheme">106.6 </td> <td style="background: #696969; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">55.9 </td> <td style="background: #626262; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">54.1 </td> <td style="background: #C4C40D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,768.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a><sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_historic_sights">Main historic sights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Main historic sights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Augsburg_-_Markt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Augsburg_-_Markt.jpg/220px-Augsburg_-_Markt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Augsburg_-_Markt.jpg/330px-Augsburg_-_Markt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Augsburg_-_Markt.jpg/440px-Augsburg_-_Markt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4370" data-file-height="2657" /></a><figcaption>Augsburg Town Hall and Perlachturm (left)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Herrengasse,_Fuggerei,_Augsburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Herrengasse%2C_Fuggerei%2C_Augsburg.jpg/220px-Herrengasse%2C_Fuggerei%2C_Augsburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Herrengasse%2C_Fuggerei%2C_Augsburg.jpg/330px-Herrengasse%2C_Fuggerei%2C_Augsburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Herrengasse%2C_Fuggerei%2C_Augsburg.jpg/440px-Herrengasse%2C_Fuggerei%2C_Augsburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2182" data-file-height="1658" /></a><figcaption>The Fuggerei</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Augsburg_Fuggerhaeuser_Stadtpalast.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Augsburg_Fuggerhaeuser_Stadtpalast.jpg/220px-Augsburg_Fuggerhaeuser_Stadtpalast.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Augsburg_Fuggerhaeuser_Stadtpalast.jpg/330px-Augsburg_Fuggerhaeuser_Stadtpalast.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Augsburg_Fuggerhaeuser_Stadtpalast.jpg/440px-Augsburg_Fuggerhaeuser_Stadtpalast.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Fugger's City Palace</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Erzengel-Michael-Augsburg-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Erzengel-Michael-Augsburg-1.jpg/220px-Erzengel-Michael-Augsburg-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Erzengel-Michael-Augsburg-1.jpg/330px-Erzengel-Michael-Augsburg-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Erzengel-Michael-Augsburg-1.jpg/440px-Erzengel-Michael-Augsburg-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="948" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption>Statue of <a href="/wiki/Archangel_Michael" class="mw-redirect" title="Archangel Michael">Archangel Michael</a> in Augsburg</figcaption></figure> <p><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Town_Hall" title="Augsburg Town Hall">Town Hall</a>, built in 1620 in the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> style with the <a href="/wiki/Goldener_Saal" title="Goldener Saal">Goldener Saal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perlachturm" title="Perlachturm">Perlachturm</a>, a bell tower built in 989</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuggerei" title="Fuggerei">Fuggerei</a>, the oldest social housing estate in the world, inhabited since 1523</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuggerh%C3%A4user" title="Fuggerhäuser">Fuggerhäuser</a> (Fugger houses), restored renaissance palatial homes of the Fugger banking family</li> <li>Bishop's Residence, built about 1750 in order to replace the older bishop's palace; today the administrative seat of <a href="/wiki/Swabia" title="Swabia">Swabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Augsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of Augsburg">Cathedral</a>, founded in the ninth century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Anne%27s_Church,_Augsburg" title="St. Anne's Church, Augsburg">St Anne's Church</a>, medieval church building that was originally part of a monastery built in 1321</li> <li>St Mary's <a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syriac Orthodox Church</a> on the Zusamstraße in Lechhausen, built 1998 by (<a href="/wiki/Assyrian_people" title="Assyrian people">Assyrians</a>)</li> <li>Augsburg Synagogue, one of the few German synagogues to survive the war, now restored and open with a Jewish museum inside</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg_textile_and_industry_museum" title="Augsburg textile and industry museum">Augsburg textile and industry museum</a> (stylized as "tim" for short) organises its displays under headings Mensch-Maschine-Muster-Mode.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaezlerpalais" title="Schaezlerpalais">Schaezlerpalais</a>, a Rococo mansion (1765) now housing a major art museum</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Ulrich%27s_and_St_Afra%27s_Abbey,_Augsburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St Ulrich's and St Afra's Abbey, Augsburg (page does not exist)">St Ulrich and St Afra</a> – one of the two churches standing next to each other is Roman Catholic, the other is <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Church in Germany">Lutheran</a>, the duality being a result of the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Augsburg" title="Peace of Augsburg">Peace of Augsburg</a> concluded in 1555 between Catholics and Protestants</li> <li>Mozart Haus Augsburg (where the composer's father <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Mozart" title="Leopold Mozart">Leopold Mozart</a> was born and <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Mozart</a> visited several times)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augsburger_Puppenkiste" title="Augsburger Puppenkiste">Augsburger Puppenkiste</a>, a puppet theatre</li> <li>Luther Stiege, museum located in a church that showing Martin Luther's life and various rooms. (free admission)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eiskanal" class="mw-redirect" title="Eiskanal">Eiskanal</a>, the world's first artificial <a href="/wiki/Whitewater" title="Whitewater">whitewater</a> course (venue for the whitewater events of the 1972 Munich Olympics)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorint_Hotel_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorint Hotel Tower">Dorint Hotel Tower</a></li> <li>Childhood home of <a href="/wiki/Bertolt_Brecht" title="Bertolt Brecht">Bertolt Brecht</a></li> <li>The Augsburg <a href="/wiki/Botanical_Garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Botanical Garden">Botanical Gardens</a> (<a href="/wiki/Botanischer_Garten_Augsburg" title="Botanischer Garten Augsburg">Botanischer Garten Augsburg</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximillian_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Maximillian Museum">Maximillian Museum</a>, decorative arts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahnpark_Augsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahnpark Augsburg">Bahnpark Augsburg</a> home of 29 historic locomotives, blacksmith, historic roundhouse</li> <li>3 magnificent renaissance fountains, the Augustus Fountain, Mercury Fountain and Hercules Fountain from the 15th century, built for the 1500th anniversary of the foundation of the city</li> <li>Walter Art Museum at the <i>Glas Palast</i> ("Glas-Palace")</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roman_Museum_(Augsburg)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roman Museum (Augsburg) (page does not exist)">Roman Museum</a> in the former Monastery of St Magdalena. In December 2012 the church was closed owing to the risk of collapse. In 2015 an exhibition opened in the Zeughaus, which will replace the museum for an indefinite period. Renovation work is ongoing and the Church will remain closed until further notice.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Medieval canals, used to run numerous industries, medieval arms production, silver art, sanitation and water pumping</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulturhaus_Abraxas" title="Kulturhaus Abraxas">Kulturhaus Abraxas</a></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fuenfgratturm1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Fünfgratturm tower"><img alt="Fünfgratturm tower" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Fuenfgratturm1.JPG/71px-Fuenfgratturm1.JPG" decoding="async" width="71" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Fuenfgratturm1.JPG/106px-Fuenfgratturm1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Fuenfgratturm1.JPG/142px-Fuenfgratturm1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1446" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Fünfgratturm</i> tower</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Germany_Augsburg_Dom-St-Maria_Door_Handle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ring of Mercy on the Dom (Cathedral) St Maria"><img alt="Ring of Mercy on the Dom (Cathedral) St Maria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Germany_Augsburg_Dom-St-Maria_Door_Handle.jpg/91px-Germany_Augsburg_Dom-St-Maria_Door_Handle.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Germany_Augsburg_Dom-St-Maria_Door_Handle.jpg/136px-Germany_Augsburg_Dom-St-Maria_Door_Handle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Germany_Augsburg_Dom-St-Maria_Door_Handle.jpg/181px-Germany_Augsburg_Dom-St-Maria_Door_Handle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1588" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ring of Mercy on the Dom (Cathedral) St Maria</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Augsburg_Synagoge.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Augsburg Synagogue"><img alt="Augsburg Synagogue" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Augsburg_Synagoge.jpg/90px-Augsburg_Synagoge.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Augsburg_Synagoge.jpg/135px-Augsburg_Synagoge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Augsburg_Synagoge.jpg/180px-Augsburg_Synagoge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1040" data-file-height="1386" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Augsburg Synagogue</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Augsburg_-_st_ulrich_u_afra.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="St. Ulrich and St. Afra Cathedral"><img alt="St. Ulrich and St. Afra Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Augsburg_-_st_ulrich_u_afra.jpg/120px-Augsburg_-_st_ulrich_u_afra.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Augsburg_-_st_ulrich_u_afra.jpg/180px-Augsburg_-_st_ulrich_u_afra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Augsburg_-_st_ulrich_u_afra.jpg/240px-Augsburg_-_st_ulrich_u_afra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="851" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">St. Ulrich and St. Afra Cathedral</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rechtfertigungslehre_St.-Anna_Augsburg_rectified.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Plaque commemorating the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification at St. Anne's Church"><img alt="Plaque commemorating the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification at St. Anne's Church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Rechtfertigungslehre_St.-Anna_Augsburg_rectified.jpg/107px-Rechtfertigungslehre_St.-Anna_Augsburg_rectified.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Rechtfertigungslehre_St.-Anna_Augsburg_rectified.jpg/161px-Rechtfertigungslehre_St.-Anna_Augsburg_rectified.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Rechtfertigungslehre_St.-Anna_Augsburg_rectified.jpg/215px-Rechtfertigungslehre_St.-Anna_Augsburg_rectified.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1787" data-file-height="1995" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Plaque commemorating the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Declaration_on_the_Doctrine_of_Justification" title="Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification">Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification</a> at <a href="/wiki/St._Anne%27s_Church,_Augsburg" title="St. Anne's Church, Augsburg">St. Anne's Church</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Water_Management_System">Water Management System</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Water Management System"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kraftwerk_Meitingen01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Kraftwerk_Meitingen01.JPG/220px-Kraftwerk_Meitingen01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Kraftwerk_Meitingen01.JPG/330px-Kraftwerk_Meitingen01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Kraftwerk_Meitingen01.JPG/440px-Kraftwerk_Meitingen01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3672" /></a><figcaption>Water Management System in <a href="/wiki/Meitingen" title="Meitingen">Meitingen</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The water systems of Augsburg have been the site of innovations in hydraulic engineering for centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Augsburg was built on top of an aquifer fed by the Lech and Wertach rivers, which provided purified groundwater that ran through the city through springs and streams.<sup id="cite_ref-icomos_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icomos-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The canals were first mentioned in 1276, and by 1416 waterworks, pumps and water towers were added to distribute this water effectively.<sup id="cite_ref-icomos_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icomos-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1545 Augsburg was one of the first European towns to separate drinking water from water used for industry, effectively preventing water-borne diseases.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pumps and waterwheels also generated power for fountains and food processing, such as a 17th-century butcher's hall that still stands today.<sup id="cite_ref-icomos_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icomos-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 19th and 20th centuries hydroelectic power plants were also installed. These power plants were some of the first in the world to generate electricity from water and they are still in use today.<sup id="cite_ref-icomos_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icomos-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 6 July 2019 the Water Management System of Augsburg was designated as a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Incorporations">Incorporations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Incorporations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background:#efefef;"> <th>Year</th> <th>Municipality</th> <th>Area </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 July 1910</td> <td>Meringerau</td> <td style="text-align:right;">9.5 km<sup>2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 January 1911</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pfersee" title="Pfersee">Pfersee</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.5 km<sup>2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 January 1911</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Augsburg-Oberhausen" title="Augsburg-Oberhausen">Oberhausen</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">8.6 km<sup>2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 January 1913</td> <td>Lechhausen</td> <td style="text-align:right;">27.9 km<sup>2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 January 1913</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hochzoll" class="mw-redirect" title="Hochzoll">Hochzoll</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.4 km<sup>2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 April 1916</td> <td>Kriegshaber</td> <td style="text-align:right;">59 km<sup>2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 July 1972</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Augsburg-G%C3%B6ggingen" title="Augsburg-Göggingen">Göggingen</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 July 1972</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haunstetten" class="mw-redirect" title="Haunstetten">Haunstetten</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 July 1972</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inningen" class="mw-redirect" title="Inningen">Inningen</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1635</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">16,432</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1645</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">19,960</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+21.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1806</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">26,200</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+31.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1830</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">29,019</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+10.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1871</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">51,220</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+76.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1890</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">75,629</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+47.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1900</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">89,109</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+17.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1910</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">102,487</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+15.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1916</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">146,226</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+42.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1925</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">165,522</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+13.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1933</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">176,575</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1939</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">185,369</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1945</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">146,416</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−21.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1950</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">185,183</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+26.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">208,659</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+12.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1970</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">211,566</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1975</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">252,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+19.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1980</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">246,600</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1985</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">244,200</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1990</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">256,877</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+5.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">257,836</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">267,767</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2022</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">294,647</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+10.0%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Augsburg has a population of about 300,000. It is the third largest city in <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a> and the largest city in the <a href="/wiki/Swabia_(Bavaria)" title="Swabia (Bavaria)">Swabia</a> region. In the 16th century, Augsburg was one of the largest cities in <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, with a population of about 30,000. This put it on a level with cities like <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>. Augsburg passed 100,000 residents in 1909 and the population has grown steadily since then. In 2015, the Diocese of Augsburg had 1,325,316 Catholics, which was 57.2% of the total population. Bavaria is the largest Catholic religious group in Germany, with Catholics making up 57% of the population. </p> <table class="infobox"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2"><b>Largest groups of foreign residents</b><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Nationality</th> <th>Population (31 December 2022) </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td>11,701 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></td> <td>7,242 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></td> <td>5,382 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td>4,280 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></td> <td>4,123 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td> <td>2,581 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></td> <td>2,332 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></td> <td>2,249 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></td> <td>2,169 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></td> <td>2,107 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></td> <td>1,823 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></td> <td>1,650 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Germany" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany">List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany</a></div> <p>Augsburg is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Amagasaki" title="Amagasaki">Amagasaki</a>, Japan (1959)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bourges" title="Bourges">Bourges</a>, France (1963)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">Dayton</a>, United States (1964)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness">Inverness</a>, Scotland, UK (1956)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a>, China (2004)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberec" title="Liberec">Liberec</a>, Czech Republic (2001)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nagahama,_Shiga" title="Nagahama, Shiga">Nagahama</a>, Japan (1959)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads">Roads</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Roads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main road link is <a href="/wiki/Autobahn" title="Autobahn">autobahn</a> <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_8" title="Bundesautobahn 8">A 8</a> between <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Public_transport">Public transport</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Public transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Public transport is very well catered for. It is controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Augsburger_Verkehrs-_und_Tarifverbund" title="Augsburger Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund">Augsburger Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund</a> (Augsburg transport and tariff association, AVV) extended over central Swabia. There are seven rail <a href="/wiki/Regionalbahn" title="Regionalbahn">Regionalbahn</a> lines, five <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">tram</a> lines, 27 city bus lines and six night bus lines, as well as several taxi companies. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Augsburg" title="Trams in Augsburg">Augsburg tramway network</a> is now 35.5 km-long after the opening of new lines to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Augsburg" title="University of Augsburg">university</a> in 1996, the northern city boundary in 2001 and to the Klinikum Augsburg (Augsburg hospital) in 2002. Tram line 6, which runs 5.2 km from Friedberg West to Hauptbahnhof (Central Station), opened in December 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2021, tram line 3 was extended southward to the neighboring city of <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsbrunn" title="Königsbrunn">Königsbrunn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Intercity_bus">Intercity bus</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Intercity bus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is one station for <a href="/wiki/Intercity_bus_service" title="Intercity bus service">intercity bus services</a> in Augsburg: Augsburg Nord, located in the north of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railway">Railway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Railway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bahnhofsgeb%C3%A4ude_Augsburg.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Bahnhofsgeb%C3%A4ude_Augsburg.JPG/220px-Bahnhofsgeb%C3%A4ude_Augsburg.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Bahnhofsgeb%C3%A4ude_Augsburg.JPG/330px-Bahnhofsgeb%C3%A4ude_Augsburg.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Bahnhofsgeb%C3%A4ude_Augsburg.JPG/440px-Bahnhofsgeb%C3%A4ude_Augsburg.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1060" /></a><figcaption>The front of the station</figcaption></figure> <p>Augsburg has seven stations, the <a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Central_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Augsburg Central Station">Central Station</a> (<i>Hauptbahnhof</i>), <a href="/wiki/Augsburg-Hochzoll_station" title="Augsburg-Hochzoll station">Hochzoll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Augsburg-Oberhausen_station" title="Augsburg-Oberhausen station">Oberhausen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Haunstetterstra%C3%9Fe_station" title="Augsburg Haunstetterstraße station">Haunstetterstraße</a>, <a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Morellstra%C3%9Fe_station" title="Augsburg Morellstraße station">Morellstraße</a>, <a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Messe_station" title="Augsburg Messe station">Messe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Augsburg-Inningen" title="Augsburg-Inningen">Inningen</a>. The Central Station, built from 1843 to 1846, is Germany's oldest main station in a large city still providing services in the original building. It is currently being modernised and an underground tram station is built underneath it. <a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Hauptbahnhof" title="Augsburg Hauptbahnhof">Hauptbahnhof</a> is on the <a href="/wiki/Munich%E2%80%93Augsburg_railway" title="Munich–Augsburg railway">Munich–Augsburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ulm%E2%80%93Augsburg_railway" title="Ulm–Augsburg railway">Ulm–Augsburg lines</a> and is connected by <a href="/wiki/InterCityExpress" class="mw-redirect" title="InterCityExpress">ICE</a> and <a href="/wiki/InterCity" title="InterCity">IC</a> services to <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>. As of December 2007, the French <a href="/wiki/TGV" title="TGV">TGV</a> connected Augsburg with a direct High Speed Connection to <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>. In addition <a href="/wiki/EuroCity" title="EuroCity">EC</a> and night train services connect to <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> and connections will be substantially improved by the creation of the planned <a href="/wiki/Magistrale_for_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Magistrale for Europe">Magistrale for Europe</a>. </p><p>The AVV operates seven <a href="/wiki/Regionalbahn" title="Regionalbahn">Regionalbahn</a> lines from the main station to: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mammendorf" title="Mammendorf">Mammendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schmiechen" title="Schmiechen">Schmiechen</a> (direction to <a href="/wiki/Ammersee" title="Ammersee">Ammersee</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichach" title="Aichach">Aichach</a>/<a href="/wiki/K%C3%BChbach" title="Kühbach">Radersdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitingen" title="Meitingen">Meitingen</a>/<a href="/wiki/Donauw%C3%B6rth" title="Donauwörth">Donauwörth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinkelscherben" title="Dinkelscherben">Dinkelscherben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwabm%C3%BCnchen" title="Schwabmünchen">Schwabmünchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klosterlechfeld" title="Klosterlechfeld">Klosterlechfeld</a></li></ul> <p>Starting in 2008, the regional services are planned to be altered to <a href="/wiki/S-Bahn" title="S-Bahn">S-Bahn</a> frequencies and developed long term as integrated into the Augsburg S-Bahn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_transport">Air transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Air transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Until 2005 Augsburg was served by nearby <a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Airport" title="Augsburg Airport">Augsburg Airport</a> (AGB). In that year all air passenger transport was relocated to <a href="/wiki/Munich_Airport" title="Munich Airport">Munich Airport</a>. Since then, the airport is used almost entirely by business airplanes.<sup id="cite_ref-flughafen-augsburg_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flughafen-augsburg-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_Leipzig_MEDIA_050719_Download_Karosseriebau_max.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/BMW_Leipzig_MEDIA_050719_Download_Karosseriebau_max.jpg/250px-BMW_Leipzig_MEDIA_050719_Download_Karosseriebau_max.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/BMW_Leipzig_MEDIA_050719_Download_Karosseriebau_max.jpg/375px-BMW_Leipzig_MEDIA_050719_Download_Karosseriebau_max.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/BMW_Leipzig_MEDIA_050719_Download_Karosseriebau_max.jpg/500px-BMW_Leipzig_MEDIA_050719_Download_Karosseriebau_max.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1840" data-file-height="1228" /></a><figcaption>KUKA spot welding in the automotive industry</figcaption></figure> <p>Augsburg is a vibrant industrial city. Many global market leaders namely <a href="/wiki/MAN_SE" title="MAN SE">MAN</a>, <a href="/wiki/EADS" class="mw-redirect" title="EADS">EADS</a> or <a href="/wiki/KUKA" title="KUKA">KUKA</a> produce high technology products like printing systems, large diesel engines, <a href="/wiki/Industrial_robots" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial robots">industrial robots</a> or components for the <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A380" title="Airbus A380">Airbus A380</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ariane_(rocket_family)" title="Ariane (rocket family)">Ariane</a> carrier rocket. After <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, Augsburg is considered the high-tech centre for <a href="/wiki/Information_and_communications_technology" title="Information and communications technology">information and communications technology</a> in Bavaria and takes advantage of its lower <a href="/wiki/Operating_cost" title="Operating cost">operating costs</a>, yet close proximity to Munich and potential customers. In 2018 the Bavarian State Government recognised this fact.<sup id="cite_ref-metropole_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metropole-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_companies">Major companies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Major companies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Boewe Systec<sup id="cite_ref-boewe-systec_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boewe-systec-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faurecia" class="mw-redirect" title="Faurecia">Faurecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujitsu_Technology_Solutions" title="Fujitsu Technology Solutions">Fujitsu Technology Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KUKA" title="KUKA">KUKA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAN_SE" title="MAN SE">MAN SE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAN_Roland" class="mw-redirect" title="MAN Roland">MAN Roland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MT_Aerospace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MT Aerospace (page does not exist)">MT Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCR_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="NCR Corporation">NCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osram" title="Osram">Osram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premium_AEROTEC" title="Premium AEROTEC">Premium AEROTEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renk" title="Renk">Renk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPM-Kymmene" class="mw-redirect" title="UPM-Kymmene">UPM-Kymmene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WashTec&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WashTec (page does not exist)">WashTec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synlab_Group" title="Synlab Group">Synlab Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancom" class="mw-redirect" title="Cancom">Cancom</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Check24&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Check24 (page does not exist)">Check24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrizia_Immobilien" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrizia Immobilien">Patrizia Immobilien</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Augsburg is home to the following universities and colleges: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Augsburg" title="University of Augsburg">University of Augsburg</a>, founded in 1970<sup id="cite_ref-uni-augsburg_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uni-augsburg-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Applied_Sciences_Augsburg" title="Technical University of Applied Sciences Augsburg">Technische Hochschule Augsburg</a> (University of Applied Sciences, formerly Fachhochschule Augsburg)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The local newspaper is the <i><a href="/wiki/Augsburger_Allgemeine" title="Augsburger Allgemeine">Augsburger Allgemeine</a></i> first published in 1807.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heilige_Afra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Heilige_Afra.jpg/140px-Heilige_Afra.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Heilige_Afra.jpg/210px-Heilige_Afra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Heilige_Afra.jpg/280px-Heilige_Afra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="872" data-file-height="1380" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Saint_Afra" title="Saint Afra">Saint Afra</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Holbeinhaus_Augsburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Holbeinhaus_Augsburg.jpg/220px-Holbeinhaus_Augsburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Holbeinhaus_Augsburg.jpg/330px-Holbeinhaus_Augsburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Holbeinhaus_Augsburg.jpg/440px-Holbeinhaus_Augsburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Holbein's house</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guilehelmus_Xylander_1669.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Guilehelmus_Xylander_1669.jpg/140px-Guilehelmus_Xylander_1669.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Guilehelmus_Xylander_1669.jpg/210px-Guilehelmus_Xylander_1669.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Guilehelmus_Xylander_1669.jpg/280px-Guilehelmus_Xylander_1669.jpg 2x" data-file-width="439" data-file-height="552" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Xylander" title="Wilhelm Xylander">Guilehelmus Xylander</a>, 1669</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rudolf_Diesel2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Rudolf_Diesel2.jpg/140px-Rudolf_Diesel2.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Rudolf_Diesel2.jpg/210px-Rudolf_Diesel2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Rudolf_Diesel2.jpg/280px-Rudolf_Diesel2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="538" data-file-height="717" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Diesel" title="Rudolf Diesel">Rudolf Diesel</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1900</span></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bertolt-Brecht.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Bertolt-Brecht.jpg/140px-Bertolt-Brecht.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Bertolt-Brecht.jpg/210px-Bertolt-Brecht.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Bertolt-Brecht.jpg/280px-Bertolt-Brecht.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="875" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bertolt_Brecht" title="Bertolt Brecht">Bertolt Brecht</a>, 1954</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Afra" title="Saint Afra">Saint Afra</a>, (died 304), patron Saint of Augsburg, martyr</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simpert" title="Simpert">Simpert</a>, (died 807), abbot, bishop and confessor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulrich_of_Augsburg" title="Ulrich of Augsburg">Saint Ulrich</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 890</span>–973), Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gualfardo_of_Verona" title="Gualfardo of Verona">Saint Wolfhard</a> (1070–1127), Swabian artisan, trader and hermit</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Fugger_the_Elder" title="Jakob Fugger the Elder">Jakob Fugger the Elder</a> (1398–1469), master weaver, town councillor and merchant<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erhard_Ratdolt" title="Erhard Ratdolt">Erhard Ratdolt</a> (1442–1528), Printer, famous for having produced the first known printers type specimen book</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Fugger" title="Jakob Fugger">Jakob Fugger</a> (1459–1525), Noted banker and financial broker. An area within the city, called the <a href="/wiki/Fuggerei" title="Fuggerei">Fuggerei</a>, was set aside for the poor and needy in 1519.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Holbein_the_Elder" title="Hans Holbein the Elder">Hans Holbein the Elder</a> (1460–1524), pioneer in the transformation of German art from the <a href="/wiki/Gothic_art" title="Gothic art">Gothic</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> style<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Peutinger" title="Konrad Peutinger">Konrad Peutinger</a> (1465–1547), humanist, jurist, diplomat, politician, economist and archaeologist<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Burgkmair" title="Hans Burgkmair">Hans Burgkmair</a> (1473–1531), painter and woodcut printmaker<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspar_Aquila" title="Caspar Aquila">Caspar Aquila</a> (1488–1560), Lutheran theologian and reformer<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Holbein_the_Younger" title="Hans Holbein the Younger">Hans Holbein the Younger</a> (1497–1543), portrait and religious painter<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matth%C3%A4us_Schwarz" title="Matthäus Schwarz">Matthäus Schwarz</a> (1497–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1574</span>), accountant and author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulus_Hector_Mair" title="Paulus Hector Mair">Paulus Hector Mair</a> (1517–1579), martial artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Xylander" title="Wilhelm Xylander">Wilhelm Xylander</a> (1532–1576), classical scholar and humanist<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Holl" title="Elias Holl">Elias Holl</a> (1573–1646), architect</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Hainhofer" title="Philipp Hainhofer">Philipp Hainhofer</a> (1578–1647), merchant, banker, diplomat and art collector</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Schiller" title="Julius Schiller">Julius Schiller</a> (1580–1627), lawyer and astronomer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Georg_Wirsung" title="Johann Georg Wirsung">Johann Georg Wirsung</a> (1589–1643), anatomist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Jakob_Brucker" title="Johann Jakob Brucker">Johann Jakob Brucker</a> (1696–1770), German historian of philosophy<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Christoph_Graf" title="Andreas Christoph Graf">Andreas Christoph Graf</a> (1701–1776), German teacher, author and poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Jakob_Haid" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann Jakob Haid">Johann Jakob Haid</a> (1704–1767), engraver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Mozart" title="Leopold Mozart">Leopold Mozart</a> (1719–1787), violinist-composer, father of <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Christian_Sturm" title="Christoph Christian Sturm">Christoph Christian Sturm</a> (1740–1786), preacher and author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Bayer" title="Eduard Bayer">Eduard Bayer</a> (1822–1908), composer and classical guitarist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Sch%C3%BCrer" title="Emil Schürer">Emil Schürer</a> (1844–1910), Protestant theologian. He studied the history of the Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Most" title="Johann Most">Johann Most</a> (1846–1906), Social Democratic and then anarchist politician, newspaper editor and orator<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Diesel" title="Rudolf Diesel">Rudolf Diesel</a> (1858–1913), inventor of the diesel engine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Rehm" title="Albert Rehm">Albert Rehm</a> (1871–1949), philologist who first understood the significance of the <a href="/wiki/Antikythera_mechanism" title="Antikythera mechanism">Antikythera mechanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin" title="Hans von Euler-Chelpin">Hans von Euler-Chelpin</a> (1873–1964), co-recipient of 1929 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Haberstock" title="Karl Haberstock">Karl Haberstock</a> (1878–1956), art dealer to the Nazis</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artur_Lauinger" title="Artur Lauinger">Artur Lauinger</a> (1879–1961), German journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Streicher" title="Julius Streicher">Julius Streicher</a> (1885–1946), prominent Nazi prior to World War II, founder and publisher of anti-Semitic <i><a href="/wiki/Der_St%C3%BCrmer" title="Der Stürmer">Der Stürmer</a></i> newspaper, executed for war crimes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Schaxel" title="Julius Schaxel">Julius Schaxel</a> (1887–1943), biologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Loritz" title="Hans Loritz">Hans Loritz</a> (1895–1946), Nazi SS concentration camp commandant</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertolt_Brecht" title="Bertolt Brecht">Bertolt Brecht</a> (1898–1956), writer and theater director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Schmidhuber" title="August Schmidhuber">August Schmidhuber</a> (1901–1947), Nazi SS officer, executed for war crimes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Gerstenmeier" title="Wilhelm Gerstenmeier">Wilhelm Gerstenmeier</a> (1908–1944), SS concentration camp officer, executed for war crimes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Priller" title="Josef Priller">Josef Priller</a> (1915–1961), <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a> ace</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mietek_Pemper" title="Mietek Pemper">Mietek Pemper</a> (1920–2011), Polish-born Jew. He compiled and typed <a href="/wiki/Oskar_Schindler" title="Oskar Schindler">Oskar Schindler</a>'s list, which saved 1,200 Jewish prisoners from the Holocaust.<sup id="cite_ref-mg_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mg-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Schneider-Siemssen" title="Günther Schneider-Siemssen">Günther Schneider-Siemssen</a> (1926–2015), scenic designer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Henning_Atrott" title="Hans Henning Atrott">Hans Henning Atrott</a> (1944–2018), German author and theorist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Blitzer" title="Wolf Blitzer">Wolf Blitzer</a> (born 1948), American journalist and CNN reporter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_T._McAndrew" title="Francis T. McAndrew">Francis T. McAndrew</a> (born 1953), American Psychologist, Professor, and Author (U.S. military parents)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_K.H._Zupanc" title="Günther K.H. Zupanc">Günther K.H. Zupanc</a> (born 1958), neurobiologist, researcher, university teacher, book author, journal editor and educational reformer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheryl_Lee" title="Sheryl Lee">Sheryl Lee</a> (born 1967), actress, poet and activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Wesselsky" title="Alexander Wesselsky">Alexander Wesselsky</a> (born 1968), lead singer of the German band <a href="/wiki/Eisbrecher" title="Eisbrecher">Eisbrecher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florian_Hecker" title="Florian Hecker">Florian Hecker</a> (born 1975), experimental electronic music composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marisa_Olson" title="Marisa Olson">Marisa Olson</a> (born 1977), artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Greb" title="Benny Greb">Benny Greb</a> (born 1980), solo drum artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Bourani" title="Andreas Bourani">Andreas Bourani</a> (born 1983), singer-songwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bianca_Voitek" title="Bianca Voitek">Bianca Voitek</a> (born 1985), female bodybuilder</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Hornung" title="Maximilian Hornung">Maximilian Hornung</a> (born 1986), cellist</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1969_Juventus_FC_-_Helmut_Haller.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/1969_Juventus_FC_-_Helmut_Haller.jpg/140px-1969_Juventus_FC_-_Helmut_Haller.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/1969_Juventus_FC_-_Helmut_Haller.jpg/210px-1969_Juventus_FC_-_Helmut_Haller.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/1969_Juventus_FC_-_Helmut_Haller.jpg/280px-1969_Juventus_FC_-_Helmut_Haller.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1098" data-file-height="1211" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Haller" title="Helmut Haller">Helmut Haller</a>, 1969</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Haas" title="Werner Haas">Werner Haas</a> (1927–1956), Grand Prix motorcycle road racer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulrich_Biesinger" title="Ulrich Biesinger">Ulrich Biesinger</a> (1933–2011), former German footballer, part of the team that won the <a href="/wiki/1954_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1954 FIFA World Cup">1954 FIFA World Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Haller" title="Helmut Haller">Helmut Haller</a> (1939–2012), <a href="/wiki/Football_player" title="Football player">footballer</a> who represented <a href="/wiki/Germany_national_football_team" title="Germany national football team">West Germany</a> at three <a href="/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup" title="FIFA World Cup">World Cups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Langer" title="Bernhard Langer">Bernhard Langer</a> (born 1957), professional golfer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernd_Schuster" title="Bernd Schuster">Bernd Schuster</a> (born 1959), <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> coach and former player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armin_Veh" title="Armin Veh">Armin Veh</a> (born 1961), <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> coach</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Grau" title="Alexander Grau">Alexander Grau</a> (born 1973), racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Kohlschreiber" title="Philipp Kohlschreiber">Philipp Kohlschreiber</a> (born 1983), former tennis player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Holzer" title="Thomas Holzer">Thomas Holzer</a> (born 1985), racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Bradl" title="Stefan Bradl">Stefan Bradl</a> (born 1989), motorcycle racer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cecotto_Jr." title="Johnny Cecotto Jr.">Johnny Cecotto Jr.</a> (born 1989), racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Sanders" title="Phoenix Sanders">Phoenix Sanders</a> (born 1995), American baseball pitcher in the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Giants" title="San Francisco Giants">San Francisco Giants</a> organisation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nico_Sturm" title="Nico Sturm">Nico Sturm</a> (born 1995), ice hockey player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Zimmermann" title="Georg Zimmermann">Georg Zimmermann</a> (born 1997), professional cyclist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Brenner" title="Marco Brenner">Marco Brenner</a> (born 2002), professional cyclist</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Borussia_dortmund_augsburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Borussia_dortmund_augsburg.jpg/220px-Borussia_dortmund_augsburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Borussia_dortmund_augsburg.jpg/330px-Borussia_dortmund_augsburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Borussia_dortmund_augsburg.jpg/440px-Borussia_dortmund_augsburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>FC Augsburg against <a href="/wiki/Borussia_Dortmund" title="Borussia Dortmund">Borussia Dortmund</a> in the Bundesliga at the <a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Arena" title="Augsburg Arena">SGL arena</a> in November 2012</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/FC_Augsburg" title="FC Augsburg">FC Augsburg</a> is a football team based in Augsburg and plays in the <a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Arena" title="Augsburg Arena">WWK ARENA</a> to the south of the city centre. FC Augsburg secured promotion to <a href="/wiki/Bundesliga" title="Bundesliga">Bundesliga</a> in 2011 and have remained there ever since, qualifying for the <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Europa_League" title="UEFA Europa League">Europa League</a> for the first time in 2015 and securing mid-table finishes across the last few seasons. The club, nicknamed the Fuggerstädter or simply as FCA, reached the last 32 in the <a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_UEFA_Europa_League" title="2015–16 UEFA Europa League">2015–16 Europa League</a> with a 1–0 aggregate defeat to <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>. The WWK ARENA, nicknamed the "Anfield of the B17 Highway" following the Liverpool UEL match, opened in July 2009 and also hosted games of the <a href="/wiki/2011_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup" title="2011 FIFA Women's World Cup">2011 FIFA Women's World Cup</a>. The 30,660 capacity arena is easily accessible from the city centre or the adjacent B17 dual carriageway. </p><p>The city is home to a <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Eishockey_Liga" title="Deutsche Eishockey Liga">DEL</a> (first-division) ice hockey team, the <a href="/wiki/Augsburger_Panther" title="Augsburger Panther">Augsburger Panther</a>. The original club, AEV, was formed in 1878, the oldest German ice sport club and regularly draws around 4,000 spectators, quite reasonable for German ice hockey. Home games are played at the <a href="/wiki/Curt_Frenzel_Stadium" title="Curt Frenzel Stadium">Curt Frenzel Stadion</a>: a recently rebuilt (2012–2013) indoor rink and modern stadium and the club reached the 2018/19 DEL semi finals, eventually losing in the winner-takes-all game 7 to EHC Red Bull München (4–3 series defeat). Consequently, the Panthers qualified for the <a href="/wiki/Champions_Hockey_League" title="Champions Hockey League">Champions Hockey League</a>. Augsburg is also home to one of the most traditional German Baseball clubs, the Augsburg Gators and 2 American Football Clubs, the Raptors and Augsburg Storm, and in nearby <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsbrunn" title="Königsbrunn">Königsbrunn</a> there is the Königsbrunn Ants. </p><p>For the <a href="/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics" title="1972 Summer Olympics">1972 Olympic Games</a> in <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, a protective diversion channel of the <a href="/wiki/Lech_(river)" title="Lech (river)">Lech</a> dam for river ice was transformed into the world's first <a href="/wiki/Artificial_whitewater" title="Artificial whitewater">artificial whitewater</a> slalom course: the <a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Eiskanal" title="Augsburg Eiskanal">Eiskanal</a>, which remains a world-class competition venue and has served as a prototype for two dozen similar courses abroad. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Local_city_nicknames">Local city nicknames</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Local city nicknames"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While commonly called <i>Fuggerstadt</i> (Fuggers' city) due to the <a href="/wiki/Fugger_family" title="Fugger family">Fuggers</a> residing there, within Swabia it is also often referred to as <i>Datschiburg</i>: which originated sometime in the 19th century refers to Augsburg's favorite sweet: the <i>Datschi</i> made from fruit, preferably prunes, and thin cake dough.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Datschiburger Kickers</i> charity football team (founded in 1965) reflects this in its choice of team name.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among younger people, the city is commonly called "Aux" for short. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/32px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/48px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/64px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Germany" title="Portal:Germany">Germany portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/28px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/42px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/56px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg_University" title="Augsburg University">Augsburg University</a>, a private <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> College in Minneapolis, Minnesota (USA) that takes its name from the <a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Confession" title="Augsburg Confession">Augsburg Confession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Augsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="League of Augsburg">League of Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_civic_divisions_of_Augsburg" title="List of civic divisions of Augsburg">List of civic divisions of Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Augsburg" title="List of mayors of Augsburg">List of mayors of Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synods_of_Augsburg" title="Synods of Augsburg">Synods of Augsburg</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/">Liste der Oberbürgermeister in den kreisfreien Städten</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210630025145/https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/">Archived</a> 30 June 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bayerisches_Landesamt_f%C3%BCr_Statistik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik">Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik</a>, accessed 19 July 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statistikdaten.bayern.de/genesis/online?operation=result&code=12411-003r&leerzeilen=false&language=de">Genesis Online-Datenbank des Bayerischen Landesamtes für Statistik Tabelle 12411-003r Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes: Gemeinden, Stichtag</a> (Einwohnerzahlen auf Grundlage des Zensus 2011). </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200311025151/https://www.lexico.com/definition/augsburg">"Augsburg"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/Augsburg">the original</a> on 11 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Augsburg&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2FAugsburg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Augsburg">"Augsburg"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Augsburg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FAugsburg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoristka2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Koristka, Thomas (22 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hallo-augsburg.de/einwohnerzahl-augsburg-neuer-einwohnerrekord-augsburg-reisst-wieder-die-300-000er-marke_OVf">"Neuer Einwohnerrekord: Augsburg reißt (wieder) die 300.000er-Marke"</a>. <i>Hallo Augsburg</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240315175318/https://www.hallo-augsburg.de/einwohnerzahl-augsburg-neuer-einwohnerrekord-augsburg-reisst-wieder-die-300-000er-marke_OVf">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hallo+Augsburg&rft.atitle=Neuer+Einwohnerrekord%3A+Augsburg+rei%C3%9Ft+%28wieder%29+die+300.000er-Marke&rft.date=2023-02-22&rft.aulast=Koristka&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hallo-augsburg.de%2Feinwohnerzahl-augsburg-neuer-einwohnerrekord-augsburg-reisst-wieder-die-300-000er-marke_OVf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.augsburger-allgemeine.de/augsburg/Und-wieder-5000-Menschen-mehr-Augsburg-waechst-und-waechst-id33099802.html">"Und-wieder-5000-Menschen-mehr-Augsburg-waechst-und-waechst"</a>. www.augsburger-allgemeine.de. 17 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150227011917/http://www.augsburger-allgemeine.de/augsburg/Und-wieder-5000-Menschen-mehr-Augsburg-waechst-und-waechst-id33099802.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Und-wieder-5000-Menschen-mehr-Augsburg-waechst-und-waechst&rft.pub=www.augsburger-allgemeine.de&rft.date=2015-02-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.augsburger-allgemeine.de%2Faugsburg%2FUnd-wieder-5000-Menschen-mehr-Augsburg-waechst-und-waechst-id33099802.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBehringer2011350-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBehringer2011350_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBehringer2011">Behringer 2011</a>, p. 350.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rollenhagen, L., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/germanys-fuggerei-the-worlds-oldest-social-housing-project/a-58928076"><i>Germany's Fuggerei is world's oldest social housing project</i></a>, 2024, <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Billock, J., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/after-almost-500-years-german-utopia-is-still-going-strong-180973787/"><i>After Almost 500 Years, the World’s Oldest Social Housing Complex Is Still Going Strong</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_(magazine)" title="Smithsonian (magazine)"><i>Smithsonian Magazine</i></a>, 2024</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unesco-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unesco_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unesco_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1580">"Water Management System of Augsburg"</a>. <i>UNESCO World Heritage Centre</i>. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201006205033/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1580">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=Water+Management+System+of+Augsburg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F1580&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KelceyMüller2011-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KelceyMüller2011_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_G._KelceyNorbert_Müller2011" class="citation book cs1">John G. Kelcey; Norbert Müller (7 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lUA-LzswzNsC"><i>Plants and Habitats of European Cities</i></a>. Springer Science & Business Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-387-89684-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-387-89684-7"><bdi>978-0-387-89684-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240315175310/https://books.google.com/books?id=lUA-LzswzNsC">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plants+and+Habitats+of+European+Cities&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2011-06-07&rft.isbn=978-0-387-89684-7&rft.au=John+G.+Kelcey&rft.au=Norbert+M%C3%BCller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlUA-LzswzNsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJecmenSpira2012" class="citation book cs1">Jecmen, Gregory; Spira, Freyda (2012). <i>Imperial Augsburg: Renaissance Prints and Drawings, 1475-1540</i>. National Gallery of Art (U.S.). p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781848221222" title="Special:BookSources/9781848221222"><bdi>9781848221222</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+Augsburg%3A+Renaissance+Prints+and+Drawings%2C+1475-1540&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=National+Gallery+of+Art+%28U.S.%29&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781848221222&rft.aulast=Jecmen&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.au=Spira%2C+Freyda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTore_Janson2007" class="citation book cs1">Tore Janson (2007). <i>A Natural History of Latin</i>. OUP Oxford. p. 169. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780191622656" title="Special:BookSources/9780191622656"><bdi>9780191622656</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Natural+History+of+Latin&rft.pages=169&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780191622656&rft.au=Tore+Janson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJecmenSpira2012" class="citation book cs1">Jecmen, Gregory; Spira, Freyda (2012). <i>Imperial Augsburg: Renaissance Prints and Drawings, 1475-1540</i>. National Gallery of Art (U.S.). p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781848221222" title="Special:BookSources/9781848221222"><bdi>9781848221222</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+Augsburg%3A+Renaissance+Prints+and+Drawings%2C+1475-1540&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=National+Gallery+of+Art+%28U.S.%29&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781848221222&rft.aulast=Jecmen&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.au=Spira%2C+Freyda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.fr/books/edition/The_Coin_Collector_s_Journal/U6oCAAAAYAAJ"><i>The Coin Collector's Journal</i></a>. Scott and Company. 1879. p. 21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Coin+Collector%27s+Journal&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Scott+and+Company&rft.date=1879&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.fr%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FThe_Coin_Collector_s_Journal%2FU6oCAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/after-almost-500-years-german-utopia-is-still-going-strong-180973787/">"After Almost 500 Years, the World's Oldest Social Housing Complex is Still Going Strong"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220331115025/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/after-almost-500-years-german-utopia-is-still-going-strong-180973787/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=After+Almost+500+Years%2C+the+World%27s+Oldest+Social+Housing+Complex+is+Still+Going+Strong&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Ftravel%2Fafter-almost-500-years-german-utopia-is-still-going-strong-180973787%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark2022" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Mark, Joshua J. In 2015, the Diocese of Augsburg had 1,325,316 Catholics, which was 57.2% of the total population. (26 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldhistory.org/Augsburg_Confession/#citation_info">"Augsburg Confession"</a>. <i>World History Encyclopedia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230426233021/https://www.worldhistory.org/Augsburg_Confession/#citation_info">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Augsburg+Confession&rft.btitle=World+History+Encyclopedia&rft.date=2022-01-26&rft.aulast=Mark&rft.aufirst=Joshua+J.+In+2015%2C+the+Diocese+of+Augsburg+had+1%2C325%2C316+Catholics%2C+which+was+57.2%25+of+the+total+population.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldhistory.org%2FAugsburg_Confession%2F%23citation_info&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_encyclopedia" title="Template:Cite encyclopedia">cite encyclopedia</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuther2015" class="citation book cs1">Luther, Martin (15 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rvs1DgAAQBAJ&pg=PA146"><i>On Commerce and Usury (1524)</i></a>. Anthem Press. p. 146. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78308-387-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78308-387-9"><bdi>978-1-78308-387-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240315175247/https://books.google.com/books?id=rvs1DgAAQBAJ&pg=PA146">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+Commerce+and+Usury+%281524%29&rft.pages=146&rft.pub=Anthem+Press&rft.date=2015-09-15&rft.isbn=978-1-78308-387-9&rft.aulast=Luther&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Drvs1DgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFstudio1999" class="citation book cs1">studio, Istituto internazionale di storia economica F. Datini Settimana di (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0UGLAAAAIAAJ"><i>Poteri economici e poteri politici secc. XIII-XVIII: atti della "trentesima Settimana di studi," 27 aprile-1 maggio 1998</i></a>. Le Monnier. p. 56. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-00-72230-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-00-72230-8"><bdi>978-88-00-72230-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240315175314/https://books.google.com/books?id=0UGLAAAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poteri+economici+e+poteri+politici+secc.+XIII-XVIII%3A+atti+della+%22trentesima+Settimana+di+studi%2C%22+27+aprile-1+maggio+1998&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=Le+Monnier&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-88-00-72230-8&rft.aulast=studio&rft.aufirst=Istituto+internazionale+di+storia+economica+F.+Datini+Settimana+di&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0UGLAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTlusty2012" class="citation book cs1">Tlusty, B. Ann (2012). <i>Augsburg During the Reformation Era: An Anthology of Sources</i>. Hackett Publishing Company. pp. xviii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781603849203" title="Special:BookSources/9781603849203"><bdi>9781603849203</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Augsburg+During+the+Reformation+Era%3A+An+Anthology+of+Sources&rft.pages=xviii&rft.pub=Hackett+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781603849203&rft.aulast=Tlusty&rft.aufirst=B.+Ann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-allmusic-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-allmusic_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/leopold-mozart-mn0001498289/biography">"Leopold Mozart: Biography & History"</a>. allmusic.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170709062915/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/leopold-mozart-mn0001498289/biography">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Leopold+Mozart%3A+Biography+%26+History&rft.pub=allmusic.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fleopold-mozart-mn0001498289%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMetzig2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Metzig, Gregor (21 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MiyXDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA98"><i>Kommunikation und Konfrontation: Diplomatie und Gesandtschaftswesen Kaiser Maximilians I. (1486–1519)</i></a> (in German). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. pp. 98, 99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-045673-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-045673-8"><bdi>978-3-11-045673-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230702124455/https://books.google.com/books?id=MiyXDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA98">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kommunikation+und+Konfrontation%3A+Diplomatie+und+Gesandtschaftswesen+Kaiser+Maximilians+I.+%281486%E2%80%931519%29&rft.pages=98%2C+99&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter+GmbH+%26+Co+KG&rft.date=2016-11-21&rft.isbn=978-3-11-045673-8&rft.aulast=Metzig&rft.aufirst=Gregor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMiyXDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeinelSack2014" class="citation book cs1">Meinel, Christoph; Sack, Harald (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5O25BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA31"><i>Digital Communication: Communication, Multimedia, Security</i></a>. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783642543319" title="Special:BookSources/9783642543319"><bdi>9783642543319</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210926235052/https://books.google.com/books?id=5O25BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA31">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Digital+Communication%3A+Communication%2C+Multimedia%2C+Security&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9783642543319&rft.aulast=Meinel&rft.aufirst=Christoph&rft.au=Sack%2C+Harald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5O25BAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBehringer2011" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Behringer, Wolfgang (2011). "Core and Periphery: The Holy Roman Empire as a Communication(s) Universe". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://perspectivia.net/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/pnet_derivate_00004689/behringer_core.pdf"><i>The Holy Roman Empire, 1495-1806</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">347–</span>358. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199602971" title="Special:BookSources/9780199602971"><bdi>9780199602971</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://perspectivia.net/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/pnet_derivate_00004689/behringer_core.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Core+and+Periphery%3A+The+Holy+Roman+Empire+as+a+Communication%28s%29+Universe&rft.btitle=The+Holy+Roman+Empire%2C+1495-1806&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E347-%3C%2Fspan%3E358&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780199602971&rft.aulast=Behringer&rft.aufirst=Wolfgang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fperspectivia.net%2Fservlets%2FMCRFileNodeServlet%2Fpnet_derivate_00004689%2Fbehringer_core.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBehringer2003" class="citation book cs1">Behringer, Wolfgang (2003). <i>Witchcraft Persecutions in Bavaria: Popular Magic, Religious Zealotry and Reason of State in Early Modern Europe</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521525107" title="Special:BookSources/9780521525107"><bdi>9780521525107</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Witchcraft+Persecutions+in+Bavaria%3A+Popular+Magic%2C+Religious+Zealotry+and+Reason+of+State+in+Early+Modern+Europe&rft.pages=95&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780521525107&rft.aulast=Behringer&rft.aufirst=Wolfgang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHays2005" class="citation book cs1">Hays, J. N. (2005). <i>Epidemics and pandemics: their impacts on human history</i>. ABC-CLIO. p. 98]. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1851096582" title="Special:BookSources/1851096582"><bdi>1851096582</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Epidemics+and+pandemics%3A+their+impacts+on+human+history&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1851096582&rft.aulast=Hays&rft.aufirst=J.+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrakEpstein2008" class="citation book cs1">Prak, Maarten; Epstein, S. R. (2008). <i>Guilds, Innovation and the European Economy, 1400–1800</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 123. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781139471077" title="Special:BookSources/9781139471077"><bdi>9781139471077</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guilds%2C+Innovation+and+the+European+Economy%2C+1400%E2%80%931800&rft.pages=123&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781139471077&rft.aulast=Prak&rft.aufirst=Maarten&rft.au=Epstein%2C+S.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wolfgang Sofsky, William Templer, <i>The Order of Terror: The Concentration Camp</i>: Princeton University Press: 1999, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-00685-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-00685-7">0-691-00685-7</a>, page 183</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edward Victor. <i>Alphabetical List of Camps, Subcamps and Other Camps.</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101216205741/http://edwardvictor.com/Holocaust/List%20of%20Camps.htm">"List of Camps"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edwardvictor.com/Holocaust/List%20of%20camps.htm">the original</a> on 16 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+Camps&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edwardvictor.com%2FHolocaust%2FList%2520of%2520camps.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-diaryfeb44-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-diaryfeb44_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20070706011932/http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/feb44.html">"Campaign Diary February 1944"</a>. <i>Royal Air Force Bomber Command 60th Anniversary</i>. UK Crown. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/feb44.html">the original</a> on 6 July 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal+Air+Force+Bomber+Command+60th+Anniversary&rft.atitle=Campaign+Diary+February+1944&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.raf.mod.uk%2Fbombercommand%2Ffeb44.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.augsburg.de/fileadmin/user_upload/buergerservice_rathaus/rathaus/statisiken_und_geodaten/statistiken/kurzmitteilungen/KM_2014_Wahlen2013.pdf">ePaper 14. January 2014: Results of the Bundestagswahl 2014 in Augsburg</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923180233/http://www.augsburg.de/fileadmin/user_upload/buergerservice_rathaus/rathaus/statisiken_und_geodaten/statistiken/kurzmitteilungen/KM_2014_Wahlen2013.pdf">Archived</a> 23 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (PDF; 12,1 MB)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOAA-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NOAA_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230914163402/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Augsburg_10852.csv">"Augsburg Climate Normals 1991–2020"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Augsburg_10852.csv">the original</a> on 14 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Augsburg+Climate+Normals+1991%E2%80%932020&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nodc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2Farc0216%2F0253808%2F1.1%2Fdata%2F0-data%2FRegion-6-WMO-Normals-9120%2FGermany%2FCSV%2FAugsburg_10852.csv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kunstsammlungen-museen.augsburg.de/en/museums/roman-museum">"Römisches Museum"</a>. kunstsammlungen-museen.augsburg.de. 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230301104325/https://kunstsammlungen-museen.augsburg.de/en/museums/roman-museum">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=R%C3%B6misches+Museum&rft.pub=kunstsammlungen-museen.augsburg.de&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkunstsammlungen-museen.augsburg.de%2Fen%2Fmuseums%2Froman-museum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Douet2018" class="citation web cs1">James Douet (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ticcih.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/TICCIH-Water-Report.pdf">"The Water Industry as World Heritage"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The International Committee for the Conservation of the Industrial Heritage (TICCIH). p. 32. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://ticcih.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/TICCIH-Water-Report.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Water+Industry+as+World+Heritage&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=The+International+Committee+for+the+Conservation+of+the+Industrial+Heritage+%28TICCIH%29&rft.date=2018&rft.au=James+Douet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fticcih.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F05%2FTICCIH-Water-Report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-icomos-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-icomos_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-icomos_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-icomos_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-icomos_35-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/document/176149">Water Management System of Augsberg (Germany), No. 1580</a> (Report). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Water+Management+System+of+Augsberg+%28Germany%29%2C+No.+1580&rft.pub=ICOMOS&rft.date=2019-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fdocument%2F176149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/2004/">"Seven more cultural sites added to UNESCO's World Heritage List"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.augsburg.de/fileadmin/user_upload/buergerservice_rathaus/rathaus/statisiken_und_geodaten/statistiken/strukturatlas/strukturdaten_nach_stadtbezirken_aktuell.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Strukturdaten+nach+Stadtbezirk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.augsburg.de%2Ffileadmin%2Fuser_upload%2Fbuergerservice_rathaus%2Frathaus%2Fstatisiken_und_geodaten%2Fstatistiken%2Fstrukturatlas%2Fstrukturdaten_nach_stadtbezirken_aktuell.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220619202933/https://www.augsburg.de/buergerservice-rathaus/partnerstaedte">"Augsburgs Partnerstädte – Freundschaften und Begegnungen auf drei Kontinenten"</a>. <i>augsburg.de</i> (in German). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=augsburg.de&rft.atitle=Augsburgs+Partnerst%C3%A4dte+%E2%80%93+Freundschaften+und+Begegnungen+auf+drei+Kontinenten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.augsburg.de%2Fbuergerservice-rathaus%2Fpartnerstaedte%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/urban-rail-news-in-brief-10.html">"Railway Gazette: Urban rail news in brief"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110101050320/http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/urban-rail-news-in-brief-10.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Railway+Gazette%3A+Urban+rail+news+in+brief&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.railwaygazette.com%2Fnc%2Fnews%2Fsingle-view%2Fview%2Furban-rail-news-in-brief-10.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.avv-augsburg.de/presse/neuigkeiten/details/koenigsbrunn-macht-mobil-neue-avv-stadtbuslinien-und-verlaengerte-strassenbahnli-nie-3">"Königsbrunn macht mobil: Neue AVV-Stadtbuslinien und verlängerte Straßenbahnlinie 3"</a>. 13 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=K%C3%B6nigsbrunn+macht+mobil%3A+Neue+AVV-Stadtbuslinien+und+verl%C3%A4ngerte+Stra%C3%9Fenbahnlinie+3&rft.date=2021-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.avv-augsburg.de%2Fpresse%2Fneuigkeiten%2Fdetails%2Fkoenigsbrunn-macht-mobil-neue-avv-stadtbuslinien-und-verlaengerte-strassenbahnli-nie-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804194128/https://www.travelinho.com/en/travel/augsburg">"Augsburg: Stations"</a>. Travelinho.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.travelinho.com/en/travel/augsburg">the original</a> on 4 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Augsburg%3A+Stations&rft.pub=Travelinho.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelinho.com%2Fen%2Ftravel%2Faugsburg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-flughafen-augsburg-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-flughafen-augsburg_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flughafen-augsburg.de/en/augsburg-airport/flughafen-augsburg-edma/">"Augsburg Airport (EDMA)"</a>. flughafen-augsburg.de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160401212446/http://www.flughafen-augsburg.de/en/augsburg-airport/flughafen-augsburg-edma/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Augsburg+Airport+%28EDMA%29&rft.pub=flughafen-augsburg.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flughafen-augsburg.de%2Fen%2Faugsburg-airport%2Fflughafen-augsburg-edma%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-metropole-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-metropole_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180718115020/https://www.landesentwicklung-bayern.de/fileadmin/user_upload/landesentwicklung/Dokumente_und_Cover/Instrumente/LEP_Beteiligungsverfahren_Feb_2017/LEP-Teilfortschreibung-2017/LEP_Teilfortschreibung_Feb_2018/180220_Verordnung.pdf">"Verordnung zur Änderung der Verordnung über das Landesentwicklungsprogramm Bayern"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Bayerisches Staatsministerium der Finanzen, für Landesentwicklung und Heimat. 21 February 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.landesentwicklung-bayern.de/fileadmin/user_upload/landesentwicklung/Dokumente_und_Cover/Instrumente/LEP_Beteiligungsverfahren_Feb_2017/LEP-Teilfortschreibung-2017/LEP_Teilfortschreibung_Feb_2018/180220_Verordnung.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 18 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Verordnung+zur+%C3%84nderung+der+Verordnung+%C3%BCber+das+Landesentwicklungsprogramm+Bayern&rft.pub=Bayerisches+Staatsministerium+der+Finanzen%2C+f%C3%BCr+Landesentwicklung+und+Heimat&rft.date=2018-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.landesentwicklung-bayern.de%2Ffileadmin%2Fuser_upload%2Flandesentwicklung%2FDokumente_und_Cover%2FInstrumente%2FLEP_Beteiligungsverfahren_Feb_2017%2FLEP-Teilfortschreibung-2017%2FLEP_Teilfortschreibung_Feb_2018%2F180220_Verordnung.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-boewe-systec-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-boewe-systec_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boewe-systec.com/">"BÖWE SYSTEC GmbH Kuvertiersysteme, Kartenversandsysteme, Sortieranlagen, Lesetechnologie und Software"</a>. boewe-systec.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180418172410/https://www.boewe-systec.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=B%C3%96WE+SYSTEC+GmbH+Kuvertiersysteme%2C+Kartenversandsysteme%2C+Sortieranlagen%2C+Lesetechnologie+und+Software&rft.pub=boewe-systec.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boewe-systec.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uni-augsburg-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-uni-augsburg_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uni-augsburg.de/">"Universität Augsburg"</a>. uni-augsburg.de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190729203006/http://www.uni-augsburg.de/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Universit%C3%A4t+Augsburg&rft.pub=uni-augsburg.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uni-augsburg.de%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Fugger"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Fugger">"Fugger" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. <span class="nowrap">287–</span>288.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fugger&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E287-%3C%2Fspan%3E288&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Holbein, Hans, the elder"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Holbein,_Hans,_the_elder">"Holbein, Hans, the elder" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. <span class="nowrap">577–</span>578.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Holbein%2C+Hans%2C+the+elder&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E577-%3C%2Fspan%3E578&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Peutinger Konrad"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Peutinger_Konrad">"Peutinger Konrad" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 338.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Peutinger+Konrad&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=338&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Burgkmair, Hans"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Burgkmair,_Hans">"Burgkmair, Hans" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 817.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Burgkmair%2C+Hans&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=817&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Aquila, Caspar"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Aquila,_Caspar">"Aquila, Caspar" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. <span class="nowrap">248–</span>249.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Aquila%2C+Caspar&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E248-%3C%2Fspan%3E249&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrowe1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Archer_Crowe" title="Joseph Archer Crowe">Crowe, Joseph Archer</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Holbein, Hans, the younger"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Holbein,_Hans,_the_younger">"Holbein, Hans, the younger" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). pp. <span class="nowrap">578–</span>580.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Holbein%2C+Hans%2C+the+younger&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E578-%3C%2Fspan%3E580&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Crowe&rft.aufirst=Joseph+Archer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Xylander, Guilielmus"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Xylander,_Guilielmus">"Xylander, Guilielmus" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 889.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Xylander%2C+Guilielmus&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=889&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Brucker, Johann Jakob"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Brucker,_Johann_Jakob">"Brucker, Johann Jakob" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. <span class="nowrap">677–</span>678.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Brucker%2C+Johann+Jakob&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E677-%3C%2Fspan%3E678&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Schürer, Emil"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Sch%C3%BCrer,_Emil">"Schürer, Emil" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 386.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sch%C3%BCrer%2C+Emil&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=386&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Most, John"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Most,_John">"Most, John" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 903.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Most%2C+John&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=903&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mg-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mg_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://montrealgazette.com/entertainment/movie-guide/Oskar+Schindler+collaborator+dies/4919305/story.html">"Oskar Schindler's collaborator, Mietek Pemper, has died"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/The_Gazette_(Montreal)" title="The Gazette (Montreal)">The Gazette (Montreal)</a>. 15 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agence+France-Presse&rft.atitle=Oskar+Schindler%27s+collaborator%2C+Mietek+Pemper%2C+has+died&rft.date=2011-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmontrealgazette.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmovie-guide%2FOskar%2BSchindler%2Bcollaborator%2Bdies%2F4919305%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2021">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2011" class="citation news cs1">Martin, Douglas (18 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/19/world/europe/19pemper.html">"Mietek Pemper, 91, Camp Inmate Who Compiled Schindler's List"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110623164128/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/19/world/europe/19pemper.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Mietek+Pemper%2C+91%2C+Camp+Inmate+Who+Compiled+Schindler%27s+List&rft.date=2011-06-18&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F06%2F19%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F19pemper.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAugsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stadtlexikon-augsburg.de/index.php?id=114&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=3518&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=123&cHash=8ef071d563">Augsburger Stadtlexikon – <i>Datschiburg</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719085653/http://www.stadtlexikon-augsburg.de/index.php?id=114&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=3518&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=123&cHash=8ef071d563">Archived</a> 19 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> accessed: 18 November 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.datschiburger-kickers.de/aktuelles/aktuelles_index.html"><i>Datschiburger Kickers</i> website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091006025126/http://www.datschiburger-kickers.de/aktuelles/aktuelles_index.html">Archived</a> 6 October 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> accessed: 18 November 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stadtlexikon-augsburg.de/index.php?id=115&no_cache=1">Augsburger Stadtlexikon – <i>Datschiburger Kickers</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719085759/http://www.stadtlexikon-augsburg.de/index.php?id=115&no_cache=1">Archived</a> 19 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> accessed: 18 November 2008</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ingolstadt" title="Ingolstadt">Ingolstadt</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Ulm" title="Ulm">Ulm</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Augsburg</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Landshut" title="Landshut">Landshut</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Konstanz" title="Konstanz">Konstanz</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Swabian_League1643" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Swabian_League" title="Template:Swabian League"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Swabian_League" title="Template talk:Swabian League"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Swabian_League" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Swabian League"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Swabian_League1643" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Swabian_League" title="Swabian League">Swabian League</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swabian_War" title="Swabian War">Swabian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights%27_War" title="Knights' War">Knights' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franconian_War" title="Franconian War">Franconian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Peasants%27_War" title="German Peasants' War">Peasants' War</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Swabian_League.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arms of the Swabian League"><img alt="Arms of the Swabian League" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Swabian_League.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Swabian_League.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Swabian_League.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Swabian_League.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Swabian_League.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Swabian_League.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aalen" title="Aalen">Aalen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Baden" title="Margraviate of Baden">Baden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bavaria" title="Duchy of Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Bayreuth" title="Principality of Bayreuth">Bayreuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biberach_an_der_Ri%C3%9F" title="Biberach an der Riß">Biberach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopfingen" title="Bopfingen">Bopfingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Ansbach" title="Principality of Ansbach">Brandenburg-Ansbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinkelsb%C3%BChl" title="Dinkelsbühl">Dinkelsbühl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donauw%C3%B6rth" title="Donauwörth">Donauwörth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar">Esslingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giengen" title="Giengen">Giengen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilbronn" title="Heilbronn">Heilbronn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landgraviate_of_Hesse" title="Landgraviate of Hesse">Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isny_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Isny im Allgäu">Isny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaufbeuren" title="Kaufbeuren">Kaufbeuren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Kempten" title="Free Imperial City of Kempten">Kempten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leutkirch_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Leutkirch im Allgäu">Leutkirch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindau" title="Lindau">Lindau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Mainz" title="Electorate of Mainz">Mainz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen">Memmingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B6rdlingen" title="Nördlingen">Nördlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_the_Palatinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Electorate of the Palatinate">Palatinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfullendorf" title="Pfullendorf">Pfullendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravensburg" title="Ravensburg">Ravensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reutlingen" title="Reutlingen">Reutlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schw%C3%A4bisch_Gm%C3%BCnd" title="Schwäbisch Gmünd">Schwäbisch Gmünd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schw%C3%A4bisch_Hall" title="Schwäbisch Hall">Schwäbisch Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Trier" title="Electorate of Trier">Trier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cberlingen" title="Überlingen">Überlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Ulm" title="Free Imperial City of Ulm">Ulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangen_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Wangen im Allgäu">Wangen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weil_der_Stadt" title="Weil der Stadt">Weil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Wimpfen" title="Bad Wimpfen">Wimpfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="County of Württemberg">Württemberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal; background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Swabian_League" title="Category:Swabian League">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Schw%C3%A4bischer_Bund" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Schwäbischer Bund"><b>Commons</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Holy_Roman_Empire&#124;link=Holy_Roman_Empire_Swabian_Circle_(1500–1806)_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire963" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Swabian_Circle" title="Template:Swabian Circle"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Swabian_Circle" title="Template talk:Swabian Circle"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Swabian_Circle" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Swabian Circle"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Holy_Roman_Empire&#124;link=Holy_Roman_Empire_Swabian_Circle_(1500–1806)_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire963" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire"><img alt="Holy Roman Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/23px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/35px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/45px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Swabian_Circle" title="Swabian Circle">Swabian Circle</a> (1500–1806) of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishop" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince-Bishop">Ecclesiastical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Augsburg" title="Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg">Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Constance" title="Prince-Bishopric of Constance">Constance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellwangen_Abbey" title="Ellwangen Abbey">Ellwangen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princely_Abbey_of_Kempten" title="Princely Abbey of Kempten">Kempten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindau_Abbey" title="Lindau Abbey">Lindau</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding: 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Swabian_Circle.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map indicating the Swabian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire"><img alt="Map indicating the Swabian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Locator_Swabian_Circle.svg/150px-Locator_Swabian_Circle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Locator_Swabian_Circle.svg/225px-Locator_Swabian_Circle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Locator_Swabian_Circle.svg/300px-Locator_Swabian_Circle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1165" data-file-height="1140" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reichsf%C3%BCrst" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichsfürst">Secular</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Baden" title="Margraviate of Baden">Baden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heiligenberg" title="Heiligenberg">Heiligenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohenzollern-Hechingen" title="Hohenzollern-Hechingen">Hohenzollern-Hechingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klettgau" title="Klettgau">Klettgau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Vaduz" title="County of Vaduz">Vaduz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldburg" title="Waldburg">Waldburg</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waldburg-Scheer" title="Waldburg-Scheer">Scheer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldburg-Trauchburg" title="Waldburg-Trauchburg">Trauchburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldburg-Waldsee" title="Waldburg-Waldsee">Waldsee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldburg-Wolfegg" title="Waldburg-Wolfegg">Wolfegg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldburg-Wurzach" title="Waldburg-Wurzach">Wurzach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldburg-Zeil" title="Waldburg-Zeil">Zeil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Duchy of Württemberg">Württemberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prince-abbot" title="Prince-abbot">Prelates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baindt_Abbey" title="Baindt Abbey">Baindt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchau_Abbey" title="Buchau Abbey">Buchau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elchingen_Abbey" title="Elchingen Abbey">Elchingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gengenbach_Abbey" title="Gengenbach Abbey">Gengenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutenzell_Abbey" title="Gutenzell Abbey">Gutenzell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heggbach_Abbey" title="Heggbach Abbey">Heggbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irsee_Abbey" title="Irsee Abbey">Irsee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaisheim_Abbey" title="Kaisheim Abbey">Kaisheim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commandry_of_Mainau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commandry of Mainau (page does not exist)">Mainau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchtal_Abbey" title="Marchtal Abbey">Marchtal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neresheim_Abbey" title="Neresheim Abbey">Neresheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ochsenhausen_Abbey" title="Ochsenhausen Abbey">Ochsenhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petershausen_Abbey" title="Petershausen Abbey">Petershausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roggenburg_Abbey" title="Roggenburg Abbey">Roggenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rot_an_der_Rot_Abbey" title="Rot an der Rot Abbey">Rot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rottenm%C3%BCnster_Abbey" title="Rottenmünster Abbey">Rottenmünster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem_Abbey" title="Salem Abbey">Salmanweiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._George%27s_Abbey,_Isny" title="St. George's Abbey, Isny">St. George's in Isny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schussenried_Abbey" title="Schussenried Abbey">Schussenried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6flingen_Abbey" title="Söflingen Abbey">Söflingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursberg_Abbey" title="Ursberg Abbey">Ursberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weingarten_Abbey" title="Weingarten Abbey">Weingarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weissenau_Abbey" title="Weissenau Abbey">Weißenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wettenhausen_Abbey" title="Wettenhausen Abbey">Wettenhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwiefalten_Abbey" title="Zwiefalten Abbey">Zwiefalten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Graf" title="Graf">Counts</a> / <a href="/wiki/Herr_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Herr (title)">Lords</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altshausen" title="Altshausen">Altshausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baar,_Swabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Baar, Swabia">Baar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bondorf" title="Bondorf">Bondorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Eberstein" title="County of Eberstein">Eberstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohenstein_(Reutlingen)" title="Hohenstein (Reutlingen)">Eglingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Eglofs" title="Lordship of Eglofs">Eglofs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fugger_family" title="Fugger family">Fugger</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugger_(Line_of_Jakob)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fugger (Line of Jakob) (page does not exist)">Jakob</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugger_(Line_of_Johann)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fugger (Line of Johann) (page does not exist)">Johann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugger_(Line_of_Markus)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fugger (Line of Markus) (page does not exist)">Markus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gundelfingen" title="Gundelfingen">Gundelfingen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigmarinen-Gutenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sigmarinen-Gutenstein (page does not exist)">Gutenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lordship_of_Hausen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lordship of Hausen (page does not exist)">Hausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heiligenberg" title="Heiligenberg">Heiligenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Helfenstein" title="House of Helfenstein">Helfenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohenems" title="Hohenems">Hohenems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohengeroldseck" title="Hohengeroldseck">Hohengeroldseck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen" title="Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen">Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schelklingen" title="Schelklingen">Justingen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinzigerthal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinzigerthal (page does not exist)">Kinzigerthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsegg-Aulendorf" title="Königsegg-Aulendorf">Königsegg and Aulendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lustenau" title="Lustenau">Lustenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Me%C3%9Fkirch" title="Meßkirch">Meßkirch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindelheim" title="Mindelheim">Mindelheim</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Schwabegg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schwabegg (page does not exist)">Schwabegg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberdischingen" title="Oberdischingen">Oberdischingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oettingen_in_Bayern" title="Oettingen in Bayern">Öttingen</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96ttingen-Baldern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Öttingen-Baldern (page does not exist)">Baldern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Oettingen-Oettingen" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Oettingen-Oettingen">Öttingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Oettingen-Wallerstein" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Oettingen-Wallerstein">Wallerstein</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rechberg_and_Rothenl%C3%B6wen" title="Rechberg and Rothenlöwen">Rechberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsegg-Rothenfels" title="Königsegg-Rothenfels">Rothenfels and Stauffen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%BChlingen" title="Stühlingen">Stühlingen and Hohenhöwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tettnang" title="Tettnang">Tettnang</a> / <a href="/wiki/Langenargen" title="Langenargen">Langenargen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thannhausen" title="Thannhausen">Thannhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiesensteig" title="Wiesensteig">Wiesensteig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free_imperial_city" title="Free imperial city">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aalen" title="Aalen">Aalen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biberach_an_der_Ri%C3%9F" title="Biberach an der Riß">Biberach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopfingen" title="Bopfingen">Bopfingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Buchau" title="Bad Buchau">Buchau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchhorn" class="mw-redirect" title="Buchhorn">Buchhorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinkelsb%C3%BChl" title="Dinkelsbühl">Dinkelsbühl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar">Eßlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gengenbach" title="Gengenbach">Gengenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giengen" title="Giengen">Giengen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilbronn" title="Heilbronn">Heilbronn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isny_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Isny im Allgäu">Isny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaufbeuren" title="Kaufbeuren">Kaufbeuren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Kempten" title="Free Imperial City of Kempten">Kempten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leutkirch_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Leutkirch im Allgäu">Leutkirch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindau" title="Lindau">Lindau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen">Memmingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B6rdlingen" title="Nördlingen">Nördlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offenburg" title="Offenburg">Offenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfullendorf" title="Pfullendorf">Pfullendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravensburg" title="Ravensburg">Ravensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reutlingen" title="Reutlingen">Reutlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rottweil" title="Rottweil">Rottweil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schw%C3%A4bisch_Gm%C3%BCnd" title="Schwäbisch Gmünd">Schwäbisch Gmünd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schw%C3%A4bisch_Hall" title="Schwäbisch Hall">Schwäbisch Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cberlingen" title="Überlingen">Überlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Ulm" title="Free Imperial City of Ulm">Ulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangen_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Wangen im Allgäu">Wangen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weil_der_Stadt" title="Weil der Stadt">Weil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Wimpfen" title="Bad Wimpfen">Wimpfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zell_am_Harmersbach" title="Zell am Harmersbach">Zell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Circles est. 1500: <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Circle" title="Bavarian Circle">Bavarian</a>, <b>Swabian</b>, <a href="/wiki/Upper_Rhenish_Circle" title="Upper Rhenish Circle">Upper Rhenish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Rhenish%E2%80%93Westphalian_Circle" title="Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle">Lower Rhenish–Westphalian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franconian_Circle" title="Franconian Circle">Franconian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxon_Circle" title="Lower Saxon Circle">(Lower) Saxon</a><br />Circles est. 1512: <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Circle" title="Austrian Circle">Austrian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burgundian_Circle" title="Burgundian Circle">Burgundian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upper_Saxon_Circle" title="Upper Saxon Circle">Upper Saxon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electoral_Rhenish_Circle" title="Electoral Rhenish Circle">Electoral Rhenish</a> <span class="nowrap">   </span> · <span class="nowrap">   </span> <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire_outside_the_Imperial_Circles" title="Territories of the Holy Roman Empire outside the Imperial Circles">Unencircled territories</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Free_imperial_cities_of_the_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Holy_Roman_Empire&#124;link=Holy_Roman_Empire_Holy_Roman_Empire459" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Free_imperial_cities" title="Template:Free imperial cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Free_imperial_cities" title="Template talk:Free imperial cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Free_imperial_cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Free imperial cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Free_imperial_cities_of_the_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Holy_Roman_Empire&#124;link=Holy_Roman_Empire_Holy_Roman_Empire459" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Free_imperial_city" title="Free imperial city">Free imperial cities</a> of the <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire"><img alt="Holy Roman Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/23px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/35px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/45px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="By_1792459" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">By 1792</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Aachen" title="Free Imperial City of Aachen">Aachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aalen" title="Aalen">Aalen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biberach_an_der_Ri%C3%9F" title="Biberach an der Riß">Biberach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopfingen" title="Bopfingen">Bopfingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremen_(state)" title="Bremen (state)">Bremen</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Buchau" title="Bad Buchau">Buchau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrichshafen" title="Friedrichshafen">Buchhorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinkelsb%C3%BChl" title="Dinkelsbühl">Dinkelsbühl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar">Eßlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Frankfurt" title="Free City of Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedberg,_Hesse" title="Friedberg, Hesse">Friedberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gengenbach" title="Gengenbach">Gengenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giengen" title="Giengen">Giengen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goslar" title="Goslar">Goslar</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilbronn" title="Heilbronn">Heilbronn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isny_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Isny im Allgäu">Isny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaufbeuren" title="Kaufbeuren">Kaufbeuren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Kempten" title="Free Imperial City of Kempten">Kempten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kessenich" title="Kessenich">Kessenich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leutkirch_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Leutkirch im Allgäu">Leutkirch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindau" title="Lindau">Lindau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_L%C3%BCbeck" class="mw-redirect" title="Free City of Lübeck">Lübeck</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen">Memmingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BChlhausen" title="Mühlhausen">Mühlhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulhouse" title="Mulhouse">Mülhausen</a><sup><small>D, S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordhausen,_Thuringia" title="Nordhausen, Thuringia">Nordhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B6rdlingen" title="Nördlingen">Nördlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Nuremberg" title="Free Imperial City of Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offenburg" title="Offenburg">Offenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfullendorf" title="Pfullendorf">Pfullendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravensburg" title="Ravensburg">Ravensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reutlingen" title="Reutlingen">Reutlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rothenburg_ob_der_Tauber" title="Rothenburg ob der Tauber">Rothenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rottweil" title="Rottweil">Rottweil</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schw%C3%A4bisch_Gm%C3%BCnd" title="Schwäbisch Gmünd">Schwäbisch Gmünd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schw%C3%A4bisch_Hall" title="Schwäbisch Hall">Schwäbisch Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schweinfurt" title="Schweinfurt">Schweinfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speyer" title="Speyer">Speyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cberlingen" title="Überlingen">Überlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Ulm" title="Free Imperial City of Ulm">Ulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangen_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Wangen im Allgäu">Wangen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weil_der_Stadt" title="Weil der Stadt">Weil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei%C3%9Fenburg_in_Bayern" title="Weißenburg in Bayern">Weißenburg in Bayern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetzlar" title="Wetzlar">Wetzlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Wimpfen" title="Bad Wimpfen">Wimpfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Windsheim" title="Bad Windsheim">Windsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worms,_Germany" title="Worms, Germany">Worms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zell_am_Harmersbach" title="Zell am Harmersbach">Zell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png/150px-Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png/225px-Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png/300px-Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png 2x" data-file-width="1545" data-file-height="1330" /></a></span><br /><small>Free Imperial Cities by 1792</small></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Lost_imperial_immediacy_or_no_longer_part_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire_by_1792459" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lost <a href="/wiki/Imperial_immediacy" title="Imperial immediacy">imperial immediacy</a> or no longer part of the Holy Roman Empire by 1792</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bern" title="History of Bern">Bern</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Besan%C3%A7on" title="Free Imperial City of Besançon">Besançon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brakel,_Germany" title="Brakel, Germany">Brakel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambrai" title="Cambrai">Cambrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diessenhofen" title="Diessenhofen">Diessenhofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donauw%C3%B6rth" title="Donauwörth">Donauwörth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duisburg" title="Duisburg">Duisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCren" title="Düren">Düren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelnhausen" title="Gelnhausen">Gelnhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haguenau" title="Haguenau">Hagenau</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herford" title="Herford">Herford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaysersberg" title="Kaysersberg">Kaysersberg</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colmar" title="Colmar">Kolmar</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstanz" title="Konstanz">Konstanz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landau" title="Landau">Landau</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemgo" title="Lemgo">Lemgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munster,_Haut-Rhin" title="Munster, Haut-Rhin">Munster</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obernai" title="Obernai">Obernai</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfeddersheim" title="Pfeddersheim">Pfeddersheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheinfelden_(Aargau)" title="Rheinfelden (Aargau)">Rheinfelden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosheim" title="Rosheim">Rosheim</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarrebourg" title="Sarrebourg">Sarrebourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schmalkalden" title="Schmalkalden">Schmalkalden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9lestat" title="Sélestat">Schlettstadt</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seltz" title="Seltz">Seltz</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soest,_Germany" title="Soest, Germany">Soest</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Straßburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toul" title="Toul">Toul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turckheim" title="Turckheim">Turckheim</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verden_an_der_Aller" class="mw-redirect" title="Verden an der Aller">Verden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun">Verdun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warburg" title="Warburg">Warburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wissembourg" title="Wissembourg">Weißenburg in Elsaß</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Zürich">Zürich</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>D</small></sup> Member of the <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9capole" title="Décapole">Décapole</a></li> <li><sup><small>H</small></sup> Member of the <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a></li> <li><sup><small>S</small></sup> Member or associate of the <a href="/wiki/Growth_of_the_Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy">Swiss Confederacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Urban_and_rural_districts_in_the_Free_State_of_Bavaria_in_Germany1112" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Bavaria" title="Template:Germany districts Bavaria"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Germany_districts_Bavaria" title="Template talk:Germany districts Bavaria"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Germany_districts_Bavaria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Germany districts Bavaria"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Urban_and_rural_districts_in_the_Free_State_of_Bavaria_in_Germany1112" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Urban and rural districts in the <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Free State of Bavaria</a> in Germany</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Urban<br />districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amberg" title="Amberg">Amberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansbach" title="Ansbach">Ansbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aschaffenburg" title="Aschaffenburg">Aschaffenburg</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg">Bamberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayreuth" title="Bayreuth">Bayreuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coburg" title="Coburg">Coburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlangen" title="Erlangen">Erlangen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCrth" title="Fürth">Fürth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hof,_Bavaria" title="Hof, Bavaria">Hof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingolstadt" title="Ingolstadt">Ingolstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaufbeuren" title="Kaufbeuren">Kaufbeuren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kempten" title="Kempten">Kempten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landshut" title="Landshut">Landshut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen">Memmingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">München (<i>Munich</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nürnberg (<i>Nuremberg</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passau" title="Passau">Passau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosenheim" title="Rosenheim">Rosenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwabach" title="Schwabach">Schwabach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schweinfurt" title="Schweinfurt">Schweinfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straubing" title="Straubing">Straubing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weiden_in_der_Oberpfalz" title="Weiden in der Oberpfalz">Weiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Würzburg">Würzburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rural<br />districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aichach-Friedberg" title="Aichach-Friedberg">Aichach-Friedberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt%C3%B6tting_(district)" title="Altötting (district)">Altötting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amberg-Sulzbach" title="Amberg-Sulzbach">Amberg-Sulzbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansbach_(district)" title="Ansbach (district)">Ansbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aschaffenburg_(district)" title="Aschaffenburg (district)">Aschaffenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg_(district)" title="Augsburg (district)">Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Kissingen_(district)" title="Bad Kissingen (district)">Bad Kissingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_T%C3%B6lz-Wolfratshausen" title="Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen">Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamberg_(district)" title="Bamberg (district)">Bamberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayreuth_(district)" title="Bayreuth (district)">Bayreuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berchtesgadener_Land" title="Berchtesgadener Land">Berchtesgadener Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_(district)" title="Cham (district)">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coburg_(district)" title="Coburg (district)">Coburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dachau_(district)" title="Dachau (district)">Dachau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deggendorf_(district)" title="Deggendorf (district)">Deggendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dillingen_(district)" title="Dillingen (district)">Dillingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingolfing-Landau" title="Dingolfing-Landau">Dingolfing-Landau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donau-Ries" title="Donau-Ries">Donau-Ries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebersberg_(district)" title="Ebersberg (district)">Ebersberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eichst%C3%A4tt_(district)" title="Eichstätt (district)">Eichstätt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erding_(district)" title="Erding (district)">Erding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlangen-H%C3%B6chstadt" title="Erlangen-Höchstadt">Erlangen-Höchstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forchheim_(district)" title="Forchheim (district)">Forchheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freising_(district)" title="Freising (district)">Freising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freyung-Grafenau" title="Freyung-Grafenau">Freyung-Grafenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCrstenfeldbruck_(district)" title="Fürstenfeldbruck (district)">Fürstenfeldbruck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCrth_(district)" title="Fürth (district)">Fürth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garmisch-Partenkirchen_(district)" title="Garmisch-Partenkirchen (district)">Garmisch-Partenkirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnzburg_(district)" title="Günzburg (district)">Günzburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha%C3%9Fberge_(district)" title="Haßberge (district)">Haßberge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hof_(district)" title="Hof (district)">Hof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelheim_(district)" title="Kelheim (district)">Kelheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitzingen_(district)" title="Kitzingen (district)">Kitzingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronach_(district)" title="Kronach (district)">Kronach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulmbach_(district)" title="Kulmbach (district)">Kulmbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landsberg_(district)" title="Landsberg (district)">Landsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landshut_(district)" title="Landshut (district)">Landshut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichtenfels_(district)" title="Lichtenfels (district)">Lichtenfels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindau_(district)" title="Lindau (district)">Lindau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main-Spessart" title="Main-Spessart">Main-Spessart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miesbach_(district)" title="Miesbach (district)">Miesbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miltenberg_(district)" title="Miltenberg (district)">Miltenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BChldorf_(district)" title="Mühldorf (district)">Mühldorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_(district)" title="Munich (district)">München (<i>Munich</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuburg-Schrobenhausen" title="Neuburg-Schrobenhausen">Neuburg-Schrobenhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neumarkt_(district)" title="Neumarkt (district)">Neumarkt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neustadt_(Aisch)-Bad_Windsheim" title="Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim">Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neustadt_an_der_Waldnaab_(district)" title="Neustadt an der Waldnaab (district)">Neustadt an der Waldnaab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neu-Ulm_(district)" title="Neu-Ulm (district)">Neu-Ulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCrnberger_Land" title="Nürnberger Land">Nürnberger Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberallg%C3%A4u" title="Oberallgäu">Oberallgäu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostallg%C3%A4u" title="Ostallgäu">Ostallgäu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passau_(district)" title="Passau (district)">Passau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfaffenhofen_(district)" title="Pfaffenhofen (district)">Pfaffenhofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regen_(district)" title="Regen (district)">Regen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regensburg_(district)" title="Regensburg (district)">Regensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B6n-Grabfeld" title="Rhön-Grabfeld">Rhön-Grabfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosenheim_(district)" title="Rosenheim (district)">Rosenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roth_(district)" title="Roth (district)">Roth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rottal-Inn" title="Rottal-Inn">Rottal-Inn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwandorf_(district)" title="Schwandorf (district)">Schwandorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schweinfurt_(district)" title="Schweinfurt (district)">Schweinfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starnberg_(district)" title="Starnberg (district)">Starnberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straubing-Bogen" title="Straubing-Bogen">Straubing-Bogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirschenreuth_(district)" title="Tirschenreuth (district)">Tirschenreuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traunstein_(district)" title="Traunstein (district)">Traunstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unterallg%C3%A4u" title="Unterallgäu">Unterallgäu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weilheim-Schongau" title="Weilheim-Schongau">Weilheim-Schongau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei%C3%9Fenburg-Gunzenhausen" title="Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen">Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wunsiedel_(district)" title="Wunsiedel (district)">Wunsiedel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg_(district)" title="Würzburg (district)">Würzburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">Districts</a> of German states</b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Germany" title="List of districts of Germany">Full list</a>) <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Template:Germany districts Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Bavaria" title="Template:Germany districts Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Brandenburg" title="Template:Germany districts Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Bremen" title="Template:Germany districts Bremen">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Hesse" title="Template:Germany districts Hesse">Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Lower_Saxony" title="Template:Germany districts Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Districts_of_Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Template:Districts of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Template:Germany districts North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Template:Germany districts Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saarland" title="Template:Germany districts Saarland">Saarland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saxony" title="Template:Germany districts Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saxony-Anhalt" title="Template:Germany districts Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Template:Germany districts Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Thuringia" title="Template:Germany districts Thuringia">Thuringia</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="City_divisions_of_Augsburg69" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:AugsburgCityDivisions" title="Template:AugsburgCityDivisions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:AugsburgCityDivisions" title="Template talk:AugsburgCityDivisions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:AugsburgCityDivisions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:AugsburgCityDivisions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="City_divisions_of_Augsburg69" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">City divisions of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Augsburg</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>I</b>: <a href="/wiki/Augsburg-Innenstadt" title="Augsburg-Innenstadt">Innenstadt</a></li> <li><b>II</b>: <a href="/wiki/Augsburg-Oberhausen" title="Augsburg-Oberhausen">Oberhausen</a></li> <li><b>III</b>: <a href="/wiki/Augsburg-B%C3%A4renkeller" title="Augsburg-Bärenkeller">Bärenkeller</a></li> <li><b>IV</b>: <a href="/wiki/Augsburg-Firnhaberau" title="Augsburg-Firnhaberau">Firnhaberau</a></li> <li><b>V</b>: <a href="/wiki/Augsburg-Hammerschmiede" title="Augsburg-Hammerschmiede">Hammerschmiede</a></li> <li><b>VI</b>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg-Lechhausen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augsburg-Lechhausen (page does not exist)">Lechhausen</a></li> <li><b>VII</b>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg-Kriegshaber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augsburg-Kriegshaber (page does not exist)">Kriegshaber</a></li> <li><b>VIII</b>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg-Pfersee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augsburg-Pfersee (page does not exist)">Pfersee</a></li> <li><b>IX</b>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg-Hochfeld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augsburg-Hochfeld (page does not exist)">Hochfeld</a></li> <li><b>X</b>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg-Antonsviertel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augsburg-Antonsviertel (page does not exist)">Antonsviertel</a></li> <li><b>XI</b>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg-Spickel-Herrenbach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augsburg-Spickel-Herrenbach (page does not exist)">Spickel-Herrenbach</a></li> <li><b>XII</b>: <a href="/wiki/Augsburg-Hochzoll" title="Augsburg-Hochzoll">Hochzoll</a></li> <li><b>XIII</b>: <a href="/wiki/Augsburg-Haunstetten" title="Augsburg-Haunstetten">Haunstetten-Siebenbrunn</a></li> <li><b>XIV</b>: <a href="/wiki/Augsburg-G%C3%B6ggingen" title="Augsburg-Göggingen">Göggingen</a></li> <li><b>XV</b>: <a href="/wiki/Augsburg-Inningen" title="Augsburg-Inningen">Inningen</a></li> <li><b>XVI</b>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg-Bergheim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augsburg-Bergheim (page does not exist)">Bergheim</a></li> <li><b>XVII</b>: <a href="/wiki/Augsburg-Universit%C3%A4tsviertel" title="Augsburg-Universitätsviertel">Universitätsviertel</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Augsburg_COA_1811.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of Arms of Augsburg"><img alt="Coat of Arms of Augsburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/DEU_Augsburg_COA_1811.svg/60px-DEU_Augsburg_COA_1811.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/DEU_Augsburg_COA_1811.svg/90px-DEU_Augsburg_COA_1811.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/DEU_Augsburg_COA_1811.svg/120px-DEU_Augsburg_COA_1811.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="521" data-file-height="571" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_civic_divisions_of_Augsburg" title="List of civic divisions of Augsburg">List of civic divisions of Augsburg</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="20px_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Germany_15px5970" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#008000;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Germany" title="Template:World Heritage Sites in Germany"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Germany" title="Template talk:World Heritage Sites in Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Heritage Sites in Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20px_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Germany_15px5970" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:World_Heritage_Logo_global.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/World_Heritage_Logo_global.svg/20px-World_Heritage_Logo_global.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/World_Heritage_Logo_global.svg/30px-World_Heritage_Logo_global.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/World_Heritage_Logo_global.svg/40px-World_Heritage_Logo_global.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span>  <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">World Heritage Sites</span></a> in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Germany</span></a>  <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/15px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#008000;color:white;"><div><i>For official site names, see each article or the <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Germany" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Germany"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">List of World Heritage Sites in Germany</span></a>.</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#008000;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Germany" title="Northern Germany"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Northern</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADGB_Trade_Union_School" title="ADGB Trade Union School">ADGB Trade Union School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Modernism_Housing_Estates" title="Berlin Modernism Housing Estates">Berlin Modernism Housing Estates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremen_City_Hall" title="Bremen City Hall">Bremen Town Hall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bremen_Roland" title="Bremen Roland">Roland on the Marketplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fagus_Factory" title="Fagus Factory">Fagus Factory in Alfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedeby" title="Hedeby">Hedeby</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Danevirke" title="Danevirke">Danevirke</a> Archaeological Border Complex</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildesheim_Cathedral" title="Hildesheim Cathedral">St. Mary's Cathedral</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Church,_Hildesheim" title="St. Michael's Church, Hildesheim">St. Michael's Church</a> at <a href="/wiki/Hildesheim" title="Hildesheim">Hildesheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_Island" title="Museum Island">Museumsinsel (Museum Island), Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Hanseatic City of Lübeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaces_and_Parks_of_Potsdam_and_Berlin" title="Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin">Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rammelsberg" title="Rammelsberg">Mines of Rammelsberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goslar" title="Goslar">Historic Town of Goslar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Upper_Harz_Water_Regale" title="Upper Harz Water Regale">Upper Harz Water Management System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speicherstadt" title="Speicherstadt">Speicherstadt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kontorhaus_District" title="Kontorhaus District">Kontorhaus District</a> with <a href="/wiki/Chilehaus" title="Chilehaus">Chilehaus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></li> <li>Historic Centres of <a href="/wiki/Stralsund" title="Stralsund">Stralsund</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wismar" title="Wismar">Wismar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#008000;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Germany_(cultural_area)" title="Central Germany (cultural area)"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Central</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus_and_its_Sites_in_Weimar,_Dessau_and_Bernau" title="Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau">Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dessau-W%C3%B6rlitz_Garden_Realm" title="Dessau-Wörlitz Garden Realm">Dessau-Wörlitz Garden Realm</a></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/Dresden_Elbe_Valley" title="Dresden Elbe Valley">Dresden Elbe Valley</a></s> <i>(delisted in 2009)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ore_Mountain_Mining_Region" title="Ore Mountain Mining Region">Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří Mining Region</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li>Luther Memorials in <a href="/wiki/Eisleben" title="Eisleben">Eisleben</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wittenberg" title="Wittenberg">Wittenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muskau_Park" title="Muskau Park">Muskauer Park / Park Mużakowski</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naumburg_Cathedral" title="Naumburg Cathedral">Naumburg Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quedlinburg" title="Quedlinburg">Collegiate Church, Castle, and Old Town of Quedlinburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wartburg" title="Wartburg">Wartburg Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Weimar_(World_Heritage_Site)" title="Classical Weimar (World Heritage Site)">Classical Weimar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#008000;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Germany"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Western</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aachen_Cathedral" title="Aachen Cathedral">Aachen Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustusburg_and_Falkenlust_Palaces,_Br%C3%BChl" title="Augustusburg and Falkenlust Palaces, Brühl">Castles of Augustusburg and Falkenlust at Brühl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergpark_Wilhelmsh%C3%B6he" title="Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe">Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne_Cathedral" title="Cologne Cathedral">Cologne Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Abbey_of_Corvey" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Abbey of Corvey">Carolingian Westwork and Civitas Corvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Germanic_Limes" title="Lower Germanic Limes">Lower Germanic Limes</a><sup><small>6</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhine_Gorge" title="Rhine Gorge">Upper Middle Rhine Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Monuments,_Cathedral_of_St_Peter_and_Church_of_Our_Lady_in_Trier" title="Roman Monuments, Cathedral of St Peter and Church of Our Lady in Trier">Roman Monuments</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trier_Cathedral" title="Trier Cathedral">Cathedral of St. Peter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liebfrauenkirche,_Trier" title="Liebfrauenkirche, Trier">Church of Our Lady</a> in <a href="/wiki/Trier" title="Trier">Trier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speyer_Cathedral" title="Speyer Cathedral">Speyer Cathedral</a></li> <li>ShUM cities of <a href="/wiki/Jewish_courtyard,_Speyer" title="Jewish courtyard, Speyer">Speyer</a>, Worms and Mainz</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Spa_Towns_of_Europe" title="Great Spa Towns of Europe">Great Spa Towns of Europe</a><sup><small>8</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lklingen_Ironworks" title="Völklingen Ironworks">Völklingen Ironworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zollverein_Coal_Mine_Industrial_Complex" title="Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex">Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex in Essen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#008000;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Germany" title="Southern Germany"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Southern</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lorsch_Abbey" title="Lorsch Abbey">Abbey and Altenmünster of Lorsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Architectural_Work_of_Le_Corbusier" title="The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier">The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Water_Management_System" title="Augsburg Water Management System">Augsburg Water Management System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg">Town of Bamberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caves_and_Ice_Age_Art_in_the_Swabian_Jura" title="Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura">Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darmstadt_Artists%27_Colony" title="Darmstadt Artists' Colony">Mathildenhöhe Darmstadt</a></li> <li>Frontiers of the Roman Empire in Bavaria<sup><small>7</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limes_(Roman_Empire)" title="Limes (Roman Empire)">Frontiers of the Roman Empire</a>:<sup><small>3</small></sup> <a href="/wiki/Limes_Germanicus" title="Limes Germanicus">Upper Germanic & Rhaetian Limes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maulbronn_Monastery" title="Maulbronn Monastery">Maulbronn Monastery Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margravial_Opera_House" title="Margravial Opera House">Margravial Opera House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichenau_Island" title="Reichenau Island">Monastic Island of Reichenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Old Town of Regensburg with Stadtamhof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wieskirche" title="Wieskirche">Pilgrimage Church of Wies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_pile_dwellings_around_the_Alps" title="Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps">Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg_Residence" title="Würzburg Residence">Würzburg Residence with the Court Gardens and Residence Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#008000;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Natural_heritage" title="Natural heritage"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Natural</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messel_pit" class="mw-redirect" title="Messel pit">Messel Pit Fossil Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primeval_Beech_Forests_of_the_Carpathians_and_the_Ancient_Beech_Forests_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and the Ancient Beech Forests of Germany">Ancient Beech Forests</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadden_Sea" title="Wadden Sea">Wadden Sea</a><sup><small>6</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#008000;color:white;"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup> Shared with the <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the Czech Republic"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Czech Republic</span></a></li> <li><sup>2</sup> Shared with <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of World Heritage Sites of Poland"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Poland</span></a></li> <li><sup>3</sup> Shared with the <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of World Heritage Sites of the United Kingdom"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">United Kingdom</span></a></li> <li><sup>4</sup> Shared with <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Austria" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Austria"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Austria</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_France" title="List of World Heritage Sites in France"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">France</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Italy"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Italy</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Southern_Europe" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Southern Europe"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Slovenia</span></a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Switzerland" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Switzerland"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Switzerland</span></a></li> <li><sup>5</sup> Shared with <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Albania</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Austria</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Belgium</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Bosnia and Herzegovina</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Bulgaria</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Croatia</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Czech Republic</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">France</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Italy</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">North Macedonia</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Poland</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Romania</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Slovakia</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Slovenia</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Spain</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Switzerland</span></a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Ukraine</span></a></li> <li><sup>6</sup> Shared with the <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the Netherlands"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Netherlands</span></a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Northern_Europe" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Northern Europe"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Denmark</span></a></li> <li><sup>7</sup> Shared with <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Austria" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Austria"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Austria</span></a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Slovakia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Slovakia"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Slovakia</span></a></li> <li><sup>8</sup> Shared with <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_France" title="List of World Heritage Sites in France"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">France</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Austria" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Austria"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Austria</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Belgium" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Belgium"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Belgium</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the Czech Republic"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Czechia</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Italy"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Italy</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">UK</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2749#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2454" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2749#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2454" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2749#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/153139306">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/252184198">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1202992/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwXdjG6h79Q4py6rM9qwC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4003614-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50073906">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11862310j">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11862310j">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Augsburg (Německo)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge134035&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000649871&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=497/13579">Vatican</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/76566">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007309202105171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058620188306706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/72cb4849-5677-47c2-8c5f-415c9074f5f3">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026359804">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/006581">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044874">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=42274">Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&oldid=1276043406">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&oldid=1276043406</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_Bavaria" title="Category:Cities in 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