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class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#English">1 English</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Etymology">1.1 Etymology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Pronunciation">1.2 Pronunciation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Noun">1.3 Noun</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="#Related_terms">1.3.1 Related terms</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#Translations">1.3.2 Translations</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#References">1.4 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Further_reading">1.5 Further reading</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="English">English</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=lexicography&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: English">edit</a>]</div> <div class="was-wotd floatright" style="padding-right: 1em"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Word_of_the_day/Archive/2020/July#26" title="Wiktionary:Word of the day/Archive/2020/July">WOTD – 26 July 2020</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=lexicography&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a>]</div> From <a href="/wiki/lexico-#English" title="lexico-">lexico-</a> (prefix meaning ‘speech; words’) +‎ <a href="/wiki/-graphy#English" title="-graphy">-graphy</a> (suffix meaning ‘something written about a specified subject’).<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronunciation">Pronunciation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=lexicography&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pronunciation">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Received_Pronunciation" class="extiw" title="w:Received Pronunciation">Received Pronunciation</a>) <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:English_pronunciation" title="Appendix:English pronunciation">key</a>): /ˌlɛksɪˈkɒɡɹəfi/</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r50165410">.mw-parser-output .k-player .k-attribution{visibility:hidden}</style><table class="audiotable" style="vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; list-style: none; line-height: 1em; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0;"><tbody><tr><td>Audio (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_in_southern_England" class="extiw" title="w:English in southern England">Southern England</a>):</td><td class="audiofile"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="175" style="width:175px;" data-durationhint="2" data-mwtitle="LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-lexicography.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lexicography.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lexicography.wav.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lexicography.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lexicography.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lexicography.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></td><td class="audiometa" style="font-size: 80%;">(<a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-lexicography.wav" title="File:LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-lexicography.wav">file</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table></li> <li>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_American_English" class="extiw" title="w:General American English">General American</a>) <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:English_pronunciation" title="Appendix:English pronunciation">key</a>): /ˌlɛksɪˈkɑɡɹəfi/, /-sə-/</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r50165410"><table class="audiotable" style="vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; list-style: none; line-height: 1em; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0;"><tbody><tr><td>Audio (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_American_English" class="extiw" title="w:General American English">General American</a>):</td><td class="audiofile"><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="175" style="width:175px;" data-durationhint="2" data-mwtitle="en-us-lexicography.mp3" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/En-us-lexicography.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/En-us-lexicography.mp3/En-us-lexicography.mp3.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></td><td class="audiometa" style="font-size: 80%;">(<a href="/wiki/File:en-us-lexicography.mp3" title="File:en-us-lexicography.mp3">file</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r50165410"><table class="audiotable" style="vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; list-style: none; line-height: 1em; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0;"><tbody><tr><td>Audio (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_English" class="extiw" title="w:American English">US</a>):</td><td class="audiofile"><audio id="mwe_player_2" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="175" style="width:175px;" data-durationhint="2" data-mwtitle="LL-Q1860_(eng)-Wodencafe-lexicography.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-lexicography.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-lexicography.wav.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-lexicography.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-lexicography.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-lexicography.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></td><td class="audiometa" style="font-size: 80%;">(<a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q1860_(eng)-Wodencafe-lexicography.wav" title="File:LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-lexicography.wav">file</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table></li> <li>Hyphenation: lex‧i‧co‧gra‧phy</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noun">Noun</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=lexicography&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Noun">edit</a>]</div> lexicography (<a href="/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#countable" title="Appendix:Glossary">countable</a> and <a href="/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#uncountable" title="Appendix:Glossary">uncountable</a>, plural <a href="/wiki/lexicographies#English" title="lexicographies">lexicographies</a>) <ol><li>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#uncountable" title="Appendix:Glossary">uncountable</a>) The <a href="/wiki/art" title="art">art</a> or <a href="/wiki/craft#Noun" title="craft">craft</a> of <a href="/wiki/compile" title="compile">compiling</a>, <a href="/wiki/write" title="write">writing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/edit#Verb" title="edit">editing</a> <a href="/wiki/dictionary" title="dictionary">dictionaries</a>. <ul><li><div class="citation-whole">1735 March 5, “Craftsman, Feb. 22 [<a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>]. Nº 451.”, in Sylvanus Urban [pseudonym; <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Cave" class="extiw" title="w:Edward Cave">Edward Cave</a>], editor, <cite><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gentleman%27s_Magazine" class="extiw" title="w:The Gentleman's Magazine">The Gentleman’s Magazine, and Historical Chronicle</a></cite>, volume V, London: […] Edward Cave, […], published February 1735, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/192374019">→OCLC</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p1U3AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA85">page 85</a>, column 1:<dl><dd><div class="h-quotation">[T]here are ſeveral Species of Writing, in which a proper Degree of Hebetude is abſolutely neceſſary, as well as in other profeſſions; such as Lexicography, Index-making, and the like; [...]</div></dd></dl></div></li> <li><div class="citation-whole">1755 April 15, Samuel Johnson, “<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/b30451541_0001/page/n14/mode/1up">Preface</a>”, in <cite><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language" class="extiw" title="w:A Dictionary of the English Language">A Dictionary of the English Language: [<span title="In which the Words are Deduced from Their Originals, and Illustrated in Their Different Significations by Examples from the Best Writers. To which are Prefixed, a History of the Language, and an English Grammar. By Samuel Johnson, A.M. In Two Volumes.">…]</a></cite>, volume I (A–K), London: […] J[ohn] and P[aul] Knapton;  […], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/1637325">→OCLC</a>:<dl><dd><div class="h-quotation">And ſuch is the fate of hapleſs lexicography, that not only darkneſs, but light, impedes and diſtreſſes it; things may be not only too little, but too much known, to be happily illuſtrated.</div></dd></dl></div></li> <li><div class="citation-whole">1795 December 22, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Philpot_Curran" class="extiw" title="w:John Philpot Curran">[John Philpot] Curran</a> (defence counsel), “612. Trial of James Weldon for High Treason, [<span title="before the Court Holden under a Commission of Oyer and Terminer and General Gaol Delivery in and for the County of the City of Dublin, in the Kingdom of Ireland, on Monday December 21st, and Tuesday December 22nd: 36 George III. A.D. 1795.">…]”, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jones_Howell" class="extiw" title="w:Thomas Jones Howell">Thomas Jones Howell</a>, editor, <cite><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Cobbett" class="extiw" title="w:William Cobbett">Cobbett</a>’s Complete Collection of State Trials and Proceedings for High Treason and Other Crimes and Misdemeanors [<span title="from the Earliest Period to the Year 1783, with Notes and Other Illustrations: Compiled by T. B. Howell, Esq. F.R.S. F.S.A. and Continued from the Year 1783 to the Present Time: by Thomas Howell Jones, Esq.">…]</cite>, volume XXVI, London: […] <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longman" class="extiw" title="w:Longman">Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown</a>; [et al.], published 1819, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/712066713">→OCLC</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K7dCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA267">column 267</a>:<dl><dd><div class="h-quotation">Let me warn you, therefore, against that fallacious lexicography which forms new words, that undergoing the examination of political slander or intemperate zeal, are considered as having a known acception.—What is the word?—A word that should be discarded, when it is sought to affix to it another meaning than that which it bears in the cases where it is used.</div></dd></dl></div></li> <li><div class="citation-whole">1802, Henry Neuman, “<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9o04AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP9">Preface</a>”, in <cite>A New Dictionary of the Spanish and English Languages; [<span title="wherein the Words are Explained Agreeable to Their Different Meanings, and a Great Variety of Terms Relating to the Arts, Sciences, Trade, and Navigation, Carefully Elucidated. Compiled from the Best Authorities, by Henry Neuman.">…] In Two Parts</cite>, 1st part (The Spanish before the English), London: […] Vernor and Hood, […], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/1121491003">→OCLC</a>:<dl><dd><div class="h-quotation">[...] I have not only availed myſelf of all the Aſſiſtance which more ancient Sources of Spaniſh Lexicography could afford, but alſo had particular Recourſe to the Dictionary published at Madrid in 1797 and 1798, [...]</div></dd></dl></div></li> <li><div class="citation-whole">1831, Ying Hing Soo, “Book Second”, in Charles Fried. Neumann [i.e., <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Friedrich_Neumann" class="extiw" title="w:Karl Friedrich Neumann">Karl Friedrich Neumann</a>], transl., <cite>History of the Pirates who Infested the China Sea, from 1807 to 1810. […]</cite>, London: […] <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Asiatic_Society_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland#Oriental_Translation_Fund_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" class="extiw" title="w:Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland">Oriental Translation Fund</a>, […], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/250438210">→OCLC</a>, footnote, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8aUCAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA54">page 54</a>:<dl><dd><div class="h-quotation">There exist different forms of this character, but I think we should not presume to make an etymology of a Chinese character without being authorized by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuowen_Jiezi" class="extiw" title="w:Shuowen Jiezi">Shwǒ wǎn</a>, the oldest and most genuine source of Chinese lexicography.</div></dd></dl></div></li> <li><div class="citation-whole">1999, A[nthony] P[aul] Cowie, “The Role of the Computer in Learner Lexicography”, in <cite>English Dictionaries for Foreign Learners: A History</cite>, Oxford, Oxfordshire: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" class="extiw" title="w:Oxford University Press">Clarendon Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-823506-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-823506-4">→ISBN</a>, section 4.1 (Introduction), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WRHzbsSjm0YC&pg=PA118">page 118</a>:<dl><dd><div class="h-quotation">Without doubt, the most important single development in learner lexicography from the mid-1970s onwards has been the steadily increasing involvement of the computer at all stages of the dictionary-making process, from data gathering and analysis at one end, to compilation, production, and revision at the other.</div></dd></dl></div></li> <li><div class="citation-whole">2013, Amy Chi, “Researching Pedagogical Lexicography”, in Howard Jackson, editor, <cite>The Bloomsbury Companion to Lexicography</cite> (Bloomsbury Companions), London, New York, N.Y.: Bloomsbury Academic, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" class="extiw" title="w:Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4725-4187-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4725-4187-1">→ISBN</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=09JBAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA165">page 165</a>:<dl><dd><div class="h-quotation">A dictionary, as an art and craft of lexicography, has always been closely associated with the notion of pedagogy.</div></dd></dl></div></li></ul></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#uncountable" title="Appendix:Glossary">uncountable</a>, <a href="/wiki/linguistics" title="linguistics">linguistics</a>) The <a href="/wiki/scholarly" title="scholarly">scholarly</a> <a href="/wiki/discipline#Noun" title="discipline">discipline</a> of <a href="/wiki/analyse" title="analyse">analysing</a> and <a href="/wiki/describe" title="describe">describing</a> the <a href="/wiki/semantic" title="semantic">semantic</a>, <a href="/wiki/syntagmatic" title="syntagmatic">syntagmatic</a> and <a href="/wiki/paradigmatic" title="paradigmatic">paradigmatic</a> <a href="/wiki/relationship" title="relationship">relationships</a> within the <a href="/wiki/lexicon" title="lexicon">lexicon</a> (<a href="/wiki/vocabulary" title="vocabulary">vocabulary</a>) of a <a href="/wiki/language" title="language">language</a> and <a href="/wiki/develop" title="develop">developing</a> <a href="/wiki/theory" title="theory">theories</a> of dictionary <a href="/wiki/component" title="component">components</a> and <a href="/wiki/structure#Noun" title="structure">structures</a> <a href="/wiki/link#Verb" title="link">linking</a> the <a href="/wiki/data" title="data">data</a> in dictionaries. <ul><li><div class="citation-whole">1828, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses_Stuart" class="extiw" title="w:Moses Stuart">Moses Stuart</a>, “Changes of Consonants”, in <cite>A Grammar of the Hebrew Language</cite>, 3rd edition, Andover, Mass.: Flagg & Gould, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/1036194">→OCLC</a>, part II (Changes and Peculiarities of Consonants and Verbs), § 105, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zyItAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA51">page 51</a>:<dl><dd><div class="h-quotation">But changes of this nature belong to lexicography, as they do not affect the grammatical forms of words.</div></dd></dl></div></li> <li><div class="citation-whole">1840, Geo. Benedict Winer [i.e., <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Benedikt_Winer" class="extiw" title="w:Georg Benedikt Winer">Georg Benedikt Winer</a>], “§ 4. Grammatical Character of the N.T. Diction.”, in J. H Agnew, O. G. Ebbeke, transl., <cite>A Grammar of the Idioms of the Greek Language of the New Testament</cite>, Philadelphia, Pa.: Herman Hooker, […], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/982205048">→OCLC</a>, part I, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c7JNAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA37">page 37</a>:<dl><dd><div class="h-quotation">What the history of language in general teaches, that in course of time, there is less change in form than signification, in grammar than lexicography, is true of the Greek.</div></dd></dl></div></li> <li><div class="citation-whole">1845 February, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Freund" class="extiw" title="w:Wilhelm Freund">Wilhelm Freund</a>, “Article IV. Principles of Latin Lexicography.”, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Dwight_Woolsey" class="extiw" title="w:Theodore Dwight Woolsey">T[heodore] D[wight] Woolsey</a>, transl., edited by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bela_Bates_Edwards" class="extiw" title="w:Bela Bates Edwards">B[ela] B[ates] Edwards</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwards_Amasa_Park" class="extiw" title="w:Edwards Amasa Park">E[dwards] A[masa] Park</a>, <cite><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliotheca_Sacra" class="extiw" title="w:Bibliotheca Sacra">Bibliotheca Sacra and Theological Review</a></cite>, volume II, number V, New York, N.Y., London: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiley_(publisher)" class="extiw" title="w:Wiley (publisher)">Wiley & Putnam</a>; Andover, Mass.: Allen, Morrill and Wardwell, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/6052689">→OCLC</a>, section I (Of the Idea and Elements of Latin Lexicography), § 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9uEWAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA80">page 80</a>:<dl><dd><div class="h-quotation">If Lexicography in general is that science whose task it is to set forth the nature of every single word of a language through all the periods of its existence, it is the task of Latin lexicography in particular to set forth the nature of every single word of the Latin language, as it makes itself known in all the periods of the existence of that language; or more succinctly expressed, it is the object of Latin lexicography to give the history of every single word of the Latin language.</div></dd></dl></div></li> <li><div class="citation-whole">1911 December 13, C. J. Ball, “A Study in Biblical Philology”, in <cite>Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archæology</cite>, volume XXXIII, number CCXLIX, London: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Biblical_Archaeology" class="extiw" title="w:Society of Biblical Archaeology">Society of Biblical Archaeology</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/1113492364">→OCLC</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qQsaAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA13">page 13</a>:<dl><dd><div class="h-quotation">[T]he philologist may well refuse to accept a body of triliteral roots, developed on a highly artificial and uniform plan, as the ultimate fact in Semitic lexicography.</div></dd></dl></div></li> <li><div class="citation-whole">2002, Howard Jackson, “Criticising Dictionaries”, in <cite>Lexicography: An Introduction</cite>, London, New York, N.Y.: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" class="extiw" title="w:Routledge">Routledge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-23172-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-23172-5">→ISBN</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iQZK1NvRSMAC&pg=PA173">page 173</a>:<dl><dd><div class="h-quotation">Academic lexicography, or 'metalexicography', as pursued in university departments of English or Linguistics, is concerned not primarily with the compiling of dictionaries – though academics may be involved in this, as consultants, for example – but with researching and teaching about the whole business of making dictionaries: their history, their typology, their structures, their users, and so on [...].</div></dd></dl></div></li></ul></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#countable" title="Appendix:Glossary">countable</a>) A dictionary, a <a href="/wiki/lexicon" title="lexicon">lexicon</a>, a <a href="/wiki/wordbook" title="wordbook">wordbook</a>. <ul><li><div class="citation-whole">1828 October, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Story" class="extiw" title="w:Joseph Story">Joseph Story</a>, Associate Judge of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" class="extiw" title="w:Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a>, William P. Mason (reporter), “United States vs. an Open Boat and Lading”, in <cite>Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Circuit Court of the United States, for the First Circuit</cite>, volume V, Boston, Mass.: Hilliard, Gray, Little, and Wilkins, published 1831, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/1013340480">→OCLC</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zyE8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA134">page 134</a>:<dl><dd><div class="h-quotation">There can be no doubt, that in a general sense a boat is a vessel, for it is "a vehicle in which men or goods are carried on the water," which is one of the definitions of a vessel given in our lexicographies; [...]</div></dd></dl></div></li> <li><div class="citation-whole">1855 March, “A Bag of Wind”, in <cite><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putnam%27s_Magazine" class="extiw" title="w:Putnam's Magazine">Putnam’s Monthly. A Magazine of Literature, Science, and Art</a></cite>, volume V, number XXVII, New York, N.Y.: Dix & Edwards, […]; London: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampson_Low" class="extiw" title="w:Sampson Low">Sampson Low, Son & Co.</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/221113463">→OCLC</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Nlw3AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA251">page 251</a>, column 1:<dl><dd><div class="h-quotation">"Air put in motion" is the brief description of the wind in lexicographies; but what a contrast in quality according to its direction; [...]</div></dd></dl></div></li> <li><div class="citation-whole">1998, Christopher Leigh Connery, “Textual Authority and Textual Practice”, in <cite>The Empire of the Text: Writing and Authority in Early Imperial China</cite>, Lanham, Md., Oxford, Oxfordshire: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" class="extiw" title="w:Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield Publishers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8476-8738-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8476-8738-1">→ISBN</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MqeAvvCGlCEC&pg=PA37">page 37</a>:<dl><dd><div class="h-quotation">The earliest examples of dictionaries or lexicographies in nearly any culture serve more to regularize and standardize the lexicon than to list or inventory it, and as such would tend to take as their object textual rather than spoken language.</div></dd></dl></div></li></ul></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Related_terms">Related terms</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=lexicography&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Related terms">edit</a>]</div> <div class="list-switcher" data-toggle-category="derived terms"><div class="columns-bg term-list ul-column-count" data-column-count="4"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/lexicographer#English" title="lexicographer">lexicographer</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=lexicographian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="lexicographian (page does not exist)">lexicographian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/lexicographic#English" title="lexicographic">lexicographic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/lexicographical#English" title="lexicographical">lexicographical</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/lexicographically#English" title="lexicographically">lexicographically</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/lexicological#English" title="lexicological">lexicological</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/lexicology#English" title="lexicology">lexicology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/lexicon#English" title="lexicon">lexicon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/lexis#English" title="lexis">lexis</a></li></ul></div><div class="list-switcher-element" data-showtext=" show more ▼ " data-hidetext=" show less ▲ " style="display:none"> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Translations">Translations</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=lexicography&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Translations">edit</a>]</div> <div class="NavFrame" id="Translations-art_or_craft_of_compiling,_writing,_and_editing_dictionaries"><div class="NavHead" style="text-align:left">art or craft of compiling, writing, and editing dictionaries</div><div class="NavContent"><table class="translations" role="presentation" data-gloss="art or craft of compiling, writing, and editing dictionaries"><tbody><tr><td class="translations-cell multicolumn-list" colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r81584270">.mw-parser-output .translations{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .translations-cell{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-lightyellow,#FFFFe0);vertical-align:top;text-align:left}</style> <ul><li>Armenian: <a href="/wiki/%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6#Armenian" title="բառարանագրություն">բառարանագրություն</a> <a href="https://hy.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" class="extiw" title="hy:բառարանագրություն">(hy)</a> (baṙaranagrutʻyun)</li> <li>Asturian: <a href="/wiki/lexicograf%C3%ADa#Asturian" title="lexicografía">lexicografía</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></li> <li>Azerbaijani: <a href="/wiki/l%C3%BC%C4%9F%C9%99t%C3%A7ilik#Azerbaijani" title="lüğətçilik">lüğətçilik</a></li> <li>Belarusian: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="лексікаграфія (page does not exist)">лексікагра́фія</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr> (ljeksikahráfija)</li> <li>Bulgarian: <a href="/wiki/%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F#Bulgarian" title="лексикография">лексикогра́фия</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr> (leksikográfija)</li> <li>Catalan: <a href="/wiki/lexicografia#Catalan" title="lexicografia">lexicografia</a> <a href="https://ca.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexicografia" class="extiw" title="ca:lexicografia">(ca)</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></li> <li>Chinese: <dl><dd>Cantonese: <a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E5%85%B8%E5%AD%B8#Cantonese" title="詞典學">詞典學</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8%E5%AD%A6#Cantonese" title="词典学">词典学</a> (ci4 din2 hok6)</dd> <dd>Mandarin: <a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E5%85%B8%E5%AD%B8#Mandarin" title="詞典學">詞典學</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8%E5%AD%A6#Mandarin" title="词典学">词典学</a> <a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E5%85%B8%E5%AD%B8" class="extiw" title="zh:詞典學">(zh)</a> (cídiǎnxué), <a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%AD%E6%9B%B8%E5%AD%B8#Mandarin" title="辭書學">辭書學</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9E%E4%B9%A6%E5%AD%A6#Mandarin" title="辞书学">辞书学</a> <a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%BE%AD%E6%9B%B8%E5%AD%B8" class="extiw" title="zh:辭書學">(zh)</a> (císhūxué), <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%9E%E5%85%B8%E7%B7%A8%E8%BC%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="詞典編輯 (page does not exist)">詞典編輯</a>／<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="词典编辑 (page does not exist)">词典编辑</a> (cídiǎn biānjí)</dd></dl></li> <li>Czech: <a href="/wiki/lexikografie#Czech" title="lexikografie">lexikografie</a> <a href="https://cs.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexikografie" class="extiw" title="cs:lexikografie">(cs)</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr>, <a href="/wiki/slovn%C3%ADk%C3%A1%C5%99stv%C3%AD#Czech" title="slovníkářství">slovníkářství</a> <abbr title="neuter gender">n</abbr></li> <li>Danish: <a href="/wiki/leksikografi#Danish" title="leksikografi">leksikografi</a> <abbr title="common gender">c</abbr></li> <li>Dutch: <a href="/wiki/lexicografie#Dutch" title="lexicografie">lexicografie</a> <a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexicografie" class="extiw" title="nl:lexicografie">(nl)</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></li> <li>Esperanto: <a href="/wiki/leksikografio#Esperanto" title="leksikografio">leksikografio</a></li> <li>Estonian: <a href="/w/index.php?title=leksikograafia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="leksikograafia (page does not exist)">leksikograafia</a></li> <li>Finnish: <a href="/wiki/leksikografia#Finnish" title="leksikografia">leksikografia</a> <a href="https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/leksikografia" class="extiw" title="fi:leksikografia">(fi)</a></li> <li>French: <a href="/wiki/lexicographie#French" title="lexicographie">lexicographie</a> <a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexicographie" class="extiw" title="fr:lexicographie">(fr)</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></li> <li>Galician: <a href="/wiki/lexicograf%C3%ADa#Galician" title="lexicografía">lexicografía</a> <a href="https://gl.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexicograf%C3%ADa" class="extiw" title="gl:lexicografía">(gl)</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></li> <li>German: <a href="/wiki/Lexikographie#German" title="Lexikographie">Lexikographie</a> <a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Lexikographie" class="extiw" title="de:Lexikographie">(de)</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></li> <li>Greek: <a href="/wiki/%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AF%CE%B1#Greek" title="λεξικογραφία">λεξικογραφία</a> <a href="https://el.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AF%CE%B1" class="extiw" title="el:λεξικογραφία">(el)</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr> (lexikografía), <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%86%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="λεξικογράφηση (page does not exist)">λεξικογράφηση</a> <a href="https://el.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%86%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7" class="extiw" title="el:λεξικογράφηση">(el)</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr> (lexikográfisi)</li> <li>Hungarian: <a href="/w/index.php?title=lexikogr%C3%A1fia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="lexikográfia (page does not exist)">lexikográfia</a> <a href="https://hu.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexikogr%C3%A1fia" class="extiw" title="hu:lexikográfia">(hu)</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=sz%C3%B3t%C3%A1r%C3%ADr%C3%A1s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="szótárírás (page does not exist)">szótárírás</a> <a href="https://hu.wiktionary.org/wiki/sz%C3%B3t%C3%A1r%C3%ADr%C3%A1s" class="extiw" title="hu:szótárírás">(hu)</a></li> <li>Icelandic: <a href="/w/index.php?title=or%C3%B0ab%C3%B3karger%C3%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="orðabókargerð (page does not exist)">orðabókargerð</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=or%C3%B0ab%C3%B3kager%C3%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="orðabókagerð (page does not exist)">orðabókagerð</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></li> <li>Ido: <a href="/w/index.php?title=lexikografio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="lexikografio (page does not exist)">lexikografio</a> <a href="https://io.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexikografio" class="extiw" title="io:lexikografio">(io)</a></li> <li>Interlingua: <a href="/w/index.php?title=lexicographia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="lexicographia (page does not exist)">lexicographia</a></li> <li>Irish: <a href="/wiki/focl%C3%B3ireacht#Irish" title="foclóireacht">foclóireacht</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></li> <li>Italian: <a href="/wiki/lessicografia#Italian" title="lessicografia">lessicografia</a> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/lessicografia" class="extiw" title="it:lessicografia">(it)</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></li> <li>Japanese: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%9E%E6%9B%B8%E7%B7%A8%E9%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="辞書編集 (page does not exist)">辞書編集</a> (じしょへんしゅう, jisho henshū), <a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9E%E6%9B%B8%E5%AD%A6#Japanese" title="辞書学">辞書学</a> (じしょがく, jishogaku)</li> <li>Kazakh: <a href="/wiki/%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F#Kazakh" title="лексикография">лексикография</a> (leksikografiä), <a href="/wiki/%D1%81%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC#Kazakh" title="сөздікжасам">сөздікжасам</a> (sözdıkjasam)</li> <li>Khmer: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វចនលេខន៍ (page does not exist)">វចនលេខន៍</a> <a href="https://km.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%8D" class="extiw" title="km:វចនលេខន៍">(km)</a> (vaj ja nak lek)</li> <li>Korean: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="사전학 (page does not exist)">사전학(詞典學)</a> <a href="https://ko.wiktionary.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99" class="extiw" title="ko:사전학">(ko)</a> (sajeonhak)</li> <li>Kyrgyz: <a href="/wiki/%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F#Kyrgyz" title="лексикография">лексикография</a> (leksikografiya)</li> <li>Latin: <a href="/w/index.php?title=lexica_condere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="lexica condere (page does not exist)">lexica condere</a></li> <li>Latvian: <a href="/w/index.php?title=leksikogr%C4%81fija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="leksikogrāfija (page does not exist)">leksikogrāfija</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></li> <li>Lithuanian: <a href="/wiki/leksikografija#Lithuanian" title="leksikografija">leksikografija</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></li> <li>Macedonian: <a href="/wiki/%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0#Macedonian" title="лексикографија">лексикогра́фија</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr> (leksikográfija), <a href="/wiki/%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE#Macedonian" title="речникарство">речни́карство</a> <abbr title="neuter gender">n</abbr> (rečníkarstvo) (colloquial)</li> <li>Malay: <a href="/w/index.php?title=perkamusan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="perkamusan (page does not exist)">perkamusan</a>, <a href="/wiki/leksikografi#Malay" title="leksikografi">leksikografi</a> <a href="https://ms.wiktionary.org/wiki/leksikografi" class="extiw" title="ms:leksikografi">(ms)</a></li> <li>Norwegian: <a href="/wiki/leksikografi#Norwegian" title="leksikografi">leksikografi</a> <a href="https://no.wiktionary.org/wiki/leksikografi" class="extiw" title="no:leksikografi">(no)</a> <abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></li> <li>Persian: <a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C#Persian" title="فرهنگ‌نویسی">فرهنگ‌نویسی</a> (farhang-nevisi)</li> <li>Polish: <a href="/wiki/leksykografia#Polish" title="leksykografia">leksykografia</a> <a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/leksykografia" class="extiw" title="pl:leksykografia">(pl)</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=s%C5%82ownikarstwo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="słownikarstwo (page does not exist)">słownikarstwo</a> <a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/s%C5%82ownikarstwo" class="extiw" title="pl:słownikarstwo">(pl)</a> <abbr title="neuter gender">n</abbr></li> <li>Portuguese: <a href="/wiki/lexicografia#Portuguese" title="lexicografia">lexicografia</a> <a href="https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexicografia" class="extiw" title="pt:lexicografia">(pt)</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></li> <li>Punjabi: <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80#Punjabi" title="ਕੋਸ਼ਕਾਰੀ">ਕੋਸ਼ਕਾਰੀ</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr> (kośkārī)</li> <li>Romanian: <a href="/wiki/lexicografie#Romanian" title="lexicografie">lexicografie</a> <a href="https://ro.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexicografie" class="extiw" title="ro:lexicografie">(ro)</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></li> <li>Russian: <a href="/wiki/%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F#Russian" title="лексикография">лексикогра́фия</a> <a href="https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="ru:лексикография">(ru)</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr> (leksikográfija)</li> <li>Scottish Gaelic: <a href="/wiki/faclaireachd#Scottish_Gaelic" title="faclaireachd">faclaireachd</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></li> <li>Serbo-Croatian: <dl><dd>Cyrillic: <a href="/wiki/%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0#Serbo-Croatian" title="лексикографија">лексикогра̀фија</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></dd> <dd>Roman: <a href="/wiki/leksikografija#Serbo-Croatian" title="leksikografija">leksikogràfija</a> <a href="https://sh.wiktionary.org/wiki/leksikografija" class="extiw" title="sh:leksikografija">(sh)</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></dd></dl></li> <li>Spanish: <a href="/wiki/lexicograf%C3%ADa#Spanish" title="lexicografía">lexicografía</a> <a href="https://es.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexicograf%C3%ADa" class="extiw" title="es:lexicografía">(es)</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></li> <li>Swahili: <a href="/wiki/leksikografia#Swahili" title="leksikografia">leksikografia</a> class <abbr class="noun-class" title="noun class 9/10">9/10</abbr></li> <li>Swedish: <a href="/wiki/lexikografi#Swedish" title="lexikografi">lexikografi</a> <a href="https://sv.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexikografi" class="extiw" title="sv:lexikografi">(sv)</a> <abbr title="gender incomplete">?</abbr></li> <li>Tagalog: <a href="/wiki/leksikograpiya#Tagalog" title="leksikograpiya">leksikograpiya</a></li> <li>Tamil: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="பேரகரமுதலி (page does not exist)">பேரகரமுதலி</a> <a href="https://ta.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF" class="extiw" title="ta:பேரகரமுதலி">(ta)</a> (pērakaramutali)</li> <li>Turkish: <a href="/w/index.php?title=s%C3%B6zl%C3%BCkbilim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="sözlükbilim (page does not exist)">sözlükbilim</a> <a href="https://tr.wiktionary.org/wiki/s%C3%B6zl%C3%BCkbilim" class="extiw" title="tr:sözlükbilim">(tr)</a>, <a href="/wiki/s%C3%B6zl%C3%BCk%C3%A7%C3%BCl%C3%BCk#Turkish" title="sözlükçülük">sözlükçülük</a> <a href="https://tr.wiktionary.org/wiki/s%C3%B6zl%C3%BCk%C3%A7%C3%BCl%C3%BCk" class="extiw" title="tr:sözlükçülük">(tr)</a>, <a href="/wiki/leksikografi#Turkish" title="leksikografi">leksikografi</a> <a href="https://tr.wiktionary.org/wiki/leksikografi" class="extiw" title="tr:leksikografi">(tr)</a></li> <li>Ukrainian: <a href="/wiki/%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F#Ukrainian" title="лексикографія">лексикогра́фія</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr> (leksykohráfija), <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="словникарство (page does not exist)">словника́рство</a> <abbr title="neuter gender">n</abbr> (slovnykárstvo)</li> <li>Uzbek: <a href="/wiki/lug%CA%BBatchilik#Uzbek" title="lugʻatchilik">lugʻatchilik</a> <a href="https://uz.wiktionary.org/wiki/lug%CA%BBatchilik" class="extiw" title="uz:lugʻatchilik">(uz)</a></li> <li>Vietnamese: <a href="/w/index.php?title=t%E1%BB%AB_%C4%91i%E1%BB%83n_h%E1%BB%8Dc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="từ điển học (page does not exist)">từ điển học</a> <a href="https://vi.wiktionary.org/wiki/t%E1%BB%AB_%C4%91i%E1%BB%83n_h%E1%BB%8Dc" class="extiw" title="vi:từ điển học">(vi)</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E5%85%B8%E5%AD%B8#Vietnamese" title="詞典學">詞典學</a>)</li> <li>Welsh: <a href="/w/index.php?title=geiriadureg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="geiriadureg (page does not exist)">geiriadureg</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=geiriaduraeth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="geiriaduraeth (page does not exist)">geiriaduraeth</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <div class="NavFrame" id="Translations-scholarly_discipline_of_analyzing_and_describing_lexical_relationships_and_developing_dictionary_structures"><div class="NavHead" style="text-align:left">scholarly discipline of analyzing and describing lexical relationships and developing dictionary structures</div><div class="NavContent"><table class="translations" role="presentation" data-gloss="scholarly discipline of analyzing and describing lexical relationships and developing dictionary structures"><tbody><tr><td class="translations-cell multicolumn-list" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r81584270"> <ul><li>Bulgarian: <a href="/wiki/%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F#Bulgarian" title="лексикография">лексикогра́фия</a> (leksikográfija)</li> <li>Icelandic: <a href="/w/index.php?title=or%C3%B0ab%C3%B3kafr%C3%A6%C3%B0i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="orðabókafræði (page does not exist)">orðabókafræði</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=or%C3%B0ab%C3%B3karfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="orðabókarfræði (page does not exist)">orðabókarfræði</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></li> <li>Macedonian: <a href="/wiki/%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0#Macedonian" title="лексикографија">лексикогра́фија</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr> (leksikográfija)</li> <li>Serbo-Croatian: <dl><dd>Cyrillic: <a href="/wiki/%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0#Serbo-Croatian" title="лексикографија">лексикогра̀фија</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></dd> <dd>Roman: <a href="/wiki/leksikografija#Serbo-Croatian" title="leksikografija">leksikogràfija</a> <a href="https://sh.wiktionary.org/wiki/leksikografija" class="extiw" title="sh:leksikografija">(sh)</a> <abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></dd></dl></li> <li>Swedish: <a href="/wiki/lexikografi#Swedish" title="lexikografi">lexikografi</a> <a href="https://sv.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexikografi" class="extiw" title="sv:lexikografi">(sv)</a> <abbr title="common gender">c</abbr></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=lexicography&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"> ^ </a> Compare “<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/107779">lexicography, n.</a>”, in <cite><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary#Electronic_versions" class="extiw" title="w:Oxford English Dictionary">OED Online</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Lock-red.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paid subscription required"><img alt="Paid subscription required" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Lock-red.svg/8px-Lock-red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Lock-red.svg/12px-Lock-red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Lock-red.svg/16px-Lock-red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a>⁠</cite>, Oxford: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" class="extiw" title="w:Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 1902; “<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/https://www.lexico.com/definition/lexicography">lexicography, n.</a>”, in <cite><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexico" class="extiw" title="w:Lexico">Lexico</a></cite>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary.com" class="extiw" title="w:Dictionary.com">Dictionary.com</a>; <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" class="extiw" title="w:Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 2019–2022. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=lexicography&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/lexicography" title="w:lexicography"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/15px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/23px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/30px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/lexicography" class="extiw" title="w:lexicography">lexicography</a> on Wikipedia.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/lexicography" class="extiw" title="w:lexicography">Wikipedia </a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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id="p-lang" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-lang-label" > <h3 id="p-lang-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > In other languages </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexicography" title="lexicography – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="lexicography" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexicography" title="lexicography – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="lexicography" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexicography" title="lexicography – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="lexicography" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexicography" title="lexicography – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="lexicography" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexicography" title="lexicography – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="lexicography" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexicography" title="lexicography – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="lexicography" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexicography" title="lexicography – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="lexicography" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexicography" title="lexicography – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="lexicography" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexicography" title="lexicography – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="lexicography" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexicography" title="lexicography – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="lexicography" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexicography" title="lexicography – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="lexicography" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexicography" title="lexicography – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="lexicography" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexicography" title="lexicography – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="lexicography" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexicography" title="lexicography – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="lexicography" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexicography" title="lexicography – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="lexicography" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexicography" title="lexicography – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="lexicography" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexicography" title="lexicography – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="lexicography" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexicography" title="lexicography – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="lexicography" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexicography" title="lexicography – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="lexicography" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexicography" title="lexicography – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="lexicography" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexicography" title="lexicography – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="lexicography" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexicography" title="lexicography – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="lexicography" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexicography" title="lexicography – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="lexicography" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexicography" title="lexicography – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="lexicography" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexicography" title="lexicography – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="lexicography" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexicography" title="lexicography – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="lexicography" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexicography" title="lexicography – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="lexicography" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexicography" title="lexicography – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="lexicography" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/lexicography" title="lexicography – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="lexicography" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 28 October 2024, at 04:06.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Definitions and other text are available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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