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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1.5 Date unknown </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1571" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1571"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 1571 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1571-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–March_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–March_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.1 January–March </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–March_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April–June_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April–June_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.2 April–June </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April–June_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–September_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–September_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.3 July–September </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–September_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October–December_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.4 October–December </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.5 Date unknown </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1572" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1572"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 1572 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1572-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–March_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–March_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.1 January–March </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–March_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April–June_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April–June_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.2 April–June </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April–June_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–September_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–September_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.3 July–September </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–September_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October–December_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.4 October–December </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.5 Date unknown </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1573" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1573"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 1573 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1573-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–March_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–March_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.1 January–March </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–March_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April–June_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April–June_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.2 April–June </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April–June_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–September_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–September_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.3 July–September </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–September_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October–December_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.4 October–December </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.5 Date unknown </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1574" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1574"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 1574 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1574-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–March_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–March_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.1 January–March </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–March_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April–June_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April–June_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.2 April–June </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April–June_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–September_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–September_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.3 July–September </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–September_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October–December_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.4 October–December </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Undated" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Undated"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.5 Undated </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Undated-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1575" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1575"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 1575 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1575-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–March_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–March_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6.1 January–March </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–March_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April–June_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April–June_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6.2 April–June </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April–June_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–September_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–September_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6.3 July–September </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–September_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October–December_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6.4 October–December </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6.5 Date unknown </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1576" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1576"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 1576 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1576-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–March_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–March_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7.1 January–March </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–March_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April–June_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April–June_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7.2 April–June </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April–June_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–September_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–September_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7.3 July–September </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–September_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October–December_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7.4 October–December </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7.5 Date unknown </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1577" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1577"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8 1577 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1577-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–March_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–March_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8.1 January–March </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–March_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April–June_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April–June_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8.2 April–June </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April–June_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–September_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–September_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8.3 July–September </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–September_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October–December_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8.4 October–December </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8.5 Date unknown </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1578" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1578"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9 1578 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1578-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–March_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–March_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9.1 January–March </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–March_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April–June_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April–June_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9.2 April–June </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April–June_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–September_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–September_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9.3 July–September </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–September_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October–December_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9.4 October–December </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9.5 Date unknown </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1579" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1579"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.10 1579 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1579-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–March_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–March_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.10.1 January–March </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–March_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April–June_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April–June_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.10.2 April–June </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April–June_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–September_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–September_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.10.3 July–September </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–September_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October–December_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.10.4 October–December </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.10.5 Date unknown </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Births </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Deaths </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">1570s</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 85 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-85" aria-hidden="true" > 85 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_1570" title="عقد 1570 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عقد 1570" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyos_1570" title="Anyos 1570 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Anyos 1570" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_del_1570" title="Década del 1570 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Década del 1570" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570-an" title="1570-an – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1570-an" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AB%E0%A7%AD%E0%A7%A6-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%95" title="১৫৭০-এর দশক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৫৭০-এর দশক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570_n%C3%AE-t%C4%81i" title="1570 nî-tāi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1570 nî-tāi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570-%D1%8F" title="1570-я – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1570-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570-%D1%8F" title="1570-я – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1570-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570-e" title="1570-e – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1570-e" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloavezhio%C3%B9_1570" title="Bloavezhioù 1570 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bloavezhioù 1570" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A8cada_del_1570" title="Dècada del 1570 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dècada del 1570" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570-%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%88_%C3%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="1570-мĕш çулсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1570-мĕш çулсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570au" title="1570au – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1570au" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570%27erne" title="1570'erne – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1570'erne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85_1570" title="عوام 1570 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="عوام 1570" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570er" title="1570er – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1570er" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570._aastad" title="1570. aastad – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1570. aastad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_1570" title="An 1570 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="An 1570" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570_%D1%86%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C" title="1570 це иеть – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1570 це иеть" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B1os_1570" title="Años 1570 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Años 1570" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570-aj_jaroj" title="1570-aj jaroj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1570-aj jaroj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570eko_hamarkada" title="1570eko hamarkada – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1570eko hamarkada" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%87_%DB%B1%DB%B5%DB%B7%DB%B0_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="دهه ۱۵۷۰ (میلادی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دهه ۱۵۷۰ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570-%C3%A1rini" title="1570-árini – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1570-árini" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1570" title="Années 1570 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Années 1570" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570id%C3%AD" title="1570idí – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1570idí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570an" title="1570an – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1570an" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1570" title="Década de 1570 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Década de 1570" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1570年代 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1570年代" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570%EB%85%84%EB%8C%80" title="1570년대 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1570년대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yari_1570a" title="Yari 1570a – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Yari 1570a" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570-an" title="1570-an – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1570-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570-%D1%82%C3%A6" title="1570-тæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1570-тæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1571-1580" title="1571-1580 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1571-1580" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1570" title="Anni 1570 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anni 1570" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94-70_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94-16" title="שנות ה-70 של המאה ה-16 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שנות ה-70 של המאה ה-16" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570-an" title="1570-an – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1570-an" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="1570-იანები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1570-იანები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miaka_ya_1570" title="Miaka ya 1570 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Miaka ya 1570" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%81" title="1570-ӧд вояс – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1570-ӧд вояс" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/XVI_am%C5%BEiaus_8-as_de%C5%A1imtmetis" title="XVI amžiaus 8-as dešimtmetis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="XVI amžiaus 8-as dešimtmetis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1570" title="Anni 1570 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Anni 1570" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570-es_%C3%A9vek" title="1570-es évek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1570-es évek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570-%D1%82%D0%B8" title="1570-ти – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1570-ти" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95" title="इ.स.चे १५७० चे दशक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.चे १५७० चे दशक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="1570-იანეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1570-იანეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_1570" title="عقد 1570 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عقد 1570" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570-an" title="1570-an – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1570-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570_ni%C3%A8ng-d%C3%A2i" title="1570 nièng-dâi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1570 nièng-dâi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570-1579" title="1570-1579 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1570-1579" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1570年代 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1570年代" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570-%C3%A5rene" title="1570-årene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1570-årene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%C3%A9es_1570" title="Annaées 1570 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Annaées 1570" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ans_1570" title="Ans 1570 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ans 1570" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570-lar" title="1570-lar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1570-lar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE" title="1570 ਦਾ ਦਹਾਕਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1570 ਦਾ ਦਹਾਕਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1570" title="Década de 1570 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Década de 1570" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anii_1570" title="Anii 1570 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anii 1570" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570_watakuna" title="1570 watakuna – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1570 watakuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570-%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="1570-е годы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1570-е годы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570-%D1%81" title="1570-с – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1570-с" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570s" title="1570s – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1570s" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitet_1570" title="Vitet 1570 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vitet 1570" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570ini" title="1570ini – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1570ini" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570s" title="1570s – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1570s" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/70._roky_16._storo%C4%8Dia" title="70. roky 16. storočia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="70. roky 16. storočia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570." title="1570. – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1570." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570-%D0%B5" title="1570-е – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1570-е" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570-e" title="1570-e – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1570-e" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570-an" title="1570-an – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1570-an" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570-luku" title="1570-luku – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1570-luku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570-talet" title="1570-talet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1570-talet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="1570கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1570கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570-%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="1570-еллар – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1570-еллар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9_1570" title="คริสต์ทศวรรษ 1570 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คริสต์ทศวรรษ 1570" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%B8_1570_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D3%A3)" title="Даҳаи 1570 (мелодӣ) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Даҳаи 1570 (мелодӣ)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570%C3%BD%C3%BD" title="1570ýý – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1570ýý" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570-%D1%82%D1%96" title="1570-ті – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1570-ті" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570%D8%A1_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="1570ء کی دہائی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1570ء کی دہائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%ADp_ni%C3%AAn_1570" title="Thập niên 1570 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thập niên 1570" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%AAyes_1570" title="Anêyes 1570 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Anêyes 1570" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570_nga_dekada" title="1570 nga dekada – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1570 nga dekada" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1570%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1570年代 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1570年代" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Decade</div> The 1570s decade ran from January 1, 1570, to December 31, 1579. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Millennium</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Centuries</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/15th_century" title="15th century">15th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_century" title="16th century">16th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_century" title="17th century">17th century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Decades</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1550s" title="1550s">1550s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1560s" title="1560s">1560s</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1570s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1580s" title="1580s">1580s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1590s" title="1590s">1590s</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1570" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1570">1570</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1571" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1571">1571</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1572" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1572">1572</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1573" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1573">1573</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1574" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1574">1574</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1575" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1575">1575</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1576" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1576">1576</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1577" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1577">1577</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1578" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1578">1578</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1579" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1579">1579</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1570s_births" title="Category:1570s births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1570s_deaths" title="Category:1570s deaths">Deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1570s_by_country" title="Category:1570s by country">By country</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1570s_establishments" title="Category:1570s establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1570s_disestablishments" title="Category:1570s disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Decadebox" title="Template:Decadebox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Decadebox" title="Template talk:Decadebox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Decadebox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Decadebox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Theatrum_Orbis_Terrarum,_by_Abraham_Ortelius,_World,_1572.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Theatrum_Orbis_Terrarum%2C_by_Abraham_Ortelius%2C_World%2C_1572.jpg/220px-Theatrum_Orbis_Terrarum%2C_by_Abraham_Ortelius%2C_World%2C_1572.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Theatrum_Orbis_Terrarum%2C_by_Abraham_Ortelius%2C_World%2C_1572.jpg/330px-Theatrum_Orbis_Terrarum%2C_by_Abraham_Ortelius%2C_World%2C_1572.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Theatrum_Orbis_Terrarum%2C_by_Abraham_Ortelius%2C_World%2C_1572.jpg/440px-Theatrum_Orbis_Terrarum%2C_by_Abraham_Ortelius%2C_World%2C_1572.jpg 2x" data-file-width="12136" data-file-height="8263" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Ortelius" title="Abraham Ortelius">Abraham Ortelius</a> publishes the first modern <a href="/wiki/Atlas" title="Atlas">atlas</a> in 1570.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wolf-Dietrich-Klebeband_St%C3%A4dtebilder_G_111_III.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Wolf-Dietrich-Klebeband_St%C3%A4dtebilder_G_111_III.jpg/220px-Wolf-Dietrich-Klebeband_St%C3%A4dtebilder_G_111_III.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Wolf-Dietrich-Klebeband_St%C3%A4dtebilder_G_111_III.jpg/330px-Wolf-Dietrich-Klebeband_St%C3%A4dtebilder_G_111_III.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Wolf-Dietrich-Klebeband_St%C3%A4dtebilder_G_111_III.jpg/440px-Wolf-Dietrich-Klebeband_St%C3%A4dtebilder_G_111_III.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="753" /></a><figcaption>November 4, 1576: <a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Antwerp" title="Sack of Antwerp">Sack of Antwerp</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1570">1570</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1570" title="1570">1570</a>. (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1570&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1570&action=history">history</a>)</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="January–March"> January–March</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1570&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: January–March">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_8" title="January 8">January 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ivan_the_Terrible" title="Ivan the Terrible">Ivan the Terrible</a> begins the <a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_Novgorod" title="Massacre of Novgorod">Massacre of Novgorod</a>.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">January 23</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Assassination" title="Assassination">assassination</a> of Scottish regent <a href="/wiki/James_Stewart,_1st_Earl_of_Moray" title="James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray">James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray</a>, by <a href="/wiki/James_Hamilton_(assassin)" title="James Hamilton (assassin)">James Hamilton</a>, the first known shooting of a national leader, throws Scotland into <a href="/wiki/Civil_war" title="Civil war">civil war</a>. Having loaded a carbine rifle and carried it into the <a href="/wiki/Linlithgow" title="Linlithgow">Linlithgow</a> home of his uncle, the <a href="/wiki/John_Hamilton_(archbishop_of_St_Andrews)" title="John Hamilton (archbishop of St Andrews)">Archbishop of St Andrews</a>, Hamilton stands at an upstairs window overlooking the street where Moray will ride by on horseback as part of cavalcade. Once Moray comes into range, Hamilton fires and fatally wounds the regent for King James VI.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">February 8</a> – An <a href="/wiki/1570_Concepci%C3%B3n_earthquake" title="1570 Concepción earthquake">estimated 8.3 magnitude earthquake</a> occurs in <a href="/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n,_Chile" title="Concepción, Chile">Concepción, Chile</a>.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_5" title="February 5">February 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> <a href="/wiki/Occultation" title="Occultation">occults</a> <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a>; this will next happen in <a href="/wiki/1818" title="1818">1818</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_28" title="March 28">March 28</a> – The ambassador of the Ottoman Sultan <a href="/wiki/Selim_II" title="Selim II">Selim II</a> goes before the governing Council of the <a href="/wiki/Venetian_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Venetian Republic">Venetian Republic</a> and requests that Venice surrender the island of <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> The Council rejects the demand and <a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Venetian_War_(1570%E2%80%931573)" title="Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–1573)">prepares to go to war</a> with the Ottoman Empire.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="April–June"> April–June</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1570&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: April–June">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_7" title="April 7">April 7</a> – In Scotland, <a href="/wiki/Colin_Campbell_of_Glenorchy" title="Colin Campbell of Glenorchy">Colin Campbell of Glenorchy</a> receives permission from the Regent, the <a href="/wiki/James_Douglas,_4th_Earl_of_Morton" title="James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton">Earl of Morton</a>, to execute the chief of <a href="/wiki/Clan_Gregor" title="Clan Gregor">Clan Gregor</a>, his son-in-law Gregor Roy MacGregor,<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> and carries out MacGregor's beheading at Balloch in front of the <a href="/wiki/John_Stewart,_4th_Earl_of_Atholl" title="John Stewart, 4th Earl of Atholl">Earl of Atholl</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_27" title="April 27">April 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pope Pius V</a> excommunicates Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">Elizabeth I of England</a>, and all persons who show allegiance to her, with the bull <a href="/wiki/Regnans_in_Excelsis" title="Regnans in Excelsis">Regnans in Excelsis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Ortelius" title="Abraham Ortelius">Abraham Ortelius</a> publishes the first modern <a href="/wiki/Atlas" title="Atlas">atlas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theatrum_Orbis_Terrarum" title="Theatrum Orbis Terrarum">Theatrum Orbis Terrarum</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_24" title="May 24">May 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_(1570)" title="Battle of Manila (1570)">Battle of Manila</a>: The Spanish, led by <a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_de_Goiti" title="Martín de Goiti">Martín de Goiti</a>, defeat the forces of <a href="/wiki/Rajah_Sulayman" title="Rajah Sulayman">Raja Sulayman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Livonia" title="Kingdom of Livonia">Kingdom of Livonia</a> is established.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="July–September"> July–September</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1570&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: July–September">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_3" title="July 3">July 3</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Venetian_War_(1570%E2%80%9373)#Ottoman_conquest_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–73)">Ottoman conquest of Cyprus</a> begins as more than 350 Ottoman ships and over 60,000 troops land near <a href="/wiki/Larnaca" title="Larnaca">Larnaca</a> and then march toward the Cypriot capital, <a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Turnbull-11">[11]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">July 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pope Pius V</a> issues <a href="/wiki/Quo_primum" title="Quo primum">Quo primum</a>, promulgating the 1570 edition of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Missal" title="Roman Missal">Roman Missal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomson_Snell_%26_Passmore" title="Thomson Snell & Passmore">Thomson Snell & Passmore</a> is founded, the oldest law firm in operation.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Venetian_War_(1570%E2%80%931573)" title="Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–1573)">The siege of Nicosia</a> by the Ottoman Empire begins in <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> and lasts for seven weeks.<a href="#cite_note-Turnbull-11">[11]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_30" title="July 30">July 30</a> – (28th day of 6th month of <a href="/wiki/Genki_(era)" title="Genki (era)">Genki</a> 1 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anegawa" title="Battle of Anegawa">Battle of Anegawa</a>: The allied forces of <a href="/wiki/Oda_Nobunaga" title="Oda Nobunaga">Oda Nobunaga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Ieyasu" title="Tokugawa Ieyasu">Tokugawa Ieyasu</a> defeat the combined forces of the <a href="/wiki/Azai_clan" title="Azai clan">Azai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asakura_clan" title="Asakura clan">Asakura clans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_8" title="August 8">August 8</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Saint-Germain" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace of Saint-Germain">Peace of Saint-Germain</a> ends the <a href="/wiki/Third_War_of_Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Third War of Religion">Third War of Religion</a> in France. Again, the Huguenots are promised religious freedom and political autonomy.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_16" title="August 16">August 16</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Speyer_(1570)" title="Treaty of Speyer (1570)">Treaty of Speyer</a> is signed between <a href="/wiki/John_Sigismund_Z%C3%A1polya" title="John Sigismund Zápolya">John Sigismund Zápolya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Transylvania" title="Prince of Transylvania">Prince of Transylvania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian II</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_of_Hungary" title="King of Hungary">King of Hungary</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_9" title="September 9">September 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a> falls to the Turks under the command of General Lala Mustafa Pasha. After the Ottomans breach the walls, the Venetian defenders are massacred and the women and boys are sold into slavery.<a href="#cite_note-Turnbull-11">[11]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_10" title="September 10">September 10</a> – A party of ten Spanish <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit</a> missionaries land on the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Peninsula" title="Virginia Peninsula">Virginia Peninsula</a> of North America to establish the <a href="/wiki/Ajac%C3%A1n_Mission" title="Ajacán Mission">Ajacán Mission</a>, which will be massacred in February 1571.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_25" title="September 25">September 25</a> (26th day of 8th month of <a href="/wiki/Genki_(era)" title="Genki (era)">Genki 1</a> – The 10-year-long <a href="/wiki/Ishiyama_Hongan-ji_War" title="Ishiyama Hongan-ji War">Ishiyama Hongan-ji War</a> begins in Japan as <a href="/wiki/Oda_Nobunaga" title="Oda Nobunaga">Oda Nobunaga</a> stages simultaneous attacks on two fortresses (Ishiyama Hongan-ji and <a href="/wiki/Nagashima" title="Nagashima">Nagashima</a>) of the <a href="/wiki/Ikk%C5%8D-ikki" title="Ikkō-ikki">Ikkō-ikki</a> faction near <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="October–December"> October–December</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1570&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: October–December">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_3" title="October 3">October 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anna_of_Austria,_Queen_of_Spain" title="Anna of Austria, Queen of Spain">Princess Anna of Austria</a> arrives in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> to become the Queen Consort of Spain as the bride of her uncle <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">King Philip of Spain</a>,<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> whom she had married by proxy on May 4.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Having traveled through the Netherlands, she asks King Philip to spare the life of the rebel <a href="/wiki/Floris_of_Montmorency" title="Floris of Montmorency">Floris of Montmorency</a>, but the King arranges the strangulation of Floris on October 14.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_17" title="November 17">November 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/1570_Ferrara_earthquake" title="1570 Ferrara earthquake">A major earthquake</a> strikes the Italian city of <a href="/wiki/Ferrara" title="Ferrara">Ferrara</a> at 3:00 in the morning local time, destroying 40 percent of the buildings in the city, but causing only 171 deaths.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> After the initial shocks, a sequence of <a href="/wiki/Aftershock" title="Aftershock">aftershocks</a> continue for four years, with over 2,000 in the period from November 1570 to February 1571.<a href="#cite_note-Guidoboni-21">[21]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_13" title="December 13">December 13</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Stettin_(1570)" title="Treaty of Stettin (1570)">Treaty of Stettin</a> ends the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Seven_Years%27_War" title="Northern Seven Years' War">Northern Seven Years' War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Date_unknown"> Date unknown</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1570&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Date unknown">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Spanish <a href="/wiki/Conquistador" title="Conquistador">conquistador</a> <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Salcedo" title="Juan de Salcedo">Juan de Salcedo</a> (in the service of <a href="/wiki/Miguel_L%C3%B3pez_de_Legazpi" title="Miguel López de Legazpi">Miguel López de Legazpi</a>) begins the conquest of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Maynila" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Maynila">Kingdom of Maynila</a>.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></li> <li>Construction of the original <a href="/wiki/Catedral_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_de_La_Asunci%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Catedral Nuestra Señora de La Asunción">Catedral Nuestra Señora de La Asunción</a>, the oldest church in <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>, begins.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Whitechapel_Bell_Foundry" title="Whitechapel Bell Foundry">Whitechapel Bell Foundry</a> is known to be in existence in London.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> By <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>, when it closes its premises in Whitechapel, it will be the oldest manufacturing company in Great Britain.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Palladio" title="Andrea Palladio">Andrea Palladio</a> publishes <a href="/wiki/I_quattro_libri_dell%27architettura" title="I quattro libri dell'architettura">I quattro libri dell'architettura</a> in <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_eruption" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanic eruption">Volcanic eruption</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Santorini_caldera" title="Santorini caldera">Santorini caldera</a> begins.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Andean" class="mw-redirect" title="Andean">Andean</a> population of the <a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Peru" title="Viceroyalty of Peru">Viceroyalty of Peru</a> reaches 1.3 million.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1571">1571</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1571" title="1571">1571</a>. (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1571&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1571&action=history">history</a>)</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="January–March_2"> January–March</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1571&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: January–March">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_11" title="January 11">January 11</a> – The Austrian nobility are granted <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">freedom of religion</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">January 23</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Exchange,_London" title="Royal Exchange, London">Royal Exchange</a> opens in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_4" title="February 4">February 4</a> – The Spanish <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit</a> missionaries of the <a href="/wiki/Ajac%C3%A1n_Mission" title="Ajacán Mission">Ajacán Mission</a>, established on the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Peninsula" title="Virginia Peninsula">Virginia Peninsula</a> of North America in 1570, are massacred by local Native Americans.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_18" title="March 18">March 18</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Knights_of_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of the Knights of Saint John">Order of the Knights of Saint John</a> transfers the capital of <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Birgu" title="Birgu">Birgu</a> to <a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="April–June_2"> April–June</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1571&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: April–June">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_2" title="April 2">April 2</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/3rd_Parliament_of_Elizabeth_I" title="3rd Parliament of Elizabeth I">3rd Parliament of Elizabeth I</a>, with 438 members, assembles in England at Westminster after being summoned on February 17.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumbarton_Castle" title="Dumbarton Castle">Dumbarton Castle</a> is recaptured from <a href="/wiki/James_Fleming,_4th_Lord_Fleming" title="James Fleming, 4th Lord Fleming">Lord Fleming</a> by the forces of <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Stewart,_4th_Earl_of_Lennox" title="Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox">Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox</a>, the Regent for King James VI of Scotland.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_12" title="April 12">April 12</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Ridolfi_plot" title="Ridolfi plot">Ridolfi plot</a> to assassinate Queen Elizabeth I of England is foiled by the capture of Ridolfi's messenger, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Baillie_(papal_agent)" title="Charles Baillie (papal agent)">Charles Baillie</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_17" title="April 17">April 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XIV_of_Alexandria" title="Pope John XIV of Alexandria">Pope John XIV of Alexandria</a> begins a 15-year reign as leader of the Coptic Christian Church.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">April 21</a> <ul><li>In China, General <a href="/wiki/Altan_Khan" title="Altan Khan">Altan Khan</a> is granted authority to rule the western provinces by the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> Emperor <a href="/wiki/Longqing_Emperor" title="Longqing Emperor">Longqing</a> in return for his payment of a tribute.</li> <li>In the German <a href="/wiki/Palatine_Zweibr%C3%BCcken" title="Palatine Zweibrücken">Duchy of Palatinate-Zweibrücken</a>, the serfs are emancipated by <a href="/wiki/John_I,_Count_Palatine_of_Zweibr%C3%BCcken" title="John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken">John, Count of Palatine and Duke of Zweibrucken</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_24" title="May 24">May 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> is <a href="/wiki/Fire_of_Moscow_(1571)" title="Fire of Moscow (1571)">burnt</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Khanate" title="Crimean Khanate">Crimean</a> army, under <a href="/wiki/Devlet_I_Giray" title="Devlet I Giray">Devlet I Giray</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_25" title="May 25">May 25</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Holy_League_(1571)" title="Holy League (1571)">Holy League</a> is established as an alliance of the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Republic of Genoa</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Grand Duchy of Tuscany</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy">Duchy of Savoy</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Urbino" title="Duchy of Urbino">Duchy of Urbino</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a>(under the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Knights of Malta</a> for mutual defense against attacks by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> on ships in the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_29" title="May 29">May 29</a> – Queen Elizabeth I of England gives <a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">royal assent</a> to laws that had been passed by the 3rd Parliament, including the <a href="/wiki/Bulls,_etc.,_from_Rome_Act_1571" title="Bulls, etc., from Rome Act 1571">Bulls from Rome Act 1571</a> to prevent the publication in England of <a href="/wiki/Papal_bulls" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal bulls">papal bulls</a> as well as "writings or instruments and other superstitious things from the See of Rome"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">June 3</a> – Following the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bangkusay_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Bangkusay Channel">Battle of Bangkusay Channel</a>, the conquest of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Maynila" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Maynila">Kingdom of Maynila</a> is complete; Spanish <a href="/wiki/Conquistador" title="Conquistador">Conquistador</a> <a href="/wiki/Miguel_L%C3%B3pez_de_Legazpi" title="Miguel López de Legazpi">Miguel López de Legazpi</a> makes <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> a city, and the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_24" title="June 24">June 24</a> – On the island of <a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miguel_L%C3%B3pez_de_Legazpi" title="Miguel López de Legazpi">Miguel López de Legazpi</a> of Spain establishes a Spanish fortress at <a href="/wiki/Manila_Bay" title="Manila Bay">Manila Bay</a> and, after making a peace pact with the Crown Prince of Luzon, <a href="/wiki/Rajah_Sulayman" title="Rajah Sulayman">Rajah Sulayman</a> declares Manila to be the administrative capital of the Spanish East Indies.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_25" title="June 25">June 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth%27s_Grammar_School,_Horncastle" title="Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Horncastle">Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Horncastle</a>, is founded in <a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire" title="Lincolnshire">Lincolnshire</a>, England.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_27" title="June 27">June 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jesus_College,_Oxford" title="Jesus College, Oxford">Jesus College</a> is established "within the City and <a href="/wiki/Colleges_of_the_University_of_Oxford" title="Colleges of the University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">Queen Elizabeth</a>'s foundation" in England, by <a href="/wiki/Welsh_people" title="Welsh people">Welsh</a> cleric and lawyer <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Price_(lawyer)" title="Hugh Price (lawyer)">Hugh Price</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="July–September_2"> July–September</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1571&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: July–September">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">July 14</a> – In what is now the state of <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Chaliyam" title="Siege of Chaliyam">Siege of Chaliyam</a> begins as the <a href="/wiki/Zamorin#List_of_Calicut_Zamorins" title="Zamorin">Zamorin</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Kozhikode</a>, Mana Vikrama, sends troops to starve out the Portuguese Empire's Chale fortress.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> The Portuguese defender, Dom Jorge de Castro, is allowed to surrender the fort in November and the Portuguese are allowed to march out of the fort. De Castro is executed by the Portuguese Governor-General after returning to Portuguese controlled <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_25" title="July 25">July 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/St_Olave%27s_Grammar_School" title="St Olave's Grammar School">St Olave's Grammar School</a> is founded in <a href="/wiki/Tooley_Street" title="Tooley Street">Tooley Street</a>, London.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1" title="August 1">August 1</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Venetian_War_(1570%E2%80%9373)#Ottoman_conquest_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–73)">Ottoman conquest of Cyprus</a> is concluded, by the surrender of <a href="/wiki/Famagusta" title="Famagusta">Famagusta</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Cyprus" title="Ottoman Cyprus">Cyprus</a> is established as an <a href="/wiki/Eyalet" title="Eyalet">eyalet</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, and the first <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkish</a> colony moves into the island.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_29" title="August 29">August 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Liliw,_Laguna" class="mw-redirect" title="Liliw, Laguna">Liliw, Laguna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> is founded by Gat Tayaw, followers and residents as a municipality of <a href="/wiki/Laguna_(province)" title="Laguna (province)">Laguna</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_5" title="September 5">September 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Erskine,_Earl_of_Mar_(died_1572)" title="John Erskine, Earl of Mar (died 1572)">John Erskine, Earl of Mar</a> is selected by the Scottish royal family to be the new <a href="/wiki/Regent_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Regent of Scotland">Regent of Scotland</a> to rule on behalf of the 5-year-old <a href="/wiki/James_VI_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="James VI of Scotland">King James VI</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> The Earl of Mar replaces <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Stewart,_4th_Earl_of_Lennox" title="Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox">Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox</a>, the King's grandfather, who was assassinated the day before by supporters of his daughter-in-law the imprisoned <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Mary, Queen of Scots">Mary, Queen of Scots</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_28" title="September 28">September 28</a> – The <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_England" title="House of Commons of England">House of Commons of England</a> introduces the first <a href="/wiki/Pro_forma#Government" title="Pro forma">pro forma</a> bill, symbolizing its authority over its own affairs.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_30" title="September 30">September 30</a> (12th day of 9th month of <a href="/wiki/Genki_(era)" title="Genki (era)">Genki</a>) – In <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mount_Hiei" title="Siege of Mount Hiei">Siege of Mount Hiei</a> is carried out by <a href="/wiki/Oda_Nobunaga" title="Oda Nobunaga">Oda Nobunaga</a> at <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cmi_Province" title="Ōmi Province">Ōmi Province</a> (now the <a href="/wiki/Shiga_Prefecture" title="Shiga Prefecture">Shiga Prefecture</a>). After Nobunaga's 30,000 troops overwhelm the monks of the 4,000 warriors of the <a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dhei" title="Sōhei">Sōhei</a>, Nobunaga orders the massacre of more than 1,500 survivors.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="October–December_2"> October–December</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1571&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: October–December">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_7" title="October 7">October 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lepanto" title="Battle of Lepanto">Battle of Lepanto</a>: Spanish, Venetian, and Papal naval forces, under <a href="/wiki/Don_John_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Don John of Austria">Don John of Austria</a>, defeat the Ottoman fleet of <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCezzinzade_Ali_Pasha" title="Müezzinzade Ali Pasha">Müezzinzade Ali Pasha</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">November 4</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Inquisition" title="Mexican Inquisition">Mexican Inquisition</a>, for investigation and punishment of heresy against the Roman Catholic Church in the New World, begins with the first session of the Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition in New Spain.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_16" title="November 16">November 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michele_Bonelli" title="Michele Bonelli">Michele Bonelli</a> is sent as the <a href="/wiki/Papal_legate" title="Papal legate">legate a latere</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pope Pius V</a> to work directly with King <a href="/wiki/Charles_IX_of_France" title="Charles IX of France">Charles IX of France</a>. From June 18 until his new assignment, Bonelli had been the legate to the King of Spain and the King of Portugal.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_20" title="November 20">November 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Clan_Gordon" title="Clan Gordon">Clan Gordon</a> defeats <a href="/wiki/Clan_Forbes" title="Clan Forbes">Clan Forbes</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Craibstone" title="Battle of Craibstone">Battle of Craibstone</a>, fought near <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a> in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>. Clan Forbes sustains 300 deaths and 200 men are taken prisoner out of its original contingent of 900, while Clan Gordon suffers 200 deaths of its 800 men.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_24" title="December 24">December 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_XI_of_Legnica" title="Henry XI of Legnica">Henry XI</a>, Duke of the German <a href="/wiki/Legnica" title="Legnica">Duchy of Liegnitz</a> (now part of Poland), who had increased the Duchy's debts from 80,000 <a href="/wiki/Thalers" class="mw-redirect" title="Thalers">thalers</a> to 700,000 <a href="/wiki/Thalers" class="mw-redirect" title="Thalers">thalers</a> over 11 years, attempts to get the representatives of the Congress of Estates to pledge their own goods and valuables as collateral for refinancing the debt. When the representatives of the different parts of the Duchy refuse, he has them jailed until they agree to pay taxes for 10 percent of the debt owed.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Date_unknown_2"> Date unknown</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1571&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Date unknown">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Using mercury in the silver extraction process dramatically increases the output of the <a href="/wiki/Potos%C3%AD#History_and_silver_extraction" title="Potosí">Potosí</a> mine; thus begins the great silver flow that links the New and Old Worlds.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Church_Ordinance_1571" title="Swedish Church Ordinance 1571">Swedish Church Ordinance 1571</a> creates the first complete order of the Protestant Swedish church. The church ordinance also includes a chapter about schooling, in which all children in the cities, regardless of sex, are to be given elementary schooling.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taipalsaari" title="Taipalsaari">Taipalsaari</a> is founded.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1572">1572</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1572" title="1572">1572</a>. (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1572&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1572&action=history">history</a>)</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="January–March_3"> January–March</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1572&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: January–March">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_16" title="January 16">January 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Howard,_4th_Duke_of_Norfolk" title="Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk">Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk</a>, is tried for treason, for his part in the <a href="/wiki/Ridolfi_plot" title="Ridolfi plot">Ridolfi plot</a> to restore <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Catholicism</a> in England. He is executed on <a href="/wiki/June_2" title="June 2">June 2</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cassell's_Chronology-45">[45]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">February 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">Elizabeth I of England</a> issues a proclamation which revokes all commissions, on account of the frauds which they had fostered.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_19" title="February 19">February 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Harrow_School" title="Harrow School">Harrow School</a> is founded, with a royal charter from Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">Elizabeth I of England</a>.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_28" title="February 28">February 28</a> – In what is now the <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a> state in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maharana_Pratap" title="Maharana Pratap">Maharana Pratap</a> is crowned as the new <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ranas_of_Mewar" title="List of Ranas of Mewar">Rana of Mewar</a> at the Kingdom's capital at <a href="/wiki/Udaipur" title="Udaipur">Udaipur</a> after the death of his father, <a href="/wiki/Udai_Singh_II" title="Udai Singh II">Udai Singh II</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2" title="March 2">March 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mem_de_S%C3%A1" title="Mem de Sá">Mem de Sá</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Governorate_General_of_Brazil" title="Governorate General of Brazil">Portuguese Governor-General of Brazil</a>, dies after 14 years in office. He is succeeded by Lourenço da Veiga.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_11" title="March 11">March 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pope Pius V</a> issues the papal bull Supremi omnipotentis Dei, granting an <a href="/wiki/Indulgence" title="Indulgence">indulgence</a> reducing 50 days of punishment in the afterlife for Roman Catholics who recited the <a href="/wiki/Penitential_psalm" title="Penitential psalm">penitential psalms</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_28" title="March 28">March 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth I">Queen Elizabeth I</a> of England summons <a href="/wiki/4th_Parliament_of_Elizabeth_I" title="4th Parliament of Elizabeth I">a new Parliament</a>, which assembles on May 4.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="April–June_3"> April–June</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1572&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: April–June">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_1" title="April 1">April 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Brielle" title="Capture of Brielle">Capture of Brielle</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Geuzen" title="Geuzen">Sea Beggars</a>, Netherlandish <a href="/wiki/Calvinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinist">Calvinist</a> rebels, capture the port city of <a href="/wiki/Brielle" title="Brielle">Brielle</a>. This leads to a wave of uprisings in <a href="/wiki/Holland" title="Holland">Holland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zeeland" title="Zeeland">Zeeland</a> against Spanish <a href="/wiki/Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg">Habsburg</a> rule, leaving most of those provinces (with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>) under rebel control.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_13" title="May 13">May 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XIII" title="Pope Gregory XIII">Pope Gregory XIII</a> succeeds <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pope Pius V</a>, as the 226th <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">pope</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_14" title="June 14">June 14</a> (4th day of 5th month, <a href="/wiki/Genki_(era)" title="Genki (era)">Genki 3</a>) – At the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kizaki" title="Battle of Kizaki">Battle of Kizaki</a>, Shimazu Yoshihiro leads an army of just 300 men to defeat the 3,000 strong Ito clan of <a href="/wiki/It%C5%8D_Yoshisuke" title="Itō Yoshisuke">Itō Yoshisuke</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cassell-48">[48]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_25" title="June 25">June 25</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Geuzen" title="Geuzen">Sea Beggars</a> capture the city of <a href="/wiki/Gorinchem" title="Gorinchem">Gorkum</a>; several Roman Catholic priests are imprisoned.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="July–September_3"> July–September</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1572&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: July–September">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> – The city council of <a href="/wiki/Haarlem" title="Haarlem">Haarlem</a>, one of the largest cities of the Netherlands, votes to join the Dutch Revolt against King Philip II of Spain. King Philip orders sent an army north under command of <a href="/wiki/Fadrique_Alvarez_de_Toledo,_Duke_of_Alva" class="mw-redirect" title="Fadrique Alvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva">Don Fadrique</a>, son of the Duke of Alva, to lead an army to conquer the rebelling cities.<a href="#cite_note-Tracy-49">[49]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_9" title="July 9">July 9</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Geuzen" title="Geuzen">Sea Beggars</a> hang 19 previously imprisoned Roman Catholic priests (the <a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Gorkum" title="Martyrs of Gorkum">Martyrs of Gorkum</a>) at <a href="/wiki/Brielle" title="Brielle">Brielle</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_11" title="July 11">July 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Gilbert" title="Humphrey Gilbert">Humphrey Gilbert</a> leads 1,500 volunteers from England, on an expedition to assist the Sea Beggars.<a href="#cite_note-Cassell's_Chronology-45">[45]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_19" title="July 19">July 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wanli_Emperor" title="Wanli Emperor">Wanli Emperor</a> of China ascends the throne at the age of nine; he will rule for 48 years.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a>–<a href="/wiki/August_2" title="August 2">August 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Molodi" title="Battle of Molodi">Battle of Molodi</a>: A large <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatar</a>–<a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> army which invaded Russia is routed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_18" title="August 18">August 18</a> – Huguenot King <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry III of Navarre</a> marries <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Valois" title="Margaret of Valois">Margaret of Valois</a>, sister of King Charles and daughter of <a href="/wiki/Catherine_de%27_Medici" title="Catherine de' Medici">Catherine de' Medici</a>, in a supposed attempt to reconcile Protestants and Catholics in France.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_24" title="August 24">August 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/St._Bartholomew%27s_Day_massacre" title="St. Bartholomew's Day massacre">St. Bartholomew's Day massacre</a>: Catholics in Paris murder thousands of Protestants, including <a href="/wiki/Gaspard_II_de_Coligny" title="Gaspard II de Coligny">Gaspard de Coligny</a> and <a href="/wiki/Petrus_Ramus" title="Petrus Ramus">Petrus Ramus</a>, at the order of King <a href="/wiki/Charles_IX_of_France" title="Charles IX of France">Charles IX</a>, with Catherine de Medici's connivance. Henry of Navarre and the <a href="/wiki/Princes_of_Cond%C3%A9" title="Princes of Condé">Prince of Condé</a> barely escape the same fate. This brings about the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_War_of_Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth War of Religion">Fourth War of Religion</a> in France.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_19" title="September 19">September 19</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mons_(1572)" title="Siege of Mons (1572)">Siege of Mons</a>, which started on June 23, ends with the recapture of <a href="/wiki/Valenciennes" title="Valenciennes">Valenciennes</a> by the Spanish Army from the Dutch <a href="/wiki/Huguenots" title="Huguenots">Huguenots</a> in what is now Belgium. <a href="/wiki/Louis_of_Nassau" title="Louis of Nassau">Louis of Nassau</a>, the Dutch rebel commander, surrenders to the <a href="/wiki/Fernando_%C3%81lvarez_de_Toledo,_3rd_Duke_of_Alba" title="Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba">Duke of Alba</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Tracy-49">[49]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_24" title="September 24">September 24</a> – <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tupac_Amaru" class="mw-redirect" title="Tupac Amaru">Tupac Amaru</a> and other Inca Empire nobles are executed in Peru at <a href="/wiki/Cuzco" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuzco">Cuzco</a> on orders of the Spanish <a href="/wiki/List_of_Viceroys_of_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Viceroys of Peru">colonial Viceroy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Toledo" title="Francisco de Toledo">Francisco de Toledo</a>, who then carries out the destruction of the relics of the Incan civilization.<a href="#cite_note-MacQuarrie-52">[52]</a></li> <li>The Ottoman Empire begins the deportation of 10 percent of families of the provinces of Anatolia, Rum (Sivas), Karaman and Zülkadriye, mostly craftsmen or peasants, to the newly-conquered island of Cyprus. In exchange for relocating, the transferees are made exempt from taxes for two years.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_25" title="September 25">September 25</a> – The coronation of <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolf</a> as King of Hungary takes place at St. Martin's Cathedral in <a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Pozsony</a> (now Bratislava, Slovakia).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="October–December_3"> October–December</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1572&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: October–December">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_2" title="October 2">October 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Fury_at_Mechelen" title="Spanish Fury at Mechelen">Spanish Fury at Mechelen</a>: The mostly Catholic population of the Netherlands city of <a href="/wiki/Mechelen" title="Mechelen">Mechelen</a> (now in Belgium) surrenders to the Spanish Army and signifies its intention to offer no resistance, singing Catholic psalms of penitence to welcome the Catholic Spaniards. Nevertheless, the Duke of Alba authorizes his troops to conduct three days of slaughter, rape and pillaging.<a href="#cite_note-Arnade-54">[54]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_20" title="October 20">October 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Eighty Years' War">Eighty Years' War</a> – <a href="/wiki/Relief_of_Goes" title="Relief of Goes">Relief of Goes</a>: Soldiers of the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Tercio" title="Tercio">Tercios</a> wade across the estuary of the <a href="/wiki/Scheldt" title="Scheldt">Scheldt</a>, to relieve the siege of <a href="/wiki/Goes" title="Goes">Goes</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Netherlands" title="Spanish Netherlands">Spanish Netherlands</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9" title="November 9">November 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sancerre" title="Siege of Sancerre">Siege of Sancerre</a>: Catholic forces of the king lay siege to <a href="/wiki/Sancerre" title="Sancerre">Sancerre</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Huguenot" class="mw-redirect" title="Huguenot">Huguenot</a> stronghold in central France. The fortified city holds out for nearly eight months, without bombard artillery. This is one of the last times that slings are used in European warfare.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_1572" title="SN 1572">Supernova SN 1572</a> is first observed in the <a href="/wiki/Constellation" title="Constellation">constellation</a> <a href="/wiki/Cassiopeia_(constellation)" title="Cassiopeia (constellation)">Cassiopeia</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Gemma" title="Cornelius Gemma">Cornelius Gemma</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tycho_Brahe" title="Tycho Brahe">Tycho Brahe</a>, who notes it two days later, will use it to challenge the prevailing view that <a href="/wiki/Star" title="Star">stars</a> do not change.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> The supernova remnant remains visible through 1574.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_14" title="November 14">November 14</a> – Residents of the Belgian city of <a href="/wiki/Zutphen" title="Zutphen">Zutphen</a> are massacred by the Spanish Army.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_22" title="November 22">November 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_Naarden" title="Massacre of Naarden">All but 60 of the 3,000 residents are massacred</a> by the Spanish Army in the Belgian city of <a href="/wiki/Naarden" title="Naarden">Naarden</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Arnade-54">[54]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_10" title="December 10">December 10</a> – For administrative purposes, the Kingdom of Portugal divides its colony in <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> into two colonies, with one Governor-General at Rio de Janeiro and another at Bahia. The two colonies will be reunified on April 12, 1578.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_11" title="December 11">December 11</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Haarlem_(1572%E2%80%9373)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Haarlem (1572–73)">Siege of Haarlem</a> is begun by the <a href="/wiki/Fernando_%C3%81lvarez_de_Toledo,_3rd_Duke_of_Alba" title="Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba">Duke of Alva</a>, Spanish Army commander in the Netherlands, and lasts until July 13, 1573.<a href="#cite_note-Fergus-58">[58]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Date_unknown_3"> Date unknown</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1572&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Date unknown">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Neo-Inca_State" title="Neo-Inca State">Neo-Inca State</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vilcabamba,_Peru" title="Vilcabamba, Peru">Vilcabamba, Peru</a>, the last independent remnant of the <a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca Empire</a>, is conquered by Spain.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Mercuriale" title="Girolamo Mercuriale">Girolamo Mercuriale</a> from <a href="/wiki/Forl%C3%AC" title="Forlì">Forlì</a> (Italy) writes the work De morbis cutaneis ("On the diseases of the skin"), the first scientific tract on <a href="/wiki/Dermatology" title="Dermatology">dermatology</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imaginary_number" title="Imaginary number">Imaginary numbers</a> are defined by <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Bombelli" title="Rafael Bombelli">Rafael Bombelli</a>.</li> <li>Portugal's <a href="/wiki/National_epic" title="National epic">national epic</a> <a href="/wiki/Os_Lus%C3%ADadas" title="Os Lusíadas">Os Lusíadas</a> by <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_de_Cam%C3%B5es" title="Luís de Camões">Luís de Camões</a> is first published.<a href="#cite_note-WDL-59">[59]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Braun" title="Georg Braun">Georg Braun</a> begins publication of his urban <a href="/wiki/Atlas" title="Atlas">atlas</a>, Civitates orbis terrarum, in <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1573">1573</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1573" title="1573">1573</a>. (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1573&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1573&action=history">history</a>)</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="January–March_4"> January–March</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1573&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: January–March">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_25" title="January 25">January 25</a> (22nd day of 12th month of <a href="/wiki/Genki_(era)" title="Genki (era)">Genki 3</a> – At the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mikatagahara" title="Battle of Mikatagahara">Battle of Mikatagahara</a> in Japan, <a href="/wiki/Takeda_Shingen" title="Takeda Shingen">Takeda Shingen</a> defeats <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Ieyasu" title="Tokugawa Ieyasu">Tokugawa Ieyasu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_28" title="January 28">January 28</a> <ul><li>Articles of the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Confederation" title="Warsaw Confederation">Warsaw Confederation</a> are signed, sanctioning religious freedom in Poland.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Croatian%E2%80%93Slovene_Peasant_Revolt" title="Croatian–Slovene Peasant Revolt">Croatian–Slovene Peasant Revolt</a>, started by <a href="/wiki/Matija_Gubec" title="Matija Gubec">Matija Gubec</a>, breaks out against the Croatian nobility, but is suppressed after 18 days.<a href="#cite_note-Klaic-62">[62]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Wanli_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanli Era">Wanli Era</a> begins in <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> on the first New Year after 9-year-old <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Yijun" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhu Yijun">Zhu Yijun</a> ascends the throne.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_6" title="February 6">February 6</a> – In the battle of <a href="/wiki/Kerestinec" title="Kerestinec">Kerestinec</a>, General Gašpar Alapić defeats the rebel troops led by Gubec.<a href="#cite_note-Klaic-62">[62]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_9" title="February 9">February 9</a> – Croatian troops, led by General Alapic, defeat the peasant rebellion in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stubica_(1573)" title="Battle of Stubica (1573)">Battle of Stubica</a>, then begin a violent campaign of vengeance against the conquered rebels.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Rebellion leaders Matija Gubec and Ivan Pasanec are taken as prisoners of war for a trial for treason at <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_11" title="February 11">February 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fourth_War_of_Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth War of Religion">Fourth War of Religion</a>: France's Marshal <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Montmorency,_3rd_Duke_of_Montmorency" title="Henri de Montmorency, 3rd Duke of Montmorency">Henri de Montmorency</a>, begins the <a href="/wiki/Sommi%C3%A8res#Siege_of_Sommières_1573" title="Sommières">Siege of Sommières</a> in southern France. The <a href="/wiki/Huguenots" title="Huguenots">Huguenots</a>, French Protestants, hold out for almost two months against Montmorency's Catholic troops.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_15" title="February 15">February 15</a> – On orders of the Croatian Viceroy <a href="/wiki/Juraj_Dra%C5%A1kovi%C4%87" title="Juraj Drašković">Juraj Drašković</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matija_Gubec" title="Matija Gubec">Matija Gubec</a>, the defeated leader of the <a href="/wiki/Croatian%E2%80%93Slovene_Peasant_Revolt" title="Croatian–Slovene Peasant Revolt">Croatian–Slovene Peasant Revolt</a> is publicly tortured with the placement of a red-hot iron crown on his head, dragged through the streets of Zagreb, and then dismembered.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_16" title="February 16">February 16</a>–<a href="/wiki/March" title="March">March</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Noda_Castle" title="Siege of Noda Castle">siege of Noda Castle</a> begins near what is now the city of <a href="/wiki/Shinshiro" title="Shinshiro">Shinshiro</a> in Japan, after the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Takeda_clan" title="Takeda clan">Takeda clan</a>, the warlord <a href="/wiki/Takeda_Shingen" title="Takeda Shingen">Takeda Shingen</a>, is shot by a sniper after offering generous terms of surrender to the <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_clan" title="Tokugawa clan">Tokugawa clan</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Ieyasu" title="Tokugawa Ieyasu">Tokugawa Ieyasu</a>. By March 10, the Noda Castle surrenders.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_23" title="February 23">February 23</a>– In the province of Munster in Ireland, the first Desmond Rebellion, led by <a href="/wiki/James_FitzMaurice_FitzGerald" title="James FitzMaurice FitzGerald">James FitzMaurice FitzGerald</a>, cousin of the Earl of Desmond, ends at <a href="/wiki/Kilmallock" title="Kilmallock">Kilmallock</a> as FitzGerald makes a humiliating surrender to <a href="/wiki/John_Perrot" title="John Perrot">John Perrot</a>, the provincial leader.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_7" title="March 7">March 7</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Venetian_War_(1570%E2%80%931573)" title="Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–1573)">Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–1573)</a> is ended by a peace treaty, confirming the transfer of control of <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>,<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> and also confirming Turkish occupation of the more fertile region of <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="April–June_4"> April–June</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1573&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: April–June">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_1" title="April 1">April 1</a> – On his <a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake%27s_expedition_of_1572%E2%80%931573" title="Francis Drake's expedition of 1572–1573">expedition to the New World</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake" title="Francis Drake">Francis Drake</a> and his crew make their most lucrative capture by seizing a wagon train of silver at Panama, near the settlement of <a href="/wiki/Nombre_de_Dios,_Col%C3%B3n" title="Nombre de Dios, Colón">Nombre de Dios</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_5" title="April 5">April 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/1573_Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_royal_election" title="1573 Polish–Lithuanian royal election">1573 Polish–Lithuanian royal election</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Poland" title="Kingdom of Poland">Polish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Lithuanian</a> nobles gather at <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> to elect a successor to King <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_II_Augustus" title="Sigismund II Augustus">Sigismund II Augustus</a>, who had died the previous July 7.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> The vote comes down to four candidates, from France, the Holy Roman Empire, Sweden and Russia.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_9" title="April 9">April 9</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sommi%C3%A8res" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Sommières">Siege of Sommières</a> ends with the surrender of the Huguenot defenders, who are spared retaliation by General Montmorency, despite the loss of 2,500 royal troops.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_22" title="April 22">April 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Eighty Years' War">Eighty Years' War</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borsele" title="Battle of Borsele">Battle of Borsele</a> is fought as a fleet of Spanish ships is intercepted by Dutch Calvinist rebels (the <a href="/wiki/Geuzen" title="Geuzen">Geuzen</a>). While some of the ships are able to complete their mission of supplying the Spanish-governed Netherlands cities of <a href="/wiki/Middelburg,_Zeeland" title="Middelburg, Zeeland">Middelburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arnemuiden" title="Arnemuiden">Arnemuiden</a>, most are forced to retreat to <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Amberes</a> in the Spanish Netherlands, now Antwerp in Belgium.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_16" title="May 16">May 16</a>– The <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_France" title="Henry III of France">Henry, Duke of Anjou</a>, son of the late King <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_France" title="Henry II of France">Henry II of France</a> is elected to the throne of the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a> by the Polish nobility, after being nominated on May 11.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">May 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haarlemmermeer" title="Battle of Haarlemmermeer">Battle of Haarlemmermeer</a>: <a href="/wiki/Geuzen" title="Geuzen">Geuzen</a> ships, attempting to break the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Haarlem" title="Siege of Haarlem">siege of Haarlem</a>, are defeated by a combined Spanish and Amsterdam fleet.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_24" title="June 24">June 24</a> – After <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_France" title="Henry III of France">Henry, Duke of Anjou</a> learns that he has been elected the King of Poland, he agrees to negotiate an end to the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_La_Rochelle_(1572%E2%80%931573)" title="Siege of La Rochelle (1572–1573)">Siege of La Rochelle</a>, which has continued for almost nine months against the Huguenots in the western French city, and reaches an agreement with the Huguenot defender, the <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_de_Lorges,_Count_of_Montgomery" title="Gabriel de Lorges, Count of Montgomery">Count of Montgomery</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="July–September_4"> July–September</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1573&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: July–September">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_6" title="July 6">July 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Argentina" title="Córdoba, Argentina">Córdoba</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Peru" title="Viceroyalty of Peru">Viceroyalty of Peru</a>, is founded by <a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimo_Luis_de_Cabrera" title="Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera">Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Henderson2000-72">[72]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_11" title="July 11">July 11</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Boulogne" title="Edict of Boulogne">Edict of Boulogne</a> is signed by <a href="/wiki/Charles_IX_of_France" title="Charles IX of France">Charles IX of France</a>, granting limited rights to <a href="/wiki/Huguenot" class="mw-redirect" title="Huguenot">Huguenots</a>, and ending the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_War_of_Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth War of Religion">Fourth War of Religion</a> in France.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_12" title="July 12">July 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Haarlem_(1572%E2%80%9373)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Haarlem (1572–73)">Siege of Haarlem</a>: Spanish forces under the <a href="/wiki/Fernando_%C3%81lvarez_de_Toledo,_3rd_Duke_of_Alba" title="Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba">Duke of Alva</a> capture <a href="/wiki/Haarlem" title="Haarlem">Haarlem</a>, after a seven-month siege.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_21" title="August 21">August 21</a> – The Duke of Alva begins the siege of <a href="/wiki/Alkmaar" title="Alkmaar">Alkmaar</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_Holland" title="North Holland">North Holland</a>, before retreating after seven weeks.<a href="#cite_note-alkmaar-75">[75]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_27" title="August 27">August 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Oda_Nobunaga" title="Oda Nobunaga">Oda Nobunaga</a> drives the 15th Ashikaga shōgun <a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_Yoshiaki" title="Ashikaga Yoshiaki">Ashikaga Yoshiaki</a> out of <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a>, effectively destroying the Ashikaga shogunate, and historically ending the <a href="/wiki/Muromachi_period" title="Muromachi period">Muromachi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sengoku_period" title="Sengoku period">Sengoku periods</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Azuchi%E2%80%93Momoyama_period" title="Azuchi–Momoyama period">Azuchi–Momoyama period</a> of Japan begins.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_16" title="September 16">September 16</a> – In Japan, elimination of the <a href="/wiki/Asakura_clan" title="Asakura clan">Asakura clan</a> is completed by Oda Nobunaga after the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Hikida_Castle" title="Siege of Hikida Castle">siege of Hikida Castle</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ichij%C5%8Ddani_Castle" title="Siege of Ichijōdani Castle">siege of Ichijōdani Castle</a> are completed in eight days.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_26" title="September 26">September 26</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Azai_clan" title="Azai clan">Azai clan</a> is eliminated by Oda Nobunaga after the four day <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Odani_Castle" title="Siege of Odani Castle">siege of Odani Castle</a> in Japan.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="October–December_4"> October–December</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1573&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: October–December">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_8" title="October 8">October 8</a> – The Spanish abandon the siege of the city of <a href="/wiki/Alkmaar" title="Alkmaar">Alkmaar</a> and concede the city to the Geuzen, the Dutch Calvinist rebels.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_11" title="October 11">October 11</a> – The Spanish under John of Austria take <a href="/wiki/Tunis#Spanish_occupation_and_Ottoman_control" title="Tunis">Tunis</a> with little resistance.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_15" title="November 15">November 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_Argentina" title="Santa Fe, Argentina">Santa Fe, Argentina</a>, is founded by <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Garay" title="Juan de Garay">Juan de Garay</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Henderson2000-72">[72]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_29" title="November 29">November 29</a> – The Duke of Alva resigns as the Spanish Governor-General of the Netherlands, and is succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Luis_de_Requesens_y_Z%C3%BA%C3%B1iga" title="Luis de Requesens y Zúñiga">Luis de Requesens</a>, who attempts to pursue a more conciliatory policy.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_3" title="December 3">December 3</a> – The French Duke of Anjou, recently elected as King Henry of Poland, departs from <a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a> with an entourage of 1,200 people, arriving at <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a> on February 18.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_11" title="December 11">December 11</a> – The Governor of Portuguese India issues an edict depriving <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> followers of most rights, including the right to receive Jonoa, the share of the village community income.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_17" title="December 17">December 17</a> – Portuguese colonists are expelled from the <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a>, where Portugal has had a presence since 1558, by order of the Sultan's son, Mohamed Bodu Takurufanu al-Azam.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a> – In the Republic of Venice, the Council of Ten votes to grant safe conduct to Venice for Spanish and Portuguese Jews.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Date_unknown_4"> Date unknown</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1573&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Date unknown">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarsa_Dengel" title="Sarsa Dengel">Sarsa Dengel</a>, emperor of <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, defeats the <a href="/wiki/Oromo_people" title="Oromo people">Oromo</a> in a battle near <a href="/wiki/Lake_Zway" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Zway">Lake Zway</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a></li> <li>The first <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish</a> galleon, laden with <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Porcelain" title="Porcelain">porcelain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">silk</a> trade with the <a href="/wiki/Ming_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming Dynasty">Ming Dynasty</a> of China, lands at <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> This occasion marks the beginning of the Spanish silver trade to China, that will trump that of the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese</a>, the latter of whom acted as an intermediary between the silver mines of Japan, and the luxury items in China to be purchased with that silver. Most of the silver entering China comes from what is now Mexico, <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> in the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Luzhou_Laojiao" title="Luzhou Laojiao">Luzhou Laojiao</a> liquor is made. <a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth%27s_Grammar_School_for_Boys" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School for Boys">Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School for Boys</a>, <a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Barnet" title="London Borough of Barnet">Barnet</a>, England, is formed.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1574">1574</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1574" title="1574">1574</a>. (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1574&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1574&action=history">history</a>)</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="January–March_5"> January–March</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1574&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: January–March">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_22" title="January 22">January 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abu_Abdallah_Mohammed_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Abdallah Mohammed II">Abu Abdallah Mohammed II</a> becomes the new <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Morocco" title="List of rulers of Morocco">Sultan of Morocco</a> upon the death of his father, <a href="/wiki/Abdallah_al-Ghalib" title="Abdallah al-Ghalib">Abdallah al-Ghalib</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_27" title="January 27">January 27</a> – At <a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhagwant_Das" title="Bhagwant Das">Bhagwant Das</a> becomes the new Maharaja of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Amber" title="Kingdom of Amber">Kingdom of Amber</a> in what is now India's state of <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>, upon the death of his grandfather, the Raja <a href="/wiki/Bharmal" title="Bharmal">Bharmal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_29" title="January 29">January 29</a> – Off of the coast of the Netherlands, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Scheldt_(1574)" title="Battle of the Scheldt (1574)">Battle of the Scheldt</a> is fought between the Spanish Fleet and a combined Dutch and English fleet of ships. The Spanish Navy loses 15 ships and 1,200 men are killed, wounded or captured.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February" title="February">February</a> – The fifth <a href="/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion" title="French Wars of Religion">War of Religion</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Huguenot" class="mw-redirect" title="Huguenot">Huguenots</a> begins in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2" title="March 2">March 2</a> – Swedish troops <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Wesenberg_(1574)" title="Siege of Wesenberg (1574)">attack Wesenberg Castle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> and lose at least 1,000 men in attempting to capture it from the Russian Army.<a href="#cite_note-Peterson-91">[91]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_17" title="March 17">March 17</a> – Within the Swedish Army, a fight between Scottish and German mercenaries is fought. By the end of the battle, several hundred Scots are dead, compared to 30 Germans.<a href="#cite_note-Peterson-91">[91]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="April–June_5"> April–June</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1574&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: April–June">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_14" title="April 14">April 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mookerheyde" title="Battle of Mookerheyde">Battle of Mookerheyde</a>: <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a> forces under Sancho de Avila defeat the rebel forces of <a href="/wiki/Louis_of_Nassau" title="Louis of Nassau">Louis of Nassau</a>, who is killed.<a href="#cite_note-Edwards1960-92">[92]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April" title="April">April</a> – The fort of <a href="/wiki/Narnala" title="Narnala">Narnala</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan</a> falls to the <a href="/wiki/Ahmadnagar_Sultanate" title="Ahmadnagar Sultanate">Ahmadnagar Sultanate</a>, and with it the <a href="/wiki/Berar_sultanate" title="Berar sultanate">Berar sultanate</a> is annexed by Ahmadnagar.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_30" title="May 30">May 30</a> – On the death of <a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">King</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_IX_of_France" title="Charles IX of France">Charles IX of France</a> of a tubercular condition at the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Vincennes" title="Château de Vincennes">Château de Vincennes</a>, he is succeeded by his brother King <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_France" title="Henry III of France">Henry of Poland</a>, who becomes King <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_France" title="Henry III of France">Henry III of France</a>. His mother, <a href="/wiki/Catherine_de%27_Medici" title="Catherine de' Medici">Catherine de' Medici</a>, acts as <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">Regent</a>, until <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_France" title="Henry III of France">Henry</a> arrives from <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Buisseret1972-94">[94]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> <ul><li>Construction of <a href="/wiki/The_White_Tower_(Czech_Republic)" title="The White Tower (Czech Republic)">The White Tower</a> begins in the Czech Republic.<a href="#cite_note-Bílá_věž1-95">[95]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> gains cityhood.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="July–September_5"> July–September</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1574&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: July–September">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_12" title="July 12">July 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Selim_II" title="Selim II">Selim II</a>, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, launches the attempt to <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Tunis_(1574)" title="Conquest of Tunis (1574)">reclaim Tunis from control of the Holy Roman Empire</a> with more than 250 warships and 100,000 troops, and to restore North Africa to Muslim control.<a href="#cite_note-KMS-96">[96]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a> – In <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_George,_Elector_of_Brandenburg" title="John George, Elector of Brandenburg">John George, Elector of Brandenburg</a>, orders the founding of the <a href="/wiki/Evangelisches_Gymnasium_zum_Grauen_Kloster" title="Evangelisches Gymnasium zum Grauen Kloster">Evangelisches Gymnasium zum Grauen Kloster</a>, which remains 450 years later as one of the most prestigious preparatory schools in Germany.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_26" title="July 26">July 26</a> – Kılıç Ali Pasha begins construction of an Ottoman fortress on the coastline of <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, directly across <a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a> in mainland Spain.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_24" title="August 24">August 24</a> – The Tunisian port of <a href="/wiki/La_Goulette" title="La Goulette">La Goulette</a> falls to Ottoman troops after six weeks.<a href="#cite_note-Garcés-98">[98]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_30" title="August 30">August 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Guru_Ram_Das" title="Guru Ram Das">Guru Ram Das</a> becomes the fourth of the <a href="/wiki/Sikh_gurus" title="Sikh gurus">Sikh gurus</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_13" title="September 13">September 13</a> – The last Holy Roman Imperial defenders surrender <a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a> to the Ottoman General <a href="/wiki/C%C4%B1%C4%9Falazade_Yusuf_Sinan_Pasha" title="Cığalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha">Cığalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Garcés-98">[98]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September" title="September">September</a> – A plot to assassinate <a href="/wiki/John_III_of_Sweden" title="John III of Sweden">John III of Sweden</a> is discovered, headed by <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Mornay" title="Charles de Mornay">Charles de Mornay</a> and implicating <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dancay" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Dancay">Charles Dancay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hogenskild_Bielke" title="Hogenskild Bielke">Hogenskild Bielke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Ban%C3%A9r" title="Gustaf Banér">Gustaf Banér</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontus_De_la_Gardie" title="Pontus De la Gardie">Pontus De la Gardie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Princess_Elizabeth_of_Sweden" title="Princess Elizabeth of Sweden">Princess Elizabeth of Sweden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Princess_Cecilia_of_Sweden" title="Princess Cecilia of Sweden">Princess Cecilia of Sweden</a>, and Duke Charles.<a href="#cite_note-tegenborg2010-99">[99]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="October–December_5"> October–December</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1574&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: October–December">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_3" title="October 3">October 3</a> – The city of <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leiden" title="Siege of Leiden">besieged</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a>, is relieved by a <a href="/wiki/Sea_Beggars" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea Beggars">Sea Beggars</a> fleet under Louis Boisot.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_22" title="November 22">November 22</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Islands" title="Juan Fernández Islands">Juan Fernández Islands</a> in the South <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a> are discovered by <a href="/wiki/Spanish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish people">Spanish</a> sailor <a href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_(explorer)" title="Juan Fernández (explorer)">Juan Fernández</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_29" title="November 29">November 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Limahong" title="Limahong">Limahong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Salcedo" title="Juan de Salcedo">Juan de Salcedo</a> quarrel during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_(1574)" title="Battle of Manila (1574)">Battle of Manila</a>.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_15" title="December 15">December 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Selim_II" title="Selim II">Selim II</a>, the 50-year-old Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, is killed after becoming drunk, falling, and fracturing his skull on the floor of the Topkapi Palace.<a href="#cite_note-Darke-104">[104]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_22" title="December 22">December 22</a> – Prince Murad bin-Selim of the Ottoman Empire completes the murders, by <a href="/wiki/Strangulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Strangulation">strangulation</a>, of his four younger brothers, Süleyman, Abdüllah, Osman, and Cihangir.<a href="#cite_note-Darke-104">[104]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_27" title="December 27">December 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Murad_III" title="Murad III">Murad III</a>, eldest son of <a href="/wiki/Selim_II" title="Selim II">Selim II</a>, is formally enthroned as the Ottoman Sultan after eliminating his other brothers as rival claimants to the throne.<a href="#cite_note-Darke-104">[104]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Undated"> Undated</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1574&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Undated">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_El-Mirza_of_Kakheti" title="Prince El-Mirza of Kakheti">Prince El-Mirza of Kakheti</a> is defeated in his bid for the throne by his half-brother, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Kakheti" title="Alexander II of Kakheti">Alexander II</a>.</li> <li>The Liturgical Battle royal between the Reformation and Counter Reformation begins in Sweden, and continues until the <a href="/wiki/Uppsala_Synod" title="Uppsala Synod">Uppsala Synod</a> of <a href="/wiki/1593" title="1593">1593</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Alameda,_Seville" class="mw-redirect" title="La Alameda, Seville">La Alameda, Seville</a>, is laid out in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, as <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>'s first public garden.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1575">1575</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1575" title="1575">1575</a>. (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1575&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1575&action=history">history</a>)</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="January–March_6"> January–March</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1575&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: January–March">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_21" title="January 21">January 21</a> – Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">Elizabeth I of England</a> grants a monopoly on producing printed <a href="/wiki/Sheet_music" title="Sheet music">sheet music</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tallis" title="Thomas Tallis">Thomas Tallis</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Byrd" title="William Byrd">William Byrd</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">February 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_I_of_Orange" class="mw-redirect" title="William I of Orange">William I of Orange</a> founds <a href="/wiki/Leiden_University" title="Leiden University">Leiden University</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_11" title="February 11">February 11</a> – Portuguese explorer <a href="/wiki/Paulo_Dias_de_Novais" title="Paulo Dias de Novais">Paulo Dias de Novais</a> arrives in southeastern Africa to colonize what is now Angola.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">February 13</a> – The formal coronation of <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_France" title="Henry III of France">Henry III</a> as <a href="/wiki/King_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="King of France">King of France</a> takes place at the <a href="/wiki/Reims_Cathedral" title="Reims Cathedral">Reims Cathedral</a>. Henry inherited the throne on May 30, 1574, upon the death of his older brother, <a href="/wiki/Charles_IX_of_France" title="Charles IX of France">Charles IX</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Crawford2010-108">[108]</a> He marries <a href="/wiki/Louise_de_Lorraine-Vaud%C3%A9mont" class="mw-redirect" title="Louise de Lorraine-Vaudémont">Louise de Lorraine-Vaudémont</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Crawford2010-108">[108]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_3" title="March 3">March 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tukaroi" title="Battle of Tukaroi">Battle of Tukaroi</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a> decisively defeats the <a href="/wiki/Karrani_dynasty" title="Karrani dynasty">Karrani dynasty</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a>. The battle took place near the village of Tukaroi in present-day Balasore District of Odisha.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="April–June_6"> April–June</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1575&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: April–June">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_2" title="April 2">April 2</a> – English <a href="/wiki/Privateer" title="Privateer">privateer</a> <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Horseley" title="Gilbert Horseley">Gilbert Horseley</a> and his crew sail into the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Honduras" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay of Honduras">Bay of Honduras</a> in Central America and conduct three days of raids of Spanish settlements and ships.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_6" title="April 6">April 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antoine_I_de_Gramont" title="Antoine I de Gramont">Antoine I de Gramont</a>, Lord Sovereign of the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Bidache" title="Principality of Bidache">Principality of Bidache</a> in the French Pyrennees Mountains, promulgates a legal code for his people.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_18" title="April 18">April 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bayinnaung" title="Bayinnaung">Bayinnaung</a>, King of Burma, returns to his capital at <a href="/wiki/Bago,_Myanmar" title="Bago, Myanmar">Pegu</a> from <a href="/wiki/Vientiane" title="Vientiane">Vientiane</a> after installing <a href="/wiki/Voravongsa_I" title="Voravongsa I">Voravongsa I</a> as the Burmese-appointed monarch of the Kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Lan_Xang" title="Lan Xang">Lan Xang</a> (now Laos).<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_12" title="May 12">May 12</a> – KIng <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_France" title="Henry III of France">Henry III of France</a>, who had been selected in 1573 by the nobles of Poland and Lithuania to be King of Poland as Henryk Walezy, is stripped of his Polish and Lithuanian titles after failing to return to <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a> by the deadline imposed by the Polish nobility.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_24" title="May 24">May 24</a> – In an attempt to reform the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a>, Lutheran missionaries meet with <a href="/wiki/Jeremias_II_of_Constantinople" title="Jeremias II of Constantinople">Jeremias II Tranos</a>, the Ecumenical Patriarch, at his residence in <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, and present him with a Greek translation of the <a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Confession" title="Augsburg Confession">Augsburg Confession</a>.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Jeremias sends the missionaries, <a href="/wiki/Jakob_Andreae" title="Jakob Andreae">Jakob Andreae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Crusius" title="Martin Crusius">Martin Crusius</a>, three rebuttals to define the objections he has to the Lutheran document, declaring the reasons why the Eastern Orthodoxy has no desire for reformation.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_24" title="June 24">June 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_I_of_Orange" class="mw-redirect" title="William I of Orange">William I of Orange</a> marries <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_of_Bourbon" title="Charlotte of Bourbon">Charlotte of Bourbon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_28" title="June 28">June 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nagashino" title="Battle of Nagashino">Battle of Nagashino</a>: <a href="/wiki/Oda_Nobunaga" title="Oda Nobunaga">Oda Nobunaga</a> defeats <a href="/wiki/Takeda_Katsuyori" title="Takeda Katsuyori">Takeda Katsuyori</a> in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>'s first modern battle.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="July–September_6"> July–September</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1575&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: July–September">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_7" title="July 7">July 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Raid_of_the_Redeswire" title="Raid of the Redeswire">Raid of the Redeswire</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Carmichael" title="Sir John Carmichael">Sir John Carmichael</a> defeats <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Forster" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir John Forster">Sir John Forster</a>, in the last battle between England and Scotland.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_26" title="July 26">July 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Grindal" title="Edmund Grindal">Edmund Grindal</a> succeeds <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Parker" title="Matthew Parker">Matthew Parker</a> as <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a>.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_5" title="August 5">August 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Sidney" title="Henry Sidney">Henry Sidney</a> is appointed <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Ireland" title="Lord Lieutenant of Ireland">Lord Lieutenant of Ireland</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_22" title="September 22">September 22</a> <ul><li>Paulo Dias de Novais becomes the first Portuguese Governor of Angola.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a></li> <li>Ottoman forces led by <a href="/wiki/Ferhad_Pasha_Sokolovi%C4%87" title="Ferhad Pasha Sokolović">Ferhad Pasha Sokolović</a> defeat the Austrian Army, led by <a href="/wiki/Herbard_VIII_von_Auersperg" title="Herbard VIII von Auersperg">Herbard VIII von Auersperg</a>, in the Battle of Budačka. Auersperg is decapitated and Ferhad Pasha leaves Croatia with the head as a trophy.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> –As a result of the Eighty Years' War, the government of the Kingdom of Spain is in bankruptcy and stops paying its troops, beginning in March.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_25" title="September 25">September 25</a> – At <a href="/wiki/St._Vitus_Cathedral" title="St. Vitus Cathedral">St. Vitus Cathedral</a> in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolf of Habsburg</a>, son of the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II, is crowned <a href="/wiki/List_of_Bohemian_monarchs" title="List of Bohemian monarchs">King of Bohemia</a> by the Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Brus_of_Mohelnice" title="Antonín Brus of Mohelnice">Antonín Brus of Mohelnice</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_26" title="September 26">September 26</a> – Future Spanish author and playwright <a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Cervantes" title="Miguel de Cervantes">Miguel de Cervantes</a>, then 28, is taken hostage by the Ottoman Albanian pirate <a href="/wiki/Arnaut_Mami" title="Arnaut Mami">Arnaut Mami</a> after an attack on the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Galley" title="Galley">galley</a> Sol off of the Catalan coast. Cervantes spends the next five years as a slave in Algeria before his family pays a ransom to free him.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="October–December_6"> October–December</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1575&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: October–December">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_10" title="October 10">October 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dormans" title="Battle of Dormans">Battle of Dormans</a>: <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> forces under <a href="/wiki/Henry_I,_Duke_of_Guise" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry I, Duke of Guise">Henry I, Duke of Guise</a> defeat the <a href="/wiki/Protestants" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestants">Protestants</a>, capturing <a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_Mornay" title="Philippe de Mornay">Philippe de Mornay</a> among others.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_22" title="October 22">October 22</a> – The city of Villa de la Asunción (today <a href="/wiki/Aguascalientes_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Aguascalientes City">Aguascalientes</a>) is founded in <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a>, by permission from <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_8" title="November 8">November 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/1576_Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_royal_election" title="1576 Polish–Lithuanian royal election">The Sejm of Poland meets in Warsaw</a> to elect a new <a href="/wiki/King_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Poland">King of Poland</a> after <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_France" title="Henry III of France">King Henryk</a> has failed to return from France, and considers 11 candidates.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9" title="November 9">November 9</a> – Ferhad Pasha Sokolović returns to Constantinople in triumph with the head of General Auersperg as a trophy after his September 22 victory at Budecka.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_22" title="November 22">November 22</a> – Portuguese navigator <a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Mesquita_Perestrelo" title="Manuel de Mesquita Perestrelo">Manuel de Mesquita Perestrelo</a> departs from <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> on a mission for to map the coastline, completing the task on March 13.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_12" title="December 12">December 12</a> – Under pressure from Papal nuncio <a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Lauro" title="Vincenzo Lauro">Vincenzo Lauro</a> when a majority of the Sejm has still not agreed on a candidate, the <a href="/wiki/Primate_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Primate of Poland">Primate of Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jakub_Ucha%C5%84ski" title="Jakub Uchański">Jakub Uchański</a>, declares Maximilian II new King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">December 16</a> – An <a href="/wiki/1575_Valdivia_earthquake" title="1575 Valdivia earthquake">earthquake</a> hits <a href="/wiki/Valdivia" title="Valdivia">Valdivia</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Date_unknown_5"> Date unknown</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1575&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Date unknown">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a> occupy <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu" title="Pärnu">Pernau</a> in western <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>, and the fortress of <a href="/wiki/Paide" title="Paide">Weissenstein</a>.</li> <li>The seat of the <a href="/wiki/Audiencia_Real" class="mw-redirect" title="Audiencia Real">Audiencia Real</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> moves from <a href="/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n,_Chile" title="Concepción, Chile">Concepción</a> to <a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Ortelius" title="Abraham Ortelius">Abraham Ortelius</a> becomes a geographer to <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Bubonic_plague" title="Bubonic plague">bubonic plague</a> decimates <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>.</li> <li>Captains of vessels flying the Spanish flag are legally required to maintain a <a href="/wiki/Logbook" title="Logbook">logbook</a>.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1576">1576</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1576" title="1576">1576</a>. (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1576&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1576&action=history">history</a>)</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="January–March_7"> January–March</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1576&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: January–March">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_20" title="January 20">January 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Enr%C3%ADquez_de_Almanza" title="Martín Enríquez de Almanza">Martín Enríquez de Almanza</a>, Viceroy of <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a>, founds the settlement of <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Guanajuato" title="León, Guanajuato">León</a>, in what is later the state of Guanajuato in Mexico.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_25" title="January 25">January 25</a> – Portuguese explorer <a href="/wiki/Paulo_Dias_de_Novais" title="Paulo Dias de Novais">Paulo Dias de Novais</a> founds the settlement of São Paulo da Assumpção de Loanda on the southwestern coast of Africa, now <a href="/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda">Luanda</a>, capital of <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a>.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_5" title="February 5">February 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">King Henry of Navarre</a>, captive in France since 1572 and alive only because he converted to Catholicism, escapes to <a href="/wiki/Tours" title="Tours">Tours</a> and formally reverts to the Protestant faith. Dupuy, Trevor N.; Johnson, Curt; Bongard, David L. (1995).<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">February 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Wentworth" title="Peter Wentworth">Peter Wentworth</a>, a Puritan M.P. of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_England" title="Parliament of England">Parliament of England</a>, is arrested in the middle of giving an address criticizing "rumours and messages" given to suppress freedom of speech. When he says that "the devil was the first author of them, from whom proceedeth nothing but wickedness", he is interrupted and taken to the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a> for imprisonment.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_11" title="March 11">March 11</a> – The city of <a href="/wiki/Fez,_Morocco" title="Fez, Morocco">Fez</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Saadi_Sultanate" title="Saadi Sultanate">Saadi Sultanate</a> in what is now Morocco <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Fez_(1576)" title="Capture of Fez (1576)">is captured by Ottoman forces</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Abu_Marwan_Abd_al-Malik_I_Saadi" title="Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik I Saadi">Abd al-Malik</a>, in an attempt to overthrow the Sultan <a href="/wiki/Abu_Abdallah_Mohammed_II_Saadi" title="Abu Abdallah Mohammed II Saadi">Muhammed al-Mutawakkil</a> and to make the Sultanate a vassal of the Ottoman Empire.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="April–June_7"> April–June</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1576&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: April–June">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_14" title="April 14">April 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ishiyama_Hongan-ji_War" title="Ishiyama Hongan-ji War">Ishiyama Hongan-ji War</a>: In <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, the Third Battle of Ishiyama begins as <a href="/wiki/Oda_Nobunaga" title="Oda Nobunaga">Oda Nobunaga</a> sends 10,000 soldiers against the <a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_shogunate" title="Ashikaga shogunate">Ashikaga shogunate</a> to capture the Honganji Temple.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">April 25</a> – Documents for the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Delft" title="Union of Delft">Union of Delft</a> are signed by Dutch leader <a href="/wiki/William_the_Silent" title="William the Silent">Willem van Oranj</a> to create a federation of <a href="/wiki/Holland" title="Holland">Holland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zeeland" title="Zeeland">Zeeland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1" title="May 1">May 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stephen_B%C3%A1thory" title="Stephen Báthory">Stephen Báthory</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hungarians" title="Hungarians">Hungarian</a> Prince of <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a>, is crowned king of Poland.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_6" title="May 6">May 6</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Beaulieu" title="Edict of Beaulieu">Edict of Beaulieu</a>, negotiated by Monsieur Francois, <a href="/wiki/Francis,_Duke_of_Anjou" title="Francis, Duke of Anjou">Duke of Anjou</a> and brother of King <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_France" title="Henry III of France">Henry III of France</a>, ends the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_War_of_Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifth War of Religion">Fifth War of Religion</a>. By the terms of the "Peace of Monsieur" that led to agreement on the Edict, freedom of worship is granted again to the Protestant Hugueonots.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_14" title="May 14">May 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tahmasp_I" title="Tahmasp I">Tahmasp I</a>, the Shah of <a href="/wiki/Safavid_Iran" title="Safavid Iran">Safavid Iran</a> for almost 52 years, is accidentally poisoned after being treated by the palace physician, Abu Naser Gilani. Tahmasp's death is followed by a deadly struggle for control of Iran.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_15" title="May 15">May 15</a> – Tahmap's son <a href="/wiki/Haydar_Mirza_Safavi" title="Haydar Mirza Safavi">Haydar Mirza Safavi</a> declares himself the new Safavid Shah of Iran, the day after the death of his father. Later in the day, Haydar is assassinated by members of the palace guard who are loyal to Haydar's brother, <a href="/wiki/Ismail_II" title="Ismail II">Ismail Mirza</a>.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> Haydar attempts to disguise himself as a woman in the royal harem, but is discovered and beheaded.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_27" title="May 27">May 27</a> – An attempt by the Dutch Republic to end the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Zierikzee" title="Siege of Zierikzee">Siege of Zierikzee</a> and free the city from Spain fails after Spanish forces are tipped off about a surprise attack. Dutch Admiral <a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_de_Boisot" class="extiw" title="nl:Louis de Boisot">Lodewijk van Boisot</a> is killed in the battle.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a> – Dutch forces withdraw from their attempt to free Zierikzee, and the city is left to defend itself. The defenders then begin negotiations with the Spanish attackers, commanded by General <a href="/wiki/Crist%C3%B3bal_de_Mondrag%C3%B3n" title="Cristóbal de Mondragón">Cristóbal de Mondragón</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">June 18</a> – In the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haldighati" title="Battle of Haldighati">Battle of Haldighati</a> in India, Mughal Imperial forces, led by <a href="/wiki/Man_Singh_I" title="Man Singh I">Man Singh I</a> of Amer, decisively defeat the <a href="/wiki/Mewar_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Mewar Kingdom">Mewar Kingdom</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Maharana_Pratap" title="Maharana Pratap">Maharana Pratap</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="July–September_7"> July–September</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1576&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: July–September">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alonso_de_Sol%C3%ADs" title="Alonso de Solís">Alonso de Solís</a>, who was appointed by Spain as Governor of the colony of <a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Florida" title="List of colonial governors of Florida">La Florida</a>, is killed in the colonial capital at <a href="/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida" title="St. Augustine, Florida">San Augustin</a>, now the U.S. city of St. Augustine, Florida.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_11" title="July 11">July 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">English</a> navigator <a href="/wiki/Martin_Frobisher" title="Martin Frobisher">Martin Frobisher</a> sights <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_12" title="July 12">July 12</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a> annexes <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a> after defeating the <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Sultanate" title="Bengal Sultanate">Bengal Sultanate</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rajmahal" title="Battle of Rajmahal">Battle of Rajmahal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Richards1996-129">[129]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_25" title="July 25">July 25</a> – Rebellious Spanish troops <a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plundering_van_Aalst" class="extiw" title="nl:Plundering van Aalst">plunder the Flemish city</a> of <a href="/wiki/Aalst,_Belgium" title="Aalst, Belgium">Aalst</a> and then use it as their base of operations to attack other cities.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Zierikzee" title="Siege of Zierikzee">Siege of Zierikzee</a> in the Netherlands ends with the surrender of the defenders to the Spanish Army.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_11" title="August 11">August 11</a> – English navigator <a href="/wiki/Martin_Frobisher" title="Martin Frobisher">Martin Frobisher</a>, on his search for the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Passage" title="Northwest Passage">Northwest Passage</a> through North America, enters the <a href="/wiki/Frobisher_Bay" title="Frobisher Bay">bay now named after him</a> in Canada.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> – On the island of <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABsh%C5%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyūshū">Kyūshū</a> in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, near what is now <a href="/wiki/Takaharu,_Miyazaki" title="Takaharu, Miyazaki">Takaharu, Miyazaki</a> prefecture, <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F%E5%9F%8E" class="extiw" title="ja:高原城">Takahara Castle</a> of the <a href="/wiki/It%C5%8D_clan" title="Itō clan">Itō clan</a> is captured by 30,000 men led by the warlord <a href="/wiki/Shimazu_Yoshihisa" title="Shimazu Yoshihisa">Shimazu Yoshihisa</a>, after a siege of four days.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ismail_II" title="Ismail II">Ismail Mirza</a>, who has proclaimed himself the Shah of <a href="/wiki/Safavid_Iran" title="Safavid Iran">Safavid Iran</a>, marches into the capital at <a href="/wiki/Qazvin" title="Qazvin">Qazvin</a> and ascends the throne as Shah Ismail II.<a href="#cite_note-Ghereghlou-130">[130]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2" title="September 2">September 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Simeon_Bekbulatovich" title="Simeon Bekbulatovich">Simeon Bekbulatovich</a>, who has served since the previous October as the Grand Prince of All Russia after the <a href="/wiki/Ivan_the_Terrible" title="Ivan the Terrible">Tsar Ivan IV</a> ("Ivan the Terrible") had taken leave of absence from the throne, steps down as Ivan returns to Moscow. Ivan rewards Bekbulatovich with the title of Grand Prince of Tver.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_4" title="September 4">September 4</a> – In <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, rebels led by Jacques de Glymes of Brabant arrest the members of the Council of State that administers the city.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a> – The <a href="/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands" title="States General of the Netherlands">States General of the Netherlands</a> is convened by the leaders of the <a href="/wiki/States_of_Brabant" title="States of Brabant">States of Brabant</a> and the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Hainaut" title="County of Hainaut">County of Hainaut</a> in order to respond to mutineering Spanish troops.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_10" title="September 10">September 10</a> – After a siege that has lasted a year and two days, the Spanish Army abandons its siege of the Dutch city of <a href="/wiki/Woerden" title="Woerden">Woerden</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_16" title="September 16">September 16</a> – The States of Flanders convene a meeting near <a href="/wiki/Ghent" title="Ghent">Ghent</a>, where the Roman Catholic clergy, led by Martinus Rythovius, insist on measures to protect the practice of the Catholic faith in the predominantly Protestant Low Countries.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="October–December_7"> October–December</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1576&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: October–December">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_12" title="October 12">October 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian II</a>, ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> and most of Central Europe since 1564, dies suddenly in <a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a> while preparing for an Imperial invasion of Poland. Maximilian's 24-year-old son <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolf, King of the Romans</a> as well as the King of Hungary and of Bohemia, proceeds to <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> to assume the Imperial Throne.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_20" title="October 20">October 20</a> – Spanish rebels <a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaanse_Furie_(Maastricht)" class="extiw" title="nl:Spaanse Furie (Maastricht)">plunder the city of Maastricht</a> in Flanders and kill many of the civilian residents in what is later called the "Spaanse Furie" or Fury of Spain.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">October 26</a> – In Germany, <a href="/wiki/Louis_VI,_Elector_Palatine" title="Louis VI, Elector Palatine">Ludwig of Simmern</a> becomes the new <a href="/wiki/List_of_Counts_Palatine_of_the_Rhine" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Counts Palatine of the Rhine">Elector Palatine of the Rhine</a> 10 days after the death of his father, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Elector_Palatine" title="Frederick III, Elector Palatine">Frederick III</a>, taking office at the Palatinate capital at <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a> as Ludwig VI.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1" title="November 1">November 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolf II">Rudolf II</a> is crowned <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">November 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Eighty Years' War">Eighty Years' War</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Antwerp" title="Sack of Antwerp">Sack of Antwerp</a>: In the <a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a>, mutinous <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Spain" title="Habsburg Spain">Spanish</a> soldiers sack <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>; after three days the city is nearly destroyed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_8" title="November 8">November 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pacification_of_Ghent" title="Pacification of Ghent">Pacification of Ghent</a>: The <a href="/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands" title="States General of the Netherlands">States General of the Netherlands</a> meet and unite to oppose pillaging Spanish mutineers.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9" title="November 9">November 9</a> – Shah Ismail II of Iran begins the execution of all persons whom he believes are a threat to his rule, starting with his half-brothers <a href="/wiki/Suleiman_Mirza_(son_of_Tahmasp_I)" title="Suleiman Mirza (son of Tahmasp I)">Suleiman Mirza</a>, Governor of Shiraz, and Mustafa Mirza. Over the next seven months, Ismail arranges the execution of six other half-brothers, Mustafa, Junayd, Mahmud, Qoli, Ahmad, and Murza.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_6" title="December 6">December 6</a> – Representatives of France's three estates convene at the <a href="/wiki/Estates_General_of_1576" title="Estates General of 1576">Estates General of 1576</a> in <a href="/wiki/Blois" title="Blois">Blois</a> at the invitation of <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_France" title="Henry III of France">King Henri III</a>. Of the 383 delegates, the 187 of the Third Estate (commoners) narrowly vote in favor of outlawing Protestantism and expelling Protestant pastors from the kingdom, while the 110 of the First Estate (clergy) and 86 of the Second Estate (the nobility) strongly oppose ending hostility in the name of religious tolerance.<a href="#cite_note-Knecht-132">[132]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_19" title="December 19">December 19</a> – Representatives of the nobility of the Second Estate vote in favor of outlawing Protestantism in France.<a href="#cite_note-Knecht-132">[132]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_22" title="December 22">December 22</a> – Representatives of the clergy of the First Estate join the Second vote in favor of outlawing Protestantism.<a href="#cite_note-Knecht-132">[132]</a> By January, the Edict of Beaulieu fails and the <a href="/wiki/Sixth_War_of_Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Sixth War of Religion">Sixth War of Religion</a> begins later in 1577.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December" title="December">December</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Burbage" title="James Burbage">James Burbage</a> opens the first permanent public <a href="/wiki/Theater_(building)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theater (building)">playhouse</a> in Britain, <a href="/wiki/The_Theatre" title="The Theatre">The Theatre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Date_unknown_6"> Date unknown</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1576&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Date unknown">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/1576_Cocoliztli_epidemic" class="mw-redirect" title="1576 Cocoliztli epidemic">1576 Cocoliztli epidemic</a> causes millions of deaths in the territory of <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a>, in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>.</li> <li>An early example of autobiography is written in English, by Thomas Whythorne.</li> <li>The Loci Communes of <a href="/wiki/Peter_Martyr_Vermigli" title="Peter Martyr Vermigli">Peter Martyr Vermigli</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1562" title="1562">1562</a>), edited by <a href="/wiki/Robert_le_Ma%C3%A7on,_Sieur_de_la_Fontaine" title="Robert le Maçon, Sieur de la Fontaine">Robert le Maçon</a>, are published in London.</li> <li>The following schools are founded in England: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dartford_Grammar_School" title="Dartford Grammar School">Dartford Grammar School</a>, by William d'Aeth, Edward Gwyn and William Vaughn.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_Valence_School" title="Sutton Valence School">Sutton Valence School</a>, by William Lambe.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstanty_Wasyl_Ostrogski" title="Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski">Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski</a> founds <a href="/wiki/Ostroh_Academy" title="Ostroh Academy">Ostroh Academy</a>, the first university-level school in Eastern Europe.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1577">1577</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1577" title="1577">1577</a>. (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1577&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1577&action=history">history</a>)</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="January–March_8"> January–March</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1577&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: January–March">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_9" title="January 9">January 9</a> – The second <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Brussels" title="Union of Brussels">Union of Brussels</a> is formed, first without the Protestant counties of <a href="/wiki/Holland" title="Holland">Holland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zeeland" title="Zeeland">Zeeland</a> (which is accepted by King <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a>), later with the Protestants, which means open rebellion of the whole of the <a href="/wiki/Seventeen_Provinces" title="Seventeen Provinces">Netherlands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> – The "<a href="/wiki/Edict_of_1577" title="Edict of 1577">Perpetual Edict</a>", providing for the removal of Spanish troops from what is now the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, is signed in the city of <a href="/wiki/Marche-en-Famenne" title="Marche-en-Famenne">Marche-en-Famenne</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Netherlands" title="Spanish Netherlands">Spanish Netherlands</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>) by the Spanish Governor-General, <a href="/wiki/John_of_Austria" title="John of Austria">Don Juan de Austria</a> and representatives of the Dutch rebellion. The Perpetual Edict will last only five months, before Don Juan begins new attacks on the rebels.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_23" title="February 23">February 23</a> – The new Shah of Iran, <a href="/wiki/Ismail_II" title="Ismail II">Ismail II</a>, has most of the advisers of his late father executed, including Prince <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Mirza" title="Ibrahim Mirza">Ibrahim Mirza</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_17" title="March 17">March 17</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Cathay_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathay Company">Cathay Company</a> is formed, to send <a href="/wiki/Martin_Frobisher" title="Martin Frobisher">Martin Frobisher</a> back to the New World for more gold.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="April–June_8"> April–June</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1577&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: April–June">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_17" title="April 17">April 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lubiesz%C3%B3w" title="Battle of Lubieszów">Battle of Lubieszów</a>: General <a href="/wiki/Jan_Zborowski" title="Jan Zborowski">Jan Zborowski</a> leads the army of the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a> in the catastrophic defeat of most of Jan Winkelbruch's 12,000 rebels and mercenaries from the Commonwealth's richest city, <a href="/wiki/Danzig" class="mw-redirect" title="Danzig">Danzig</a>, killing 4,420 of the men and capturing another 5,000 as prisoners. Only 88 of Zborowski's 2,500 troops are killed.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Danzig_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Danzig Rebellion">Danzig Rebellion</a> ends at the end of the year.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_27" title="May 27">May 27</a> – English explorer <a href="/wiki/Martin_Frobisher" title="Martin Frobisher">Martin Frobisher</a> departs from <a href="/wiki/Blackwall,_London" title="Blackwall, London">Blackwall</a> in his flagship, <a href="/wiki/English_ship_Aid_(1562)" title="English ship Aid (1562)">HMS Ayde</a>, along with the ships Gabriel and Michael, to begin the English expedition to North America.<a href="#cite_note-RSR-140">[140]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_28" title="May 28">May 28</a> – The Bergen Book, better known as the Solid Declaration of the <a href="/wiki/Formula_of_Concord" title="Formula of Concord">Formula of Concord</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> confessional writings, is published. The earlier version, known as the Torgau Book (<a href="/wiki/1576" title="1576">1576</a>), had been condensed into an <a href="/wiki/Epitome" title="Epitome">Epitome</a>; both documents are part of the <a href="/wiki/1580" title="1580">1580</a> <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Concord" title="Book of Concord">Book of Concord</a>.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_11" title="June 11">June 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sebastiano_Venier" title="Sebastiano Venier">Sebastiano Venier</a> becomes the new <a href="/wiki/Doge_of_Venice" title="Doge of Venice">Doge</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a>, succeeding <a href="/wiki/Alvise_I_Mocenigo" title="Alvise I Mocenigo">Alvise Mocenigo</a>, who died on June 4.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_12" title="June 12">June 12</a> – The French city of <a href="/wiki/Issoire" title="Issoire">Issoire</a> surrenders and 3,000 of its Protestant Huguenots are massacred by the troops of the French Catholic General <a href="/wiki/Francis,_Duke_of_Anjou" title="Francis, Duke of Anjou">Francis, Duke of Anjou</a>, on orders by King <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_France" title="Henry III of France">Henry III of France</a>. The massacre is carried out 20 months after the October 15, 1575 killing of Catholic residents by <a href="/wiki/Matthieu_Merle" title="Matthieu Merle">Matthieu Merle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> Most of Issoire's buildings are torn down, and the royal troops leave an inscription on a pillar, Ici fut Issoire ("Here stood Issoire.")<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Salman_Jaberi" title="Mirza Salman Jaberi">Mirza Salman Jaberi</a> is appointed as the new <a href="/wiki/List_of_grand_viziers_of_Persia" title="List of grand viziers of Persia">Grand Vizier of Persia</a> by Shah Ismail II, replacing <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Shokrollah_Isfahani" title="Mirza Shokrollah Isfahani">Mirza Shokrollah Isfahani</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_29" title="June 29">June 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II_Giray" title="Mehmed II Giray">Mehmed II Giray</a> becomes the new <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Khanate" title="Crimean Khanate">Khan of Crimea</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, after the death of his father, <a href="/wiki/Devlet_I_Giray" title="Devlet I Giray">Devlet I Giray</a>, from a plague.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="July–September_8"> July–September</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1577&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: July–September">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_9" title="July 9">July 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ludvig_Munk" title="Ludvig Munk">Ludvig Munk</a> is appointed <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor-General of Norway">Governor-General of Norway</a>.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1" title="August 1">August 1</a> – <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6ran_Boije" class="extiw" title="de:Göran Boije">Göran Boije</a> becomes the new <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Estonia_(1561%E2%80%931721)" title="Duchy of Estonia (1561–1721)">Duke of Estonia</a>, ruling what is, at the time, a dominion of the Swedish Empire.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> – Martin Frobisher ends his expedition to Canada and he and his crew begin the journey back to England on the ships Ayde, Gabriel and Michael.<a href="#cite_note-RSR-140">[140]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a> – (11th waning of Tawthalin <a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">939 ME</a>) <a href="/wiki/Min_Phalaung" title="Min Phalaung">Min Phalaung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mrauk_U" title="Kingdom of Mrauk U">King of Arakan</a> in what is now northern <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> and southern <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a>, enters his new palace in dedication ceremonies at the capital at <a href="/wiki/Mrauk_U" title="Mrauk U">Mrauk U</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bergerac" title="Treaty of Bergerac">Treaty of Bergerac</a> is signed between <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_France" title="Henry III of France">Henry III of France</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Huguenots" title="Huguenots">Huguenots</a>.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_23" title="September 23">September 23</a> – The first <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a> people to see Europe— Kalicho, <a href="/wiki/Arnaq" title="Arnaq">Arnaq</a>, and Arnaq's son, Nutaaq— are brought as captives of Martin Frobisher when HMS Gabriel arrived in England at <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a>. All three were captured on <a href="/wiki/Baffin_Island" title="Baffin Island">Baffin Island</a>, and none of the three survive to the end of the year.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-RSR-140">[140]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="October–December_8"> October–December</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1577&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: October–December">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> – In Italy, <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Gentile_Pignolo" title="Giovanni Battista Gentile Pignolo">Giovanni Battista Gentile Pignolo</a> is elected as the new <a href="/wiki/Doge_of_Genoa" title="Doge of Genoa">Doge</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Republic of Genoa</a> for a two-year term, replacing <a href="/wiki/Prospero_Centurione_Fattinanti" title="Prospero Centurione Fattinanti">Prospero Centurione Fattinanti</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_28" title="October 28">October 28</a> – In <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a> (now part of <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>), two Protestant members of the city council of <a href="/wiki/Ghent" title="Ghent">Ghent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Hembyze" class="mw-redirect" title="Jan van Hembyze">Jan van Hembyze</a> and François van Ryhove, proclaim the <a href="/wiki/Calvinist_Republic_of_Ghent" title="Calvinist Republic of Ghent">Calvinist Republic of Ghent</a>.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> The stadtholder of Flanders, <a href="/wiki/Philippe_III_de_Cro%C3%BF" title="Philippe III de Croÿ">Philippe III de Croÿ</a>, Duke of Aarschot is arrested, along with the Roman Catholic bishops <a href="/wiki/Martin_Rythovius" title="Martin Rythovius">Martin Rythovius</a> of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Ypres" title="Diocese of Ypres">Ypres</a> and <a href="/wiki/Remi_Drieux" title="Remi Drieux">Remi Drieux</a> of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Bruges" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Bruges">Bruges</a>. The Calvinist Republic will exist for seven years until the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ghent_(1583%E2%80%931584)" title="Siege of Ghent (1583–1584)">Spanish conquest of Ghent</a> in 1584.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_6" title="November 6">November 6</a> – The first recorded observation from Earth of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1577" title="Great Comet of 1577">Great Comet of 1577</a> takes place by Aztec astronomers in Mexico, followed by reports from Italy on November 7 and Japan on November 8.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> Astronomer <a href="/wiki/Tycho_Brahe" title="Tycho Brahe">Tycho Brahe</a> will track the comet from November 13 until January 26 before it departs the Solar System.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_13" title="November 13">November 13</a> – In the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tedorigawa" title="Battle of Tedorigawa">Battle of Tedorigawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uesugi_Kenshin" title="Uesugi Kenshin">Uesugi Kenshin</a>'s forces decisively defeat the forces of <a href="/wiki/Oda_Nobunaga" title="Oda Nobunaga">Oda Nobunaga</a>, in what will be Kenshin's last victory before his death the following year.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_19" title="November 19">November 19</a> – With defeat coming close in the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Shigisan" title="Siege of Shigisan">siege of Shigisan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matsunaga_Hisahide" title="Matsunaga Hisahide">Matsunaga Hisahide</a> commits suicide.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_13" title="December 13">December 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake" title="Francis Drake">Francis Drake</a> leaves <a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a>, aboard the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Hind" title="Golden Hind">Pelican</a>, with four other ships and 164 men, on an expedition against the <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a>, along the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_coast" title="Pacific coast">Pacific coast</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>, which will become <a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake%27s_Circumnavigation" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Drake's Circumnavigation">his circumnavigation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Date_unknown_7"> Date unknown</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1577&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Date unknown">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Supposed massacre of the <a href="/wiki/Clan_Donald" title="Clan Donald">MacDonald</a> inhabitants of the <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scottish</a> island of <a href="/wiki/Eigg" title="Eigg">Eigg</a>, by the <a href="/wiki/Clan_MacLeod" title="Clan MacLeod">Clan MacLeod</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_Pa%C5%A1a_Sokolovi%C4%87_Bridge" title="Mehmed Paša Sokolović Bridge">Mehmed Paša Sokolović Bridge</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Drina" title="Drina">Drina</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vi%C5%A1egrad" title="Višegrad">Višegrad</a> is completed in the Ottoman Empire.</li> <li>The church in <a href="/wiki/San_Pedro_de_Atacama" title="San Pedro de Atacama">San Pedro de Atacama</a> is built, in the <a href="/wiki/Atacama_Desert" title="Atacama Desert">Atacama Desert</a> in Chile.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casiodoro_de_Reina" title="Casiodoro de Reina">Casiodoro de Reina</a> publishes his "Declaracion, o confesion de fe", the first and only Spanish confession of faith in the post Reformation period.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1578">1578</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1578" title="1578">1578</a>. (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1578&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1578&action=history">history</a>)</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="January–March_9"> January–March</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1578&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: January–March">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_13" title="January 13">January 13</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Gvozdansko" title="Siege of Gvozdansko">Siege of Gvozdansko</a> ends in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(Habsburg)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)">Kingdom of Croatia</a> as Ottoman Empire troops led by <a href="/wiki/Ferhad_Pasha_Sokolovi%C4%87" title="Ferhad Pasha Sokolović">Ferhad Pasha Sokolović</a> capture the fortress at <a href="/wiki/Gvozdansko" title="Gvozdansko">Gvozdansko</a>.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_31" title="January 31">January 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gembloux_(1578)" title="Battle of Gembloux (1578)">Battle of Gembloux</a>: Spanish forces under <a href="/wiki/John_of_Austria" title="John of Austria">Don John of Austria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma">Alexander Farnese</a> defeat the Dutch; Farnese begins to recover control of the French-speaking <a href="/wiki/Southern_Netherlands" title="Southern Netherlands">Southern Netherlands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_6" title="February 6">February 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XIII" title="Pope Gregory XIII">Pope Gregory XIII</a> issues the papal bull Illius fulti praesidio and creates the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Manila" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila">Diocese of Manila</a>, the first Roman Catholic diocese in the Philippines, with <a href="/wiki/Domingo_de_Salazar" title="Domingo de Salazar">Domingo de Salazar</a> as the first Bishop of Manila.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> The diocese will be raised to the status of archdiocese on August 14, 1595.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">February 8</a> – The city council of Amsterdam in the Netherlands ratifies a treaty placing the city under the authority of <a href="/wiki/William_the_Silent" title="William the Silent">Willem, Prince of Orange</a>, and joining the <a href="/wiki/States_of_Holland_and_West_Friesland" title="States of Holland and West Friesland">States of Holland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Khodabanda" title="Mohammad Khodabanda">Mohammad Khodabanda</a>, older brother of the late <a href="/wiki/Ismail_II" title="Ismail II">Shah Ismail II</a>, begins his reign as the new <a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Persia" title="List of monarchs of Persia">Shah</a> of <a href="/wiki/Safavid_dynasty" title="Safavid dynasty">Persia</a> (now Iran) after entering the Persian capital at <a href="/wiki/Qazvin" title="Qazvin">Qazvin</a>, after removing his sister <a href="/wiki/Pari_Khan_Khanum" title="Pari Khan Khanum">Pari Khan Khanum</a>, who had exercised regal authority after Ismail's death.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> His first act as ruler is to have Pari Khan Khanum strangled to death.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">February 13</a> – Two days after the Battle of Gembloux, Spanish troops capture the city of <a href="/wiki/Leuven" title="Leuven">Leuven</a>, forcing Willem, Prince of Orange, to flee <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> and relocate to <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>.Geoffrey Parker, The Dutch Revolt (Cornell University Press, 1977) p.186</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_11" title="March 11">March 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%B2_da_Ponte" title="Nicolò da Ponte">Nicolò da Ponte</a> is elected as the new <a href="/wiki/Doge_of_Venice" title="Doge of Venice">Doge</a> of the Republic of Venice after 44 ballots, following the March 3 death of <a href="/wiki/Sebastiano_Venier" title="Sebastiano Venier">Sebastiano Venier</a>.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">March 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Douglas,_4th_Earl_of_Morton" title="James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton">James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton</a>, the last of the regents for King James VI of Scotland, resigns after having served as regent since November 24, 1572.</li> <li>The Belgian city of <a href="/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges</a>, controlled by Spain, falls to Dutch rebels.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="April–June_9"> April–June</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1578&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: April–June">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_23" title="April 23">April 23</a> – (17th day of 3rd month, Tensho 6) The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Otate" title="Siege of Otate">Siege of Otate</a> begins in Japan after the death of <a href="/wiki/Uesugi_Kenshin" title="Uesugi Kenshin">Uesugi Kenshin</a>, the warlord of the <a href="/wiki/Echigo_Province" title="Echigo Province">Echigo Province</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_27" title="April 27">April 27</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Duel_of_the_Mignons" class="mw-redirect" title="Duel of the Mignons">Duel of the Mignons</a> claims the lives of two favorites of <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_France" title="Henry III of France">Henry III of France</a>, and two favourites of <a href="/wiki/Henry_I,_Duke_of_Guise" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry I, Duke of Guise">Henry I, Duke of Guise</a>.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">May 26</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Alteratie" title="Alteratie">Alteratie</a> takes place in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, expelling the 24 Catholic members of the 40-man city government, and forming a new council is formed with 30 Calvinist Protestants and 10 Catholics.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_31" title="May 31">May 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Martin_Frobisher" title="Martin Frobisher">Martin Frobisher</a> sails from <a href="/wiki/Harwich" title="Harwich">Harwich</a> in England with 15 ships to North America, where he will arrive at <a href="/wiki/Frobisher_Bay" title="Frobisher Bay">Frobisher Bay</a> in July on his third expedition.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_11" title="June 11">June 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Gilbert" title="Humphrey Gilbert">Humphrey Gilbert</a> is granted <a href="/wiki/Letters_patent" title="Letters patent">letters patent</a> from the English crown to establish a colony in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_20" title="June 20">June 20</a> – The Frobisher expedition reaches <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_30" title="June 30">June 30</a> – After having come into conflict on May 17 with his fellow officer, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Doughty_(explorer)" title="Thomas Doughty (explorer)">Thomas Doughty</a>, during their circumnavigation of the world, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake" title="Francis Drake">Francis Drake</a> puts Doughty on trial while the flagship Pelican is docked at what is now Argentina. A jury of sailors convicts Doughty of treason and attempted mutiny. Doughty is beheaded on July 2.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="July–September_9"> July–September</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1578&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: July–September">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">July 2</a> – The Frobisher expedition reaches Canada and enters what is now <a href="/wiki/Frobisher_Bay" title="Frobisher Bay">Frobisher Bay</a>. One of the ships, the Dennis, is wrecked on an iceberg.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_31" title="July 31">July 31</a> <ul><li>At the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rijmenam_(1578)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Rijmenam (1578)">Battle of Rijmenam</a>, fought near <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a> in what is now <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, a combined Dutch and English force under the command of the Count of Boussu and England's John Norreys defeats Spanish troops commanded by <a href="/wiki/John_of_Austria" title="John of Austria">Don Juan de Austria</a>.</li> <li>According to some accounts, Englishman <a href="/wiki/Martin_Frobisher" title="Martin Frobisher">Martin Frobisher</a> holds the first <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving" title="Thanksgiving">Thanksgiving</a> celebration by Europeans in Canada, on <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_(island)" title="Newfoundland (island)">Newfoundland</a>, after he and his fleet encounter two ships that they feared had been lost. However, the celebration involves no feast and is limited to a sermon by the expedition's minister and Frobisher's men giving praise. <a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_4" title="August 4">August 4</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Sebastian_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Sebastian of Portugal">Sebastian of Portugal</a> is killed in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alc%C3%A1cer_Quibir" title="Battle of Alcácer Quibir">Battle of Alcácer Quibir</a> in North Africa while fighting <a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">Moors</a> kill. Sebastian's elderly uncle, <a href="/wiki/Henry,_King_of_Portugal" title="Henry, King of Portugal">Cardinal Henry</a>, is named as the heir to the throne, initiating a succession crisis in Portugal.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_20" title="August 20">August 20</a>–<a href="/wiki/September_6" title="September 6">September 6</a> – After renaming this flagship, Pelican to the Golden Hind, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake" title="Francis Drake">Francis Drake</a> and his fleet begin their passage through the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Magellan" title="Strait of Magellan">Strait of Magellan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GoldenHind-165">[165]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_31" title="August 31">August 31</a> – The Forbisher expedition departs North America for its journey back to England.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_6" title="September 6">September 6</a> – After 16 days travel, the fleet of Francis Drake completes its traverse of the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Magellan" title="Strait of Magellan">Strait of Magellan</a> between the tip of South America and <a href="/wiki/Tierra_del_Fuego" title="Tierra del Fuego">Tierra del Fuego</a>. Upon entering the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a>, the fleet encounters violent storms. The supply ship Marigold, with over 100 men under the command of John Thomas, is lost with all hands off of <a href="/wiki/Cape_Horn" title="Cape Horn">Cape Horn</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GoldenHind-165">[165]</a> The rest of the fleet continues its <a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake%27s_circumnavigation" title="Francis Drake's circumnavigation">voyage around the world</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="October–December_9"> October–December</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1578&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: October–December">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma">Alessandro Farnese</a> succeeds his uncle, <a href="/wiki/John_of_Austria" title="John of Austria">Don John</a>, as <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Spanish_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of the Spanish Netherlands">Governor of the Spanish Netherlands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BrulezKoch2012-166">[166]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_21" title="October 21">October 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Wenden_(1577%E2%80%9378)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battles of Wenden (1577–78)">Battle of Wenden</a>: The Russians are defeated by the <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Swedes</a>, who proceed to take <a href="/wiki/Polotsk" title="Polotsk">Polotsk</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_19" title="November 19">November 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Gilbert" title="Humphrey Gilbert">Humphrey Gilbert</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walter_Ralegh" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Ralegh">Walter Ralegh</a> set out from <a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a> in England, leading an expedition to establish a colony in North America. They will be forced to turn back six months later.<a href="#cite_note-CBH-167">[167]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_9" title="December 9">December 9</a> – After more than five years of combat in southern France, the Protestant Huguenot citadel of <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9nerbes" title="Ménerbes">Ménerbes</a> negotiates a surrender to its French Catholic attackers.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Date_unknown_8"> Date unknown</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1578&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Date unknown">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Spoiling_Dyke" title="Battle of the Spoiling Dyke">Battle of the Spoiling Dyke</a> at <a href="/wiki/Trumpan" title="Trumpan">Trumpan</a> on the Scottish <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Skye" title="Isle of Skye">Isle of Skye</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Clan_MacLeod" title="Clan MacLeod">Clan MacLeod</a> are victorious over the <a href="/wiki/Clan_Donald" title="Clan Donald">MacDonalds of Uist</a> in a feud.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> conquers <a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarsa_Dengel" title="Sarsa Dengel">Sarsa Dengel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Ethiopia" title="Emperor of Ethiopia">Emperor of Ethiopia</a>, defeats and kills <a href="/wiki/Bahr_negus_Yeshaq" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahr negus Yeshaq">Bahr negus Yeshaq</a> along with his Ottoman allies, finally ending his rebellion.</li> <li>Sonam Gyrso receives from Prince Atlan Khan the title of Talaï, and becomes the third <a href="/wiki/Dalai_Lama" title="Dalai Lama">Dalai Lama</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>.</li> <li>The last outbreak of <a href="/wiki/Sweating_sickness" title="Sweating sickness">sweating sickness</a> occurs in England.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese</a> assist Lord <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cmura_Sumitada" title="Ōmura Sumitada">Ōmura Sumitada</a>, the first Christian Japanese daimyo, in repulsing an assault on <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki" title="Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%ABz%C5%8Dji_clan" title="Ryūzōji clan">Ryūzōji clan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_fur_trade" title="North American fur trade">Fur trade</a> begins in Newfoundland in North America.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1579">1579</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1579" title="1579">1579</a>. (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1579&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1579&action=history">history</a>)</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="January–March_10"> January–March</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1579&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: January–March">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_6" title="January 6">January 6</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Arras" title="Union of Arras">Union of Arras</a> unites the southern <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Netherlands" title="Spanish Netherlands">Netherlands</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma_and_Piacenza" class="mw-redirect" title="Alessandro Farnese, Duke of Parma and Piacenza">Duke of Parma</a>, governor in the name of king <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Holt2002-170">[170]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">January 23</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Utrecht" title="Union of Utrecht">Union of Utrecht</a> unites the northern Netherlands in a confederation called the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">United Provinces</a>. <a href="/wiki/William_I_of_Orange" class="mw-redirect" title="William I of Orange">William I of Orange</a> becomes Stadtholder, and the <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois,_Duke_of_Anjou" class="mw-redirect" title="François, Duke of Anjou">Duc d'Anjou</a>, younger brother of <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_France" title="Henry III of France">Henry III of France</a>, is invited to become hereditary sovereign.<a href="#cite_note-Holt2002-170">[170]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_4" title="February 4">February 4</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Calvinist_Republic_of_Ghent" title="Calvinist Republic of Ghent">Ghent Republic</a> joins the Union of Utrecht.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_28" title="February 28">February 28</a> – The seizure in September by <a href="/wiki/Willem_IV_van_den_Bergh" title="Willem IV van den Bergh">Willem IV van den Bergh</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Boxmeer_Castle" title="Boxmeer Castle">Boxmeer Castle</a> in September in the Netherlands is condemned by the other Dutch members of the Union of Utrecht.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> – Off of the coast of what is now <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, the English <a href="/wiki/Galleon" title="Galleon">galleon</a> <a href="/wiki/Golden_Hind" title="Golden Hind">Golden Hind</a>, captained by <a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake" title="Francis Drake">Francis Drake</a>, captures the Spanish freighter <a href="/wiki/Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_de_la_Concepci%C3%B3n" title="Nuestra Señora de la Concepción">Nuestra Señora de la Concepción</a> (unofficially called "Cagafuego") and its cargo, including 26 tons of silver and 1,000 pounds of gold.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2" title="March 2">March 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borgerhout" title="Battle of Borgerhout">Battle of Borgerhout</a> in Flanders (now <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>): Spanish troops under the command of the Duke of Parma overwhelm rebels fighting for the Union of Utrecht.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_12" title="March 12">March 12</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Maastricht_(1579)" title="Siege of Maastricht (1579)">Siege of Maastricht</a>, a center of the Dutch resistance to Spanish rule, is started in the Netherlands by Spanish troops under the command of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma">Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma</a>.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> The siege will last almost four months before Maastricht falls on July 1.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="April–June_10"> April–June</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1579&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: April–June">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_10" title="April 10">April 10</a> – In the village of <a href="/wiki/Cuers" title="Cuers">Cuers</a> in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a> rebel peasants kill 600 nobles and upper-class gentlemen of the Catholic League serving the Count of Carces.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_17" title="May 17">May 17</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Arras_(1579)" title="Treaty of Arras (1579)">Treaty of Arras</a> is concluded between Spain (represented by the Duke of Parma), and members of the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Arras" title="Union of Arras">Union of Arras</a> that had been formed in January. The Union of Utrecht continues its resistance against Spain while the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Hainaut" title="County of Hainaut">County of Hainaut</a>, the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Artois" title="County of Artois">County of Artois</a>, and the cities of <a href="/wiki/Douai" title="Douai">Douai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orchies" title="Orchies">Orchies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arras" title="Arras">Arras</a> agree to a separate peace under Spanish rule.<a href="#cite_note-JIsrael-177">[177]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_21" title="May 21">May 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mimaomote" title="Battle of Mimaomote">Battle of Mimaomote</a>: In <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, Doi Kiyonaga defeats the forces of Kumu Yorinobu.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_17" title="June 17">June 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake" title="Francis Drake">Francis Drake</a>, during <a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake%27s_Circumnavigation" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Drake's Circumnavigation">his circumnavigation</a> of the world, lands in modern-day <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, which he claims for <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">Queen Elizabeth I</a>.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> With an <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">English</a> claim here and in <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_(island)" title="Newfoundland (island)">Newfoundland</a>, it becomes the basis for English colonial charters which will claim all land from the Atlantic to the Pacific, from "sea to sea." Drake's claim is called <a href="/wiki/Nova_Albion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nova Albion">Nova Albion</a> (New England), and subsequent maps will show all lands north of New Spain and New Mexico under this name.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="July–September_10"> July–September</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1579&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: July–September">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> – Maastricht surrenders to Spanish troops after a surprise attack by the Duke of Parma, who had besieged the city for more than three months.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Karlovac" title="Karlovac">Karlovac</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(Habsburg)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)">Croatia</a> is founded.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_17" title="July 17">July 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_FitzMaurice_FitzGerald" title="James FitzMaurice FitzGerald">James FitzMaurice FitzGerald</a> lands with a small force of Irish, Spanish, and Italian troops at <a href="/wiki/Smerwick" class="mw-redirect" title="Smerwick">Smerwick</a>, on the Dingle Peninsula in south-western Ireland, and commences the <a href="/wiki/Second_Desmond_Rebellion" title="Second Desmond Rebellion">Second Desmond Rebellion</a> against the rule in Ireland of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">Elizabeth I of England</a>.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_6" title="August 6">August 6</a> – In the Spanish-controlled Netherlands, the representatives of the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Utrecht" title="Union of Utrecht">Union of Utrecht</a> declare that they will no longer respect the authority of <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">King Philip of Spain</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_17" title="August 17">August 17</a> – "<a href="/wiki/Yasuke" title="Yasuke">Yasuke</a>", a man of African origin who has been hired as a manager by the Chancellor of the Realm, <a href="/wiki/Oda_Nobunaga" title="Oda Nobunaga">Oda Nobunaga</a>, arrives in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>. Called "The Black Samurai" in dramatizations of his experience, he begins a service of three years to the Chancellor, ending on June 21, 1582.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_30" title="August 30">August 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Livonian_War" title="Livonian War">Livonian War</a>: In what is now <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>, the city of <a href="/wiki/Polotsk" title="Polotsk">Polotsk</a> falls to the forces of <a href="/wiki/Stephen_B%C3%A1thory" title="Stephen Báthory">Stephen Báthory</a>, Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_10" title="September 10">September 10</a> – (5th waning of Tawthalin <a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">941 ME</a>) In the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mrauk_U" title="Kingdom of Mrauk U">Kingdom of Mrauk U</a> in what is now Myanmar and Bangladesh, King <a href="/wiki/Min_Phalaung" title="Min Phalaung">Min Phalaung</a> becomes the owner of the first of three white elephants, and gives himself the title of Hsinbyushin.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_12" title="September 12">September 12</a> – Amendments are made to the May 17 Treaty of Arras, with further concessions to Spain by the Union of Arras. The final version is promulgated by King Philip of Spain in <a href="/wiki/Mons,_Belgium" title="Mons, Belgium">Mons</a>, one of the regions in the Arras Union.<a href="#cite_note-JIsrael-177">[177]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_28" title="September 28">September 28</a> – In <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, a mutual assistance pact was signed at <a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a> between representatives of Roman Catholic <a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">cantons</a> by the efforts of the Catholic Bishop of Basel, <a href="/wiki/Jakob_Christoph_Blarer_von_Wartensee" title="Jakob Christoph Blarer von Wartensee">Jakob Christoph Blarer von Wartensee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="October–December_10"> October–December</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1579&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: October–December">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_5" title="October 5">October 5</a> – At <a href="/wiki/Banda_Aceh" title="Banda Aceh">Banda Aceh</a>, on the island of <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a> in what is now <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alauddin_Mansur_Syah" title="Alauddin Mansur Syah">Alauddin Mansur Syah</a> becomes the new Sultan of Aceh upon the death of <a href="/wiki/Zainul_Abidin_of_Aceh" title="Zainul Abidin of Aceh">Sultan Zainul Abidin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_11" title="October 11">October 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sokollu_Mehmed_Pasha" title="Sokollu Mehmed Pasha">Sokollu Mehmed Pasha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Vizier_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire">Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire</a> for more than 14 years, is assassinated in <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kramers-188">[188]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_13" title="October 13">October 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Semiz_Ahmed_Pasha" title="Semiz Ahmed Pasha">Semiz Ahmed Pasha</a> is appointed as the new Ottoman Grand Vizier by Sultan <a href="/wiki/Murad_III" title="Murad III">Murad III</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kramers-188">[188]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">King James VI of Scotland</a> makes his ceremonial <a href="/wiki/Entry_of_James_VI_into_Edinburgh" title="Entry of James VI into Edinburgh">entry into Edinburgh</a> to assume the throne at the age of 13, after being declared to have reached the age of majority.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> Scotland had been ruled by regents since 1567, when James was declared king.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_20" title="October 20">October 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%B2_Doria" title="Nicolò Doria">Nicolò Doria</a> is elected to a two-year term as the new <a href="/wiki/Doge_of_Genoa" title="Doge of Genoa">Doge</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Republic of Genoa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a></li></ul> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edward_Frank_Gillett%CB%90_Stubbs_has_his_hand_cut_off_(Hutchinsons_Story_of_the_British_Nation,_1922).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Edward_Frank_Gillett%CB%90_Stubbs_has_his_hand_cut_off_%28Hutchinsons_Story_of_the_British_Nation%2C_1922%29.jpg/150px-Edward_Frank_Gillett%CB%90_Stubbs_has_his_hand_cut_off_%28Hutchinsons_Story_of_the_British_Nation%2C_1922%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Edward_Frank_Gillett%CB%90_Stubbs_has_his_hand_cut_off_%28Hutchinsons_Story_of_the_British_Nation%2C_1922%29.jpg/225px-Edward_Frank_Gillett%CB%90_Stubbs_has_his_hand_cut_off_%28Hutchinsons_Story_of_the_British_Nation%2C_1922%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Edward_Frank_Gillett%CB%90_Stubbs_has_his_hand_cut_off_%28Hutchinsons_Story_of_the_British_Nation%2C_1922%29.jpg/300px-Edward_Frank_Gillett%CB%90_Stubbs_has_his_hand_cut_off_%28Hutchinsons_Story_of_the_British_Nation%2C_1922%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>November 3: Seditious writer John Stubbs is barred from writing again</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_3" title="November 3">November 3</a> – The English puritan <a href="/wiki/John_Stubbs" title="John Stubbs">John Stubbs</a>, author of numerous pamphlets against the doctrines of the Church of England, is convicted of sedition, and his right hand is amputated as punishment.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_13" title="November 13">November 13</a> – During the <a href="/wiki/Second_Desmond_Rebellion" title="Second Desmond Rebellion">Second Desmond Rebellion</a>, rebel troops in Ireland, led by <a href="/wiki/Gerald_FitzGerald,_14th_Earl_of_Desmond" title="Gerald FitzGerald, 14th Earl of Desmond">Gerald FitzGerald, 14th Earl of Desmond</a>, carry out the <a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Youghal" title="Sack of Youghal">Sack of Youghal</a> and massacre the English Army garrison, then pillage and burn the homes of local residents.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">November 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Iancu_Sasul" title="Iancu Sasul">Iancu Sasul</a> becomes the new <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Moldavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince of Moldavia">Prince of Moldavia</a> as Peter the Lame steps down for the second time.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> Peter will replace Sasul on October 17, 1582.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_23" title="November 23">November 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jeremias_II_of_Constantinople" title="Jeremias II of Constantinople">Jeremias II Tranos</a> is removed from office as <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople</a>, leader of the Eastern Orthodox Church, and replaced by his rival <a href="/wiki/Metrophanes_III_of_Constantinople" title="Metrophanes III of Constantinople">Metrophanes III of Constantinople</a>, whom he deposed on May 4, 1572.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">December 16</a> – After <a href="/wiki/Willem_van_Pamele" title="Willem van Pamele">Willem van Pamele</a>, the Spanish Governor of Flanders, is forced to flee during the Dutch Revolt, the Duke of Parma orders Pamele and the Catholic members of the Council of Flanders to convene at <a href="/wiki/Douai" title="Douai">Douai</a> as the temporary Flemish capital.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_24" title="December 24">December 24</a> – German astronomer <a href="/wiki/Michael_Maestlin" title="Michael Maestlin">Michael Maestlin</a> makes the first cataloging of the <a href="/wiki/Pleiades" title="Pleiades">Pleiades</a> cluster, recording 11 separate stars visible to the naked eye, with a detailed illustration and measurements.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">December 25</a> – In France, Protestant French troops under the command of <a href="/wiki/Matthieu_Merle" title="Matthieu Merle">Matthieu Merle</a>, make a surprise attack on the Roman Catholic cathedral in the village of <a href="/wiki/Mende,_Loz%C3%A8re" title="Mende, Lozère">Mende</a> during Mass, and kill 400 civilians. <a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Date_unknown_9"> Date unknown</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1579&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Date unknown">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>In the Mughal Empire in India, <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a> abolishes the jizya, the tax placed upon non-Muslim residents.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a> issues a mazhar signed by the leading <a href="/wiki/Ulamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulamas">ulamas</a>, putting himself as the highest religious authority, allowing him to interpret the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a></li> <li>The municipality of <a href="/wiki/Boac,_Marinduque" title="Boac, Marinduque">Boac</a> in <a href="/wiki/Marinduque" title="Marinduque">Marinduque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> is founded.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Bible_of_Kralice" title="Bible of Kralice">Bible of Kralice</a> begins publication. The first complete translation of the Bible into the <a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech language</a> (with notes), it is prepared by the <a href="/wiki/Unity_of_the_Brethren_(Czech_Republic)" title="Unity of the Brethren (Czech Republic)">Unity of the Brethren</a>, and published at <a href="/wiki/Kralice_nad_Oslavou" title="Kralice nad Oslavou">Kralice nad Oslavou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable noprint selfref">Transcluding articles: <a href="/wiki/1570" title="1570">1570</a>, <a href="/wiki/1571" title="1571">1571</a>, <a href="/wiki/1572" title="1572">1572</a>, <a href="/wiki/1573" title="1573">1573</a>, <a href="/wiki/1574" title="1574">1574</a>, <a href="/wiki/1575" title="1575">1575</a>, <a href="/wiki/1576" title="1576">1576</a>, <a href="/wiki/1577" title="1577">1577</a>, <a href="/wiki/1578" title="1578">1578</a>, and <a href="/wiki/1579" title="1579">1579</a></div> 1570 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guy_Fawkes_by_Cruikshank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Guy_Fawkes_by_Cruikshank.jpg/110px-Guy_Fawkes_by_Cruikshank.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Guy_Fawkes_by_Cruikshank.jpg/165px-Guy_Fawkes_by_Cruikshank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Guy_Fawkes_by_Cruikshank.jpg/220px-Guy_Fawkes_by_Cruikshank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Guy_Fawkes" title="Guy Fawkes">Guy Fawkes</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lipperhey_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Lipperhey_portrait.jpg/110px-Lipperhey_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Lipperhey_portrait.jpg/165px-Lipperhey_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Lipperhey_portrait.jpg/220px-Lipperhey_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="438" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hans_Lippershey" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Lippershey">Hans Lippershey</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dorothea_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg" title="Dorothea of Brunswick-Lüneburg">Dorothea of Brunswick-Lüneburg</a>, Spouse of Charles I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (d. <a href="/wiki/1649" title="1649">1649</a>)<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_19" title="January 19">January 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Hirschbach" title="Wolfgang Hirschbach">Wolfgang Hirschbach</a>, German legal scholar (d. <a href="/wiki/1620" title="1620">1620</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_25" title="March 25">March 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Lennard,_12th_Baron_Dacre" title="Henry Lennard, 12th Baron Dacre">Henry Lennard, 12th Baron Dacre</a>, English baron and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1616" title="1616">1616</a>)<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_13" title="April 13">April 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Guy_Fawkes" title="Guy Fawkes">Guy Fawkes</a>, English conspirator (d. <a href="/wiki/1606" title="1606">1606</a>)<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_8" title="May 8">May 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tam%C3%A1s_Esterh%C3%A1zy_(1570%E2%80%931616)" title="Tamás Esterházy (1570–1616)">Tamás Esterházy</a>, Hungarian writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1616" title="1616">1616</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_22" title="May 22">May 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_II,_Duke_of_Saxe-Weimar" title="Johann II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar">Johann II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar</a>, German duke (d. <a href="/wiki/1605" title="1605">1605</a>)<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_7" title="June 7">June 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Murad_Mirza" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan Murad Mirza">Sultan Murad Mirza</a>, Mughal prince (d. <a href="/wiki/1599" title="1599">1599</a>)<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Peuerl" title="Paul Peuerl">Paul Peuerl</a>, German organist (d. <a href="/wiki/1625" title="1625">1625</a>)<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philip,_Duke_of_Holstein-Gottorp" title="Philip, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp">Philip, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp</a> (1587–1590) (d. <a href="/wiki/1590" title="1590">1590</a>)<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_19" title="August 19">August 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Salamone_Rossi" title="Salamone Rossi">Salamone Rossi</a>, Italian violinist and composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1630" title="1630">1630</a>)<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_21" title="August 21">August 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christopher,_Duke_of_Brunswick-Harburg" title="Christopher, Duke of Brunswick-Harburg">Christopher, Duke of Brunswick-Harburg</a>, co-ruler of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Harburg (1603–1606) (d. <a href="/wiki/1606" title="1606">1606</a>)<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_22" title="August 22">August 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Franz_von_Dietrichstein" title="Franz von Dietrichstein">Franz von Dietrichstein</a>, German Catholic bishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1636" title="1636">1636</a>)<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_31" title="August 31">August 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gustav_of_Saxe-Lauenburg" title="Gustav of Saxe-Lauenburg">Gustav of Saxe-Lauenburg</a>, German noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1597" title="1597">1597</a>)<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_3" title="October 3">October 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Coke" title="George Coke">George Coke</a>, British bishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1646" title="1646">1646</a>)<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">October 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9ter_P%C3%A1zm%C3%A1ny" title="Péter Pázmány">Péter Pázmány</a>, Hungarian cardinal and statesman (d. <a href="/wiki/1637" title="1637">1637</a>)<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_7" title="October 7">October 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Volkert_Overlander" title="Volkert Overlander">Volkert Overlander</a>, Dutch mayor (d. <a href="/wiki/1630" title="1630">1630</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1" title="November 1">November 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Phineas_Pett" title="Phineas Pett">Phineas Pett</a>, English shipwright and member of the Pett Dynasty (d. <a href="/wiki/1647" title="1647">1647</a>)<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_15" title="November 15">November 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Curradi" title="Francesco Curradi">Francesco Curradi</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1661" title="1661">1661</a>)<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_20" title="November 20">November 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Agucchi" title="Giovanni Battista Agucchi">Giovanni Battista Agucchi</a>, Italian churchman, papal diplomat, and writer on art theory (d. <a href="/wiki/1632" title="1632">1632</a>)<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_26" title="November 26">November 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christian,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-%C3%86r%C3%B8" title="Christian, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Ærø">Christian, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Ærø</a> (1622–1633) (d. <a href="/wiki/1633" title="1633">1633</a>)<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_28" title="November 28">November 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Whitelocke" title="James Whitelocke">James Whitelocke</a>, English judge (d. <a href="/wiki/1632" title="1632">1632</a>)<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_7" title="December 7">December 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Cecil_(died_1633)" title="Richard Cecil (died 1633)">Richard Cecil</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1633" title="1633">1633</a>)<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_29" title="December 29">December 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Lamormaini" title="Wilhelm Lamormaini">Wilhelm Lamormaini</a>, Luxembourgian theologian (d. <a href="/wiki/1648" title="1648">1648</a>)<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a></li> <li>date unknown <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Aduarte" title="Diego Aduarte">Diego Aduarte</a>, Prior of Manila (d. <a href="/wiki/1637" title="1637">1637</a>)<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Aytoun" title="Robert Aytoun">Robert Aytoun</a>, Scottish poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1638" title="1638">1638</a>)<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebba_Bielke" title="Ebba Bielke">Ebba Bielke</a>, Swedish baroness and conspirator (d. <a href="/wiki/1618" title="1618">1618</a>)<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cooper_(composer)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Cooper (composer)">John Cooper</a>, English composer and lutenist (d. <a href="/wiki/1626" title="1626">1626</a>)<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Grahame" title="Simon Grahame">Simon Grahame</a>, Scottish-born adventurer (d. <a href="/wiki/1614" title="1614">1614</a>)<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakagawa_Hidenari" title="Nakagawa Hidenari">Nakagawa Hidenari</a>, Japanese daimyō (d. <a href="/wiki/1612" title="1612">1612</a>)<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Lippershey" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Lippershey">Hans Lippershey</a>, Dutch lensmaker (d. <a href="/wiki/1619" title="1619">1619</a>)<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asprilio_Pacelli" title="Asprilio Pacelli">Asprilio Pacelli</a>, Italian Baroque composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1623" title="1623">1623</a>)<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Rainaldi" title="Girolamo Rainaldi">Girolamo Rainaldi</a>, Italian architect (d. <a href="/wiki/1655" title="1655">1655</a>)<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Sessa" title="Claudia Sessa">Claudia Sessa</a>, Italian composer (d. 1617/19)<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharina_Henot" title="Katharina Henot">Katharina Henot</a>, German General Postmaster and alleged witch (d. <a href="/wiki/1627" title="1627">1627</a>)<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urszula_Meyerin" title="Urszula Meyerin">Urszula Meyerin</a>, politically influential Polish courtier (d. <a href="/wiki/1635" title="1635">1635</a>)<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_Rauscher" title="Christina Rauscher">Christina Rauscher</a>, German official and critic of witchcraft persecutions (d. <a href="/wiki/1618" title="1618">1618</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dackombe" title="John Dackombe">John Dackombe</a>, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (d. <a href="/wiki/1618" title="1618">1618</a>)<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a></li></ul></li></ul> 1571 <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ShahAbbasPortraitFromItalianPainter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/ShahAbbasPortraitFromItalianPainter.jpg/110px-ShahAbbasPortraitFromItalianPainter.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/ShahAbbasPortraitFromItalianPainter.jpg/165px-ShahAbbasPortraitFromItalianPainter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/ShahAbbasPortraitFromItalianPainter.jpg/220px-ShahAbbasPortraitFromItalianPainter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="918" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Abbas_I_of_Safavid" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbas I of Safavid">Abbas I of Safavid</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_Confused_With_Johannes_Kepler_1610.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Portrait_Confused_With_Johannes_Kepler_1610.jpg/110px-Portrait_Confused_With_Johannes_Kepler_1610.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Portrait_Confused_With_Johannes_Kepler_1610.jpg/165px-Portrait_Confused_With_Johannes_Kepler_1610.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Portrait_Confused_With_Johannes_Kepler_1610.jpg/220px-Portrait_Confused_With_Johannes_Kepler_1610.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1498" data-file-height="2060" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler">Johannes Kepler</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_9" title="January 9">January 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Bonaventure_de_Longueval,_Count_of_Bucquoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Bonaventure de Longueval, Count of Bucquoy">Charles Bonaventure de Longueval, Count of Bucquoy</a>, French soldier in Habsburg service (d. <a href="/wiki/1621" title="1621">1621</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_27" title="January 27">January 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abbas_I_of_Safavid" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbas I of Safavid">Abbas I of Safavid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Safavid_dynasty" title="Safavid dynasty">Shah of Iran</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1629" title="1629">1629</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_15" title="February 15">February 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Praetorius" title="Michael Praetorius">Michael Praetorius</a>, German composer and writer on music (d. <a href="/wiki/1621" title="1621">1621</a>)<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_31" title="March 31">March 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Aldobrandini" title="Pietro Aldobrandini">Pietro Aldobrandini</a>, Italian cardinal, archbishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1621" title="1621">1621</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_17" title="April 17">April 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adam_Contzen" title="Adam Contzen">Adam Contzen</a>, German economist (d. <a href="/wiki/1635" title="1635">1635</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_22" title="April 22">April 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Branca" title="Giovanni Branca">Giovanni Branca</a>, Italian architect and engineer (d. <a href="/wiki/1645" title="1645">1645</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_24" title="April 24">April 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sur_Singh" title="Sur Singh">Sur Singh</a>, Ruler of <a href="/wiki/Marwar" title="Marwar">Marwar</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1619" title="1619">1619</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_11" title="May 11">May 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Niwa_Nagashige" title="Niwa Nagashige">Niwa Nagashige</a>, Japanese warlord (d. <a href="/wiki/1637" title="1637">1637</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_17" title="June 17">June 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mun" title="Thomas Mun">Thomas Mun</a>, English writer on economics (d. <a href="/wiki/1641" title="1641">1641</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Theodoor_Galle" title="Theodoor Galle">Theodoor Galle</a>, Flemish engraver (d. <a href="/wiki/1633" title="1633">1633</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2" title="August 2">August 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Duke_of_Guise" title="Charles, Duke of Guise">Charles, Duke of Guise</a>, son of Henry I (d. <a href="/wiki/1640" title="1640">1640</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_14" title="August 14">August 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anders_Bure" title="Anders Bure">Anders Bure</a>, founder of Swedish <a href="/wiki/Cartography" title="Cartography">cartography</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1646" title="1646">1646</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_12" title="September 12">September 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_de_Baz%C3%A1n,_2nd_Marquis_of_Santa_Cruz" class="mw-redirect" title="Álvaro de Bazán, 2nd Marquis of Santa Cruz">Álvaro de Bazán, 2nd Marquis of Santa Cruz</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1646" title="1646">1646</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_21" title="September 21">September 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Magnani" title="Giovanni Battista Magnani">Giovanni Battista Magnani</a>, Italian architect (d. <a href="/wiki/1653" title="1653">1653</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_29" title="September 29">September 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Caravaggio" title="Caravaggio">Caravaggio</a>, Venetian artist (d. <a href="/wiki/1610" title="1610">1610</a>)<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_7" title="October 7">October 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Henry,_Count_of_Schwarzburg-Sondershausen" title="Anton Henry, Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen">Anton Henry, Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen</a> from 1586 (d. <a href="/wiki/1638" title="1638">1638</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria,_Abbess_of_Quedlinburg" title="Maria, Abbess of Quedlinburg">Maria, Abbess of Quedlinburg</a>, German abbess (d. <a href="/wiki/1610" title="1610">1610</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_15" title="October 15">October 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Matham" title="Jacob Matham">Jacob Matham</a>, Dutch artist (d. <a href="/wiki/1631" title="1631">1631</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Ratke" title="Wolfgang Ratke">Wolfgang Ratke</a>, German educational reformer (d. <a href="/wiki/1635" title="1635">1635</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_18" title="November 18">November 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_Guarinonius" title="Hippolytus Guarinonius">Hippolytus Guarinonius</a>, Italian physician and polymath (d. <a href="/wiki/1654" title="1654">1654</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_3" title="December 3">December 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lakshmi_Kumara_Thathachariar" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakshmi Kumara Thathachariar">Lakshmi Kumara Thathachariar</a>, Indian saint (d. <a href="/wiki/1643" title="1643">1643</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_4" title="December 4">December 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand,_Prince_of_Asturias" title="Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias">Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias</a>, Spanish prince (d. <a href="/wiki/1578" title="1578">1578</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_9" title="December 9">December 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Metius" class="mw-redirect" title="Metius">Metius</a>, Dutch mathematician and astronomer (d. <a href="/wiki/1635" title="1635">1635</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">December 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giles_de_Coninck" title="Giles de Coninck">Giles de Coninck</a>, Flemish Jesuit theologian (d. <a href="/wiki/1633" title="1633">1633</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sc%C3%A9vole_de_Sainte-Marthe_(1571%E2%80%931650)" title="Scévole de Sainte-Marthe (1571–1650)">Scévole de Sainte-Marthe</a>, French historian (d. <a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_27" title="December 27">December 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler">Johannes Kepler</a>, German astronomer (d. <a href="/wiki/1630" title="1630">1630</a>)<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_31" title="December 31">December 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Y%C5%8Dzei" title="Emperor Go-Yōzei">Emperor Go-Yōzei</a> of Japan (d. <a href="/wiki/1617" title="1617">1617</a>)</li> <li>date unknown <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ainsworth" title="Henry Ainsworth">Henry Ainsworth</a>, English Nonconformist clergyman and scholar (d. <a href="/wiki/1622" title="1622">1622</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bedell" title="William Bedell">William Bedell</a>, Anglican churchman (d. <a href="/wiki/1642" title="1642">1642</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Blaeu" title="Willem Blaeu">Willem Blaeu</a>, Dutch cartographer (d. <a href="/wiki/1638" title="1638">1638</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Butler_(beekeeper)" title="Charles Butler (beekeeper)">Charles Butler</a>, English beekeeper and philologist (d. <a href="/wiki/1647" title="1647">1647</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In%C3%A9s_de_Hinojosa" title="Inés de Hinojosa">Inés de Hinojosa</a>, Venezuelan <a href="/wiki/Hacendada" class="mw-redirect" title="Hacendada">hacendada</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1540" title="1540">1540</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_de_Houtman" title="Frederick de Houtman">Frederick de Houtman</a>, Dutch explorer (d. <a href="/wiki/1627" title="1627">1627</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Inglis" title="Esther Inglis">Esther Inglis</a>, French (?British-born) calligrapher (d. <a href="/wiki/1624" title="1624">1624</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucrezia_Marinella" title="Lucrezia Marinella">Lucrezia Marinella</a>, Italian poet and author (d. <a href="/wiki/1653" title="1653">1653</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulus_Moreelse" title="Paulus Moreelse">Paulus Moreelse</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1638" title="1638">1638</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Roe_O%27Donnell" title="Hugh Roe O'Donnell">Hugh Roe O'Donnell</a>, Irish chieftain and rebel (d. <a href="/wiki/1603" title="1603">1603</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Ostrogski" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksander Ostrogski">Aleksander Ostrogski</a>, Polish nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/1603" title="1603">1603</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Peretti_di_Montalto" title="Alessandro Peretti di Montalto">Alessandro Peretti di Montalto</a>, Venetian cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1623" title="1623">1623</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Storer" title="Thomas Storer">Thomas Storer</a>, English poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1604" title="1604">1604</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wintour" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Wintour">Thomas Wintour</a>, English <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder_Plot" title="Gunpowder Plot">Gunpowder Plot</a> conspirator (d. <a href="/wiki/1606" title="1606">1606</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> 1572 <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elizabeth_Vernon,_Countess_of_Southampton_attributed_to_Marcus_Gheeraerts_the_Younger.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Elizabeth_Vernon%2C_Countess_of_Southampton_attributed_to_Marcus_Gheeraerts_the_Younger.jpeg/100px-Elizabeth_Vernon%2C_Countess_of_Southampton_attributed_to_Marcus_Gheeraerts_the_Younger.jpeg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Elizabeth_Vernon%2C_Countess_of_Southampton_attributed_to_Marcus_Gheeraerts_the_Younger.jpeg/150px-Elizabeth_Vernon%2C_Countess_of_Southampton_attributed_to_Marcus_Gheeraerts_the_Younger.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Elizabeth_Vernon%2C_Countess_of_Southampton_attributed_to_Marcus_Gheeraerts_the_Younger.jpeg/200px-Elizabeth_Vernon%2C_Countess_of_Southampton_attributed_to_Marcus_Gheeraerts_the_Younger.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Wriothesley,_Countess_of_Southampton" title="Elizabeth Wriothesley, Countess of Southampton">Elizabeth Wriothesley, Countess of Southampton</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marie_Elisabeth_de_Valois_Clouet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Marie_Elisabeth_de_Valois_Clouet.jpg/110px-Marie_Elisabeth_de_Valois_Clouet.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Marie_Elisabeth_de_Valois_Clouet.jpg/165px-Marie_Elisabeth_de_Valois_Clouet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Marie_Elisabeth_de_Valois_Clouet.jpg/220px-Marie_Elisabeth_de_Valois_Clouet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="428" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marie_Elisabeth_of_France" title="Marie Elisabeth of France">Marie Elisabeth of France</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_7" title="January 7">January 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antoine_de_Gaudier" title="Antoine de Gaudier">Antoine de Gaudier</a>, French Jesuit writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1622" title="1622">1622</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_11" title="January 11">January 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Wriothesley,_Countess_of_Southampton" title="Elizabeth Wriothesley, Countess of Southampton">Elizabeth Wriothesley, Countess of Southampton</a>, English countess (d. <a href="/wiki/1655" title="1655">1655</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_22" title="January 22">January 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Donne" title="John Donne">John Donne</a>, English poet and soldier (d. <a href="/wiki/1631" title="1631">1631</a>),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1" title="February 1">February 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Marsvin" title="Ellen Marsvin">Ellen Marsvin</a>, Danish noble, landowner and county administrator (d. <a href="/wiki/1649" title="1649">1649</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_14" title="February 14">February 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Cooke_(of_Highnam)" title="William Cooke (of Highnam)">William Cooke</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1619" title="1619">1619</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_27" title="February 27">February 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Duke_of_Lorraine" title="Francis II, Duke of Lorraine">Francis II, Duke of Lorraine</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1632" title="1632">1632</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_29" title="February 29">February 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Cecil,_1st_Viscount_Wimbledon" title="Edward Cecil, 1st Viscount Wimbledon">Edward Cecil, 1st Viscount Wimbledon</a>, English viscount (d. <a href="/wiki/1638" title="1638">1638</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">March 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_Esterh%C3%A1zy_(1572%E2%80%931596)" title="István Esterházy (1572–1596)">István Esterházy</a>, Hungarian noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1596" title="1596">1596</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">March 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Caracciolo" title="Tommaso Caracciolo">Tommaso Caracciolo</a>, Field Marshal of Spanish forces in the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1631" title="1631">1631</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">March 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Otto_III,_Duke_of_Brunswick-Harburg" title="Otto III, Duke of Brunswick-Harburg">Otto III, Duke of Brunswick-Harburg</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1641" title="1641">1641</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_4" title="April 4">April 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Strachey" title="William Strachey">William Strachey</a>, English writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1621" title="1621">1621</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_14" title="April 14">April 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adam_Tanner_(mathematician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Adam Tanner (mathematician)">Adam Tanner</a>, Austrian Jesuit professor of mathematics and philosophy (d. <a href="/wiki/1632" title="1632">1632</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Davenant" title="John Davenant">John Davenant</a>, English Anglican bishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1641" title="1641">1641</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_25" title="May 25">May 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maurice,_Landgrave_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Maurice, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel">Maurice, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel</a>, German musician (d. <a href="/wiki/1632" title="1632">1632</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_8" title="June 8">June 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Honorat_de_Porch%C3%A8res_Laugier" title="Honorat de Porchères Laugier">Honorat de Porchères Laugier</a>, French writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1653" title="1653">1653</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Count_of_Reuss-Gera" title="Henry II, Count of Reuss-Gera">Henry II, Count of Reuss-Gera</a>, Lord of Gera, Lobenstein and Oberkranichfeld (1572–1635) (d. <a href="/wiki/1635" title="1635">1635</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_11" title="June 11">June 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ben_Jonson" title="Ben Jonson">Ben Jonson</a>, English dramatist (d. <a href="/wiki/1637" title="1637">1637</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Teimuraz_I,_Prince_of_Mukhrani" title="Teimuraz I, Prince of Mukhrani">Teimuraz I, Prince of Mukhrani</a>, Georgian prince (d. <a href="/wiki/1625" title="1625">1625</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_25" title="July 25">July 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Theodorus_Schrevelius" title="Theodorus Schrevelius">Theodorus Schrevelius</a>, Dutch Golden Age writer and poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1649" title="1649">1649</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_6" title="August 6">August 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fakhr-al-Din_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Fakhr-al-Din II">Fakhr-al-Din II</a>, Ottoman Emir of <a href="/wiki/Chouf" class="mw-redirect" title="Chouf">Chouf</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1635" title="1635">1635</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11" title="September 11">September 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Daniyal_(Mughal_prince)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniyal (Mughal prince)">Daniyal</a>, Imperial Prince of the Royal House of Timur, Viceroy of Deccan (d. <a href="/wiki/1604" title="1604">1604</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_27" title="September 27">September 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francis_van_Aarssens" title="Francis van Aarssens">Francis van Aarssens</a>, Dutch diplomat (d. <a href="/wiki/1641" title="1641">1641</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_30" title="September 30">September 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Denis-Simon_de_Marquemont" title="Denis-Simon de Marquemont">Denis-Simon de Marquemont</a>, French cardinal and archbishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1626" title="1626">1626</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_27" title="October 27">October 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marie_Elisabeth_of_France" title="Marie Elisabeth of France">Marie Elisabeth of France</a>, French princess (d. <a href="/wiki/1578" title="1578">1578</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">November 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Whitmore_(died_1648)" title="William Whitmore (died 1648)">William Whitmore</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1648" title="1648">1648</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Saeckma" title="Johannes Saeckma">Johannes Saeckma</a>, Dutch Golden Age magistrate and judge of Leeuwarden (d. <a href="/wiki/1636" title="1636">1636</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_8" title="November 8">November 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Sigismund,_Elector_of_Brandenburg" title="John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg">John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1619" title="1619">1619</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_23" title="November 23">November 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Albret_Skeel" title="Albret Skeel">Albret Skeel</a>, State Admiral of Denmark (d. <a href="/wiki/1639" title="1639">1639</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_25" title="November 25">November 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Sennert" title="Daniel Sennert">Daniel Sennert</a>, German physician, chemist (d. <a href="/wiki/1637" title="1637">1637</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1" title="December 1">December 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vilem_Slavata_of_Chlum" class="mw-redirect" title="Vilem Slavata of Chlum">Vilem Slavata of Chlum</a>, Czech nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/1652" title="1652">1652</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">December 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Russell,_3rd_Earl_of_Bedford" title="Edward Russell, 3rd Earl of Bedford">Edward Russell, 3rd Earl of Bedford</a>, son of Sir Francis Russell (d. <a href="/wiki/1627" title="1627">1627</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_22" title="December 22">December 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juan_L%C3%B3pez_de_Agurto_de_la_Mata" title="Juan López de Agurto de la Mata">Juan López de Agurto de la Mata</a>, Spanish Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Coro (later Bishop of Caracas) (1634–1637) and Bishop of Puerto Rico (1630–1634) (d. <a href="/wiki/1637" title="1637">1637</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_27" title="December 27">December 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Vodnianus_Campanus" title="Johannes Vodnianus Campanus">Johannes Vodnianus Campanus</a>, Czech humanist, composer, pedagogue, poet and dramatist (d. <a href="/wiki/1622" title="1622">1622</a>)</li> <li>date unknown <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Bayer" title="Johann Bayer">Johann Bayer</a>, German astronomer (d. <a href="/wiki/1625" title="1625">1625</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_de_la_Cueva,_1st_Marquis_of_Bedmar" title="Alfonso de la Cueva, 1st Marquis of Bedmar">Alfonso de la Cueva, 1st Marquis of Bedmar</a>, Spanish diplomat (d. <a href="/wiki/1655" title="1655">1655</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arend_Dickmann" title="Arend Dickmann">Arend Dickmann</a>, Dutch admiral in the Polish Navy (d. <a href="/wiki/1627" title="1627">1627</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Floyd_(Jesuit)" title="John Floyd (Jesuit)">John Floyd</a>, English Jesuit (d. <a href="/wiki/1649" title="1649">1649</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regina_Basilier" title="Regina Basilier">Regina Basilier</a>, German-Swedish merchant banker (d. <a href="/wiki/1631" title="1631">1631</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_Gosnold" title="Bartholomew Gosnold">Bartholomew Gosnold</a>, English lawyer and explorer (d. <a href="/wiki/1607" title="1607">1607</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Lucaris" title="Cyril Lucaris">Cyril Lucaris</a>, Greek prelate and theologian (d. <a href="/wiki/1637" title="1637">1637</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mabbe" title="James Mabbe">James Mabbe</a>, English scholar and poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1642" title="1642">1642</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tomkins" title="Thomas Tomkins">Thomas Tomkins</a>, Welsh composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1656" title="1656">1656</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>probable – <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Bernardino_Azzolini" title="Giovanni Bernardino Azzolini">Giovanni Bernardino Azzolini</a> or Mazzolini or Asoleni, Italian painter (d. c.<a href="/wiki/1645" title="1645">1645</a>)</li></ul> 1573 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elias_Holl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Elias_Holl.jpg/110px-Elias_Holl.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Elias_Holl.jpg/165px-Elias_Holl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Elias_Holl.jpg/220px-Elias_Holl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3176" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Elias_Holl" title="Elias Holl">Elias Holl</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carrera_Pietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Carrera_Pietro.jpg/110px-Carrera_Pietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Carrera_Pietro.jpg/165px-Carrera_Pietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Carrera_Pietro.jpg/220px-Carrera_Pietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1055" data-file-height="1267" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Carrera" title="Pietro Carrera">Pietro Carrera</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kober-annarakuszankad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Kober-annarakuszankad.jpg/110px-Kober-annarakuszankad.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Kober-annarakuszankad.jpg/165px-Kober-annarakuszankad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Kober-annarakuszankad.jpg/220px-Kober-annarakuszankad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="836" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Austria,_Queen_of_Poland" title="Anne of Austria, Queen of Poland">Anne of Austria, Queen of Poland</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_10" title="January 10">January 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Simon_Marius" title="Simon Marius">Simon Marius</a>, German astronomer (d. <a href="/wiki/1624" title="1624">1624</a>)<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_18" title="January 18">January 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ambrosius_Bosschaert" title="Ambrosius Bosschaert">Ambrosius Bosschaert</a>, still life painter of the Dutch Golden Age (d. <a href="/wiki/1621" title="1621">1621</a>)<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_20" title="January 20">January 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexander,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg" title="Alexander, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg">Alexander, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1627" title="1627">1627</a>)<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_22" title="January 22">January 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Camerarius" title="Ludwig Camerarius">Ludwig Camerarius</a>, German politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1651" title="1651">1651</a>)<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_30" title="January 30">January 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georg_Friedrich,_Margrave_of_Baden-Durlach" class="mw-redirect" title="Georg Friedrich, Margrave of Baden-Durlach">Georg Friedrich, Margrave of Baden-Durlach</a> (1604–1622) (d. <a href="/wiki/1638" title="1638">1638</a>)<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_28" title="February 28">February 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elias_Holl" title="Elias Holl">Elias Holl</a>, German architect (d. <a href="/wiki/1646" title="1646">1646</a>)<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_12" title="March 12">March 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Agnes_Hedwig_of_Anhalt" title="Agnes Hedwig of Anhalt">Agnes Hedwig of Anhalt</a>, Abbess of Gernrode, Electress of Saxony, Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sønderborg-Plön (d. <a href="/wiki/1616" title="1616">1616</a>)<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_24" title="March 24">March 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Doria_(bishop)" title="Giovanni Doria (bishop)">Giovanni Doria</a>, Spanish noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1642" title="1642">1642</a>)<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_6" title="April 6">April 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg" title="Margaret of Brunswick-Lüneburg">Margaret of Brunswick-Lüneburg</a>, German noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1643" title="1643">1643</a>)<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_12" title="April 12">April 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Bonfr%C3%A8re" title="Jacques Bonfrère">Jacques Bonfrère</a>, Flemish Jesuit priest, biblical scholar (d. <a href="/wiki/1642" title="1642">1642</a>)<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_13" title="April 13">April 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christina_of_Holstein-Gottorp" title="Christina of Holstein-Gottorp">Christina of Holstein-Gottorp</a>, Queen of Sweden (d. <a href="/wiki/1625" title="1625">1625</a>)<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_17" title="April 17">April 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Elector_of_Bavaria" title="Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria">Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1651" title="1651">1651</a>)<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_28" title="April 28">April 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Valois,_Duke_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Charles de Valois, Duke of Angoulême">Charles de Valois, Duke of Angoulême</a>, natural son of Charles IX of France (d. <a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>)<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_12" title="May 12">May 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henri,_Duke_of_Montpensier" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri, Duke of Montpensier">Henri, Duke of Montpensier</a>, French noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1608" title="1608">1608</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_13" title="May 13">May 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Taj_Bibi_Bilqis_Makani" class="mw-redirect" title="Taj Bibi Bilqis Makani">Taj Bibi Bilqis Makani</a>, Mughal empress (d. <a href="/wiki/1619" title="1619">1619</a>)<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_12" title="June 12">June 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Radclyffe,_5th_Earl_of_Sussex" title="Robert Radclyffe, 5th Earl of Sussex">Robert Radclyffe, 5th Earl of Sussex</a>, British Earl (d. <a href="/wiki/1629" title="1629">1629</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_16" title="June 16">June 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andries_de_Witt" title="Andries de Witt">Andries de Witt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Pensionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Pensionary">Grand Pensionary</a> of <a href="/wiki/Holland" title="Holland">Holland</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1637" title="1637">1637</a>)<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_28" title="June 28">June 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Danvers,_1st_Earl_of_Danby" title="Henry Danvers, 1st Earl of Danby">Henry Danvers, 1st Earl of Danby</a>, English noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1643" title="1643">1643</a>)<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_12" title="July 12">July 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Carrera" title="Pietro Carrera">Pietro Carrera</a>, Italian priest, painter and saint (d. <a href="/wiki/1647" title="1647">1647</a>)<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">July 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bonaventure_Hepburn" title="Bonaventure Hepburn">Bonaventure Hepburn</a>, Scottish philologist and Minim friar (d. <a href="/wiki/1620" title="1620">1620</a>)<a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_15" title="July 15">July 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Inigo_Jones" title="Inigo Jones">Inigo Jones</a>, English architect (d. <a href="/wiki/1652" title="1652">1652</a>)<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Odoardo_Fialetti" title="Odoardo Fialetti">Odoardo Fialetti</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1638" title="1638">1638</a>)<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_25" title="July 25">July 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christoph_Scheiner" title="Christoph Scheiner">Christoph Scheiner</a>, German astronomer and Jesuit (d. <a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>)<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philip_II,_Duke_of_Pomerania" title="Philip II, Duke of Pomerania">Philip II, Duke of Pomerania</a>-Stettin (d. <a href="/wiki/1618" title="1618">1618</a>)<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_16" title="August 16">August 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Austria,_Queen_of_Poland" title="Anne of Austria, Queen of Poland">Anne of Austria, Queen of Poland</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1598" title="1598">1598</a>)<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_25" title="August 25">August 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Denmark,_Duchess_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel" title="Elizabeth of Denmark, Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel">Elizabeth of Denmark, Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel</a>, German regent (d. <a href="/wiki/1626" title="1626">1626</a>)<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georg_Friedrich_von_Greiffenklau" title="Georg Friedrich von Greiffenklau">Georg Friedrich von Greiffenklau</a>, Archbishop of Mainz (d. <a href="/wiki/1629" title="1629">1629</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_28" title="September 28">September 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_de_Mayerne" title="Théodore de Mayerne">Théodore de Mayerne</a>, Swiss physician (d. <a href="/wiki/1654" title="1654">1654</a>)<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_29" title="September 29">September 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Payne_(died_1631)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Payne (died 1631)">Robert Payne</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1631" title="1631">1631</a>)<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_6" title="October 6">October 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wriothesley,_3rd_Earl_of_Southampton" title="Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton">Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1624" title="1624">1624</a>)<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_7" title="October 7">October 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Laud" title="William Laud">William Laud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1645" title="1645">1645</a>)<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_11" title="October 11">October 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Boonen" title="Jacobus Boonen">Jacobus Boonen</a>, Dutch Catholic archbishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1655" title="1655">1655</a>)<a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_3" title="November 3">November 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Lorraine_(1573%E2%80%931648)" title="Catherine of Lorraine (1573–1648)">Catherine of Lorraine</a>, Abbess of Remiremont (d. <a href="/wiki/1648" title="1648">1648</a>)<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_29" title="November 29">November 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Canuti_Lenaeus" title="Johannes Canuti Lenaeus">Johannes Canuti Lenaeus</a>, archbishop of Uppsala (d. <a href="/wiki/1669" title="1669">1669</a>)<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_30" title="November 30">November 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aubert_Miraeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Aubert Miraeus">Aubert Miraeus</a>, Belgian historian (d. <a href="/wiki/1640" title="1640">1640</a>)<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_7" title="December 7">December 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Odoardo_Farnese_(cardinal)" title="Odoardo Farnese (cardinal)">Odoardo Farnese</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1626" title="1626">1626</a>)<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_21" title="December 21">December 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mathurin_R%C3%A9gnier" title="Mathurin Régnier">Mathurin Régnier</a>, French satirist (d. <a href="/wiki/1613" title="1613">1613</a>)<a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_22" title="December 22">December 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Casimir_I,_Count_of_Nassau-Dietz" title="Ernest Casimir I, Count of Nassau-Dietz">Ernest Casimir I, Count of Nassau-Dietz</a> (1606–1632) and Stadtholder of Groningen, Friesland and Drenthe (1625–1632) (d. <a href="/wiki/1632" title="1632">1632</a>)<a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Crespi" title="Giovanni Battista Crespi">Giovanni Battista Crespi</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1632" title="1632">1632</a>)<a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a></li> <li>date unknown <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gabrielle_d%27Estr%C3%A9es" title="Gabrielle d'Estrées">Gabrielle d'Estrées</a>, French royal mistress (d. <a href="/wiki/1599" title="1599">1599</a>)<a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Johnson_(16th_century)" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Johnson (16th century)">Richard Johnson</a>, English romance writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1659" title="1659">1659</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Junius" title="Johannes Junius">Johannes Junius</a>, Burgomeister of Bamberg (d. <a href="/wiki/1628" title="1628">1628</a>)<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oeyo" title="Oeyo">Oeyo</a>, wife of Tokugawa Hidetada (d. <a href="/wiki/1626" title="1626">1626</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund_B%C3%A1thory" title="Sigismund Báthory">Sigismund Báthory</a>, Prince of Transylvania and of the Holy Roman Empire (d. <a href="/wiki/1613" title="1613">1613</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>approximate year <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June" title="June">June</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joan_Pau_Pujol" title="Joan Pau Pujol">Joan Pau Pujol</a>, Catalan composer and organist (d. <a href="/wiki/1626" title="1626">1626</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> 1574 <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:236-Innocent_X.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/236-Innocent_X.jpg/110px-236-Innocent_X.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/236-Innocent_X.jpg/165px-236-Innocent_X.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/236-Innocent_X.jpg/220px-236-Innocent_X.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_X" title="Pope Innocent X">Pope Innocent X</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anne_of_Denmark_in_mourning.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Anne_of_Denmark_in_mourning.jpg/110px-Anne_of_Denmark_in_mourning.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Anne_of_Denmark_in_mourning.jpg/165px-Anne_of_Denmark_in_mourning.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Anne_of_Denmark_in_mourning.jpg/220px-Anne_of_Denmark_in_mourning.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1320" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Denmark" title="Anne of Denmark">Anne of Denmark</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_17" title="January 17">January 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fludd" title="Robert Fludd">Robert Fludd</a>, English Rosicrucian and Paracelsian physicist (d. <a href="/wiki/1637" title="1637">1637</a>)<a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_17" title="February 17">February 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pedro_T%C3%A9llez-Gir%C3%B3n,_3rd_Duke_of_Osuna" title="Pedro Téllez-Girón, 3rd Duke of Osuna">Pedro Téllez-Girón, 3rd Duke of Osuna</a>, Spanish nobleman and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1624" title="1624">1624</a>)<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">March 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carl_Gyllenhielm" title="Carl Gyllenhielm">Carl Gyllenhielm</a>, Swedish soldier and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>)<a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_5" title="March 5">March 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Oughtred" title="William Oughtred">William Oughtred</a>, English mathematician and Anglican minister (d. <a href="/wiki/1660" title="1660">1660</a>)<a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_7" title="March 7">March 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Wilbye" title="John Wilbye">John Wilbye</a>, English composer (date of baptism) (d. <a href="/wiki/1638" title="1638">1638</a>)<a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_27" title="April 27">April 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philip_Rubens" title="Philip Rubens">Philip Rubens</a>, Flemish lawyer and older brother to painter <a href="/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Peter Paul Rubens</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1611" title="1611">1611</a>)<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_6" title="May 6">May 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_X" title="Pope Innocent X">Pope Innocent X</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1655" title="1655">1655</a>)<a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_14" title="May 14">May 14</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dumonstier" title="Daniel Dumonstier">Daniel Dumonstier</a>, French artist (d. <a href="/wiki/1646" title="1646">1646</a>)<a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Rasi" title="Francesco Rasi">Francesco Rasi</a>, Italian composer, singer, instrumentalist, poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1621" title="1621">1621</a>)<a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juan_Alonso_de_Solis_y_Mendoza" title="Juan Alonso de Solis y Mendoza">Juan Alonso de Solis y Mendoza</a>, Spanish Catholic prelate, Bishop of Puerto Rico (1635–1640) (d. <a href="/wiki/1640" title="1640">1640</a>)<a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Kettler" title="Wilhelm Kettler">Wilhelm Kettler</a>, Duke of Courland (d. <a href="/wiki/1640" title="1640">1640</a>)</li> <li>June – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Barnfield" title="Richard Barnfield">Richard Barnfield</a>, English poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1627" title="1627">1627</a>)<a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hall_(bishop)" title="Joseph Hall (bishop)">Joseph Hall</a>, English bishop and satirist (d. <a href="/wiki/1656" title="1656">1656</a>)<a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">July 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Maria_of_Anhalt" title="Dorothea Maria of Anhalt">Dorothea Maria of Anhalt</a>, Duchess consort of Saxe-Weimar (1602–1605) (d. <a href="/wiki/1617" title="1617">1617</a>)<a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">July 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Clara_Maria_of_Pomerania-Barth" title="Clara Maria of Pomerania-Barth">Clara Maria of Pomerania-Barth</a>, German noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1623" title="1623">1623</a>)<a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_23" title="July 23">July 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Balthasar_I_Moretus" title="Balthasar I Moretus">Balthasar I Moretus</a>, Flemish printer (d. <a href="/wiki/1641" title="1641">1641</a>)<a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2" title="August 2">August 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_Richard_Beaumont,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Richard Beaumont, 1st Baronet">Sir Richard Beaumont, 1st Baronet</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1631" title="1631">1631</a>)<a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_7" title="August 7">August 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Dudley,_styled_Earl_of_Warwick" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Dudley, styled Earl of Warwick">Robert Dudley, styled Earl of Warwick</a>, English explorer and geographer (d. <a href="/wiki/1649" title="1649">1649</a>)<a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">August 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick_IV,_Duke_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg" title="Frederick IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg">Frederick IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg</a> (1636–1648) (d. <a href="/wiki/1648" title="1648">1648</a>)<a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_30" title="August 30">August 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Albert_Szenczi_Moln%C3%A1r" title="Albert Szenczi Molnár">Albert Szenczi Molnár</a>, Hungarian translator (d. <a href="/wiki/1634" title="1634">1634</a>)<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_6" title="September 6">September 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Luis_Sotelo" title="Luis Sotelo">Luis Sotelo</a>, Spanish Franciscan friar who died as a martyr in Japan (d. <a href="/wiki/1624" title="1624">1624</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_18" title="September 18">September 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Claudio_Achillini" title="Claudio Achillini">Claudio Achillini</a>, Italian philosopher, theologian, mathematician, poet, jurist (d. <a href="/wiki/1640" title="1640">1640</a>)<a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_29" title="September 29">September 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ludovic_Stewart,_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox" title="Ludovic Stewart, 2nd Duke of Lennox">Ludovic Stewart, 2nd Duke of Lennox</a>, Scottish nobleman and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1624" title="1624">1624</a>)<a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a></li> <li>September – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gataker" title="Thomas Gataker">Thomas Gataker</a>, English clergyman and theologian (d. <a href="/wiki/1654" title="1654">1654</a>)<a href="#cite_note-297">[297]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_25" title="October 25">October 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Sourdis" class="mw-redirect" title="François de Sourdis">François de Sourdis</a>, French Catholic cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1628" title="1628">1628</a>)<a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a><a href="#cite_note-299">[299]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">November 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Erycius_Puteanus" title="Erycius Puteanus">Erycius Puteanus</a>, Dutch humanist, philologist (d. <a href="/wiki/1646" title="1646">1646</a>)<a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_5" title="November 5">November 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_de_La_Marck" title="Charlotte de La Marck">Charlotte de La Marck</a>, French duchess (d. <a href="/wiki/1594" title="1594">1594</a>)<a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_10" title="November 10">November 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Christina_of_Austria_(1574%E2%80%931621)" class="mw-redirect" title="Archduchess Maria Christina of Austria (1574–1621)">Archduchess Maria Christina of Austria</a>, Austrian archduchess (d. <a href="/wiki/1621" title="1621">1621</a>)<a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_30" title="November 30">November 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick_of_Solms-R%C3%B6delheim" title="Frederick of Solms-Rödelheim">Frederick of Solms-Rödelheim</a>, imperial chamberlain, war and Obrist (d. <a href="/wiki/1649" title="1649">1649</a>)<a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_8" title="December 8">December 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maria_Anna_of_Bavaria_(1574%E2%80%931616)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Anna of Bavaria (1574–1616)">Maria Anna of Bavaria</a>, Archduchess of Inner Austria (d. <a href="/wiki/1616" title="1616">1616</a>)<a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_10" title="December 10">December 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Miko%C5%82aj_%C5%81%C4%99czycki" title="Mikołaj Łęczycki">Mikołaj Łęczycki</a>, Polish Jesuit (d. <a href="/wiki/1653" title="1653">1653</a>)<a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_12" title="December 12">December 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Wenceslaus,_Duke_of_Cieszyn" title="Adam Wenceslaus, Duke of Cieszyn">Adam Wenceslaus, Duke of Cieszyn</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1617" title="1617">1617</a>)<a href="#cite_note-306">[306]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Denmark" title="Anne of Denmark">Anne of Denmark</a>, queen of <a href="/wiki/James_VI_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="James VI of Scotland">James VI of Scotland</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1619" title="1619">1619</a>)<a href="#cite_note-307">[307]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_15" title="December 15">December 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Besler" title="Samuel Besler">Samuel Besler</a>, Polish composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1625" title="1625">1625</a>)<a href="#cite_note-308">[308]</a></li> <li>date unknown <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Day_(dramatist)" title="John Day (dramatist)">John Day</a>, English dramatist (d. <a href="/wiki/1640" title="1640">1640</a>)<a href="#cite_note-309">[309]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Kinsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm Kinsky">Wilhelm Kinsky</a>, Bohemian nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/1634" title="1634">1634</a>)<a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudio_Pari" title="Claudio Pari">Claudio Pari</a>, Sicilian composer<a href="#cite_note-311">[311]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feng_Menglong" title="Feng Menglong">Feng Menglong</a>, Chinese poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1645" title="1645">1645</a>)<a href="#cite_note-312">[312]</a></li></ul></li></ul> 1575 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maria_de%27_Medici_Frans_Pourbus_the_Younger_(detail).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Maria_de%27_Medici_Frans_Pourbus_the_Younger_%28detail%29.jpg/110px-Maria_de%27_Medici_Frans_Pourbus_the_Younger_%28detail%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Maria_de%27_Medici_Frans_Pourbus_the_Younger_%28detail%29.jpg/165px-Maria_de%27_Medici_Frans_Pourbus_the_Younger_%28detail%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Maria_de%27_Medici_Frans_Pourbus_the_Younger_%28detail%29.jpg/220px-Maria_de%27_Medici_Frans_Pourbus_the_Younger_%28detail%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="902" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marie_de%27_Medici" title="Marie de' Medici">Marie de' Medici</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Countess_Palatine_Anna_Maria_of_Neuburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Countess_Palatine_Anna_Maria_of_Neuburg.jpg/110px-Countess_Palatine_Anna_Maria_of_Neuburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Countess_Palatine_Anna_Maria_of_Neuburg.jpg/165px-Countess_Palatine_Anna_Maria_of_Neuburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Countess_Palatine_Anna_Maria_of_Neuburg.jpg/220px-Countess_Palatine_Anna_Maria_of_Neuburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="417" data-file-height="454" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Countess_Palatine_Anna_Maria_of_Neuburg" title="Countess Palatine Anna Maria of Neuburg">Countess Palatine Anna Maria of Neuburg</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January" title="January">January</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cecil,_16th_Baroness_de_Ros" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth Cecil, 16th Baroness de Ros">Elizabeth Cecil, 16th Baroness de Ros</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1591" title="1591">1591</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_22" title="January 22">January 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_III,_Cardinal_of_Guise" title="Louis III, Cardinal of Guise">Louis III, Cardinal of Guise</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1621" title="1621">1621</a>)</li> <li>c. <a href="/wiki/February_3" title="February 3">February 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_W%C4%85brze%C5%BAno" title="Bernard of Wąbrzeźno">Bernard of Wąbrzeźno</a>, Polish Catholic priest and Benedictine monk (d. <a href="/wiki/1603" title="1603">1603</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_4" title="February 4">February 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_B%C3%A9rulle" title="Pierre de Bérulle">Pierre de Bérulle</a>, French cardinal and statesman (d. <a href="/wiki/1629" title="1629">1629</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_15" title="February 15">February 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_Gunther_of_Nassau" title="Louis Gunther of Nassau">Louis Gunther of Nassau</a>, Count of Nassau-Katzenelnbogen (d. <a href="/wiki/1604" title="1604">1604</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_16" title="February 16">February 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Carpenter_(theologian)" title="Richard Carpenter (theologian)">Richard Carpenter</a>, English priest and theologian (d. <a href="/wiki/1625" title="1625">1625</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_21" title="February 21">February 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marten_Pepijn" title="Marten Pepijn">Marten Pepijn</a>, Flemish painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1643" title="1643">1643</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_27" title="February 27">February 27</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Adolf,_Duke_of_Holstein-Gottorp" title="John Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp">John Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp</a> (1590–1616) (d. <a href="/wiki/1616" title="1616">1616</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_of_Holstein-Gottorp" title="Anna of Holstein-Gottorp">Anna of Holstein-Gottorp</a>, countess consort of East Frisia (d. <a href="/wiki/1610" title="1610">1610</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_18" title="April 18">April 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Magnus,_Count_of_Erbach-F%C3%BCrstenau" title="Frederick Magnus, Count of Erbach-Fürstenau">Frederick Magnus, Count of Erbach-Fürstenau</a> (1606–1618) (d. <a href="/wiki/1618" title="1618">1618</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">April 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Molin" title="Francesco Molin">Francesco Molin</a>, Doge of Venice (d. <a href="/wiki/1655" title="1655">1655</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_26" title="April 26">April 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marie_de%27_Medici" title="Marie de' Medici">Marie de' Medici</a>, queen of <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV of France</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1642" title="1642">1642</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Heath" title="Robert Heath">Robert Heath</a>, English judge and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1649" title="1649">1649</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_30" title="May 30">May 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Diego_Salcedo_(bishop)" title="Diego Salcedo (bishop)">Diego Salcedo</a>, Spanish bishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1644" title="1644">1644</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_15" title="June 15">June 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lelio_Biscia" title="Lelio Biscia">Lelio Biscia</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1638" title="1638">1638</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_24" title="June 24">June 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Petre,_2nd_Baron_Petre" title="William Petre, 2nd Baron Petre">William Petre, 2nd Baron Petre</a>, English peer and MP (d. <a href="/wiki/1637" title="1637">1637</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_26" title="June 26">June 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anne_Catherine_of_Brandenburg" title="Anne Catherine of Brandenburg">Anne Catherine of Brandenburg</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1612" title="1612">1612</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">July 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_de_Vere,_Countess_of_Derby" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth de Vere, Countess of Derby">Elizabeth de Vere, Countess of Derby</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1627" title="1627">1627</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_11" title="July 11">July 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Berkeley_(1575%E2%80%931611)" title="Thomas Berkeley (1575–1611)">Thomas Berkeley</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1611" title="1611">1611</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">July 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Augustus,_Prince_of_Anhalt-Pl%C3%B6tzkau" title="Augustus, Prince of Anhalt-Plötzkau">Augustus, Prince of Anhalt-Plötzkau</a>, German prince (d. <a href="/wiki/1653" title="1653">1653</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_28" title="July 28">July 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fernando_de_Vald%C3%A9s_y_Llanos" title="Fernando de Valdés y Llanos">Fernando de Valdés y Llanos</a>, Spanish Catholic archbishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1639" title="1639">1639</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_31" title="July 31">July 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Simon_Steward_(MP)" title="Simon Steward (MP)">Simon Steward</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1632" title="1632">1632</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_14" title="August 14">August 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hayman" title="Robert Hayman">Robert Hayman</a>, English-born poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1629" title="1629">1629</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_15" title="August 15">August 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Diego,_Prince_of_Asturias" title="Diego, Prince of Asturias">Diego, Prince of Asturias</a>, Portuguese prince (d. <a href="/wiki/1582" title="1582">1582</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_18" title="August 18">August 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Countess_Palatine_Anna_Maria_of_Neuburg" title="Countess Palatine Anna Maria of Neuburg">Countess Palatine Anna Maria of Neuburg</a>, Duchess of Saxe-Altenburg (d. <a href="/wiki/1643" title="1643">1643</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_24" title="August 24">August 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Burton_(antiquary,_died_1645)" title="William Burton (antiquary, died 1645)">William Burton</a>, British antiquarian (d. <a href="/wiki/1645" title="1645">1645</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">November 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Guido_Reni" title="Guido Reni">Guido Reni</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1642" title="1642">1642</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_26" title="November 26">November 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Augustus,_Count_Palatine_of_L%C3%BCtzelstein" title="John Augustus, Count Palatine of Lützelstein">John Augustus, Count Palatine of Lützelstein</a>, German count (d. <a href="/wiki/1611" title="1611">1611</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_4" title="December 4">December 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Nun_of_Monza" title="The Nun of Monza">The Nun of Monza</a>, Italian nun (d. <a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_18" title="December 18">December 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michelagnolo_Galilei" title="Michelagnolo Galilei">Michelagnolo Galilei</a>, Italian lutenist and composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1631" title="1631">1631</a>)</li> <li>date unknown <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_B%C3%B6hme" title="Jakob Böhme">Jakob Böhme</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_mystic" class="mw-redirect" title="German mystic">German mystic</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1624" title="1624">1624</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Calderwood" title="David Calderwood">David Calderwood</a>, Scottish divine and historian (d. <a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concino_Concini" title="Concino Concini">Concino Concini</a>, 3rd <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">Prime Minister of France</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1617" title="1617">1617</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Kostka_(1575-1635)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anna Kostka (1575-1635)">Anna Kostka</a>, Polish noblewoman (d. <a href="/wiki/1635" title="1635">1635</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Cranfield,_1st_Earl_of_Middlesex" title="Lionel Cranfield, 1st Earl of Middlesex">Lionel Cranfield, 1st Earl of Middlesex</a>, successful London merchant (d. <a href="/wiki/1645" title="1645">1645</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Parker,_4th_Baron_Monteagle" title="William Parker, 4th Baron Monteagle">William Parker, 4th Baron Monteagle</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1622" title="1622">1622</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbella_Stuart" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbella Stuart">Arbella Stuart</a>, Duchess of Somerset (d. <a href="/wiki/1615" title="1615">1615</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Tourneur" title="Cyril Tourneur">Cyril Tourneur</a>, English dramatist (d. <a href="/wiki/1626" title="1626">1626</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rory_O%27Donnell,_1st_Earl_of_Tyrconnell" title="Rory O'Donnell, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell">Rory O'Donnell, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1608" title="1608">1608</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>probable <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vittoria_Aleotti" title="Vittoria Aleotti">Vittoria Aleotti</a>, Italian composer (d. c. <a href="/wiki/1620" title="1620">1620</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giambattista_Basile" title="Giambattista Basile">Giambattista Basile</a>, Italian poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1632" title="1632">1632</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Bolton" title="Edmund Bolton">Edmund Bolton</a>, English historian and poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1633" title="1633">1633</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemente_Tabone" title="Clemente Tabone">Clemente Tabone</a>, Maltese landowner and militia member (d. <a href="/wiki/1665" title="1665">1665</a>)<a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a></li></ul></li></ul> 1576 <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jakob_de_Monte_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Jakob_de_Monte_002.jpg/110px-Jakob_de_Monte_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Jakob_de_Monte_002.jpg/165px-Jakob_de_Monte_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Jakob_de_Monte_002.jpg/220px-Jakob_de_Monte_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Catherine_Renata_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Catherine Renata of Austria">Archduchess Catherine Renata of Austria</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AnnaPreu%C3%9FenBrand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/AnnaPreu%C3%9FenBrand.jpg/110px-AnnaPreu%C3%9FenBrand.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/AnnaPreu%C3%9FenBrand.jpg/165px-AnnaPreu%C3%9FenBrand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/AnnaPreu%C3%9FenBrand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="217" data-file-height="244" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Duchess_Anna_of_Prussia" title="Duchess Anna of Prussia">Duchess Anna of Prussia</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_4" title="January 4">January 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Catherine_Renata_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Catherine Renata of Austria">Archduchess Catherine Renata of Austria</a>, Austrian archduchess (d. <a href="/wiki/1599" title="1599">1599</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_5" title="January 5">January 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anne_Turner_(murderer)" title="Anne Turner (murderer)">Anne Turner</a>, English murderer (d. <a href="/wiki/1615" title="1615">1615</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_12" title="January 12">January 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Petrus_Scriverius" title="Petrus Scriverius">Petrus Scriverius</a>, Dutch writer and scholar on the history of Holland and Belgium (d. <a href="/wiki/1660" title="1660">1660</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alix_Le_Clerc" title="Alix Le Clerc">Alix Le Clerc</a>, French Canoness Regular and foundress (d. <a href="/wiki/1622" title="1622">1622</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_10" title="February 10">February 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Festus_Hommius" title="Festus Hommius">Festus Hommius</a>, Dutch theologian (d. <a href="/wiki/1642" title="1642">1642</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_29" title="February 29">February 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Neri" title="Antonio Neri">Antonio Neri</a>, Italian chemist (d. <a href="/wiki/1614" title="1614">1614</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_14" title="March 14">March 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eric_of_Lorraine" title="Eric of Lorraine">Eric of Lorraine</a>, Bishop of Verdun (d. <a href="/wiki/1623" title="1623">1623</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_31" title="March 31">March 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Countess_Louise_Juliana_of_Nassau" title="Countess Louise Juliana of Nassau">Countess Louise Juliana of Nassau</a>, countess consort and a regent of the Palatinate (d. <a href="/wiki/1644" title="1644">1644</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_17" title="May 17">May 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joam_Mattheus_Adami" title="Joam Mattheus Adami">Joam Mattheus Adami</a>, Italian Jesuit missionary (d. <a href="/wiki/1633" title="1633">1633</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_24" title="May 24">May 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Carey,_Lady_Berkeley" title="Elizabeth Carey, Lady Berkeley">Elizabeth Carey, Lady Berkeley</a>, English courtier (d. <a href="/wiki/1635" title="1635">1635</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_27" title="May 27">May 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Caspar_Schoppe" title="Caspar Schoppe">Caspar Schoppe</a>, German controversialist and scholar (d. <a href="/wiki/1649" title="1649">1649</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_6" title="June 6">June 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Diodati" title="Giovanni Diodati">Giovanni Diodati</a>, Swiss-born Italian Calvinist theologian and translator (d. <a href="/wiki/1649" title="1649">1649</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_16" title="June 16">June 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Viola" title="Giovanni Battista Viola">Giovanni Battista Viola</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1622" title="1622">1622</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_3" title="July 3">July 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Duchess_Anna_of_Prussia" title="Duchess Anna of Prussia">Duchess Anna of Prussia</a>, Electress consort of Brandenburg and Duchess consort of Prussia (d. <a href="/wiki/1625" title="1625">1625</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_22" title="September 22">September 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philipp_of_Bavaria" title="Philipp of Bavaria">Philipp of Bavaria</a>, German Catholic cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1598" title="1598">1598</a>)</li> <li>October – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Weelkes" title="Thomas Weelkes">Thomas Weelkes</a>, English composer and organist (d. <a href="/wiki/1626" title="1626">1626</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_6" title="October 6">October 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roger_Manners,_5th_Earl_of_Rutland" title="Roger Manners, 5th Earl of Rutland">Roger Manners, 5th Earl of Rutland</a>, eldest surviving son of John Manners (d. <a href="/wiki/1612" title="1612">1612</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_7" title="October 7">October 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Marston_(playwright)" title="John Marston (playwright)">John Marston</a>, English writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1634" title="1634">1634</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_12" title="October 12">October 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dudley" title="Thomas Dudley">Thomas Dudley</a>, Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony (d. <a href="/wiki/1653" title="1653">1653</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_28" title="October 28">October 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rudolph,_Prince_of_Anhalt-Zerbst" title="Rudolph, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst">Rudolph, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst</a>, Prince of Anhalt (1586–1603), then Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (1603–1621) (d. <a href="/wiki/1621" title="1621">1621</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_30" title="October 30">October 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Caterino_Davila" title="Enrico Caterino Davila">Enrico Caterino Davila</a>, Italian historian and diplomat (d. <a href="/wiki/1631" title="1631">1631</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_6" title="November 6">November 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_G%C3%BCnther,_Count_of_Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt" title="Charles Günther, Count of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt">Charles Günther, Count of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt</a> (1605–1630) (d. <a href="/wiki/1630" title="1630">1630</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_17" title="November 17">November 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roque_Gonz%C3%A1lez_de_Santa_Cruz" class="mw-redirect" title="Roque González de Santa Cruz">Roque Gonzales</a>, Paraguayan missionary (d. <a href="/wiki/1628" title="1628">1628</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_18" title="November 18">November 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Ludwig_II,_Count_of_Hanau-M%C3%BCnzenberg" title="Philipp Ludwig II, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg">Philipp Ludwig II, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg</a> (1580–1612) (d. <a href="/wiki/1612" title="1612">1612</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_27" title="November 27">November 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Shimazu_Tadatsune" title="Shimazu Tadatsune">Shimazu Tadatsune</a>, Japanese ruler of Satsuma (d. <a href="/wiki/1638" title="1638">1638</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">December 20</a> – Saint <a href="/wiki/John_Sarkander" class="mw-redirect" title="John Sarkander">John Sarkander</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia">Moravian</a> priest (d. <a href="/wiki/1620" title="1620">1620</a>)</li> <li>date unknown <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Ames" title="William Ames">William Ames</a>, English Protestant philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/1633" title="1633">1633</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carver_(Plymouth_Colony_governor)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Carver (Plymouth Colony governor)">John Carver</a>, first governor of Plymouth Colony (d. <a href="/wiki/1621" title="1621">1621</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Cesare_la_Galla" title="Giulio Cesare la Galla">Giulio Cesare la Galla</a>, professor of philosophy at the Collegio Romano in Italy (d. <a href="/wiki/1624" title="1624">1624</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santino_Solari" title="Santino Solari">Santino Solari</a>, Swiss architect and sculptor (d. <a href="/wiki/1646" title="1646">1646</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>probable – <a href="/wiki/Jesper_Mattson_Cruus_af_Edeby" title="Jesper Mattson Cruus af Edeby">Jesper Mattson Cruus af Edeby</a>, Swedish soldier and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1622" title="1622">1622</a>)</li></ul> 1577 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_IV_Pieter_Isaacsz_1612.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Christian_IV_Pieter_Isaacsz_1612.jpg/110px-Christian_IV_Pieter_Isaacsz_1612.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Christian_IV_Pieter_Isaacsz_1612.jpg/165px-Christian_IV_Pieter_Isaacsz_1612.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Christian_IV_Pieter_Isaacsz_1612.jpg/220px-Christian_IV_Pieter_Isaacsz_1612.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2300" data-file-height="2821" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Christian_IV_of_Denmark_and_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian IV of Denmark and Norway">Christian IV of Denmark and Norway</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Portrait_of_the_Artist_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Sir_Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Portrait_of_the_Artist_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/110px-Sir_Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Portrait_of_the_Artist_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Sir_Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Portrait_of_the_Artist_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/165px-Sir_Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Portrait_of_the_Artist_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Sir_Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Portrait_of_the_Artist_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Sir_Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Portrait_of_the_Artist_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3786" data-file-height="5281" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Peter Paul Rubens</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_9" title="January 9">January 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Irby_(1577%E2%80%931610)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony Irby (1577–1610)">Anthony Irby</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1610" title="1610">1610</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_12" title="January 12">January 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Stelluti" title="Francesco Stelluti">Francesco Stelluti</a>, Italian mathematician (d. <a href="/wiki/1652" title="1652">1652</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_13" title="January 13">January 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Audley" title="Hugh Audley">Hugh Audley</a>, English moneylender/lawyer/philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/1662" title="1662">1662</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_5" title="February 5">February 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Baptist_Grossschedel" title="Johann Baptist Grossschedel">Johann Baptist Grossschedel</a>, German noble, alchemist and esoteric author (d. <a href="/wiki/1630" title="1630">1630</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_6" title="February 6">February 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Cenci" title="Beatrice Cenci">Beatrice Cenci</a>, Italian noblewoman who conspired to kill her father (d. <a href="/wiki/1599" title="1599">1599</a>)<a href="#cite_note-314">[314]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_7" title="February 7">February 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francis_Walsingham_(Jesuit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Walsingham (Jesuit)">Francis Walsingham</a>, English Jesuit (d. <a href="/wiki/1647" title="1647">1647</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">February 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burton_(scholar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Burton (scholar)">Robert Burton</a>, English scholar at Oxford University (d. <a href="/wiki/1640" title="1640">1640</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_15" title="February 15">February 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Riolan_the_Younger" title="Jean Riolan the Younger">Jean Riolan the Younger</a>, French anatomist (d. <a href="/wiki/1657" title="1657">1657</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_17" title="February 17">February 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Augustus,_Duke_of_Saxe-Lauenburg" title="Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg">Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg</a>, German noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1656" title="1656">1656</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_18" title="February 18">February 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roger_North_(died_1651)" title="Roger North (died 1651)">Roger North</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1651" title="1651">1651</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_22" title="February 22">February 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Huyssens" title="Pieter Huyssens">Pieter Huyssens</a>, Flemish architect (d. <a href="/wiki/1637" title="1637">1637</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Weston,_1st_Earl_of_Portland" title="Richard Weston, 1st Earl of Portland">Richard Weston, 1st Earl of Portland</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1635" title="1635">1635</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2" title="March 2">March 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Sandys" title="George Sandys">George Sandys</a>, English traveller (d. <a href="/wiki/1644" title="1644">1644</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_5" title="March 5">March 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Franciscus_Dousa" title="Franciscus Dousa">Franciscus Dousa</a>, Dutch classical scholar (d. <a href="/wiki/1630" title="1630">1630</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">March 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Tiarini" title="Alessandro Tiarini">Alessandro Tiarini</a>, Italian Baroque painter of the Bolognese School (d. <a href="/wiki/1668" title="1668">1668</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_24" title="March 24">March 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francis,_Duke_of_Pomerania" title="Francis, Duke of Pomerania">Francis, Duke of Pomerania</a>-Stettin, Bishop of Cammin (d. <a href="/wiki/1620" title="1620">1620</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_12" title="April 12">April 12</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Christian_IV_of_Denmark_and_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian IV of Denmark and Norway">Christian IV of Denmark and Norway</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1648" title="1648">1648</a>)<a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_26" title="April 26">April 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Countess_Elisabeth_of_Nassau" title="Countess Elisabeth of Nassau">Countess Elisabeth of Nassau</a>, French noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1642" title="1642">1642</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philip_de%27_Medici" title="Philip de' Medici">Philip de' Medici</a>, Italian noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1582" title="1582">1582</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_31" title="May 31">May 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nur_Jahan" title="Nur Jahan">Nur Jahan</a>, empress consort of the Mughal Empire (d. <a href="/wiki/1645" title="1645">1645</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_12" title="June 12">June 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Guldin" title="Paul Guldin">Paul Guldin</a>, Swiss Jesuit mathematician (d. <a href="/wiki/1643" title="1643">1643</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_28" title="June 28">June 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Peter Paul Rubens</a>, Flemish painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1640" title="1640">1640</a>)<a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_9" title="July 9">July 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_West,_3rd_Baron_De_La_Warr" title="Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr">Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr</a>, English governor of Virginia (d. <a href="/wiki/1618" title="1618">1618</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_21" title="July 21">July 21</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_de_Montafi%C3%A9,_Countess_of_Clermont-en-Beauvaisis" title="Anne de Montafié, Countess of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis">Anne de Montafié, Countess of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis</a>, French countess (d. <a href="/wiki/1644" title="1644">1644</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Willaerts" title="Adam Willaerts">Adam Willaerts</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1664" title="1664">1664</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_11" title="August 11">August 11</a> (bapt.) – <a href="/wiki/Barnaby_Potter" title="Barnaby Potter">Barnaby Potter</a>, English <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Carlisle" title="Bishop of Carlisle">Bishop of Carlisle</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1642" title="1642">1642</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Scipione_Borghese" title="Scipione Borghese">Scipione Borghese</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal and art collector (d. <a href="/wiki/1633" title="1633">1633</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Otto_Heurnius" title="Otto Heurnius">Otto Heurnius</a>, Dutch physician and philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/1652" title="1652">1652</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_24" title="September 24">September 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_V,_Landgrave_of_Hesse-Darmstadt" title="Louis V, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt">Louis V, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt</a> from 1596 to 1626 (d. <a href="/wiki/1626" title="1626">1626</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_3" title="October 3">October 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tobie_Matthew" title="Tobie Matthew">Tobie Matthew</a>, English Member of Parliament, later Catholic priest (d. <a href="/wiki/1655" title="1655">1655</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_6" title="October 6">October 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_of_Bavaria_(bishop)" title="Ferdinand of Bavaria (bishop)">Ferdinand of Bavaria</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_11" title="October 11">October 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rgen_Lunge" title="Jørgen Lunge">Jørgen Lunge</a>, Danish politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1619" title="1619">1619</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_17" title="October 17">October 17</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cristofano_Allori" title="Cristofano Allori">Cristofano Allori</a>, Italian portrait painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1621" title="1621">1621</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Pozharsky" title="Dmitry Pozharsky">Dmitry Pozharsky</a>, Russian prince (d. <a href="/wiki/1642" title="1642">1642</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2" title="November 2">November 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Bridgeman_(bishop)" title="John Bridgeman (bishop)">John Bridgeman</a>, British bishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1652" title="1652">1652</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">November 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Leclerc_du_Tremblay" title="François Leclerc du Tremblay">François Leclerc du Tremblay</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1638" title="1638">1638</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_10" title="November 10">November 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Cats" title="Jacob Cats">Jacob Cats</a>, Dutch poet, jurist and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1660" title="1660">1660</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_24" title="November 24">November 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_Philip,_Count_Palatine_of_Guttenberg" title="Louis Philip, Count Palatine of Guttenberg">Louis Philip, Count Palatine of Guttenberg</a>, Palatinate-Veldenz (d. <a href="/wiki/1601" title="1601">1601</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_25" title="November 25">November 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Piet_Pieterszoon_Hein" title="Piet Pieterszoon Hein">Piet Pieterszoon Hein</a>, Dutch admiral and privateer for the Dutch Republic (d. <a href="/wiki/1629" title="1629">1629</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_8" title="December 8">December 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mario_Minniti" title="Mario Minniti">Mario Minniti</a>, Italian artist active in Sicily after <a href="/wiki/1606" title="1606">1606</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1640" title="1640">1640</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">December 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Brunelli" title="Antonio Brunelli">Antonio Brunelli</a>, Italian composer and theorist (d. <a href="/wiki/1630" title="1630">1630</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">December 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Petrus_Kirstenius" title="Petrus Kirstenius">Petrus Kirstenius</a>, German physician and orientalist (d. <a href="/wiki/1640" title="1640">1640</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_27" title="December 27">December 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Howard,_3rd_Baron_Howard_of_Effingham" title="William Howard, 3rd Baron Howard of Effingham">William Howard, 3rd Baron Howard of Effingham</a>, English politician and Baron (d. <a href="/wiki/1615" title="1615">1615</a>)</li> <li>date unknown <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Besold" class="mw-redirect" title="Christoph Besold">Christoph Besold</a>, German jurist (d. <a href="/wiki/1638" title="1638">1638</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Cavedone" title="Giacomo Cavedone">Giacomo Cavedone</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1660" title="1660">1660</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Cushman" title="Robert Cushman">Robert Cushman</a>, English Plymouth Colony settler (d. <a href="/wiki/1625" title="1625">1625</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobayakawa_Hideaki" title="Kobayakawa Hideaki">Kobayakawa Hideaki</a>, Japanese samurai and warlord (d. <a href="/wiki/1602" title="1602">1602</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Noy" title="William Noy">William Noy</a>, English lawyer and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1634" title="1634">1634</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Purchas" title="Samuel Purchas">Samuel Purchas</a>, English travel writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1626" title="1626">1626</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meletius_Smotrytsky" title="Meletius Smotrytsky">Meletius Smotrytsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruthenians" title="Ruthenians">Ruthenian</a> religious activist and author, who developed <a href="/wiki/Church_Slavonic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Church Slavonic language">Church Slavonic</a> grammar (d. <a href="/wiki/1633" title="1633">1633</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Johann_Vossius" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerhard Johann Vossius">Gerhard Johann Vossius</a>, German classical scholar and theologian (d. <a href="/wiki/1649" title="1649">1649</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> 1578 <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Harvey_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/William_Harvey_2.jpg/110px-William_Harvey_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/William_Harvey_2.jpg/165px-William_Harvey_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/William_Harvey_2.jpg/220px-William_Harvey_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="646" data-file-height="762" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William_Harvey" title="William Harvey">William Harvey</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Felipe-III-de-Espana_A-Vidal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Felipe-III-de-Espana_A-Vidal.jpg/110px-Felipe-III-de-Espana_A-Vidal.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Felipe-III-de-Espana_A-Vidal.jpg/165px-Felipe-III-de-Espana_A-Vidal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Felipe-III-de-Espana_A-Vidal.jpg/220px-Felipe-III-de-Espana_A-Vidal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="2952" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Spain" title="Philip III of Spain">Philip III of Spain</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_7" title="January 7">January 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Solms-Laubach" title="Agnes of Solms-Laubach">Agnes of Solms-Laubach</a>, Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel (d. <a href="/wiki/1602" title="1602">1602</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_10" title="January 10">January 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Clitherow" title="Christopher Clitherow">Christopher Clitherow</a>, Lord Mayor of London and Member of Parliament (d. <a href="/wiki/1641" title="1641">1641</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_28" title="January 28">January 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Haga" title="Cornelius Haga">Cornelius Haga</a>, Dutch diplomat (d. <a href="/wiki/1654" title="1654">1654</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_18" title="March 18">March 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adam_Elsheimer" title="Adam Elsheimer">Adam Elsheimer</a>, German artist working in Rome, who died at only thirty-two (d. <a href="/wiki/1610" title="1610">1610</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1" title="April 1">April 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Harvey" title="William Harvey">William Harvey</a>, English physician (d. <a href="/wiki/1657" title="1657">1657</a>)<a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_14" title="April 14">April 14</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Spain" title="Philip III of Spain">Philip III of Spain</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1621" title="1621">1621</a>)<a href="#cite_note-318">[318]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_17" title="April 17">April 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_van_der_Sandt" title="Maximilian van der Sandt">Maximilian van der Sandt</a>, Dutch theologian (d. <a href="/wiki/1656" title="1656">1656</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_11" title="May 11">May 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christian_G%C3%BCnther_I,_Count_of_Schwarzburg-Sondershausen" title="Christian Günther I, Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen">Christian Günther I, Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen</a> (1601–1642) (d. <a href="/wiki/1642" title="1642">1642</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_5" title="June 5">June 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Claude,_Duke_of_Chevreuse" title="Claude, Duke of Chevreuse">Claude, Duke of Chevreuse</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1657" title="1657">1657</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Finch,_2nd_Earl_of_Winchilsea" title="Thomas Finch, 2nd Earl of Winchilsea">Thomas Finch, 2nd Earl of Winchilsea</a>, Member of Parliament (d. <a href="/wiki/1639" title="1639">1639</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_9" title="July 9">July 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1637" title="1637">1637</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_21" title="July 21">July 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Hainhofer" title="Philipp Hainhofer">Philipp Hainhofer</a>, German merchant, banker, diplomat and art collector (d. <a href="/wiki/1647" title="1647">1647</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_27" title="July 27">July 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frances_Howard,_Duchess_of_Richmond" class="mw-redirect" title="Frances Howard, Duchess of Richmond">Frances Howard, Duchess of Richmond</a>, British duchess (d. <a href="/wiki/1639" title="1639">1639</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_31" title="July 31">July 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Countess_Catharina_Belgica_of_Nassau" title="Countess Catharina Belgica of Nassau">Countess Catharina Belgica of Nassau</a>, regent of Hanau-Münzenberg (d. <a href="/wiki/1648" title="1648">1648</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_5" title="August 5">August 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_d%27Albert,_duc_de_Luynes" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles d'Albert, duc de Luynes">Charles d'Albert, duc de Luynes</a>, first duke of Chaulnes (d. <a href="/wiki/1621" title="1621">1621</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Matteo_Rosselli" title="Matteo Rosselli">Matteo Rosselli</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_17" title="August 17">August 17</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Albani" title="Francesco Albani">Francesco Albani</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1660" title="1660">1660</a>)<a href="#cite_note-319">[319]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann,_Prince_of_Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen" title="Johann, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen">Johann, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen</a>, first prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (d. <a href="/wiki/1638" title="1638">1638</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_24" title="August 24">August 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Taylor_(poet)" title="John Taylor (poet)">John Taylor</a>, English poet who dubbed himself The Water Poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1653" title="1653">1653</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11" title="September 11">September 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Maculani" title="Vincenzo Maculani">Vincenzo Maculani</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1667" title="1667">1667</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Prideaux" title="John Prideaux">John Prideaux</a>, English academic administrator and Anglican bishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">October 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Francesco_Guidi_di_Bagno" title="Giovanni Francesco Guidi di Bagno">Giovanni Francesco Guidi di Bagno</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1641" title="1641">1641</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_12" title="October 12">October 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Baldassare_Aloisi" title="Baldassare Aloisi">Baldassare Aloisi</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1638" title="1638">1638</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christine_of_Hesse-Kassel_(1578%E2%80%931658)" title="Christine of Hesse-Kassel (1578–1658)">Christine of Hesse-Kassel</a>, Duchess of Saxe-Eisenach and Saxe-Coburg (d. <a href="/wiki/1658" title="1658">1658</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">November 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Wilhelm,_Count_Palatine_of_Neuburg" title="Wolfgang Wilhelm, Count Palatine of Neuburg">Wolfgang Wilhelm, Count Palatine of Neuburg</a>, Duke of Jülich and Berg (1614–1635) (d. <a href="/wiki/1653" title="1653">1653</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_6" title="November 6">November 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_of_Liechtenstein" title="Maximilian of Liechtenstein">Maximilian of Liechtenstein</a>, Austrian nobleman and Imperial General (d. <a href="/wiki/1645" title="1645">1645</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2" title="December 2">December 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Agostino_Agazzari" title="Agostino Agazzari">Agostino Agazzari</a>, Italian composer and music theorist (d. <a href="/wiki/1640" title="1640">1640</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_7" title="December 7">December 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Okaji_no_Kata" title="Okaji no Kata">Okaji no Kata</a>, Japanese concubine of <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Ieyasu" title="Tokugawa Ieyasu">Tokugawa Ieyasu</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1642" title="1642">1642</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">December 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Lorraine,_Duke_of_Mayenne" title="Henry of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne">Henry of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne</a>, French noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1621" title="1621">1621</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_28" title="December 28">December 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Bulstrode" title="Henry Bulstrode">Henry Bulstrode</a>, English Member of Parliament (d. <a href="/wiki/1643" title="1643">1643</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_30" title="December 30">December 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ulrik_of_Denmark_(1578%E2%80%931624)" title="Ulrik of Denmark (1578–1624)">Ulrik of Denmark</a>, Danish prince-bishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1624" title="1624">1624</a>)</li> <li>approx. date – <a href="/wiki/Fede_Galizia" title="Fede Galizia">Fede Galizia</a>, Italian painter</li> <li>date unknown <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giambattista_Andreini" title="Giambattista Andreini">Giambattista Andreini</a>, Italian actor and playwright (d. <a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>)</li> <li>Yamada Arinaga, Japanese retainer of the Shimazu clan (d. <a href="/wiki/1668" title="1668">1668</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Castelli" title="Benedetto Castelli">Benedetto Castelli</a>, Italian scientist (d. <a href="/wiki/1643" title="1643">1643</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Coventry,_1st_Baron_Coventry" title="Thomas Coventry, 1st Baron Coventry">Thomas Coventry, 1st Baron Coventry</a>, English lawyer (d. <a href="/wiki/1640" title="1640">1640</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwasa_Matabei" title="Iwasa Matabei">Iwasa Matabei</a>, Japanese painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Jordan" title="Samuel Jordan">Samuel Jordan</a>, American colonial legislator (d. <a href="/wiki/1623" title="1623">1623</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grzegorz_IV_Radziwi%C5%82%C5%82" title="Grzegorz IV Radziwiłł">Grzegorz IV Radziwiłł</a>, Polish magnate (d. <a href="/wiki/1613" title="1613">1613</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Ravaillac" title="François Ravaillac">François Ravaillac</a>, killer of Henry IV of France (d. <a href="/wiki/1610" title="1610">1610</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Rookwood" title="Ambrose Rookwood">Ambrose Rookwood</a>, English <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder_Plot" title="Gunpowder Plot">Gunpowder Plot</a> conspirator (d. <a href="/wiki/1606" title="1606">1606</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Manners,_6th_Earl_of_Rutland" title="Francis Manners, 6th Earl of Rutland">Francis Manners, 6th Earl of Rutland</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1632" title="1632">1632</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horio_Tadauji" title="Horio Tadauji">Horio Tadauji</a>, Japanese daimyō (d. <a href="/wiki/1604" title="1604">1604</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everard_Digby" title="Everard Digby">Everard Digby</a>, English conspirator (d. <a href="/wiki/1606" title="1606">1606</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> 1579 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hidetada2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Hidetada2.jpg/110px-Hidetada2.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Hidetada2.jpg/165px-Hidetada2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Hidetada2.jpg/220px-Hidetada2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2645" data-file-height="2533" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Hidetada" title="Tokugawa Hidetada">Tokugawa Hidetada</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_4" title="January 4">January 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Willem_Teellinck" title="Willem Teellinck">Willem Teellinck</a>, Dutch pastor (d. <a href="/wiki/1629" title="1629">1629</a>)<a href="#cite_note-320">[320]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6" title="January 6">January 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_P%C3%A9rez_de_Guzm%C3%A1n,_8th_Duke_of_Medina_Sidonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Manuel Pérez de Guzmán, 8th Duke of Medina Sidonia">Juan Manuel Pérez de Guzmán, 8th Duke of Medina Sidonia</a>, Spanish nobleman, Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece (d. <a href="/wiki/1636" title="1636">1636</a>)<a href="#cite_note-321">[321]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">January 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marie_of_Prussia,_Margravine_of_Brandenburg-Bayreuth" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie of Prussia, Margravine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth">Marie of Prussia, Margravine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1649" title="1649">1649</a>)<a href="#cite_note-322">[322]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_27" title="January 27">January 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Tornielli" title="Antonio Tornielli">Antonio Tornielli</a>, Italian Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Novara (1636–1650) (d. <a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_24" title="February 24">February 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Jacob_Grasser" title="Johann Jacob Grasser">Johann Jacob Grasser</a>, Swiss poet, historian and theologian (d. <a href="/wiki/1627" title="1627">1627</a>)<a href="#cite_note-323">[323]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">March 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francis_Mansell" title="Francis Mansell">Francis Mansell</a>, English academic (d. <a href="/wiki/1665" title="1665">1665</a>)<a href="#cite_note-324">[324]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_10" title="April 10">April 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Augustus_the_Younger,_Duke_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustus the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg">Augustus the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1666" title="1666">1666</a>)<a href="#cite_note-325">[325]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_12" title="April 12">April 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Bassompierre" title="François de Bassompierre">François de Bassompierre</a>, French courtier (d. <a href="/wiki/1646" title="1646">1646</a>)<a href="#cite_note-326">[326]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1" title="May 1">May 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wolphert_Gerretse" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolphert Gerretse">Wolphert Gerretse</a>, Dutch founder of the New Netherland Colony (d. <a href="/wiki/1662" title="1662">1662</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2" title="May 2">May 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Hidetada" title="Tokugawa Hidetada">Tokugawa Hidetada</a>, Japanese shōgun (d. <a href="/wiki/1632" title="1632">1632</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_17" title="June 17">June 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_I,_Prince_of_Anhalt-K%C3%B6then" title="Louis I, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen">Louis I, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen</a>, German prince (d. <a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>)<a href="#cite_note-327">[327]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">June 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Afonso_Mendes" title="Afonso Mendes">Afonso Mendes</a>, Patriarch of Ethiopia (d. <a href="/wiki/1659" title="1659">1659</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">July 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Janusz_Radziwi%C5%82%C5%82_(1579%E2%80%931620)" title="Janusz Radziwiłł (1579–1620)">Janusz Radziwiłł</a>, Lithuanian and Polish nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/1620" title="1620">1620</a>)<a href="#cite_note-328">[328]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_6" title="July 6">July 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bernardino_de_Almansa_Carri%C3%B3n" title="Bernardino de Almansa Carrión">Bernardino de Almansa Carrión</a>, Spanish Catholic prelate and Archbishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1633" title="1633">1633</a>)<a href="#cite_note-329">[329]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Norris,_1st_Earl_of_Berkshire" title="Francis Norris, 1st Earl of Berkshire">Francis Norris, 1st Earl of Berkshire</a>, English noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1622" title="1622">1622</a>)<a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Dee" title="Arthur Dee">Arthur Dee</a>, English physician and alchemist (d. <a href="/wiki/1651" title="1651">1651</a>)<a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1" title="August 1">August 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Luis_V%C3%A9lez_de_Guevara" title="Luis Vélez de Guevara">Luis Vélez de Guevara</a>, Spanish dramatist and novelist (d. <a href="/wiki/1644" title="1644">1644</a>)<a href="#cite_note-332">[332]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_18" title="August 18">August 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Countess_Charlotte_Flandrina_of_Nassau" title="Countess Charlotte Flandrina of Nassau">Countess Charlotte Flandrina of Nassau</a>, Dutch-French abbess (d. <a href="/wiki/1640" title="1640">1640</a>)<a href="#cite_note-333">[333]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_21" title="August 21">August 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henri,_Duke_of_Rohan" title="Henri, Duke of Rohan">Henri, Duke of Rohan</a>, French Huguenot soldier and writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1638" title="1638">1638</a>)<a href="#cite_note-334">[334]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dempster" title="Thomas Dempster">Thomas Dempster</a>, Scottish scholar and historian (d. <a href="/wiki/1625" title="1625">1625</a>)<a href="#cite_note-335">[335]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Frederick_of_Holstein-Gottorp,_Prince-Bishop" class="mw-redirect" title="John Frederick of Holstein-Gottorp, Prince-Bishop">John Frederick of Holstein-Gottorp, Prince-Bishop</a>, German Catholic archbishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1634" title="1634">1634</a>)<a href="#cite_note-336">[336]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_I,_Count_of_Erbach-Erbach" title="Louis I, Count of Erbach-Erbach">Louis I, Count of Erbach-Erbach</a> (1606–1643) (d. <a href="/wiki/1643" title="1643">1643</a>)<a href="#cite_note-337">[337]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_16" title="September 16">September 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Coster" title="Samuel Coster">Samuel Coster</a>, Dutch writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1665" title="1665">1665</a>)<a href="#cite_note-338">[338]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Howard,_2nd_Earl_of_Nottingham" title="Charles Howard, 2nd Earl of Nottingham">Charles Howard, 2nd Earl of Nottingham</a>, English noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1642" title="1642">1642</a>)<a href="#cite_note-339">[339]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">October 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Guido_Bentivoglio" title="Guido Bentivoglio">Guido Bentivoglio</a>, Italian cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1644" title="1644">1644</a>)<a href="#cite_note-340">[340]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Abdy_(1579%E2%80%931640)" title="Anthony Abdy (1579–1640)">Anthony Abdy</a>, English merchant (d. <a href="/wiki/1640" title="1640">1640</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Pe%C3%B1alosa" title="Juan de Peñalosa">Juan de Peñalosa</a>, Spanish painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1633" title="1633">1633</a>)<a href="#cite_note-341">[341]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_11" title="November 11">November 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frans_Snyders" title="Frans Snyders">Frans Snyders</a>, Flemish painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1657" title="1657">1657</a>)<a href="#cite_note-342">[342]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_12" title="November 12">November 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_of_Hanau-M%C3%BCnzenberg" title="Albrecht of Hanau-Münzenberg">Albrecht of Hanau-Münzenberg</a>, German nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/1635" title="1635">1635</a>)<a href="#cite_note-343">[343]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_16" title="November 16">November 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Federico_Baldissera_Bartolomeo_Cornaro" title="Federico Baldissera Bartolomeo Cornaro">Federico Baldissera Bartolomeo Cornaro</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1653" title="1653">1653</a>)<a href="#cite_note-344">[344]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_9" title="December 9">December 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Martin_de_Porres" title="Martin de Porres">Martin de Porres</a>, Peruvian monk, Roman Catholic saint (d. <a href="/wiki/1639" title="1639">1639</a>)<a href="#cite_note-345">[345]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">December 20</a> (bapt.) – <a href="/wiki/John_Fletcher_(playwright)" title="John Fletcher (playwright)">John Fletcher</a>, English dramatist (d. <a href="/wiki/1625" title="1625">1625</a>)<a href="#cite_note-346">[346]</a></li> <li>date unknown <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Astley,_1st_Baron_Astley_of_Reading" title="Jacob Astley, 1st Baron Astley of Reading">Jacob Astley, 1st Baron Astley of Reading</a>, royalist commander in the English Civil War (d. <a href="/wiki/1652" title="1652">1652</a>)<a href="#cite_note-347">[347]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Johnston_(poet)" title="Arthur Johnston (poet)">Arthur Johnston</a>, Scottish physician and poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1641" title="1641">1641</a>)<a href="#cite_note-348">[348]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ogilvie_(saint)" title="John Ogilvie (saint)">John Ogilvie</a>, Scottish Jesuit, Roman Catholic saint (martyred <a href="/wiki/1615" title="1615">1615</a>)<a href="#cite_note-349">[349]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Meursius" title="Johannes Meursius">Johannes Meursius</a>, Dutch classical scholar and antiquary (d. <a href="/wiki/1639" title="1639">1639</a>)<a href="#cite_note-350">[350]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable noprint selfref">Transcluding articles: <a href="/wiki/1570" title="1570">1570</a>, <a href="/wiki/1571" title="1571">1571</a>, <a href="/wiki/1572" title="1572">1572</a>, <a href="/wiki/1573" title="1573">1573</a>, <a href="/wiki/1574" title="1574">1574</a>, <a href="/wiki/1575" title="1575">1575</a>, <a href="/wiki/1576" title="1576">1576</a>, <a href="/wiki/1577" title="1577">1577</a>, <a href="/wiki/1578" title="1578">1578</a>, and <a href="/wiki/1579" title="1579">1579</a></div> 1570 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ritratto_di_Ippolita_Gonzaga.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Ritratto_di_Ippolita_Gonzaga.PNG/110px-Ritratto_di_Ippolita_Gonzaga.PNG" decoding="async" width="110" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Ritratto_di_Ippolita_Gonzaga.PNG/165px-Ritratto_di_Ippolita_Gonzaga.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Ritratto_di_Ippolita_Gonzaga.PNG/220px-Ritratto_di_Ippolita_Gonzaga.PNG 2x" data-file-width="584" data-file-height="715" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ippolita_Gonzaga" title="Ippolita Gonzaga">Ippolita Gonzaga</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobrega2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Nobrega2.jpg/110px-Nobrega2.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Nobrega2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="203" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Manuel_da_Nobrega" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuel da Nobrega">Manuel da Nobrega</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fryderyk_III_legnicki.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Fryderyk_III_legnicki.jpg/110px-Fryderyk_III_legnicki.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Fryderyk_III_legnicki.jpg/165px-Fryderyk_III_legnicki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Fryderyk_III_legnicki.jpg/220px-Fryderyk_III_legnicki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1853" /></a><figcaption>Duke <a href="/wiki/Frederick_III_of_Legnica" title="Frederick III of Legnica">Frederick III of Legnica</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_8" title="January 8">January 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philibert_de_l%27Orme" title="Philibert de l'Orme">Philibert de l'Orme</a>, French architect (b. <a href="/wiki/1510" title="1510">1510</a>)<a href="#cite_note-351">[351]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February" title="February">February</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Balnaves" title="Henry Balnaves">Henry Balnaves</a>, Scottish politician and religious reformer (b. <a href="/wiki/1512" title="1512">1512</a>)<a href="#cite_note-352">[352]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">January 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Stewart,_1st_Earl_of_Moray" title="James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray">James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray</a>, regent of Scotland (assassinated) (b. c.<a href="/wiki/1531" title="1531">1531</a>)<a href="#cite_note-353">[353]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">February 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eleonora_Gonzaga,_Duchess_of_Urbino" title="Eleonora Gonzaga, Duchess of Urbino">Eleonora Gonzaga, Duchess of Urbino</a>, politically active Italian duchess (b. <a href="/wiki/1493" title="1493">1493</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_20" title="February 20">February 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Scheubel" title="Johannes Scheubel">Johannes Scheubel</a>, German mathematician (b. <a href="/wiki/1494" title="1494">1494</a>)<a href="#cite_note-354">[354]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bernhard_VII,_Prince_of_Anhalt-Zerbst" title="Bernhard VII, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst">Bernhard VII, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1540" title="1540">1540</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_16" title="March 16">March 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ippolita_Gonzaga" title="Ippolita Gonzaga">Ippolita Gonzaga</a>, Italian nun (b. <a href="/wiki/1503" title="1503">1503</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_13" title="April 13">April 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Daniele_Barbaro" title="Daniele Barbaro">Daniele Barbaro</a>, Italian architect (b. <a href="/wiki/1514" title="1514">1514</a>)<a href="#cite_note-355">[355]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_3" title="July 3">July 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aonio_Paleario" title="Aonio Paleario">Aonio Paleario</a>, Italian humanist and reformer (executed) (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1500" title="1500">1500</a>)<a href="#cite_note-356">[356]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_25" title="July 25">July 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Mikhailovich_Viskovatyi" title="Ivan Mikhailovich Viskovatyi">Ivan Mikhailovich Viskovatyi</a>, Russian diplomat<a href="#cite_note-357">[357]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_4" title="August 4">August 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marie_Catherine_Gondi" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Catherine Gondi">Marie Catherine Gondi</a>, French court official (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1500" title="1500">1500</a>)<a href="#cite_note-358">[358]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11" title="September 11">September 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Brenz" title="Johannes Brenz">Johannes Brenz</a>, German theologian and Protestant Reformer (b. <a href="/wiki/1499" title="1499">1499</a>)<a href="#cite_note-359">[359]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frans_Floris" title="Frans Floris">Frans Floris</a>, Flemish painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1520" title="1520">1520</a>)<a href="#cite_note-360">[360]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Manuel_da_N%C3%B3brega" title="Manuel da Nóbrega">Manuel da Nóbrega</a>, Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> missionary in Brazil (b. <a href="/wiki/1517" title="1517">1517</a>)<a href="#cite_note-361">[361]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_20" title="October 20">October 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_de_Barros" title="João de Barros">João de Barros</a>, Portuguese historian (b. <a href="/wiki/1496" title="1496">1496</a>)<a href="#cite_note-362">[362]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Laparelli" title="Francesco Laparelli">Francesco Laparelli</a>, Italian architect (b. <a href="/wiki/1521" title="1521">1521</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November" title="November">November</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Gr%C3%A9vin" title="Jacques Grévin">Jacques Grévin</a>, French dramatist (b. <a href="/wiki/1539" title="1539">1539</a>)<a href="#cite_note-363">[363]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">November 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ruxandra_L%C4%83pu%C8%99neanu" title="Ruxandra Lăpușneanu">Ruxandra Lăpușneanu</a>, Moldavian regent (b. <a href="/wiki/1538" title="1538">1538</a>)<a href="#cite_note-364">[364]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_27" title="November 27">November 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacopo_Sansovino" title="Jacopo Sansovino">Jacopo Sansovino</a>, Italian sculptor and architect (b. <a href="/wiki/1486" title="1486">1486</a>)<a href="#cite_note-365">[365]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_15" title="December 15">December 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick_III_of_Legnica" title="Frederick III of Legnica">Frederick III of Legnica</a>, Duke of Legnica (b. <a href="/wiki/1520" title="1520">1520</a>)<a href="#cite_note-366">[366]</a></li> <li>date unknown <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bonivard" title="François Bonivard">François Bonivard</a>, Swiss patriot and historian (b. <a href="/wiki/1496" title="1496">1496</a>)<a href="#cite_note-367">[367]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Primaticcio" title="Francesco Primaticcio">Francesco Primaticcio</a>, Italian painter, architect, and sculptor (b. <a href="/wiki/1504" title="1504">1504</a>)<a href="#cite_note-368">[368]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_de_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa" title="Tomás de Santa María">Tomás de Santa María</a>, Spanish music theorist<a href="#cite_note-369">[369]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Gallo" title="Agostino Gallo">Agostino Gallo</a>, Italian agronomist (b. <a href="/wiki/1499" title="1499">1499</a>)<a href="#cite_note-370">[370]</a></li></ul></li></ul> 1571 <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hans_Asper.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Hans_Asper.jpg/110px-Hans_Asper.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Hans_Asper.jpg/165px-Hans_Asper.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Hans_Asper.jpg/220px-Hans_Asper.jpg 2x" data-file-width="964" data-file-height="1412" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hans_Asper" title="Hans Asper">Hans Asper</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_3" title="January 3">January 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_II_Hector,_Elector_of_Brandenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg">Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1505" title="1505">1505</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_Hwang" title="Yi Hwang">Yi Hwang</a>, Korean Neo-Confucian scholar, (b.<a href="/wiki/1502" title="1502">1502</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_9" title="January 9">January 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Durand_de_Villegaignon" title="Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon">Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon</a>, French naval officer (b. <a href="/wiki/1510" title="1510">1510</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_13" title="January 13">January 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/John,_Margrave_of_Brandenburg-K%C3%BCstrin" title="John, Margrave of Brandenburg-Küstrin">John, Margrave of Brandenburg-Küstrin</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1513" title="1513">1513</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_19" title="January 19">January 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paris_Bordone" title="Paris Bordone">Paris Bordone</a>, Venetian painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1495" title="1495">1495</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Throckmorton" title="Nicholas Throckmorton">Nicholas Throckmorton</a>, English diplomat and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1515" title="1515">1515</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">February 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Benvenuto_Cellini" title="Benvenuto Cellini">Benvenuto Cellini</a>, Italian artist (b. <a href="/wiki/1500" title="1500">1500</a>)<a href="#cite_note-371">[371]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_6" title="March 6">March 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tsukahara_Bokuden" title="Tsukahara Bokuden">Tsukahara Bokuden</a>, Japanese swordsman (b. <a href="/wiki/1489" title="1489">1489</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_14" title="March 14">March 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Sigismund_Z%C3%A1polya" title="John Sigismund Zápolya">John Sigismund Zápolya</a>, King of Hungary (b. <a href="/wiki/1540" title="1540">1540</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_21" title="March 21">March 21</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odet_de_Coligny" title="Odet de Coligny">Odet de Coligny</a>, French cardinal and Protestant (b. <a href="/wiki/1517" title="1517">1517</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Asper" title="Hans Asper">Hans Asper</a>, Swiss painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1499" title="1499">1499</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_6" title="April 6">April 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Hamilton_(archbishop_of_St_Andrews)" title="John Hamilton (archbishop of St Andrews)">John Hamilton</a>, Scottish prelate and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1511" title="1511">1511</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_4" title="May 4">May 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Viret" title="Pierre Viret">Pierre Viret</a>, Swiss theologian (b. <a href="/wiki/1511" title="1511">1511</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_29" title="May 29">May 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joachim_M%C3%B6rlin" title="Joachim Mörlin">Joachim Mörlin</a>, German Lutheran bishop (b. <a href="/wiki/1514" title="1514">1514</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1" title="June 1">June 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Story_(martyr)" title="John Story (martyr)">John Story</a>, English Catholic (martyred) (b. <a href="/wiki/1504" title="1504">1504</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">June 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tarik_Sulayman" title="Tarik Sulayman">Tarik Sulayman</a>, Filipino chieftain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_7" title="June 7">June 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Corteccia" title="Francesco Corteccia">Francesco Corteccia</a>, Italian composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1502" title="1502">1502</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_6" title="July 6">July 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/M%C5%8Dri_Motonari" title="Mōri Motonari">Mōri Motonari</a>, Japanese warlord (b. <a href="/wiki/1497" title="1497">1497</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_15" title="July 15">July 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Shimazu_Takahisa" title="Shimazu Takahisa">Shimazu Takahisa</a>, Japanese samurai and warlord (b. <a href="/wiki/1514" title="1514">1514</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_17" title="July 17">July 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georg_Fabricius" title="Georg Fabricius">Georg Fabricius</a>, German poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1516" title="1516">1516</a>)<a href="#cite_note-372">[372]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_17" title="August 17">August 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marco_Antonio_Bragadin" title="Marco Antonio Bragadin">Marco Antonio Bragadin</a>, Venetian lawyer and military officer (b. <a href="/wiki/1523" title="1523">1523</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_4" title="September 4">September 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Stewart,_4th_Earl_of_Lennox" title="Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox">Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1516" title="1516">1516</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_23" title="September 23">September 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Jewel" title="John Jewel">John Jewel</a>, English Anglican bishop (b. <a href="/wiki/1522" title="1522">1522</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_7" title="October 7">October 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_of_Saxe-Lauenburg" title="Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg">Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg</a>, Danish queen, consort of <a href="/wiki/Christian_III_of_Denmark" title="Christian III of Denmark">Christian III of Denmark</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1511" title="1511">1511</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCezzinzade_Ali_Pasha" title="Müezzinzade Ali Pasha">Müezzinzade Ali Pasha</a>, Ottoman statesmen and naval officer</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_24" title="November 24">November 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jan_Blahoslav" title="Jan Blahoslav">Jan Blahoslav</a>, Czech writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1523" title="1523">1523</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_14" title="December 14">December 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Strozzi" title="Lorenzo Strozzi">Lorenzo Strozzi</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. <a href="/wiki/1513" title="1513">1513</a>)</li> <li>date unknown <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Titu_Cusi" title="Titu Cusi">Titu Cusi</a>, Incan ruler (b. <a href="/wiki/1529" title="1529">1529</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Vigf%C3%BAsd%C3%B3ttir_%C3%A1_St%C3%B3ru-Borg" title="Anna Vigfúsdóttir á Stóru-Borg">Anna Vigfúsdóttir á Stóru-Borg</a>, Icelandic landowner</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setthathirath" title="Setthathirath">Setthathirath</a>, Laotian king of <a href="/wiki/Lan_Na" title="Lan Na">Lan Na</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lan_Xang" title="Lan Xang">Lan Xang</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1534" title="1534">1534</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> 1572 <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:El_Greco_050.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/El_Greco_050.jpg/110px-El_Greco_050.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/El_Greco_050.jpg/165px-El_Greco_050.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/El_Greco_050.jpg/220px-El_Greco_050.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1576" data-file-height="2119" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pope Pius V</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%98%8E%E7%A9%86%E5%AE%97%E7%94%BB%E5%83%8F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/%E6%98%8E%E7%A9%86%E5%AE%97%E7%94%BB%E5%83%8F.jpg/110px-%E6%98%8E%E7%A9%86%E5%AE%97%E7%94%BB%E5%83%8F.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/%E6%98%8E%E7%A9%86%E5%AE%97%E7%94%BB%E5%83%8F.jpg/165px-%E6%98%8E%E7%A9%86%E5%AE%97%E7%94%BB%E5%83%8F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/%E6%98%8E%E7%A9%86%E5%AE%97%E7%94%BB%E5%83%8F.jpg/220px-%E6%98%8E%E7%A9%86%E5%AE%97%E7%94%BB%E5%83%8F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3069" data-file-height="3891" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Longqing_Emperor" title="Longqing Emperor">Longqing Emperor</a> of China</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cranach_the_Younger_Sigismund_II_Augustus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Cranach_the_Younger_Sigismund_II_Augustus.jpg/110px-Cranach_the_Younger_Sigismund_II_Augustus.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Cranach_the_Younger_Sigismund_II_Augustus.jpg/165px-Cranach_the_Younger_Sigismund_II_Augustus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Cranach_the_Younger_Sigismund_II_Augustus.jpg/220px-Cranach_the_Younger_Sigismund_II_Augustus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="890" data-file-height="1058" /></a><figcaption>King <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_II_Augustus" title="Sigismund II Augustus">Sigismund II Augustus</a> of Poland</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:208px;max-width:208px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:102px;max-width:102px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Gorum_Johannes_van_Hoornaar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Gorum_Johannes_van_Hoornaar.jpg/100px-Gorum_Johannes_van_Hoornaar.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Gorum_Johannes_van_Hoornaar.jpg/150px-Gorum_Johannes_van_Hoornaar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Gorum_Johannes_van_Hoornaar.jpg/200px-Gorum_Johannes_van_Hoornaar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="619" data-file-height="1352" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:102px;max-width:102px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Martyrs_de_Gorkum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Martyrs_de_Gorkum.jpg/100px-Martyrs_de_Gorkum.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Martyrs_de_Gorkum.jpg/150px-Martyrs_de_Gorkum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Martyrs_de_Gorkum.jpg/200px-Martyrs_de_Gorkum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1358" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Saint <a href="/wiki/John_of_Cologne" title="John of Cologne">John of Cologne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Gorkum" title="Martyrs of Gorkum">Martyrs of Gorkum</a> died on <a href="/wiki/July_7" title="July 7">July 7</a>, 1572</div></div></div></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miguel_L%C3%B3pez_de_Legazpi,_en_La_Hormiga_de_Oro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Miguel_L%C3%B3pez_de_Legazpi%2C_en_La_Hormiga_de_Oro.jpg/110px-Miguel_L%C3%B3pez_de_Legazpi%2C_en_La_Hormiga_de_Oro.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Miguel_L%C3%B3pez_de_Legazpi%2C_en_La_Hormiga_de_Oro.jpg/165px-Miguel_L%C3%B3pez_de_Legazpi%2C_en_La_Hormiga_de_Oro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Miguel_L%C3%B3pez_de_Legazpi%2C_en_La_Hormiga_de_Oro.jpg/220px-Miguel_L%C3%B3pez_de_Legazpi%2C_en_La_Hormiga_de_Oro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="517" data-file-height="848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Lopez_de_Legazpi" class="mw-redirect" title="Miguel Lopez de Legazpi">Miguel Lopez de Legazpi</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaspard_de_Coligny_1517_1572.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Gaspard_de_Coligny_1517_1572.jpg/100px-Gaspard_de_Coligny_1517_1572.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Gaspard_de_Coligny_1517_1572.jpg/150px-Gaspard_de_Coligny_1517_1572.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Gaspard_de_Coligny_1517_1572.jpg/200px-Gaspard_de_Coligny_1517_1572.jpg 2x" data-file-width="783" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gaspard_II_de_Coligny" title="Gaspard II de Coligny">Gaspard de Coligny</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Francisco_de_Borja.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/San_Francisco_de_Borja.jpg/110px-San_Francisco_de_Borja.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/San_Francisco_de_Borja.jpg/165px-San_Francisco_de_Borja.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/San_Francisco_de_Borja.jpg/220px-San_Francisco_de_Borja.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1093" data-file-height="1701" /></a><figcaption>Saint <a href="/wiki/Francis_Borgia,_4th_Duke_of_Gand%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Borgia, 4th Duke of Gandía">Francis Borgia</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_22" title="January 22">January 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Burgrave_of_Plauen" title="Henry VI, Burgrave of Plauen">Henry VI, Burgrave of Plauen</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1536" title="1536">1536</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_26" title="January 26">January 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Monte" title="Pierre de Monte">Pierre de Monte</a>, French 50th Grandmaster of the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Knights Hospitaller</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1499" title="1499">1499</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_21" title="February 21">February 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cho_Shik" class="mw-redirect" title="Cho Shik">Cho Shik</a>, Korean Confucian scholar and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1501" title="1501">1501</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_23" title="February 23">February 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Certon" title="Pierre Certon">Pierre Certon</a>, French composer (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1510" title="1510">1510</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26" title="February 26">February 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Agust%C3%ADn" title="Pedro Agustín">Pedro Agustín</a>, Spanish <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> bishop (b. <a href="/wiki/1512" title="1512">1512</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_28" title="February 28">February 28</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegidius_Tschudi" title="Aegidius Tschudi">Aegidius Tschudi</a>, Swiss historian (b. <a href="/wiki/1505" title="1505">1505</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Austria,_Queen_of_Poland" title="Catherine of Austria, Queen of Poland">Catherine of Austria, Queen of Poland</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1533" title="1533">1533</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udai_Singh_II" title="Udai Singh II">Udai Singh II</a>, King of Mewar (b. <a href="/wiki/1522" title="1522">1522</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2" title="March 2">March 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mem_de_S%C3%A1" title="Mem de Sá">Mem de Sá</a>, Portuguese Governor-General of Brazil (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1500" title="1500">1500</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">March 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Paulet,_1st_Marquess_of_Winchester" title="William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester">William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester</a> (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1483" title="1483">1483</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_27" title="March 27">March 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Maggi" title="Girolamo Maggi">Girolamo Maggi</a>, Italian <a href="/wiki/Polymath" title="Polymath">Renaissance man</a> (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1523" title="1523">1523</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2" title="April 2">April 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg,_Duchess_of_Guelders" title="Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Duchess of Guelders">Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Duchess of Guelders</a> (1518–1538) (b. <a href="/wiki/1494" title="1494">1494</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1" title="May 1">May 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pope Pius V</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1504" title="1504">1504</a>)<a href="#cite_note-373">[373]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_11" title="May 11">May 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Moses_Isserles" title="Moses Isserles">Moses Isserles</a>, Polish Jewish rabbi and Talmudist (b. <a href="/wiki/1530" title="1530">1530</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2" title="June 2">June 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Howard,_4th_Duke_of_Norfolk" title="Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk">Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk</a> (executed) (b. <a href="/wiki/1536" title="1536">1536</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_9" title="June 9">June 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Albret" title="Jeanne d'Albret">Jeanne d'Albret</a>, Queen of Navarre (b. <a href="/wiki/1528" title="1528">1528</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_28" title="June 28">June 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Goropius_Becanus" title="Johannes Goropius Becanus">Johannes Goropius Becanus</a>, Dutch physician, linguist, and humanist (b. <a href="/wiki/1519" title="1519">1519</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_5" title="July 5">July 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Longqing_Emperor" title="Longqing Emperor">Longqing Emperor</a> of China (b. <a href="/wiki/1537" title="1537">1537</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_7" title="July 7">July 7</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_II_Augustus" title="Sigismund II Augustus">Sigismund II Augustus</a> of Poland (b. <a href="/wiki/1520" title="1520">1520</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_9" title="July 9">July 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Cologne" title="John of Cologne">John of Cologne</a>, Dutch <a href="/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscan</a> friar, martyr and saint (b. <a href="/wiki/1510" title="1510">1510</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Gorkum" title="Martyrs of Gorkum">Martyrs of Gorkum</a> (b. Dutch nationality)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Pieck" title="Nicholas Pieck">Nicholas Pieck</a>, Dutch Franciscan friar, martyr and saint (b. <a href="/wiki/1534" title="1534">1534</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_25" title="July 25">July 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Luria" title="Isaac Luria">Isaac Luria</a>, Palestinian-born Jewish Kabbalist (b. <a href="/wiki/1534" title="1534">1534</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_20" title="August 20">August 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Miguel_L%C3%B3pez_de_Legazpi" title="Miguel López de Legazpi">Miguel López de Legazpi</a>, Spanish conquistador (b. <a href="/wiki/1502" title="1502">1502</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_24" title="August 24">August 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaspard_II_de_Coligny" title="Gaspard II de Coligny">Gaspard de Coligny</a>, French <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> leader (b. <a href="/wiki/1519" title="1519">1519</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_T%C3%A9ligny" title="Charles de Téligny">Charles de Téligny</a>, French soldier and diplomat (b. <a href="/wiki/1535" title="1535">1535</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_26" title="August 26">August 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Petrus_Ramus" title="Petrus Ramus">Pierre de la Ramée</a>, French humanist scholar (b. <a href="/wiki/1515" title="1515">1515</a>)</li> <li>August – <a href="/wiki/Claude_Goudimel" title="Claude Goudimel">Claude Goudimel</a>, French composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1510" title="1510">1510</a>)</li> <li>September – <a href="/wiki/Denis_Lambin" title="Denis Lambin">Denis Lambin</a>, French classical scholar (b. <a href="/wiki/1520" title="1520">1520</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_19" title="September 19">September 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Barbara_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Barbara of Austria">Archduchess Barbara of Austria</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1539" title="1539">1539</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_24" title="September 24">September 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BApac_Amaru" title="Túpac Amaru">Túpac Amaru</a>, last of the Incas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_30" title="September 30">September 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francis_Borgia,_4th_Duke_of_Gand%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Borgia, 4th Duke of Gandía">Francis Borgia</a>, Italian <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> priest and saint (b. <a href="/wiki/1510" title="1510">1510</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_24" title="October 24">October 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Stanley,_3rd_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Stanley, 3rd Earl of Derby">Edward Stanley, 3rd Earl of Derby</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1508" title="1508">1508</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_25" title="October 25">October 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cosimo_Bartoli" title="Cosimo Bartoli">Cosimo Bartoli</a>, Italian diplomat and writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1503" title="1503">1503</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_29" title="October 29">October 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Erskine,_Earl_of_Mar_(d._1572)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Erskine, Earl of Mar (d. 1572)">John Erskine, Earl of Mar</a>, regent of Scotland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9" title="November 9">November 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Al-Mutahhar" title="Al-Mutahhar">Al-Mutahhar</a>, Imam of the Zaidi state of Yemen (b. <a href="/wiki/1503" title="1503">1503</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_12" title="November 12">November 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Stolberg" title="Henry of Stolberg">Henry of Stolberg</a>, German nobleman (b. <a href="/wiki/1509" title="1509">1509</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_23" title="November 23">November 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bronzino" title="Bronzino">Agnolo di Cosimo (Bronzino)</a>, Italian artist and poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1503" title="1503">1503</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_24" title="November 24">November 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Knox" title="John Knox">John Knox</a>, Scottish religious reformer (b. <a href="/wiki/1513" title="1513">1513</a>)<a href="#cite_note-374">[374]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2" title="December 2">December 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ippolito_II_d%27Este" title="Ippolito II d'Este">Ippolito II d'Este</a>, Italian cardinal and statesman (b. <a href="/wiki/1509" title="1509">1509</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_12" title="December 12">December 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Loredana_Marcello" title="Loredana Marcello">Loredana Marcello</a>, Venetian dogaressa and botanist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_22" title="December 22">December 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Clouet" title="François Clouet">François Clouet</a>, French miniaturist (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1510" title="1510">1510</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Sylvan" title="Johann Sylvan">Johann Sylvan</a>, Reformed German theologian (executed; date of birth unknown)<a href="#cite_note-375">[375]</a></li> <li>date unknown <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski" title="Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski">Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski</a>, Polish scholar (b. <a href="/wiki/1503" title="1503">1503</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Moraes" title="Francisco de Moraes">Francisco de Moraes</a>, Portuguese author and writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1500" title="1500">1500</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasumi_Naomasa" title="Yasumi Naomasa">Yasumi Naomasa</a>, Japanese military commander</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Zamoyski" title="Stanisław Zamoyski">Stanisław Zamoyski</a>, Polish nobleman (b. <a href="/wiki/1519" title="1519">1519</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>probable – <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Tye" title="Christopher Tye">Christopher Tye</a>, English composer and organist (b. <a href="/wiki/1505" title="1505">1505</a>)</li></ul> 1573 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Juan_Gin%C3%A9s_de_Sep%C3%BAlveda_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Juan_Gin%C3%A9s_de_Sep%C3%BAlveda_%28cropped%29.jpg/110px-Juan_Gin%C3%A9s_de_Sep%C3%BAlveda_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Juan_Gin%C3%A9s_de_Sep%C3%BAlveda_%28cropped%29.jpg/165px-Juan_Gin%C3%A9s_de_Sep%C3%BAlveda_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Juan_Gin%C3%A9s_de_Sep%C3%BAlveda_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Juan_Gin%C3%A9s_de_Sep%C3%BAlveda_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1626" data-file-height="2325" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Juan_Gin%C3%A9s_de_Sep%C3%BAlveda" title="Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda">Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Boije_af_Genn%C3%A4s" title="Hans Boije af Gennäs">Hans Boije af Gennäs</a>, Swedish commander</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Pfeffinger" title="Johann Pfeffinger">Johann Pfeffinger</a>, German theologian (b. <a href="/wiki/1493" title="1493">1493</a>)<a href="#cite_note-376">[376]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_12" title="January 12">January 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Howard,_1st_Baron_Howard_of_Effingham" title="William Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Effingham">William Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Effingham</a>, English Lord High Admiral (b. <a href="/wiki/1510" title="1510">1510</a>)<a href="#cite_note-377">[377]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_7" title="February 7">February 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hedwig_Jagiellon,_Electress_of_Brandenburg" title="Hedwig Jagiellon, Electress of Brandenburg">Hedwig Jagiellon, Electress of Brandenburg</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1513" title="1513">1513</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2" title="March 2">March 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm,_Duke_of_Saxe-Weimar" title="Johann Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Weimar">Johann Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Weimar</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1530" title="1530">1530</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_3" title="March 3">March 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Claude,_Duke_of_Aumale" title="Claude, Duke of Aumale">Claude, Duke of Aumale</a>, third son of <a href="/wiki/Claude,_Duke_of_Guise" title="Claude, Duke of Guise">Claude, Duke of Guise</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1526" title="1526">1526</a>)<a href="#cite_note-378">[378]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_13" title="March 13">March 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michel_de_l%27H%C3%B4pital" title="Michel de l'Hôpital">Michel de l'Hôpital</a>, French statesman (b. <a href="/wiki/1505" title="1505">1505</a>)<a href="#cite_note-379">[379]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_17" title="March 17">March 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maria_van_Schooten" title="Maria van Schooten">Maria van Schooten</a>, Dutch war heroine (b. <a href="/wiki/1555" title="1555">1555</a>)<a href="#cite_note-380">[380]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2" title="April 2">April 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Otto_Truchsess_von_Waldburg" title="Otto Truchsess von Waldburg">Otto Truchsess von Waldburg</a>, German Catholic cardinal (b. <a href="/wiki/1514" title="1514">1514</a>)<a href="#cite_note-381">[381]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_7" title="April 7">April 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Masius" title="Andreas Masius">Andreas Masius</a>, Flemish Catholic priest (b. <a href="/wiki/1514" title="1514">1514</a>)<a href="#cite_note-382">[382]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_29" title="April 29">April 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Le_Testu" title="Guillaume Le Testu">Guillaume Le Testu</a>, French privateer (b. <a href="/wiki/1509" title="1509">1509</a>)<a href="#cite_note-383">[383]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_13" title="May 13">May 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Takeda_Shingen" title="Takeda Shingen">Takeda Shingen</a>, Japanese warlord (b. <a href="/wiki/1521" title="1521">1521</a>)<a href="#cite_note-384">[384]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_15" title="June 15">June 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antun_Vran%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Antun Vrančić">Antun Vrančić</a>, Croatian archbishop (b. <a href="/wiki/1504" title="1504">1504</a>)<a href="#cite_note-385">[385]</a></li> <li>July – <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Jodelle" title="Étienne Jodelle">Étienne Jodelle</a>, French dramatist and poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1532" title="1532">1532</a>)<a href="#cite_note-386">[386]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_7" title="July 7">July 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Barozzi_da_Vignola" title="Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola">Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola</a>, Italian architect (b. <a href="/wiki/1507" title="1507">1507</a>)<a href="#cite_note-387">[387]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wigbolt_Ripperda" title="Wigbolt Ripperda">Wigbolt Ripperda</a>, mayor of Haarlem, Netherlands<a href="#cite_note-388">[388]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Caius" title="John Caius">John Caius</a>, English physician (b. <a href="/wiki/1510" title="1510">1510</a>)<a href="#cite_note-389">[389]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruy_G%C3%B3mez_de_Silva" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruy Gómez de Silva">Ruy Gómez de Silva</a>, Portuguese noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1516" title="1516">1516</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_14" title="August 14">August 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sait%C5%8D_Tatsuoki" title="Saitō Tatsuoki">Saitō Tatsuoki</a>, Japanese warlord (b. <a href="/wiki/1548" title="1548">1548</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joanna_of_Austria,_Princess_of_Portugal" title="Joanna of Austria, Princess of Portugal">Joanna of Austria, Princess of Portugal</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1535" title="1535">1535</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_16" title="September 16">September 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Asakura_Yoshikage" title="Asakura Yoshikage">Asakura Yoshikage</a>, Japanese warlord (b. <a href="/wiki/1533" title="1533">1533</a>)<a href="#cite_note-390">[390]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_23" title="September 23">September 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Azai_Hisamasa" title="Azai Hisamasa">Azai Hisamasa</a>, Japanese warlord (b. <a href="/wiki/1526" title="1526">1526</a>)<a href="#cite_note-391">[391]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_26" title="September 26">September 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Azai_Nagamasa" title="Azai Nagamasa">Azai Nagamasa</a>, Japanese warlord (b. <a href="/wiki/1545" title="1545">1545</a>)<a href="#cite_note-392">[392]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_27" title="October 27">October 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Laurentius_Petri" title="Laurentius Petri">Laurentius Petri</a>, first Lutheran Archbishop of Sweden (b. <a href="/wiki/1499" title="1499">1499</a>)<a href="#cite_note-393">[393]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9" title="November 9">November 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Shimazu_Katsuhisa" title="Shimazu Katsuhisa">Shimazu Katsuhisa</a>, Japanese nobleman (b. <a href="/wiki/1503" title="1503">1503</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_17" title="November 17">November 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juan_Gin%C3%A9s_de_Sep%C3%BAlveda" title="Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda">Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda</a>, Spanish philosopher and theologian (b. <a href="/wiki/1494" title="1494">1494</a>)<a href="#cite_note-394">[394]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_30" title="December 30">December 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Giraldi" title="Giovanni Battista Giraldi">Giovanni Battista Giraldi</a>, Italian novelist and poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1504" title="1504">1504</a>)<a href="#cite_note-395">[395]</a></li> <li>date unknown <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Skalich" title="Paul Skalich">Paul Skalich</a>, Croatian encyclopedist (b. <a href="/wiki/1534" title="1534">1534</a>)<a href="#cite_note-396">[396]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Wolfe" title="Reginald Wolfe">Reginald Wolfe</a>, English printer</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_3" title="February 3">February 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Murakami_Yoshikiyo" title="Murakami Yoshikiyo">Murakami Yoshikiyo</a>, Japanese warlord (b. <a href="/wiki/1501" title="1501">1501</a>)<a href="#cite_note-397">[397]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Grafton" title="Richard Grafton">Richard Grafton</a>, English merchant and printer (b. c.1506/7)<a href="#cite_note-398">[398]</a></li></ul></li></ul> 1574 <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bemberg_Fondation_Toulouse_-_Portrait_de_Charles_IX_-_Fran%C3%A7ois_Clouet_-_Inv.1012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Bemberg_Fondation_Toulouse_-_Portrait_de_Charles_IX_-_Fran%C3%A7ois_Clouet_-_Inv.1012.jpg/110px-Bemberg_Fondation_Toulouse_-_Portrait_de_Charles_IX_-_Fran%C3%A7ois_Clouet_-_Inv.1012.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Bemberg_Fondation_Toulouse_-_Portrait_de_Charles_IX_-_Fran%C3%A7ois_Clouet_-_Inv.1012.jpg/165px-Bemberg_Fondation_Toulouse_-_Portrait_de_Charles_IX_-_Fran%C3%A7ois_Clouet_-_Inv.1012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Bemberg_Fondation_Toulouse_-_Portrait_de_Charles_IX_-_Fran%C3%A7ois_Clouet_-_Inv.1012.jpg/220px-Bemberg_Fondation_Toulouse_-_Portrait_de_Charles_IX_-_Fran%C3%A7ois_Clouet_-_Inv.1012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4133" data-file-height="5863" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Charles_IX_of_France" title="Charles IX of France">Charles IX of France</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pedro_Menendez_de_Aviles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Pedro_Menendez_de_Aviles.jpg/110px-Pedro_Menendez_de_Aviles.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Pedro_Menendez_de_Aviles.jpg/165px-Pedro_Menendez_de_Aviles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Pedro_Menendez_de_Aviles.jpg/220px-Pedro_Menendez_de_Aviles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1067" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Menendez_de_Aviles" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedro Menendez de Aviles">Pedro Menendez de Aviles</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:II._Selim_Han.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/II._Selim_Han.jpg/110px-II._Selim_Han.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/II._Selim_Han.jpg/165px-II._Selim_Han.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/II._Selim_Han.jpg/220px-II._Selim_Han.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2128" data-file-height="3048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Selim_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan Selim II">Sultan Selim II</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_26" title="January 26">January 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Martin_Helwig" title="Martin Helwig">Martin Helwig</a>, German cartographer of Silesia (b. <a href="/wiki/1516" title="1516">1516</a>)<a href="#cite_note-399">[399]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_30" title="January 30">January 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dami%C3%A3o_de_G%C3%B3is" title="Damião de Góis">Damião de Góis</a>, Portuguese philosopher (b. <a href="/wiki/1502" title="1502">1502</a>)<a href="#cite_note-400">[400]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">March 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anna_II,_Abbess_of_Quedlinburg" title="Anna II, Abbess of Quedlinburg">Anna II, Princess-Abbess of Quedlinburg</a>, German noblewoman, reigning from 1516 until her death (b. <a href="/wiki/1504" title="1504">1504</a>)<a href="#cite_note-401">[401]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_27" title="March 27">March 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Takeda_Nobutora" title="Takeda Nobutora">Takeda Nobutora</a>, Japanese warlord (b. <a href="/wiki/1494" title="1494">1494</a>)<a href="#cite_note-402">[402]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_14" title="April 14">April 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_of_Nassau" title="Louis of Nassau">Louis of Nassau</a>, Dutch general (b. <a href="/wiki/1538" title="1538">1538</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Edwards1960-92">[92]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_17" title="April 17">April 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Camerarius" title="Joachim Camerarius">Joachim Camerarius</a>, German classical scholar (b. <a href="/wiki/1500" title="1500">1500</a>)<a href="#cite_note-403">[403]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">April 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cosimo_I_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1519" title="1519">1519</a>)<a href="#cite_note-404">[404]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_30" title="April 30">April 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Boniface_de_La_Molle" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Boniface de La Molle">Joseph Boniface de La Molle</a>, Provençale lover of <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_de_Valois" class="mw-redirect" title="Marguerite de Valois">Marguerite de Valois</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1530" title="1530">1530</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_14" title="May 14">May 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Guru_Amar_Das" title="Guru Amar Das">Guru Amar Das</a>, third Sikh Guru (b. <a href="/wiki/1479" title="1479">1479</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_3" title="May 3">May 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Ricci_(bishop)" title="Giovanni Ricci (bishop)">Giovanni Ricci</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. <a href="/wiki/1498" title="1498">1498</a>)<a href="#cite_note-405">[405]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_30" title="May 30">May 30</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Charles_IX_of_France" title="Charles IX of France">Charles IX of France</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1550" title="1550">1550</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Buisseret1972-94">[94]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_12" title="June 12">June 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_of_France" title="Renée of France">Renée of France</a>, French princess (b. <a href="/wiki/1510" title="1510">1510</a>)<a href="#cite_note-406">[406]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_14" title="June 14">June 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_III_the_Terrible" title="John III the Terrible">John III the Terrible</a>, Voivode of Moldavia (b. <a href="/wiki/1521" title="1521">1521</a>)<a href="#cite_note-407">[407]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_26" title="June 26">June 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gabriel,_comte_de_Montgomery" class="mw-redirect" title="Gabriel, comte de Montgomery">Gabriel, comte de Montgomery</a>, captain of the Scottish Guard of <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_France" title="Henry II of France">Henry II of France</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1530" title="1530">1530</a>)<a href="#cite_note-408">[408]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_27" title="June 27">June 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Vasari" title="Giorgio Vasari">Giorgio Vasari</a>, Italian painter and architect (b. <a href="/wiki/1511" title="1511">1511</a>)<a href="#cite_note-409">[409]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_26" title="July 26">July 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Birgitte_G%C3%B8ye" title="Birgitte Gøye">Birgitte Gøye</a>, Danish county administrator, lady in waiting, landholder and educator (b. <a href="/wiki/1511" title="1511">1511</a>)<a href="#cite_note-410">[410]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ebussuud_Efendi" title="Ebussuud Efendi">Ebussuud Efendi</a>, Ottoman Grand Mufti (b. <a href="/wiki/1490" title="1490">1490</a>)<a href="#cite_note-411">[411]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_27" title="August 27">August 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Eustachi" title="Bartolomeo Eustachi">Bartolomeo Eustachi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian</a> anatomist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis,_Count_of_Stolberg" title="Louis, Count of Stolberg">Louis, Count of Stolberg</a>, German noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1505" title="1505">1505</a>)<a href="#cite_note-412">[412]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_4" title="September 4">September 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Mornay" title="Charles de Mornay">Charles de Mornay</a>, Swedish (originally French) court official, diplomat and royal favorite (b. <a href="/wiki/1514" title="1514">1514</a>)<a href="#cite_note-413">[413]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_15" title="September 15">September 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_France,_Duchess_of_Berry" class="mw-redirect" title="Margaret of France, Duchess of Berry">Margaret of France, Duchess of Berry</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1523" title="1523">1523</a>)<a href="#cite_note-414">[414]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Men%C3%A9ndez_de_Avil%C3%A9s" title="Pedro Menéndez de Avilés">Pedro Menéndez de Avilés</a>, Spanish admiral and explorer (b. <a href="/wiki/1519" title="1519">1519</a>)<a href="#cite_note-415">[415]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_26" title="September 26">September 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Anhalt-Zerbst_(1545%E2%80%931574)" title="Elisabeth of Anhalt-Zerbst (1545–1574)">Elisabeth of Anhalt-Zerbst</a>, Abbess of Gernrode and Frose, Countess of Barby-Mühlingen (b. <a href="/wiki/1545" title="1545">1545</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_28" title="September 28">September 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Guidobaldo_II_della_Rovere,_Duke_of_Urbino" class="mw-redirect" title="Guidobaldo II della Rovere, Duke of Urbino">Guidobaldo II della Rovere, Duke of Urbino</a>, Italian condottiero (b. <a href="/wiki/1514" title="1514">1514</a>)<a href="#cite_note-416">[416]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maarten_van_Heemskerck" title="Maarten van Heemskerck">Maarten van Heemskerck</a>, Dutch painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1498" title="1498">1498</a>)<a href="#cite_note-417">[417]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_23" title="November 23">November 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_III,_Count_of_Nassau-Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="John III, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken">John III, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken</a>, German noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1511" title="1511">1511</a>)<a href="#cite_note-418">[418]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_28" title="November 28">November 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georg_Major" title="Georg Major">Georg Major</a>, German Protestant theologian (b. <a href="/wiki/1502" title="1502">1502</a>)<a href="#cite_note-419">[419]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_4" title="December 4">December 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georg_Joachim_Rheticus" title="Georg Joachim Rheticus">Georg Joachim Rheticus</a>, German mathematician and cartographer (b. <a href="/wiki/1514" title="1514">1514</a>)<a href="#cite_note-420">[420]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_12" title="December 12">December 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Selim_II" title="Selim II">Selim II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Sultan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Sultan">Ottoman Sultan</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1524" title="1524">1524</a>)<a href="#cite_note-421">[421]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">December 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Cardinal_of_Lorraine" title="Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine">Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1524" title="1524">1524</a>)<a href="#cite_note-422">[422]</a></li> <li>date unknown <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Eworth" title="Hans Eworth">Hans Eworth</a>, Flemish painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1520" title="1520">1520</a>)<a href="#cite_note-423">[423]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_de_Goiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin de Goiti">Martin de Goiti</a>, Spanish conquistador</li></ul></li></ul> 1575 <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roland_Moys_(atribuido)_-_Hernando_de_Arag%C3%B3n_(1560-1570).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Roland_Moys_%28atribuido%29_-_Hernando_de_Arag%C3%B3n_%281560-1570%29.jpg/110px-Roland_Moys_%28atribuido%29_-_Hernando_de_Arag%C3%B3n_%281560-1570%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Roland_Moys_%28atribuido%29_-_Hernando_de_Arag%C3%B3n_%281560-1570%29.jpg/165px-Roland_Moys_%28atribuido%29_-_Hernando_de_Arag%C3%B3n_%281560-1570%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Roland_Moys_%28atribuido%29_-_Hernando_de_Arag%C3%B3n_%281560-1570%29.jpg/220px-Roland_Moys_%28atribuido%29_-_Hernando_de_Arag%C3%B3n_%281560-1570%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="655" data-file-height="813" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hernando_de_Arag%C3%B3n" title="Hernando de Aragón">Hernando de Aragón</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Matthias_Flacius.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Matthias_Flacius.png/110px-Matthias_Flacius.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Matthias_Flacius.png/165px-Matthias_Flacius.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Matthias_Flacius.png/220px-Matthias_Flacius.png 2x" data-file-width="405" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Flacius" title="Matthias Flacius">Matthias Flacius</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Archbishop_Matthew_Parker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Archbishop_Matthew_Parker.jpg/110px-Archbishop_Matthew_Parker.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Archbishop_Matthew_Parker.jpg/165px-Archbishop_Matthew_Parker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Archbishop_Matthew_Parker.jpg/220px-Archbishop_Matthew_Parker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="308" data-file-height="389" /></a><figcaption>Reverend <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Parker" title="Matthew Parker">Matthew Parker</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Francisco_de_Ibarra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Francisco_de_Ibarra.jpg/110px-Francisco_de_Ibarra.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Francisco_de_Ibarra.jpg/165px-Francisco_de_Ibarra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Francisco_de_Ibarra.jpg/220px-Francisco_de_Ibarra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="302" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Ibarra" title="Francisco de Ibarra">Francisco de Ibarra</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaspar_Cervantes_de_Gaeta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Gaspar_Cervantes_de_Gaeta.jpg/110px-Gaspar_Cervantes_de_Gaeta.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Gaspar_Cervantes_de_Gaeta.jpg/165px-Gaspar_Cervantes_de_Gaeta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Gaspar_Cervantes_de_Gaeta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="296" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_Cervantes_de_Gaeta" title="Gaspar Cervantes de Gaeta">Gaspar Cervantes de Gaeta</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_4" title="January 4">January 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sidonie_of_Saxony" title="Sidonie of Saxony">Sidonie of Saxony</a>, Duchess of Brunswick-Calenberg (b. <a href="/wiki/1518" title="1518">1518</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_14" title="January 14">January 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Uthmann" title="Barbara Uthmann">Barbara Uthmann</a>, German businessperson (b. <a href="/wiki/1514" title="1514">1514</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_22" title="January 22">January 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Hamilton,_Duke_of_Ch%C3%A2tellerault" title="James Hamilton, Duke of Châtellerault">James Hamilton, Duke of Châtellerault</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1516" title="1516">1516</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_29" title="January 29">January 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hernando_de_Arag%C3%B3n" title="Hernando de Aragón">Hernando de Aragón</a>, Spanish <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> archbishop (b. <a href="/wiki/1498" title="1498">1498</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_9" title="February 9">February 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Karl_Friedrich_of_J%C3%BClich-Cleves-Berg" title="Karl Friedrich of Jülich-Cleves-Berg">Karl Friedrich of Jülich-Cleves-Berg</a>, heir apparent of Jülich-Cleves-Berg (b. <a href="/wiki/1555" title="1555">1555</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_20" title="February 20">February 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maria_of_Jever" title="Maria of Jever">Maria of Jever</a>, last ruler of the Lordship of Jever (b. <a href="/wiki/1500" title="1500">1500</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_21" title="February 21">February 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Claude_of_Valois" title="Claude of Valois">Claude of Valois</a>, Duchess consort of Lorraine and French princess (b. <a href="/wiki/1547" title="1547">1547</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_11" title="March 11">March 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Flacius" title="Matthias Flacius">Matthias Flacius</a>, Croatian <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> reformer (b. <a href="/wiki/1520" title="1520">1520</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_15" title="March 15">March 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Annibale_Padovano" title="Annibale Padovano">Annibale Padovano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian</a> composer and organist (b. <a href="/wiki/1527" title="1527">1527</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_17" title="March 17">March 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georg_Cracow" title="Georg Cracow">Georg Cracow</a>, German lawyer and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1525" title="1525">1525</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_24" title="March 24">March 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yosef_Karo" class="mw-redirect" title="Yosef Karo">Yosef Karo</a>, Spanish-born Jewish rabbi. Author of the book "<a href="/wiki/Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Aruch</a>" (b. <a href="/wiki/1488" title="1488">1488</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_17" title="May 17">May 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Parker" title="Matthew Parker">Matthew Parker</a>, English <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> archbishop (b. <a href="/wiki/1504" title="1504">1504</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_28" title="May 28">May 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sophia_Jagiellon,_Duchess_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg" title="Sophia Jagiellon, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg">Sophia Jagiellon, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1522" title="1522">1522</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">June 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Ibarra" title="Francisco de Ibarra">Francisco de Ibarra</a>, Spanish explorer and colonial governor in Mexico (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1539" title="1539">1539</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_7" title="June 7">June 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Heron_(MP)" title="George Heron (MP)">Sir George Heron</a>, English politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_28" title="June 28">June 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yonekura_Shigetsugu" title="Yonekura Shigetsugu">Yonekura Shigetsugu</a>, Japanese samurai</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_29" title="June 29">June 29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Nobuharu" title="Baba Nobuharu">Baba Nobuharu</a>, Japanese samurai</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hara_Masatane" title="Hara Masatane">Hara Masatane</a>, Japanese samurai (b. <a href="/wiki/1531" title="1531">1531</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naito_Masatoyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Naito Masatoyo">Naito Masatoyo</a>, Japanese samurai (b. <a href="/wiki/1522" title="1522">1522</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanada_Nobutsuna" title="Sanada Nobutsuna">Sanada Nobutsuna</a>, Japanese samurai (b. <a href="/wiki/1537" title="1537">1537</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takeda_Nobuzane" title="Takeda Nobuzane">Takeda Nobuzane</a>, Japanese daimyō</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamagata_Masakage" title="Yamagata Masakage">Yamagata Masakage</a>, Japanese samurai (b. <a href="/wiki/1524" title="1524">1524</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">July 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Taverner" title="Richard Taverner">Richard Taverner</a>, English Bible translator (b. <a href="/wiki/1505" title="1505">1505</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jon_Simonss%C3%B8n" title="Jon Simonssøn">Jon Simonssøn</a>, Norwegian humanist (b. <a href="/wiki/1512" title="1512">1512</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2" title="August 2">August 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christopher_II,_Margrave_of_Baden-Rodemachern" title="Christopher II, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern">Christopher II, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1537" title="1537">1537</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Bullinger" title="Heinrich Bullinger">Heinrich Bullinger</a>, Swiss religious reformer (b. <a href="/wiki/1504" title="1504">1504</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_24" title="September 24">September 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anna_of_Oldenburg" title="Anna of Oldenburg">Anna of Oldenburg</a>, Regent of East Frisia (b. <a href="/wiki/1501" title="1501">1501</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_17" title="October 17">October 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gaspar_Cervantes_de_Gaeta" title="Gaspar Cervantes de Gaeta">Gaspar Cervantes de Gaeta</a>, Spanish <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> cardinal (b. <a href="/wiki/1511" title="1511">1511</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_20" title="October 20">October 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kaspar_Eberhard" title="Kaspar Eberhard">Kaspar Eberhard</a>, German theologian (b. <a href="/wiki/1523" title="1523">1523</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_24" title="October 24">October 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peder_Oxe" title="Peder Oxe">Peder Oxe</a>, Danish finance minister (b. <a href="/wiki/1520" title="1520">1520</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2" title="November 2">November 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sabina_of_Brandenburg-Ansbach" title="Sabina of Brandenburg-Ansbach">Sabina of Brandenburg-Ansbach</a>, German princess (b. <a href="/wiki/1529" title="1529">1529</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1" title="December 1">December 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Diego_Andrada_de_Payva" class="mw-redirect" title="Diego Andrada de Payva">Diego Andrada de Payva</a>, Portuguese theologian (b. <a href="/wiki/1528" title="1528">1528</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Akiyama_Nobutomo" title="Akiyama Nobutomo">Akiyama Nobutomo</a>, Japanese retainer (b. <a href="/wiki/1531" title="1531">1531</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_31" title="December 31">December 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pierino_Belli" title="Pierino Belli">Pierino Belli</a>, Italian soldier and jurist (b. <a href="/wiki/1502" title="1502">1502</a>)</li> <li>date unknown <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantio_Varoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantio Varoli">Constantio Varoli</a>, Italian anatomist (b. <a href="/wiki/1543" title="1543">1543</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_de_Josa" title="Isabel de Josa">Isabel de Josa</a>, Catalan writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1508" title="1508">1508</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> 1576 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Shah_Tahmasp_I._Inscribed_%22Tammas_Pers%22._Painted_by_Cristofano_dell%27Altissimo,_dated_1552-1568.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Portrait_of_Shah_Tahmasp_I._Inscribed_%22Tammas_Pers%22._Painted_by_Cristofano_dell%27Altissimo%2C_dated_1552-1568.jpg/110px-Portrait_of_Shah_Tahmasp_I._Inscribed_%22Tammas_Pers%22._Painted_by_Cristofano_dell%27Altissimo%2C_dated_1552-1568.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Portrait_of_Shah_Tahmasp_I._Inscribed_%22Tammas_Pers%22._Painted_by_Cristofano_dell%27Altissimo%2C_dated_1552-1568.jpg/165px-Portrait_of_Shah_Tahmasp_I._Inscribed_%22Tammas_Pers%22._Painted_by_Cristofano_dell%27Altissimo%2C_dated_1552-1568.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Portrait_of_Shah_Tahmasp_I._Inscribed_%22Tammas_Pers%22._Painted_by_Cristofano_dell%27Altissimo%2C_dated_1552-1568.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_Shah_Tahmasp_I._Inscribed_%22Tammas_Pers%22._Painted_by_Cristofano_dell%27Altissimo%2C_dated_1552-1568.jpg 2x" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tahmasp_I" title="Tahmasp I">Tahmasp I</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicolas_Neufch%C3%A2tel_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Nicolas_Neufch%C3%A2tel_002.jpg/110px-Nicolas_Neufch%C3%A2tel_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Nicolas_Neufch%C3%A2tel_002.jpg/165px-Nicolas_Neufch%C3%A2tel_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Nicolas_Neufch%C3%A2tel_002.jpg/220px-Nicolas_Neufch%C3%A2tel_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1131" data-file-height="1432" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_19" title="January 19">January 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hans_Sachs" title="Hans Sachs">Hans Sachs</a>, German Meistersinger (b. <a href="/wiki/1494" title="1494">1494</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_27" title="January 27">January 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mizuno_Nobumoto" title="Mizuno Nobumoto">Mizuno Nobumoto</a>, Japanese shōgun</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_10" title="February 10">February 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Xylander" title="Wilhelm Xylander">Wilhelm/Guilielmus Xylander</a>, German classical scholar (b. <a href="/wiki/1532" title="1532">1532</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Albert_I,_Duke_of_Mecklenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="John Albert I, Duke of Mecklenburg">John Albert I, Duke of Mecklenburg</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1525" title="1525">1525</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_5" title="March 5">March 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Luis_de_Requesens_y_Z%C3%BA%C3%B1iga" title="Luis de Requesens y Zúñiga">Luis de Requesens y Zúñiga</a>, Spanish governor of the Netherlands (b. <a href="/wiki/1528" title="1528">1528</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_18" title="March 18">March 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_St%C3%B6ssel" title="Johann Stössel">Johann Stössel</a>, German theologian (b. <a href="/wiki/1524" title="1524">1524</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_14" title="May 14">May 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tahmasp_I" title="Tahmasp I">Tahmasp I</a>, Shah of Persia (b. <a href="/wiki/1514" title="1514">1514</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_30" title="May 30">May 30</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harada_Naomasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harada Naomasa (page does not exist)">Harada Naomasa</a>, Japanese samurai</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_30" title="June 30">June 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Franciscus_Sonnius" title="Franciscus Sonnius">Franciscus Sonnius</a>, Dutch counter-Reformation theologian (b. <a href="/wiki/1506" title="1506">1506</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">July 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Josias_Simler" class="mw-redirect" title="Josias Simler">Josias Simler</a>, Swiss scholar (b. <a href="/wiki/1530" title="1530">1530</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_11" title="July 11">July 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eleonora_di_Garzia_di_Toledo" title="Eleonora di Garzia di Toledo">Eleonora di Garzia di Toledo</a>, Italian noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1553" title="1553">1553</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Isabella_de%27_Medici" title="Isabella de' Medici">Isabella de' Medici</a>, Italian noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1542" title="1542">1542</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_15" title="August 15">August 15</a> or <a href="/wiki/August_22" title="August 22">August 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1lint_Bakfark" title="Bálint Bakfark">Bálint Bakfark</a>, Hungarian composer and lutenist (b. <a href="/wiki/1507" title="1507">1507</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_27" title="August 27">August 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Titian" title="Titian">Titian</a>, Italian painter (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1489" title="1489">1489</a>)<a href="#cite_note-424">[424]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_21" title="September 21">September 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gerolamo_Cardano" title="Gerolamo Cardano">Gerolamo Cardano</a>, Italian mathematician, physician, astrologer and gambler (b. <a href="/wiki/1502" title="1502">1502</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_22" title="September 22">September 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Walter_Devereux,_1st_Earl_of_Essex" title="Walter Devereux, 1st Earl of Essex">Walter Devereux, 1st Earl of Essex</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1541" title="1541">1541</a>)<a href="#cite_note-425">[425]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_12" title="October 12">October 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1527" title="1527">1527</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_14" title="October 14">October 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Heresbach" title="Konrad Heresbach">Konrad Heresbach</a>, German Calvinist (b. <a href="/wiki/1496" title="1496">1496</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">October 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Elector_Palatine" title="Frederick III, Elector Palatine">Frederick III, Elector Palatine</a>, ruler from the house of Wittelsbach (b. <a href="/wiki/1515" title="1515">1515</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">November 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Paulet,_2nd_Marquess_of_Winchester" title="John Paulet, 2nd Marquess of Winchester">John Paulet, 2nd Marquess of Winchester</a> (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1510" title="1510">1510</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9" title="November 9">November 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chamaraja_Wodeyar_IV" title="Chamaraja Wodeyar IV">Chamaraja Wodeyar IV</a>, King of Mysore (b. <a href="/wiki/1507" title="1507">1507</a>)</li> <li>date unknown <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paula_Vicente" title="Paula Vicente">Paula Vicente</a>, Portuguese artist, musician and writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1519" title="1519">1519</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>probable <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antonis_Mor" title="Antonis Mor">Anthony More</a>, Dutch portrait painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1512" title="1512">1512</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Vicentino" title="Nicola Vicentino">Nicola Vicentino</a>, Italian music theorist and composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1511" title="1511">1511</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> 1577 <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Erik_XIV_(1533-1577)_Domenicus_Verwildt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Erik_XIV_%281533-1577%29_Domenicus_Verwildt.jpg/110px-Erik_XIV_%281533-1577%29_Domenicus_Verwildt.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Erik_XIV_%281533-1577%29_Domenicus_Verwildt.jpg/165px-Erik_XIV_%281533-1577%29_Domenicus_Verwildt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Erik_XIV_%281533-1577%29_Domenicus_Verwildt.jpg/220px-Erik_XIV_%281533-1577%29_Domenicus_Verwildt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="368" data-file-height="591" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Eric_XIV_of_Sweden" title="Eric XIV of Sweden">Eric XIV of Sweden</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cuthbert_Mayne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Cuthbert_Mayne.jpg/110px-Cuthbert_Mayne.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Cuthbert_Mayne.jpg/165px-Cuthbert_Mayne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Cuthbert_Mayne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="204" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Saint <a href="/wiki/Cuthbert_Mayne" title="Cuthbert Mayne">Cuthbert Mayne</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">January 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicolas,_Duke_of_Merc%C5%93ur" title="Nicolas, Duke of Mercœur">Nicolas, Duke of Mercœur</a>, Roman Catholic bishop (b. <a href="/wiki/1524" title="1524">1524</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February" title="February">February</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adam_von_Bodenstein" title="Adam von Bodenstein">Adam von Bodenstein</a>, Swiss alchemist and physician (b. <a href="/wiki/1528" title="1528">1528</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26" title="February 26">February 26</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Eric_XIV_of_Sweden" title="Eric XIV of Sweden">Eric XIV of Sweden</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1533" title="1533">1533</a>)<a href="#cite_note-426">[426]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">March 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_II,_Margrave_of_Baden-Durlach" title="Charles II, Margrave of Baden-Durlach">Charles II, Margrave of Baden-Durlach</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1529" title="1529">1529</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_13" title="April 13">April 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Hubert" title="Konrad Hubert">Konrad Hubert</a>, German theologian and hymnwriter (b. <a href="/wiki/1507" title="1507">1507</a>)</li> <li>May – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Aertsz" title="Richard Aertsz">Richard Aertsz</a>, Dutch painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1482" title="1482">1482</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_5" title="May 5">May 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Viglius" title="Viglius">Viglius</a>, Dutch statesman (b. 1507)<a href="#cite_note-427">[427]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_31" title="May 31">May 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_%C3%81lvarez_de_Toledo,_4th_Marquis_of_Villafranca" class="mw-redirect" title="García Álvarez de Toledo, 4th Marquis of Villafranca">García Álvarez de Toledo, 4th Marquis of Villafranca</a>, Spanish noble and admiral (b. <a href="/wiki/1514" title="1514">1514</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_4" title="June 4">June 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alvise_I_Mocenigo" title="Alvise I Mocenigo">Alvise I Mocenigo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doge_of_Venice" title="Doge of Venice">Doge of Venice</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1507" title="1507">1507</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_7" title="June 7">June 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Daniel,_Count_of_Waldeck" title="Daniel, Count of Waldeck">Daniel, Count of Waldeck</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1530" title="1530">1530</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_12" title="June 12">June 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Orazio_Samacchini" title="Orazio Samacchini">Orazio Samacchini</a>, Italian painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1532" title="1532">1532</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_23" title="July 23">July 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Scipione_Rebiba" title="Scipione Rebiba">Scipione Rebiba</a>, Italian cardinal (b. <a href="/wiki/1504" title="1504">1504</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_26" title="July 26">July 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Blaise_de_Lasseran-Massenc%C3%B4me,_seigneur_de_Montluc" class="mw-redirect" title="Blaise de Lasseran-Massencôme, seigneur de Montluc">Blaise de Lasseran-Massencôme, seigneur de Montluc</a>, Marshal of France (b. <a href="/wiki/1502" title="1502">1502</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_12" title="August 12">August 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Smith_(diplomat)" title="Thomas Smith (diplomat)">Thomas Smith</a>, English scholar and diplomat (b. <a href="/wiki/1513" title="1513">1513</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Infanta_Maria_of_Guimar%C3%A3es" class="mw-redirect" title="Infanta Maria of Guimarães">Infanta Maria of Guimarães</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1538" title="1538">1538</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_27" title="September 27">September 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Diego_de_Covarrubias_y_Leyva" title="Diego de Covarrubias y Leyva">Diego de Covarrubias y Leyva</a>, Spanish jurist and archbishop of Cuenca (b. <a href="/wiki/1512" title="1512">1512</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_3" title="October 3">October 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_IX,_Count_of_Waldeck" title="Henry IX, Count of Waldeck">Henry IX, Count of Waldeck</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1531" title="1531">1531</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_7" title="October 7">October 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Gascoigne" title="George Gascoigne">George Gascoigne</a>, English poet (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1525" title="1525">1525</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_10" title="October 10">October 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maria_of_Portugal,_Duchess_of_Viseu" title="Maria of Portugal, Duchess of Viseu">Maria of Portugal, Duchess of Viseu</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1521" title="1521">1521</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_19" title="November 19">November 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Matsunaga_Hisahide" title="Matsunaga Hisahide">Matsunaga Hisahide</a>, Japanese warlord (b. <a href="/wiki/1508" title="1508">1508</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_29" title="November 29">November 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cuthbert_Mayne" title="Cuthbert Mayne">Cuthbert Mayne</a>, English saint (b. <a href="/wiki/1543" title="1543">1543</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_4" title="December 4">December 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Achilles_Gasser" title="Achilles Gasser">Achilles Gasser</a>, German physician and astrologer (b. <a href="/wiki/1505" title="1505">1505</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_18" title="December 18">December 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anna_of_Saxony" title="Anna of Saxony">Anna of Saxony</a>, princess consort of Orange (b. <a href="/wiki/1544" title="1544">1544</a>)</li></ul> 1578 <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giovanni_Battista_Moroni_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Giovanni_Battista_Moroni_001.jpg/110px-Giovanni_Battista_Moroni_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Giovanni_Battista_Moroni_001.jpg/165px-Giovanni_Battista_Moroni_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Giovanni_Battista_Moroni_001.jpg/220px-Giovanni_Battista_Moroni_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4568" data-file-height="6000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Moroni" title="Giovanni Battista Moroni">Giovanni Battista Moroni</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dom_Sebastiao_de_Portugal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Dom_Sebastiao_de_Portugal.jpg/110px-Dom_Sebastiao_de_Portugal.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Dom_Sebastiao_de_Portugal.jpg/165px-Dom_Sebastiao_de_Portugal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Dom_Sebastiao_de_Portugal.jpg/220px-Dom_Sebastiao_de_Portugal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2911" data-file-height="3701" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sebastian_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Sebastian of Portugal">Sebastian of Portugal</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:V%C3%A1clav_Habsbursk%C3%BD.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/V%C3%A1clav_Habsbursk%C3%BD.JPG/110px-V%C3%A1clav_Habsbursk%C3%BD.JPG" decoding="async" width="110" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/V%C3%A1clav_Habsbursk%C3%BD.JPG/165px-V%C3%A1clav_Habsbursk%C3%BD.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/V%C3%A1clav_Habsbursk%C3%BD.JPG/220px-V%C3%A1clav_Habsbursk%C3%BD.JPG 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="676" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Wenceslaus_of_Austria" title="Archduke Wenceslaus of Austria">Archduke Wenceslaus of Austria</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alonso_S%C3%A1nchez_Coello_-_Portrait_of_Infante_Ferdinand_of_Spain_-_Walters_37551.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Alonso_S%C3%A1nchez_Coello_-_Portrait_of_Infante_Ferdinand_of_Spain_-_Walters_37551.jpg/110px-Alonso_S%C3%A1nchez_Coello_-_Portrait_of_Infante_Ferdinand_of_Spain_-_Walters_37551.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Alonso_S%C3%A1nchez_Coello_-_Portrait_of_Infante_Ferdinand_of_Spain_-_Walters_37551.jpg/165px-Alonso_S%C3%A1nchez_Coello_-_Portrait_of_Infante_Ferdinand_of_Spain_-_Walters_37551.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Alonso_S%C3%A1nchez_Coello_-_Portrait_of_Infante_Ferdinand_of_Spain_-_Walters_37551.jpg/220px-Alonso_S%C3%A1nchez_Coello_-_Portrait_of_Infante_Ferdinand_of_Spain_-_Walters_37551.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1437" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand,_Prince_of_Asturias" title="Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias">Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_5" title="January 5">January 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Clovio" title="Giulio Clovio">Giulio Clovio</a>, Dalmatian painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1498" title="1498">1498</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6" title="January 6">January 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Queen_Inseong" title="Queen Inseong">Queen Inseong</a>, Korean royal consort (b. <a href="/wiki/1514" title="1514">1514</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_25" title="January 25">January 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mihrimah_Sultan_(daughter_of_Suleiman_I)" title="Mihrimah Sultan (daughter of Suleiman I)">Mihrimah Sultan</a>, Sultan Suleiman's daughter (b. <a href="/wiki/1522" title="1522">1522</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_5" title="February 5">February 5</a> or <a href="/wiki/1579" title="1579">1579</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Moroni" title="Giovanni Battista Moroni">Giovanni Battista Moroni</a>, Italian painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1510" title="1510">1510</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Austria,_Queen_of_Portugal" title="Catherine of Austria, Queen of Portugal">Catherine of Austria, Queen of Portugal</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1507" title="1507">1507</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_3" title="March 3">March 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sebastiano_Venier" title="Sebastiano Venier">Sebastiano Venier</a>, Doge of Venice (b. <a href="/wiki/1496" title="1496">1496</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kantakouzenos_%C5%9Eeytano%C4%9Flu" title="Michael Kantakouzenos Şeytanoğlu">Michael Kantakouzenos Şeytanoğlu</a>, Ottoman Greek magnate (b. <a href="/wiki/1510" title="1510">1510</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_7" title="March 7">March 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Douglas" title="Margaret Douglas">Margaret Douglas</a>, Countess of Lennox (b. <a href="/wiki/1515" title="1515">1515</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_29" title="March 29">March 29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Champernowne" title="Arthur Champernowne">Arthur Champernowne</a>, English admiral (b. <a href="/wiki/1524" title="1524">1524</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I,_Cardinal_of_Guise" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis I, Cardinal of Guise">Louis I, Cardinal of Guise</a>, French cardinal (b. <a href="/wiki/1527" title="1527">1527</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2" title="April 2">April 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marie_Elisabeth_of_France" title="Marie Elisabeth of France">Marie Elisabeth of France</a>, French princess (b. <a href="/wiki/1572" title="1572">1572</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_11" title="April 11">April 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joanna_of_Austria,_Grand_Duchess_of_Tuscany" title="Joanna of Austria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany">Joanna of Austria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany</a>, Austrian Archduchess (b. <a href="/wiki/1547" title="1547">1547</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_14" title="April 14">April 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Hepburn,_4th_Earl_of_Bothwell" title="James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell">James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell</a>, consort of <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Mary, Queen of Scots">Mary, Queen of Scots</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1535" title="1535">1535</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_15" title="April 15">April 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wolrad_II,_Count_of_Waldeck-Eisenberg" title="Wolrad II, Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg">Wolrad II, Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1509" title="1509">1509</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_19" title="April 19">April 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Uesugi_Kenshin" title="Uesugi Kenshin">Uesugi Kenshin</a>, Japanese samurai and warlord (b. <a href="/wiki/1530" title="1530">1530</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_4" title="May 4">May 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Martin_Eisengrein" title="Martin Eisengrein">Martin Eisengrein</a>, German theologian (b. <a href="/wiki/1535" title="1535">1535</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_16" title="June 16">June 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ioan_Potcoav%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Ioan Potcoavă">Ioan Potcoavă</a>, Russian Cossack ataman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">July 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Doughty_(explorer)" title="Thomas Doughty (explorer)">Thomas Doughty</a>, English explorer (executed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_5" title="July 5">July 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cristoforo_Madruzzo" title="Cristoforo Madruzzo">Cristoforo Madruzzo</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. <a href="/wiki/1512" title="1512">1512</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_27" title="July 27">July 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jane_Lumley" class="mw-redirect" title="Jane Lumley">Jane Lumley</a>, English translator (b. <a href="/wiki/1537" title="1537">1537</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_4" title="August 4">August 4</a> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/Sebastian_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Sebastian of Portugal">Sebastian of Portugal</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1554" title="1554">1554</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Stukley" title="Thomas Stukley">Thomas Stukley</a>, English adventurer (b. <a href="/wiki/1525" title="1525">1525</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Marwan_Abd_al-Malik_I_Saadi" title="Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik I Saadi">Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik I Saadi</a>, King of <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Abdallah_Mohammed_II_Saadi" title="Abu Abdallah Mohammed II Saadi">Abu Abdallah Mohammed II Saadi</a>, King of <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_8" title="August 8">August 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Amago_Katsuhisa" title="Amago Katsuhisa">Amago Katsuhisa</a>, Japanese nobleman (b. <a href="/wiki/1553" title="1553">1553</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_11" title="August 11">August 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Nunes" title="Pedro Nunes">Pedro Nunes</a>, Portuguese mathematician (b. <a href="/wiki/1502" title="1502">1502</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_16" title="August 16">August 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Corbet_(died_1578)" title="Andrew Corbet (died 1578)">Andrew Corbet</a>, English landowner and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1522" title="1522">1522</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_20" title="August 20">August 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yamanaka_Yukimori" title="Yamanaka Yukimori">Yamanaka Yukimori</a>, Japanese samurai (b. <a href="/wiki/1545" title="1545">1545</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September" title="September">September</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Lescot" title="Pierre Lescot">Pierre Lescot</a>, French architect (b. <a href="/wiki/1510" title="1510">1510</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giulio_della_Rovere" title="Giulio della Rovere">Giulio della Rovere</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. <a href="/wiki/1533" title="1533">1533</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_22" title="September 22">September 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Wenceslaus_of_Austria" title="Archduke Wenceslaus of Austria">Archduke Wenceslaus of Austria</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1561" title="1561">1561</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> – Don <a href="/wiki/John_of_Austria" title="John of Austria">John of Austria</a>, military leader (b. <a href="/wiki/1547" title="1547">1547</a>)<a href="#cite_note-BrulezKoch2012-166">[166]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_12" title="October 12">October 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Gemma" title="Cornelius Gemma">Cornelius Gemma</a>, Dutch astronomer and astrologer (b. <a href="/wiki/1535" title="1535">1535</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand,_Prince_of_Asturias" title="Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias">Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias</a>, Spanish prince (b. <a href="/wiki/1571" title="1571">1571</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_3" title="December 3">December 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_II_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_(1520%E2%80%931578)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gonzalo II Fernández de Córdoba (1520–1578)">Gonzalo II Fernández de Córdoba</a>, Governor of the Duchy of Milan (b. <a href="/wiki/1520" title="1520">1520</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December" title="December">December</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Heath" title="Nicholas Heath">Nicholas Heath</a>, Archbishop of York and <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a> of England (b. <a href="/wiki/1501" title="1501">1501</a>)</li> <li>date unknown – <a href="/wiki/Sabina,_Duchess_of_Bavaria" title="Sabina, Duchess of Bavaria">Sabina, Duchess of Bavaria</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1528" title="1528">1528</a>)</li></ul> 1579 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sokullupasa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Sokullupasa.jpg/110px-Sokullupasa.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Sokullupasa.jpg/165px-Sokullupasa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Sokullupasa.jpg/220px-Sokullupasa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="274" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sokollu_Mehmed_Pasha" title="Sokollu Mehmed Pasha">Sokollu Mehmed Pasha</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_5" title="February 5">February 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Countess_Palatine_Helena_of_Simmern" title="Countess Palatine Helena of Simmern">Countess Palatine Helena of Simmern</a>, Countess consort of Hanau-Münzenberg (1551-1561) (b. <a href="/wiki/1532" title="1532">1532</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_16" title="February 16">February 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Jim%C3%A9nez_de_Quesada" title="Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada">Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada</a>, Spanish explorer (b. <a href="/wiki/1509" title="1509">1509</a>)<a href="#cite_note-428">[428]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_20" title="February 20">February 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Bacon_(courtier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas Bacon (courtier)">Nicholas Bacon</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1509" title="1509">1509</a>)<a href="#cite_note-429">[429]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_12" title="March 12">March 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Piccolomini" title="Alessandro Piccolomini">Alessandro Piccolomini</a>, Italian humanist and philosopher from Siena (b. <a href="/wiki/1508" title="1508">1508</a>)<a href="#cite_note-430">[430]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_24" title="April 24">April 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Stuart,_4th_Earl_of_Atholl" class="mw-redirect" title="John Stuart, 4th Earl of Atholl">John Stuart, 4th Earl of Atholl</a><a href="#cite_note-431">[431]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_6" title="May 6">May 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Montmorency" class="mw-redirect" title="François de Montmorency">François de Montmorency</a>, French nobleman (b. <a href="/wiki/1530" title="1530">1530</a>)<a href="#cite_note-432">[432]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Isabella_Markham" title="Isabella Markham">Isabella Markham</a>, English courtier (b. <a href="/wiki/1527" title="1527">1527</a>)<a href="#cite_note-433">[433]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_17" title="June 17">June 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Stadius" title="Johannes Stadius">Johannes Stadius</a>, Flemish astronomer, astrologer, mathematician (b. <a href="/wiki/1527" title="1527">1527</a>)<a href="#cite_note-434">[434]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_25" title="June 25">June 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hatano_Hideharu" title="Hatano Hideharu">Hatano Hideharu</a>, Japanese samurai (b. <a href="/wiki/1541" title="1541">1541</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_3" title="July 3">July 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Fitton,_the_elder" title="Edward Fitton, the elder">Edward Fitton, the elder</a>, Irish politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1527" title="1527">1527</a>)<a href="#cite_note-435">[435]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_5" title="August 5">August 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stanislaus_Hosius" title="Stanislaus Hosius">Stanislaus Hosius</a>, Polish Catholic cardinal (b. <a href="/wiki/1504" title="1504">1504</a>)<a href="#cite_note-436">[436]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_12" title="August 12">August 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Bollani" title="Domenico Bollani">Domenico Bollani</a>, Bishop of Milan (b. <a href="/wiki/1514" title="1514">1514</a>)<a href="#cite_note-437">[437]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_11" title="October 11">October 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sokollu_Mehmed_Pasha" title="Sokollu Mehmed Pasha">Sokollu Mehmed Pasha</a>, Turkish Janissary and Grand Vizier (b. <a href="/wiki/1505" title="1505">1505</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_13" title="October 13">October 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Drury" title="William Drury">William Drury</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1527" title="1527">1527</a>)<a href="#cite_note-438">[438]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_21" title="October 21">October 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tanegashima_Tokitaka" title="Tanegashima Tokitaka">Tanegashima Tokitaka</a>, Japanese Daimyo (b. <a href="/wiki/1528" title="1528">1528</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_24" title="October 24">October 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Albert_V,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Albert V, Duke of Bavaria">Albert V, Duke of Bavaria</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1528" title="1528">1528</a>)<a href="#cite_note-439">[439]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9" title="November 9">November 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philip_VI,_Count_of_Waldeck" title="Philip VI, Count of Waldeck">Philip VI, Count of Waldeck</a> (1567–1579) (b. <a href="/wiki/1551" title="1551">1551</a>)<a href="#cite_note-440">[440]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_15" title="November 15">November 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francis_David" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis David">Francis David</a>, Hungarian religious reformer (b. <a href="/wiki/1510" title="1510">1510</a>)<a href="#cite_note-441">[441]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">November 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gresham" title="Thomas Gresham">Thomas Gresham</a>, English merchant and financier (b. <a href="/wiki/1519" title="1519">1519</a>)<a href="#cite_note-442">[442]</a></li> <li>date unknown <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Adriani" title="Giovanni Battista Adriani">Giovanni Battista Adriani</a>, Italian historian (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1512" title="1512">1512</a>)<a href="#cite_note-443">[443]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_de_Landa" title="Diego de Landa">Diego de Landa</a>, Spanish Bishop of the Yucatán (b. <a href="/wiki/1524" title="1524">1524</a>)<a href="#cite_note-444">[444]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieronim_Jarosz_Sieniawski" title="Hieronim Jarosz Sieniawski">Hieronim Jarosz Sieniawski</a>, Polish noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1516" title="1516">1516</a>)<a href="#cite_note-445">[445]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Thenn" title="Barbara Thenn">Barbara Thenn</a>, Austrian merchant and Münzmeister (b. <a href="/wiki/1519" title="1519">1519</a>)<a href="#cite_note-446">[446]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whittingham" title="William Whittingham">William Whittingham</a>, English Biblical scholar and religious reformer (b. <a href="/wiki/1524" title="1524">1524</a>)<a href="#cite_note-447">[447]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voravongsa_I" title="Voravongsa I">Voravongsa I</a>, Laotian king of <a href="/wiki/Lan_Xang" title="Lan Xang">Lan Xang</a></li></ul></li> <li>probable – <a href="/wiki/Hans_Staden" title="Hans Staden">Hans Staden</a>, German adventurer (b. <a href="/wiki/1525" title="1525">1525</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1570s&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Rt4_AQAAMAAJ">The Gentleman's Magazine</a>. 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Stanford: Stanford University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofjapan00sans/page/283">283–284</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0804705259" title="Special:BookSources/0804705259"><bdi>0804705259</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Japan+1334%E2%80%931615&rft.place=Stanford&rft.pages=283-284&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1961&rft.isbn=0804705259&rft.aulast=Sansom&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofjapan00sans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiraRoca1903" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mira, Jenaro Alenda y; Roca, Pedro (1903). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cupcAAAAcAAJ&dq=Ana+de+Austria+Felipe+%223+de+octubre+de+1570%22&pg=PA79">Relaciones de solemnidades y fiestas públicas de España</a> (in Spanish). 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Retrieved 24 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Relaciones+de+solemnidades+y+fiestas+p%C3%BAblicas+de+Espa%C3%B1a&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Sucesores+de+Rivadeneyra&rft.date=1903&rft.aulast=Mira&rft.aufirst=Jenaro+Alenda+y&rft.au=Roca%2C+Pedro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcupcAAAAcAAJ%26dq%3DAna%2Bde%2BAustria%2BFelipe%2B%25223%2Bde%2Boctubre%2Bde%2B1570%2522%26pg%3DPA79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEstela2021" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Estela, Emilio Callado (24 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XmZGEAAAQBAJ&dq=Ana+de+Austria+Felipe+%224+de+mayo+de+1570%22&pg=PA397">El advenimiento de la Casa de Austria a los Reinos Hispánicos</a> (in Spanish). Dykinson. p. 397. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-1377-693-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-1377-693-4"><bdi>978-84-1377-693-4</bdi></a>. Retrieved 24 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=El+advenimiento+de+la+Casa+de+Austria+a+los+Reinos+Hisp%C3%A1nicos.&rft.pages=397&rft.pub=Dykinson&rft.date=2021-08-24&rft.isbn=978-84-1377-693-4&rft.aulast=Estela&rft.aufirst=Emilio+Callado&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXmZGEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3DAna%2Bde%2BAustria%2BFelipe%2B%25224%2Bde%2Bmayo%2Bde%2B1570%2522%26pg%3DPA397&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://storing.ingv.it/cfti/cfti5/quake.php?00755IT">"Terremoto di Ferrara del 1570"</a> from the CFTI5 Catalogue of Strong Earthquakes in Italy (461 BC – 1997) and Mediterranean Area (760 B.C. – 1500) Guidoboni E., Ferrari G., Mariotti D., Comastri A., Tarabusi G., Sgattoni G., Valensise G. 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Brill. pp. 124–144. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-47570-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-47570-0"><bdi>978-90-04-47570-0</bdi></a>. Retrieved 24 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Peace+of+Stettin+%281570%E2%80%931576%29&rft.btitle=Germany%27s+Northern+Challenge&rft.pages=124-144&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.isbn=978-90-04-47570-0&rft.aulast=Lavery&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fdisplay%2Fbook%2F9789004475700%2FB9789004475700_s013.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewson2009" class="citation book cs1">Newson, Linda A. 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Retrieved 1 May 2015. <q>In 1571, after numerous trials, the Spanish perfected the techniques for refining Potosí's silver ore with Huancavelica's mercury, prompting Viceroy Francisco de Toledo to gush that the union of the two mines would create the world's greatest marriage.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=epicworldhistory.blogspot.com&rft.atitle=Epic+World+History%3A+Potos%C3%AD+%28Silver+Mines+of+Colonial+Peru%29&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepicworldhistory.blogspot.com%2F2012%2F05%2Fpotosi-silver-mines-of-colonial-peru.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> Du Rietz, Anita, Kvinnors entreprenörskap: under 400 år, 1. uppl., Dialogos, Stockholm, 2013 </li> <li id="cite_note-Cassell's_Chronology-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cassell's_Chronology_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cassell's_Chronology_45-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2005" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Hywel (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/226">Cassell's Chronology of World History</a>. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/226">226–229</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-304-35730-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-304-35730-8"><bdi>0-304-35730-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cassell%27s+Chronology+of+World+History&rft.place=London&rft.pages=226-229&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-304-35730-8&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Hywel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcassellschronolo0000will%2Fpage%2F226&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTyerman2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Tyerman" title="Christopher Tyerman">Tyerman, Christopher</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Jwa8ILtT3X8C&dq=Harrow+%22February+1572%22&pg=RA1-PA7">A History of Harrow School</a>. Oxford University Press. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-822796-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-822796-5"><bdi>0-19-822796-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Harrow+School&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-19-822796-5&rft.aulast=Tyerman&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJwa8ILtT3X8C%26dq%3DHarrow%2B%2522February%2B1572%2522%26pg%3DRA1-PA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> ("By his own admission, John Lyon did not found Harrow School. The Charter he received from Elizabeth I dated 19 February 1572 explicitly stated...") </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMircea_Eliade1987" class="citation book cs1">Mircea Eliade (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OuMkAAAAYAAJ">The Encyclopedia of Religion</a>. 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London: Cassell & C0. p. 221. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1854095234" title="Special:BookSources/1854095234"><bdi>1854095234</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Samurai+Sourcebook&rft.place=London&rft.pages=221&rft.pub=Cassell+%26+C0&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1854095234&rft.aulast=Turnbull&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tracy-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tracy_49-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tracy_49-1">b</a> J.D. Tracy, The Founding of the Dutch Republic: War, Finance, and Politics in Holland 1572–1588 (Oxford University Press, 2008) pp.78-79 </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSt_James_PressAnthony_LeviRetired_Professor_of_French_Anthony_Levi1992" class="citation book cs1">St James Press; Anthony Levi; Retired Professor of French Anthony Levi (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oqkRAQAAMAAJ">Guide to French Literature: Beginnings to 1789</a>. St. James Press. p. 1012. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55862-159-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55862-159-6"><bdi>978-1-55862-159-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guide+to+French+Literature%3A+Beginnings+to+1789&rft.pages=1012&rft.pub=St.+James+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-1-55862-159-6&rft.au=St+James+Press&rft.au=Anthony+Levi&rft.au=Retired+Professor+of+French+Anthony+Levi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoqkRAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSt._John's_University_(New_York,_N.Y.)1960" class="citation book cs1">St. John's University (New York, N.Y.) 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European Journal of Turkish Studies (16). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fejts.4396">10.4000/ejts.4396</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Turkish+Studies&rft.atitle=Forced+Population+Movements+in+the+Ottoman+Empire+and+the+Early+Turkish+Republic%3A+An+Attempt+at+Reassessment+through+Demographic+Engineering&rft.issue=16&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fejts.4396&rft.aulast=%C5%9Eeker&rft.aufirst=Nesim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4000%252Fejts.4396&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arnade-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Arnade_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arnade_54-1">b</a> Peter Arnade, Beggars, Iconoclasts, and Civic Patriots: The Political Culture of the Dutch Revolt (Cornell University Press, 2008) pp.226-229 </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Otago" title="University of Otago">University of Otago</a> Library exhibition note for <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.library.otago.ac.nz/exhibitions/delights/case_eight.html">The Earth & Beyond</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212211818/http://www.library.otago.ac.nz/exhibitions/delights/case_eight.html">Archived</a> February 12, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; Allen, R. H. Star Names: their Lore and Meaning, Bill Thayer's edition at <a href="/wiki/LacusCurtius" title="LacusCurtius">LacusCurtius</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Cassiopeia*.html">"Cassiopeia."</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMotley1871" class="citation book cs1">Motley, John Lothrop (1871). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lTNfFrXJkgsC&q=Massacre+of+Naarden&pg=PA502">The Rise of the Dutch Republic: A History</a>. George Routledge and Sons.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+the+Dutch+Republic%3A+A+History&rft.pub=George+Routledge+and+Sons&rft.date=1871&rft.aulast=Motley&rft.aufirst=John+Lothrop&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlTNfFrXJkgsC%26q%3DMassacre%2Bof%2BNaarden%26pg%3DPA502&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> "Grande enciclopédia portuguesa e brasileira" de 1936, citado na página 60. </li> <li id="cite_note-Fergus-58"><a href="#cite_ref-Fergus_58-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO’Sullivan2021" class="citation web cs1">O’Sullivan, Fergus (14 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historyguild.org/the-siege-of-haarlem-kenau-and-creating-a-heroine/">"The Siege of Haarlem, Kenau, and Creating a Heroine"</a>. History Guild.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History+Guild&rft.atitle=The+Siege+of+Haarlem%2C+Kenau%2C+and+Creating+a+Heroine&rft.date=2021-06-14&rft.aulast=O%E2%80%99Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Fergus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistoryguild.org%2Fthe-siege-of-haarlem-kenau-and-creating-a-heroine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WDL-59"><a href="#cite_ref-WDL_59-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11198/">"The Lusiads"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Digital_Library" title="World Digital Library">World Digital Library</a>. 1800–1882. Retrieved 2013-08-31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Digital+Library&rft.atitle=The+Lusiads&rft.date=1800%2F1882&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wdl.org%2Fen%2Fitem%2F11198%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeroen_Pieter_Lamers2000" class="citation book cs1">Jeroen Pieter Lamers (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2-CIg2yGJx8C">Japonius Tyrannus: The Japanese Warlord, Oda Nobunaga Reconsidered</a>. Hotei Publishing. p. 49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-74822-22-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-74822-22-0"><bdi>978-90-74822-22-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japonius+Tyrannus%3A+The+Japanese+Warlord%2C+Oda+Nobunaga+Reconsidered&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=Hotei+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-90-74822-22-0&rft.au=Jeroen+Pieter+Lamers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2-CIg2yGJx8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJedinDolan1980" class="citation book cs1">Jedin, Hubert; Dolan, John Patrick (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jJHYAAAAMAAJ&dq=Warsaw+Confederation+religious+freedom+%2228+january+1573%22&pg=PA319">History of the Church: Reformation and Counter Reformation</a>. Burns & Oates. p. 319. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86012-085-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86012-085-8"><bdi>978-0-86012-085-8</bdi></a>. 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Princeton University Press. p. 245. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-20539-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-20539-7"><bdi>978-0-691-20539-7</bdi></a>. 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Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne. 18 (4): 153–164. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.25167%2Fosap.3438">10.25167/osap.3438</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1731-8297">1731-8297</a>. 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Henderson; Alexander C. Henderson; Helen Delpar (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e2F7c0wW7g4C&pg=PA83">A Reference Guide to Latin American History</a>. M.E. Sharpe. p. 83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56324-744-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56324-744-6"><bdi>978-1-56324-744-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Reference+Guide+to+Latin+American+History&rft.pages=83&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-56324-744-6&rft.au=James+D.+Henderson&rft.au=Alexander+C.+Henderson&rft.au=Helen+Delpar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3De2F7c0wW7g4C%26pg%3DPA83&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeiresc1982" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Peiresc, Nicolas Claude Fabri de (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NIzpAAAAMAAJ&q=%20%2211%20juillet%201573%22">Abrégé de l'histoire de Provence et autres textes inédits</a> (in French). Aubanel. p. 257. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7006-0096-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-7006-0096-4"><bdi>978-2-7006-0096-4</bdi></a>. 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Diputación de Ávila, Institución "Gran Duque de Alba". p. 281. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-96433-78-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-96433-78-6"><bdi>978-84-96433-78-6</bdi></a>. 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Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 169. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-08823-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-08823-0"><bdi>978-0-313-08823-0</bdi></a>. 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The Independent. 9 April 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/schools/queen-elizabeths-boys-grammar-has-been-doing-its-own-thing-since-1573-with-impressive-results-9249507.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2022. 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Orient Blackswan. p. 34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-250-0333-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-250-0333-5"><bdi>978-81-250-0333-5</bdi></a>. Retrieved 22 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Jaipur%3A+C.+1503-1938&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=Orient+Blackswan&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-81-250-0333-5&rft.aulast=Sarkar&rft.aufirst=Jadunath&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO0oPIo9TXKcC%26q%3D1574&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatson1839" class="citation book cs1">Watson, Robert (1839). The History of the Reign of Philip the Second, King of Spain. Tegg.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Reign+of+Philip+the+Second%2C+King+of+Spain&rft.pub=Tegg&rft.date=1839&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://museeprotestant.org/en/notice/cinquieme-guerre-de-religion-1574-1576/">"Fifth war of Religion (1574-1576)"</a>. museeprotestant.org. 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Routledge. p. 125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-92159-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-92159-6"><bdi>978-1-351-92159-6</bdi></a>. Retrieved 22 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Local+Politics+in+the+French+Wars+of+Religion%3A+The+Towns+of+Champagne%2C+the+Duc+de+Guise%2C+and+the+Catholic+League%2C+1560%E2%80%9395&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017-05-15&rft.isbn=978-1-351-92159-6&rft.aulast=Konnert&rft.aufirst=Mark+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DajneDgAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dfifth%2Bwar%2Bhuguenots%2B%2522february%2B1574%2522%26pg%3DPA125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peterson-91">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Peterson_91-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peterson_91-1">b</a> Gary Dean Peterson, Warrior Kings of Sweden: The Rise of an Empire in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries (McFarland, 2007) pp. 91-93 </li> <li id="cite_note-Edwards1960-92">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Edwards1960_92-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Edwards1960_92-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Edwards1960" class="citation book cs1">William Edwards (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uSVGAQAAIAAJ">Notes on European History: The Reformation and the ascendancy of France, 1494-1715</a>. Rivingtons. p. 290.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Notes+on+European+History%3A+The+Reformation+and+the+ascendancy+of+France%2C+1494-1715&rft.pages=290&rft.pub=Rivingtons&rft.date=1960&rft.au=William+Edwards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuSVGAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMajumdar1974" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/R.C._Majumdar" class="mw-redirect" title="R.C. Majumdar">Majumdar, R.C.</a> (1974). "The Five Sultanates of the Deccan". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mughal-empire-r.-c.-majumdar-1974">The Mughul Empire</a>. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. pp. 465–466.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Five+Sultanates+of+the+Deccan&rft.btitle=The+Mughul+Empire&rft.pages=465-466&rft.pub=Bharatiya+Vidya+Bhavan&rft.date=1974&rft.aulast=Majumdar&rft.aufirst=R.C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmughal-empire-r.-c.-majumdar-1974&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Buisseret1972-94">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Buisseret1972_94-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Buisseret1972_94-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Buisseret1972" class="citation book cs1">David Buisseret (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BlprPZtkDuEC">Huguenots and Papists</a>. Ginn. p. 65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-602-21539-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-602-21539-2"><bdi>978-0-602-21539-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Huguenots+and+Papists&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=Ginn&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0-602-21539-2&rft.au=David+Buisseret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBlprPZtkDuEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bílá_věž1-95"><a href="#cite_ref-Bílá_věž1_95-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bilavez.cz/historie.html">History of the White Tower</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-KMS-96"><a href="#cite_ref-KMS_96-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSetton1984" class="citation book cs1">Setton, Kenneth Meyer (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_DUwLAAAAIAAJ/page/1094/mode/2up?q=%2212+july%22">The Papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571: Vol.IV</a>. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society. p. 1095. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87169-114-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87169-114-9"><bdi>978-0-87169-114-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Papacy+and+the+Levant%2C+1204%E2%80%931571%3A+Vol.IV&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=1095&rft.pub=The+American+Philosophical+Society&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-87169-114-9&rft.aulast=Setton&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+Meyer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_DUwLAAAAIAAJ%2Fpage%2F1094%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3D%252212%2Bjuly%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWiese1902" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Wiese, Ludwig Adolph (1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mqxz4yhmwAIC&dq=Johann+Georg+Evangelisches+Gymnasium+%2213+juli+1574%22&pg=PA200">Das Höhere Schulwesen in Preussen: Historisch-statistische Darstellung, im Auftrage des Ministers der geistlichen, Unterrichts- und Medicinal-Angelegenheiten</a> (in German). 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Vasadöttrarna ['The Vasa Daughters']. Falun: Historiska Media. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-91-85873-87-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-91-85873-87-6">978-91-85873-87-6</a> (In Swedish) </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOostrom1998" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Oostrom, F. P. van (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tHzjAAAAMAAJ&q=leiden+Louis+Boisot+Geuzen+%223+oktober+1574%22">Historisch tableau: geschiedenis opnieuw verbeeld in schoolplaten en essays</a> (in Dutch). Amsterdam University Press. p. 56. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-5356-316-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-5356-316-8"><bdi>978-90-5356-316-8</bdi></a>. 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London: Faber & Faber. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-571-33024-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-571-33024-9"><bdi>978-0-571-33024-9</bdi></a>. 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Retrieved 30 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Indian+Studies&rft.atitle=Christianity+in+the+Court+of+Mughal+Emperor+Akbar+%281556-1605AD%29&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=189-198&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Akhtar&rft.aufirst=Awais&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fd1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net%2F62859043%2F5_v5_2_1920200407-112762-1mmqisn-libre.pdf%3F1586265930%3D%26response-content-disposition%3Dinline%253B%2Bfilename%253DChristianity_in_the_Court_of_Mughal_Empe.pdf%26Expires%3D1706654877%26Signature%3DOKhwyY46Ah1v8kLonuVXhyWGC0GaSTW4BvP6UHcoRJOK9zcSY1YyN3A2qyvY6ngVCghox5J92tBXdDKgs2KTs15GY43RDW7ZaEsnZ8AeBZwz9-vrUjHEX9qEUj-xErli9LLM1IPC4wiLBHPUrJgT42Mn1z9ZSiLgzv8D6C6jQArTaLgXyLBfX-tSdPGtmGR5oU13J--cHRpDH18Vk9Q3S13bqP4grCbThEw4hUuXJhZq7ayJ7vof1EInXSwvfHaoQuUfz6CacxDyhPmqVNYGGgfNfmk3TSc7PuDV~RYI0ADLNHrmggis17TyjmTn1ydfXhiYgMyuicpVLin3t~9Z6g__%26Key-Pair-Id%3DAPKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAKYLBEKOV2022" class="citation journal cs1">AKYLBEKOV, Kalibek (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gtg.webhost.uoradea.ro/PDF/GTG-4-2022/gtg.44434-966.pdf">"Marinduk Island in the Philippines from the Position of Geography of Tourism"</a> (PDF). GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites. 44 (4): 1459–1471. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.30892%2Fgtg.44434-966">10.30892/gtg.44434-966</a>. 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Retrieved 8 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Your+Ancestry&rft.pages=83&rft.pub=Green+Cat+Books&rft.date=2022-07-01&rft.isbn=978-1-913794-39-2&rft.aulast=Lamb&rft.aufirst=Francis+Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmR54EAAAQBAJ%26dq%3DHenry%2BLennard%2B%252225%2Bmarch%2B1570%2522%26pg%3DPA83&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-eFrAAAAQBAJ">Chase's Calendar of Events 2014</a>. McGraw Hill Professional. 4 October 2013. p. 221. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-183091-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-183091-1"><bdi>978-0-07-183091-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chase%27s+Calendar+of+Events+2014&rft.pages=221&rft.pub=McGraw+Hill+Professional&rft.date=2013-10-04&rft.isbn=978-0-07-183091-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-eFrAAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mesUAAAAYAAJ&dq=Johann+III+%2222+mai+1570%22&pg=PA110">Brockhaus' kleines Conversations-lexikon: Encyklopädisches Handwörterbuch</a> (in German). 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Treccani (in Italian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Treccani&rft.atitle=Rainaldi%2C+Girolamo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.treccani.it%2Fenciclopedia%2Fgirolamo-rainaldi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/display/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0002021327">"Sessa, Claudia"</a>. Grove Music Online. Retrieved 12 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Grove+Music+Online&rft.atitle=Sessa%2C+Claudia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordmusiconline.com%2Fgrovemusic%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.001.0001%2Fomo-9781561592630-e-0002021327&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m_AfAQAAIAAJ&q=Katharina+Henot+%221570%22">Friedrich Spee, Priester, Mahner und Poet (1591-1635): eine Ausstellung der Diözesan- und Dombibliothek Köln in Zusammenarbeit mit der Friedrich-Spee-Gesellschaft Düsseldorf, 11. Juni bis 9. Oktober 2008</a> (in German). Erzbischöfliche Diözesan- und Dombibliothek. 2008. p. 200. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-939160-16-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-939160-16-8"><bdi>978-3-939160-16-8</bdi></a>. 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Państwowe Wydawn. Nauk. 1990. p. 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-01-09218-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-83-01-09218-4"><bdi>978-83-01-09218-4</bdi></a>. 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Taschen. p. 93. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8365-3685-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8365-3685-1"><bdi>978-3-8365-3685-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Caravaggio&rft.pages=93&rft.pub=Taschen&rft.isbn=978-3-8365-3685-1&rft.au=Gilles+Neret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlMKcAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA93&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UwYWAAAAIAAJ">Acta universitatis palackianae olomucensis</a>. 1978. p. 61.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Acta+universitatis+palackianae+olomucensis&rft.pages=61&rft.date=1978&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUwYWAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=odcSAQAAMAAJ&q=%20%2210%20januar%201573%22">Vierteljahrsschrift der Astronomischen Gesellschaft</a> (in German). Astronomische Gesellschaft. 1942. p. 25. Retrieved 16 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vierteljahrsschrift+der+Astronomischen+Gesellschaft&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=Astronomische+Gesellschaft&rft.date=1942&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DodcSAQAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2520%252210%2520januar%25201573%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://research.rkd.nl/en/detail/https%3A%2f%2fdata.rkd.nl%2fartists%2f11147">"RKD Research"</a>. research.rkd.nl. 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Retrieved 16 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dansk+biografisk+Lexikon&rft.place=Copenhagen&rft.pages=177&rft.pub=F.+Hegel+%26+S%C3%B8n&rft.date=1887&rft.aulast=Bricka&rft.aufirst=Carl+Frederik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fruneberg.org%2Fdbl%2F1%2F0195.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchubert1955" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schubert, Friedrich Hermann (1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EirTAAAAMAAJ&q=%20%2222%20januar%201573%22">Ludwig Camerarius, 1573-1651: eine Biographie</a> (in German). Opf., M. Lassleben. p. 14. 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Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 759. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-525-53982-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-525-53982-8"><bdi>978-3-525-53982-8</bdi></a>. 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Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-486-83080-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-486-83080-4"><bdi>978-3-486-83080-4</bdi></a>. 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Oxford University Press. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F13002">10.1093/ref:odnb/13002</a>. Retrieved 18 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hepburn%2C+James&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F13002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F9780198614128.001.0001%2Fodnb-9780198614128-e-13002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> (Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.) </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Inigo-Jones">"Inigo Jones | English architect and artist"</a>. 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Retrieved 18 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Later+Italian+Pictures+in+the+Collection+of+Her+Majesty+the+Queen&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Phaidon+Publishers&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Levey&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZKDqAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%252218%2520july%25201573%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBraunmühl1891" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Braunmühl, Anton von (1891). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9Axc7PmM6W8C&dq=Christoph+Scheiner+%2225+juli+1573%22&pg=PA1">Christoph Scheiner als Mathematiker, Physiker und Astronom</a> (in German). Buchner. p. 1. 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F.A. Perthes. p. 259. Retrieved 18 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geschichte+von+D%C3%A4nemark&rft.pages=259&rft.pub=F.A.+Perthes&rft.date=1902&rft.aulast=Sch%C3%A4fer&rft.aufirst=Dietrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQasTAAAAQAAJ%26dq%3DElisabeth%2Bvon%2BD%25C3%25A4nemark%2B%252225%2Baugust%2B1573%2522%26pg%3DPA259&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrevor-Roper2006" class="citation book cs1">Trevor-Roper, Hugh Redwald (1 January 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x-qFISc3fXMC&dq=Th%C3%A9odore+Turquet+de+Mayerne+%2228+september+1573%22&pg=PA17">Europe's Physician: The Various Life of Sir Theodore de Mayerne</a>. Yale University Press. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-11263-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-11263-4"><bdi>978-0-300-11263-4</bdi></a>. 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Retrieved 18 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Wriothesley%2C+Henry%2C+third+earl+of+Southampton&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F30073&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F9780198614128.001.0001%2Fodnb-9780198614128-e-30073&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> (Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.) </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRonald_H._FritzeWilliam_B._Robison1996" class="citation book cs1">Ronald H. Fritze; William B. 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Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 284. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-28391-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-28391-8"><bdi>978-0-313-28391-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Stuart+England%2C+1603-1689&rft.pages=284&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-313-28391-8&rft.au=Ronald+H.+Fritze&rft.au=William+B.+Robison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8goko0Lpr5sC%26pg%3DPA284&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeller1830" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Feller, François Xavier (1830). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b08IN0BoBSAC&dq=Jacobus+Boonen+11+oktober+1573&pg=PA6">Geschiedkundig woordenboek</a> (in Dutch). 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Journal of Early Modern Studies. 5 (1): 9–37. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5840%2Fjems2016511">10.5840/jems2016511</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2286-0290">2286-0290</a>. 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Oxford University Press. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-315220-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-315220-5"><bdi>978-0-19-315220-5</bdi></a>. 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Oxford University Press. p. 400. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533765-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533765-5"><bdi>978-0-19-533765-5</bdi></a>. 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Monasterii Sumptibus et typis librariae Regensbergianae. p. 286. 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Retrieved 24 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Barnfield%2C+Richard&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F1487&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F9780198614128.001.0001%2Fodnb-9780198614128-e-1487&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> (Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.) </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><a href="#cite_ref-287">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-1002388">"Hall, Joseph"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a> (online ed.). 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Historischer Verein für Niedersachsen. 1845. p. 114. 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Retrieved 24 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+moh%C3%A1csi+csat%C3%A1t%C3%B3l+Bessenyei+Gy%C3%B6rgy+fell%C3%A9p%C3%A9s%C3%A9ig+%281526-1772%29&rft.pages=213&rft.pub=R%C3%A9nyi+K.&rft.date=1909&rft.aulast=Pint%C3%A9r&rft.aufirst=Jen%C5%91&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D79-Cf4rLSVQC%26dq%3DAlbert%2BSzenczi%2BMoln%25C3%25A1r%2B%25221574.%2BAugusztus%2B30.%2522%26pg%3DPA213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6xHqnTA156sC&dq=Claudio+Achillini+%2218+settembre+1574%22&pg=PA197">Atti della Reale Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei. Ser. 6., Memorie della classe di scienze morali, storiche e filologiche</a> (in Italian). R. Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei. 1925. p. 197. Retrieved 24 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atti+della+Reale+Accademia+Nazionale+dei+Lincei.+Ser.+6.%2C+Memorie+della+classe+di+scienze+morali%2C+storiche+e+filologiche&rft.pages=197&rft.pub=R.+Accademia+Nazionale+dei+Lincei&rft.date=1925&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6xHqnTA156sC%26dq%3DClaudio%2BAchillini%2B%252218%2Bsettembre%2B1574%2522%26pg%3DPA197&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurke1866" class="citation book cs1">Burke, Bernard (1866). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K3MaAAAAYAAJ&dq=Ludovic+Stewart+%2229+september+1574%22&pg=PA513">A Genealogical History of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages of the British Empire</a>. Harrison. p. 513. Retrieved 24 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Genealogical+History+of+the+Dormant%2C+Abeyant%2C+Forfeited%2C+and+Extinct+Peerages+of+the+British+Empire&rft.pages=513&rft.pub=Harrison&rft.date=1866&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK3MaAAAAYAAJ%26dq%3DLudovic%2BStewart%2B%252229%2Bseptember%2B1574%2522%26pg%3DPA513&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><a href="#cite_ref-297">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGatakervan_den_Honert1745" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gataker, Thomas; van den Honert, Johan (1745). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EKpnAAAAcAAJ&dq=Thomas+Gataker+%224+september+1574%22&pg=PR34">Verklaring van de profeetsyen van Jesaia</a> (in Dutch). Isaak Tirion en Jacobus Loveringh. p. xxxiv. Retrieved 24 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Verklaring+van+de+profeetsyen+van+Jesaia&rft.pages=xxxiv&rft.pub=Isaak+Tirion+en+Jacobus+Loveringh&rft.date=1745&rft.aulast=Gataker&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=van+den+Honert%2C+Johan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEKpnAAAAcAAJ%26dq%3DThomas%2BGataker%2B%25224%2Bseptember%2B1574%2522%26pg%3DPR34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><a href="#cite_ref-298">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeyrous1995" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Peyrous, Bernard (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7GbSAAAAIAAJ&q=%2225%20octobre%201574%22">La réforme catholique à Bordeaux, 1600-1719: le renouveau d'un diocèse</a> (in French). Fédération historique du Sud-Ouest. p. 108. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-85408-021-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-85408-021-6"><bdi>978-2-85408-021-6</bdi></a>. Retrieved 24 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+r%C3%A9forme+catholique+%C3%A0+Bordeaux%2C+1600-1719%3A+le+renouveau+d%27un+dioc%C3%A8se&rft.pages=108&rft.pub=F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration+historique+du+Sud-Ouest&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-2-85408-021-6&rft.aulast=Peyrous&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7GbSAAAAIAAJ%26q%3D%252225%2520octobre%25201574%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-299"><a href="#cite_ref-299">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios1599.htm#Escoubleau">"The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of March 3, 1599"</a>. cardinals.fiu.edu. 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Retrieved 24 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+eendragt%3A+veertiendaegsch+tijdschrift+voor+letteren%2C+kunsten+en+wetenschappen&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Michiels&rft.date=1847&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzIM-AAAAcAAJ%26dq%3DErycius%2BPuteanus%2B%25224%2Bnovember%2B1574%2522%26pg%3DRA4-PA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDesbois1775" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Desbois, François Alexandre Aubert de la Chenaye (1775). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6UETAAAAQAAJ&dq=Charlotte+de+La+Marck+%225+novembre+1574%22&pg=PA515">Dictionnaire de la noblesse</a> (in French). Antione Boudet. p. 515. Retrieved 24 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+de+la+noblesse&rft.pages=515&rft.pub=Antione+Boudet&rft.date=1775&rft.aulast=Desbois&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois+Alexandre+Aubert+de+la+Chenaye&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6UETAAAAQAAJ%26dq%3DCharlotte%2Bde%2BLa%2BMarck%2B%25225%2Bnovembre%2B1574%2522%26pg%3DPA515&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DL9mAAAAcAAJ&dq=Maria+Christina+%2210+november+1574%22&pg=PA222">Archiv für österreichische Geschichte</a>. Karl Gerold. 1876. p. 222. Retrieved 24 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Archiv+f%C3%BCr+%C3%B6sterreichische+Geschichte&rft.pages=222&rft.pub=Karl+Gerold&rft.date=1876&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDL9mAAAAcAAJ%26dq%3DMaria%2BChristina%2B%252210%2Bnovember%2B1574%2522%26pg%3DPA222&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFund_Assenheim1888" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">und Assenheim, Otto Solms-Rödelheim und Assenheim (1888). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mR4RAAAAYAAJ&dq=Friedrich+zu+Solms-R%C3%B6delheim+%2230+november+1574%22&pg=PA1">Friedrich, graf zu Solms-Laubach, erster regierender graf zu Rödelheim. 1574-1635: Ein zeit- und lebensbild aus der periode der deutschen religionskämpfe. ier bd</a> (in German). Friedrich Eudhardt. p. 1. Retrieved 24 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Friedrich%2C+graf+zu+Solms-Laubach%2C+erster+regierender+graf+zu+R%C3%B6delheim.+1574-1635%3A+Ein+zeit-+und+lebensbild+aus+der+periode+der+deutschen+religionsk%C3%A4mpfe.+ier+bd&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Friedrich+Eudhardt&rft.date=1888&rft.aulast=und+Assenheim&rft.aufirst=Otto+Solms-R%C3%B6delheim+und+Assenheim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmR4RAAAAYAAJ%26dq%3DFriedrich%2Bzu%2BSolms-R%25C3%25B6delheim%2B%252230%2Bnovember%2B1574%2522%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><a href="#cite_ref-304">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWurzbach1861" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Wurzbach, Constantin von (1861). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x4xOtsEsWy0C&dq=Maria+Anna+von+Bayern+%2218+december+1574%22&pg=PA23">Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich</a> (in German). L. C. Zamarski. p. 23. Retrieved 27 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographisches+Lexikon+des+Kaiserthums+Oesterreich&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=L.+C.+Zamarski&rft.date=1861&rft.aulast=Wurzbach&rft.aufirst=Constantin+von&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx4xOtsEsWy0C%26dq%3DMaria%2BAnna%2Bvon%2BBayern%2B%252218%2Bdecember%2B1574%2522%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-305"><a href="#cite_ref-305">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZałęski1901" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Załęski, Stanisław (1901). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z6wuAAAAYAAJ&dq=Miko%C5%82aj+%C5%81%C4%99czycki+%2210+grudnia+1574%22&pg=PA687">Jezuici w Polsce</a> (in Polish). Drukiem i nakładem, drukarni ludowej. p. 687. 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Nakl. spolku pro vydáváni laciných knih českých. p. 88. 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Tudor and Stuart Consorts: Power, Influence, and Dynasty. Queenship and Power. Springer International Publishing. pp. 211–229. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-030-95197-9_13">10.1007/978-3-030-95197-9_13</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-95197-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-95197-9"><bdi>978-3-030-95197-9</bdi></a>. Retrieved 27 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Anna+of+Denmark%3A+Daughter%2C+Wife%2C+Sister%2C+and+Mother+of+Kings&rft.btitle=Tudor+and+Stuart+Consorts%3A+Power%2C+Influence%2C+and+Dynasty&rft.series=Queenship+and+Power&rft.pages=211-229&rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-030-95197-9_13&rft.isbn=978-3-030-95197-9&rft.aulast=Field&rft.aufirst=Jemma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fchapter%2F10.1007%2F978-3-030-95197-9_13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-308"><a href="#cite_ref-308">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteinitz1892" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Steinitz, Hugo (1892). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OExJAQAAMAAJ&dq=Samuel+Besler+%2215+december+1574%22&pg=PA14">Ueber das Leben und die Compositionen des Matthaeus Apelles von Löwenstern</a> (in German). Verlag nicht ermittelbar. p. 14. Retrieved 27 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ueber+das+Leben+und+die+Compositionen+des+Matthaeus+Apelles+von+L%C3%B6wenstern&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Verlag+nicht+ermittelbar&rft.date=1892&rft.aulast=Steinitz&rft.aufirst=Hugo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOExJAQAAMAAJ%26dq%3DSamuel%2BBesler%2B%252215%2Bdecember%2B1574%2522%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-309"><a href="#cite_ref-309">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDay1979" class="citation book cs1">Day, John (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/criticaleditiono0000dayj/page/n13/mode/2up?q=1574">A critical edition of John Day's The parliament of bees</a>. New York: Garland Pub. p. xi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8240-9748-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8240-9748-6"><bdi>978-0-8240-9748-6</bdi></a>. Retrieved 27 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+critical+edition+of+John+Day%27s+The+parliament+of+bees&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=xi&rft.pub=Garland+Pub.&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-8240-9748-6&rft.aulast=Day&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcriticaleditiono0000dayj%2Fpage%2Fn13%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3D1574&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-310"><a href="#cite_ref-310">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrož1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Brož, Ivan (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zEQnAAAAMAAJ&q=Vil%C3%A9m+Kinsk%C3%BD+%221574%22">Velké postavy rodu Kinských</a> (in Czech). Petrklíč. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-80-85243-87-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-80-85243-87-1"><bdi>978-80-85243-87-1</bdi></a>. 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Retrieved 27 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oxfordmusiconline.com&rft.atitle=Pari%2C+Claudio+%5BParis%2C+Claude%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordmusiconline.com%2Fgrovemusic%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.001.0001%2Fomo-9781561592630-e-0000020899&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYang2020" class="citation book cs1">Yang, Shuhui (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/41563">Appropriation and Representation: Feng Menglong and the Chinese Vernacular Story</a>. University of Michigan Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3998%2Fmpub.19263">10.3998/mpub.19263</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12657%2F41563">20.500.12657/41563</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-472-90151-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-472-90151-7"><bdi>978-0-472-90151-7</bdi></a>. Retrieved 27 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Appropriation+and+Representation%3A+Feng+Menglong+and+the+Chinese+Vernacular+Story&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F20.500.12657%2F41563&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3998%2Fmpub.19263&rft.isbn=978-0-472-90151-7&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Shuhui&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.oapen.org%2Fhandle%2F20.500.12657%2F41563&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-313"><a href="#cite_ref-313">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBugeja2014" class="citation journal cs1">Bugeja, Anton (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180620141601/https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/35672725/chapter04_final_Clemente_Tabone.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1529504613&Signature=grPUX4FKDtCqw60ifLpaEPlCqew%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DClemente_Tabone_The_Man_his_family_and_t.pdf">"Clemente Tabone: The man, his family and the early years of St Clement's Chapel"</a> (PDF). The Turkish Raid of 1614: 42–57. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/9430538">the original</a> on 20 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Turkish+Raid+of+1614&rft.atitle=Clemente+Tabone%3A+The+man%2C+his+family+and+the+early+years+of+St+Clement%27s+Chapel&rft.pages=42-57&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Bugeja&rft.aufirst=Anton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F9430538&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-314"><a href="#cite_ref-314">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIrene_Musillo_Mitchell1991" class="citation book cs1">Irene Musillo Mitchell (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZoSgAAAAMAAJ">Beatrice Cenci</a>. P. Lang. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8204-1525-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8204-1525-3"><bdi>978-0-8204-1525-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beatrice+Cenci&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=P.+Lang&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-8204-1525-3&rft.au=Irene+Musillo+Mitchell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZoSgAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-315"><a href="#cite_ref-315">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCouncil_of_EuropSteffen_HeibergNationalhistoriske_museum_på_Frederiksborg1988" class="citation book cs1">Council of Europ; Steffen Heiberg; Nationalhistoriske museum på Frederiksborg (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N55DAQAAIAAJ">Christian IV and Europe: The 19th Art Exhibition of the Council of Europe, Denmark 1988</a>. Foundation for Christian IV Year 1988. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-982843-2-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-982843-2-1"><bdi>978-87-982843-2-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christian+IV+and+Europe%3A+The+19th+Art+Exhibition+of+the+Council+of+Europe%2C+Denmark+1988&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Foundation+for+Christian+IV+Year+1988&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-87-982843-2-1&rft.au=Council+of+Europ&rft.au=Steffen+Heiberg&rft.au=Nationalhistoriske+museum+p%C3%A5+Frederiksborg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN55DAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-316"><a href="#cite_ref-316">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_Oppenheimer2002" class="citation book cs1">Paul Oppenheimer (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1mKQdAfl5R4C&pg=PA85">Rubens: A Portrait</a>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 85. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8154-1209-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8154-1209-0"><bdi>978-0-8154-1209-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rubens%3A+A+Portrait&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8154-1209-0&rft.au=Paul+Oppenheimer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1mKQdAfl5R4C%26pg%3DPA85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-317"><a href="#cite_ref-317">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/harvey_william.shtml">"BBC - History - William Harvey"</a>. www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 26 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=BBC+-+History+-+William+Harvey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fhistoric_figures%2Fharvey_william.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-318"><a href="#cite_ref-318">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Kwg1AAAAMAAJ">The Encyclopedia Americana</a>. Grolier. 2000. p. 887. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7172-0133-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7172-0133-4"><bdi>978-0-7172-0133-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+Americana&rft.pages=887&rft.pub=Grolier&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7172-0133-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKwg1AAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-319"><a href="#cite_ref-319">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Levey1964" class="citation book cs1">Michael Levey (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKDqAAAAMAAJ">The Later Italian Pictures in the Collection of Her Majesty the Queen</a>. Phaidon Publishers. p. 51.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Later+Italian+Pictures+in+the+Collection+of+Her+Majesty+the+Queen&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=Phaidon+Publishers&rft.date=1964&rft.au=Michael+Levey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZKDqAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-320"><a href="#cite_ref-320">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEngelberts1898" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Engelberts, Willem Jodocus Matthias (1898). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GHUrAAAAYAAJ&q=%20%224%20januari%201579%22">Willem Teellinck</a> (in Dutch). Scheffer & Company. p. 3. 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Retrieved 30 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anzeiger+des+Germanischen+Nationalmuseums&rft.pages=113&rft.pub=Germanisches+Nationalmuseum+Nurnberg&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk2LrAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%252223%2520januar%25201579%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-323"><a href="#cite_ref-323">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ejhtAAAAIAAJ&q=%20%2224%20februar%201579%22">Basler Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Altertumskunde</a> (in German). R. Reich. 1989. p. 46. Retrieved 30 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Basler+Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Geschichte+und+Altertumskunde&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=R.+Reich&rft.date=1989&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DejhtAAAAIAAJ%26q%3D%2520%252224%2520februar%25201579%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-324"><a href="#cite_ref-324">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-17991">"Mansell, Francis"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F17991">10.1093/ref:odnb/17991</a>. Retrieved 30 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mansell%2C+Francis&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F17991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F9780198614128.001.0001%2Fodnb-9780198614128-e-17991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> (Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.) </li> <li id="cite_note-325"><a href="#cite_ref-325">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eVk7AQAAMAAJ&dq=August+der+J%C3%BCngere+10+aprile+1579&pg=RA5-PA65">Jahrbuch des Provinzialmuseums zu Hannover</a> (in German). Wilh. Riemschneider. 1909. p. 65. 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Twenty-Third Publications. p. 127. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89622-628-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89622-628-9"><bdi>978-0-89622-628-9</bdi></a>. 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Oxford University Press. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F9730">10.1093/ref:odnb/9730</a>. Retrieved 2 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fletcher%2C+John&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F9730&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F9780198614128.001.0001%2Fodnb-9780198614128-e-9730&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> (Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.) </li> <li id="cite_note-347"><a href="#cite_ref-347">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-817">"Astley, Jacob, first Baron Astley of Reading"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F817">10.1093/ref:odnb/817</a>. Retrieved 2 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Astley%2C+Jacob%2C+first+Baron+Astley+of+Reading&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F817&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F9780198614128.001.0001%2Fodnb-9780198614128-e-817&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> (Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.) </li> <li id="cite_note-348"><a href="#cite_ref-348">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarquhar2017" class="citation book cs1">Farquhar, Alexander (1 January 2017). "8 Arthur Johnston (c. 1579–1641): A Scottish Neo-Latin Poet in Europe". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/display/book/9789004330733/B9789004330733_010.xml">Neo-Latin Literature and Literary Culture in Early Modern Scotland</a>. Brill. pp. 203–222. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-33073-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-33073-3"><bdi>978-90-04-33073-3</bdi></a>. 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Innes Review. 34 (2): 51–65. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3366%2Finr.1983.34.2.51">10.3366/inr.1983.34.2.51</a>. 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Impr. Herissant. p. 202. Retrieved 12 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biblioth%C3%A8que+historique+de+la+France%3A+contenant+le+catalogue+des+ouvrages%2C+imprim%C3%A9s+%26+manuscrits%2C+qui+traitent+de+h%27histoire+de+ce+royaume%2C+ou+qui+y+ont+rapport%3B+avec+des+notes+critiques+et+historiques&rft.pages=202&rft.pub=Impr.+Herissant&rft.date=1775&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=Jacques+Le&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB35aAAAAYAAJ%26dq%3DMarie-Catherine%2BPierrevive%2B%25224%2Baout%2B1570%2522%26pg%3DRA4-PA202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-359"><a href="#cite_ref-359">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEstes2007" class="citation book cs1">Estes, James Martin (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6VxWdVP8TKQC&dq=Johannes+Brenz+%2211+september+1570%22&pg=PA41">Christian Magistrate and Territorial Church: Johannes Brenz and the German Reformation</a>. Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies. p. 41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7727-2034-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7727-2034-4"><bdi>978-0-7727-2034-4</bdi></a>. Retrieved 13 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christian+Magistrate+and+Territorial+Church%3A+Johannes+Brenz+and+the+German+Reformation&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=Centre+for+Reformation+and+Renaissance+Studies&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7727-2034-4&rft.aulast=Estes&rft.aufirst=James+Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6VxWdVP8TKQC%26dq%3DJohannes%2BBrenz%2B%252211%2Bseptember%2B1570%2522%26pg%3DPA41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-360"><a href="#cite_ref-360">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMander1994" class="citation book cs1">Mander, Carel van (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8BvrAAAAMAAJ&q=Frans+Floris+%221+october+1570%22">The Lives of the Illustrious Netherlandish and German Painters</a>. Davaco. p. 40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-70288-93-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-70288-93-8"><bdi>978-90-70288-93-8</bdi></a>. Retrieved 13 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lives+of+the+Illustrious+Netherlandish+and+German+Painters&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Davaco&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-90-70288-93-8&rft.aulast=Mander&rft.aufirst=Carel+van&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8BvrAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DFrans%2BFloris%2B%25221%2Boctober%2B1570%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-361"><a href="#cite_ref-361">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomasChesworth2015" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, David; Chesworth, John A. (17 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nohjCgAAQBAJ&dq=Manoel+da+N%C3%B3brega+%2218+october+1570%22+rio+de+janeiro&pg=PA816">Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History. Volume 7 Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa and South America (1500-1600): Volume 7. Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa and South America (1500-1600)</a>. BRILL. p. 816. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-29848-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-29848-4"><bdi>978-90-04-29848-4</bdi></a>. Retrieved 13 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christian-Muslim+Relations.+A+Bibliographical+History.+Volume+7+Central+and+Eastern+Europe%2C+Asia%2C+Africa+and+South+America+%281500-1600%29%3A+Volume+7.+Central+and+Eastern+Europe%2C+Asia%2C+Africa+and+South+America+%281500-1600%29&rft.pages=816&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2015-08-17&rft.isbn=978-90-04-29848-4&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Chesworth%2C+John+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnohjCgAAQBAJ%26dq%3DManoel%2Bda%2BN%25C3%25B3brega%2B%252218%2Boctober%2B1570%2522%2Brio%2Bde%2Bjaneiro%26pg%3DPA816&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-362"><a href="#cite_ref-362">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaria1778" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Faria, Manoel Severim de (1778). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0vdgAAAAcAAJ&dq=Jo%C3%A3o+de+Barros+%2220+de+outubro+de+1570%22&pg=PR57">Vida de João de Barros</a> (in Brazilian Portuguese). Regia Officina Typografica. p. lvii. 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Europa în România. p. 189. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-973-97881-2-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-973-97881-2-0"><bdi>978-973-97881-2-0</bdi></a>. 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Cambridge University Press. p. 119. <q>....where he died on the 17th of July 1571</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fabricius%2C+Georg&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=119&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-373"><a href="#cite_ref-373">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Pius-V">"Saint Pius V | pope | Britannica"</a>. www.britannica.com. 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Oxford University Press. p. 517. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-821373-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-821373-4"><bdi>978-0-19-821373-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Knox&rft.pages=517&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=978-0-19-821373-4&rft.au=Jasper+Godwin+Ridley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXoMcAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-375"><a href="#cite_ref-375">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"1570s". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbkl.de/s/s4/sylvan_j">Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL)</a> (in German).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1570s&rft.btitle=Biographisch-Bibliographisches+Kirchenlexikon+%28BBKL%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbkl.de%2Fs%2Fs4%2Fsylvan_j&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-376"><a href="#cite_ref-376">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoecher1816" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Joecher, Christian Gottlieb (1816). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SVpnAAAAcAAJ&dq=Johann+Pfeffinger+27+december+1573&pg=PA2181">Allgemeines Gelehrten Lexicon</a> (in German). Gleditsch. p. 2182. Retrieved 16 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Allgemeines+Gelehrten+Lexicon&rft.pages=2182&rft.pub=Gleditsch&rft.date=1816&rft.aulast=Joecher&rft.aufirst=Christian+Gottlieb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSVpnAAAAcAAJ%26dq%3DJohann%2BPfeffinger%2B27%2Bdecember%2B1573%26pg%3DPA2181&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-377"><a href="#cite_ref-377">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHickey2022" class="citation book cs1">Hickey, Julia A. (15 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zMSAEAAAQBAJ&dq=William+Howard+%2212+january+1573%22&pg=PA41">The Son that Elizabeth I Never Had: The Adventurous Life of Robert Dudley's Illegitimate Son</a>. Pen and Sword History. p. 41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-3990-9115-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-3990-9115-2"><bdi>978-1-3990-9115-2</bdi></a>. 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Au Bureau des annales militaires. p. 130. 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University of Minnesota. p. 270.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Michel+de+L%27H%C3%B4pital%3A+The+Political+Vision+of+a+Reformist+Chancellor+1560-1568&rft.pages=270&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota&rft.date=1991&rft.au=Seong-Hak+Kim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxUsi0wTCFSIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-380"><a href="#cite_ref-380">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/schooten">"Schooten, Maria van"</a>. resources.huygens.knaw.nl. Retrieved 21 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=resources.huygens.knaw.nl&rft.atitle=Schooten%2C+Maria+van&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresources.huygens.knaw.nl%2Fvrouwenlexicon%2Flemmata%2Fdata%2Fschooten&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-381"><a href="#cite_ref-381">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios1544.htm#Truchess">"Consistory of December 19, 1544 (VIII)"</a>. cardinals.fiu.edu. 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Brill. pp. 39–48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-474-2253-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-474-2253-2"><bdi>978-90-474-2253-2</bdi></a>. Retrieved 21 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+Three.+The+Northern+Scholars%3A+Masius&rft.btitle=The+Kabbalistic+Scholars+of+the+Antwerp+Polyglot+Bible&rft.pages=39-48&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2007-01-01&rft.isbn=978-90-474-2253-2&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=R.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fdisplay%2Fbook%2F9789047422532%2FBej.9789004162518.i-144_004.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-383"><a href="#cite_ref-383">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelsey2000" class="citation book cs1">Kelsey, Harry (1 January 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=svtPzefAv-MC&dq=Guillaume+Le+Testu+29+avril+1573&pg=PA63">Sir Francis Drake: The Queen's Pirate</a>. Yale University Press. p. 63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-08463-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-08463-4"><bdi>978-0-300-08463-4</bdi></a>. Retrieved 21 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sir+Francis+Drake%3A+The+Queen%27s+Pirate&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-300-08463-4&rft.aulast=Kelsey&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsvtPzefAv-MC%26dq%3DGuillaume%2BLe%2BTestu%2B29%2Bavril%2B1573%26pg%3DPA63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-384"><a href="#cite_ref-384">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamers2000" class="citation book cs1">Lamers, Jeroen Pieter (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2-CIg2yGJx8C&q=%20%2213%20may%201573%22">Japonius Tyrannus: The Japanese Warlord, Oda Nobunaga Reconsidered</a>. Hotei Publishing. p. 94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-74822-22-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-74822-22-0"><bdi>978-90-74822-22-0</bdi></a>. Retrieved 21 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japonius+Tyrannus%3A+The+Japanese+Warlord%2C+Oda+Nobunaga+Reconsidered&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=Hotei+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-90-74822-22-0&rft.aulast=Lamers&rft.aufirst=Jeroen+Pieter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2-CIg2yGJx8C%26q%3D%2520%252213%2520may%25201573%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-385"><a href="#cite_ref-385">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios1572.htm#Verancsics">"The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of June 2, 1572"</a>. cardinals.fiu.edu. 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Encyclopaedia Britannica. p. 80.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Britannica%3A+A+New+Survey+of+Universal+Knowledge&rft.pages=80&rft.pub=Encyclopaedia+Britannica&rft.date=1961&rft.au=Harry+S.+Ashmore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyQ5GAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-387"><a href="#cite_ref-387">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7GhQAQAAMAAJ&dq=Jacopo+Barozzi+da+Vignola+%227+luglio+1573%22&pg=RA1-PA54">Atti e memorie</a> (in Italian). Deputazione di storia patria per le provincie dell'Emilia. 1879. p. 54. 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Oxford University Press. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F4351">10.1093/ref:odnb/4351</a>. 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Kodansha. 1983. p. 95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87011-620-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87011-620-9"><bdi>978-0-87011-620-9</bdi></a>. 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Kodansha International. p. 63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-7700-3142-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-4-7700-3142-6"><bdi>978-4-7700-3142-6</bdi></a>. Retrieved 21 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seppuku+%3A+a+history+of+samurai+suicide&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=Kodansha+International&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-4-7700-3142-6&rft.aulast=Rankin&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fseppukuhistoryof0000rank%2Fpage%2F62%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3D1573&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-392"><a href="#cite_ref-392">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlenn2023" class="citation book cs1">Glenn, Chris (5 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eOSdEAAAQBAJ&dq=Azai+Nagamasa+%2226+september+1573%22&pg=PA8">The Samurai Castle Master: Warlord Todo Takatora</a>. Frontline Books. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-3990-9661-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-3990-9661-4"><bdi>978-1-3990-9661-4</bdi></a>. Retrieved 21 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Samurai+Castle+Master%3A+Warlord+Todo+Takatora&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Frontline+Books&rft.date=2023-01-05&rft.isbn=978-1-3990-9661-4&rft.aulast=Glenn&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeOSdEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3DAzai%2BNagamasa%2B%252226%2Bseptember%2B1573%2522%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-393"><a href="#cite_ref-393">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAugust_Strindberg1921" class="citation book cs1">August Strindberg (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0Us8AQAAMAAJ">Mäster Olof: prosaupplagan skådespel i fem akter</a>. A. Bonniers. p. xx.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=M%C3%A4ster+Olof%3A+prosaupplagan+sk%C3%A5despel+i+fem+akter&rft.pages=xx&rft.pub=A.+Bonniers&rft.date=1921&rft.au=August+Strindberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0Us8AQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-394"><a href="#cite_ref-394">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHillerbrand1996" class="citation book cs1">Hillerbrand, Hans Joachim (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aBMRAQAAMAAJ&q=%2217%20november%201573%22">The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation</a>. Oxford University Press. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-506493-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-506493-3"><bdi>978-0-19-506493-3</bdi></a>. Retrieved 21 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Encyclopedia+of+the+Reformation&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-19-506493-3&rft.aulast=Hillerbrand&rft.aufirst=Hans+Joachim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaBMRAQAAMAAJ%26q%3D%252217%2520november%25201573%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-395"><a href="#cite_ref-395">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=21Q_AQAAMAAJ&dq=Giovanni+Battista+Giraldi+%2230+dicembre+1573%22&pg=PA532">Nuova enciclopedia italiana: Testo</a> (in Italian). Unione tipografico-editrice torinese. 1880. p. 532. Retrieved 21 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nuova+enciclopedia+italiana%3A+Testo&rft.pages=532&rft.pub=Unione+tipografico-editrice+torinese&rft.date=1880&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D21Q_AQAAMAAJ%26dq%3DGiovanni%2BBattista%2BGiraldi%2B%252230%2Bdicembre%2B1573%2522%26pg%3DPA532&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-396"><a href="#cite_ref-396">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSakcinski1875" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sakcinski, Ivan Kukuljević (1875). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e9IJAAAAIAAJ&dq=Pavao+Skali%C4%87+%221573%22&pg=PA44">Pavao Skalić, gradjanin zagrebački, učenjak na glasu, svećenik katolički i protestantski prvi ministar pruski, pustolov smjeli, nazvan Cagliostro XVI. vieka</a> (in Croatian). Dionička tisk. p. 45. Retrieved 21 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pavao+Skali%C4%87%2C+gradjanin+zagreba%C4%8Dki%2C+u%C4%8Denjak+na+glasu%2C+sve%C4%87enik+katoli%C4%8Dki+i+protestantski+prvi+ministar+pruski%2C+pustolov+smjeli%2C+nazvan+Cagliostro+XVI.+vieka&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Dioni%C4%8Dka+tisk.&rft.date=1875&rft.aulast=Sakcinski&rft.aufirst=Ivan+Kukuljevi%C4%87&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3De9IJAAAAIAAJ%26dq%3DPavao%2BSkali%25C4%2587%2B%25221573%2522%26pg%3DPA44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-397"><a href="#cite_ref-397">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%9D%91%E4%B8%8A%E7%BE%A9%E6%B8%85-1114665">"村上義清(むらかみ・よしきよ)とは？意味や使い方"</a>. コトバンク (in Japanese). Retrieved 21 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E3%82%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF&rft.atitle=%E6%9D%91%E4%B8%8A%E7%BE%A9%E6%B8%85%28%E3%82%80%E3%82%89%E3%81%8B%E3%81%BF%E3%83%BB%E3%82%88%E3%81%97%E3%81%8D%E3%82%88%29%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF%EF%BC%9F+%E6%84%8F%E5%91%B3%E3%82%84%E4%BD%BF%E3%81%84%E6%96%B9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkotobank.jp%2Fword%2F%25E6%259D%2591%25E4%25B8%258A%25E7%25BE%25A9%25E6%25B8%2585-1114665&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-398"><a href="#cite_ref-398">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1509-1558/member/grafton-richard-1507-73">"Grafton, Richard (c.1507-73), of London. | History of Parliament Online"</a>. www.historyofparliamentonline.org. Retrieved 21 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.historyofparliamentonline.org&rft.atitle=Grafton%2C+Richard+%28c.1507-73%29%2C+of+London.+%7C+History+of+Parliament+Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyofparliamentonline.org%2Fvolume%2F1509-1558%2Fmember%2Fgrafton-richard-1507-73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-399"><a href="#cite_ref-399">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I7CLTb7YTMsC&dq=Martin+Helwig+26+november+1574&pg=PA718">Allgemeine deutsche Biographie</a> (in German). Duncker & Humblot. 1880. p. 718. Retrieved 27 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Allgemeine+deutsche+Biographie&rft.pages=718&rft.pub=Duncker+%26+Humblot&rft.date=1880&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI7CLTb7YTMsC%26dq%3DMartin%2BHelwig%2B26%2Bnovember%2B1574%26pg%3DPA718&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-400"><a href="#cite_ref-400">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTavares1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Tavares, José Fernando (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T54vAQAAMAAJ&q=%20%2230%20de%20janeiro%20de%201574%22">Damião de Góis: um paradigma erasmiano no humanismo português</a> (in Brazilian Portuguese). Universitária Editora. p. 37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-972-700-249-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-972-700-249-8"><bdi>978-972-700-249-8</bdi></a>. Retrieved 27 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dami%C3%A3o+de+G%C3%B3is%3A+um+paradigma+erasmiano+no+humanismo+portugu%C3%AAs&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Universit%C3%A1ria+Editora&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-972-700-249-8&rft.aulast=Tavares&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Fernando&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT54vAQAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2520%252230%2520de%2520janeiro%2520de%25201574%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-401"><a href="#cite_ref-401">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobs1901" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jacobs, Eduard (1901). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v9lDAAAAYAAJ&dq=Anna+zu+Stolberg+4+marz+1574&pg=PA465">Zeitschrift des Harz-Vereins für Geschichte und Alterthumskunde</a> (in German). Selbstverlag des Vereins. p. 465. Retrieved 27 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zeitschrift+des+Harz-Vereins+f%C3%BCr+Geschichte+und+Alterthumskunde&rft.pages=465&rft.pub=Selbstverlag+des+Vereins&rft.date=1901&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Eduard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv9lDAAAAYAAJ%26dq%3DAnna%2Bzu%2BStolberg%2B4%2Bmarz%2B1574%26pg%3DPA465&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-402"><a href="#cite_ref-402">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%AD%A6%E7%94%B0%E4%BF%A1%E8%99%8E-93064">"武田信虎(たけだ・のぶとら)とは？意味や使い方"</a>. コトバンク (in Japanese). 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Gunter Narr Verlag. p. 302. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8233-5981-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8233-5981-4"><bdi>978-3-8233-5981-4</bdi></a>. 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Retrieved 27 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Treccani&rft.atitle=Cosimo+I+de%27+Medici%2C+duca+di+Firenze%2C+granduca+di+Toscana+-+Treccani&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.treccani.it%2Fenciclopedia%2Fcosimo-i-de-medici-duca-di-firenze-granduca-di-toscana_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-405"><a href="#cite_ref-405">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios1551-ii.htm#Ricci">"The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of November 20, 1551"</a>. cardinals.fiu.edu. 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Retrieved 27 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+France%3A+servant+de+texte+explicatif+aux+tableaux+des+Galeries+de+Versailles&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Ch.+Gavard&rft.date=1848&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCUdSAAAAcAAJ%26dq%3DGabriel%2Bde%2BLorges%2B%252226%2Bjuin%2B1574%2522%26pg%3DPA42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-409"><a href="#cite_ref-409">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarel_van_Mander1994" class="citation book cs1">Carel van Mander (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sBvrAAAAMAAJ">The Lives of the Illustrious Netherlandish and German Painters, from the First Edition of the Schilder-boeck (1603-1604): Commentary on Biography and Lives : fol. 196r01-211r35</a>. Davaco. p. 50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-70288-91-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-70288-91-4"><bdi>978-90-70288-91-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lives+of+the+Illustrious+Netherlandish+and+German+Painters%2C+from+the+First+Edition+of+the+Schilder-boeck+%281603-1604%29%3A+Commentary+on+Biography+and+Lives+%3A+fol.+196r01-211r35&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=Davaco&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-90-70288-91-4&rft.au=Carel+van+Mander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsBvrAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-410"><a href="#cite_ref-410">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5t6kU6c4OCMC&dq=Birgitte+G%C3%B8ye+%2226+juli+1574%22&pg=PA556">Salmonsens konversations Leksikon</a> (in Danish). Schultz. 1920. p. 556. Retrieved 27 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Salmonsens+konversations+Leksikon&rft.pages=556&rft.pub=Schultz&rft.date=1920&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5t6kU6c4OCMC%26dq%3DBirgitte%2BG%25C3%25B8ye%2B%252226%2Bjuli%2B1574%2522%26pg%3DPA556&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-411"><a href="#cite_ref-411">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRepp1986" class="citation book cs1">Repp, Richard Cooper (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=017YAAAAMAAJ&q=Ebussuud+Efendi+%2223+august+1574%22">The Müfti of Istanbul: A Study in the Development of the Ottoman Learned Hierarchy</a>. Ithaca Press. p. 278. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86372-041-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86372-041-3"><bdi>978-0-86372-041-3</bdi></a>. 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Retrieved 27 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Allgemeine+deutsche+biographie&rft.pages=339&rft.pub=Duncker+und+Humblot&rft.date=1893&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJHJUN0eHKwAC%26dq%3DLudwig%2Bzu%2BStolberg%2B%25221%2Bseptember%2B1574%2522%26pg%3DPA339&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-413"><a href="#cite_ref-413">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sok.riksarkivet.se/sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=17458">"Charles de Mornay"</a>. sok.riksarkivet.se. 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Real Academia de la Historia. 1918. p. 220. Retrieved 28 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bolet%C3%ADn+de+la+Real+Academia+de+la+Historia&rft.pages=220&rft.pub=Real+Academia+de+la+Historia.&rft.date=1918&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm2FIAAAAYAAJ%26dq%3DPedro%2BMen%25C3%25A9ndez%2Bde%2BAvil%25C3%25A9s%2B%252217%2Bde%2Bseptiembre%2Bde%2B1574%2522%26pg%3DRA1-PA220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-416"><a href="#cite_ref-416">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vbl8je6JeTIC&dq=Guidobaldo+II+della+Rovere+%2228+settembre+1574%22&pg=PA141">Picenum rivista marchigiana illustrata mensile</a> (in Italian). Tip. Diocleziana Verdesi. 1921. p. 141. Retrieved 28 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Picenum+rivista+marchigiana+illustrata+mensile&rft.pages=141&rft.pub=Tip.+Diocleziana+Verdesi&rft.date=1921&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dvbl8je6JeTIC%26dq%3DGuidobaldo%2BII%2Bdella%2BRovere%2B%252228%2Bsettembre%2B1574%2522%26pg%3DPA141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-417"><a href="#cite_ref-417">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordartonline.com/groveart/display/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.001.0001/oao-9781884446054-e-7000037167">"Heemskerck, Maarten [Maerten; Martinus] van"</a>. Grove Art Online. Retrieved 28 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Grove+Art+Online&rft.atitle=Heemskerck%2C+Maarten+%5BMaerten%3B+Martinus%5D+van&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordartonline.com%2Fgroveart%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Fgao%2F9781884446054.001.0001%2Foao-9781884446054-e-7000037167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-418"><a href="#cite_ref-418">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMenzel1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Menzel, Carl (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wi9eK88IzWkC&dq=Johann+IV.+von+Nassau+%2223+november+1574%22&pg=PA352">Geschichte von Nassau von den ältesten Zeiten bis auf die Gegenwart, auf der Grundlage urkundlicher Quellenforschung: Geschichte von Nassau von der Mitte des vierzehnten Jahrhunderts bis zur Gegenwart ; 2. 6</a> (in German). Kreidel. p. 352. 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Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-647-56008-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-647-56008-3"><bdi>978-3-647-56008-3</bdi></a>. Retrieved 28 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reaktionen+auf+das+Augsburger+Interim%3A+Der+Interimistische+Streit+%281548-1549%29&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=Vandenhoeck+%26+Ruprecht&rft.date=2010-07-21&rft.isbn=978-3-647-56008-3&rft.aulast=Dingel&rft.aufirst=Irene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df8jkEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3DGeorg%2BMajor%2B%252228%2Bnovember%2B1574%2522%26pg%3DPA49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-420"><a href="#cite_ref-420">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Rheticus/">"Georg Joachim Rheticus"</a>. Maths History. 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B & R Publishers. p. 119.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coins+of+the+Ottoman+Empire+and+the+Turkish+Republic%3A+A+Detailed+Catalogue+of+the+Jem+Sultan+Collection&rft.pages=119&rft.pub=B+%26+R+Publishers&rft.date=1977&rft.au=Jem+Sultan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5HdmAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-422"><a href="#cite_ref-422">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios1547.htm">"The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of July 27, 1547"</a>. cardinals.fiu.edu. 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Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 135. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56750-728-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56750-728-7"><bdi>978-1-56750-728-7</bdi></a>. Retrieved 28 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Renaissance+and+Reformation%2C+1500-1620%3A+A+Biographical+Dictionary&rft.pages=135&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing+USA&rft.date=2000-10-30&rft.isbn=978-1-56750-728-7&rft.aulast=Carney&rft.aufirst=Jo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4bvOEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3DHans%2BEworth%2B%25221574%2522%26pg%3DPA135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-424"><a href="#cite_ref-424">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarold_Edwin_WetheyTiziano_VecellioTitian1969" class="citation book cs1">Harold Edwin Wethey; Tiziano Vecellio; Titian (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QN1OAAAAYAAJ">The Paintings of Titian: The religious paintings</a>. Phaidon. p. 40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7148-1393-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7148-1393-6"><bdi>978-0-7148-1393-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Paintings+of+Titian%3A+The+religious+paintings&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Phaidon&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=978-0-7148-1393-6&rft.au=Harold+Edwin+Wethey&rft.au=Tiziano+Vecellio&rft.au=Titian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQN1OAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-425"><a href="#cite_ref-425">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_E._J._Hammer1999" class="citation book cs1">Paul E. J. Hammer (24 June 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VbKM-1eXuBkC&pg=PA17">The Polarisation of Elizabethan Politics: The Political Career of Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, 1585-1597</a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-43485-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-43485-0"><bdi>978-0-521-43485-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Polarisation+of+Elizabethan+Politics%3A+The+Political+Career+of+Robert+Devereux%2C+2nd+Earl+of+Essex%2C+1585-1597&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999-06-24&rft.isbn=978-0-521-43485-0&rft.au=Paul+E.+J.+Hammer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVbKM-1eXuBkC%26pg%3DPA17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-426"><a href="#cite_ref-426">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Erik-XIV">"Erik XIV | king of Sweden"</a>. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 11 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Erik+XIV+%7C+king+of+Sweden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FErik-XIV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-427"><a href="#cite_ref-427">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ie_kAAAAMAAJ">Encyclopædia Britannica: A New Survey of Universal Knowledge</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. 1964. p. 149.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%3A+A+New+Survey+of+Universal+Knowledge&rft.pages=149&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=1964&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Die_kAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-428"><a href="#cite_ref-428">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaldahna1916" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Saldahna, E. de (1916). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5yBEAQAAMAAJ&dq=Gonzalo+Jim%C3%A9nez+de+Quesada+%2216+de+febrero+de+1579%22&pg=PA89">El licenciado Jimenez de Quesada: algunas viejas novedades y ciertas nuevas vejeces sobre las empresas literarias y militares de don Gonzalo Jimenez de Quesada, mariscal y adelantado que fue del n.r. de Granada. Con acopio de documentos ineditos</a> (in Spanish). Mogollon. p. 89. Retrieved 4 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=El+licenciado+Jimenez+de+Quesada%3A+algunas+viejas+novedades+y+ciertas+nuevas+vejeces+sobre+las+empresas+literarias+y+militares+de+don+Gonzalo+Jimenez+de+Quesada%2C+mariscal+y+adelantado+que+fue+del+n.r.+de+Granada.+Con+acopio+de+documentos+ineditos&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=Mogollon&rft.date=1916&rft.aulast=Saldahna&rft.aufirst=E.+de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5yBEAQAAMAAJ%26dq%3DGonzalo%2BJim%25C3%25A9nez%2Bde%2BQuesada%2B%252216%2Bde%2Bfebrero%2Bde%2B1579%2522%26pg%3DPA89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-429"><a href="#cite_ref-429">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DOdZAAAAIAAJ&dq=Nicholas+Bacon+%2220+february+1579%22&pg=PA60">London Topographical Record</a>. London Topographical Society. 1917. p. 60. Retrieved 4 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=London+Topographical+Record&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=London+Topographical+Society&rft.date=1917&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDOdZAAAAIAAJ%26dq%3DNicholas%2BBacon%2B%252220%2Bfebruary%2B1579%2522%26pg%3DPA60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-430"><a href="#cite_ref-430">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBasil_Brown1968" class="citation book cs1">Basil Brown (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xO8XAQAAMAAJ">Astronomical Atlases, Maps & Charts: An Historical & General Guide</a>. Dawsons of Pall Mall. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7129-0131-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7129-0131-4"><bdi>978-0-7129-0131-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Astronomical+Atlases%2C+Maps+%26+Charts%3A+An+Historical+%26+General+Guide&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Dawsons+of+Pall+Mall&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=978-0-7129-0131-4&rft.au=Basil+Brown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxO8XAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-431"><a href="#cite_ref-431">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-26491">"Stewart, John, fourth earl of Atholl"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F26491">10.1093/ref:odnb/26491</a>. Retrieved 4 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Stewart%2C+John%2C+fourth+earl+of+Atholl&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F26491&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F9780198614128.001.0001%2Fodnb-9780198614128-e-26491&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> (Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.) </li> <li id="cite_note-432"><a href="#cite_ref-432">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSainte-Marie1728" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sainte-Marie, Anselme de (1728). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2NlEAAAAcAAJ&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Montmorency+%226+may+1579%22&pg=PA604">Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France, des pairs, grands officiers de la couronne & de la maison du Roy, & des anciens barons du royaume ...</a> (in French). Compagnie des libraires associez. p. 604. 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Taylor & Francis. p. 509. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-315-44071-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-315-44071-2"><bdi>978-1-315-44071-2</bdi></a>. Retrieved 4 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Biographical+Encyclopedia+of+Early+Modern+Englishwomen%3A+Exemplary+Lives+and+Memorable+Acts%2C+1500-1650&rft.pages=509&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2016-11-03&rft.isbn=978-1-315-44071-2&rft.aulast=Levin&rft.aufirst=Carole&rft.au=Bertolet%2C+Anna+Riehl&rft.au=Carney%2C+Jo+Eldridge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkDglDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3DIsabella%2BMarkham%2B%252220%2Bmay%2B1579%2522%26pg%3DPA509&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-434"><a href="#cite_ref-434">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEckstein1871" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Eckstein, Friedrich August (1871). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MK0UAAAAYAAJ&dq=Johannes+Stadius+%2217+juni+1579%22&pg=PA543">Nomenclator philologorum</a> (in German). B. G. Teubner. p. 543. Retrieved 4 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nomenclator+philologorum&rft.pages=543&rft.pub=B.+G.+Teubner&rft.date=1871&rft.aulast=Eckstein&rft.aufirst=Friedrich+August&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMK0UAAAAYAAJ%26dq%3DJohannes%2BStadius%2B%252217%2Bjuni%2B1579%2522%26pg%3DPA543&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-435"><a href="#cite_ref-435">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrmerod1882" class="citation book cs1">Ormerod, George (1882). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yIY1AQAAMAAJ&dq=Edward+Fitton+%223+july+1579%22&pg=PA553">The History of the County Palatine and City of Chester: Comp. from Original Evidences in Public Offices, the Harleian and Cottonian Mss., Parochial Registers, Private Muniments, Unpublished Ms. Collections of Successive Cheshire Antiquaries, and a Personal Survey of Every Township in the County; Incorporated with a Republication of King's Vale Royal and Leycester's Cheshire Antiquities</a>. G. Routledge. p. 553. 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Treccani (in Italian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Treccani&rft.atitle=Bollani%2C+Domenico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.treccani.it%2Fenciclopedia%2Fdomenico-bollani_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-438"><a href="#cite_ref-438">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-8101">"Drury, William"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F8101">10.1093/ref:odnb/8101</a>. Retrieved 4 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Drury%2C+William&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F8101&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F9780198614128.001.0001%2Fodnb-9780198614128-e-8101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> (Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.) </li> <li id="cite_note-439"><a href="#cite_ref-439">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchreiber1889" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schreiber, Friedrich Anton Wilhelm (1889). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pXZCAAAAIAAJ&dq=Albrecht+V+%2224+oktober+1579%22&pg=PA563">Geschichte Bayerns in Verbindung mit der deutschen Geschichte: Bd. Von den Agilofingern bis zum Ausgang des Spanischen Erbfolgekrieges</a> (in German). Herdersche Verlagshandlung. p. 564. 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Verlag des Kunstgeschichtlichen Seminars der Universität Marburg an der Lahn. p. 59. Retrieved 4 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marburger+Jahrbuch+f%C3%BCr+Kunstwissenschaft&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=Verlag+des+Kunstgeschichtlichen+Seminars+der+Universit%C3%A4t+Marburg+an+der+Lahn&rft.date=1936&rft.aulast=Hamann&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC03rAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DPhilipp%2BVI%2B%25229%2Bnovember%2B1579%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1570s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-441"><a href="#cite_ref-441">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QXL6W32wNy8C&q=%2215%20noiembrie%201579%22">Transilvania</a> (in Romanian). 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