CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>P. V. Narasimha Rao - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"7f387046-07cd-4c9c-afbc-cc0e3b7f4f73","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"P._V._Narasimha_Rao","wgTitle":"P. V. Narasimha Rao","wgCurRevisionId":1276579832,"wgRevisionId":1276579832,"wgArticleId":33652726,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list","CS1 maint: others","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from July 2012","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use Indian English from September 2024","All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English","Use dmy dates from September 2024","Articles with hCards", "All articles lacking reliable references","Articles lacking reliable references from April 2020","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from June 2021","Commons category link from Wikidata","Articles with Open Library links","People appearing on C-SPAN","P. V. Narasimha Rao","1921 births","2004 deaths","Prime ministers of India","Union ministers from United Andhra Pradesh","Chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh","Founders of Indian schools and colleges","Indian National Congress politicians from Andhra Pradesh","Indian Hindus","People from Karimnagar","Presidents of the Indian National Congress","Rao administration","Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University alumni","University of Mumbai alumni","India MPs 1977–1979","India MPs 1980–1984","India MPs 1984–1989","India MPs 1989–1991","India MPs 1991–1996","India MPs 1996–1997","Indian male novelists","20th-century Indian novelists","20th-century Indian lawyers", "Lok Sabha members from Maharashtra","Lok Sabha members from Andhra Pradesh","Lok Sabha members from Odisha","Osmania University alumni","Chief ministers from Indian National Congress","Fergusson College alumni","Heads of government who were later imprisoned","Ministers of defence of India","Law ministers of India","Recipients of the Bharat Ratna","Ministers of education of India","Ministers for external affairs of India","Ministers of internal affairs of India","Commerce and industry ministers of India","20th-century prime ministers of India","Members of the Cabinet of India","Health ministers of India","Indian independence activists from Telangana","People from Hanamkonda district","Telugu politicians","Telugu–Hindi translators","Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi","Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1957–1962","Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1962–1967","Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1967–1972","Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1972–1978"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext", "wgRelevantPageName":"P._V._Narasimha_Rao","wgRelevantArticleId":33652726,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q275146","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"], "GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher", "ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.18"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/P._V._Narasimha_Rao.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1294"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/P._V._Narasimha_Rao.JPG/800px-P._V._Narasimha_Rao.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="863"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/P._V._Narasimha_Rao.JPG/640px-P._V._Narasimha_Rao.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="690"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="P. V. Narasimha Rao - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-P_V_Narasimha_Rao rootpage-P_V_Narasimha_Rao skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=P.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=P.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=P.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=P.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life_and_background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life_and_background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early life and background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life_and_background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Political career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Political career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Electoral_performance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_performance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Electoral performance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_performance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prime_minister_(1991–1996)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prime_minister_(1991–1996)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Prime minister (1991–1996)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prime_minister_(1991–1996)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Prime minister (1991–1996) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Prime_minister_(1991–1996)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Economic_reforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_reforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Economic reforms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_reforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_security,_foreign_policy_and_crisis_management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_security,_foreign_policy_and_crisis_management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>National security, foreign policy and crisis management</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_security,_foreign_policy_and_crisis_management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_crisis_and_initiation_of_liberalisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_crisis_and_initiation_of_liberalisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Economic crisis and initiation of liberalisation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_crisis_and_initiation_of_liberalisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indian_nuclear_programme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indian_nuclear_programme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Indian nuclear programme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indian_nuclear_programme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Handling_of_separatist_movements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Handling_of_separatist_movements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Handling of separatist movements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Handling_of_separatist_movements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Babri_Mosque_demolition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Babri_Mosque_demolition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Babri Mosque demolition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Babri_Mosque_demolition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latur_earthquake" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latur_earthquake"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Latur earthquake</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latur_earthquake-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Purulia_arms_drop_case" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Purulia_arms_drop_case"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Purulia arms drop case</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Purulia_arms_drop_case-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corruption_charges_and_acquittal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corruption_charges_and_acquittal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Corruption charges and acquittal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corruption_charges_and_acquittal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_life_and_financial_difficulties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_life_and_financial_difficulties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Later life and financial difficulties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_life_and_financial_difficulties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Awards and honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Biographical_and_political_evaluation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biographical_and_political_evaluation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Biographical and political evaluation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biographical_and_political_evaluation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literary_achievements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_achievements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Literary achievements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literary_achievements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Centenary_celebrations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Centenary_celebrations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Centenary celebrations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Centenary_celebrations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">P. V. Narasimha Rao</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 54 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88" title="بي في ناراسيمها راو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بي في ناراسيمها راو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B9_%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93" title="পি ভি নৰসিংহ ৰাও – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পি ভি নৰসিংহ ৰাও" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF._%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF._%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B9_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93" title="পি. ভি. নরসিংহ রাও – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পি. ভি. নরসিংহ রাও" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="P. V. Narasimha Rao" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamulaparti_Venkata_Narasimha_Rao" title="Pamulaparti Venkata Narasimha Rao – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pamulaparti Venkata Narasimha Rao" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="P. V. Narasimha Rao" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="P. V. Narasimha Rao" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="P. V. Narasimha Rao" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamulaparthi_Venkata_Narasimha_Rao" title="Pamulaparthi Venkata Narasimha Rao – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pamulaparthi Venkata Narasimha Rao" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="P. V. Narasimha Rao" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C.%D9%88%DB%8C._%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88" title="پی.وی. ناراسیما رائو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پی.وی. ناراسیما رائو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamulaparthi_Venkata_Narasimha_Rao" title="Pamulaparthi Venkata Narasimha Rao – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pamulaparthi Venkata Narasimha Rao" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%80.%E0%AA%B5%E0%AB%80._%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%B9_%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B5" title="પી.વી. નરસિંહ રાવ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પી.વી. નરસિંહ રાવ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B9_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5" title="पी वी नरसिंह राव – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="पी वी नरसिंह राव" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._V._%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC%EC%8B%AC%ED%95%98_%EB%9D%BC%EC%98%A4" title="P. V. 나라심하 라오 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="P. V. 나라심하 라오" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A5%B0_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A5%B0_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5" title="पी॰ वी॰ नरसिम्हा राव – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पी॰ वी॰ नरसिम्हा राव" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamulaparthi_Venkata_Narasimha_Rao" title="Pamulaparthi Venkata Narasimha Rao – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pamulaparthi Venkata Narasimha Rao" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/P.V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P.V. Narasimha Rao – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="P.V. Narasimha Rao" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamulaparthi_Venkata_Narasimha_Rao" title="Pamulaparthi Venkata Narasimha Rao – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pamulaparthi Venkata Narasimha Rao" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%22%D7%95_%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%94_%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%95" title="פ"ו נרסימהה ראו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פ"ו נרסימהה ראו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BF.%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF.%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D" title="ಪಿ.ವಿ.ನರಸಿಂಹರಾವ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪಿ.ವಿ.ನರಸಿಂಹರಾವ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5" title="पिभी नरसिम्हा राव – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="पिभी नरसिम्हा राव" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF.%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF._%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B9_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%81" title="പി.വി. നരസിംഹ റാവു – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പി.വി. നരസിംഹ റാവു" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80.%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80._%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5" title="पी.व्ही. नरसिंहराव – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पी.व्ही. नरसिंहराव" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C.%D9%88%DB%8C._%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88" title="پی.وی. ناراسیما رائو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پی.وی. ناراسیما رائو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Нарасима Рао – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нарасима Рао" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narasimha_Rao" title="Narasimha Rao – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Narasimha Rao" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80._%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80._%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B9_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5" title="पी. वी. नरसिंह राव – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पी. वी. नरसिंह राव" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%8F%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AA" title="ナラシンハ・ラーオ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ナラシンハ・ラーオ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/P.V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P.V. Narasimha Rao – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="P.V. Narasimha Rao" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BF._%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BF._%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%82%E0%AC%B9_%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%93" title="ପି. ଭି. ନରସିଂହ ରାଓ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପି. ଭି. ନରସିଂହ ରାଓ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80._%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80._%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93" title="ਪੀ. ਵੀ. ਨਰਸਿਮਹਾ ਰਾਓ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੀ. ਵੀ. ਨਰਸਿਮਹਾ ਰਾਓ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%81%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A4" title="نرسمہا راؤ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نرسمہا راؤ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/P.V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P.V. Narasimha Rao – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="P.V. Narasimha Rao" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="P. V. Narasimha Rao" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="P. V. Narasimha Rao" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="P. V. Narasimha Rao" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%85%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BE,_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Нарасимха Рао, Памулапарти Венката – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нарасимха Рао, Памулапарти Венката" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B9_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D" title="पी वी नरसिंह राव् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पी वी नरसिंह राव्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A3" title="ᱯᱤ ᱵᱷᱤ ᱱᱚᱨᱥᱤᱢᱦᱟ ᱨᱟᱣ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱤ ᱵᱷᱤ ᱱᱚᱨᱥᱤᱢᱦᱟ ᱨᱟᱣ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%81%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A4" title="نرسمہا راؤ – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="نرسمہا راؤ" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="P. V. Narasimha Rao" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="P. V. Narasimha Rao" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Нарасима Рао – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нарасима Рао" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="P. V. Narasimha Rao" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/P.V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P.V. Narasimha Rao – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="P.V. Narasimha Rao" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF._%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF._%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE_%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8D" title="பி. வி. நரசிம்ம ராவ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பி. வி. நரசிம்ம ராவ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%9F_%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%81" title="పాములపర్తి వెంకట నరసింహారావు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పాములపర్తి వెంకట నరసింహారావు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%85%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Нарасимха Рао – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Нарасимха Рао" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%85%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Памулапарті Венката Нарасімха Рао – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Памулапарті Венката Нарасімха Рао" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%81%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A4" title="پی وی نرسمہا راؤ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پی وی نرسمہا راؤ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="P. V. Narasimha Rao" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="P. V. Narasimha Rao" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E6%8B%89%E8%BE%9B%E5%93%88%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%A5%A5" title="纳拉辛哈·拉奥 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="纳拉辛哈·拉奥" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q275146#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:P._V._Narasimha_Rao" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&oldid=1276579832" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&id=1276579832&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FP._V._Narasimha_Rao"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FP._V._Narasimha_Rao"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:P._V._Narasimha_Rao" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q275146" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prime Minister of India from 1991 to 1996</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Narsimha Rao" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Narasimha_Rao" title="Narasimha Rao">Narasimha Rao</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">P. V. Narasimha Rao</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:P._V._Narasimha_Rao.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="P. V. Narasimha Rao" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/P._V._Narasimha_Rao.JPG/220px-P._V._Narasimha_Rao.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/P._V._Narasimha_Rao.JPG/330px-P._V._Narasimha_Rao.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/P._V._Narasimha_Rao.JPG/440px-P._V._Narasimha_Rao.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1049" data-file-height="1131" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Prime Minister Rao in 1992</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />21 June 1991 – 16 May 1996</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramaswamy_Venkataraman" title="Ramaswamy Venkataraman">Ramaswamy Venkataraman</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shankar_Dayal_Sharma" title="Shankar Dayal Sharma">Shankar Dayal Sharma</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Vice President</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Shankar Dayal Sharma</li><li><a href="/wiki/K._R._Narayanan" title="K. R. Narayanan">K. R. Narayanan</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar" title="Chandra Shekhar">Chandra Shekhar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Additional ministries</div></th> </tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />21 June 1991 – 16 May 1996</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Ministry and Departments</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Personnel,_Public_Grievances_and_Pensions" title="Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions">Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Space" title="Department of Space">Department of Space</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Atomic_Energy" title="Department of Atomic Energy">Department of Atomic Energy</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Chandra Shekhar</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Atal Bihari Vajpayee </td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(India)" title="Minister of Defence (India)">Union Minister of Defence</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />6 March 1993 – 16 May 1996</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Himself</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shankarrao_Chavan" title="Shankarrao Chavan">Shankarrao Chavan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pramod_Mahajan" title="Pramod Mahajan">Pramod Mahajan</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />31 December 1984 – 25 September 1985</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Rajiv Gandhi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Shankarrao Chavan</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Minister of External Affairs (India)">Union Minister of External Affairs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />31 March 1992 – 18 January 1994</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Himself</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Madhavsinh_Solanki" class="mw-redirect" title="Madhavsinh Solanki">Madhavsinh Solanki</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dinesh_Singh_(politician,_born_1925)" title="Dinesh Singh (politician, born 1925)">Dinesh Singh</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />25 June 1988 – 2 December 1989</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Rajiv Gandhi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Rajiv Gandhi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/V._P._Singh" title="V. P. Singh">V. P. Singh</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />14 January 1980 – 19 July 1984</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shyam_Nandan_Prasad_Mishra" title="Shyam Nandan Prasad Mishra">Shyam Nandan Prasad Mishra</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Indira Gandhi</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Minister of Home Affairs (India)">Union Minister of Home Affairs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />12 March 1986 – 12 May 1986</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Rajiv Gandhi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Shankarrao Chavan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sardar_Buta_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardar Buta Singh">Sardar Buta Singh</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />19 July 1984 – 31 December 1984</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Indira Gandhi</li><li>Rajiv Gandhi</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Prakash_Chandra_Sethi" title="Prakash Chandra Sethi">Prakash Chandra Sethi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Shankarrao Chavan</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh">Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />30 September 1971 – 10 January 1973</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Governor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Khandubhai_Kasanji_Desai" title="Khandubhai Kasanji Desai">Khandubhai Kasanji Desai</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kasu_Brahmananda_Reddy" title="Kasu Brahmananda Reddy">Kasu Brahmananda Reddy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/President%27s_rule" title="President's rule">President's rule</a></i></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Lok_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha">Member of Parliament</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />15 May 1996 – 4 December 1997</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gopinath_Gajapati" title="Gopinath Gajapati">Gopinath Gajapati</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jayanti_Patnaik" title="Jayanti Patnaik">Jayanti Patnaik</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Berhampur_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Berhampur (Lok Sabha constituency)">Brahmapur, Odisha</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />20 June 1991 – 10 May 1996</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gangula_Prathapa_Reddy" class="mw-redirect" title="Gangula Prathapa Reddy">Gangula Prathapa Reddy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bhuma_Nagi_Reddy" title="Bhuma Nagi Reddy">Bhuma Nagi Reddy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nandyal_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nandyal (Lok Sabha constituency)">Nandyal, Andhra Pradesh</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />31 December 1984 – 13 March 1991</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Barve Jatiram Chitaram</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Tejsinghrao Bhosle</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ramtek_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramtek (Lok Sabha constituency)">Ramtek, Maharashtra</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />23 March 1977 – 31 December 1984</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Constituency established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chendupatla_Janga_Reddy" class="mw-redirect" title="Chendupatla Janga Reddy">Chendupatla Janga Reddy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hanamkonda_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanamkonda (Lok Sabha constituency)">Hanamkonda, Andhra Pradesh</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Legislative_Assembly_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Legislative Assembly (India)">Member</a> of <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly">Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1957–1977</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Gulukota Sriramulu</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Chandrupatla Narayana Reddy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Manthani_Assembly_constituency" title="Manthani Assembly constituency">Manthani</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1921-06-28</span>)</span>28 June 1921<br /><a href="/wiki/Laknepalli" title="Laknepalli">Laknepalli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_State" title="Hyderabad State">Hyderabad State</a>, British India <br /> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a>, India)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">23 December 2004<span style="display:none">(2004-12-23)</span> (aged 83)<br /><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, India <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Monuments</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Raj_Ghat_and_associated_memorials" title="Raj Ghat and associated memorials">Gyan Bhumi</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Satyamma</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1931; died 1970)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">8, including <a href="/wiki/P._V._Rajeshwar_Rao" title="P. V. Rajeshwar Rao">P. V. Rajeshwar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surabhi_Vani_Devi" title="Surabhi Vani Devi">Surabhi Vani Devi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Osmania_University" title="Osmania University">Osmania University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Mumbai" title="University of Mumbai">University of Mumbai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagpur University">Nagpur University</a> (<a href="/wiki/LL.M." class="mw-redirect" title="LL.M.">LL.M.</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Lawyer</li><li>politician</li><li>writer</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Ratna" title="Bharat Ratna">Bharat Ratna</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Pamulaparthi Venkata Narasimha Rao</b> (28 June 1921 – 23 December 2004) was an Indian lawyer, nationalist,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> statesman, and politician from the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Congress Party</a> who served as the <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of India">prime minister of India</a> from 1991 to 1996. He was the first person from <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South India</a> and second person from a non-<a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> speaking background to be prime minister. He is especially known for introducing various measures to <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalisation_in_India" title="Economic liberalisation in India">open up India's economy</a> to rescue the country from going towards bankruptcy during the <a href="/wiki/1991_Indian_economic_crisis" title="1991 Indian economic crisis">economic crisis of 1991</a> to make <a href="/wiki/Public_sector" title="Public sector">public sector</a> and <a href="/wiki/Private_sector" title="Private sector">private sector</a> competitive.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Narasimha_Rao_was_father_of_economic_reform:_Pranab_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Narasimha_Rao_was_father_of_economic_reform:_Pranab-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Future prime ministers continued the economic reform policies pioneered by Rao's government.<sup id="cite_ref-Reforming_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reforming-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DNAArticle_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNAArticle-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to his premiership, he served as the <a href="/wiki/Chief_minister_of_Andhra_Pradesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief minister of Andhra Pradesh">chief minister of Andhra Pradesh</a>, and later also held high order portfolios of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">union government</a>, such as Defence, Home Affairs and External Affairs. In <a href="/wiki/1991_Indian_general_election" title="1991 Indian general election">1991 Indian general election</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> led by him won 244 seats and thereafter he along with external support from other parties formed a minority government with him being the prime minister. As prime minister, Rao adopted to avert the impending <a href="/wiki/1991_Indian_economic_crisis" title="1991 Indian economic crisis">1991 economic crisis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Narasimha_Rao_was_father_of_economic_reform:_Pranab_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Narasimha_Rao_was_father_of_economic_reform:_Pranab-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ghosh_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ghosh-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the reforms progressed furthest in the areas of opening up to <a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment" title="Foreign direct investment">foreign investment</a>, reforming <a href="/wiki/Capital_markets" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital markets">capital markets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deregulation" title="Deregulation">deregulating</a> domestic business, and reforming the trade regime. Trade reforms and changes in the regulation of <a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment" title="Foreign direct investment">foreign direct investment</a> were introduced to open India to foreign trade while stabilising external loans.<sup id="cite_ref-Time_To_Tune_In_To_FM_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time_To_Tune_In_To_FM-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rao also made diplomatic overtures to Western Europe, the United States, and China.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He energised the national <a href="/wiki/India_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="India and weapons of mass destruction">nuclear security</a> and <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Guided_Missile_Development_Programme" title="Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme">ballistic missiles</a> programme. </p><p>In 2024, he was posthumously awarded the <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Ratna" title="Bharat Ratna">Bharat Ratna</a>, India's highest <a href="/wiki/Civilian_award" class="mw-redirect" title="Civilian award">civilian award</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_background">Early life and background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>P. V. Narasimha Rao was born on 28 June 1921 in a <a href="/wiki/Telugu_people" title="Telugu people">Telugu</a> <a href="/wiki/Niyogi_Brahmin" title="Niyogi Brahmin">Niyogi Brahmin</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReddy199335_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReddy199335-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> family in the village of <a href="/wiki/Laknepalli" title="Laknepalli">Laknepalli</a> village of <a href="/wiki/Narsampet" title="Narsampet">Narsampet</a> mandal, <a href="/wiki/Warangal_district" title="Warangal district">Warangal district</a> of present-day <a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a> (then part of <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_State" title="Hyderabad State">Hyderabad State</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReddy199335_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReddy199335-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-britannica_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-thehindu.com_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thehindu.com-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father Sitarama Rao and mother Rukma Bai hailed from agrarian families.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, he was adopted by Pamulaparthi Ranga Rao and Rukminamma and brought to <a href="/wiki/Vangara,_Hanamkonda_district" title="Vangara, Hanamkonda district">Vangara</a>, a village in <a href="/wiki/Bheemadevarpalle" title="Bheemadevarpalle">Bheemadevarpalle</a> mandal of present-day <a href="/wiki/Hanamkonda_district" title="Hanamkonda district">Hanamkonda district</a> in Telangana when he was three years old.<sup id="cite_ref-thehindu.com_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thehindu.com-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-britannica_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESitapati2016_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESitapati2016-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Popularly known as P. V., he completed part of his primary education in Katkuru village of Bheemdevarapalli mandal in <a href="/wiki/Hanamkonda_district" title="Hanamkonda district">Hanamkonda district</a> by staying in his relative Gabbeta Radhakishan Rao's house and studying for his <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degree</a> in the Arts college at the <a href="/wiki/Osmania_University" title="Osmania University">Osmania University</a>. He was part of Vande Mataram movement in the late 1930s in the Hyderabad State. He later went on to <a href="/wiki/Hislop_College" title="Hislop College">Hislop College</a>, now under <a href="/wiki/Nagpur_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagpur University">Nagpur University</a>, where he completed a master's degree in law.<sup id="cite_ref-pmindia_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmindia-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He completed his law from <a href="/wiki/Fergusson_College" title="Fergusson College">Fergusson College</a> in Pune of the University of Bombay (now Mumbai).<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Along with his distant cousin <a href="/wiki/Pamulaparthi_Sadasiva_Rao" title="Pamulaparthi Sadasiva Rao">Pamulaparthi Sadasiva Rao</a>, Ch. Raja Narendra and Devulapalli Damodar Rao, P. V. edited a Telugu weekly magazine called <i>Kakatiya Patrika</i> in the 1940s.<sup id="cite_ref-kakatiya1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kakatiya1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both P. V. and Sadasiva Rao contributed articles under the pen-name <i>Jaya-Vijaya</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-kakatiya1_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kakatiya1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kakatiya2_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kakatiya2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He served as the Chairman of the Telugu Academy in Andhra Pradesh from 1968 to 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He had wide interests in a variety of subjects (other than politics) such as literature and computer software (including <a href="/wiki/Computer_programming" title="Computer programming">computer programming</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-The_meek_inheritor_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_meek_inheritor-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He spoke 17 languages.<sup id="cite_ref-PVN_–_Obituary_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PVN_–_Obituary-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-'PV':_A_scholar,_a_statesman_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-'PV':_A_scholar,_a_statesman-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rao died in 2004 of a heart attack in New Delhi. He was cremated in <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Visit_of_Narasimha_Rao,_Indian_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs,_to_the_CEC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Visit_of_Narasimha_Rao%2C_Indian_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs%2C_to_the_CEC.jpg/220px-Visit_of_Narasimha_Rao%2C_Indian_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs%2C_to_the_CEC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Visit_of_Narasimha_Rao%2C_Indian_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs%2C_to_the_CEC.jpg/330px-Visit_of_Narasimha_Rao%2C_Indian_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs%2C_to_the_CEC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Visit_of_Narasimha_Rao%2C_Indian_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs%2C_to_the_CEC.jpg/440px-Visit_of_Narasimha_Rao%2C_Indian_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs%2C_to_the_CEC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2244" data-file-height="2244" /></a><figcaption>Visit of Narasimha Rao, Indian Minister for Foreign Affairs, to the CEC</figcaption></figure> <p>Rao was an active freedom fighter during the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Independence movement">Indian Independence movement</a><sup id="cite_ref-Embassy_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Embassy-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and joined full-time politics after independence as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmindia_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmindia-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He served as an elected representative for Andhra Pradesh State Assembly from 1957 to 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He served in various ministerial positions in Andhra government from 1962 to 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became the <a href="/wiki/Chief_minister_of_Andhra_Pradesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief minister of Andhra Pradesh">Chief minister of Andhra Pradesh</a> in 1971 and implemented land reforms and land ceiling acts strictly.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He secured reservation for lower castes in politics during his tenure.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_14-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President's rule had to be imposed to counter the <a href="/wiki/Jai_Andhra_movement" title="Jai Andhra movement">Jai Andhra movement</a> during his tenure.<sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He supported <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a> in formation of New Congress party in 1969 by splitting the Indian National Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_14-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was later regrouped as Congress (I) party in 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_14-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He served as Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha from Andhra Pradesh.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_14-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He rose to national prominence for handling several diverse portfolios, most significantly <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Minister of Home Affairs (India)">Home</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(India)" title="Minister of Defence (India)">Defence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (India)">Foreign Affairs</a>, in the cabinets of both Indira Gandhi and <a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmindia_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmindia-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He served as Foreign minister from 1980 to 1984 and then from 1988 to 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_14-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fact, it is speculated that he was in the running for the post of <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">India's President</a> along with <a href="/wiki/Zail_Singh" title="Zail Singh">Zail Singh</a> in 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (April 2020)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Rao very nearly retired from politics in 1991. He was Indian National Congress President from 29 May' 1991– Sept.1996. It was the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi">assassination of the Congress President Rajiv Gandhi</a> that persuaded him to make a comeback.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the Congress had won the largest number of seats in the <a href="/wiki/1991_Indian_general_election#1991" title="1991 Indian general election">1991 elections</a>, he had an opportunity to head the <a href="/wiki/Minority_government" title="Minority government">minority government</a> as Prime Minister. He was the first person outside the <a href="/wiki/Nehru%E2%80%93Gandhi_family" title="Nehru–Gandhi family">Nehru–Gandhi family</a> to serve as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a> for five continuous years, the first to hail from the State of <a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also the first from <a href="/wiki/Southern_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern India">Southern India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Reforming_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reforming-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since Rao had not contested the general elections, he then participated in a by-election in <a href="/wiki/Nandyal_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nandyal (Lok Sabha constituency)">Nandyal</a> to join the parliament. Rao won from Nandyal with a victory margin of a record 5 lakh (500,000) votes and his win was recorded in the <a href="/wiki/Guinness_Book_Of_World_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinness Book Of World Records">Guinness Book Of World Records</a>; later on, in 1996, he was MP from Berhampur, Ganjam District, Odisha.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His cabinet included <a href="/wiki/Sharad_Pawar" title="Sharad Pawar">Sharad Pawar</a>, himself a strong contender for the Prime Minister's post, as <a href="/wiki/Defence_Ministers_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Defence Ministers of India">Defence Minister</a>. He also broke a convention by appointing a non-political economist and future prime minister, <a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a> as his <a href="/wiki/Finance_Minister_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Finance Minister of India">Finance Minister</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cabinet1_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabinet1-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cabinet2_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabinet2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also appointed <a href="/wiki/Subramanian_Swamy" title="Subramanian Swamy">Subramanian Swamy</a>, an opposition party (<a href="/wiki/Janata_Party" title="Janata Party">Janata Party</a>) member as the Chairman of the Commission on Labour Standards and International Trade. This has been the only instance that an opposition party member was given a Cabinet rank post by the ruling party. He also sent opposition leader <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a>, to represent India in a UN meeting at Geneva.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Narasimha Rao fought and won elections from different parts of India such as <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a>, Maharashtra and <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ramtek_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ramtek-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-orissa_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-orissa-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electoral_performance">Electoral performance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Electoral performance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ccc;"> <td><b>#</b> </td> <td><b>Position</b> </td> <td><b>Took office</b> </td> <td><b>Left office</b> </td> <td><b>Constituency</b> </td> <td><b>State</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Legislative_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Legislative Assembly">Member of Legislative Assembly</a> </td> <td>1957 </td> <td>1977 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manthani_(Assembly_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Manthani (Assembly constituency)">Manthani</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a><sup id="cite_ref-AndhraSplit_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AndhraSplit-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Lok_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha">Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha</a> </td> <td>1977 </td> <td>1980 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hanamkonda_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanamkonda (Lok Sabha constituency)">Hanamkonda</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a><sup id="cite_ref-AndhraSplit_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AndhraSplit-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Lok_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha">Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha</a> </td> <td>1980 </td> <td>1984 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hanamkonda_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanamkonda (Lok Sabha constituency)">Hanamkonda</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a><sup id="cite_ref-AndhraSplit_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AndhraSplit-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Lok_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha">Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha</a> </td> <td>1984 </td> <td>1989 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ramtek_Lok_Sabha_constituency" title="Ramtek Lok Sabha constituency">Ramtek</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Lok_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha">Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha</a> </td> <td>1989 </td> <td>1991 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ramtek_Lok_Sabha_constituency" title="Ramtek Lok Sabha constituency">Ramtek</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Lok_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha">Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha</a> </td> <td>1991 </td> <td>1996 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nandyal_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nandyal (Lok Sabha constituency)">Nandyal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Lok_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha">Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha</a> </td> <td>1996 </td> <td>1997 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Berhampur_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Berhampur (Lok Sabha constituency)">Berhmapur</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Then <a href="/wiki/United_Andhra_Pradesh" class="mw-redirect" title="United Andhra Pradesh">United Andhra Pradesh</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AndhraSplit-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AndhraSplit_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AndhraSplit_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AndhraSplit_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> On 2 June 2014, <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a> was split to form two separate states. Both <a href="/wiki/Manthani_(Assembly_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Manthani (Assembly constituency)">Manthani (Assembly constituency)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hanamkonda_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanamkonda (Lok Sabha constituency)">Hanamkonda (Lok Sabha constituency)</a> are now in the present-day state of <a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prime_minister_(1991–1996)"><span id="Prime_minister_.281991.E2.80.931996.29"></span>Prime minister (1991–1996)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Prime minister (1991–1996)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_reforms">Economic reforms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Economic reforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalisation_in_India" title="Economic liberalisation in India">Economic liberalisation in India</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/1991_Indian_economic_crisis" title="1991 Indian economic crisis">1991 Indian economic crisis</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pamulaparti_Venkata_Narasimha_Rao_Addressing_-_Inaugural_Function_-_National_Science_Centre_-_New_Delhi_1992-01-09_247.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Pamulaparti_Venkata_Narasimha_Rao_Addressing_-_Inaugural_Function_-_National_Science_Centre_-_New_Delhi_1992-01-09_247.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Pamulaparti_Venkata_Narasimha_Rao_Addressing_-_Inaugural_Function_-_National_Science_Centre_-_New_Delhi_1992-01-09_247.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Pamulaparti_Venkata_Narasimha_Rao_Addressing_-_Inaugural_Function_-_National_Science_Centre_-_New_Delhi_1992-01-09_247.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Pamulaparti_Venkata_Narasimha_Rao_Addressing_-_Inaugural_Function_-_National_Science_Centre_-_New_Delhi_1992-01-09_247.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Pamulaparti_Venkata_Narasimha_Rao_Addressing_-_Inaugural_Function_-_National_Science_Centre_-_New_Delhi_1992-01-09_247.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Pamulaparti_Venkata_Narasimha_Rao_Addressing_-_Inaugural_Function_-_National_Science_Centre_-_New_Delhi_1992-01-09_247.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5654" data-file-height="3714" /></a><figcaption>Rao addressing the inaugural function at National Science Centre, New Delhi in 1992</figcaption></figure> <p>Adopted to avert the impending <a href="/wiki/1991_Indian_economic_crisis" title="1991 Indian economic crisis">1991 economic crisis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Narasimha_Rao_was_father_of_economic_reform:_Pranab_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Narasimha_Rao_was_father_of_economic_reform:_Pranab-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ghosh_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ghosh-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the reforms progressed furthest in the areas of opening up to <a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment" title="Foreign direct investment">foreign investment</a>, reforming <a href="/wiki/Capital_markets" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital markets">capital markets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deregulation" title="Deregulation">deregulating</a> domestic business, and reforming the trade regime. Rao's government's goals were reducing the <a href="/wiki/Fiscal_deficit" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiscal deficit">fiscal deficit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Privatisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Privatisation">privatisation</a> of the public sector and increasing investment in infrastructure. Trade reforms and changes in the regulation of <a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment" title="Foreign direct investment">foreign direct investment</a> were introduced to open India to foreign trade while stabilising external loans. Rao wanted <a href="/wiki/I._G._Patel" title="I. G. Patel">I. G. Patel</a> as his <a href="/wiki/Finance_Minister_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Finance Minister of India">Finance Minister</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Time_To_Tune_In_To_FM_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time_To_Tune_In_To_FM-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Patel was an official who helped prepare 14 budgets, an ex-governor of the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a> and had headed <a href="/wiki/The_London_School_of_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="The London School of Economics">The London School of Economics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Time_To_Tune_In_To_FM_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time_To_Tune_In_To_FM-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But Patel declined. Rao then chose <a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a> for the job. Manmohan Singh, an acclaimed economist, played a central role in implementing these reforms. </p><p>Major reforms in India's capital markets led to an influx of foreign portfolio investment. The major economic policies adopted by Rao include: </p> <ul><li>Abolishing in 1992 the Controller of Capital Issues which decided the prices and number of shares that firms could issue.<sup id="cite_ref-Ghosh_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ghosh-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Introducing the SEBI Act of 1992 and the Security Laws (Amendment) which gave <a href="/wiki/Securities_and_Exchange_Board_of_India" title="Securities and Exchange Board of India">SEBI</a> the legal authority to register and regulate all security market intermediaries.<sup id="cite_ref-Ghosh_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ghosh-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Opening up in 1992 of India's <a href="/wiki/Stock_market" title="Stock market">equity markets</a> to investment by foreign institutional investors and permitting Indian firms to raise capital on international markets by issuing <a href="/wiki/Global_Depository_Receipt" class="mw-redirect" title="Global Depository Receipt">Global Depository Receipts</a> (GDRs).<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Starting in 1994 of the <a href="/wiki/National_Stock_Exchange_of_India" title="National Stock Exchange of India">National Stock Exchange</a> as a computer-based trading system which served as an instrument to leverage reforms of India's other stock exchanges. The NSE emerged as India's largest exchange by 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Reducing tariffs from an average of 85 per cent to 25 per cent, and rolling back quantitative controls. (The rupee was made convertible on trade account.)<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Encouraging foreign direct investment by increasing the maximum limit on share of foreign capital in joint ventures from 40 to 51% with 100% foreign equity permitted in priority sectors.<sup id="cite_ref-Asiaweek_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Asiaweek-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Streamlining procedures for FDI approvals, and in at least 35 industries, automatically approving projects within the limits for foreign participation.<sup id="cite_ref-Ghosh_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ghosh-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The impact of these reforms may be gauged from the fact that total foreign investment (including foreign direct investment, portfolio investment, and investment raised on international capital markets) in India grew from a minuscule US$132 million in 1991–92 to $5.3 billion in 1995–96.<sup id="cite_ref-Asiaweek_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Asiaweek-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rao began industrial policy reforms with the manufacturing sector. He slashed industrial <a href="/wiki/Licensing" class="mw-redirect" title="Licensing">licensing</a>, leaving only 18 industries subject to licensing. Industrial regulation was rationalised.<sup id="cite_ref-Ghosh_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ghosh-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_security,_foreign_policy_and_crisis_management"><span id="National_security.2C_foreign_policy_and_crisis_management"></span>National security, foreign policy and crisis management</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: National security, foreign policy and crisis management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rabiya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Rabiya.jpg/220px-Rabiya.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Rabiya.jpg/330px-Rabiya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Rabiya.jpg/440px-Rabiya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>P. V. Narasimha Rao at an awards function, 1993</figcaption></figure> <p>Rao energised the national <a href="/wiki/India_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="India and weapons of mass destruction">nuclear security</a> and <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Guided_Missile_Development_Programme" title="Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme">ballistic missiles</a> programme, which ultimately resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Pokhran-II" title="Pokhran-II">1998 Pokhran nuclear tests</a>. It is speculated that the tests were actually planned in 1995, during Rao's term in office,<sup id="cite_ref-Bomb_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bomb-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that they were dropped under American pressure when the US intelligence got the whiff of it.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another view was that he purposefully leaked the information to gain time to develop and test thermonuclear device which was not yet ready.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He increased military spending, and set the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a> on course to fight the emerging threat of terrorism and insurgencies, as well as Pakistan and China's nuclear potentials. It was during his term that khalistani terrorism in the Indian state of <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab</a> was finally defeated.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also scenarios of <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_hijacking" title="Aircraft hijacking">aircraft hijackings</a>, which occurred during Rao's time ended without the government conceding the terrorists' demands.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also directed negotiations to secure the release of Doraiswamy, an <a href="/wiki/Indian_Oil_Corporation" title="Indian Oil Corporation">Indian Oil</a> executive, from <a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashmiri people">Kashmiri</a> terrorists who kidnapped him,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Liviu Radu, a Romanian diplomat posted in New Delhi in October 1991, who was kidnapped by Sikh terrorists.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rao also handled the Indian response to the occupation of the <a href="/wiki/Hazratbal" title="Hazratbal">Hazratbal</a> holy shrine in <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> by terrorists in October 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He brought the occupation to an end without damage to the shrine. Similarly, he dealt with the kidnapping of some foreign tourists by a terrorist group called <i>Al Faran</i> in Kashmir valley in 1995 effectively. Although he could not secure the release of the hostages, his policies ensured that the terrorists demands were not conceded to, and that the action of the terrorists was condemned internationally, including Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rao also made diplomatic overtures to Western Europe, the United States, and China.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He decided in 1992 to bring into the open India's relations with Israel, which had been kept covertly active for a few years during his tenure as a Foreign Minister, and permitted Israel to open an embassy in New Delhi.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He ordered the intelligence community in 1992 to start a systematic drive to draw the international community's attention to Pakistan's <a href="/wiki/State_terrorism" title="State terrorism">sponsorship of terrorism</a> against India and not to be discouraged by US efforts to undermine the exercise.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rao launched the <i><a href="/wiki/Look_East_policy_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Look East policy (India)">Look East</a></i> foreign policy, which brought India closer to <a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">ASEAN</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Rejaul_Karim_Laskar" title="Rejaul Karim Laskar">Rejaul Karim Laskar</a>, a scholar of India's foreign policy and ideologue of Rao's <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Congress Party</a>, Rao initiated the <a href="/wiki/Look_East_policy_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Look East policy (India)">Look East policy</a> with three objectives in mind, namely, to renew political contacts with the ASEAN-member nation; to increase economic interaction with South East Asia in trade, investment, science and technology, tourism, etc.; and to forge strategic and defence links with several countries of South East Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He decided to maintain a distance from the <a href="/wiki/Dalai_Lama" title="Dalai Lama">Dalai Lama</a> in order to avoid aggravating Beijing's suspicions and concerns, and made successful overtures to <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>. The 'cultivate <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>' policy was pushed through vigorously by him.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These policies paid rich dividends for India in March 1994, when <a href="/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto" title="Benazir Bhutto">Benazir Bhutto</a>'s efforts to have a resolution passed by the <a href="/wiki/UN_Human_Rights_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Human Rights Commission">UN Human Rights Commission</a> in Geneva on the human rights situation in Jammu and Kashmir failed, with opposition by China and Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rao's crisis management after 12 March <a href="/wiki/1993_Bombay_bombings" title="1993 Bombay bombings">1993 Bombay bombings</a> was highly praised. He personally visited Bombay after the blasts and after seeing evidence of Pakistani involvement in the blasts, ordered the intelligence community to invite the intelligence agencies of the US, UK and other West European countries to send their counter-terrorism experts to Bombay to examine the facts for themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_crisis_and_initiation_of_liberalisation">Economic crisis and initiation of liberalisation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Economic crisis and initiation of liberalisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rao decided that India, which in 1991 was on the brink of bankruptcy,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> would benefit from <a href="/wiki/Open_economy" title="Open economy">opening</a> its economy. He appointed economist Manmohan Singh, a former governor of the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a>, as <a href="/wiki/Finance_Minister_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Finance Minister of India">Finance Minister</a> to accomplish his goals.<sup id="cite_ref-Reforming_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reforming-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This liberalisation was criticised by many socialist nationalists at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He is often referred as 'Father of Indian Economic Reforms'.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PV Narasimha Rao: The 10th Prime Minister who changed the face of Indian economy under Rao's mandate and leadership, then finance minister Manmohan Singh launched a series of pro-globalisation reforms, including International Monetary Fund (IMF) policies, to rescue the almost-bankrupt nation from economic collapse.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indian_nuclear_programme">Indian nuclear programme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Indian nuclear programme"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kalam recalls that Rao ordered him not to test, since "the election result was quite different from what he anticipated". The BJP's <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> took over as prime minister on 16 May 1996. Narasimha Rao, Abdul Kalam and R Chidambaram went to meet the new prime minister "so that", in Kalam's telling, "the smooth takeover of such a very important programme can take place".<sup id="cite_ref-scroll.in_810874_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scroll.in_810874-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rao knew he had only one chance to test before sanctions kicked in, i.e., he could not both test conventional atomic bombs in December 1995 as well as the hydrogen bomb separately in April 1996. As <a href="/wiki/Shekhar_Gupta" title="Shekhar Gupta">Shekhar Gupta</a> – who has had unprecedented access to Rao as well as the nuclear team – speculates: "By late 1995, Rao's scientists told him that they needed six more months. They could test some weapons but not others...thermonuclear etc. So Rao began a charade of taking preliminary steps to test, without intending to test then." </p><p>National elections were scheduled for May 1996, and Rao spent the next two months campaigning. On 8 May at 21:00, Abdul Kalam was asked to immediately meet with the prime minister. Rao told him, "Kalam, be ready with the Department of Atomic Energy and your team for the N-test and I am going to Tirupati. You wait for my authorisation to go ahead with the test. DRDO-DAE teams must be ready for action." Rao energised the national nuclear security and ballistic missiles programme. His efforts resulted in the 1998 Pokhran nuclear tests. </p><p>Vajpayee said that, in May 1996, a few days after he had succeeded Rao as prime minister, "Rao told me that the bomb was ready. I only exploded it." </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Prime_Minister_Shri_P.V._Narasimha_Rao_releasing_an_onerupee_commemorative_coin_on_late_Shri_Rajiv_Gandhi_former_prime_Minister,_on_the_occasion_of_his_first_death_anniversary_in_New_Delhi_on_May_21,_1992.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/The_Prime_Minister_Shri_P.V._Narasimha_Rao_releasing_an_onerupee_commemorative_coin_on_late_Shri_Rajiv_Gandhi_former_prime_Minister%2C_on_the_occasion_of_his_first_death_anniversary_in_New_Delhi_on_May_21%2C_1992.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/The_Prime_Minister_Shri_P.V._Narasimha_Rao_releasing_an_onerupee_commemorative_coin_on_late_Shri_Rajiv_Gandhi_former_prime_Minister%2C_on_the_occasion_of_his_first_death_anniversary_in_New_Delhi_on_May_21%2C_1992.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/The_Prime_Minister_Shri_P.V._Narasimha_Rao_releasing_an_onerupee_commemorative_coin_on_late_Shri_Rajiv_Gandhi_former_prime_Minister%2C_on_the_occasion_of_his_first_death_anniversary_in_New_Delhi_on_May_21%2C_1992.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="622" /></a><figcaption>The Prime Minister Shri P.V. Narasimha Rao releasing an onerupee commemorative coin on late Shri Rajiv Gandhi former prime Minister, on the occasion of his first death anniversary in New Delhi on 21 May 1992</figcaption></figure> <p>"Saamagri tayyar hai," Rao had said. ("The ingredients are ready.") "You can go ahead." The conventional narrative at the time was that prime minister Rao had wanted to test nuclear weapons in December 1995. The Americans had caught on, and Rao had dithered – as was his wont. Three years later, prime minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee fulfilled his party's campaign promise by ordering five nuclear tests below the shimmering sands of Rajasthan.<sup id="cite_ref-scroll.in_810874_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scroll.in_810874-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Handling_of_separatist_movements">Handling of separatist movements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Handling of separatist movements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Separatist_movements_of_India" title="Separatist movements of India">Separatist movements of India</a></div> <p>Rao successfully decimated the Sikh separatist movement and neutralised Kashmiri separatist movement to a certain extent. It is said that Rao was 'solely responsible' for the decision to hold elections in Punjab, no matter how narrow the electorate base would be.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In dealing with Kashmir Rao's government was highly restrained by US government and its president Bill Clinton. Rao's government introduced the <a href="/wiki/Terrorist_and_Disruptive_Activities_(Prevention)_Act" title="Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act">Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act</a> (TADA),<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> India's first anti-terrorism legislation, and directed the Indian Army to eliminate the infiltrators from Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-Yale_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yale-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite a heavy and largely successful Army campaign, Pakistani Media accuses that the state descended into a security nightmare. Tourism and commerce were also largely disrupted. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Babri_Mosque_demolition">Babri Mosque demolition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Babri Mosque demolition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ayodhya_debate" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayodhya debate">Ayodhya debate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_Babri_Masjid" class="mw-redirect" title="Demolition of Babri Masjid">Demolition of Babri Masjid</a></div> <p>In the late 1980s, the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> (BJP) brought the <a href="/wiki/Ram_Janmabhoomi" title="Ram Janmabhoomi">Ram Janmabhoomi</a> issue to the centre stage of national politics, and the BJP and VHP began organising large-scale protests in Ayodhya and around the country. </p><p>Members of the <a href="/wiki/Vishva_Hindu_Parishad" title="Vishva Hindu Parishad">Vishva Hindu Parishad</a> (VHP) demolished the <a href="/wiki/Babri_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Babri Mosque">Babri Mosque</a> (which was constructed by Mir Baqi, a general of India's first Mughal Emperor, Babur<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) in <a href="/wiki/Ayodhya" title="Ayodhya">Ayodhya</a> on 6 December 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The site is believed to be the birthplace of the Hindu god <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The destruction of the disputed structure, which was widely reported in the international media, unleashed large scale communal violence, the most extensive since the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a>. Hindus and Muslims were involved in massive rioting across the country and almost every major city, including Delhi, Mumbai, <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad">Ahmedabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyderabad, India">Hyderabad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bhopal" title="Bhopal">Bhopal</a>, struggled to control the unrest.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEP._V._Narasimha_Rao200658_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEP._V._Narasimha_Rao200658-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rao had assured the Muslims that Babri Mosque would be rebuilt.<sup id="cite_ref-Sagar_Kulkarni_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sagar_Kulkarni-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Liberhan_Commission" title="Liberhan Commission">Liberhan Commission</a>, after extensive hearing and investigation, exonerated Rao. It pointed out that Rao was heading a minority government and accepted the centre's argument that central forces could not be deployed by the Union, nor could President's Rule be imposed "on the basis of rumours or media reports". Taking such a step would have created a "bad precedent" damaging the federal structure and would have "amounted to interference" in the state administration, it said. The state "deliberately and consciously understated" the risk to the disputed structure and general law and order. The commission also stated that the Governor's assessment of the situation was either badly flawed or overly optimistic and was thus a major impediment for the central government. The Commission further said, "... knowing fully well that its facetious undertakings before the Supreme Court had bought it sufficient breathing space, it (state government) proceeded with the planning for the destruction of the disputed structure. The Supreme Court's own observer failed to alert it to the sinister undercurrents. The Governor and its intelligence agencies, charged with acting as the eyes and ears of the central government also failed in their task. Without substantive procedural prerequisites, neither the Supreme Court, nor the Union of India was able to take any meaningful steps."<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In another interview with journalist <a href="/wiki/Shekhar_Gupta" title="Shekhar Gupta">Shekhar Gupta</a>, Rao spoke further about the demolition. He said he was wary of the impact of hundreds of deaths on the nation and that it could have been far worse. He also argued that he had to consider the possibility that some of the troops would have turned around and joined the mobs instead. Regarding the dismissal of Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister <a href="/wiki/Kalyan_Singh" title="Kalyan Singh">Kalyan Singh</a>, he said, "mere dismissal does not mean you can take control. It takes a day or so appointing advisers, sending them to Lucknow, taking control of the state. Meanwhile, what had to happen would have happened and there would have been no Kalyan Singh to blame either."<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latur_earthquake">Latur earthquake</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Latur earthquake"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1993_Latur_earthquake" title="1993 Latur earthquake">1993 Latur earthquake</a></div> <p>In 1993, a <a href="/wiki/1993_Latur_earthquake" title="1993 Latur earthquake">strong earthquake in Latur</a>, Maharashtra killed nearly 10,000 people and displaced hundreds of thousands.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rao was applauded by many for using modern technology and resources to organise major relief operations to assuage the stricken people, and for schemes of <a href="/wiki/Economic_reconstruction" title="Economic reconstruction">economic reconstruction</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Purulia_arms_drop_case">Purulia arms drop case</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Purulia arms drop case"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Purulia_arms_drop_case" title="Purulia arms drop case">Purulia arms drop case</a></div> <p>Narasimha Rao was charged for his facilitating safe exit of accused of 1995 Purulia arms drop case.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although, it was never proved. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corruption_charges_and_acquittal">Corruption charges and acquittal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Corruption charges and acquittal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early 1990s, one of the earliest accusations came in the form of stockbroker <a href="/wiki/Harshad_Mehta" title="Harshad Mehta">Harshad Mehta</a>, who through his lawyer, <a href="/wiki/Ram_Jethmalani" title="Ram Jethmalani">Ram Jethmalani</a>, revealed that he had paid a sum of one crore rupees to the then prime minister Rao for help in closing <a href="/wiki/1992_Indian_stock_market_scam" title="1992 Indian stock market scam">his cases</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rao's government faced a <a href="/wiki/No-confidence_motion" class="mw-redirect" title="No-confidence motion">no-confidence motion</a> in July 1993, because the opposition felt that it did not have sufficient numbers to prove a majority. It was alleged that Rao, through a representative, offered millions of rupees to members of the <a href="/wiki/Jharkhand_Mukti_Morcha" title="Jharkhand Mukti Morcha">Jharkhand Mukti Morcha</a> (JMM), and possibly a breakaway faction of the <a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal" title="Janata Dal">Janata Dal</a>, to vote for him during the confidence motion. <a href="/wiki/Shailendra_Mahato" title="Shailendra Mahato">Shailendra Mahato</a>, one of those members who had accepted the bribe, turned <a href="/wiki/Approver" class="mw-redirect" title="Approver">approver</a>. In 1996, after Rao's term in office had expired, investigations began in earnest in the case. In 2000, after years of legal proceedings, a special court convicted Rao and his colleague, <a href="/wiki/Buta_Singh" title="Buta Singh">Buta Singh</a> (who is alleged to have escorted the MPs to the Prime Minister).<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rao was sentenced to rigorous imprisonment up to three years and a fine of 100,000 rupees ($2,150) for corruption.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rao appealed to the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_High_Court" title="Delhi High Court">Delhi High Court</a> and remained free on bail. In 2002, the Delhi High Court overturned the lower court's decision mainly due to the doubt in credibility of Mahato's statements, which were extremely inconsistent, and both Rao and Buta Singh were acquitted of the charges.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rao, along with fellow minister K. K. Tewary, <a href="/wiki/Chandraswami" title="Chandraswami">Chandraswami</a> and K. N. Aggarwal, were accused of forging documents showing that Ajeya Singh had opened a bank account in the First Trust Corporation Bank in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts" title="Saint Kitts">Saint Kitts</a> and deposited $21 million in it, making his father <a href="/wiki/V._P._Singh" title="V. P. Singh">V. P. Singh</a> its beneficiary. The alleged intent was to tarnish V. P. Singh's image. This supposedly happened in 1989. However, only after Rao's term as PM had expired in 1996, was he formally charged by the <a href="/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Central Bureau of Investigation">Central Bureau of Investigation</a> (CBI) for the crime. Less than a year later the court acquitted him due to lack of evidence linking him with the case.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lakhubhai Pathak, an Indian businessman living in England, alleged that <a href="/wiki/Chandraswami" title="Chandraswami">Chandraswami</a> and K. N. Aggarwal alias Mamaji, along with Rao, cheated him out of $100,000. The amount was given for an express promise for allowing supplies of paper pulp in India, and Pathak alleged that he spent an additional $30,000 entertaining Chandraswami and his secretary. Narasimha Rao and Chandraswami were acquitted of the charges in 2003 and before his death, Rao was acquitted of all the cases charged against him.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life_and_financial_difficulties">Later life and financial difficulties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Later life and financial difficulties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In spite of significant achievements in a difficult situation, in the <a href="/wiki/1996_Indian_general_election" title="1996 Indian general election">1996 general elections</a> the Indian electorate voted out Rao's Congress Party. Soon, Sonia Gandhi's supporters forced Rao to step down as Party President.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Sitaram_Kesri" title="Sitaram Kesri">Sitaram Kesri</a>. </p><p>Rao rarely spoke of his personal views and opinions during his 5-year tenure. After his retirement from national politics, he published a novel called <a href="/wiki/The_Insider_(Rao_novel)" title="The Insider (Rao novel)">The Insider</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEP_V_N_Rao2000_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEP_V_N_Rao2000-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book, which follows a man's rise through the ranks of Indian politics, resembled events from Rao's own life. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Mauritius_Prime_Minister,_Mr._Anerood_Jugannath_greeting_the_Union_Finance_Minister_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_at_the_dinner_hosted_in_the_former%27s_honour,_by_Prime_Minister_Shri_P._V._Narasimha_New_Delhi_on_July_24,_1991.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/The_Mauritius_Prime_Minister%2C_Mr._Anerood_Jugannath_greeting_the_Union_Finance_Minister_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_at_the_dinner_hosted_in_the_former%27s_honour%2C_by_Prime_Minister_Shri_P._V._Narasimha_New_Delhi_on_July_24%2C_1991.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/The_Mauritius_Prime_Minister%2C_Mr._Anerood_Jugannath_greeting_the_Union_Finance_Minister_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_at_the_dinner_hosted_in_the_former%27s_honour%2C_by_Prime_Minister_Shri_P._V._Narasimha_New_Delhi_on_July_24%2C_1991.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/The_Mauritius_Prime_Minister%2C_Mr._Anerood_Jugannath_greeting_the_Union_Finance_Minister_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_at_the_dinner_hosted_in_the_former%27s_honour%2C_by_Prime_Minister_Shri_P._V._Narasimha_New_Delhi_on_July_24%2C_1991.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="577" /></a><figcaption>The Mauritius Prime Minister, Mr. Anerood Jugannath greeting the Union Finance Minister Manmohan Singh at the dinner hosted in the former's honour, by Prime Minister Shri P. V. Narasimha New Delhi on 24 July 1991</figcaption></figure> <p>According to a vernacular source, despite holding many influential posts in Government, he faced many financial troubles. One of his sons was educated with the assistance of his son-in-law. He also faced trouble paying fees for a daughter who was studying medicine.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/P._V._R._K._Prasad" title="P. V. R. K. Prasad">P. V. R. K. Prasad</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Indian_Administrative_Service" title="Indian Administrative Service">Indian Administrative Service</a> (IAS) officer who was Narasimha Rao's media advisor when the latter was Prime Minister, Rao asked his friends to sell away his house at <a href="/wiki/Banjara_Hills" title="Banjara Hills">Banjara Hills</a> to clear the dues of lawyers.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Army,_Navy_%26_Air_Force_personnels,_the_three_wings_of_services,_carrying_the_mortal_remains_of_the_former_Prime_Minister,_Late_Shri_P_V_Narasimha_Rao_towards_service_aircraft_at_Palam_Airport,_New_Delhi_on_December_24.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Army%2C_Navy_%26_Air_Force_personnels%2C_the_three_wings_of_services%2C_carrying_the_mortal_remains_of_the_former_Prime_Minister%2C_Late_Shri_P_V_Narasimha_Rao_towards_service_aircraft_at_Palam_Airport%2C_New_Delhi_on_December_24.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Army%2C_Navy_%26_Air_Force_personnels%2C_the_three_wings_of_services%2C_carrying_the_mortal_remains_of_the_former_Prime_Minister%2C_Late_Shri_P_V_Narasimha_Rao_towards_service_aircraft_at_Palam_Airport%2C_New_Delhi_on_December_24.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Army%2C_Navy_%26_Air_Force_personnels%2C_the_three_wings_of_services%2C_carrying_the_mortal_remains_of_the_former_Prime_Minister%2C_Late_Shri_P_V_Narasimha_Rao_towards_service_aircraft_at_Palam_Airport%2C_New_Delhi_on_December_24.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="1258" /></a><figcaption>The three wings of India's military services, carrying the mortal remains of P.V. Narshima Rao towards service aircraft at Palam Airport, New Delhi on 24 December 2004 for onward journey to Hyderabad where cremation was performed.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Prime_Minister,_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_paying_floral_tribute_to_the_former_Prime_Minister,_Late_Shri_P.V._Narsimha_Rao_on_his_3rd_death_anniversary,_in_New_Delhi_on_December_23,_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_paying_floral_tribute_to_the_former_Prime_Minister%2C_Late_Shri_P.V._Narsimha_Rao_on_his_3rd_death_anniversary%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_December_23%2C_2007.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_paying_floral_tribute_to_the_former_Prime_Minister%2C_Late_Shri_P.V._Narsimha_Rao_on_his_3rd_death_anniversary%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_December_23%2C_2007.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_paying_floral_tribute_to_the_former_Prime_Minister%2C_Late_Shri_P.V._Narsimha_Rao_on_his_3rd_death_anniversary%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_December_23%2C_2007.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1541" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_President,_Dr._A.P.J._Abdul_Kalam_paying_tributes_at_the_mortal_remains_of_the_former_Prime_Minister_Late_Shri_P.V._Narasimha_Rao_in_New_Delhi_on_December_23,_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/The_President%2C_Dr._A.P.J._Abdul_Kalam_paying_tributes_at_the_mortal_remains_of_the_former_Prime_Minister_Late_Shri_P.V._Narasimha_Rao_in_New_Delhi_on_December_23%2C_2004.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/The_President%2C_Dr._A.P.J._Abdul_Kalam_paying_tributes_at_the_mortal_remains_of_the_former_Prime_Minister_Late_Shri_P.V._Narasimha_Rao_in_New_Delhi_on_December_23%2C_2004.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/The_President%2C_Dr._A.P.J._Abdul_Kalam_paying_tributes_at_the_mortal_remains_of_the_former_Prime_Minister_Late_Shri_P.V._Narasimha_Rao_in_New_Delhi_on_December_23%2C_2004.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="1255" /></a><figcaption>The President, A.P.J. Abdul Kalam paying tributes at the mortal remains of the former Prime Minister Late Shri P.V. Narasimha Rao in New Delhi on 23 December 2004</figcaption></figure> <p>Rao suffered a heart attack on 9 December 2004, and was taken to the <a href="/wiki/All_India_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="All India Institute of Medical Sciences">All India Institute of Medical Sciences</a> where he died 14 days later at the age of 83.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His funeral was attended by the Prime Minister of India <a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a>, the Home Affairs Minister <a href="/wiki/Shivraj_Patil" title="Shivraj Patil">Shivraj Patil</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> (BJP) president <a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">L. K. Advani</a>, the Defence Minister <a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a>, the Finance Minister <a href="/wiki/P._Chidambaram" title="P. Chidambaram">P. Chidambaram</a> and many other dignitaries. Rao was a long-time widower, since his wife died in 1970 and he was survived by his eight children.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A memorial was built for P. V. Narasimha Rao located adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Sanjeevaiah_Park" title="Sanjeevaiah Park">Sanjeevaiah Park</a>, developed in 2005 on 1.2 hectares (2.9 acres) of land known as Gyan Bhumi.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Government of Telangana declared his birthday to be celebrated as a Telangana State function in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seven days of state mourning was declared upon his death.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, Narasimha Rao was accorded a memorial in Delhi at Ekta Sthal, which is now integrated with Rashtriya Smriti, a common place for erecting memorials for former Presidents, PMs and others. The memorial is raised on a plinth in marble bearing text highlighting briefly his contributions. The plaque describes Rao: "Known as the scholar Prime Minister of India, Shri P V Narasimha Rao was born on 28 June 1921 in Vangara, Karimnagar District in Telangana state. He rose to prominence as freedom fighter who fought the misrule of the Nizam during the formative years of his political career. A reformer, educationist, scholar, conversant in 15 languages and known for his intellectual contribution, he was called the 'Brihaspati' (wiseman) of Andhra Pradesh."<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honours">Awards and honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Awards and honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>: <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bharat_Ratna_Ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Bharat_Ratna_Ribbon.svg/50px-Bharat_Ratna_Ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Bharat_Ratna_Ribbon.svg/75px-Bharat_Ratna_Ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Bharat_Ratna_Ribbon.svg/100px-Bharat_Ratna_Ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Ratna" title="Bharat Ratna">Bharat Ratna</a> (9 February 2024, posthumous)<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <p>Rao was honoured India's highest civilian award, the <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Ratna" title="Bharat Ratna">Bharat Ratna</a> (posthumously) on 9 February 2024 by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>. Rao was awarded the Pratibha Murthy Lifetime Achievement Award.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many people across the party line supported the name of P. V. Narasimha Rao for <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Ratna" title="Bharat Ratna">Bharat Ratna</a>. <a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a> Chief Minister <a href="/wiki/K._Chandrashekhar_Rao" class="mw-redirect" title="K. Chandrashekhar Rao">K. Chandrashekhar Rao</a> supported the move to give Bharat Ratna to Rao.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> BJP leader <a href="/wiki/Subramanian_Swamy" title="Subramanian Swamy">Subramanian Swamy</a> supported the move to give Bharat Ratna to Rao.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Earlier in 2015, <a href="/wiki/Sanjay_Baru" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanjay Baru">Sanjay Baru</a> said that former PM <a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a> wanted to give Bharat Ratna to Rao but failed.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2020, <a href="/wiki/Telangana_Legislative_Assembly" title="Telangana Legislative Assembly">Telangana Legislative Assembly</a> adopted a resolution seeking to confer Bharat Ratna on Rao. The resolution also requested the Central Government to rename the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hyderabad" title="University of Hyderabad">University of Hyderabad</a> after him.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1931, the 10-year-old Narasimha Rao was married to Satyamma, a girl of his own age, belonging to his own community and coming from a family of similar background.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were married for the entirety of their lives. Smt. Satyamma died on 1 July 1970. </p><p>The couple had three sons and five daughters. Their eldest son, <a href="/wiki/P._V._Ranga_Rao" title="P. V. Ranga Rao">P. V. Ranga Rao</a>, was the education minister in <a href="/wiki/Kotla_Vijaya_Bhaskara_Reddy" title="Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy">Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy</a>'s cabinet and an <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Legislative_Assembly_(India)" title="Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)">MLA</a> from <a href="/wiki/Hanamkonda_(Assembly_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanamkonda (Assembly constituency)">Hanamakonda</a> Assembly Constituency, in Warangal District for two terms. The second son, <a href="/wiki/P._V._Rajeshwar_Rao" title="P. V. Rajeshwar Rao">P. V. Rajeshwar Rao</a>, was a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_parliament,_Lok_Sabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of parliament, Lok Sabha">Member of Parliament</a> of the <a href="/wiki/11th_Lok_Sabha" title="11th Lok Sabha">11th Lok Sabha</a> (15 May 1996 – 4 December 1997) from <a href="/wiki/Secunderabad_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secunderabad (Lok Sabha constituency)">Secunderabad Lok Sabha constituency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-raj1_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-raj1-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-raj2_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-raj2-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The third son is P.V. Prabhakara Rao. </p><p>The five daughters of P.V. Narasimha Rao are Smt. N. Sharada Devi, wife of Sri N. Venkata Krishna Rao; Smt. K. Saraswathi Devi, wife of K. Sarath Chandra Rao; Smt. S. Vani Devi, wife of Sri S. Divakara Rao; Smt. Vijaya Somayaji, wife of Sri Ramakrishna Somayaji; and Smt. K. Jaya Devi, wife of Sri K. Revathi Nandan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biographical_and_political_evaluation">Biographical and political evaluation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Biographical and political evaluation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the occasion of 25 years of <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalisation_in_India" title="Economic liberalisation in India">economic liberalisation in India</a>, there have been several books published by authors, journalists and civil servants evaluating Rao's contributions.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Vinay Sitapati's book <i>Half Lion: How P.V. Narasimha Rao transformed India</i> (2016) gives a renewed biographical picture of his entire life,<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sanjay_Baru" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanjay Baru">Sanjay Baru</a>'s book <i>1991: How P V Narasimha Rao made history</i> (2016)<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Jairam_Ramesh" title="Jairam Ramesh">Jairam Ramesh</a>'s book From the brink to back: India's 1991 story (2015)<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> focuses on his role in unleashing the reforms in the year 1991 as the Prime Minister of India. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literary_achievements">Literary achievements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Literary achievements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rao's mother tongue was <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a>, and he had an excellent command of <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a>. In addition to nine Indian languages (<a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>), he spoke <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_English" title="Indian English">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="French Language">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was able to speak 17 languages.<sup id="cite_ref-PVN_–_Obituary_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PVN_–_Obituary-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-'PV':_A_scholar,_a_statesman_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-'PV':_A_scholar,_a_statesman-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to his college education in <a href="/wiki/Fergusson_College" title="Fergusson College">Fergusson College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune</a>, then an affiliated college of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Mumbai" title="University of Mumbai">University of Mumbai</a> (but now with <a href="/wiki/Pune_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Pune University">Pune University</a>), he became a very prolific reader and speaker of Marathi.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_14-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He translated the great Telugu literary work <a href="/wiki/Veyipadagalu" class="mw-redirect" title="Veyipadagalu">Veyipadagalu</a> of <i>Kavi Samraat</i> <a href="/wiki/Viswanatha_Satyanarayana" title="Viswanatha Satyanarayana">Viswanatha Satyanarayana</a> into Hindi as <i>Sahasraphan</i>. He also translated Hari Narayan Apte's Marathi novel <i><a href="/wiki/Pan_Lakshat_Kon_Gheto" title="Pan Lakshat Kon Gheto">Pan Lakshat Kon Gheto</a></i> (But Who Pays Attention?) into Telugu. He was also invited to be the chief guest of Akhil Bhartiya Marathi Sahitya Sanmelan where he gave speech in Marathi. </p><p>In his later life he wrote his autobiography, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Insider_(Rao_novel)" title="The Insider (Rao novel)">The Insider</a></i>, which depicts his experiences in politics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Centenary_celebrations">Centenary celebrations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Centenary celebrations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In June 2020, <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Telangana" title="Government of Telangana">Government of Telangana</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Telangana_Rashtra_Samithi" class="mw-redirect" title="Telangana Rashtra Samithi">Telangana Rashtra Samithi</a> has declared to organise one-year long centenary celebrations of Rao. The state government also decided to set up a memorial and five bronze statues at various places, including <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warangal" title="Warangal">Warangal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karimnagar" title="Karimnagar">Karimnagar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vangara,_Warangal_Urban_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Vangara, Warangal Urban district">Vangara</a> and Delhi.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the year 2019, an independent biographical documentary film named <i>P V: Change with Continuity</i> (2019) directed and produced by Sravani Kotha and Srikar Reddy Gopaladinne released on the streaming platform <a href="/wiki/Vimeo" title="Vimeo">Vimeo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The documentary features rare archival footage and interviews of several distinguished people closely related to Rao's life and work.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Suresh Kumar appeared as Rao in the 2019 film <i><a href="/wiki/NTR:_Mahanayakudu" title="NTR: Mahanayakudu">NTR: Mahanayakudu</a></i> directed by <a href="/wiki/Krish_(director)" class="mw-redirect" title="Krish (director)">Krish</a> which chart the life of the Indian actor-politician <a href="/wiki/N._T._Rama_Rao" title="N. T. Rama Rao">N. T. Rama Rao</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same year, Ajit Satbhai portrayed Rao as the former Prime Minister of India in the film <a href="/wiki/The_Accidental_Prime_Minister_(film)" title="The Accidental Prime Minister (film)"><i>The Accidental Prime Minister</i></a> by <a href="/wiki/Vijay_Gutte" title="Vijay Gutte">Vijay Gutte</a>, about <a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Pradhanmantri" title="Pradhanmantri">Pradhanmantri</a></i> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Prime Minister</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>), a 2013 Indian docudrama television series which aired on <a href="/wiki/ABP_News" title="ABP News">ABP News</a> and covers the various policies and political tenures of Indian PMs, based the twentieth episode – "P. V. Narasimha Rao and Corruption charges against him" – on his term as the country's leader; <a href="/wiki/Ravi_Jhankal" title="Ravi Jhankal">Ravi Jhankal</a> portrayed the role of Rao.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1993_Bombay_bombings" title="1993 Bombay bombings">1993 Bombay bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_the_Babri_Masjid" title="Demolition of the Babri Masjid">Demolition of the Babri Masjid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Latur_earthquake" title="1993 Latur earthquake">1993 Latur earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Insider_(Rao_novel)" title="The Insider (Rao novel)"><i>The Insider</i> (Rao novel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P.V._Narasimha_Rao_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="P.V. Narasimha Rao Expressway">P.V. Narasimha Rao Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_and_government_who_were_later_imprisoned" title="List of heads of state and government who were later imprisoned">List of heads of state and government who were later imprisoned</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.newindianexpress.com/thesundaystandard/2024/Feb/11/many-facets-of-kautilya-scholar-philosopher">https://www.newindianexpress.com/thesundaystandard/2024/Feb/11/many-facets-of-kautilya-scholar-philosopher</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDean2022" class="citation cs2">Dean, Adam (2022), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/opening-up-by-cracking-down/indias-middle-path-preventive-arrests-and-general-strikes/4CBA2877327208602BE6573BEA63D1A3">"India's Middle Path: Preventive Arrests and General Strikes"</a>, <i>Opening Up by Cracking Down: Labor Repression and Trade Liberalization in Democratic Developing Countries</i>, Political Economy of Institutions and Decisions, Cambridge University Press, pp. <span class="nowrap">86–</span>112, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2F9781108777964.006">10.1017/9781108777964.006</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-47851-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-47851-9"><bdi>978-1-108-47851-9</bdi></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240209130717/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/opening-up-by-cracking-down/indias-middle-path-preventive-arrests-and-general-strikes/4CBA2877327208602BE6573BEA63D1A3">archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Opening+Up+by+Cracking+Down%3A+Labor+Repression+and+Trade+Liberalization+in+Democratic+Developing+Countries&rft.atitle=India%27s+Middle+Path%3A+Preventive+Arrests+and+General+Strikes&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E86-%3C%2Fspan%3E112&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2F9781108777964.006&rft.isbn=978-1-108-47851-9&rft.aulast=Dean&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fbooks%2Fopening-up-by-cracking-down%2Findias-middle-path-preventive-arrests-and-general-strikes%2F4CBA2877327208602BE6573BEA63D1A3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120702070909/http://www.voanews.com/tibetan-english/news/a-28-a-2004-12-23-2-1-90257982.html">"PV Narasimha Rao Remembered as Father of Indian Economic Reforms"</a>. <i>voanews.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/VOA_News" class="mw-redirect" title="VOA News">VOA News</a>. 23 December 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voanews.com/tibetan-english/news/a-28-a-2004-12-23-2-1-90257982.html">the original</a> on 2 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=voanews.com&rft.atitle=PV+Narasimha+Rao+Remembered+as+Father+of+Indian+Economic+Reforms&rft.date=2004-12-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Ftibetan-english%2Fnews%2Fa-28-a-2004-12-23-2-1-90257982.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Narasimha_Rao_was_father_of_economic_reform:_Pranab-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Narasimha_Rao_was_father_of_economic_reform:_Pranab_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Narasimha_Rao_was_father_of_economic_reform:_Pranab_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Narasimha_Rao_was_father_of_economic_reform:_Pranab_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Narasimha-Rao-led-India-at-crucial-juncture-was-father-of-economic-reform-Pranab/articleshow/17831434.cms">"Narasimha Rao led India at crucial juncture, was father of economic reform: Pranab"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. 31 December 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130520071110/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-31/india/36078990_1_economic-reforms-president-pranab-mukherjee-finance-minister">Archived</a> from the original on 20 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Narasimha+Rao+led+India+at+crucial+juncture%2C+was+father+of+economic+reform%3A+Pranab&rft.date=2012-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FNarasimha-Rao-led-India-at-crucial-juncture-was-father-of-economic-reform-Pranab%2Farticleshow%2F17831434.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reforming-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reforming_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reforming_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reforming_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4120429.stm">"Narasimha Rao – a Reforming PM"</a>. <i>news.bbc.co.uk</i>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 23 December 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226123628/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4120429.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=news.bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=Narasimha+Rao+%E2%80%93+a+Reforming+PM&rft.date=2004-12-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fsouth_asia%2F4120429.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DNAArticle-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DNAArticle_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKumarNarendhranath" class="citation news cs1">Kumar, Arvind; Narendhranath, 3 October 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130312095826/http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/column_india-must-embrace-unfettered-free-enterprise_1594401">"India must embrace unfettered free enterprise"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_News_and_Analysis" title="Daily News and Analysis">Daily News and Analysis</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/column_india-must-embrace-unfettered-free-enterprise_1594401">the original</a> on 12 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+News+and+Analysis&rft.atitle=India+must+embrace+unfettered+free+enterprise&rft.aulast=Kumar&rft.aufirst=Arvind&rft.au=Narendhranath%2C+3+October+2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnaindia.com%2Fanalysis%2Fcolumn_india-must-embrace-unfettered-free-enterprise_1594401&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ghosh-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ghosh_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ghosh_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ghosh_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ghosh_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ghosh_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ghosh_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131025042847/http://www.globaleconomicgovernance.org/wp-content/uploads/ghosh-pathways_india.pdf">"India's Pathway through Financial Crisis"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>globaleconomicgovernance.org</i>. Arunabha Ghosh. Global Economic Governance Programme. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globaleconomicgovernance.org/wp-content/uploads/ghosh-pathways_india.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 25 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=globaleconomicgovernance.org&rft.atitle=India%27s+Pathway+through+Financial+Crisis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globaleconomicgovernance.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fghosh-pathways_india.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Time_To_Tune_In_To_FM-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Time_To_Tune_In_To_FM_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Time_To_Tune_In_To_FM_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Time_To_Tune_In_To_FM_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indiatoday.com/itoday/20020225/jairam.shtml">Time To Tune In To FM</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041229083426/http://www.indiatoday.com/itoday/20020225/jairam.shtml">Archived</a> 29 December 2004 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Indiatoday.com (25 February 2002). Retrieved 10 July 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUpadhyaya2019" class="citation book cs1">Upadhyaya, Shishir (5 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BHatDwAAQBAJ"><i>India's Maritime Strategy: Balancing Regional Ambitions and China</i></a>. Routledge. p. 70. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-429-67375-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-429-67375-7"><bdi>978-0-429-67375-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231007045036/https://books.google.com/books?id=BHatDwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%27s+Maritime+Strategy%3A+Balancing+Regional+Ambitions+and+China&rft.pages=70&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019-09-05&rft.isbn=978-0-429-67375-7&rft.aulast=Upadhyaya&rft.aufirst=Shishir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBHatDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSingh1993" class="citation news cs1">Singh, S. Nihal (21 October 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221213042810/https://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/21/opinion/IHT-india-keeps-its-foreign-options-open.html">"Opinion | India Keeps Its Foreign Options Open"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. International Herald Tribune. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/21/opinion/IHT-india-keeps-its-foreign-options-open.html">the original</a> on 13 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Opinion+%7C+India+Keeps+Its+Foreign+Options+Open&rft.date=1993-10-21&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=S.+Nihal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1993%2F10%2F21%2Fopinion%2FIHT-india-keeps-its-foreign-options-open.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGoshko1994" class="citation news cs1">Goshko, John M. (20 May 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1994/05/20/clinton-moves-to-ease-relationship-with-india/d8b4e754-283e-47f3-8704-637454830624/">"Clinton Moves To Ease Relationship With India"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Clinton+Moves+To+Ease+Relationship+With+India&rft.date=1994-05-20&rft.aulast=Goshko&rft.aufirst=John+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1994%2F05%2F20%2Fclinton-moves-to-ease-relationship-with-india%2Fd8b4e754-283e-47f3-8704-637454830624%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMishra2024" class="citation news cs1">Mishra, Samiran (9 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bharat-ratna-for-former-pms-charan-singh-pv-narasimha-rao-5023954">"Bharat Ratna For Former PMs Charan Singh, PV Narasimha Rao"</a>. <i>NDTV</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NDTV&rft.atitle=Bharat+Ratna+For+Former+PMs+Charan+Singh%2C+PV+Narasimha+Rao&rft.date=2024-02-09&rft.aulast=Mishra&rft.aufirst=Samiran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Findia-news%2Fbharat-ratna-for-former-pms-charan-singh-pv-narasimha-rao-5023954&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReddy199335-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReddy199335_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReddy199335_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReddy1993">Reddy 1993</a>, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_14-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_14-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_14-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_14-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_14-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_14-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_14-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_14-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/P-V-Narasimha-Rao">"P.V. Narasimha Rao"</a>, <i>britannica.com</i>, 17 May 2023, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230602181221/https://www.britannica.com/biography/P-V-Narasimha-Rao">archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=P.V.+Narasimha+Rao&rft.btitle=britannica.com&rft.date=2023-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FP-V-Narasimha-Rao&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thehindu.com-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thehindu.com_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thehindu.com_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/people-hail-decision-on-pvs-birth-anniversary/article6146786.ece">"People hail decision on PV's birth anniversary"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 25 June 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191231124923/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/people-hail-decision-on-pvs-birth-anniversary/article6146786.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 31 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=People+hail+decision+on+PV%27s+birth+anniversary&rft.date=2014-06-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ftodays-paper%2Ftp-national%2Ftp-andhrapradesh%2Fpeople-hail-decision-on-pvs-birth-anniversary%2Farticle6146786.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAggarwala1995" class="citation book cs1">Aggarwala, Adish C. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CfxtAAAAMAAJ&q=+Rukma+Bai"><i>P.V. Narasimha Rao, Scholar Prime Minister</i></a>. Amish Publications. pp. 215, 298. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-900289-1-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-900289-1-2"><bdi>978-81-900289-1-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240209130736/https://books.google.com/books?id=CfxtAAAAMAAJ&q=+Rukma+Bai">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2022</span>. <q>His father Mr. Sitarama Rao and mother Mrs. Rukma Bai. With his wife Mrs. Satyamma</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=P.V.+Narasimha+Rao%2C+Scholar+Prime+Minister&rft.pages=215%2C+298&rft.pub=Amish+Publications&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-81-900289-1-2&rft.aulast=Aggarwala&rft.aufirst=Adish+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCfxtAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2BRukma%2BBai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESitapati2016-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESitapati2016_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSitapati2016">Sitapati 2016</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmindia-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pmindia_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmindia_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmindia_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/former_pm/shri-p-v-narasimha-rao-2/">"Shri P. V. Narasimha Rao"</a>, <i>pmindia.gov.in</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200901195136/https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/former_pm/shri-p-v-narasimha-rao-2/">archived</a> from the original on 1 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=pmindia.gov.in&rft.atitle=Shri+P.+V.+Narasimha+Rao&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pmindia.gov.in%2Fen%2Fformer_pm%2Fshri-p-v-narasimha-rao-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kakatiya1-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kakatiya1_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kakatiya1_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203021206/http://kakatiyapatrika.com/?page_id=20&cpage=1">"Pamulaparthi Sadasiva Rao"</a>. <i>M. Rajagopalachary, Pamulaparthi Sadasiva Rao Memorial Endowment Lecture</i>. kakatiyapatrika.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kakatiyapatrika.com/?page_id=20&cpage=1">the original</a> on 3 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=M.+Rajagopalachary%2C+Pamulaparthi+Sadasiva+Rao+Memorial+Endowment+Lecture&rft.atitle=Pamulaparthi+Sadasiva+Rao&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkakatiyapatrika.com%2F%3Fpage_id%3D20%26cpage%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kakatiya2-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kakatiya2_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110713133032/http://kakatiyapatrika.com/?p=57">"With PV"</a>. <i>kakatiyapatrika.com</i>. 31 October 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kakatiyapatrika.com/?p=57">the original</a> on 13 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kakatiyapatrika.com&rft.atitle=With+PV&rft.date=2009-10-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkakatiyapatrika.com%2F%3Fp%3D57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_meek_inheritor-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_meek_inheritor_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131117090315/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/prime-minister-narasimha-rao-a-faithful-but-unambitious-congressman/1/318533.html">"The meek inheritor"</a>. <i>India Today</i>. 15 July 1991. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/prime-minister-narasimha-rao-a-faithful-but-unambitious-congressman/1/318533.html">the original</a> on 17 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2013</span>. <q>Rao was one of the first converts to the new technology. Today, he is so adept with the machines that along with the 10 Indian and four foreign languages, Rao has also taught himself some computer languages and is now able to programme them.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=The+meek+inheritor&rft.date=1991-07-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findiatoday.intoday.in%2Fstory%2Fprime-minister-narasimha-rao-a-faithful-but-unambitious-congressman%2F1%2F318533.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PVN_–_Obituary-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PVN_–_Obituary_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PVN_–_Obituary_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130828224716/http://www.theguardian.com/news/2004/dec/24/guardianobituaries.india">"PVN – Obituary"</a>. 23 December 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2004/dec/24/guardianobituaries.india">the original</a> on 28 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=PVN+%E2%80%93+Obituary&rft.date=2004-12-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2F2004%2Fdec%2F24%2Fguardianobituaries.india&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-'PV':_A_scholar,_a_statesman-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-'PV':_A_scholar,_a_statesman_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-'PV':_A_scholar,_a_statesman_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100407134414/http://www.rediff.com/news/2004/dec/23rao2.htm">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'PV': A scholar, a statesman"</a>. 23 December 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rediff.com/news/2004/dec/23rao2.htm">the original</a> on 7 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2013</span>. <q>A Sahitya Ratan in Hindi, Rao was fluent in several languages, including Spanish.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27PV%27%3A+A+scholar%2C+a+statesman&rft.date=2004-12-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rediff.com%2Fnews%2F2004%2Fdec%2F23rao2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2004/12/26/stories/2004122601690300.htm">"Narasimha Rao cremated"</a>. <i>thehindubusinessline.com</i>. 26 December 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930181502/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2004/12/26/stories/2004122601690300.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thehindubusinessline.com&rft.atitle=Narasimha+Rao+cremated&rft.date=2004-12-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindubusinessline.com%2F2004%2F12%2F26%2Fstories%2F2004122601690300.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Embassy-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Embassy_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100119155631/http://www.indianembassy.org/PV/pv.pdf">"A Profile of P.V. Narasimha Rao"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_India_in_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="Embassy of India in Washington">Embassy of India in Washington</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianembassy.org/PV/pv.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 19 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Profile+of+P.V.+Narasimha+Rao&rft.pub=Embassy+of+India+in+Washington&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indianembassy.org%2FPV%2Fpv.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Telegraph-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Telegraph_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Telegraph_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1479685/PV-Narasimha-Rao.html">"PV Narasimha Rao"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>. 24 December 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1479685/PV-Narasimha-Rao.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=PV+Narasimha+Rao&rft.date=2004-12-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2F1479685%2FPV-Narasimha-Rao.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090917205158/http://www.mjakbar.org/blog/archives/2004_12_01_mjakbarblog_archive.html">"The Lonely Masks of Narasimha Rao"</a>. <i>mjakbar.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mjakbar.org/blog/archives/2004_12_01_mjakbarblog_archive.html">the original</a> on 17 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mjakbar.org&rft.atitle=The+Lonely+Masks+of+Narasimha+Rao&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mjakbar.org%2Fblog%2Farchives%2F2004_12_01_mjakbarblog_archive.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John F. Burns (21 May 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1995/05/21/world/crisis-in-india-leader-survives-for-now.html">Crisis in India: Leader Survives, for Now</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170701071607/http://www.nytimes.com/1995/05/21/world/crisis-in-india-leader-survives-for-now.html">Archived</a> 1 July 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The New York Times.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boloji.com/plainspeak/045.htm">Observations on Indian Independence Day</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061112211011/http://www.boloji.com/plainspeak/045.htm">Archived</a> 12 November 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Subash Kapila. Retrieved 2 March 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rediff.com/news/1998/feb/andhra27.htm">Rao's world record</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071109090540/http://www.rediff.com/news/1998/feb/andhra27.htm">Archived</a> 9 November 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rediff.com" title="Rediff.com">rediff.com</a></i>. Retrieved 2 March 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050206101148/http://www.geocities.com/rezuj/pt.html">"Indian Political Trivia"</a>. Archived from the original on 6 February 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indian+Political+Trivia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geocities.com%2Frezuj%2Fpt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span>. Retrieved 19 April 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cabinet1-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cabinet1_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-06-22-mn-916-story.html">"Rao takes oath in India, names his cabinet"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. Associated Press. 22 June 1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130309032630/http://articles.latimes.com/1991-06-22/news/mn-916_1_prime-minister">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Rao+takes+oath+in+India%2C+names+his+cabinet&rft.date=1991-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1991-06-22-mn-916-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cabinet2-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cabinet2_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3725357.stm">"Profile: Manmohan Singh"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 30 March 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200902065144/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3725357.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 2 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Manmohan+Singh&rft.date=2009-03-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fsouth_asia%2F3725357.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJha2020" class="citation news cs1">Jha, Prabhat (24 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/no-one-like-atal-bihari-vajpayee-7118859/">"No one like Atalji"</a>. <i>The Indian Express</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210123083955/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/no-one-like-atal-bihari-vajpayee-7118859/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=No+one+like+Atalji&rft.date=2020-12-24&rft.aulast=Jha&rft.aufirst=Prabhat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fopinion%2Fno-one-like-atal-bihari-vajpayee-7118859%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ramtek-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ramtek_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/Ramtek-voters-in-tepid-mood/articleshow/4265463.cms">"Ramtek voters in tepid mood"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. 15 March 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140102200039/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-03-15/nagpur/28003526_1_dalits-jogendra-kawade-congress-fields">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Ramtek+voters+in+tepid+mood&rft.date=2009-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fnagpur%2FRamtek-voters-in-tepid-mood%2Farticleshow%2F4265463.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-orissa-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-orissa_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rediff.com/news/1998/feb/oris11.htm">"orissa"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240209130722/https://www.rediff.com/news/1998/feb/oris11.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=orissa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rediff.com%2Fnews%2F1998%2Ffeb%2Foris11.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sai.uni-heidelberg.de/workgroups/bdlaw/1993-a15.htm">Securities and Exchange Commission Act</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070502012536/http://www.sai.uni-heidelberg.de/workgroups/bdlaw/1993-a15.htm">Archived</a> 2 May 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 2 March 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071012130135/http://vakilno1.com/bareacts/sebiact/sebiact.htm">"Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992"</a>. Archived from the original on 12 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Securities+and+Exchange+Board+of+India+Act%2C+1992&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvakilno1.com%2Fbareacts%2Fsebiact%2Fsebiact.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span>. vakilno1.com.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100107225608/http://iic.nic.in/iic3_i.htm">"India's Economic Policies"</a>. Archived from the original on 7 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India%27s+Economic+Policies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiic.nic.in%2Fiic3_i.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span>. Indian Investment Centre. Retrieved 2 March 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ajay Shah and Susan Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mayin.org/ajayshah/PDFDOCS/ShahThomas2000_jgfm.pdf">How NSE surpassed BSE</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070207095034/http://www.mayin.org/ajayshah/PDFDOCS/ShahThomas2000_jgfm.pdf">Archived</a> 7 February 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 2 March 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Bradford DeLong (July 2001). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080515135852/http://econ161.berkeley.edu/Econ_Articles/India/India_Rodrik_DeLong.html">"The Indian Growth Miracle"</a>. Archived from the original on 15 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Indian+Growth+Miracle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fecon161.berkeley.edu%2FEcon_Articles%2FIndia%2FIndia_Rodrik_DeLong.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span>. berkeley.edu.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Asiaweek-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Asiaweek_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Asiaweek_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ajay Singh and Arjuna Ranawana. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asiaweek.com/asiaweek/96/0412/nat1.html">India. Conflict of Interest. Local industrialists issue a broadside against multinationals</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071101044436/http://www.asiaweek.com/asiaweek/96/0412/nat1.html">Archived</a> 1 November 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Asiaweek" title="Asiaweek">Asiaweek</a></i>. Retrieved 2 March 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/APCITY/UNPAN024036.pdf">FDI in India</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061128235035/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/APCITY/UNPAN024036.pdf">Archived</a> 28 November 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Kulwindar Singh. Retrieved 2 March 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bomb-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bomb_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://acorn.nationalinterest.in/?p=1138">Narasimha Rao and the bomb</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929011758/http://acorn.nationalinterest.in/?p=1138">Archived</a> 29 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 2 March 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040401113301/http://sify.com/news/othernews/fullstory.php?id=13381077">Clinton stopped Rao from testing nukes</a>. sify.com (5 February 2004).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianexpress.com/news/the-mole-and-the-fox/9501/0">The mole and the fox</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240209130608/https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/the-mole-and-the-fox/">Archived</a> 9 February 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Shekhar Gupta. Retrieved 2 March 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/punjab/index.html">Punjab Assessment</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234022/http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/punjab/index.html">Archived</a> 26 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 2 March 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/MONITOR/ISSUE5-5/Kasturi.html">National Security Guards</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120929205124/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/MONITOR/ISSUE5-5/Kasturi.html">Archived</a> 29 September 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 2 March 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://in.rediff.com/news/2006/sep/11ram.htm">5 Years On: Scarred and scared</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070301014242/http://in.rediff.com/news/2006/sep/11ram.htm">Archived</a> 1 March 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 20 April 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bishwanath Ghosh. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071104163648/http://newindpress.com/sunday/colItems.asp?ID=SEH20021212083721">"Held to ransom"</a>. Archived from the original on 4 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Held+to+ransom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewindpress.com%2Fsunday%2FcolItems.asp%3FID%3DSEH20021212083721&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span>. newindpress.com.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jammu-kashmir.com/basicfacts/politics/profile_1993_94.html">Profile of Changing Situation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061218080913/http://www.jammu-kashmir.com/basicfacts/politics/profile_1993_94.html">Archived</a> 18 December 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 2 March 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080112111132/http://www.subcontinent.com/sapra/research/terrorism/tr_1996_03_001_s.html">"Al Faran and the Hostage Crisis in Kashmir"</a>. Archived from the original on 12 January 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Al+Faran+and+the+Hostage+Crisis+in+Kashmir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.subcontinent.com%2Fsapra%2Fresearch%2Fterrorism%2Ftr_1996_03_001_s.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span>. subcontinent.com (10 March 1996).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUpadhyaya2019" class="citation book cs1">Upadhyaya, Shishir (5 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BHatDwAAQBAJ"><i>India's Maritime Strategy: Balancing Regional Ambitions and China</i></a>. Routledge. p. 70. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-429-67375-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-429-67375-7"><bdi>978-0-429-67375-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231007045036/https://books.google.com/books?id=BHatDwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%27s+Maritime+Strategy%3A+Balancing+Regional+Ambitions+and+China&rft.pages=70&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019-09-05&rft.isbn=978-0-429-67375-7&rft.aulast=Upadhyaya&rft.aufirst=Shishir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBHatDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSingh1993" class="citation news cs1">Singh, S. Nihal (21 October 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221213042810/https://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/21/opinion/IHT-india-keeps-its-foreign-options-open.html">"Opinion | India Keeps Its Foreign Options Open"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. International Herald Tribune. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/21/opinion/IHT-india-keeps-its-foreign-options-open.html">the original</a> on 13 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Opinion+%7C+India+Keeps+Its+Foreign+Options+Open&rft.date=1993-10-21&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=S.+Nihal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1993%2F10%2F21%2Fopinion%2FIHT-india-keeps-its-foreign-options-open.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGoshko1994" class="citation news cs1">Goshko, John M. (20 May 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1994/05/20/clinton-moves-to-ease-relationship-with-india/d8b4e754-283e-47f3-8704-637454830624/">"Clinton Moves To Ease Relationship With India"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Clinton+Moves+To+Ease+Relationship+With+India&rft.date=1994-05-20&rft.aulast=Goshko&rft.aufirst=John+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1994%2F05%2F20%2Fclinton-moves-to-ease-relationship-with-india%2Fd8b4e754-283e-47f3-8704-637454830624%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070403093140/http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/1998/issue2/jv2n2a6.html">"Strategic Partnership Between Israel and India"</a>. <i>meria.idc.ac.il</i>. P.R. Kumaraswamy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/1998/issue2/jv2n2a6.html">the original</a> on 3 April 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=meria.idc.ac.il&rft.atitle=Strategic+Partnership+Between+Israel+and+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmeria.idc.ac.il%2Fjournal%2F1998%2Fissue2%2Fjv2n2a6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061205032048/http://saag.org/papers/paper97.html">"Pakistan and Terrorism"</a>. <i>saag.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saag.org/papers/paper97.html">the original</a> on 5 December 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=saag.org&rft.atitle=Pakistan+and+Terrorism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saag.org%2Fpapers%2Fpaper97.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://in.rediff.com/news/2006/jul/21raman.htm">Never trust the US on Pakistan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061130094530/http://in.rediff.com/news/2006/jul/21raman.htm">Archived</a> 30 November 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rediff.com" title="Rediff.com">rediff.com</a></i> (21 July 2006). Retrieved 2 March 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101027210827/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2004/12/24/stories/2004122407541200.htm">Narasimha Rao and the `Look East' policy</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i> (24 December 2004). Retrieved 2 March 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLaskar2005" class="citation journal cs1">Laskar, Rejaul Karim (July 2005). "Strides in Look East Policy". <i>Congress Sandesh</i>. <b>7</b> (11): 19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Congress+Sandesh&rft.atitle=Strides+in+Look+East+Policy&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=19&rft.date=2005-07&rft.aulast=Laskar&rft.aufirst=Rejaul+Karim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.photius.com/countries/india/government/india_government_middle_east.html">"India and the Middle East"</a>. <i>photius.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070319210312/http://www.photius.com/countries/india/government/india_government_middle_east.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=photius.com&rft.atitle=India+and+the+Middle+East&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.photius.com%2Fcountries%2Findia%2Fgovernment%2Findia_government_middle_east.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Samuel P. Huntington, New World Order. Retrieved 2 March 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/mar/14raman.htm">Lessons from the Mumbai blasts</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071106134942/http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/mar/14raman.htm">Archived</a> 6 November 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>rediff.com</i> (14 March 2003). Retrieved 2 March 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3680/is_199810/ai_n8812118/pg_6">"India's economic reforms"</a>. <i>findarticles.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=findarticles.com&rft.atitle=India%27s+economic+reforms&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffindarticles.com%2Fp%2Farticles%2Fmi_qa3680%2Fis_199810%2Fai_n8812118%2Fpg_6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2012">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohn_GreenwaldAnita_PratapDick_Thompson1995" class="citation magazine cs1">John Greenwald; <a href="/wiki/Anita_Pratap" title="Anita Pratap">Anita Pratap</a>; Dick Thompson (18 September 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930091951/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C983429%2C00.html">"No Passage to India"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C983429%2C00.html">the original</a> on 30 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=No+Passage+to+India&rft.date=1995-09-18&rft.au=John+Greenwald&rft.au=Anita+Pratap&rft.au=Dick+Thompson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%252C9171%252C983429%252C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/pv-narasimha-rao-839110-2016-12-23">"PV Narasimha Rao: The 10th Prime Minister who changed the face of Indian economy"</a>. <i>India Today</i>. 23 December 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210629013132/https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/pv-narasimha-rao-839110-2016-12-23">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=PV+Narasimha+Rao%3A+The+10th+Prime+Minister+who+changed+the+face+of+Indian+economy&rft.date=2016-12-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatoday.in%2Feducation-today%2Fgk-current-affairs%2Fstory%2Fpv-narasimha-rao-839110-2016-12-23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKujur2018" class="citation news cs1">Kujur, Anupa (28 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/pv-narasimha-raos-97th-birth-anniversary-remembering-indias-modern-day-chanakya-2644361.html">"PV Narasimha Rao's 97th birth anniversary: Remembering India's 'modern-day Chanakya'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Moneycontrol</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211222121241/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/pv-narasimha-raos-97th-birth-anniversary-remembering-indias-modern-day-chanakya-2644361.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Moneycontrol&rft.atitle=PV+Narasimha+Rao%27s+97th+birth+anniversary%3A+Remembering+India%27s+%27modern-day+Chanakya%27&rft.date=2018-06-28&rft.aulast=Kujur&rft.aufirst=Anupa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moneycontrol.com%2Fnews%2Findia%2Fpv-narasimha-raos-97th-birth-anniversary-remembering-indias-modern-day-chanakya-2644361.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-scroll.in_810874-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-scroll.in_810874_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-scroll.in_810874_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSitapati,_Vinay2016" class="citation news cs1">Sitapati, Vinay (1 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scroll.in/article/810874/narasimha-rao-not-vajpayee-was-the-pm-who-set-india-on-a-nuclear-explosion-path">"Narasimha Rao, not Vajpayee, was the PM who set India on a nuclear explosion path"</a>. <i>Scroll.in</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190530044127/https://scroll.in/article/810874/narasimha-rao-not-vajpayee-was-the-pm-who-set-india-on-a-nuclear-explosion-path">Archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scroll.in&rft.atitle=Narasimha+Rao%2C+not+Vajpayee%2C+was+the+PM+who+set+India+on+a+nuclear+explosion+path&rft.date=2016-07-01&rft.au=Sitapati%2C+Vinay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscroll.in%2Farticle%2F810874%2Fnarasimha-rao-not-vajpayee-was-the-pm-who-set-india-on-a-nuclear-explosion-path&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?226253">Quiet Goes The Don</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130501035933/http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?226253">Archived</a> 1 May 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Outlookindia.com (17 January 2005). Retrieved 10 July 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/document/actandordinances/TADA.HTM">"Terrorism & Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act"</a>. <i>satp.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061130063630/http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/document/actandordinances/Tada.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=satp.org&rft.atitle=Terrorism+%26+Disruptive+Activities+%28Prevention%29+Act&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.satp.org%2Fsatporgtp%2Fcountries%2Findia%2Fdocument%2Factandordinances%2FTADA.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yale-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Yale_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Meredith Weiss (25 June 2002). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090304030654/http://www.yale.edu/macmillan/globalization/kashmir.pdf">"The Jammu & Kashmir Conflict"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from the original on 4 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Jammu+%26+Kashmir+Conflict&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yale.edu%2Fmacmillan%2Fglobalization%2Fkashmir.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span>. yale.edu.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">NCERT Pg 184 (Politics in India since Independence, Class XII)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archaeology.org/0407/abstracts/ayodhya.html">"Flashpoint Ayodhya"</a>. <i>archaeology.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121122220518/http://www.archaeology.org/0407/abstracts/ayodhya.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archaeology.org&rft.atitle=Flashpoint+Ayodhya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archaeology.org%2F0407%2Fabstracts%2Fayodhya.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-50355775">"Ayodhya verdict: Indian top court gives holy site to Hindus"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 9 November 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191109142205/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-50355775">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ayodhya+verdict%3A+Indian+top+court+gives+holy+site+to+Hindus&rft.date=2019-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-india-50355775&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deccanherald.com/national/national-politics/faith-evidence-prove-masjid-was-on-rams-birthplace-774808.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Faith, evidence prove Masjid was on Ram's birthplace'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Deccan Herald</i>. 9 November 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125190607/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/national-politics/faith-evidence-prove-masjid-was-on-rams-birthplace-774808.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deccan+Herald&rft.atitle=%27Faith%2C+evidence+prove+Masjid+was+on+Ram%27s+birthplace%27&rft.date=2019-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deccanherald.com%2Fnational%2Fnational-politics%2Ffaith-evidence-prove-masjid-was-on-rams-birthplace-774808.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEP._V._Narasimha_Rao200658-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEP._V._Narasimha_Rao200658_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFP._V._Narasimha_Rao2006">P. V. Narasimha Rao 2006</a>, p. 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sagar_Kulkarni-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sagar_Kulkarni_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKulkarni2019" class="citation news cs1">Kulkarni, Sagar (9 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deccanherald.com/india/narasimha-rao-the-man-cong-blames-for-babri-demolition-774889.html">"Narasimha Rao, the man Cong blames for Babri demolition"</a>. <i>Deccan Herald</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deccan+Herald&rft.atitle=Narasimha+Rao%2C+the+man+Cong+blames+for+Babri+demolition&rft.date=2019-11-09&rft.aulast=Kulkarni&rft.aufirst=Sagar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deccanherald.com%2Findia%2Fnarasimha-rao-the-man-cong-blames-for-babri-demolition-774889.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/rao-govt-was-reduced-to-position-of-helpless-bystander/">"Rao govt was reduced to position of helpless bystander"</a>. <i>The Indian Express</i>. 25 November 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220501182100/https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/rao-govt-was-reduced-to-position-of-helpless-bystander/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Rao+govt+was+reduced+to+position+of+helpless+bystander&rft.date=2009-11-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fnews-archive%2Fweb%2Frao-govt-was-reduced-to-position-of-helpless-bystander%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianexpress.com/news/tearing-down-narasimha-rao/547260/0">Tearing down Narasimha Rao</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100306082940/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/tearing-down-narasimha-rao/547260/0">Archived</a> 6 March 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Indianexpress.com (28 November 2009). Retrieved 10 July 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050307110842/http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/seismo/static/latur.htm">"Latur EarthQuake of 30 September 1993"</a>. Archived from the original on 7 March 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Latur+EarthQuake+of+30+September+1993&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imd.ernet.in%2Fsection%2Fseismo%2Fstatic%2Flatur.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span>. imd.ernet.in.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiainfoline.com/prime-ministers-of-india/p-v-narasimha-rao">"PV Narsimha Rao – IIFL"</a>. <i>Indiainfoline</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191021074217/https://www.indiainfoline.com/prime-ministers-of-india/p-v-narasimha-rao">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indiainfoline&rft.atitle=PV+Narsimha+Rao+%E2%80%93+IIFL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiainfoline.com%2Fprime-ministers-of-india%2Fp-v-narasimha-rao&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Purulia-arms-drop-had-govt-sanction-Davy/articleshow/8112968.cms">"Purulia arms drop had govt sanction: Davy | India News – Times of India"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. 29 April 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190818001702/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Purulia-arms-drop-had-govt-sanction-Davy/articleshow/8112968.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Purulia+arms+drop+had+govt+sanction%3A+Davy+%26%23124%3B+India+News+%E2%80%93+Times+of+India&rft.date=2011-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FPurulia-arms-drop-had-govt-sanction-Davy%2Farticleshow%2F8112968.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBobb1993" class="citation news cs1">Bobb, Dilip (15 July 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19930715-securities-scam-harshad-mehta-claims-to-have-paid-rs-1-crore-to-narasimha-rao-812067-1993-07-15">"Securities scam: Harshad Mehta claims to have paid Rs 1 crore to PM Narasimha Rao"</a>. <i>India Today</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021151539/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19930715-securities-scam-harshad-mehta-claims-to-have-paid-rs-1-crore-to-narasimha-rao-812067-1993-07-15">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=Securities+scam%3A+Harshad+Mehta+claims+to+have+paid+Rs+1+crore+to+PM+Narasimha+Rao&rft.date=1993-07-15&rft.aulast=Bobb&rft.aufirst=Dilip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatoday.in%2Fmagazine%2Fcover-story%2Fstory%2F19930715-securities-scam-harshad-mehta-claims-to-have-paid-rs-1-crore-to-narasimha-rao-812067-1993-07-15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000930/main1.htm">"Rao, Buta convicted in JMM bribery case"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tribune_(Chandigarh)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Tribune (Chandigarh)">The Tribune</a></i>. 29 September 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070312061013/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000930/main1.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 12 March 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Tribune&rft.atitle=Rao%2C+Buta+convicted+in+JMM+bribery+case&rft.date=2000-09-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribuneindia.com%2F2000%2F20000930%2Fmain1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/968505.stm">SOUTH ASIA | Ex-Indian PM sentenced to jail</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131005012658/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/968505.stm">Archived</a> 5 October 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. BBC News (12 October 2000). Retrieved 28 July 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1874500.stm">Ex-Indian PM cleared of bribery</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121109024003/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1874500.stm">Archived</a> 9 November 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i> (15 March 2002). Retrieved 2 March 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121106052416/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-10-25/india/27143956_1_chandraswami-first-trust-corporation-forgery-case">St Kitts case: Chronology of events</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i> (25 October 2004). Retrieved 2 March 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKumar2003" class="citation news cs1">Kumar, Nirnimesh (23 December 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040219042551/http://www.hindu.com/2003/12/23/stories/2003122308160100.htm">"Rao acquitted in Lakhubhai Pathak case"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/2003/12/23/stories/2003122308160100.htm">the original</a> on 19 February 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Rao+acquitted+in+Lakhubhai+Pathak+case&rft.date=2003-12-23&rft.aulast=Kumar&rft.aufirst=Nirnimesh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2F2003%2F12%2F23%2Fstories%2F2003122308160100.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEP_V_N_Rao2000-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEP_V_N_Rao2000_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFP_V_N_Rao2000">P V N Rao 2000</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120424002302/http://telugu.greatandhra.com/cinema/11-04-2010/39a_04_nin.php">"Nindalapaalaina Aparachanukyudu-2"</a>. <i>Telugu.greatandhra.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://telugu.greatandhra.com/cinema/11-04-2010/39a_04_nin.php">the original</a> on 24 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Telugu.greatandhra.com&rft.atitle=Nindalapaalaina+Aparachanukyudu-2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftelugu.greatandhra.com%2Fcinema%2F11-04-2010%2F39a_04_nin.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">P V Krishna Rao (4 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newindianexpress.com/states/andhra_pradesh/article218025.ece">PV made scapegoat in Babri case</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131021033606/http://newindianexpress.com/states/andhra_pradesh/article218025.ece">Archived</a> 21 October 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. newindianexpress.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041230182813/http://www.hindu.com/2004/12/24/stories/2004122408870100.htm">Narasimha Rao passes away at the age of 83</a>. Hindu.com (24 December 2004). Retrieved 10 July 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSitapati" class="citation news cs1">Sitapati, Vinay. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/day-after-babri-demolition-narasimha-rao-kept-tabs-on-sonia-gandhi-courtesy-the-ib-2872490/">"Day after Babri Masjid demolition, Narasimha Rao kept tabs on Sonia Gandhi courtesy the IB"</a>. No. 24 June 2016. The INdian Express. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160813115851/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/day-after-babri-demolition-narasimha-rao-kept-tabs-on-sonia-gandhi-courtesy-the-ib-2872490/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Day+after+Babri+Masjid+demolition%2C+Narasimha+Rao+kept+tabs+on+Sonia+Gandhi+courtesy+the+IB&rft.issue=24+June+2016&rft.aulast=Sitapati&rft.aufirst=Vinay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Findia%2Findia-news-india%2Fday-after-babri-demolition-narasimha-rao-kept-tabs-on-sonia-gandhi-courtesy-the-ib-2872490%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041231060007/http://www.hindu.com/2004/12/26/stories/2004122605320100.htm">Nation bids adieu to Narasimha Rao</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article19166407.ece">PVNARASIMHARAO</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230407102407/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article19166407.ece">Archived</a> 7 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Hindu, 29 June 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://deccan-journal.com/content/pvnr-birthday-declared-state-function-telangana">"PVNR Birth Celebrations a State function"</a>. <i>Deccan-Journal</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714162329/http://deccan-journal.com/content/pvnr-birthday-declared-state-function-telangana">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deccan-Journal&rft.atitle=PVNR+Birth+Celebrations+a+State+function&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdeccan-journal.com%2Fcontent%2Fpvnr-birthday-declared-state-function-telangana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWelcome_to_Embassy_of_India,_Washington_D_C,_USA2024" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indianembassyusa.gov.in/ArchivesDetails?id=457">"Welcome to Embassy of India, Washington D C, USA"</a>. <i>Welcome to Embassy of India, Washington D C, USA</i>. 8 February 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220729103436/https://www.indianembassyusa.gov.in/ArchivesDetails?id=457">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Welcome+to+Embassy+of+India%2C+Washington+D+C%2C+USA&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+Embassy+of+India%2C+Washington+D+C%2C+USA&rft.date=2024-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indianembassyusa.gov.in%2FArchivesDetails%3Fid%3D457&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/10-years-after-death-Narasimha-Rao-gets-memorial-in-Delhi/articleshow/47868463.cms">"10 years after death, Narasimha Rao gets memorial in Delhi | India News – Times of India"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. 30 June 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200422084315/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/10-years-after-death-Narasimha-Rao-gets-memorial-in-Delhi/articleshow/47868463.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=10+years+after+death%2C+Narasimha+Rao+gets+memorial+in+Delhi+%26%23124%3B+India+News+%E2%80%93+Times+of+India&rft.date=2015-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2F10-years-after-death-Narasimha-Rao-gets-memorial-in-Delhi%2Farticleshow%2F47868463.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/former-pms-narasimha-rao-chaudhary-charan-singh-and-ms-swaminathan-to-get-bharat-ratna-pm-modi-101707462720479.html">"PV Narasimha Rao, Chaudhary Charan Singh, MS Swaminathan to get Bharat Ratna: PM Modi"</a>. <i>Hindustan Times</i>. 9 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=PV+Narasimha+Rao%2C+Chaudhary+Charan+Singh%2C+MS+Swaminathan+to+get+Bharat+Ratna%3A+PM+Modi&rft.date=2024-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Findia-news%2Fformer-pms-narasimha-rao-chaudhary-charan-singh-and-ms-swaminathan-to-get-bharat-ratna-pm-modi-101707462720479.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/signposts/story/20020121-former-prime-minister-awarded-796128-2002-01-21">"Former PM P.V. Narasimha Rao awarded Pratibha Murthy Lifetime Achievement Award"</a>. <i>India Today</i>. 21 January 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210923193438/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/signposts/story/20020121-former-prime-minister-awarded-796128-2002-01-21">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=Former+PM+P.V.+Narasimha+Rao+awarded+Pratibha+Murthy+Lifetime+Achievement+Award&rft.date=2002-01-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatoday.in%2Fmagazine%2Fsignposts%2Fstory%2F20020121-former-prime-minister-awarded-796128-2002-01-21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPTI2014" class="citation news cs1">PTI (28 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/kcr-bats-for-bharat-ratna-to-narasimha-rao/article6158106.ece">"KCR bats for Bharat Ratna to Narasimha Rao"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191231124920/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/kcr-bats-for-bharat-ratna-to-narasimha-rao/article6158106.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 31 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=KCR+bats+for+Bharat+Ratna+to+Narasimha+Rao&rft.date=2014-06-28&rft.au=PTI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Ftelangana%2Fkcr-bats-for-bharat-ratna-to-narasimha-rao%2Farticle6158106.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSingh2015" class="citation news cs1">Singh, Anuraag (22 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Swamy-seeks-Bharat-Ratna-for-ex-PM-PV-Narsimha-Rao/articleshow/46329563.cms">"Swamy seeks Bharat Ratna for ex-PM PV Narsimha Rao"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170706024343/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Swamy-seeks-Bharat-Ratna-for-ex-PM-PV-Narsimha-Rao/articleshow/46329563.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Swamy+seeks+Bharat+Ratna+for+ex-PM+PV+Narsimha+Rao&rft.date=2015-02-22&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Anuraag&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FSwamy-seeks-Bharat-Ratna-for-ex-PM-PV-Narsimha-Rao%2Farticleshow%2F46329563.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDhawan2015" class="citation news cs1">Dhawan, Himanshi (2 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/manmohan-wanted-to-give-bharat-ratna-to-atal-narasimha-rao-but-failed-baru/articleshow/45723360.cms">"Manmohan wanted to give Bharat Ratna to Atal, Narasimha Rao but failed: Baru"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201052408/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/manmohan-wanted-to-give-bharat-ratna-to-atal-narasimha-rao-but-failed-baru/articleshow/45723360.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Manmohan+wanted+to+give+Bharat+Ratna+to+Atal%2C+Narasimha+Rao+but+failed%3A+Baru&rft.date=2015-01-02&rft.aulast=Dhawan&rft.aufirst=Himanshi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2Fmanmohan-wanted-to-give-bharat-ratna-to-atal-narasimha-rao-but-failed-baru%2Farticleshow%2F45723360.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRajeev2020" class="citation news cs1">Rajeev, M. (8 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/assembly-adopts-resolution-seeking-bharat-ratna-for-pv-narasimha-rao/article32553264.ece">"Telangana Assembly adopts resolution seeking Bharat Ratna for P.V. Narasimha Rao"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X">0971-751X</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200909033402/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/assembly-adopts-resolution-seeking-bharat-ratna-for-pv-narasimha-rao/article32553264.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 9 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Telangana+Assembly+adopts+resolution+seeking+Bharat+Ratna+for+P.V.+Narasimha+Rao&rft.date=2020-09-08&rft.issn=0971-751X&rft.aulast=Rajeev&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fcities%2FHyderabad%2Fassembly-adopts-resolution-seeking-bharat-ratna-for-pv-narasimha-rao%2Farticle32553264.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.siasat.com/telangana-assembly-proposes-bharata-ratna-for-pv-narasimha-rao-1968449/">"Telangana assembly proposes Bharata Ratna for PV Narasimha Rao"</a>. <i>The Siasat Daily</i>. 8 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210116062234/https://www.siasat.com/telangana-assembly-proposes-bharata-ratna-for-pv-narasimha-rao-1968449/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Siasat+Daily&rft.atitle=Telangana+assembly+proposes+Bharata+Ratna+for+PV+Narasimha+Rao&rft.date=2020-09-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.siasat.com%2Ftelangana-assembly-proposes-bharata-ratna-for-pv-narasimha-rao-1968449%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSitapati2018" class="citation book cs1">Sitapati, Vinay (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oUxUDwAAQBAJ&dq=P.+V.+Narasimha+Rao+married+in+1931&pg=PA16"><i>The Man who Remade India: A Biography of P.V. Narasimha Rao</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-069285-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-069285-8"><bdi>978-0-19-069285-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240209130638/https://books.google.com/books?id=oUxUDwAAQBAJ&dq=P.+V.+Narasimha+Rao+married+in+1931&pg=PA16#v=onepage&q=P.%20V.%20Narasimha%20Rao%20married%20in%201931&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Man+who+Remade+India%3A+A+Biography+of+P.V.+Narasimha+Rao&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-19-069285-8&rft.aulast=Sitapati&rft.aufirst=Vinay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoUxUDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3DP.%2BV.%2BNarasimha%2BRao%2Bmarried%2Bin%2B1931%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-raj1-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-raj1_109-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100812105543/http://www.parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok11/biodata/11ap35.htm">"Biographical Sketch of P.V. Rajeshwar Rao"</a>. Parliament of India. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok11/biodata/11ap35.htm">the original</a> on 12 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biographical+Sketch+of+P.V.+Rajeshwar+Rao&rft.pub=Parliament+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliamentofindia.nic.in%2Fls%2Flok11%2Fbiodata%2F11ap35.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-raj2-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-raj2_110-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721150223/http://www.mipgs.ac.in/pvrajeswararao.htm">"Sri. P.V.Rajeswara Rao"</a>. Matrusri Institute of P.G. Studies. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mipgs.ac.in/pvrajeswararao.htm">the original</a> on 21 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sri.+P.V.Rajeswara+Rao&rft.pub=Matrusri+Institute+of+P.G.+Studies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mipgs.ac.in%2Fpvrajeswararao.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReddy2016" class="citation news cs1">Reddy, C Rammanohar (22 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/Questions-about-Narasimha-Rao/article16078032.ece">"Questions about Narasimha Rao"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200725012533/https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/Questions-about-Narasimha-Rao/article16078032.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Questions+about+Narasimha+Rao&rft.date=2016-10-22&rft.aulast=Reddy&rft.aufirst=C+Rammanohar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fopinion%2Flead%2FQuestions-about-Narasimha-Rao%2Farticle16078032.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGupta2016" class="citation news cs1">Gupta, Smita (9 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/books/literary-review/In-the-pantheon-of-heroes/article14477852.ece">"In the pantheon of heroes"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200726202346/https://www.thehindu.com/books/literary-review/In-the-pantheon-of-heroes/article14477852.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=In+the+pantheon+of+heroes&rft.date=2016-07-09&rft.aulast=Gupta&rft.aufirst=Smita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fbooks%2Fliterary-review%2FIn-the-pantheon-of-heroes%2Farticle14477852.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHebbar2016" class="citation news cs1">Hebbar, Nistula (26 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/interview/%E2%80%98Politicians-were-the-heroes-of-1991%E2%80%99/article14662362.ece">"Politicians were the heroes of 1991"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220410184632/https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/interview/%E2%80%98Politicians-were-the-heroes-of-1991%E2%80%99/article14662362.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Politicians+were+the+heroes+of+1991&rft.date=2016-09-26&rft.aulast=Hebbar&rft.aufirst=Nistula&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fopinion%2Finterview%2F%25E2%2580%2598Politicians-were-the-heroes-of-1991%25E2%2580%2599%2Farticle14662362.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFM2015" class="citation news cs1">M, Ramesh (23 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/narasimha-raomanmohan-singh-jugalbandi-saved-india-jairam-ramesh/article7680560.ece">"Narasimha Rao-Manmohan Singh jugalbandi saved India: Jairam Ramesh"</a>. The Hindu Businessline. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230207033156/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/narasimha-raomanmohan-singh-jugalbandi-saved-india-jairam-ramesh/article7680560.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Narasimha+Rao-Manmohan+Singh+jugalbandi+saved+India%3A+Jairam+Ramesh&rft.date=2015-09-23&rft.aulast=M&rft.aufirst=Ramesh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindubusinessline.com%2Fnews%2Fnarasimha-raomanmohan-singh-jugalbandi-saved-india-jairam-ramesh%2Farticle7680560.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrown2004" class="citation web cs1">Brown, Derek (24 December 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2004/dec/24/guardianobituaries.india">"PV Narasimha Rao"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130828224716/http://www.theguardian.com/news/2004/dec/24/guardianobituaries.india">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=PV+Narasimha+Rao&rft.date=2004-12-24&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2F2004%2Fdec%2F24%2Fguardianobituaries.india&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zeenews.india.com/india/telangana-to-observe-year-long-centenary-celebrations-of-pv-narasimha-rao-from-june-28-2291603.html">"Telangana to observe year-long centenary celebrations of PV Narasimha Rao from June 28"</a>. <i>Zee News</i>. 23 June 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200730011521/https://zeenews.india.com/india/telangana-to-observe-year-long-centenary-celebrations-of-pv-narasimha-rao-from-june-28-2291603.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zee+News&rft.atitle=Telangana+to+observe+year-long+centenary+celebrations+of+PV+Narasimha+Rao+from+June+28&rft.date=2020-06-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzeenews.india.com%2Findia%2Ftelangana-to-observe-year-long-centenary-celebrations-of-pv-narasimha-rao-from-june-28-2291603.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFtitle" class="citation web cs1">title, IMDB. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt11598270/">"PV: Change with Continuity"</a>. <i>IMDB</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230415122131/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt11598270/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDB&rft.atitle=PV%3A+Change+with+Continuity&rft.aulast=title&rft.aufirst=IMDB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt11598270%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKotha" class="citation web cs1">Kotha, Sravani. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vimeo.com/ondemand/pvchangewithcontinuity">"PV: Change with Continuity"</a>. <i>www.vimeo.com</i>. Vimeo<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vimeo.com&rft.atitle=PV%3A+Change+with+Continuity&rft.aulast=Kotha&rft.aufirst=Sravani&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvimeo.com%2Fondemand%2Fpvchangewithcontinuity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAudio2019" class="citation web cs1">Audio, Madhura (31 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/-0IM7iPm_io">"PV NARASIMHA RAO – Change With Continuity Trailer"</a>. <i>Youtube</i>. Madhura Audio. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0IM7iPm_io">the original</a> on 30 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Youtube&rft.atitle=PV+NARASIMHA+RAO+%E2%80%93+Change+With+Continuity+Trailer&rft.date=2019-03-31&rft.aulast=Audio&rft.aufirst=Madhura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D-0IM7iPm_io&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDundoo2019" class="citation news cs1">Dundoo, Sangeetha Devi (22 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/electrical-engineers-sravani-and-srikar-discuss-their-documentary-pv-narasimha-rao-change-with-continuity/article26910770.ece">"A film for the archives"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190423132705/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/electrical-engineers-sravani-and-srikar-discuss-their-documentary-pv-narasimha-rao-change-with-continuity/article26910770.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=A+film+for+the+archives&rft.date=2019-04-22&rft.aulast=Dundoo&rft.aufirst=Sangeetha+Devi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmovies%2Felectrical-engineers-sravani-and-srikar-discuss-their-documentary-pv-narasimha-rao-change-with-continuity%2Farticle26910770.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDundoo2019" class="citation news cs1">Dundoo, Sangeetha Devi (22 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ntr-mahanayakudu-review-the-silent-show-stealer-is-young-chandrababu-naidu/article26339701.ece">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'NTR Mahanayakudu' review: A raging political storm"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X">0971-751X</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210611135709/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ntr-mahanayakudu-review-the-silent-show-stealer-is-young-chandrababu-naidu/article26339701.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=%27NTR+Mahanayakudu%27+review%3A+A+raging+political+storm&rft.date=2019-02-22&rft.issn=0971-751X&rft.aulast=Dundoo&rft.aufirst=Sangeetha+Devi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmovies%2Fntr-mahanayakudu-review-the-silent-show-stealer-is-young-chandrababu-naidu%2Farticle26339701.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kinopoisk.ru/film/accidental-prime-minister-the-2018-1078876/cast/">"The Accidental Prime Minister"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Kinopoisk" title="Kinopoisk">Kinopoisk</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180822145421/https://www.kinopoisk.ru/film/accidental-prime-minister-the-2018-1078876/cast/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kinopoisk&rft.atitle=The+Accidental+Prime+Minister&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kinopoisk.ru%2Ffilm%2Faccidental-prime-minister-the-2018-1078876%2Fcast%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/CzkzwFwnbWQ">"Pradhanmantri – Episode 20 on PV Narasimha Rao"</a>. <i>ABP News</i>. 24 November 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CzkzwFwnbWQ">the original</a> on 30 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABP+News&rft.atitle=Pradhanmantri+%E2%80%93+Episode+20+on+PV+Narasimha+Rao&rft.date=2013-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DCzkzwFwnbWQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFP_V_N_Rao2000" class="citation cs2">Rao, P V N (2000), <i>The Insider</i>, Penguin, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0140271171" title="Special:BookSources/978-0140271171"><bdi>978-0140271171</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Insider&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0140271171&rft.aulast=Rao&rft.aufirst=P+V+N&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReddy1993" class="citation cs2">Reddy, Narendra (1993), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wAVuAAAAMAAJ"><i>P.V. Narasimha Rao, years of power</i></a>, Har-Anand Publications, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788124101360" title="Special:BookSources/9788124101360"><bdi>9788124101360</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=P.V.+Narasimha+Rao%2C+years+of+power&rft.pub=Har-Anand+Publications&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9788124101360&rft.aulast=Reddy&rft.aufirst=Narendra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwAVuAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSitapati2016" class="citation cs2">Sitapati, Vinay (27 June 2016), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R2yCDAAAQBAJ"><i>Half - Lion: How P.V. Narasimha Rao Transformed India</i></a>, Penguin Random House India Private Limited, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789386057723" title="Special:BookSources/9789386057723"><bdi>9789386057723</bdi></a> – via Google Books</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Half+-+Lion%3A+How+P.V.+Narasimha+Rao+Transformed+India&rft.pub=Penguin+Random+House+India+Private+Limited&rft.date=2016-06-27&rft.isbn=9789386057723&rft.aulast=Sitapati&rft.aufirst=Vinay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR2yCDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The Quest For Peace with Kotha Satchidananda Murthy (1986)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170216101521/http://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article5438.html">The Great Suicide</a> written pseudonymously (1990) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMalik" class="citation web cs1">Malik, Ashok. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orfonline.org/research/rao-singh-and-the-great-suicide/">"Rao, Singh and the Great Suicide"</a>. <i>ORF</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ORF&rft.atitle=Rao%2C+Singh+and+the+Great+Suicide&rft.aulast=Malik&rft.aufirst=Ashok&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.orfonline.org%2Fresearch%2Frao-singh-and-the-great-suicide%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>India and the Asia-Pacific: Forging a New Relationship (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Insider_(Rao_novel)" title="The Insider (Rao novel)">The Insider</a> (1998)</li> <li>A Long Way: Selected Speeches (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayodhya_6_December_1992" title="Ayodhya 6 December 1992">Ayodhya 6 December 1992</a> published posthumously (2006)</li> <li>Half – Lion: How P.V Narasimha Rao Transformed India by Vinay Sitapati (2016), Retitled in 2018 when released by Oxford University Press as The Man Who Remade India: A Biography of P.V. Narasimha Rao by Vinay Sitapathi</li> <li>1991: How P.V. Narasimha Rao Made History by <a href="/wiki/Sanjaya_Baru" title="Sanjaya Baru">Sanjaya Baru</a> (2016)</li> <li>Narasimha Rao: Unsung Hero by Krishna Mohan Sharma (2017)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFP._V._Narasimha_Rao2006" class="citation cs2">P. V. Narasimha Rao (2006), <i>Ayodhya 6 December 1992</i>, Penguin Books India, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0670058580" title="Special:BookSources/0670058580"><bdi>0670058580</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ayodhya+6+December+1992&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+India&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0670058580&rft.au=P.+V.+Narasimha+Rao&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP.+V.+Narasimha+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Shukla, Subhash. "Foreign Policy Of India Under Narasimha Rao Government" (PhD dissertation, U of Allahabad, 1999) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.14466">online free</a>, bibliography pp 488–523.</li> <li>Singh, Sangeeta. "Trends in India's Foreign Policy: 1991–2009." (PhD dissertation, Aligarh Muslim University, 2016) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190328230921/http://ir.amu.ac.in/11775/1/T10126.pdf">online</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/P. V. Narasimha Rao">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:P._V._Narasimha_Rao" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:P. V. Narasimha Rao">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL106376A">Works by P. V. Narasimha Rao</a> at <a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">Open Library</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275146#P648" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?22785">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Offices_and_distinctions91" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Offices_and_distinctions91" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Offices and distinctions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> President of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> </b><br />1991–1996 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sitaram_Kesri" title="Sitaram Kesri">Sitaram Kesri</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Kasu_Brahmananda_Reddy" title="Kasu Brahmananda Reddy">Kasu Brahmananda Reddy</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chief_Ministers_of_Andhra_Pradesh" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chief Ministers of Andhra Pradesh">Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh</a> </b><br />1971–1973 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jalagam_Vengala_Rao" title="Jalagam Vengala Rao">Jalagam Vengala Rao</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Shyam_Nandan_Prasad_Mishra" title="Shyam Nandan Prasad Mishra">Shyam Nandan Prasad Mishra</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Minister of External Affairs (India)">Minister of External Affairs</a> </b><br />1980–1984 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Prakash_Chandra_Sethi" title="Prakash Chandra Sethi">Prakash Chandra Sethi</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Minister of Home Affairs (India)">Minister of Home Affairs</a> </b><br />1984 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Shankarrao_Chavan" title="Shankarrao Chavan">Shankarrao Chavan</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(India)" title="Minister of Defence (India)">Minister of Defence</a> </b><br />1984–1985 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Shankarrao_Chavan" title="Shankarrao Chavan">Shankarrao Chavan</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Minister of Home Affairs (India)">Minister of Home Affairs</a> </b><br />1986 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sardar_Buta_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardar Buta Singh">Sardar Buta Singh</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Minister of External Affairs (India)">Minister of External Affairs</a> </b><br />1988–1989 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/V._P._Singh" title="V. P. Singh">Vishwanath Pratap Singh</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar" title="Chandra Shekhar">Chandra Shekhar</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a> </b><br />1991–1996 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Madhavsinh_Solanki" class="mw-redirect" title="Madhavsinh Solanki">Madhavsinh Solanki</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Minister of External Affairs (India)">Minister of External Affairs</a> </b><br />1992–1993 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Dinesh_Singh_(politician,_born_1925)" title="Dinesh Singh (politician, born 1925)">Dinesh Singh</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sharad_Pawar" title="Sharad Pawar">Sharad Pawar</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(India)" title="Minister of Defence (India)">Minister of Defence</a> </b><br />1993–1996 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Pramod_Mahajan" title="Pramod Mahajan">Pramod Mahajan</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FACEFF;">Diplomatic posts </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Khaleda_Zia" title="Khaleda Zia">Khaleda Zia</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chairperson of <a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">SAARC</a> </b><br />1995 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Maumoon_Abdul_Gayoom" title="Maumoon Abdul Gayoom">Maumoon Abdul Gayoom</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prime_Minister_of_India1245" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prime_ministers_of_India" title="Template:Prime ministers of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prime_ministers_of_India" title="Template talk:Prime ministers of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prime_ministers_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prime ministers of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prime_Minister_of_India1245" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of prime ministers of India">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_India_by_previous_experience" title="List of prime ministers of India by previous experience">By previous experience</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prime ministers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Premiership of Lal Bahadur Shastri">Premiership</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai">Morarji Desai</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Morarji_Desai" title="Premiership of Morarji Desai">Premiership</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charan_Singh" title="Charan Singh">Charan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._P._Singh" title="V. P. Singh">V. P. Singh</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_V._P._Singh" title="Premiership of V. P. Singh">Premiership</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar" title="Chandra Shekhar">Chandra Shekhar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Premiership of Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Premiership</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._D._Deve_Gowda" title="H. D. Deve Gowda">H. D. Deve Gowda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inder_Kumar_Gujral" title="Inder Kumar Gujral">Inder Kumar Gujral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Incumbent)</span> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Narendra_Modi" title="Premiership of Narendra Modi">Premiership</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of India"><img alt="Emblem of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/31px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/47px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/63px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Acting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulzarilal_Nanda" title="Gulzarilal Nanda">Gulzarilal Nanda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of things named after prime ministers of India">Things named after prime ministers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="List of things named after Jawaharlal Nehru">Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Indira_Gandhi" title="List of things named after Indira Gandhi">Indira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Rajiv_Gandhi" title="List of things named after Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Office_(India)" title="Prime Minister's Office (India)">Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7,_Lok_Kalyan_Marg" title="7, Lok Kalyan Marg">Residence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of international trips made by prime ministers of India">International trips</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Jawaharlal Nehru">Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Indira_Gandhi" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Indira Gandhi">Indira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Vajpayee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Narendra_Modi" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Narendra Modi">Modi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spouse_of_the_prime_minister_of_India" title="Spouse of the prime minister of India">Spouses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_children_of_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of children of prime ministers of India">Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nicknames_of_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of nicknames of prime ministers of India">Nicknames</a></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Prime_ministers_of_India" title="Category:Prime ministers of India">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Defence_ministers_of_India152" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Defence_ministers_of_India" title="Template:Defence ministers of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Defence_ministers_of_India" title="Template talk:Defence ministers of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Defence_ministers_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Defence ministers of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Defence_ministers_of_India152" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(India)" title="Minister of Defence (India)">Defence ministers of India</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baldev_Singh" title="Baldev Singh">Baldev Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._Gopalaswami_Ayyangar" title="N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar">N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kailash_Nath_Katju" title="Kailash Nath Katju">Kailash Nath Katju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._K._Krishna_Menon" title="V. K. Krishna Menon">V. K. Krishna Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashwantrao_Chavan" title="Yashwantrao Chavan">Yashwantrao Chavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaran_Singh" title="Swaran Singh">Swaran Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagjivan_Ram" title="Jagjivan Ram">Jagjivan Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bansi_Lal" title="Bansi Lal">Bansi Lal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chidambaram_Subramaniam" title="Chidambaram Subramaniam">Chidambaram Subramaniam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Venkataraman" class="mw-redirect" title="R. Venkataraman">R. Venkataraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankarrao_Chavan" title="Shankarrao Chavan">Shankarrao Chavan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishwanath_Pratap_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishwanath Pratap Singh">Vishwanath Pratap Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._C._Pant" title="K. C. Pant">K. C. Pant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar" title="Chandra Shekhar">Chandra Shekhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharad_Pawar" title="Sharad Pawar">Sharad Pawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramod_Mahajan" title="Pramod Mahajan">Pramod Mahajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulayam_Singh_Yadav" title="Mulayam Singh Yadav">Mulayam Singh Yadav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Fernandes" title="George Fernandes">George Fernandes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaswant_Singh" title="Jaswant Singh">Jaswant Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._K._Antony" title="A. K. Antony">A. K. Antony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Jaitley" title="Arun Jaitley">Arun Jaitley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manohar_Parrikar" title="Manohar Parrikar">Manohar Parrikar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmala_Sitharaman" title="Nirmala Sitharaman">Nirmala Sitharaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajnath_Singh" title="Rajnath Singh">Rajnath Singh</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of India"><img alt="Emblem of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/47px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/71px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/94px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)213" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Home_Ministry_(India)" title="Template:Home Ministry (India)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Home_Ministry_(India)" title="Template talk:Home Ministry (India)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Home_Ministry_(India)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Home Ministry (India)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)213" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (India)">Ministry of Home Affairs (India)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Departments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Department of Internal Security</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Police_Service" title="Indian Police Service">Indian Police Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Bureau_(India)" title="Intelligence Bureau (India)">Intelligence Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Reserve_Police_Force" title="Central Reserve Police Force">Central Reserve Police Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Police_Research_and_Development" title="Bureau of Police Research and Development">Bureau of Police Research and Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Industrial_Security_Force" title="Central Industrial Security Force">Central Industrial Security Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Guard" title="National Security Guard">National Security Guard</a></li> <li>National Institute of Criminology and Forensic Sciences</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Crime_Records_Bureau" title="National Crime Records Bureau">National Crime Records Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Civil_Defence_College" title="National Civil Defence College">National Civil Defence College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Investigation_Agency" title="National Investigation Agency">National Investigation Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Crime_Investigation_Bureau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Crime Investigation Bureau (page does not exist)">National Crime Investigation Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Eastern_Council" title="North Eastern Council">North Eastern Council</a></li> <li>North Eastern Police Academy</li> <li>Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar_Vallabhbhai_Patel_National_Police_Academy" title="Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy">Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam_Rifles" title="Assam Rifles">Assam Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Rifles" title="Rashtriya Rifles">Rashtriya Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcotics_Control_Bureau" title="Narcotics Control Bureau">Narcotics Control Bureau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Department of Official Language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Central Translation Bureau</li> <li>Central Hindi Training Institute</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Armed_Police_Forces" title="Central Armed Police Forces">Central Armed Police Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Border_Security_Force" title="Border Security Force">Border Security Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Tibetan_Border_Police" title="Indo-Tibetan Border Police">Indo-Tibetan Border Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sashastra_Seema_Bal" title="Sashastra Seema Bal">Sashastra Seema Bal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Reserve_Police_Force" title="Central Reserve Police Force">Central Reserve Police Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Industrial_Security_Force" title="Central Industrial Security Force">Central Industrial Security Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Guards" class="mw-redirect" title="National Security Guards">National Security Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Frontier_Force" title="Special Frontier Force">Special Frontier Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam_Rifles" title="Assam Rifles">Assam Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Security_Corps" title="Defence Security Corps">Defence Security Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bureaus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Immigration_(India)" title="Bureau of Immigration (India)">Bureau of Immigration (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcotics_Control_Bureau" title="Narcotics Control Bureau">Narcotics Control Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Crime_Records_Bureau" title="National Crime Records Bureau">National Crime Records Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Central Bureau of Investigation">Central Bureau of Investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Crime_Investigation_Bureau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Crime Investigation Bureau (page does not exist)">National Crime Investigation Bureau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other departments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Department of Jammu and Kashmir Affairs</li> <li>Department of Home</li> <li>Department of States</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of India"><img alt="Emblem of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/47px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/71px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/94px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Home secretaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._N._Banerjee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R. N. Banerjee (page does not exist)">R. N. Banerjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._V._R._Iyengar" class="mw-redirect" title="H. V. R. Iyengar">H. V. R. Iyengar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._V._Pai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A. V. Pai (page does not exist)">A. V. Pai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B._N._Jha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="B. N. Jha (page does not exist)">B. N. Jha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=V._Vishwanathan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="V. Vishwanathan (page does not exist)">V. Vishwanathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._P._Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="L. P. Singh">L. P. Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govind_Narain" title="Govind Narain">Govind Narain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N._K._Mukherjee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N. K. Mukherjee (page does not exist)">N. K. Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S._L._Khurana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S. L. Khurana (page does not exist)">S. L. Khurana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T._C._A._Srinivasavaradan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T. C. A. Srinivasavaradan (page does not exist)">T. C. A. Srinivasavaradan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._M._H._Burney" title="S. M. H. Burney">S. M. H. Burney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._N._Chaturvedi" title="T. N. Chaturvedi">T. N. Chaturvedi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M._M._K._Wali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M. M. K. Wali (page does not exist)">M. M. K. Wali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prem_Kumar_(politician)" title="Prem Kumar (politician)">Prem Kumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._D._Pradhan" title="R. D. Pradhan">R. D. Pradhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._G._Somiah" title="C. G. Somiah">C. G. Somiah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._A._Kalyankrishnan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. A. Kalyankrishnan (page does not exist)">J. A. Kalyankrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shiromani_Sharma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shiromani Sharma (page does not exist)">Shiromani Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naresh_Chandra" title="Naresh Chandra">Naresh Chandra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._K._Bhargava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R. K. Bhargava (page does not exist)">R. K. Bhargava</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madhav_Godbole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madhav Godbole (page does not exist)">Madhav Godbole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._N._Vohra" class="mw-redirect" title="N. N. Vohra">N. N. Vohra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Padmanabhaiah" title="K. Padmanabhaiah">K. Padmanabhaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balmiki_Prasad_Singh" title="Balmiki Prasad Singh">Balmiki Prasad Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamal_Pande&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamal Pande (page does not exist)">Kamal Pande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._Gopalaswami" title="N. Gopalaswami">N. Gopalaswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anil_Baijal" title="Anil Baijal">Anil Baijal</a></li> <li>Dhirendra Singh</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinod_Kumar_Duggal" title="Vinod Kumar Duggal">Vinod Kumar Duggal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Krishna_Pillai" title="Gopal Krishna Pillai">Gopal Krishna Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._K._Singh" title="R. K. Singh">R. K. Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anil_Goswami" title="Anil Goswami">Anil Goswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._C._Goyal" title="L. C. Goyal">L. C. Goyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Mehrishi" title="Rajiv Mehrishi">Rajiv Mehrishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gauba" title="Rajiv Gauba">Rajiv Gauba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajay_Kumar_Bhalla" title="Ajay Kumar Bhalla">Ajay Kumar Bhalla</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Home ministers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vallabhbhai_Patel" title="Vallabhbhai Patel">Vallabhbhai Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Rajagopalachari" title="C. Rajagopalachari">C. Rajagopalachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kailash_Nath_Katju" title="Kailash Nath Katju">Kailash Nath Katju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govind_Ballabh_Pant" title="Govind Ballabh Pant">Govind Ballabh Pant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulzari_Lal_Nanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulzari Lal Nanda">Gulzari Lal Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashwantrao_Chavan" title="Yashwantrao Chavan">Yashwantrao Chavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uma_Shankar_Dikshit" title="Uma Shankar Dikshit">Uma Shankar Dikshit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasu_Brahmananda_Reddy" title="Kasu Brahmananda Reddy">Kasu Brahmananda Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charan_Singh" title="Charan Singh">Charan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai">Morarji Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirubhai_M._Patel" title="Hirubhai M. Patel">Hirubhai M. Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zail_Singh" title="Zail Singh">Zail Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Venkataraman" class="mw-redirect" title="R. Venkataraman">R. Venkataraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prakash_Chandra_Sethi" title="Prakash Chandra Sethi">Prakash Chandra Sethi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankarrao_Chavan" title="Shankarrao Chavan">Shankarrao Chavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buta_Singh" title="Buta Singh">Buta Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mufti_Mohammad_Sayeed" title="Mufti Mohammad Sayeed">Mufti Mohammad Sayeed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar" title="Chandra Shekhar">Chandra Shekhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murli_Manohar_Joshi" title="Murli Manohar Joshi">Murli Manohar Joshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._D._Deve_Gowda" title="H. D. Deve Gowda">H. D. Deve Gowda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indrajit_Gupta" title="Indrajit Gupta">Indrajit Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">L. K. Advani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivraj_Patil" title="Shivraj Patil">Shivraj Patil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Chidambaram" title="P. Chidambaram">P. Chidambaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushilkumar_Shinde" title="Sushilkumar Shinde">Sushilkumar Shinde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajnath_Singh" title="Rajnath Singh">Rajnath Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amit_Shah" title="Amit Shah">Amit Shah</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of state <br /> for home affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ratanjit_Pratap_Narain_Singh" title="Ratanjit Pratap Narain Singh">Ratanjit Pratap Narain Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiren_Rijiju" title="Kiren Rijiju">Kiren Rijiju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Kishan_Reddy" title="G. Kishan Reddy">G. Kishan Reddy</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Energy_ministries_and_departments_of_India392" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Energy_ministries_and_departments_of_India" title="Template:Energy ministries and departments of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Energy_ministries_and_departments_of_India" title="Template talk:Energy ministries and departments of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Energy_ministries_and_departments_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Energy ministries and departments of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Energy_ministries_and_departments_of_India392" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Energy ministries and departments of India</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Power_(India)" title="Ministry of Power (India)">Power</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Statutory bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Electricity_Authority_(India)" title="Central Electricity Authority (India)">Central Electricity Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Electricity_Regulatory_Commission" title="Central Electricity Regulatory Commission">Central Electricity Regulatory Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Energy_Efficiency" title="Bureau of Energy Efficiency">Bureau of Energy Efficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damodar_Valley_Corporation" title="Damodar Valley Corporation">Damodar Valley Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Power_Research_Institute" title="Central Power Research Institute">Central Power Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Power_Training_Institute" title="National Power Training Institute">National Power Training Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">PSUs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NTPC_Limited" title="NTPC Limited">NTPC Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHPC_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="NHPC Limited">NHPC Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Eastern_Electric_Power_Corporation_Limited" title="North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited">North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Finance_Corporation" title="Power Finance Corporation">Power Finance Corporation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/REC_Limited" title="REC Limited">REC Limited</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Grid_Corporation_of_India" title="Power Grid Corporation of India">Power Grid Corporation of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THDC_India_Limited" title="THDC India Limited">THDC India Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_System_Operation_Corporation" title="Power System Operation Corporation">Power System Operation Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of India"><img alt="Emblem of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/47px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/71px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/94px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_New_and_Renewable_Energy" title="Ministry of New and Renewable Energy">New and<br /> Renewable Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Energy_Corporation_of_India" title="Solar Energy Corporation of India">Solar Energy Corporation of India</a> (SECI)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Coal" title="Ministry of Coal">Ministry of Coal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal_India" title="Coal India">Coal India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Coking_Coal" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharat Coking Coal">Bharat Coking Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Mine_Planning_and_Design_Institute" title="Central Mine Planning and Design Institute">Central Mine Planning and Design Institute</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NLC_India_Limited" title="NLC India Limited">NLC India Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singareni_Collieries_Company" title="Singareni Collieries Company">Singareni Collieries Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_Mines_Provident_Fund_Organisation" title="Coal Mines Provident Fund Organisation">Coal Mines Provident Fund Organisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Petroleum_and_Natural_Gas" title="Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas">Petroleum and<br />Natural Gas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Petroleum_and_Energy" title="Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy">Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi_Institute_of_Petroleum_Technology" title="Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology">Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandit_Deendayal_Energy_University" title="Pandit Deendayal Energy University">Pandit Deendayal Energy University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_General_of_Hydrocarbons" title="Directorate General of Hydrocarbons">Directorate General of Hydrocarbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_Industry_Safety_Directorate" title="Oil Industry Safety Directorate">Oil Industry Safety Directorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_Conservation_Research_Association" title="Petroleum Conservation Research Association">Petroleum Conservation Research Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balmer_Lawrie" title="Balmer Lawrie">Balmer Lawrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chennai_Petroleum_Corporation_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited">Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Petroleum" title="Bharat Petroleum">Bharat Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineers_India_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Engineers India Limited">Engineers India Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_Authority_of_India_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas Authority of India Limited">Gas Authority of India Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Oil_Corporation" title="Indian Oil Corporation">Indian Oil Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numaligarh_Refinery_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Numaligarh Refinery Limited">Numaligarh Refinery Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_India" title="Oil India">Oil India Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_and_Natural_Gas_Corporation" title="Oil and Natural Gas Corporation">Oil and Natural Gas Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Petroleum" title="Hindustan Petroleum">Hindustan Petroleum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biecco_Lawrie" title="Biecco Lawrie">Biecco Lawrie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Petroleum_Reserve_(India)" title="Strategic Petroleum Reserve (India)">Strategic Petroleum Reserve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Atomic_Energy" title="Department of Atomic Energy">Department of<br />Atomic Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apex board</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_Energy_Commission_of_India" title="Atomic Energy Commission of India">Atomic Energy Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulatory board</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_Energy_Regulatory_Board" title="Atomic Energy Regulatory Board">Atomic Energy Regulatory Board</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">R&D</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhabha_Atomic_Research_Centre" title="Bhabha Atomic Research Centre">Bhabha Atomic Research Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_Minerals_Directorate_for_Exploration_and_Research" title="Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research">Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi_Centre_for_Atomic_Research" title="Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research">Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Ramanna_Centre_for_Advanced_Technology" title="Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology">Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable_Energy_Cyclotron_Centre" title="Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre">Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Centre_for_Nuclear_Energy_Partnership" title="Global Centre for Nuclear Energy Partnership">Global Centre for Nuclear Energy Partnership</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">PSUs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronics_Corporation_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronics Corporation of India">Electronics Corporation of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rare_Earths_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Rare Earths Limited">Indian Rare Earths Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranium_Corporation_of_India" title="Uranium Corporation of India">Uranium Corporation of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Power_Corporation_of_India" title="Nuclear Power Corporation of India">Nuclear Power Corporation of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BHAVINI" title="BHAVINI">Bharatiya Nabhkiya Vidyut Nigam Limited</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industrial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_Water_Board" title="Heavy Water Board">Heavy Water Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Fuel_Complex" title="Nuclear Fuel Complex">Nuclear Fuel Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Radiation_and_Isotope_Technology" title="Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology">Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Science_Education_and_Research,_Bhubaneswar" class="mw-redirect" title="National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar">National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Board_for_Higher_Mathematics" title="National Board for Higher Mathematics">National Board for Higher Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_Energy_Education_Society" title="Atomic Energy Education Society">Atomic Energy Education Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Memorial_Centre" title="Tata Memorial Centre">Tata Memorial Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Excellence_in_Basic_Sciences" title="Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences">Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saha_Institute_of_Nuclear_Physics" title="Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics">Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Physics,_Bhubaneswar" title="Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar">Institute of Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harish-Chandra_Research_Institute" title="Harish-Chandra Research Institute">Harish-Chandra Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Mathematical_Sciences,_Chennai" title="Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai">Institute of Mathematical Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Plasma_Research" title="Institute for Plasma Research">Institute for Plasma Research</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Ministry_of_Chemicals_and_Fertilizers_(India)214" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ministry_of_Chemicals_and_Fertilizers_(India)" title="Template:Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers (India)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ministry_of_Chemicals_and_Fertilizers_(India)" title="Template talk:Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers (India)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ministry_of_Chemicals_and_Fertilizers_(India)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers (India)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Ministry_of_Chemicals_and_Fertilizers_(India)214" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Chemicals_and_Fertilizers_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers (India)">Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers (India)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Departments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chemicals and Petro-Chemicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Chemical Division</li> <li>Petrochemicals Division</li> <li>Monitoring and Evaluation Division (M&E Division)</li> <li>Plastic Parks</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fertilizers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Urea Pricing Policy Division</li> <li>Fertilizer Movement</li> <li>Phosphatic and Potassic (P&K) Fertilizer Policy and Projects</li> <li>Fertilizer Subsidy Division</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pharmaceuticals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Pharmaceutical_Pricing_Authority" title="National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority">National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drug_Price_Control_Order&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drug Price Control Order (page does not exist)">Drug Price Control Order</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of India"><img alt="Emblem of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/47px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/71px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/94px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">CIPET</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Institute_of_Petrochemicals_Engineering_and_Technology" title="Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering and Technology">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Institute_of_Plastics_Engineering_%26_Technology,_Bhubaneswar" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology, Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Institute_of_Plastics_Engineering_%26_Technology,_Hajipur" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology, Hajipur">Hajipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Institute_of_Plastics_Engineering_%26_Technology,_Khunti" title="Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology, Khunti">Khunti</a></li> <li>Ahmedabad</li> <li>Amritsar</li> <li>Aurangabad</li> <li>Bhopal</li> <li>Guwahati</li> <li>Hyderabad</li> <li>Haldia</li> <li>Jaipur</li> <li>Imphal</li> <li>Lucknow</li> <li>Mysore</li> <li>Panipat</li> <li>Madurai</li> <li>Raipur</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bulk Drug Parks</li> <li>Medical Devices Parks</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu_PCPIR" title="Tamil Nadu PCPIR">Tamil Nadu PCPIR</a></li> <li>Talcher Fertilizer LTD</li> <li>Ramagundam Fertilizers And Chemicals Limited</li> <li>Hindustan Urvarak & Rasayan LTD</li> <li>Paradeep Plastic Park</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">PSUs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Chemicals_and_Pharmaceuticals" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengal Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals">Bengal Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals Limited</a> (BCPL)</li> <li>Bramhaputra Valley Fertiliser Corporation Limited (BVFCL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FCI_Aravali_Gypsum_and_Minerals_(India)_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="FCI Aravali Gypsum and Minerals (India) Limited">FCI Aravali Gypsum and Minerals (India) Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fertilisers_and_Chemicals_Travancore" title="Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore">Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore Limited</a> (FACT)</li> <li>Fertiliser Association of India (FAI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fertilizer_Corporation_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertilizer Corporation of India">Fertilizer Corporation of India</a> (FCIL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Antibiotics" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindustan Antibiotics">Hindustan Antibiotics Limited</a> (HAL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Insecticides" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindustan Insecticides">Hindustan Insecticides Limited</a> (HIL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Organic_Chemicals_Limited" title="Hindustan Organic Chemicals Limited">Hindustan Organic Chemicals Limited</a> (HOCL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madras_Fertilizers" class="mw-redirect" title="Madras Fertilizers">Madras Fertilizers Limited</a> (MFL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fertilizers" title="National Fertilizers">National Fertilisers Limited</a> (NFL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Projects_and_Development_India_Limited" title="Projects and Development India Limited">Projects and Development India Limited</a> (PDIL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Chemicals_%26_Fertilizers" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers">Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertilisers Limited</a> (RCF)</li> <li>Bramhaputra Cracker and Polymer Limited (BCPL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat_State_Fertilizers_and_Chemicals" title="Gujarat State Fertilizers and Chemicals">Gujarat State Fertilizers and Chemicals Limited</a> (GSFC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Farmers_Fertiliser_Cooperative" title="Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative">Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative</a> (IFFCO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishak_Bharati_Cooperative" class="mw-redirect" title="Krishak Bharati Cooperative">Krishak Bharati Cooperative Limited</a> (KRIBHCO)</li> <li>Karnataka Antibiotics & Pharmaceuticals Ltd</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>S Aparna <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Lakhan_Singh_Yadav" title="Ram Lakhan Singh Yadav">Ram Lakhan Singh Yadav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sis_Ram_Ola" class="mw-redirect" title="Sis Ram Ola">Sis Ram Ola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Arunachalam_(politician)" title="M. Arunachalam (politician)">M. Arunachalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surjit_Singh_Barnala" title="Surjit Singh Barnala">Surjit Singh Barnala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suresh_Prabhu" title="Suresh Prabhu">Suresh Prabhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunder_Lal_Patwa" title="Sunder Lal Patwa">Sunder Lal Patwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhdev_Singh_Dhindsa" title="Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa">Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Vilas_Paswan" title="Ram Vilas Paswan">Ram Vilas Paswan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._K._Azhagiri" class="mw-redirect" title="M. K. Azhagiri">M. K. Azhagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srikant_Kumar_Jena" title="Srikant Kumar Jena">Srikant Kumar Jena</a><i>(MoS, IC)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananth_Kumar" title="Ananth Kumar">Ananth Kumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._V._Sadananda_Gowda" class="mw-redirect" title="D. V. Sadananda Gowda">D. V. Sadananda Gowda</a><span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mansukh_L._Mandaviya" class="mw-redirect" title="Mansukh L. Mandaviya">Mansukh L. Mandaviya</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plast_India_2020&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plast India 2020 (page does not exist)">Plast India 2020</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Ministry_of_Commerce_and_Industry_(India)255" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ministry_of_Commerce_and_Industry_(India)" title="Template:Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ministry_of_Commerce_and_Industry_(India)" title="Template talk:Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ministry_of_Commerce_and_Industry_(India)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Ministry_of_Commerce_and_Industry_(India)255" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Commerce_and_Industry_(India)" title="Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)">Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Department<br />of<br />Commerce</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Administrative & General Division</li> <li>Finance Division</li> <li>Economic Division</li> <li>Trade Policy Division</li> <li>Foreign Trade</li> <li>Territorial Division</li> <li>Plantation Division</li> <li>Supply Division</li> <li>State Trading & Infrastructure Division</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attached &<br />Subordinate Offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_General_of_Foreign_Trade" title="Directorate General of Foreign Trade">Directorate General of Foreign Trade</a></li> <li>Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals (DGS&D)</li> <li>Directorate General of Anti-Dumping & Allied Duties (DGAD)</li> <li>Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence & Statistics, Kolkata</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_special_economic_zones_in_India" title="List of special economic zones in India">Special Economic Zones</a></li> <li>Pay & Account Office (Supply, Commerce & Textiles)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous Bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Commodity Boards</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_and_Processed_Food_Products_Export_Development_Authority" title="Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority">Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority</a></li> <li>Export Inspection Council</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Foreign_Trade" title="Indian Institute of Foreign Trade">Indian Institute of Foreign Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Packaging" title="Indian Institute of Packaging">Indian Institute of Packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Products_Export_Development_Authority" title="Marine Products Export Development Authority">Marine Products Export Development Authority</a> <ul><li>National Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture (NaCSA)</li> <li>Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Aquaculture (RGCA)</li> <li>Network for Fish Quality Management & Sustainable Fishing (NETFISH)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">PSUs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>State Trading Corporation (STC)</li> <li>PEC Limited</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMTC_Ltd" title="MMTC Ltd">MMTC Ltd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Export_Credit_Guarantee_Corporation_of_India" title="Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of India">Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Trade_Promotion_Organisation" title="India Trade Promotion Organisation">India Trade Promotion Organisation</a></li> <li>Pay & Account Office (Supply, Commerce & Textiles)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advisory Bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Board of Trade (BOT)</li> <li>Inter State Trade Council</li> <li>Council for Trade Development & Promotion</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Export_Promotion_Organisations_in_India" title="List of Export Promotion Organisations in India">Export<br />Promotion Councils</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_Exports_Promotion_Council" title="Engineering Exports Promotion Council">Engineering Exports Promotion Council</a></li> <li>Project Export Promotion Council of India (PEPC)</li> <li>Basic Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Export Promotion Council (Chemexcil)</li> <li>Chemicals & Allied Products Export Promotion Council (CAPEXIL)</li> <li>Council for Leather Exports</li> <li>Sports Goods Export Promotion Council</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gem_and_Jewellery_Export_Promotion_Council" title="Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council">Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council</a></li> <li>Shellac Export Promotion Council</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cashew_Export_Promotion_Council_of_India" title="Cashew Export Promotion Council of India">Cashew Export Promotion Council of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_Export_Promotion_Council" title="Pharmaceutical Export Promotion Council">Pharmaceutical Export Promotion Council</a></li> <li>The Plastics Export Promotion Council</li> <li>Indian Oil Seeds & Produce Export Promotion Council (IOPEPC)</li> <li>Services Export Promotion Council</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Indian_Export_Organisations" title="Federation of Indian Export Organisations">Federation of Indian Export Organisations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Diamond_Institute" title="Indian Diamond Institute">Indian Diamond Institute</a></li> <li>Footwear Design & Development Institute (FDDI)</li> <li>National Centre for Trade Information</li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Brand_Equity_Foundation" title="India Brand Equity Foundation">India Brand Equity Foundation</a></li> <li>Price Stabilization Fund Trust</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of India"><img alt="Emblem of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/47px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/71px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/94px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_for_Promotion_of_Industry_and_Internal_Trade" title="Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade">DPIIT</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Statutory Bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Intellectual Property Appellate Board</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_and_Explosives_Safety_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Petroleum and Explosives Safety Organisation">Petroleum and Explosives Safety Organisation</a></li> <li>Copyright Office</li> <li>Semiconductor Integrated Circuits Layout-Design Registry</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous<br />Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>National Council for Cement & Building Materials (NCCBM)</li> <li>Indian Rubber Manufacturers Research Association (IRMRA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Design" title="National Institute of Design">National Institute of Design</a></li> <li>National Productivity Council (NPC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_Council_of_India" title="Quality Council of India">Quality Council of India</a></li> <li>Central Manufacturing Technology Institute (CMTI)</li> <li>Central Pulp & Paper Research Institute (CPPRI)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attached &<br />Subordinate offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Grievance Offices</li> <li>Controller General of Patents, Designs & Trade Marks</li> <li>Office of Chief Controller of Accounts (Disclosure of Central Government Accounting Data) <ul><li>Rajiv Gandhi National Institute of Intellectual Property Management (NIIPM)</li></ul></li> <li>Principal Account Office</li> <li>Office of Technical Adviser (Boilers)</li> <li>Tariff Commission</li> <li>Office of the Salt Commissioner</li> <li>Office of the Economic Adviser</li> <li>National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council</li> <li>Office of Chief Controller of Accounts</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Guruprasad Mohapatra<span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syama_Prasad_Mukherjee" title="Syama Prasad Mukherjee">Syama Prasad Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harekrushna_Mahtab" class="mw-redirect" title="Harekrushna Mahtab">Harekrushna Mahtab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nityanand_Kanungo" title="Nityanand Kanungo">Nityanand Kanungo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Subhag_Singh" title="Ram Subhag Singh">Ram Subhag Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._C._Dasappa" title="H. C. Dasappa">H. C. Dasappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribhuvan_Narain_Singh" title="Tribhuvan Narain Singh">Tribhuvan Narain Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damodaram_Sanjivayya" title="Damodaram Sanjivayya">Damodaram Sanjivayya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._A._Ahmed" class="mw-redirect" title="F. A. Ahmed">F. A. Ahmed</a><i>(Industrial Development)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinesh_Singh_(Uttar_Pradesh_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinesh Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)">Dinesh Singh</a> <i>(Industrial Development & Internal Trade)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moinul_Hoque_Choudhury" title="Moinul Hoque Choudhury">Moinul Hoque Choudhury</a><i>(Industrial Development)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_Subramaniam" class="mw-redirect" title="C Subramaniam">C Subramaniam</a><i>(Industrial Development)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._A._Pai" title="T. A. Pai">T. A. Pai</a><i>(Industry)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brij_Lal_Verma" class="mw-redirect" title="Brij Lal Verma">Brij Lal Verma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Fernandes" title="George Fernandes">George Fernandes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasu_Brahmananda_Reddy" title="Kasu Brahmananda Reddy">Kasu Brahmananda Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._A._Pai" title="T. A. Pai">T. A. Pai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._D._Tiwari" title="N. D. Tiwari">N. D. Tiwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotla_Vijay_Bhaskar_Reddy" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotla Vijay Bhaskar Reddy">Kotla Vijay Bhaskar Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veerendra_Patil" title="Veerendra Patil">Veerendra Patil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._D._Tiwari" title="N. D. Tiwari">N. D. Tiwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Vengala_Rao" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Vengala Rao">J. Vengala Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Karunakaran" title="K. Karunakaran">K. Karunakaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suresh_Prabhu" title="Suresh Prabhu">Suresh Prabhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murasoli_Maran" title="Murasoli Maran">Murasoli Maran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikandar_Bakht" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikandar Bakht">Sikandar Bakht</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commerce</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I._I._Chundrigar" title="I. I. Chundrigar">I. I. Chundrigar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooverji_Hormusji_Bhabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooverji Hormusji Bhabha">Cooverji Hormusji Bhabha</a> <i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kshitish_Chandra_Neogy" title="Kshitish Chandra Neogy">Kshitish Chandra Neogy</a> <i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a><i>(Commerce & Industry)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Prakasa" title="Sri Prakasa">Sri Prakasa</a> <i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harekrushna_Mahtab" class="mw-redirect" title="Harekrushna Mahtab">Harekrushna Mahtab</a> <i>(Commerce & Industry)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T_T_Krishnamachari" class="mw-redirect" title="T T Krishnamachari">T T Krishnamachari</a> <i>(Commerce & Industry)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaran_Singh" title="Swaran Singh">Swaran Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai">Morarji Desai</a> <i>(Commerce & Industry)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a><i>(Commerce & Industry)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KC_Reddy" class="mw-redirect" title="KC Reddy">KC Reddy</a> <i>(Commerce & Industry)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manubhai_Shah" title="Manubhai Shah">Manubhai Shah</a> <i>(As MoS till 24 January 1966)</i>(Commerce)'</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinesh_Singh_(Uttar_Pradesh_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinesh Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)">Dinesh Singh</a><i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bali_Ram_Bhagat" title="Bali Ram Bhagat">Bali Ram Bhagat</a><i>(Foreign Trade & Supply)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinesh_Singh_(Uttar_Pradesh_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinesh Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)">Dinesh Singh</a><i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalit_Narayan_Mishra" title="Lalit Narayan Mishra">Lalit Narayan Mishra</a><i>(MoS)</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=D._P._Chattopadhyay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="D. P. Chattopadhyay (page does not exist)">D. P. Chattopadhyay</a><i>(Commerce)</i>(as MoS till 23 December 1976)'</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai">Morarji Desai</a><i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Dharia" title="Mohan Dharia">Mohan Dharia</a><i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charan_Singh" title="Charan Singh">Charan Singh</a><i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitendra_Desai" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitendra Desai">Hitendra Desai</a><i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a><i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a><i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arjun_Singh_(politician,_born_1930)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arjun Singh (politician, born 1930)">Arjun Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P_Shiv_Shankar" class="mw-redirect" title="P Shiv Shankar">P Shiv Shankar</a> <i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._D._Tiwari" title="N. D. Tiwari">N. D. Tiwari</a> <i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinesh_Singh_(Uttar_Pradesh_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinesh Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)">Dinesh Singh</a><i>(Commerce & Industry)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar" title="Chandra Shekhar">Chandra Shekhar</a> <i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subramanian_Swamy" title="Subramanian Swamy">Subramanian Swamy</a> <i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P_Chidambaram" class="mw-redirect" title="P Chidambaram">P Chidambaram</a><i>(MoS, IC)</i> <i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P_Chidambaram" class="mw-redirect" title="P Chidambaram">P Chidambaram</a> <i>(MoS, IC)</i> <i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devendra_Prasad_Yadav" title="Devendra Prasad Yadav">Devendra Prasad Yadav</a><i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolla_Bulli_Ramaiah" title="Bolla Bulli Ramaiah">Bolla Bulli Ramaiah</a><i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_Hegde" title="Ramakrishna Hegde">Ramakrishna Hegde</a><i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murasoli_Maran" title="Murasoli Maran">Murasoli Maran</a><i>(Commerce & Industry)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anand_Sharma" title="Anand Sharma">Anand Sharma</a><i>(Commerce & Industry)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmala_Sitharaman" title="Nirmala Sitharaman">Nirmala Sitharaman</a><i>(Commerce & Industry)'</i>(MoS, IC)'</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suresh_Prabhu" title="Suresh Prabhu">Suresh Prabhu</a><i>(Commerce & Industry)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piyush_Goyal" title="Piyush Goyal">Piyush Goyal</a><i>(Commerce and Industry)</i><span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MOS</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardeep_Singh_Puri" title="Hardeep Singh Puri">Hardeep Singh Puri</a><span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indian_National_Congress_25px553" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_National_Congress" title="Template:Indian National Congress"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indian_National_Congress" title="Template talk:Indian National Congress"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indian_National_Congress" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indian National Congress"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indian_National_Congress_25px553" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_National_Congress_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Indian_National_Congress_Flag.svg/25px-Indian_National_Congress_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Indian_National_Congress_Flag.svg/38px-Indian_National_Congress_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Indian_National_Congress_Flag.svg/50px-Indian_National_Congress_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="844" data-file-height="562" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Indian_National_Congress" title="History of the Indian National Congress">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Indian_National_Congress" title="History of the Indian National Congress">History of the Indian National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_the_Indian_National_Congress" title="Electoral history of the Indian National Congress">Electoral history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sessions_of_the_All_India_Congress_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sessions of the All India Congress Committee">AICC Sessions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehru%E2%80%93Gandhi_family" title="Nehru–Gandhi family">Nehru–Gandhi family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Emergency_(India)" title="The Emergency (India)">The Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress_(Organisation)" title="Indian National Congress (Organisation)">Indian National Congress (Organisation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress_(R)" title="Indian National Congress (R)">Indian National Congress (R)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress_(I)" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian National Congress (I)">Indian National Congress (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_National_Congress_breakaway_parties" title="List of Indian National Congress breakaway parties">Breakaway parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Indian_National_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="List of presidents of the Indian National Congress">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Congress_Committee" title="All India Congress Committee">All India Congress Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_Working_Committee" title="Congress Working Committee">Congress Working Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Pradesh Congress Committee">Regional <br />Congress <br /> Committee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pradesh</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Andhra Pradesh Congress Committee">Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Arunachal Pradesh Congress Committee">Arunachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Assam Pradesh Congress Committee">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Bihar Pradesh Congress Committee">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Chhattisgarh Pradesh Congress Committee">Chhattisgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Delhi Pradesh Congress Committee">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goa_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Goa Pradesh Congress Committee">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Gujarat Pradesh Congress Committee">Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryana_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Haryana Pradesh Congress Committee">Haryana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Himachal Pradesh Congress Committee">Himachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Jammu and Kashmir Pradesh Congress Committee">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharkhand_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Jharkhand Pradesh Congress Committee">Jharkhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Madhya Pradesh Congress Committee"> Madhya Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Maharashtra Pradesh Congress Committee">Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipur_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Manipur Pradesh Congress Committee">Manipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Meghalaya Pradesh Congress Committee">Meghalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizoram_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Mizoram Pradesh Congress Committee">Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagaland_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Nagaland Pradesh Congress Committee">Nagaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Odisha Pradesh Congress Committee">Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puducherry_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Puducherry Pradesh Congress Committee">Puducherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Punjab Pradesh Congress Committee">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthan_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee">Rajasthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Sikkim Pradesh Congress Committee">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu_Congress_Committee" title="Tamil Nadu Congress Committee">Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telangana_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Telangana Pradesh Congress Committee">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripura_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Tripura Pradesh Congress Committee">Tripura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Uttarakhand Pradesh Congress Committee">Uttarakhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Uttar Pradesh Congress Committee">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal_Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee">West Bengal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Territorial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Territorial_Congress_Committee" title="Andaman and Nicobar Territorial Congress Committee">Andaman and Nicobar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh_Territorial_Congress_Committee" title="Chandigarh Territorial Congress Committee">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli_and_Daman_and_Diu_Territorial_Congress_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Territorial Congress Committee">Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli_Territorial_Congress_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Dadra and Nagar Haveli Territorial Congress Committee">Dadra and Nagar Haveli Diu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daman_and_Diu_Territorial_Congress_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Daman and Diu Territorial Congress Committee">Daman and Diu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh_Territorial_Congress_Committee" title="Ladakh Territorial Congress Committee">Ladakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep_Territorial_Congress_Committee" title="Lakshadweep Territorial Congress Committee">Lakshadweep</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Regional_Congress_Committee" title="Mumbai Regional Congress Committee">Mumbai RCC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Indian_National_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="List of presidents of the Indian National Congress">Presidents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Womesh_Chunder_Bonnerjee" title="Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee">Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadabhai_Naoroji" title="Dadabhai Naoroji">Dadabhai Naoroji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badruddin_Tyabji" title="Badruddin Tyabji">Badruddin Tyabji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Yule_(businessman)" title="George Yule (businessman)">George Yule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wedderburn" title="William Wedderburn">William Wedderburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pherozeshah_Mehta" title="Pherozeshah Mehta">Pherozeshah Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandacharlu" class="mw-redirect" title="Anandacharlu">Anandacharlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womesh_Chunder_Bonnerjee" title="Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee">Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadabhai_Naoroji" title="Dadabhai Naoroji">Dadabhai Naoroji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Webb" title="Alfred Webb">Webb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surendranath_Banerjee" title="Surendranath Banerjee">Surendranath Banerjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahimtulla_M._Sayani" title="Rahimtulla M. Sayani">Rahimtulla M. Sayani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Sankaran_Nair" title="C. Sankaran Nair">C. Sankaran Nair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandamohan_Bose" title="Anandamohan Bose">Anandamohan Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romesh_Chunder_Dutt" title="Romesh Chunder Dutt">Romesh Chunder Dutt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._G._Chandavarkar" title="N. G. Chandavarkar">N. G. Chandavarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinshaw_Edulji_Wacha" title="Dinshaw Edulji Wacha">Dinshaw Edulji Wacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surendranath_Banerjee" title="Surendranath Banerjee">Surendranath Banerjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalmohan_Ghosh" title="Lalmohan Ghosh">Lalmohan Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cotton_(civil_servant)" title="Henry Cotton (civil servant)">Henry Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Krishna_Gokhale" title="Gopal Krishna Gokhale">Gopal Krishna Gokhale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadabhai_Naoroji" title="Dadabhai Naoroji">Dadabhai Naoroji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rash_Behari_Ghosh" title="Rash Behari Ghosh">Rash Behari Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madan_Mohan_Malaviya" title="Madan Mohan Malaviya">Madan Mohan Malaviya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wedderburn" title="William Wedderburn">William Wedderburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishan_Narayan_Dar" title="Bishan Narayan Dar">Bishan Narayan Dar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghunath_Narasinha_Mudholkar" title="Raghunath Narasinha Mudholkar">Raghunath Narasinha Mudholkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawab_Syed_Muhammad_Bahadur" title="Nawab Syed Muhammad Bahadur">Nawab Syed Muhammad Bahadur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhupendra_Nath_Bose" title="Bhupendra Nath Bose">Bhupendra Nath Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyendra_Prasanna_Sinha,_1st_Baron_Sinha" title="Satyendra Prasanna Sinha, 1st Baron Sinha">Satyendra Prasanna Sinha, 1st Baron Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambica_Charan_Mazumdar" title="Ambica Charan Mazumdar">Ambica Charan Mazumdar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Besant" title="Annie Besant">Annie Besant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madan_Mohan_Malaviya" title="Madan Mohan Malaviya">Madan Mohan Malaviya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Hasan_Imam" title="Syed Hasan Imam">Syed Hasan Imam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motilal_Nehru" title="Motilal Nehru">Motilal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lala_Lajpat_Rai" title="Lala Lajpat Rai">Lala Lajpat Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Vijayaraghavachariar" title="C. Vijayaraghavachariar">C. Vijayaraghavachariar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakim_Ajmal_Khan" title="Hakim Ajmal Khan">Hakim Ajmal Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittaranjan_Das" title="Chittaranjan Das">Chittaranjan Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ali_Jauhar" title="Mohammad Ali Jauhar">Mohammad Ali Jauhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Kalam_Azad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abul Kalam Azad">Abul Kalam Azad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarojini_Naidu" title="Sarojini Naidu">Sarojini Naidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Srinivasa_Iyengar" title="S. Srinivasa Iyengar">S. Srinivasa Iyengar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukhtar_Ahmed_Ansari" title="Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari">Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motilal_Nehru" title="Motilal Nehru">Motilal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallabhbhai_Patel" title="Vallabhbhai Patel">Vallabhbhai Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madan_Mohan_Malaviya" title="Madan Mohan Malaviya">Madan Mohan Malaviya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellie_Sengupta" title="Nellie Sengupta">Nellie Sengupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Prasad" title="Rajendra Prasad">Rajendra Prasad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose" title="Subhas Chandra Bose">Subhas Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Kalam_Azad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abul Kalam Azad">Abul Kalam Azad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._B._Kripalani" title="J. B. Kripalani">J. B. Kripalani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhogaraju_Pattabhi_Sitaramayya" title="Bhogaraju Pattabhi Sitaramayya">Bhogaraju Pattabhi Sitaramayya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purushottam_Das_Tandon" title="Purushottam Das Tandon">Purushottam Das Tandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U._N._Dhebar" title="U. N. Dhebar">U. N. Dhebar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neelam_Sanjiva_Reddy" title="Neelam Sanjiva Reddy">Neelam Sanjiva Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Kamaraj" title="K. Kamaraj">K. Kamaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Nijalingappa" title="S. Nijalingappa">S. Nijalingappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagjivan_Ram" title="Jagjivan Ram">Jagjivan Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankar_Dayal_Sharma" title="Shankar Dayal Sharma">Shankar Dayal Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._K._Barooah" title="D. K. Barooah">D. K. Barooah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitaram_Kesri" title="Sitaram Kesri">Sitaram Kesri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Gandhi" title="Sonia Gandhi">Sonia Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahul_Gandhi" title="Rahul Gandhi">Rahul Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallikarjun_Kharge" title="Mallikarjun Kharge">Mallikarjun Kharge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of prime ministers of India">Prime ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulzarilal_Nanda" title="Gulzarilal Nanda">Gulzarilal Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lok Sabha</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulzarilal_Nanda" title="Gulzarilal Nanda">Gulzarilal Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Narayan_Sinha" title="Satya Narayan Sinha">Satya Narayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashwantrao_Chavan" title="Yashwantrao Chavan">Yashwantrao Chavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._M._Stephen" title="C. M. Stephen">Chembakassery Mathai Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arjun_Singh_(Madhya_Pradesh_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arjun Singh (Madhya Pradesh politician)">Arjun Singh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharad_Pawar" title="Sharad Pawar">Sharad Pawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Gandhi" title="Sonia Gandhi">Sonia Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushilkumar_Shinde" title="Sushilkumar Shinde">Sushilkumar Shinde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallikarjun_Kharge" title="Mallikarjun Kharge">Mallikarjun Kharge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adhir_Ranjan_Chowdhury" title="Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury">Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravneet_Singh_Bittu" title="Ravneet Singh Bittu">Ravneet Singh Bittu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahul_Gandhi" title="Rahul Gandhi">Rahul Gandhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rajya Sabha</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N._Gopalaswamy_Ayyangar" class="mw-redirect" title="N. Gopalaswamy Ayyangar">N. Gopalaswamy Ayyangar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charu_Chandra_Biswas" title="Charu Chandra Biswas">Charu Chandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govind_Ballabh_Pant" title="Govind Ballabh Pant">Govind Ballabh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_Mohamad_Ibrahim" title="Hafiz Mohamad Ibrahim">Hafiz Mohamad Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashwantrao_Chavan" title="Yashwantrao Chavan">Yashwantrao Chavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaisukhlal_Hathi" title="Jaisukhlal Hathi">Jaisukhlal Hathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._C._Chagla" title="M. C. Chagla">M. C. Chagla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaisukhlal_Hathi" title="Jaisukhlal Hathi">Jaisukhlal Hathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodardas_Kalidas_Shah" title="Kodardas Kalidas Shah">Kodardas Kalidas Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uma_Shankar_Dikshit" title="Uma Shankar Dikshit">Uma Shankar Dikshit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamalapati_Tripathi" title="Kamalapati Tripathi">Kamalapati Tripathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishwanath_Pratap_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishwanath Pratap Singh">V.P. Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayan_Dutt_Tiwari" class="mw-redirect" title="Narayan Dutt Tiwari">Narayan Dutt Tiwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Shiv_Shankar" title="P. Shiv Shankar">P. Shiv Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankarrao_Chavan" title="Shankarrao Chavan">Shankarrao Chavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motilal_Vora" title="Motilal Vora">Motilal Vora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Patel" title="Ahmed Patel">Ahmed Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anand_Sharma" title="Anand Sharma">Anand Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jairam_Ramesh" title="Jairam Ramesh">Jairam Ramesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._K._Antony" title="A. K. Antony">A. K. Antony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digvijaya_Singh" title="Digvijaya Singh">Digvijaya Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Chidambaram" title="P. Chidambaram">P. Chidambaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abhishek_Singhvi" title="Abhishek Singhvi">Abhishek Singhvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajeev_Shukla" title="Rajeev Shukla">Rajeev Shukla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Nabi_Azad" title="Ghulam Nabi Azad">Ghulam Nabi Azad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallikarjun_Kharge" title="Mallikarjun Kharge">Mallikarjun Kharge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political wings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seva_Dal" title="Seva Dal">Seva Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Mahila_Congress" title="All India Mahila Congress">All India Mahila Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Youth_Congress" title="Indian Youth Congress">Indian Youth Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Students%27_Union_of_India" title="National Students' Union of India">National Students' Union of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Trade_Union_Congress" title="Indian National Trade Union Congress">Indian National Trade Union Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Professionals_Congress" title="All India Professionals Congress">All India Professionals Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_from_the_Indian_National_Congress" title="List of chief ministers from the Indian National Congress">Chief ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Current7" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sukhvinder_Singh_Sukhu" title="Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu">Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddaramaiah" title="Siddaramaiah">Siddaramaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revanth_Reddy" title="Revanth Reddy">Anumula Revanth Reddy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_National_Congress" title="Category:Indian National Congress">Category</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chief_ministers_of_Andhra_Pradesh79" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chief_ministers_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Template:Chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chief_ministers_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Template talk:Chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chief_ministers_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chief_ministers_of_Andhra_Pradesh79" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh">Chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Andhra_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Andhra state">Andhra state</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tanguturi_Prakasam" title="Tanguturi Prakasam">Tanguturi Prakasam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezawada_Gopala_Reddy" title="Bezawada Gopala Reddy">Bezawada Gopala Reddy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neelam_Sanjiva_Reddy" title="Neelam Sanjiva Reddy">Neelam Sanjiva Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damodaram_Sanjivayya" title="Damodaram Sanjivayya">Damodaram Sanjivayya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasu_Brahmananda_Reddy" title="Kasu Brahmananda Reddy">Kasu Brahmananda Reddy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalagam_Vengala_Rao" title="Jalagam Vengala Rao">Jalagam Vengala Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marri_Chenna_Reddy" title="Marri Chenna Reddy">Marri Chenna Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Anjaiah" title="T. Anjaiah">T. Anjaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhavanam_Venkatarami_Reddy" title="Bhavanam Venkatarami Reddy">Bhavanam Venkatarami Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotla_Vijaya_Bhaskara_Reddy" title="Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy">Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._T._Rama_Rao" title="N. T. Rama Rao">N. T. Rama Rao</a> (<span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Chief_ministership_of_N._T._Rama_Rao" title="Chief ministership of N. T. Rama Rao">Chief ministership</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._Bhaskara_Rao" title="N. Bhaskara Rao">N. Bhaskara Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._Janardhana_Reddy" title="N. Janardhana Reddy">N. Janardhana Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y._S._Rajasekhara_Reddy" title="Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy">Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konijeti_Rosaiah" title="Konijeti Rosaiah">Konijeti Rosaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiran_Kumar_Reddy" title="Kiran Kumar Reddy">Kiran Kumar Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y._S._Jagan_Mohan_Reddy" title="Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy">Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._Chandrababu_Naidu" title="N. Chandrababu Naidu">N. Chandrababu Naidu</a> (<span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Chief_ministership_of_N._Chandrababu_Naidu" title="Chief ministership of N. Chandrababu Naidu">Chief ministership</a></span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Recipients_of_Bharat_Ratna_Award91" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bharat_Ratna" title="Template:Bharat Ratna"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bharat_Ratna" title="Template talk:Bharat Ratna"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bharat_Ratna" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bharat Ratna"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recipients_of_Bharat_Ratna_Award91" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Recipients of <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Ratna" title="Bharat Ratna">Bharat Ratna</a> Award</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1954–1960</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C._Rajagopalachari" title="C. Rajagopalachari">C. Rajagopalachari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan" title="Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan">Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/C._V._Raman" title="C. V. Raman">C. V. Raman</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagwan_Das" title="Bhagwan Das">Bhagwan Das</a>, <a href="/wiki/M._Visvesvaraya" title="M. Visvesvaraya">M. Visvesvaraya</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govind_Ballabh_Pant" title="Govind Ballabh Pant">Govind Ballabh Pant</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhondo_Keshav_Karve" title="Dhondo Keshav Karve">Dhondo Keshav Karve</a> (1958)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1961–1980</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bidhan_Chandra_Roy" title="Bidhan Chandra Roy">Bidhan Chandra Roy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Purushottam_Das_Tandon" title="Purushottam Das Tandon">Purushottam Das Tandon</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Prasad" title="Rajendra Prasad">Rajendra Prasad</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakir_Husain_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zakir Husain (politician)">Zakir Husain</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pandurang_Vaman_Kane" title="Pandurang Vaman Kane">Pandurang Vaman Kane</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varahagiri_Venkata_Giri" class="mw-redirect" title="Varahagiri Venkata Giri">Varahagiri Venkata Giri</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Kamaraj" title="K. Kamaraj">K. Kamaraj</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Mother Teresa</a> (1980)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vinoba_Bhave" title="Vinoba Bhave">Vinoba Bhave</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ghaffar_Khan" title="Abdul Ghaffar Khan">Abdul Ghaffar Khan</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._G._Ramachandran" title="M. G. Ramachandran">M. G. Ramachandran</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">B. R. Ambedkar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vallabhbhai_Patel" title="Vallabhbhai Patel">Vallabhbhai Patel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai">Morarji Desai</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Kalam_Azad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abul Kalam Azad">Abul Kalam Azad</a>, <a href="/wiki/J._R._D._Tata" title="J. R. D. Tata">J. R. D. Tata</a> and <a href="/wiki/Satyajit_Ray" title="Satyajit Ray">Satyajit Ray</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulzarilal_Nanda" title="Gulzarilal Nanda">Gulzarilal Nanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aruna_Asaf_Ali" title="Aruna Asaf Ali">Aruna Asaf Ali</a>, and <a href="/wiki/A._P._J._Abdul_Kalam" title="A. P. J. Abdul Kalam">A. P. J. Abdul Kalam</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Subbulakshmi" title="M. S. Subbulakshmi">M. S. Subbulakshmi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/C._Subramaniam" class="mw-redirect" title="C. Subramaniam">C. Subramaniam</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayaprakash_Narayan" title="Jayaprakash Narayan">Jayaprakash Narayan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Amartya Sen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gopinath_Bordoloi" title="Gopinath Bordoloi">Gopinath Bordoloi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar" title="Ravi Shankar">Ravi Shankar</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lata_Mangeshkar" title="Lata Mangeshkar">Lata Mangeshkar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bismillah_Khan" title="Bismillah Khan">Bismillah Khan</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhimsen_Joshi" title="Bhimsen Joshi">Bhimsen Joshi</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._N._R._Rao" title="C. N. R. Rao">C. N. R. Rao</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sachin_Tendulkar" title="Sachin Tendulkar">Sachin Tendulkar</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Madan_Mohan_Malaviya" title="Madan Mohan Malaviya">Madan Mohan Malaviya</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanaji_Deshmukh" title="Nanaji Deshmukh">Nanaji Deshmukh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhupen_Hazarika" title="Bhupen Hazarika">Bhupen Hazarika</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021–2040</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karpoori_Thakur" title="Karpoori Thakur">Karpoori Thakur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lal_Krishna_Advani" class="mw-redirect" title="Lal Krishna Advani">Lal Krishna Advani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charan_Singh" title="Charan Singh">Charan Singh</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a>, and <a href="/wiki/M._S._Swaminathan" title="M. S. Swaminathan">M. S. Swaminathan</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275146#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1791" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275146#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1791" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275146#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000084115585">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/114384722">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/148297/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjhF74P9r3WPRPxjdPYT3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119260468">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84103890">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120218291">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120218291">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Narasimha Rao, P. V."><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo20211117543&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p140517731">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007361201105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/929769">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/119260468.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028368789">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&oldid=1276579832">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&oldid=1276579832</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="Category:P. V. Narasimha Rao">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1921_births" title="Category:1921 births">1921 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2004_deaths" title="Category:2004 deaths">2004 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Prime_ministers_of_India" title="Category:Prime ministers of India">Prime ministers of India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Union_ministers_from_United_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:Union ministers from United Andhra Pradesh">Union ministers from United Andhra Pradesh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chief_ministers_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:Chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh">Chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Founders_of_Indian_schools_and_colleges" title="Category:Founders of Indian schools and colleges">Founders of Indian schools and colleges</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_National_Congress_politicians_from_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Andhra Pradesh">Indian National Congress politicians from Andhra Pradesh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_Hindus" title="Category:Indian Hindus">Indian Hindus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Karimnagar" title="Category:People from Karimnagar">People from Karimnagar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidents_of_the_Indian_National_Congress" title="Category:Presidents of the Indian National Congress">Presidents of the Indian National Congress</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rao_administration" title="Category:Rao administration">Rao administration</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rashtrasant_Tukadoji_Maharaj_Nagpur_University_alumni" title="Category:Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University alumni">Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_Mumbai_alumni" title="Category:University of Mumbai alumni">University of Mumbai alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:India_MPs_1977%E2%80%931979" title="Category:India MPs 1977–1979">India MPs 1977–1979</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:India_MPs_1980%E2%80%931984" title="Category:India MPs 1980–1984">India MPs 1980–1984</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:India_MPs_1984%E2%80%931989" title="Category:India MPs 1984–1989">India MPs 1984–1989</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:India_MPs_1989%E2%80%931991" title="Category:India MPs 1989–1991">India MPs 1989–1991</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:India_MPs_1991%E2%80%931996" title="Category:India MPs 1991–1996">India MPs 1991–1996</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:India_MPs_1996%E2%80%931997" title="Category:India MPs 1996–1997">India MPs 1996–1997</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_male_novelists" title="Category:Indian male novelists">Indian male novelists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Indian_novelists" title="Category:20th-century Indian novelists">20th-century Indian novelists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Indian_lawyers" title="Category:20th-century Indian lawyers">20th-century Indian lawyers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lok_Sabha_members_from_Maharashtra" title="Category:Lok Sabha members from Maharashtra">Lok Sabha members from Maharashtra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lok_Sabha_members_from_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:Lok Sabha members from Andhra Pradesh">Lok Sabha members from Andhra Pradesh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lok_Sabha_members_from_Odisha" title="Category:Lok Sabha members from Odisha">Lok Sabha members from Odisha</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Osmania_University_alumni" title="Category:Osmania University alumni">Osmania University alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chief_ministers_from_Indian_National_Congress" title="Category:Chief ministers from Indian National Congress">Chief ministers from Indian National Congress</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fergusson_College_alumni" title="Category:Fergusson College alumni">Fergusson College alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Heads_of_government_who_were_later_imprisoned" title="Category:Heads of government who were later imprisoned">Heads of government who were later imprisoned</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ministers_of_defence_of_India" title="Category:Ministers of defence of India">Ministers of defence of India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Law_ministers_of_India" title="Category:Law ministers of India">Law ministers of India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_the_Bharat_Ratna" title="Category:Recipients of the Bharat Ratna">Recipients of the Bharat Ratna</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ministers_of_education_of_India" title="Category:Ministers of education of India">Ministers of education of India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ministers_for_external_affairs_of_India" title="Category:Ministers for external affairs of India">Ministers for external affairs of India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ministers_of_internal_affairs_of_India" title="Category:Ministers of internal affairs of India">Ministers of internal affairs of India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commerce_and_industry_ministers_of_India" title="Category:Commerce and industry ministers of India">Commerce and industry ministers of India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_prime_ministers_of_India" title="Category:20th-century prime ministers of India">20th-century prime ministers of India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Cabinet_of_India" title="Category:Members of the Cabinet of India">Members of the Cabinet of India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Health_ministers_of_India" title="Category:Health ministers of India">Health ministers of India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_independence_activists_from_Telangana" title="Category:Indian independence activists from Telangana">Indian independence activists from Telangana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Hanamkonda_district" title="Category:People from Hanamkonda district">People from Hanamkonda district</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telugu_politicians" title="Category:Telugu politicians">Telugu politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telugu%E2%80%93Hindi_translators" title="Category:Telugu–Hindi translators">Telugu–Hindi translators</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Assassination_of_Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Category:Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi">Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Andhra_Pradesh_MLAs_1957%E2%80%931962" title="Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1957–1962">Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1957–1962</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Andhra_Pradesh_MLAs_1962%E2%80%931967" title="Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1962–1967">Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1962–1967</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Andhra_Pradesh_MLAs_1967%E2%80%931972" title="Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1967–1972">Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1967–1972</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Andhra_Pradesh_MLAs_1972%E2%80%931978" title="Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1972–1978">Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1972–1978</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">CS1 maint: others</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_July_2012" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from July 2012">Articles with dead external links from July 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_Indian_English_from_September_2024" title="Category:Use Indian English from September 2024">Use Indian English from September 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Indian_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English">All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_September_2024" title="Category:Use dmy dates from September 2024">Use dmy dates from September 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references" title="Category:All articles lacking reliable references">All articles lacking reliable references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_April_2020" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from April 2020">Articles lacking reliable references from April 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from June 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Open_Library_links" title="Category:Articles with Open Library links">Articles with Open Library links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_appearing_on_C-SPAN" title="Category:People appearing on C-SPAN">People appearing on C-SPAN</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 19 February 2025, at 17:38<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P._V._Narasimha_Rao&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">P. V. Narasimha Rao</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>54 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-76d4c66f66-z9x27","wgBackendResponseTime":286,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.396","walltime":"2.647","ppvisitednodes":{"value":32210,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":560028,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":44670,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":20,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":488053,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2233.060 1 -total"," 30.60% 683.294 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder"," 30.24% 675.304 2 Template:Reflist"," 14.07% 314.249 17 Template:Infobox_officeholder/office"," 11.61% 259.360 1 Template:Navboxes"," 11.56% 258.042 44 Template:Cite_news"," 7.85% 175.205 68 Template:Main_other"," 6.12% 136.765 34 Template:Cite_web"," 5.30% 118.326 7 Template:Citation"," 4.78% 106.713 19 Template:Navbox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.279","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":17285546,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\nanchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAggarwala1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAudio2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBobb1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrown2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDean2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDhawan2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDundoo2019\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFGoshko1994\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFGupta2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHebbar2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJha2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohn_GreenwaldAnita_PratapDick_Thompson1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKotha\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKujur2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKulkarni2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKumar2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKumarNarendhranath\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaskar2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFM2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMalik\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMishra2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFP._V._Narasimha_Rao2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPTI2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFP_V_N_Rao2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRajeev2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReddy1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReddy2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSingh1993\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSingh2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSitapati\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSitapati,_Vinay2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSitapati2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSitapati2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUpadhyaya2019\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFWelcome_to_Embassy_of_India,_Washington_D_C,_USA2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFtitle\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 2,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Better source needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Bharat Ratna\"] = 1,\n [\"Birth date\"] = 1,\n [\"C-SPAN\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 3,\n [\"Chief Ministers of Andhra Pradesh\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 7,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 45,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 35,\n [\"Collapsed infobox section begin\"] = 1,\n [\"Collapsed infobox section end\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Rao, P. V. Narasimha\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Death date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Defence Ministers of India\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 4,\n [\"Energy Ministries and Departments of India\"] = 1,\n [\"Enum\"] = 1,\n [\"Flag\"] = 1,\n [\"Hlist\"] = 1,\n [\"Home Ministry (India)\"] = 1,\n [\"Indian National Congress Presidents\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox officeholder\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox person\"] = 1,\n [\"Literal translation\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 3,\n [\"Marriage\"] = 1,\n [\"Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers (India)\"] = 1,\n [\"Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"OL author\"] = 1,\n [\"Prime Ministers of India\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"S-aft\"] = 10,\n [\"S-bef\"] = 11,\n [\"S-break\"] = 10,\n [\"S-dip\"] = 1,\n [\"S-end\"] = 1,\n [\"S-off\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ppo\"] = 1,\n [\"S-start\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ttl\"] = 11,\n [\"See also\"] = 3,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 5,\n [\"Sfnref\"] = 2,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Ubl\"] = 4,\n [\"Unbulleted list\"] = 1,\n [\"Use Indian English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Usurped\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 23,\n [\"Wikiquote\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","380","22.4"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","260","15.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","200","11.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","100","5.9"],["type","80","4.7"],["(for generator)","80","4.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpensiveData","60","3.5"],["is_set \u003CModule:Citation/CS1/Utilities:23\u003E","40","2.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","40","2.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::preprocess","40","2.4"],["[others]","420","24.7"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.next-6567bdfc66-phqzf","timestamp":"20250302033459","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"P. V. Narasimha Rao","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/P._V._Narasimha_Rao","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q275146","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q275146","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-05-02T09:19:34Z","dateModified":"2025-02-19T17:38:37Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/4c\/P._V._Narasimha_Rao.JPG","headline":"9th Prime Minister of India (1921-2004)"}</script> </body> </html>