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Choi</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Hoon Choi"> <meta name="keywords" content="Hoon Choi"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Hoon Choi" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Hoon Choi"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 387</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Hoon Choi</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">387</span> A Set of Microsatellite Markers for Population Genetics of Copper-Winged Bat (Myotis rufoniger) Using Saliva DNA</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junghwa%20An">Junghwa An</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sungkyoung%20Choi"> Sungkyoung Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eun%20Ye"> Eun Ye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=San%20Hoon%20Han"> San Hoon Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young-Gun%20Choi"> Young-Gun Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chul%20Oun%20Jung"> Chul Oun Jung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The copper-winged bat (Myotis rufoniger) is the widely distributed medium body-sized bat in Asia, including Korea. This bat population has been decreasing because of habitat loss. This study reported the isolation and characterization of ten polymorphic microsatellite loci in endangered M. rufoniger. To do genetic studies, we use saliva DNA of bats during winter sleep period. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 9, and the observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.063 to 0.750 and from 0.063 to 0.865, respectively. The average polymorphic information content (PIC) value of these markers was 0.37. Two loci of M. rufoniger showed departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(HWE). This demonstrated that the ten microsatellite loci can be used as genetic markers for further investigation of the copper-winged bat. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper-winged%20bat" title="copper-winged bat">copper-winged bat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microsatellite" title=" microsatellite"> microsatellite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population%20genetics" title=" population genetics"> population genetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20Korea" title=" South Korea"> South Korea</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46642/a-set-of-microsatellite-markers-for-population-genetics-of-copper-winged-bat-myotis-rufoniger-using-saliva-dna" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46642.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">386</span> Design of Middleware for Mobile Group Control in Physical Proximity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moon-Tak%20Oh">Moon-Tak Oh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyung-Min%20Park"> Kyung-Min Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae-Eun%20Yoon"> Tae-Eun Yoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hoon%20Choi"> Hoon Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chil-Woo%20Lee"> Chil-Woo Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is about middle-ware which enables group-user applications on mobile devices in physical proximity to interact with other devices without intervention of a central server. Requirements of the middle-ware are identified from service usage scenarios, and the functional architecture of the middle-ware is specified. These requirements include group management, synchronization, and resource management. Group Management needs to provide various capabilities to such applications with respect to managing multiple users (e.g., creation of groups, discovery of group or individual users, member join/leave, election of a group manager and service-group association) using D2D communication technology. We designed the middle-ware for the above requirements on the Android platform. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=group%20user" title="group user">group user</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=middleware" title=" middleware"> middleware</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20service" title=" mobile service"> mobile service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20proximity" title=" physical proximity"> physical proximity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2331/design-of-middleware-for-mobile-group-control-in-physical-proximity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2331.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">506</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">385</span> Structural Analysis and Detail Design of APV Module Structure Using Topology Optimization Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun%20Kyu%20Cho">Hyun Kyu Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Soo%20Kim"> Jun Soo Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Hoon%20Lee"> Young Hoon Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang%20Hoon%20Kang"> Sang Hoon Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Chul%20Park"> Young Chul Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the study, structure for one of offshore drilling system APV(Air Pressure Vessle) modules was designed by using topology optimum design and performed structural safety evaluation according to DNV rules. 3D model created base on design area and non-design area separated by using topology optimization for the environmental loads. This model separated 17 types for wind loads and dynamic loads and performed structural analysis evaluation for each model. As a result, the maximum stress occurred 181.25MPa. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=APV" title="APV">APV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topology%20optimum%20design" title=" topology optimum design"> topology optimum design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNV" title=" DNV"> DNV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20analysis" title=" structural analysis"> structural analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress" title=" stress"> stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53957/structural-analysis-and-detail-design-of-apv-module-structure-using-topology-optimization-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53957.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">384</span> Effect of Laser Ablation OTR Films on the Storability of Endive and Pak Choi by Baby Vegetables in Modified Atmosphere Condition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=In-Lee%20Choi">In-Lee Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min%20Jae%20Jeong"> Min Jae Jeong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Pill%20Baek"> Jun Pill Baek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ho-Min%20Kang"> Ho-Min Kang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As the consumption trends of vegetables become different from the past, it is increased using vegetable more convenience such as fresh-cut vegetables, sprouts, baby vegetables rather than an existing hole piece of vegetables. Selected baby vegetables have various functional materials but they have short shelf life. This study was conducted to improve storability by using suitable laser ablation OTR (oxygen transmission rate) films. Baby vegetable of endive (Cichorium endivia L.) and pak choi (Brassica rapa chinensis) for this research, around 10 cm height, cultivated in glass greenhouse during 3 weeks. Harvested endive and pak choi were stored at 8 ℃ for 5 days and were packed by PP (Polypropylene) container and covered different types of laser ablation OTR film (DaeRyung Co., Ltd.) such as 1,300 cc, 10,000 cc, 20,000 cc, 40,000 cc /m2•day•atm, and control (perforated film) with heat sealing machine (SC200-IP, Kumkang, Korea). All the samples conducted 5 times replication. Statistical analysis was carried out using a Microsoft Excel 2010 program and results were expressed as standard deviations. The fresh weight loss rate of both baby vegetables were less than 0.3 % in treated films as maximum weight loss rate. On the other hands, control in the final storage day had around 3.0 % weight loss rate and it followed decreasing quantity. Endive had less 2.0 % carbon dioxide contents as maximum contents in 20,000 cc and 40,000 cc. Oxygen contents was maintained between 17 and 20 % in endive, 19 and 20 % in pak choi. Ethylene concentration of both vegetables maintained little lower contents in 20,000 cc treatments than others at final storage day without statistical significance. In the case of hardness, 40,000 cc film was shown little higher value at both baby vegetables without statistical significance. Visual quality was good at 10,000 cc and 20,000 cc in endive and pak choi, and off-flavor was not appeard any off-flavor in both vegetables. Chlorophyll (SPAD-502, Minolta, Japan) value of endive was shown as similar result with initial in all treatments except 20,000 cc as little lower. And chlorophyll value of pak choi decreased in all treatments compared with initial value but was not shown significantly difference each other. Color of leaves (CR-400, Minolta, Japan) changed significantly in 40,000 cc at endive. In an event of pak choi, all the treatments started yellowing by increasing hunter b value, among them control increased substantially. As above the result, 10,000 cc film was most reasonable packaging film for storing at endive and 20,000 cc at pak choi with good quality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20dioxide" title="carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shelf-life" title=" shelf-life"> shelf-life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20quality" title=" visual quality"> visual quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pak%20choi" title=" pak choi"> pak choi</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20815/effect-of-laser-ablation-otr-films-on-the-storability-of-endive-and-pak-choi-by-baby-vegetables-in-modified-atmosphere-condition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20815.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">789</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">383</span> Assessing the Seismic Performance of Threaded Rebar Coupler System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Do-Kyu%20Hwang">Do-Kyu Hwang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ho-Young%20Kim"> Ho-Young Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ho-Hyeoung%20Choi"> Ho-Hyeoung Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gi-Beom%20Park"> Gi-Beom Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Hoon%20Lee"> Jae-Hoon Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently there are many use of threaded reinforcing bars in construction fields because those do not need additional screw processing when connecting reinforcing bar by threaded coupler. In this study, reinforced concrete bridge piers using threaded rebar coupler system at the plastic hinge area were tested to evaluate seismic performance. The test results showed that threads of the threaded rebar coupler system could be loosened while under tension-compression cyclic loading because tolerance and rib face angle of a threaded rebar coupler system are greater than that of a conventional ribbed rebar coupler system. As a result, cracks were concentrated just outside of the mechanical coupler and stiffness of reinforced concrete bridge pier decreased. Therefore, it is recommended that connection ratio of mechanical couplers in one section shall be below 50% in order that cracks are not concentrated just outside of the mechanical coupler. Also, reduced stiffness of the specimen should be considered when using the threaded rebar coupler system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete%20column" title="reinforced concrete column">reinforced concrete column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20performance" title=" seismic performance"> seismic performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threaded%20rebar%20coupler" title=" threaded rebar coupler"> threaded rebar coupler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threaded%20reinforcing%20bar" title=" threaded reinforcing bar"> threaded reinforcing bar</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30560/assessing-the-seismic-performance-of-threaded-rebar-coupler-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30560.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">382</span> Biomimetic Adhesive Pads for Precision Manufacturing Robots</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hoon%20Yi">Hoon Yi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minho%20Sung"> Minho Sung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hangil%20Ko"> Hangil Ko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moon%20Kyu%20Kwak"> Moon Kyu Kwak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hoon%20Eui%20Jeong"> Hoon Eui Jeong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Inspired by the remarkable adhesion properties of gecko lizards, bio-inspired dry adhesives with smart adhesion properties have been developed in the last decade. Compared to earlier dry adhesives, the recently developed ones exhibit excellent adhesion strength, smart directional adhesion, and structural robustness. With these unique adhesion properties, bio-inspired dry adhesive pads have strong potential for use in precision industries such as semiconductor or display manufacturing. In this communication, we present a new manufacturing technology based on advanced dry adhesive systems that enable precise manipulation of large-area substrates over repeating cycles without any requirement for external force application. This new manufacturing technique is also highly accurate and environment-friendly, and thus has strong potential as a next-generation clean manufacturing technology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gecko" title="gecko">gecko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manufacturing%20robot" title=" manufacturing robot"> manufacturing robot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precision%20manufacturing" title=" precision manufacturing"> precision manufacturing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38058/biomimetic-adhesive-pads-for-precision-manufacturing-robots" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38058.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">505</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">381</span> Environmentally Adaptive Acoustic Echo Suppression for Barge-in Speech Recognition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong%20Han%20Joo">Jong Han Joo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung%20Hoon%20Lee"> Jung Hoon Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Sun%20Kim"> Young Sun Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae%20Young%20Kang"> Jae Young Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seung%20Ho%20Choi"> Seung Ho Choi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we propose a novel technique for acoustic echo suppression (AES) during speech recognition under barge-in conditions. Conventional AES methods based on spectral subtraction apply fixed weights to the estimated echo path transfer function (EPTF) at the current signal segment and to the EPTF estimated until the previous time interval. We propose a new approach that adaptively updates weight parameters in response to abrupt changes in the acoustic environment due to background noises or double-talk. Furthermore, we devised a voice activity detector and an initial time-delay estimator for barge-in speech recognition in communication networks. The initial time delay is estimated using log-spectral distance measure, as well as cross-correlation coefficients. The experimental results show that the developed techniques can be successfully applied in barge-in speech recognition systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20echo%20suppression" title="acoustic echo suppression">acoustic echo suppression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barge-in" title=" barge-in"> barge-in</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speech%20recognition" title=" speech recognition"> speech recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=echo%20path%20transfer%20function" title=" echo path transfer function"> echo path transfer function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=initial%20delay%20estimator" title=" initial delay estimator"> initial delay estimator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voice%20activity%20detector" title=" voice activity detector"> voice activity detector</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17151/environmentally-adaptive-acoustic-echo-suppression-for-barge-in-speech-recognition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17151.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">380</span> Research for Hollow Reinforced Concrete Bridge Piers in Korea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ho%20Young%20Kim">Ho Young Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae%20Hoon%20Lee"> Jae Hoon Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Do%20Kyu%20Hwang"> Do Kyu Hwang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Im%20Jong%20Kwahk"> Im Jong Kwahk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae%20Hoon%20Kim"> Tae Hoon Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seung%20Hoon%20Lee"> Seung Hoon Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hollow section for bridge columns has some advantages. However, current seismic design codes do not provide design regulations for hollow bridge piers. There have been many experimental studied for hollow reinforced concrete piers in the world. But, Study for hollow section for bridge piers in Korea has been begun with approximately 2000s. There has been conducted experimental study for hollow piers of flexural controlled sections by Yeungnam University, Sung kyunkwan University, Korea Expressway Corporation in 2009. This study concluded that flexural controlled sections for hollow piers showed the similar behavior to solid sections. And there have been conducted experimental study for hollow piers of compression controlled sections by Yeungnam University, Korea Institute of Construction Technology in 2012. This study concluded that compression controlled sections for hollow piers showed compression fracture of concrete in inside wall face. Samsung C&T Engineering & Construction Group has been conducted study with Yeungnam University for reduce the quantity of reinforcement details about hollow piers. Reduce the quantity of reinforcement details are triangular cross tie. This study concluded that triangular reinforcement details showed the similar behavior as compared with existing reinforcement details. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hollow%20pier" title="hollow pier">hollow pier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexural%20controlled%20section" title=" flexural controlled section"> flexural controlled section</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compression%20controlled%20section" title=" compression controlled section"> compression controlled section</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reduce%20the%20quantity%20of%20reinforcement" title=" reduce the quantity of reinforcement"> reduce the quantity of reinforcement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=details" title=" details "> details </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30575/research-for-hollow-reinforced-concrete-bridge-piers-in-korea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30575.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">417</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">379</span> Antidiabetic Effects of Bitter Melon</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinhyun%20Ryu">Jinhyun Ryu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chengliang%20Xie"> Chengliang Xie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nal%20Ae%20Yoon"> Nal Ae Yoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Hoon%20Lee"> Dong Hoon Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gu%20Seob%20Roh"> Gu Seob Roh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun%20Joon%20Kim"> Hyun Joon Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gyeong%20Jae%20Cho"> Gyeong Jae Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wan%20Sung%20Choi"> Wan Sung Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang%20Soo%20Kang"> Sang Soo Kang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Type 2 diabetes is a heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders featured by a deficit in or loss of insulin activity to maintain normal glucose homeostasis. Mainly, it results from the compromised insulin secretion and/or reduced insulin activity. The frequency of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been increased rapidly in recent decades with the increase in the trend of obesity due to life style and food habit. Obesity is considered to be the primary risk factor for the development of insulin resistance and thereby developing T2D. Traditionally naturally occurring fruits, vegetables etc. are being used to treat many pathogenic conditions. In this study, we tried to find out the effect of a popularly used vegetable in Bangladesh and several other Asian countries, ‘bitter melon’ on high fat diet induced T2D. To investigate the effect, we used 70% ethanol extract of bitter melon (BME) as dietary supplement with chow. BME was found to attenuate the high fat diet (HFD) induced body weight and total fat mass significantly. We also observed that BME reduced the insulin resistance induced by HFD effectively. Furthermore, dietary supplementation of BME was highly effective in increasing insulin sensitivity, and reducing the hepatic fat and obesity. These results indicate that BME could be effective to attenuate T2D and could be a preventive measure against T2D. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bitter%20melon" title="bitter melon">bitter melon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obesity" title=" obesity"> obesity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=type%202%20diabetes" title=" type 2 diabetes"> type 2 diabetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20fat%20diet" title=" high fat diet"> high fat diet</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41779/antidiabetic-effects-of-bitter-melon" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41779.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">378</span> Postharvest Losses and Handling Improvement of Organic Pak-Choi and Choy Sum </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pichaya%20Poonlarp">Pichaya Poonlarp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danai%20Boonyakiat"> Danai Boonyakiat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Chuamuangphan"> C. Chuamuangphan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Chanta"> M. Chanta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Current consumers’ behavior trends have changed towards more health awareness, the well-being of society and interest of nature and environment. The Royal Project Foundation is, therefore, well aware of organic agriculture. The project only focused on using natural products and utilizing its highland biological merits to increase resistance to diseases and insects for the produce grown. The project also brought in basic knowledge from a variety of available research information, including, but not limited to, improvement of soil fertility and a control of plant insects with biological methods in order to lay a foundation in developing and promoting farmers to grow quality produce with a high health safety. This will finally lead to sustainability for future highland agriculture and a decrease of chemical use on the highland area which is a source of natural watershed. However, there are still shortcomings of the postharvest management in term of quality and losses, such as bruising, rottenness, wilting and yellowish leaves. These losses negatively affect the maintenance and a shelf life of organic vegetables. Therefore, it is important that a research study of the appropriate and effective postharvest management is conducted for an individual organic vegetable to minimize product loss and find root causes of postharvest losses which would contribute to future postharvest management best practices. This can be achieved through surveys and data collection from postharvest processes in order to conduct analysis for causes of postharvest losses of organic pak-choi, baby pak-choi, and choy sum. Consequently, postharvest losses reduction strategies of organic vegetables can be achieved. In this study, postharvest losses of organic pak choi, baby pak-choi, and choy sum were determined at each stage of the supply chain starting from the field after harvesting, at the Development Center packinghouse, at Chiang Mai packinghouse, at Bangkok packing house and at the Royal Project retail shop in Chiang Mai. The results showed that postharvest losses of organic pak-choi, baby pak-choi, and choy sum were 86.05, 89.05 and 59.03 percent, respectively. The main factors contributing to losses of organic vegetables were due to mechanical damage and underutilized parts and/or short of minimum quality standard. Good practices had been developed after causes of losses were identified. Appropriate postharvest handling and management, for example, temperature control, hygienic cleaning, and reducing the duration of the supply chain, postharvest losses of all organic vegetables should be able to remarkably reduced postharvest losses in the supply chain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postharvest%20losses" title="postharvest losses">postharvest losses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20vegetables" title=" organic vegetables"> organic vegetables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=handling%20improvement" title=" handling improvement"> handling improvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shelf%20life" title=" shelf life"> shelf life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20chain" title=" supply chain"> supply chain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92052/postharvest-losses-and-handling-improvement-of-organic-pak-choi-and-choy-sum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92052.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">377</span> A Study on Analysis of Magnetic Field in Induction Generator for Small Francis Turbine Generator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young-Kwan%20Choi">Young-Kwan Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Han-Sang%20Jeong"> Han-Sang Jeong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yeon-Ho%20Ok"> Yeon-Ho Ok</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Ho%20Choi"> Jae-Ho Choi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to verify validity of design by testing output of induction generator through finite element analysis before manufacture of induction generator designed. Characteristics in the operating domain of induction generator can be understood through analysis of magnetic field according to load (rotational speed) of induction generator. Characteristics of induction generator such as induced voltage, current, torque, magnetic flux density (magnetic flux saturation), and loss can be predicted by analysis of magnetic field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromagnetic%20analysis" title="electromagnetic analysis">electromagnetic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induction%20generator" title=" induction generator"> induction generator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20hydro%20power%20generator" title=" small hydro power generator"> small hydro power generator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20francis%20turbine%20generator" title=" small francis turbine generator"> small francis turbine generator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32296/a-study-on-analysis-of-magnetic-field-in-induction-generator-for-small-francis-turbine-generator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32296.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">376</span> Optimum Design of Combine Threshing Cylinder for Soybean Harvest</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Choi%20Duckkyu">Choi Duckkyu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Choi%20Yong"> Choi Yong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kang%20Taegyoung"> Kang Taegyoung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Hyeonjong"> Jun Hyeonjong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Choi%20Ilsu"> Choi Ilsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun%20Changsik"> Hyun Changsik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was carried out to develop a soybean combine thresher that enables to reduce the damage rate of soybean threshing and the rate of unthreshing. The combine threshing cylinder was developed with 6 circular axis at each end and fixed with disc plates. It was attached to the prototype combine thresher. A combine thresher that has a cylinder with circular rod type threshing pegs was used for a comparative test. A series of comparative tests were conducted using dae-won soybean. The test of the soybean thresher was performed at the cylinder speeds of 210, 240, 270 and 300 rpm, and with the concave clearance of 10, 13 and 16 mm. The separating positions of soybean after threshing were researched on a separate box with 4 sections. The soybean positions of front, center, rear and rear outside, of 59.5%, 30.6%, 7.8% and 2.2% respectively, were obtained. At the cylinder speeds from 210 rpm to 300 rpm, the damage rate of soybean was increased from 0.1% to 4.2% correspondingly to speeds. The unthreshed rate of soybean under the same condition was increased from 0.9% to 4.1% correspondingly to speeds. 0.7% of the damage rate and 1.5% of the unthreshed rate was achieved at the cylinder speed of 240 rpm and with the concave clearance of 10 mm. For Daewon soybean, an optimum cylinder speed of 240 rpm and the concave clearance of 10 mm were identified. These results will be useful for the design, construction, and operation of soybean threshing harvesters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soybean%20harvest" title="soybean harvest">soybean harvest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combine%20threshing" title=" combine threshing"> combine threshing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threshing%20cylinder" title=" threshing cylinder"> threshing cylinder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimum%20design" title=" optimum design"> optimum design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23993/optimum-design-of-combine-threshing-cylinder-for-soybean-harvest" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23993.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">530</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">375</span> Enhanced Energy Powers via Composites of Piezoelectric CH₃NH₃PbI₃ and Flexoelectric Zn-Al:Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) Nanosheets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soon-Gil%20Yoon">Soon-Gil Yoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min-Ju%20Choi"> Min-Ju Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung-Ho%20Shin"> Sung-Ho Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junghyo%20Nah"> Junghyo Nah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin-Seok%20Choi"> Jin-Seok Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun-A%20Song"> Hyun-A Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Goeun%20Choi"> Goeun Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin-Ho%20Choy"> Jin-Ho Choy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with positively charged brucite-like layers and negatively charged interlayer anions are considered a critical nanoscale building block with potential for application in catalysts, biological sensors, and optical, electrical, and magnetic devices. LDHs also have a great potential as an energy conversion device, a key component in common modern electronics. Although LDHs are theoretically predicted to be centrosymmetric, we report here the first observations of the flexoelectric nature of LDHs and demonstrate their potential as an effective energy conversion material. We clearly show a linear energy conversion relationship between the output powers and curvature radius via bending with both the LDH nanosheets and thin films, revealing a direct evidence for flexoelectric effects. These findings potentially open up avenues to incorporate a flexoelectric coupling phenomenon into centrosymmetric materials such as LDHs and to harvest high-power energy using LDH nanosheets. In the present study, for enhancement of the output power, Zn-Al:LDH nanosheets were composited with piezoelectric CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) dye films and their enhanced energy harvesting was demonstrated in detail. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layered%20double%20hydroxides" title="layered double hydroxides">layered double hydroxides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexoelectric" title=" flexoelectric"> flexoelectric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piezoelectric" title=" piezoelectric"> piezoelectric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20harvesting" title=" energy harvesting "> energy harvesting </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60228/enhanced-energy-powers-via-composites-of-piezoelectric-ch3nh3pbi3-and-flexoelectric-zn-allayered-double-hydroxides-ldh-nanosheets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60228.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">492</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">374</span> Dietary Effect of Probiotic Bacteria, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens JFP-2 Isolate from Jeju Island`s Traditional Fermented Food, on Innate Immune Response of Oplegnathus fasciatus Challenged with Vibrio anguillarum</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Hwi%20Kim">Dong Hwi Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dharaneedharan%20Subramanian"> Dharaneedharan Subramanian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=So%20Hyun%20Park"> So Hyun Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ha-Ri%20Choi"> Ha-Ri Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ji-Hyung%20Kim"> Ji-Hyung Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong-Hoon%20Lee"> Dong-Hoon Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moon%20Soo%20Heo"> Moon Soo Heo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study was performed to evaluate the use of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens JFP-2 isolated from a traditional fermented sea food, as probiotic bacteria in the diets for Rock-bream, Oplegnathus faciatus. A total of 180 fish (187.4 ± 2.7 g) were divided into two groups, control (C) and probiotic (P) group (90 fish per group) in triplicate. C group was fed with basal diet without probiotic, while P group was fed with B. amyloliquefaciens spores at concentration of 1.4 x 106 colony forming units per gram (CFU/g) of feed. After two months of feeding experiments, P group fish showed significant improvements in body weight (BW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and food conversion ratio (FCR) compared with C group. Also, bi-weekly assessment of serum protein, glucose, fatty acid profile showed a significant increase in probiotic fed fish than that of control fish group. Similar increase in serum antioxidant and lysozyme activity was found in probiotic fed fish group. Twenty days challenge experiment shows decrease mortality in probiotic fed fish group when compared with that of control group. Hence, these results indicate that the use of B. amyloliquefaciens JFP-2 as a feed supplement, is beneficial to improve the health status of Oplegnathus fasciatus challenged with Vibrio anguillarum. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bacillus%20amyloliquefaciens" title="Bacillus amyloliquefaciens">Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oplegnathus%20fasciatus" title=" Oplegnathus fasciatus"> Oplegnathus fasciatus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probiotic%20feed" title=" probiotic feed"> probiotic feed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rock%20bream" title=" rock bream"> rock bream</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55873/dietary-effect-of-probiotic-bacteria-bacillus-amyloliquefaciens-jfp-2-isolate-from-jeju-islands-traditional-fermented-food-on-innate-immune-response-of-oplegnathus-fasciatus-challenged-with-vibrio-anguillarum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55873.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">259</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">373</span> Metabolic Predictive Model for PMV Control Based on Deep Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eunji%20Choi">Eunji Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Borang%20Park"> Borang Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youngjae%20Choi"> Youngjae Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinwoo%20Moon"> Jinwoo Moon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a predictive model for estimating the metabolism (MET) of human body was developed for the optimal control of indoor thermal environment. Human body images for indoor activities and human body joint coordinated values were collected as data sets, which are used in predictive model. A deep learning algorithm was used in an initial model, and its number of hidden layers and hidden neurons were optimized. Lastly, the model prediction performance was analyzed after the model being trained through collected data. In conclusion, the possibility of MET prediction was confirmed, and the direction of the future study was proposed as developing various data and the predictive model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title="deep learning">deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20quality" title=" indoor quality"> indoor quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolism" title=" metabolism"> metabolism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predictive%20model" title=" predictive model"> predictive model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93271/metabolic-predictive-model-for-pmv-control-based-on-deep-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93271.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">372</span> Heuristic Algorithms for Time Based Weapon-Target Assignment Problem</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun%20Seop%20Uhm">Hyun Seop Uhm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong%20Ho%20Choi"> Yong Ho Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ji%20Eun%20Kim"> Ji Eun Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Hoon%20Lee"> Young Hoon Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Weapon-target assignment (WTA) is a problem that assigns available launchers to appropriate targets in order to defend assets. Various algorithms for WTA have been developed over past years for both in the static and dynamic environment (denoted by SWTA and DWTA respectively). Due to the problem requirement to be solved in a relevant computational time, WTA has suffered from the solution efficiency. As a result, SWTA and DWTA problems have been solved in the limited situation of the battlefield. In this paper, the general situation under continuous time is considered by Time based Weapon Target Assignment (TWTA) problem. TWTA are studied using the mixed integer programming model, and three heuristic algorithms; decomposed opt-opt, decomposed opt-greedy, and greedy algorithms are suggested. Although the TWTA optimization model works inefficiently when it is characterized by a large size, the decomposed opt-opt algorithm based on the linearization and decomposition method extracted efficient solutions in a reasonable computation time. Because the computation time of the scheduling part is too long to solve by the optimization model, several algorithms based on greedy is proposed. The models show lower performance value than that of the decomposed opt-opt algorithm, but very short time is needed to compute. Hence, this paper proposes an improved method by applying decomposition to TWTA, and more practical and effectual methods can be developed for using TWTA on the battlefield. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20and%20missile%20defense" title="air and missile defense">air and missile defense</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weapon%20target%20assignment" title=" weapon target assignment"> weapon target assignment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20integer%20programming" title=" mixed integer programming"> mixed integer programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piecewise%20linearization" title=" piecewise linearization"> piecewise linearization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decomposition%20algorithm" title=" decomposition algorithm"> decomposition algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=military%20operations%20research" title=" military operations research"> military operations research</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51706/heuristic-algorithms-for-time-based-weapon-target-assignment-problem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51706.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">371</span> Nanoenergetic Materials as Effective Heat Energy Sources for Enhanced Gas Generators</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang%20Beom%20Kim">Sang Beom Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyung%20Ju%20Kim"> Kyung Ju Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myung%20Hoon%20Cho"> Myung Hoon Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ji%20Hoon%20Kim"> Ji Hoon Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soo%20Hyung%20Kim"> Soo Hyung Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we systematically investigated the effect of nanoscale energetic materials in formulations of aluminum nanoparticles (Al NPs; heat source)/copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs; oxidizer) on the combustion and gas-generating properties of sodium azide microparticles (NaN3 MPs; gas-generating agent) for potential applications in gas generators. The burn rate of the NaN3 MP/CuO NP composite powder was only ~0.3 m/s. However, the addition of Al NPs to the NaN3 MP/CuO NP matrix caused the rates to reach ~5.3 m/s, respectively. In addition, the N2 gas volume flow rate generated by the ignition of the NaN3 MP/CuO NP composite powder was only ~0.6 L/s, which was significantly increased to ~3.9 L/s by adding Al NPs to the NaN3 MP/CuO NP composite powder. This suggested that the highly reactive NPs, with the assistance of CuO NPs, were effective heat-generating sources enabling the complete thermal decomposition of NaN3 MPs upon ignition. Al NPs were highly effective in the gas generators because of the increased reactivity induced by the reduced particle size. Finally, we successfully demonstrated that a homemade airbag with a specific volume of ~140 mL could be rapidly and fully inflated by the thermal activation of nanoscale energetic material-added gas-generating agents (i.e., NaN3 MP/Al NP/CuO NP composites) within the standard time of ~50 ms for airbag inflation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoenergetic%20materials" title="nanoenergetic materials">nanoenergetic materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminum%20nanoparticles" title=" aluminum nanoparticles"> aluminum nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper%20oxide%20nanoparticles" title=" copper oxide nanoparticles"> copper oxide nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20generators" title=" gas generators"> gas generators</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45745/nanoenergetic-materials-as-effective-heat-energy-sources-for-enhanced-gas-generators" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45745.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">370</span> Efficient Iterative V-BLAST Detection Technique in Wireless Communication System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hwan-Jun%20Choi">Hwan-Jun Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung-Bok%20Choi"> Sung-Bok Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyoung-Kyu%20Song"> Hyoung-Kyu Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, among the MIMO-OFDM detection techniques, a lot of papers suggested V-BLAST scheme which can achieve high data rate. Therefore, the signal detection of MIMOOFDM system is important issue. In this paper, efficient iterative VBLAST detection technique is proposed in wireless communication system. The proposed scheme adjusts the number of candidate symbol and iterative scheme based on channel state. According to the simulation result, the proposed scheme has better BER performance than conventional schemes and similar BER performance of the QRD-M with iterative scheme. Moreover complexity of proposed scheme has 50.6 % less than complexity of QRD-M detection with iterative scheme. Therefore the proposed detection scheme can be efficiently used in wireless communication. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MIMO-OFDM" title="MIMO-OFDM">MIMO-OFDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V-BLAST" title=" V-BLAST"> V-BLAST</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QR-decomposition" title=" QR-decomposition"> QR-decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QRDM" title=" QRDM"> QRDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFE" title=" DFE"> DFE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iterative%20scheme" title=" iterative scheme"> iterative scheme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=channel%20condition" title=" channel condition"> channel condition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3522/efficient-iterative-v-blast-detection-technique-in-wireless-communication-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3522.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">530</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">369</span> Measurements of Flow Mixing Behaviors Using a Wire-Mesh Sensor in a Wire-Wrapped 37-Pin Rod Assembly</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyungmo%20Kim">Hyungmo Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hwang%20Bae"> Hwang Bae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seok-Kyu%20Chang"> Seok-Kyu Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Won%20Lee"> Dong Won Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yung%20Joo%20Ko"> Yung Joo Ko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sun%20Rock%20Choi"> Sun Rock Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hae%20Seob%20Choi"> Hae Seob Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyeon%20Seok%20Woo"> Hyeon Seok Woo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong-Jin%20Euh"> Dong-Jin Euh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyeong-Yeon%20Lee"> Hyeong-Yeon Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Flow mixing characteristics in the wire-wrapped 37-pin rod bundle were measured by using a wire-mesh sensing system for a sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR). The subchannel flow mixing in SFR core subchannels was an essential characteristic for verification of a core thermal design and safety analysis. A dedicated test facility including the wire-mesh sensor system and tracing liquid injection system was developed, and the conductivity fields at the end of 37-pin rod bundle were visualized in several different flow conditions. These experimental results represented the reasonable agreements with the results of CFD, and the uncertainty of the mixing experiments has been conducted to evaluate the experimental results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=core%20thermal%20design" title="core thermal design">core thermal design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20mixing" title=" flow mixing"> flow mixing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=a%20wire-mesh%20sensor" title=" a wire-mesh sensor"> a wire-mesh sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=a%20wire-wrap%20effect" title=" a wire-wrap effect"> a wire-wrap effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23655/measurements-of-flow-mixing-behaviors-using-a-wire-mesh-sensor-in-a-wire-wrapped-37-pin-rod-assembly" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23655.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">629</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">368</span> Reservoir Inflow Prediction for Pump Station Using Upstream Sewer Depth Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osung%20Im">Osung Im</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neha%20Yadav"> Neha Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eui%20Hoon%20Lee"> Eui Hoon Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joong%20Hoon%20Kim"> Joong Hoon Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach is commonly used in lots of fields for forecasting. In water resources engineering, forecast of water level or inflow of reservoir is useful for various kind of purposes. Due to advantages of ANN, many papers were written for inflow prediction in river networks, but in this study, ANN is used in urban sewer networks. The growth of severe rain storm in Korea has increased flood damage severely, and the precipitation distribution is getting more erratic. Therefore, effective pump operation in pump station is an essential task for the reduction in urban area. If real time inflow of pump station reservoir can be predicted, it is possible to operate pump effectively for reducing the flood damage. This study used ANN model for pump station reservoir inflow prediction using upstream sewer depth data. For this study, rainfall events, sewer depth, and inflow into Banpo pump station reservoir between years of 2013-2014 were considered. Feed – Forward Back Propagation (FFBF), Cascade – Forward Back Propagation (CFBP), Elman Back Propagation (EBP) and Nonlinear Autoregressive Exogenous (NARX) were used as ANN model for prediction. A comparison of results with ANN model suggests that ANN is a powerful tool for inflow prediction using the sewer depth data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20network" title="artificial neural network">artificial neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forecasting" title=" forecasting"> forecasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reservoir%20inflow" title=" reservoir inflow"> reservoir inflow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sewer%20depth" title=" sewer depth"> sewer depth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58382/reservoir-inflow-prediction-for-pump-station-using-upstream-sewer-depth-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58382.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">367</span> Evaluation of Mechanical Behavior of Laser Cladding in Various Tilting Pad Bearing Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Si-Geun%20Choi">Si-Geun Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hoon-Jae%20Park"> Hoon-Jae Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung-Woo%20Cho"> Jung-Woo Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin-Ho%20Lim"> Jin-Ho Lim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin-Young%20Park"> Jin-Young Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joo-Young%20Oh"> Joo-Young Oh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Il%20Jeong%20Seock-Sam%20Kim"> Jae-Il Jeong Seock-Sam Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Tae%20Cho"> Young Tae Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chan%20Gyu%20Kim"> Chan Gyu Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong-Hyoung%20Kim"> Jong-Hyoung Kim </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The tilting pad bearing is a kind of the fluid film bearing and it can contribute to the high speed and the high load performance compared to other bearings including the rolling element bearing. Furthermore, the tilting bearing has many advantages such as high stability at high-speed performance, long life, high damping, high impact resistance and low noise. Therefore, it mostly used in mid to large size turbomachines, despite the high price disadvantage. Recently, manufacture and process employing laser techniques advancing at a fast-growing rate in mechanical industry, the dissimilar metal weld process employing laser techniques is actively studied. Moreover, also, Industry fields try to apply for welding the white metal and the back metal using laser cladding method for high durability. Furthermore, it has followed that laser cladding method has a lot better bond strength, toughness, anti-abrasion and environment-friendly than centrifugal casting method through preceding research. Therefore, the laser cladding method has a lot better quality, cost reduction, eco-friendliness and permanence of technology than the centrifugal casting method or the gravity casting method. In this study, we compare the mechanical properties of different bearing materials by evaluating the behavior of laser cladding layer with various materials (i.e. SS400, SCM440, S20C) under the same parameters. Furthermore, we analyze the porosity of various tilting pad bearing materials which white metal treated on samples. SEM, EDS analysis and hardness tests of three materials are shown to understand the mechanical properties and tribological behavior. W/D ratio, surface roughness results with various materials are performed in this study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20cladding" title="laser cladding">laser cladding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tilting%20pad%20bearing" title=" tilting pad bearing"> tilting pad bearing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=white%20metal" title=" white metal"> white metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89361/evaluation-of-mechanical-behavior-of-laser-cladding-in-various-tilting-pad-bearing-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89361.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">366</span> Optimal Power Exchange of Multi-Microgrids with Hierarchical Coordination</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beom-Ryeol%20Choi">Beom-Ryeol Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Won-Poong%20Lee"> Won-Poong Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin-Young%20Choi"> Jin-Young Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young-Hak%20Shin"> Young-Hak Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong-Jun%20Won"> Dong-Jun Won</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A Microgrid (MG) has a major role in power system. There are numerous benefits, such as ability to reduce environmental impact and enhance the reliability of a power system. Hence, Multi-MG (MMG) consisted of multiple MGs is being studied intensively. This paper proposes the optimal power exchange of MMG with hierarchical coordination. The whole system architecture consists of two layers: 1) upper layer including MG of MG Center (MoMC) which is in charge of the overall management and coordination and 2) lower layer comprised of several Microgrid-Energy Management Systems (MG-EMSs) which make a decision for own schedule. In order to accomplish the optimal power exchange, the proposed coordination algorithm is applied to MMG system. The objective of this process is to achieve optimal operation for improving economics under the grid-connected operation. The simulation results show how the output of each MG can be changed through coordination algorithm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microgrids" title="microgrids">microgrids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-microgrids" title=" multi-microgrids"> multi-microgrids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20exchange" title=" power exchange"> power exchange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hierarchical%20coordination" title=" hierarchical coordination"> hierarchical coordination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72872/optimal-power-exchange-of-multi-microgrids-with-hierarchical-coordination" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72872.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">365</span> Enhanced Anti-Obesity Effect of Soybean by Fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum P1201 in 3T3-L1 Adipocyte</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chengliang%20Xie">Chengliang Xie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinhyun%20Ryu"> Jinhyun Ryu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun%20Joon%20Kim"> Hyun Joon Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gyeong%20Jae%20Cho"> Gyeong Jae Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wan%20Sung%20Choi"> Wan Sung Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang%20Soo%20Kang"> Sang Soo Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kye%20Man%20Cho"> Kye Man Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Hoon%20Lee"> Dong Hoon Lee </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Obesity has become a global health problem and a source of major metabolic diseases like type-2 diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver and cancer. Synthetic anti-obesity drugs are effective but very costly and with undesirable side effects, so natural products such as soybean are needed as an alternative for obesity treatment. Lactobacillus Plantarum P1201is a probiotic bacterial strain reported to produce conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and increase the ratio of aglycone-isoflavone of soybean, both of which have anti-obesity effect. In this study, the anti-obesity effect of the fermented soybean extract with P1201 (FSE) will be evaluated compared with that of the soybean extract (SE) by 3T3-L1 cells as an in vitro model of adipogenesis. 3T3-L1 cells were treated with SE and FSE during the nine days of the differentiation, lipid accumulation was evaluated by oil-red staining and triglyceride content and the mRNA expression level of adipogenic or lipogenic genes were analyzed by RT-PCR and qPCR. The results showed that formation of lipid droplets in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells was inhibited and triglyceride content was reduced by 23.1% after treated with 1000 μg/mL of FSE compared with control. For SE-treated groups, no delipidating effect was observed. The effect of FSE on adipogenesis inhibition can be attributed to the down-regulation of mRNA expressionof CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP-α), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), adiponectin, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (aP2), fatty acid synthesis (FAS) and CoA carboxylase (ACC). Our results demonstrated that the anti-obesity effect of soybean can be improved by fermentation with P1201, and P1201can be used as a potential probiotic bacterial strain to produce natural anti-obesity food. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fermentation" title="fermentation">fermentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lactobacillus%20plantarum%20P1201" title=" Lactobacillus plantarum P1201"> Lactobacillus plantarum P1201</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obesity" title=" obesity"> obesity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soybean" title=" soybean"> soybean</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39309/enhanced-anti-obesity-effect-of-soybean-by-fermentation-with-lactobacillus-plantarum-p1201-in-3t3-l1-adipocyte" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39309.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">364</span> Comparison of Tribological and Mechanical Properties of White Metal Produced by Laser Cladding and Conventional Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Il%20Jeong">Jae-Il Jeong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hoon-Jae%20Park"> Hoon-Jae Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung-Woo%20Cho"> Jung-Woo Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang-Gon%20Kim"> Yang-Gon Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin-Young%20Park"> Jin-Young Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joo-Young%20Oh"> Joo-Young Oh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Si-Geun%20Choi"> Si-Geun Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seock-Sam%20Kim"> Seock-Sam Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Tae%20Cho"> Young Tae Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chan%20Gyu%20Kim"> Chan Gyu Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong-Hyoung%20Kim"> Jong-Hyoung Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bearing component has strongly required to decrease vibration and wear to achieve high durability and life time. In the industry field, bearing durability is improved by surface treatment on the bearing surface by centrifugal casting or gravity casting production method. However, this manufacturing method has caused problems such as long processing time, defect rate, and health harmful effect. To solve this problem, there is a laser cladding deposition treatment, which provides fast processing and food adhesion. Therefore, optimum conditions of white metal laser deposition should be studied to minimize bearing contact axis wear using laser cladding techniques. In this study, we deposit a soft white metal layer on SCM440, which is mainly used for shaft and bolt. On laser deposition process, the laser power and powder feed rate and laser head speed factors are controlled to find out the optimal conditions. We also measure hardness using micro Vickers, analyze FE-SEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope) and EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy) to study the mechanical properties and surface characteristics with various parameters change. Furthermore, this paper suggests the optimum condition of laser cladding deposition to apply in industrial fields. This work was supported by the Industrial Innovation Project of the Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology (KEIT) granted financial resource from the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy, Republic of Korea (Research no. 10051653). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20deposition" title="laser deposition">laser deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bearing" title=" bearing"> bearing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=white%20metal" title=" white metal"> white metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89365/comparison-of-tribological-and-mechanical-properties-of-white-metal-produced-by-laser-cladding-and-conventional-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89365.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">363</span> Evaluation of Hepatic Metabolite Changes for Differentiation Between Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Simple Hepatic Steatosis Using Long Echo-Time Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae-Hoon%20Kim">Tae-Hoon Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwon-Ha%20Yoon"> Kwon-Ha Yoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Young%20Jun"> Hong Young Jun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ki-Jong%20Kim"> Ki-Jong Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Hwan%20Lee"> Young Hwan Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myeung%20Su%20Lee"> Myeung Su Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keum%20Ha%20Choi"> Keum Ha Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ki%20Jung%20Yun"> Ki Jung Yun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eun%20Young%20Cho"> Eun Young Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong-Yeon%20Jeong"> Yong-Yeon Jeong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chung-Hwan%20Jun"> Chung-Hwan Jun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: To assess the changes of hepatic metabolite for differentiation between non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and simple steatosis on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in both humans and animal model. Methods: The local institutional review board approved this study and subjects gave written informed consent. 1H-MRS measurements were performed on a localized voxel of the liver using a point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence and hepatic metabolites of alanine (Ala), lactate/triglyceride (Lac/TG), and TG were analyzed in NASH, simple steatosis and control groups. The group difference was tested with the ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc tests, and diagnostic accuracy was tested by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve. The associations between metabolic concentration and pathologic grades or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) activity scores were assessed by the Pearson’s correlation. Results: Patient with NASH showed the elevated Ala(p<0.001), Lac/TG(p < 0.001), TG(p < 0.05) concentration when compared with patients who had simple steatosis and healthy controls. The NASH patients were higher levels in Ala(mean±SEM, 52.5±8.3 vs 2.0±0.9; p < 0.001), Lac/TG(824.0±168.2 vs 394.1±89.8; p < 0.05) than simple steatosis. The area under the ROC curve to distinguish NASH from simple steatosis was 1.00 (95% confidence interval; 1.00, 1.00) with Ala and 0.782 (95% confidence interval; 0.61, 0.96) with Lac/TG. The Ala and Lac/TG levels were well correlated with steatosis grade, lobular inflammation, and NAFLD activity scores. The metabolic changes in human were reproducible to a mice model induced by streptozotocin injection and a high-fat diet. Conclusion: 1H-MRS would be useful for differentiation of patients with NASH and simple hepatic steatosis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-alcoholic%20fatty%20liver%20disease" title="non-alcoholic fatty liver disease">non-alcoholic fatty liver disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-alcoholic%20steatohepatitis" title=" non-alcoholic steatohepatitis"> non-alcoholic steatohepatitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=1H%20MR%20spectroscopy" title=" 1H MR spectroscopy"> 1H MR spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatic%20metabolites" title=" hepatic metabolites"> hepatic metabolites</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57147/evaluation-of-hepatic-metabolite-changes-for-differentiation-between-non-alcoholic-steatohepatitis-and-simple-hepatic-steatosis-using-long-echo-time-proton-magnetic-resonance-spectroscopy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57147.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">362</span> The Synthesis and Characterization of Highly Water-Soluble Silane Coupling Agents for Increasing Silica Filler Content in Styrene-Butadiene Rubber</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Choi">Jun Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bo%20Ram%20Lee"> Bo Ram Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ji%20Hye%20Choi"> Ji Hye Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung%20Soo%20Kim"> Jung Soo Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=No-Hyung%20Park"> No-Hyung Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Hyun%20Kim"> Dong Hyun Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The synthetic rubber compound, which is widely used as the core material for automobile tire industry, is manufactured by mixing styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and organic/inorganic fillers. It is known that the most important factor for the physical properties of rubber compound is the interaction between the filler and the rubber, which affects the rotational, braking and abrasion resistance. Silica filler has hydrophilic groups such as a silanol group on their surface which has a low affinity with hydrophobic rubbers. In order to solve this problem, researches on an efficient silane coupling agent (SCA) has been continuously carried out. In this study, highly water-soluble SCAs which are expected to show higher hydrolysis efficiency were synthesized. The hydrophobization process of the silica with the prepared SCAs was economical and environment-friendly. The SCAs structures were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. In addition, their hydrolysis efficiency and condensation side reaction in SBR wet master batch were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC), respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rubber" title="rubber">rubber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silane%20coupling%20agent" title=" silane coupling agent"> silane coupling agent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthesis" title=" synthesis"> synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water-soluble" title=" water-soluble"> water-soluble</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76604/the-synthesis-and-characterization-of-highly-water-soluble-silane-coupling-agents-for-increasing-silica-filler-content-in-styrene-butadiene-rubber" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76604.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">293</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">361</span> Effects of β-Glucan on the Release of Nitric Oxide by RAW264.7 Cells Stimulated with Escherichia coli Lipopolysaccharide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eun%20Young%20Choi">Eun Young Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=So%20Hui%20Choe"> So Hui Choe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin%20Yi%20Hyeon"> Jin Yi Hyeon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ji%20Young%20Jin"> Ji Young Jin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bo%20Ram%20Keum"> Bo Ram Keum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong%20Min%20Lim"> Jong Min Lim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyung%20Rae%20Cho"> Hyung Rae Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwang%20Keun%20Cho"> Kwang Keun Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=In%20Soon%20Choi"> In Soon Choi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research analyzed the effect of β-glucan that is expected to alleviate the production of inflammatory mediator in macrophagocyte, which was processed by the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia, a pathogen related to allergy. The incubated layer was used for nitric oxide (NO) analysis. The DNA-binding activation of the small unit of NF-κB was measured using ELISA-based kit. In RAW264.7 cells that were vitalized by E.coli LPS, β-glucan inhibited both the combatant and rendering phases of inducible NO synthase (iNOS)-derived NO. β-glucan increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the cell that was stimulated by E.coli LPS, and HO-1 activation was inhibited by SnPP. This shows that NO production induced by LPS is related to the inhibition effect of β-glucan. The phosphorylation of JNK and p38 induced by LPS were not influenced by β-glucan, and IκB-α decomposition was not influenced either. Instead, β-glucan remarkably inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT1 that was induced by E.coli LPS. Overall, β-glucan inhibited the production of NO in macrophagocyte that was vitalized by E.coli LPS through HO-1 induction and STAT1 pathways inhibition in this research. As the host inflammation reaction control by β-glucan weakens the progress of allergy, β-glucan can be used as an effective treatment method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B2-glucan" title="β-glucan">β-glucan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipopolysaccharide%20%28LPS%29" title=" lipopolysaccharide (LPS)"> lipopolysaccharide (LPS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitric%20oxide%20%28NO%29" title=" nitric oxide (NO)"> nitric oxide (NO)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RAW264.7%20cells" title=" RAW264.7 cells"> RAW264.7 cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=STAT1" title=" STAT1"> STAT1</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49496/effects-of-v-glucan-on-the-release-of-nitric-oxide-by-raw2647-cells-stimulated-with-escherichia-coli-lipopolysaccharide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49496.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">360</span> Thermal-Fluid Characteristics of Heating Element in Rotary Heat Exchanger in Accordance with Fouling Phenomena</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Mun%20Lee">Young Mun Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seon%20Ho%20Kim"> Seon Ho Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seok%20Min%20Choi"> Seok Min Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=JeongJu%20Kim"> JeongJu Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seungyeong%20Choi"> Seungyeong Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyung%20Hee%20Cho"> Hyung Hee Cho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To decrease sulfur oxide in the flue gas from coal power plant, a flue gas de-sulfurization facility is operated. In the reactor, a chemical reaction occurs with a temperature change of the gas so that sulfur oxide is removed and cleaned air is emitted. In this process, temperature change induces a serious problem which is a cold erosion of stack. To solve this problem, the rotary heat exchanger is managed before the stack. In the heat exchanger, a heating element is equipped to increase a heat transfer area. Heat transfer and pressure loss is a big issue to improve a performance. In this research, thermal-fluid characteristics of the heating element are analyzed by computational fluid dynamics. Fouling simulation is also conducted to calculate a performance of heating element. Numerical analysis is performed on the situation where plugging phenomenon has already occurred and existed in the inlet region of the heating element. As the pressure of the rear part of the plugging decreases suddenly and the flow velocity becomes slower, it is found that the flow is gathered from both sides as it develops in the flow direction, and it is confirmed that the pressure difference due to plugging is increased. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heating%20element" title="heating element">heating element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plugging" title=" plugging"> plugging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotary%20heat%20exchanger" title=" rotary heat exchanger"> rotary heat exchanger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20fluid%20characteristics" title=" thermal fluid characteristics"> thermal fluid characteristics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80525/thermal-fluid-characteristics-of-heating-element-in-rotary-heat-exchanger-in-accordance-with-fouling-phenomena" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80525.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">485</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">359</span> A Study on the Magnetic and Submarine Geology Structure of TA22 Seamount in Lau Basin, Tonga</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soon%20Young%20Choi">Soon Young Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chan%20Hwan%20Kim"> Chan Hwan Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chan%20Hong%20Park"> Chan Hong Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyung%20Rae%20Kim"> Hyung Rae Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myoung%20Hoon%20Lee"> Myoung Hoon Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyeon-Yeong%20Park"> Hyeon-Yeong Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We performed the marine magnetic, bathymetry and seismic survey at the TA22 seamount (in the Lau basin, SW Pacific) for finding the submarine hydrothermal deposits in October 2009. We acquired magnetic and bathymetry data sets by suing Overhouser Proton Magnetometer SeaSPY (Marine Magnetics Co.), Multi-beam Echo Sounder EM120 (Kongsberg Co.). We conducted the data processing to obtain detailed seabed topography, magnetic anomaly, reduction to the pole (RTP) and magnetization. Based on the magnetic properties result, we analyzed submarine geology structure of TA22 seamount with post-processed seismic profile. The detailed bathymetry of the TA22 seamount showed the left and right crest parts that have caldera features in each crest central part. The magnetic anomaly distribution of the TA22 seamount regionally displayed high magnetic anomalies in northern part and the low magnetic anomalies in southern part around the caldera features. The RTP magnetic anomaly distribution of the TA22 seamount presented commonly high magnetic anomalies in the each caldera central part. Also, it represented strong anomalies at the inside of caldera rather than outside flank of the caldera. The magnetization distribution of the TA22 seamount showed the low magnetization zone in the center of each caldera, high magnetization zone in the southern and northern east part. From analyzed the seismic profile map, The TA22 seamount area is showed for the inferred small mounds inside each caldera central part and it assumes to make possibility of sills by the magma in cases of the right caldera. Taking into account all results of this study (bathymetry, magnetic anomaly, RTP, magnetization, seismic profile) with rock samples at the left caldera area in 2009 survey, we suppose the possibility of hydrothermal deposits at mounds in each caldera central part and at outside flank of the caldera representing the low magnetization zone. We expect to have the better results by combined modeling from this study data with the other geological data (ex. detailed gravity, 3D seismic, petrologic study results and etc). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detailed%20bathymetry" title="detailed bathymetry">detailed bathymetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20anomaly" title=" magnetic anomaly"> magnetic anomaly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seamounts" title=" seamounts"> seamounts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20profile" title=" seismic profile"> seismic profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SW%20Pacific" title=" SW Pacific"> SW Pacific</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65090/a-study-on-the-magnetic-and-submarine-geology-structure-of-ta22-seamount-in-lau-basin-tonga" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65090.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">358</span> An Experimental Study on the Optimum Installation of Fire Detector for Early Stage Fire Detecting in Rack-Type Warehouses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ki%20Ok%20Choi">Ki Ok Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung%20Ho%20Hong"> Sung Ho Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Suck%20Kim"> Dong Suck Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Don%20Mook%20Choi"> Don Mook Choi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rack type warehouses are different from general buildings in the kinds, amount, and arrangement of stored goods, so the fire risk of rack type warehouses is different from those buildings. The fire pattern of rack type warehouses is different in combustion characteristic and storing condition of stored goods. The initial fire burning rate is different in the surface condition of materials, but the running time of fire is closely related with the kinds of stored materials and stored conditions. The stored goods of the warehouse are consisted of diverse combustibles, combustible liquid, and so on. Fire detection time may be delayed because the residents are less than office and commercial buildings. If fire detectors installed in rack type warehouses are inadaptable, the fire of the warehouse may be the great fire because of delaying of fire detection. In this paper, we studied what kinds of fire detectors are optimized in early detecting of rack type warehouse fire by real-scale fire tests. The fire detectors used in the tests are rate of rise type, fixed type, photo electric type, and aspirating type detectors. We considered optimum fire detecting method in rack type warehouses suggested by the response characteristic and comparative analysis of the fire detectors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20detector" title="fire detector">fire detector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rack" title=" rack"> rack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20characteristic" title=" response characteristic"> response characteristic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=warehouse" title=" warehouse"> warehouse</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56376/an-experimental-study-on-the-optimum-installation-of-fire-detector-for-early-stage-fire-detecting-in-rack-type-warehouses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56376.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">745</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hoon%20Choi&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hoon%20Choi&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hoon%20Choi&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hoon%20Choi&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hoon%20Choi&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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