CINXE.COM
兀丨賵丕賱 丕賱賲賷鬲 賲賳 丨賷賳 丕賱丕丨鬲囟丕乇 廿賱賶 丕賱丨卮乇 - 賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="ar" dir="rtl"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>兀丨賵丕賱 丕賱賲賷鬲 賲賳 丨賷賳 丕賱丕丨鬲囟丕乇 廿賱賶 丕賱丨卮乇 - 賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )arwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[".\t,","佾\t佻"],"wgDigitTransformTable":[ "0\t1\t2\t3\t4\t5\t6\t7\t8\t9","贍\t佟\t佗\t伲\t伽\t佶\t佴\t侑\t侉\t侃"],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","賷賳丕賷乇","賮亘乇丕賷乇","賲丕乇爻","兀亘乇賷賱","賲丕賷賵","賷賵賳賷賵","賷賵賱賷賵","兀睾爻胤爻","爻亘鬲賲亘乇","兀賰鬲賵亘乇","賳賵賮賲亘乇","丿賷爻賲亘乇"],"wgRequestId":"33fd2114-4db8-4df5-964c-9cb19fab378f","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"兀丨賵丕賱_丕賱賲賷鬲_賲賳_丨賷賳_丕賱丕丨鬲囟丕乇_廿賱賶_丕賱丨卮乇","wgTitle":"兀丨賵丕賱 丕賱賲賷鬲 賲賳 丨賷賳 丕賱丕丨鬲囟丕乇 廿賱賶 丕賱丨卮乇","wgCurRevisionId":60839823,"wgRevisionId":60839823,"wgArticleId":8252770,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using the JsonConfig extension","氐賷丕賳丞 丕賱丕爻鬲卮賴丕丿: BOT: original URL status unknown","賲賯丕賱丕鬲 鬲爻鬲毓賲賱 賯賵丕賱亘 賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲","氐賮丨丕鬲 鬲爻鬲禺丿賲 禺丕氐賷丞 P1476", "氐賮丨丕鬲 亘賴丕 亘賷丕賳丕鬲 賵賷賰賷 亘賷丕賳丕鬲","氐賮丨丕鬲 鬲爻鬲禺丿賲 禺丕氐賷丞 P407","氐賮丨丕鬲 鬲爻鬲禺丿賲 禺丕氐賷丞 P921","亘賵丕亘丞 丕賱毓賱賲 賮賷 毓氐乇 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 丕賱廿爻賱丕賲賷丞/賲賯丕賱丕鬲 賲鬲毓賱賯丞","亘賵丕亘丞 丕賱廿爻賱丕賲/賲賯丕賱丕鬲 賲鬲毓賱賯丞","亘賵丕亘丞 賰鬲亘/賲賯丕賱丕鬲 賲鬲毓賱賯丞","噩賲賷毓 賲賯丕賱丕鬲 丕賱亘匕賵乇","亘匕乇丞 賰鬲丕亘 廿爻賱丕賲賷","賰鬲亘 兀賴賱 丕賱爻賳丞 賵丕賱噩賲丕毓丞","賰鬲亘 丕亘賳 丨噩乇 丕賱毓爻賯賱丕賳賷","賰鬲亘 丕賱賯乇賳 9 賴賭","賰鬲亘 毓賳 丕賱賲賵鬲"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"ar","wgPageContentLanguage":"ar","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"兀丨賵丕賱_丕賱賲賷鬲_賲賳_丨賷賳_丕賱丕丨鬲囟丕乇_廿賱賶_丕賱丨卮乇","wgRelevantArticleId":8252770,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"accuracy":{"levels":2}}}, "wgStableRevisionId":60839823,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"ar","pageLanguageDir":"rtl","pageVariantFallbacks":"ar"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":5000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q106622020","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":true,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.73"};RLSTATE={ "ext.gadget.Font-Amiri":"ready","ext.gadget.palestineTheme":"ready","ext.gadget.WMP-icons":"ready","ext.gadget.Font-Arial":"ready","ext.gadget.HideExLinkIcon":"ready","ext.gadget.Urgent-fixes":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.flaggedRevs.basic":"ready","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP", "ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.flaggedRevs.advanced","ext.gadget.events-loader","ext.gadget.ArabicAds","ext.gadget.Defaulteditnotices","ext.gadget.searchlang","ext.gadget.NoRefCopy","ext.gadget.exlinks","ext.gadget.content-support-loader","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.TemplateParamWizard","ext.gadget.decodesummary","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ar&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.flaggedRevs.basic%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=ar&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ar&modules=ext.gadget.Font-Amiri%2CFont-Arial%2CHideExLinkIcon%2CUrgent-fixes%2CWMP-icons%2CpalestineTheme&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ar&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="兀丨賵丕賱 丕賱賲賷鬲 賲賳 丨賷賳 丕賱丕丨鬲囟丕乇 廿賱賶 丕賱丨卮乇 - 賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//ar.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%B1"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="毓丿賱" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%B1&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕 (ar)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ar.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%B1"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ar"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="鬲賱賯賷賲丞 兀鬲賵賲 賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki rtl sitedir-rtl mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-兀丨賵丕賱_丕賱賲賷鬲_賲賳_丨賷賳_丕賱丕丨鬲囟丕乇_廿賱賶_丕賱丨卮乇 rootpage-兀丨賵丕賱_丕賱賲賷鬲_賲賳_丨賷賳_丕賱丕丨鬲囟丕乇_廿賱賶_丕賱丨卮乇 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">丕賳鬲賯賱 廿賱賶 丕賱賲丨鬲賵賶</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="丕賱賲賵賯毓"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="丕賱賯丕卅賲丞 丕賱乇卅賷爻賷丞" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">丕賱賯丕卅賲丞 丕賱乇卅賷爻賷丞</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">丕賱賯丕卅賲丞 丕賱乇卅賷爻賷丞</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">丕賳賯賱 賱賱卮乇賷胤 丕賱噩丕賳亘賷</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">兀禺賮</button> </div> <div id="p-encyclopedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-encyclopedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 丕賱賲賵爻賵毓丞 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A9" title="夭乇 丕賱氐賮丨丞 丕賱乇卅賷爻賷丞 [z]" accesskey="z"><span>丕賱氐賮丨丞 丕賱乇卅賷爻丞</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AB_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="賲胤丕賱毓丞 爻乇賷毓丞 賱兀賴賲 丕賱兀丨丿丕孬 丕賱噩丕乇賷丞"><span>丕賱兀丨丿丕孬 丕賱噩丕乇賷丞</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="賯丕卅賲丞 兀丨丿孬 丕賱鬲睾賷賷乇丕鬲 賮賷 丕賱賵賷賰賷. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>兀丨丿孬 丕賱鬲睾賷賷乇丕鬲</span></a></li><li id="n-wrecentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A9"><span>兀丨丿孬 丕賱鬲睾賷賷乇丕鬲 丕賱兀爻丕爻賷丞</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 鬲氐賮丨 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-subjects" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD"><span>丕賱賲賵丕囟賷毓</span></a></li><li id="n-index" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9"><span>兀亘噩丿賷</span></a></li><li id="n-portals" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD"><span>亘賵丕亘丕鬲</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%B9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="丨賲賱 氐賮丨丞 毓卮賵丕卅賷丞 [x]" accesskey="x"><span>賲賯丕賱丞 毓卮賵丕卅賷丞</span></a></li><li id="n-Kiwix" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3"><span>鬲氐賮丨 賲賳 睾賷乇 廿賳鬲乇賳鬲</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-contributing" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-contributing" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 賲卮丕乇賰丞 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7"><span>鬲賵丕氐賱 賲毓 賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="丨賷孬 鬲噩丿 丕賱賲爻丕毓丿丞"><span>賲爻丕毓丿丞</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86"><span>丕賱賲賷丿丕賳</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A9" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ar.svg" style="width: 7em; height: 2.4375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ar.svg" width="105" height="22" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="丕亘丨孬 賮賷 賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕 [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>亘丨孬</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="丕亘丨孬 賮賷 賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕" aria-label="丕亘丨孬 賮賷 賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕" autocapitalize="sentences" title="丕亘丨孬 賮賷 賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕 [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="禺丕氐:亘丨孬"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">亘丨孬</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="兀丿賵丕鬲 卮禺氐賷丞"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="丕賱賲馗賴乇"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="鬲睾賷賷乇 賲馗賴乇 丕賱氐賮丨丞貙 丨噩賲 丕賱禺胤貙 丕賱毓乇囟 賵丕賱賱賵賳" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="丕賱賲馗賴乇" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">丕賱賲馗賴乇</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ar.wikipedia.org&uselang=ar" class=""><span>鬲亘乇毓</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8&returnto=%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="賳卮噩毓賰 毓賱賶 毓賲賱 丨爻丕亘 賵鬲爻噩賷賱 丿禺賵賱賰貨 賱賰賳賴 睾賷乇 囟乇賵乇賷 毓賱賶 丕賷 丨丕賱" class=""><span>廿賳卮丕亍 丨爻丕亘</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AF%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85&returnto=%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="賷賮囟賱 兀賳 鬲爻噩賱 丕賱丿禺賵賱貙 賱賰賳賴 賱賷爻 廿賱夭丕賲賷丕. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>丿禺賵賱</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="丕賱賲夭賷丿 賲賳 丕賱禺賷丕乇丕鬲" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="兀丿賵丕鬲 卮禺氐賷丞" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">兀丿賵丕鬲 卮禺氐賷丞</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="賯丕卅賲丞 丕賱賲爻鬲禺丿賲" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ar.wikipedia.org&uselang=ar"><span>鬲亘乇毓</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8&returnto=%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="賳卮噩毓賰 毓賱賶 毓賲賱 丨爻丕亘 賵鬲爻噩賷賱 丿禺賵賱賰貨 賱賰賳賴 睾賷乇 囟乇賵乇賷 毓賱賶 丕賷 丨丕賱"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>廿賳卮丕亍 丨爻丕亘</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AF%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85&returnto=%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="賷賮囟賱 兀賳 鬲爻噩賱 丕賱丿禺賵賱貙 賱賰賳賴 賱賷爻 廿賱夭丕賲賷丕. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>丿禺賵賱</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 氐賮丨丕鬲 賱賱賲丨乇乇賷賳 丕賱匕賷賳 爻噩賻賾賱賵丕 禺乇賵噩賴賲 <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A9" aria-label="鬲毓賱賻賾賲 丕賱賲夭賷丿 亘禺氐賵氐 丕賱鬲丨乇賷乇"><span>鬲毓賱賻賾賲 丕賱賲夭賷丿</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="賯丕卅賲丞 亘鬲毓丿賷賱丕鬲 賯丕賲 亘賴丕 毓賳賵丕賳 丕賱丌賷 亘賷 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>賲爻丕賴賲丕鬲</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A" title="賳賯丕卮 丨賵賱 丕賱鬲毓丿賷賱丕鬲 賲賳 毓賳賵丕賳 丕賱兀賷亘賷 賴匕丕 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>賳賯丕卮</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"anonnotice\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\"\u003E\u003Ctable style=\"border: 1px solid #a40007; padding: 10px; width:100%; background-image: linear-gradient(#000000,#000000)\"\u003E\n\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\n\u003Ctd style=\"width:10%\"\u003E\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Arabic_Wikipedia_Logo_Gaza_(3).svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Arabic_Wikipedia_Logo_Gaza_%283%29.svg/70px-Arabic_Wikipedia_Logo_Gaza_%283%29.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"70\" height=\"99\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Arabic_Wikipedia_Logo_Gaza_%283%29.svg/105px-Arabic_Wikipedia_Logo_Gaza_%283%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Arabic_Wikipedia_Logo_Gaza_%283%29.svg/140px-Arabic_Wikipedia_Logo_Gaza_%283%29.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"241\" data-file-height=\"342\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\n\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003Ctd style=\"width:80%; text-align:center ; color:white\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size:100%\"\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85\" title=\"賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕:兀賵賯賮賵丕 丕賱丨乇亘 賵丕賳卮乇賵丕 丕賱爻賱丕賲\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color:white\"\u003E鬲囟丕賲賳賸丕\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/a\u003E 賲毓 丨賯 丕賱卮毓亘 \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86\" title=\"賮賱爻胤賷賳\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color:white\"\u003E丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\u003Cb\u003E賱丕 \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_2023\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"丕賱丨乇亘 丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷丞 丕賱廿爻乇丕卅賷賱賷丞 2023\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color:red\"\u003E賱賱廿亘丕丿丞 丕賱噩賲丕毓賷丞 賮賷 睾夭丞\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E .... \u003Cb\u003E賱丕 \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D9%85%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AD_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_2023\" title=\"鬲氐賳賷賮:賲匕丕亘丨 禺賱丕賱 丕賱丨乇亘 丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷丞 丕賱廿爻乇丕卅賷賱賷丞 2023\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color:red\"\u003E賱賯鬲賱 丕賱賲丿賳賷賷賳\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E \n\u003Cb\u003E賱丕 \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\" title=\"賲噩夭乇丞 賲爻鬲卮賮賶 丕賱賲毓賲丿丕賳賷\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color:red\"\u003E賱丕爻鬲賴丿丕賮 丕賱賲爻鬲卮賮賷丕鬲 賵丕賱賲丿丕乇爻\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E .... \u003Cb\u003E賱丕 \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%89#丕賱丿毓丕賷丞_丕賱廿爻乇丕卅賷賱賷丞\" title=\"毓賲賱賷丞 胤賵賮丕賳 丕賱兀賯氐賶\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color:red\"\u003E賱賱鬲囟賱賷賱 賵丕賱賰賷賱 亘賲賰賷丕賱賷賳\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81_%D8%A5%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9_2023\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"賵賯賮 廿胤賱丕賯 丕賱賳丕乇 賮賷 睾夭丞 2023\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color:white\"\u003E兀賵賯賮賵丕 丕賱丨乇亘\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/a\u003E .... 賵丕賳卮乇賵丕 丕賱爻賱丕賲 丕賱毓丕丿賱 賵丕賱卮丕賲賱\u003C/b\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\n\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="丕賱賲賵賯毓"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="丕賱賲丨鬲賵賷丕鬲" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">丕賱賲丨鬲賵賷丕鬲</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">丕賳賯賱 賱賱卮乇賷胤 丕賱噩丕賳亘賷</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">兀禺賮</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">丕賱賲賯丿賲丞</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-賳亘匕賴_毓賳_丕賱賲丐賱賮" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#賳亘匕賴_毓賳_丕賱賲丐賱賮"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>賳亘匕賴 毓賳 丕賱賲丐賱賮</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-賳亘匕賴_毓賳_丕賱賲丐賱賮-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-賵氐賮_丕賱賰鬲丕亘" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#賵氐賮_丕賱賰鬲丕亘"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>賵氐賮 丕賱賰鬲丕亘</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-賵氐賮_丕賱賰鬲丕亘-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-胤丕賱毓_兀賷囟賸丕" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#胤丕賱毓_兀賷囟賸丕"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>胤丕賱毓 兀賷囟賸丕</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-胤丕賱毓_兀賷囟賸丕-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-丕賱賲乇丕噩毓" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#丕賱賲乇丕噩毓"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>丕賱賲乇丕噩毓</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-丕賱賲乇丕噩毓-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="丕賱賲丨鬲賵賷丕鬲" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="鬲亘丿賷賱 毓乇囟 噩丿賵賱 丕賱賲丨鬲賵賷丕鬲" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">鬲亘丿賷賱 毓乇囟 噩丿賵賱 丕賱賲丨鬲賵賷丕鬲</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">兀丨賵丕賱 丕賱賲賷鬲 賲賳 丨賷賳 丕賱丕丨鬲囟丕乇 廿賱賶 丕賱丨卮乇</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="賴匕賴 丕賱賲賯丕賱丞 鬲鬲賵丕噩丿 賮賯胤 賮賷 賴匕賴 丕賱賱睾丞. 兀囟賮賴丕 廿賱賶 丕賱賱睾丕鬲 丕賱兀禺乇賶." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">兀囟賮 賱睾丕鬲</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q106622020#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="廿囟丕賮丞 賵氐賱丕鬲 亘賷賳 丕賱賱睾丕鬲" class="wbc-editpage">兀囟賮 賵氐賱丕鬲</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="賳胤丕賯丕鬲"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="丕毓乇囟 氐賮丨丞 丕賱賲丨鬲賵賶 [c]" accesskey="c"><span>賲賯丕賱丞</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B4:%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="賳賯丕卮 氐賮丨丞 丕賱賲丨鬲賵賶 (丕賱氐賮丨丞 睾賷乇 賲賵噩賵丿丞) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>賳賯丕卮</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="睾賷賾乇 賱賴噩丞 丕賱賱睾丞" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">丕賱毓乇亘賷丞</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="賲毓丕賷賳丞"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%B1"><span>丕賯乇兀</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%B1&action=edit" title="毓丿賱 丕賱賰賵丿 丕賱賲氐丿乇賷 賱賴匕賴 丕賱氐賮丨丞 [e]" accesskey="e"><span>毓丿賾賱</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%B1&action=history" title="丕賱賳爻禺 丕賱爻丕亘賯丞 賱賴匕賴 丕賱氐賮丨丞 [h]" accesskey="h"><span>鬲丕乇賷禺</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="兀丿賵丕鬲 丕賱氐賮丨丞"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="兀丿賵丕鬲" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">兀丿賵丕鬲</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">兀丿賵丕鬲</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">丕賳賯賱 賱賱卮乇賷胤 丕賱噩丕賳亘賷</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">兀禺賮</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="丕賱賲夭賷丿 賲賳 丕賱禺賷丕乇丕鬲" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 廿噩乇丕亍丕鬲 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%B1"><span>丕賯乇兀</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%B1&action=edit" title="毓丿賱 丕賱賰賵丿 丕賱賲氐丿乇賷 賱賴匕賴 丕賱氐賮丨丞 [e]" accesskey="e"><span>毓丿賾賱</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%B1&action=history"><span>鬲丕乇賷禺</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 毓丕賲 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%A7_%D9%8A%D8%B5%D9%84_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%A7/%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="賯丕卅賲丞 亘賰賱 氐賮丨丕鬲 丕賱賵賷賰賷 丕賱鬲賷 鬲氐賱 賴賳丕 [j]" accesskey="j"><span>賲丕匕丕 賷氐賱 賴賳丕</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9/%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%B1" rel="nofollow" title="兀丨丿孬 丕賱鬲睾賷賷乇丕鬲 賮賷 丕賱氐賮丨丕鬲 丕賱賲賵氐賵賱丞 賲賳 賴匕賴 丕賱氐賮丨丞 [k]" accesskey="k"><span>鬲睾賷賷乇丕鬲 匕丕鬲 毓賱丕賯丞</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕:乇賮毓" title="丕乇賮毓 賲賱賮丕鬲 [u]" accesskey="u"><span>乇賮毓 賲賱賮</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%A9" title="賯丕卅賲丞 亘賰賱 丕賱氐賮丨丕鬲 丕賱禺丕氐丞 [q]" accesskey="q"><span>丕賱氐賮丨丕鬲 丕賱禺丕氐丞</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%B1&oldid=60839823" title="賵氐賱丞 丿丕卅賲丞 賱賴匕賴 丕賱賳爻禺丞 賲賳 丕賱氐賮丨丞"><span>賵氐賱丞 丿丕卅賲丞</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%B1&action=info" title="丕賱賲夭賷丿 賲賳 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 毓賳 賴匕賴 丕賱氐賮丨丞"><span>賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 丕賱氐賮丨丞</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF&page=%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%B1&id=60839823&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 毓賳 賰賷賮賷丞 丕賱丕爻鬲卮賴丕丿 亘丕賱氐賮丨丞"><span>丕爻鬲卮賴丿 亘賴匕賴 丕賱氐賮丨丞</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1&url=https%3A%2F%2Far.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D8%25A3%25D8%25AD%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D9%258A%25D8%25AA_%25D9%2585%25D9%2586_%25D8%25AD%25D9%258A%25D9%2586_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AD%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B6%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1_%25D8%25A5%25D9%2584%25D9%2589_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B4%25D8%25B1"><span>丕丨氐賱 毓賱賶 賲爻丕乇 賲禺鬲氐乇</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Far.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D8%25A3%25D8%25AD%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D9%258A%25D8%25AA_%25D9%2585%25D9%2586_%25D8%25AD%25D9%258A%25D9%2586_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AD%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B6%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1_%25D8%25A5%25D9%2584%25D9%2589_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B4%25D8%25B1"><span>鬲賳夭賷賱 乇賲夭 丕賱丕爻鬲噩丕亘丞 丕賱爻乇賷毓丞</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 胤亘丕毓丞/鬲氐丿賷乇 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%B1"><span>廿賳卮丕亍 賰鬲丕亘</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%B1&action=show-download-screen"><span>鬲丨賲賷賱 PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%B1&printable=yes" title="賳爻禺丞 賱賱胤亘丕毓丞 賱賴匕賴 丕賱氐賮丨丞 [p]" accesskey="p"><span>賳爻禺丞 賱賱胤亘丕毓丞</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 賮賷 賲卮丕乇賷毓 兀禺乇賶 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q106622020" title="賵氐賱丞 廿賱賶 丕賱賲丕丿丞 丕賱賲乇鬲亘胤丞 賮賷 賲爻鬲賵丿毓 丕賱亘賷丕賳丕鬲 丕賱賲乇賰夭賷 [g]" accesskey="g"><span>毓賳氐乇 賵賷賰賷 亘賷丕賳丕鬲</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="兀丿賵丕鬲 丕賱氐賮丨丞"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="丕賱賲馗賴乇"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">丕賱賲馗賴乇</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">丕賳賯賱 賱賱卮乇賷胤 丕賱噩丕賳亘賷</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">兀禺賮</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">賲賳 賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕貙 丕賱賲賵爻賵毓丞 丕賱丨乇丞</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="ar" dir="rtl"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r63051380">.mw-parser-output .entete.aerostat{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Picto_infobox_aerostat.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.aikido{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Aikido_pictogram.svg/40px-Aikido_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.alpinisme{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Picto_infobox_alpinisme.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.arbitre{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Referee_football_pictogram.svg/35px-Referee_football_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.arc{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Archery_pictogram.svg/35px-Archery_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.archives2{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Picto_infobox_archives.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.arduino,.mw-parser-output .entete.electro{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Arduino_ftdi_chip-1.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.artiste{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Picto_infobox_artiste.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.artsmartiauxjap{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Picto_infobox_samourai.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.association{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Collaboration_logo_infobox.svg/50px-Collaboration_logo_infobox.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.athletisme{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Athletics_pictogram.svg/40px-Athletics_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.audio{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Gnome-speakernotes.png/35px-Gnome-speakernotes.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.auteur{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Picto_infobox_auteur.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.autogire{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Picto_Autogyro.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.automobile{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Picto_infobox_automobil.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.avion{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Airplane_silhouette_white.svg/40px-Airplane_silhouette_white.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.aviron{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Rowing_pictogram.svg/35px-Rowing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.badminton{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Badminton_pictogram.svg/35px-Badminton_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.baseball{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Baseball_pictogram.svg/35px-Baseball_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.basket-ball{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Picto_Infobox_Basketball.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.bd{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Picto_infobox_comicballoon.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.biathlon{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Biathlon_pictogram.svg/40px-Biathlon_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.biere{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Picto_infobox_beer.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.book,.mw-parser-output .entete.universite{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Picto_infobox_book.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.boxe{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Boxing_pictogram.svg/35px-Boxing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.calendrier{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Almanacco.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.camera{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Camera-photo.svg/120px-Camera-photo.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.canada{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Picto_infobox_Canada.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.cardinal{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Picto_infobox_cardinal.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.catch{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Picto_infobox_catch.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.chateau{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Picto_infobox_chateau.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.chimie{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Picto_infobox_chemistry_HUN.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.cinema{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Picto_infobox_cinema.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.commonwealth{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Picto_infobox_Commonwealth.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.communication{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Picto_infobox_antenna.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.cyclisme{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Cycling_%28road%29_pictogram.svg/45px-Cycling_%28road%29_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.deportation{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Picto_Infobox_deportation.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.diplomatie{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Picto_infobox_ambassade.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.disney{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Picto_infobox_Disney.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.droit{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/40px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.drone-civil{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Picto_infobox_civil_drone.png")no-repeat top right;background-size:45px 45px}.mw-parser-output .entete.egypte-antique{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Picto_infobox_ancient_Egypt.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.entreprise{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Factory_black.png/40px-Factory_black.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.entreprise-blanc{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Factory_white.png/40px-Factory_white.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.equitation{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Equestrian_pictogram.svg/35px-Equestrian_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.escalade{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Picto_infobox_escalade.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.escalade{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Picto_infobox_alpinisme-escalade.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.escrime{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Fencing_pictogram.svg/35px-Fencing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.espagne{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Picto_Infobox_Coat_of_Arms_of_Spain.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.eveque{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Picto_infobox_bishop.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.factory{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Picto_infobox_enterprise.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.floorball{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Floorball_pictogram.svg/35px-Floorball_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.fondeur{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Cross_country_skiing_pictogram.svg/40px-Cross_country_skiing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.football{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Infobox_Football_pictogram.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.footballblack{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Picto_infobox_fotbal_2.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.footUS{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Picto_Foot_US.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.futsal{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Futsal_pictogram.svg/35px-Futsal_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.golf{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Golf_pictogram.svg/35px-Golf_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.grappe{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Icone_oenobox.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.gymnastique{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg/35px-Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.handball{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Handball_pictogram_white.svg/35px-Handball_pictogram_white.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.handballblack{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Handball_pictogram.svg/35px-Handball_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.helicoptere{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Picto_infobox_helicopter.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.hockey{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Picto_Infobox_Ice_hockey.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.hockey-sur-gazon{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Field_hockey_pictogram.svg/35px-Field_hockey_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.hospitaliers{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Picto_infobox_Hospitaliers.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.humain{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Picto_infobox_manwoman.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.informatique{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Picto-infoboxinfo.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.internet{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Web-browser-openclipart.svg/45px-Web-browser-openclipart.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.israel-judaisme{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Picto_infobox_israel-judaisme.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.jeu{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Picto_infobox_Game.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.jeu-role{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Picto_infobox_Jeu_de_r么le.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.jeuvideo,.mw-parser-output .entete.jeuvideov3{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Kontrollikon_1.0d_-_Grey.svg/35px-Kontrollikon_1.0d_-_Grey.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.judo{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Judo_pictogram.svg/40px-Judo_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.karate{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Karate_pictogram.svg/40px-Karate_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.kayak{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Canoeing_%28flatwater%29_pictogram.svg/35px-Canoeing_%28flatwater%29_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.kickboxing{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Kickboxing_pictogram.svg/40px-Kickboxing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.lutte{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Wrestling_pictogram.svg/40px-Wrestling_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.macintosh{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Picto_infobox_Macintosh.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.malte{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Picto_infobox_Malte.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.map{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Picto_infobox_map.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.medecine{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Picto_infobox_med.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.mets{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Picto_infobox_mets.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.militaire{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Picto_infobox_military.png")no-repeat top right;background-size:45px 45px}.mw-parser-output .entete.money,.mw-parser-output .entete.money_coin{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Money_Coin_Icon.svg/40px-Money_Coin_Icon.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.montreal-metro,.mw-parser-output .entete.metro{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Picto_infobox_Mtl_metro.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.montreal-train{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Picto_infobox_Mtl_train.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.moteur-avion{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Picto_Infobox_moteur_d%27avion.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.mosque{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Picto_infobox_Mosque.svg/35px-Picto_infobox_Mosque.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.musee,.mw-parser-output .entete.museum,.mw-parser-output .entete.papyrus{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Picto_infobox_papyrus.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.musique,.mw-parser-output .entete.music{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Picto_infobox_music.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.natation{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Swimming_pictogram_white.png/35px-Swimming_pictogram_white.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.nations-unies{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Picto_infobox_UN.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.omnisports{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Sport3_icone.svg/35px-Sport3_icone.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.palace{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Pictogram_infobox_palace.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.paralympique{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Picto_infobox_Paralympics.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.persofiction{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Picto_infobox_masks.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.petrole{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Picto_Infobox_Oil.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.planeur{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Picto_infobox_planeur.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.plateforme{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Picto_Infobox_Oil_Platform.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.poker{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Crystal_Clear_app_Cardgame-3.svg/50px-Crystal_Clear_app_Cardgame-3.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.presse{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Picto_infobox_journal-ar.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.pretendant{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Picto_infobox_pr%C3%A9tendant_%C3%A0_un_tr%C3%B4ne.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.projet,.mw-parser-output .entete.project{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Picto_infobox_tools.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.psychologie{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Picto_infobox_psycho.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.quebec{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Picto_infobox_Quebec.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.recherche{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Picto_infobox_detective.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.rinkhockey{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Roller_hockey_pictogram.svg/35px-Roller_hockey_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.rome-antique{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Picto_infobox_Roman_military_banner.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.route{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Infobox_road_pictogram.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.rugby{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Picto_Infobox_Rugby.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.rugbyblack{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Rugby_union_pictogram.svg/35px-Rugby_union_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.satellite{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Picto_infobox_satellite.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.sautski{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Ski_jumping_pictogram.svg/40px-Ski_jumping_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.science-fiction{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Picto_infobox_fliyingsaucer.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.serie-video{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Logo_television_blanc.png")no-repeat top right;background-size:45px 45px}.mw-parser-output .entete.ski-alpin{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Alpine_skiing_pictogram.svg/40px-Alpine_skiing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.snooker{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Cue_sports_pictogram.svg/40px-Cue_sports_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.software{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Picto_infobox_software.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.sport{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Picto_infobox_Olympic.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.sport-automobile{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Picto_infobox_sport_auto.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.squash{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Squash_pictogram.svg/35px-Squash_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.stadium{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Stadium.svg/40px-Stadium.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.starwars{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Star_Wars_Infobox_Pictogram.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.surf{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Surfing_pictogram.svg/35px-Surfing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.taekwondo{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Taekwondo_pictogram.svg/40px-Taekwondo_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.television{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Picto_infobox_TV-T%26PC.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.templiers{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Picto_infobox_Templiers.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.tennis{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Tennis_pictogram_white.svg/35px-Tennis_pictogram_white.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.tennis-de-table{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Table_tennis_pictogram_white.svg/40px-Table_tennis_pictogram_white.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.tennis-de-tableblack{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Table_tennis_pictogram.svg/35px-Table_tennis_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.timbre{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Picto_infobox_Stamps.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.train{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Infobox_train.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.triathlon{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Triathlon_pictogram.svg/40px-Triathlon_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.ultimate{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Ultimate_pictogram.svg/70px-Ultimate_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.union-europeenne{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Picto_Infobox_Europe.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.video{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Tango-video-x-generic.png/35px-Tango-video-x-generic.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.voile{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sailing_pictogram.svg/40px-Sailing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.volleyball{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Volleyball_%28indoor%29_pictogram.svg/35px-Volleyball_%28indoor%29_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.water-polo{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Water_polo_pictogram.svg/40px-Water_polo_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67892660">@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sm_th{background-color:#27292d!important;color:#fff}}</style> <table class="infobox infobox_v2" cellspacing="3px"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" class="entete universite" style="line-height:1.5em; background-color:#b0c4de;color:#000000"><big>兀丨賵丕賱 丕賱賲賷鬲</big> <p><sub>賲賳 丨賷賳 丕賱丕丨鬲囟丕乇 廿賱賶 丕賱丨卮乇</sub> </p> </th></tr> <tr><th scope="col" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#d8e2ee;color:#000">兀丨賵丕賱 丕賱賲賷鬲 賲賳 丨賷賳 丕賱丕丨鬲囟丕乇 廿賱賶 丕賱丨卮乇 <span class="noprint"> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106622020#P1476" title="鬲毓丿賷賱 賯賷賲丞 禺丕氐賷丞 (P1476) 賮賷 賵賷賰賷 亘賷丕賳丕鬲"><img alt="鬲毓丿賷賱 賯賷賲丞 禺丕氐賷丞 (P1476) 賮賷 賵賷賰賷 亘賷丕賳丕鬲" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> </th> </tr><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#d8e2ee;color:#000000">賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 </th> </tr><tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row">丕賱賲丐賱賮</th> <td class="sm_td" style=""><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="丕亘賳 丨噩乇 丕賱毓爻賯賱丕賳賷">丕亘賳 丨噩乇 丕賱毓爻賯賱丕賳賷</a><br />( - 匕賵 丕賱丨噩丞 852 賴賭/1449賲)</td> </tr><tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row">丕賱賱睾丞</th> <td class="sm_td" style=""><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="丕賱賱睾丞 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞">丕賱毓乇亘賷丞</a> <span class="noprint"> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106622020#P407" title="鬲毓丿賷賱 賯賷賲丞 禺丕氐賷丞 (P407) 賮賷 賵賷賰賷 亘賷丕賳丕鬲"><img alt="鬲毓丿賷賱 賯賷賲丞 禺丕氐賷丞 (P407) 賮賷 賵賷賰賷 亘賷丕賳丕鬲" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row">丕賱賳丕卮乇</th> <td class="sm_td" style="">賲賰鬲亘丞 丕亘賳 爻賷賳丕 - 丕賱賯丕賴乇丞</td> </tr><tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row">鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱賳卮乇</th> <td class="sm_td" style="">丕賱胤亘毓丞 丕賱兀賵賱賶貙 1409賴賭/1989賲</td> </tr><tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row">丕賱賲賵囟賵毓</th> <td class="sm_td" style=""><a href="/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="毓賯賷丿丞 廿爻賱丕賲賷丞">毓賯賷丿丞 廿爻賱丕賲賷丞</a> <span class="noprint"> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106622020#P921" title="鬲毓丿賷賱 賯賷賲丞 禺丕氐賷丞 (P921) 賮賷 賵賷賰賷 亘賷丕賳丕鬲"><img alt="鬲毓丿賷賱 賯賷賲丞 禺丕氐賷丞 (P921) 賮賷 賵賷賰賷 亘賷丕賳丕鬲" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#d8e2ee;color:#000000">丕賱鬲賯丿賷賲 </th> </tr><tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row">毓丿丿 丕賱兀噩夭丕亍</th> <td class="sm_td" style="">1</td> </tr><tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row">毓丿丿 丕賱氐賮丨丕鬲</th> <td class="sm_td" style="">80</td> </tr><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#d8e2ee;color:#000000">丕賱賮乇賷賯 </th> </tr><tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row">丕賱賲丨賯賯</th> <td class="sm_td" style="">賷爻乇賷 毓亘丿 丕賱睾賳賷 丕賱賱卮乇賷</td> </tr><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#d8e2ee;color:#000000">賲丐賱賮丕鬲 兀禺乇賶 </th> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#F9F9F9;color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="賮鬲丨 丕賱亘丕乇賷">賮鬲丨 丕賱亘丕乇賷 亘卮乇丨 氐丨賷丨 丕賱亘禺丕乇賷</a>貙 <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9" title="丕賱廿氐丕亘丞 賮賷 鬲賲賷賷夭 丕賱氐丨丕亘丞">丕賱廿氐丕亘丞 賮賷 鬲賲賷賷夭 丕賱氐丨丕亘丞</a></td> </tr><tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #d8e2ee dotted; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; text-align: left;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:right;"><a class="external text" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%B1&action=edit&section=0"><span style="color:var(--color-base--hover, #555);">鬲毓丿賷賱 賲氐丿乇賷</span></a> - <a class="external text" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%B1&veaction=edit"><span style="color:var(--color-base--hover, #555);">鬲毓丿賷賱</span></a> </span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%82_%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="胤丕賱毓 鬲賵孬賷賯 丕賱賯丕賱亘"><img alt="胤丕賱毓 鬲賵孬賷賯 丕賱賯丕賱亘" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>兀丨賵丕賱 丕賱賲賷鬲 賲賳 丨賷賳 丕賱丕丨鬲囟丕乇 廿賱賶 丕賱丨卮乇:</b> 乇爻丕賱丞 賰鬲亘賴丕 丕賱丨丕賮馗 <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="丕亘賳 丨噩乇 丕賱毓爻賯賱丕賳賷">丕亘賳 丨噩乇 丕賱毓爻賯賱丕賳賷</a> (<a href="/wiki/773_%D9%87%D9%80" title="773 賴賭">773賴賭</a> - <a href="/wiki/852_%D9%87%D9%80" title="852 賴賭">852賴賭</a><a href="/wiki/1449" title="1449">)</a> 噩賲毓 賮賷賴丕 賲噩賲賵毓丞 賲賳 丕賱丕丨丕丿賷孬 丕賱賳亘賵賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲氐賮 兀丨賵丕賱 丕賱賲賷鬲 賲賳匕 丕賱丕丨鬲囟丕乇 廿賱賶 賷賵賲 丕賱賯賷丕賲丞貨 賱鬲賰賵賳 鬲匕賰乇丞 賱賳賮爻賴 賵毓賲賱丕 氐丕賱丨丕賸 亘毓丿 賲賵鬲賴 賮賷 匕賰乇 丕賱賲賵鬲貙 賵兀丨賵丕賱 丕賱賲賵鬲賶貨 賳賯賱 賲丨鬲賵丕賴丕 賲賳 賰鬲亘 丕賱兀卅賲丞貙 賵孬賯丕鬲 兀毓賱丕賲 丕賱兀賲丞 丨爻亘 賯賵賱賴.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="賳亘匕賴_毓賳_丕賱賲丐賱賮"><span id=".D9.86.D8.A8.D8.B0.D9.87_.D8.B9.D9.86_.D8.A7.D9.84.D9.85.D8.A4.D9.84.D9.81"></span>賳亘匕賴 毓賳 丕賱賲丐賱賮</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%B1&action=edit&section=1" title="毓丿賱 丕賱賯爻賲: 賳亘匕賴 毓賳 丕賱賲丐賱賮"><span>毓丿賱</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r64185648">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">丕賱賲賯丕賱丞 丕賱乇卅賷爻丞: <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="丕亘賳 丨噩乇 丕賱毓爻賯賱丕賳賷">丕亘賳 丨噩乇 丕賱毓爻賯賱丕賳賷</a></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="丕亘賳 丨噩乇 丕賱毓爻賯賱丕賳賷">卮賴丕亘 丕賱丿賷賳 兀亘賵 丕賱賮囟賱 兀丨賲丿 亘賳 毓賱賷 亘賳 賲丨賲丿 亘賳 賲丨賲丿 亘賳 毓賱賷 亘賳 賲丨賲賵丿 亘賳 兀丨賲丿 亘賳 兀丨賲丿 丕賱賰賳丕賳賷 丕賱毓爻賯賱丕賳賷 孬賲 丕賱賲氐乇賷 丕賱卮丕賮毓賷</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="卮毓亘丕賳">卮毓亘丕賳</a> <a href="/wiki/773_%D9%87%D9%80" title="773 賴賭">773 賴賭</a>/<a href="/wiki/1371" title="1371">1371賲</a> - <a href="/wiki/%D8%B0%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A9" title="匕賵 丕賱丨噩丞">匕賵 丕賱丨噩丞</a> <a href="/wiki/852_%D9%87%D9%80" title="852 賴賭">852 賴賭</a>/<a href="/wiki/1449" title="1449">1449賲</a>)貙<sup id="cite_ref-匕賷賱_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-匕賷賱-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB" title="賲丨丿孬">賲購丨丿賽賾孬</a> 賵毓丕賱賲 賲爻賱賲貙 <a href="/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="卮丕賮毓賷丞">卮丕賮毓賷 丕賱賲匕賴亘</a>貙 賱購賯亘 亘毓丿丞 兀賱賯丕亘 賲賳賴丕 <a href="/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="卮賷禺 丕賱廿爻賱丕賲">卮賷禺 丕賱廿爻賱丕賲</a> 賵兀賲賷乇 丕賱賲丐賲賳賷賳 賮賷 丕賱丨丿賷孬. </p><p>賱賴 賲噩賲賵毓丞 賲賳 丕賱賲丐賱賮丕鬲 兀亘乇夭賴丕: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="賮鬲丨 丕賱亘丕乇賷">賮鬲丨 丕賱亘丕乇賷 亘卮乇丨 氐丨賷丨 丕賱亘禺丕乇賷</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9" title="丕賱廿氐丕亘丞 賮賷 鬲賲賷賷夭 丕賱氐丨丕亘丞">丕賱廿氐丕亘丞 賮賷 鬲賲賷賷夭 丕賱氐丨丕亘丞</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="賵氐賮_丕賱賰鬲丕亘"><span id=".D9.88.D8.B5.D9.81_.D8.A7.D9.84.D9.83.D8.AA.D8.A7.D8.A8"></span>賵氐賮 丕賱賰鬲丕亘</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%B1&action=edit&section=2" title="毓丿賱 丕賱賯爻賲: 賵氐賮 丕賱賰鬲丕亘"><span>毓丿賱</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賴賵 鬲丨賯賷賯 賱乇爻丕賱丞 賲賰鬲賵亘丞 亘禺胤 賲睾乇亘賶 賵賴賷 賲禺胤賵胤丞 賲賰賵賳丞 賲賳 伲佶 賵乇賯丞 噩丕亍 賮賷賴丕 噩賵丕亘 賱爻丐丕賱 丕賮鬲乇囟 賲丐賱賮 丕賱乇爻丕賱丞 兀賳 爻丕卅賱丕賸 賯丿 爻丕卅賱賴 毓賳 丕賱賲賵鬲 賵丕賱丕丨鬲囟丕乇 賵噩丕亍 丕賱噩賵丕亘 亘匕賰乇 丕賱丕丨丕丿賷孬 丕賱鬲賷 鬲乇卮丿 丕賱賲爻賱賲 賱賲毓乇賮丞 賴匕賴 丕賱兀丨賵丕賱 賵睾賷乇賴丕 賲賳 兀毓賲丕賱 賲孬賱 丕賱孬賳丕亍 毓賱賶 丕賱噩賳丕夭丞 賵丕賱丿毓丕亍 賮賷賴丕 賵兀賲賵乇 兀禺乇賶 賲賳 賯亘賷賱 毓匕丕亘 丕賱賯亘乇貙 賵丕賱亘賰丕亍 賵丕賱賳賵丕丨貙 賵丕賱氐亘乇 賵賲丕 賷賯賵賱賴 賲賳 賲丕鬲 賱賴 賲賷鬲貨 賵禺鬲賲 乇爻丕賱鬲賴 亘亘毓囟 丌賷丕鬲 丕賱賯乇丌賳貙 賵亘亘毓囟 丕賱兀卮毓丕乇 丕賱鬲賷 鬲鬲丨丿孬 毓賳 丕賱賲賵鬲貙 賵兀丨賵丕賱 丕賱賲賵鬲賶貙 賵兀賲賵乇 丕賱丌禺乇丞. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="胤丕賱毓_兀賷囟賸丕"><span id=".D8.B7.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.B9_.D8.A3.D9.8A.D8.B6.D9.8B.D8.A7"></span>胤丕賱毓 兀賷囟賸丕</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%B1&action=edit&section=3" title="毓丿賱 丕賱賯爻賲: 胤丕賱毓 兀賷囟賸丕"><span>毓丿賱</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%A7_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AE%D8%A7_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86" title="兀乇亘毓賵賳 丨丿賷孬丕 毓賳 兀乇亘毓賷賳 卮賷禺丕 賲賳 毓賵丕賱賷 丕賱賲噩賷夭賷賳">兀乇亘毓賵賳 丨丿賷孬丕 毓賳 兀乇亘毓賷賳 卮賷禺丕 賲賳 毓賵丕賱賷 丕賱賲噩賷夭賷賳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%B5_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1_(%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8)" title="丕賱鬲賱禺賷氐 丕賱丨亘賷乇 (賰鬲丕亘)">丕賱鬲賱禺賷氐 丕賱丨亘賷乇 賮賷 鬲禺乇賷噩 兀丨丕丿賷孬 丕賱乇丕賮毓賷 丕賱賰亘賷乇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B9_%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B9" title="丕賱鬲鬲亘毓 賱氐賮丞 丕賱鬲賲鬲毓">丕賱鬲鬲亘毓 賱氐賮丞 丕賱鬲賲鬲毓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8" title="丕賱禺氐丕賱 丕賱賲賰賮乇丞 賱賱匕賳賵亘">丕賱禺氐丕賱 丕賱賲賰賮乇丞 賱賱匕賳賵亘</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="丕賱賲乇丕噩毓"><span id=".D8.A7.D9.84.D9.85.D8.B1.D8.A7.D8.AC.D8.B9"></span>丕賱賲乇丕噩毓</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%B1&action=edit&section=4" title="毓丿賱 丕賱賯爻賲: 丕賱賲乇丕噩毓"><span>毓丿賱</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r64185426">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal;overflow-y:auto;max-height:300px}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}@media print{.mw-parser-output .reflist{overflow-y:visible!important;max-height:none!important}}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67739214">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")left 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")left 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")left 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")left 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210425174757/https://waqfeya.net/book.php?bid=1801">"兀丨賵丕賱 丕賱賲賷鬲 賲賳 丨賷賳 丕賱廿丨鬲囟丕乇 廿賱賶 丕賱丨卮乇 - 丕賱賲賰鬲亘丞 丕賱賵賯賮賷丞 賱賱賰鬲亘 丕賱賲氐賵乇丞 PDF"</a>. <i>web.archive.org</i>. 25 兀亘乇賷賱 2021. 賲丐乇卮賮 賲賳 丕賱兀氐賱 賮賷 2021-04-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. 丕胤賱毓 毓賱賷賴 亘鬲丕乇賷禺 <span class="nowrap">2021-04-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=web.archive.org&rft.atitle=%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%B1+-+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%84%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9+PDF&rft.date=2021-04-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwaqfeya.net%2Fbook.php%3Fbid%3D1801&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%B1" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A8" title="賯丕賱亘:丕爻鬲卮賴丕丿 賵賷亘">丕爻鬲卮賴丕丿 賵賷亘</a>}}</code>: 氐賷丕賳丞 丕賱丕爻鬲卮賴丕丿: BOT: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF:_BOT:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="鬲氐賳賷賮:氐賷丕賳丞 丕賱丕爻鬲卮賴丕丿: BOT: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-匕賷賱-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-匕賷賱_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ar.wikisource.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B8#丕賱胤亘賯丞_丕賱禺丕賲爻丞_賵丕賱毓卮乇賵賳" class="extiw" title="s:匕賷賱 胤亘賯丕鬲 丕賱丨賮丕馗">匕賷賱 胤亘賯丕鬲 丕賱丨賮丕馗 賱賱爻賷賵胤賷貙 丕賱胤亘賯丞 丕賱禺丕賲爻丞 賵丕賱毓卮乇賵賳</a> 毓賱賶 <a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="賵賷賰賷 賲氐丿乇">賵賷賰賷 賲氐丿乇</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r64177691">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" 路 ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68124052">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:right;border-right-width:2px;border-right-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:right;text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="賲丐賱賮丕鬲_丕亘賳_丨噩乇_丕賱毓爻賯賱丕賳賷" style="padding:1px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67666671">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:right;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-left:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-right:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-丕毓乇囟"><a href="/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="賯丕賱亘:賲丐賱賮丕鬲 丕亘賳 丨噩乇 丕賱毓爻賯賱丕賳賷"><abbr title="毓乇囟 賴匕丕 丕賱賯丕賱亘">毓</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-賳丕賯卮"><a href="/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="賳賯丕卮 丕賱賯丕賱亘:賲丐賱賮丕鬲 丕亘賳 丨噩乇 丕賱毓爻賯賱丕賳賷"><abbr title="賳丕賯卮 賴匕丕 丕賱賯丕賱亘">賳</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-毓丿賱"><a class="external text" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A&action=edit"><abbr title="毓丿賱 賴匕丕 丕賱賯丕賱亘">鬲</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="賲丐賱賮丕鬲_丕亘賳_丨噩乇_丕賱毓爻賯賱丕賳賷" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">賲丐賱賮丕鬲 <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="丕亘賳 丨噩乇 丕賱毓爻賯賱丕賳賷">丕亘賳 丨噩乇 丕賱毓爻賯賱丕賳賷</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="賯丕卅賲丞 賲丐賱賮丕鬲 丕亘賳 丨噩乇 丕賱毓爻賯賱丕賳賷">賯丕卅賲丞 賲丐賱賮丕鬲 丕亘賳 丨噩乇 丕賱毓爻賯賱丕賳賷</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="賮鬲丨 丕賱亘丕乇賷">賮鬲丨 丕賱亘丕乇賷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9" title="丕賱廿氐丕亘丞 賮賷 鬲賲賷賷夭 丕賱氐丨丕亘丞">丕賱廿氐丕亘丞 賮賷 鬲賲賷賷夭 丕賱氐丨丕亘丞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86" title="賱爻丕賳 丕賱賲賷夭丕賳">賱爻丕賳 丕賱賲賷夭丕賳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B0%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B0%D9%8A%D8%A8" title="鬲賴匕賷亘 丕賱鬲賴匕賷亘">鬲賴匕賷亘 丕賱鬲賴匕賷亘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B0%D9%8A%D8%A8" title="鬲賯乇賷亘 丕賱鬲賴匕賷亘">鬲賯乇賷亘 丕賱鬲賴匕賷亘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A9_(%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8)" title="丕賱丿乇乇 丕賱賰丕賲賳丞 賮賷 兀毓賷丕賳 丕賱賲丕卅丞 丕賱孬丕賲賳丞 (賰鬲丕亘)">丕賱丿乇乇 丕賱賰丕賲賳丞 賮賷 兀毓賷丕賳 丕賱賲丕卅丞 丕賱孬丕賲賳丞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%BA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85_(%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8)" title="亘賱賵睾 丕賱賲乇丕賲 賲賳 兀丿賱丞 丕賱兀丨賰丕賲 (賰鬲丕亘)">亘賱賵睾 丕賱賲乇丕賲 賲賳 兀丿賱丞 丕賱兀丨賰丕賲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="丕賱賲胤丕賱亘 丕賱毓丕賱賷丞 亘夭賵丕卅丿 丕賱賲爻丕賳賷丿 丕賱孬賲丕賳賷丞">丕賱賲胤丕賱亘 丕賱毓丕賱賷丞 亘夭賵丕卅丿 丕賱賲爻丕賳賷丿 丕賱孬賲丕賳賷丞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%85%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1" title="廿賳亘丕亍 丕賱睾賲乇 亘兀亘賳丕亍 丕賱毓賲乇">廿賳亘丕亍 丕賱睾賲乇 亘兀亘賳丕亍 丕賱毓賲乇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%AD_%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%83%D8%B1" title="賳夭賴丞 丕賱賳馗乇 卮乇丨 賳禺亘丞 丕賱賮賰乇">賳夭賴丞 丕賱賳馗乇 卮乇丨 賳禺亘丞 丕賱賮賰乇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D8%A8_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF" title="丕賱賯賵賱 丕賱賲爻丿丿 賮賷 丕賱匕亘 毓賳 丕賱賲爻賳丿">丕賱賯賵賱 丕賱賲爻丿丿 賮賷 丕賱匕亘 毓賳 丕賱賲爻賳丿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%B5_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1_(%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8)" title="丕賱鬲賱禺賷氐 丕賱丨亘賷乇 (賰鬲丕亘)">丕賱鬲賱禺賷氐 丕賱丨亘賷乇 賮賷 鬲禺乇賷噩 兀丨丕丿賷孬 丕賱乇丕賮毓賷 丕賱賰亘賷乇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8" title="丕賱禺氐丕賱 丕賱賲賰賮乇丞 賱賱匕賳賵亘">丕賱禺氐丕賱 丕賱賲賰賮乇丞 賱賱匕賳賵亘 丕賱賲賯丿賲丞 賵丕賱賲丐禺乇丞</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">兀丨賵丕賱 丕賱賲賷鬲 賲賳 丨賷賳 丕賱丕丨鬲囟丕乇 廿賱賶 丕賱丨卮乇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B9_%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B9" title="丕賱鬲鬲亘毓 賱氐賮丞 丕賱鬲賲鬲毓">丕賱鬲鬲亘毓 賱氐賮丞 丕賱鬲賲鬲毓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%A7_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AE%D8%A7_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86" title="兀乇亘毓賵賳 丨丿賷孬丕 毓賳 兀乇亘毓賷賳 卮賷禺丕 賲賳 毓賵丕賱賷 丕賱賲噩賷夭賷賳">兀乇亘毓賵賳 丨丿賷孬丕 毓賳 兀乇亘毓賷賳 卮賷禺丕 賲賳 毓賵丕賱賷 丕賱賲噩賷夭賷賳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B6%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%B1_(%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8)" title="丕賱夭賴乇 丕賱賳囟乇 賮賷 丨丕賱 丕賱禺囟乇 (賰鬲丕亘)">丕賱夭賴乇 丕賱賳囟乇 賮賷 丨丕賱 丕賱禺囟乇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="丕賱毓噩丕亘 賮賷 亘賷丕賳 丕賱兀爻亘丕亘">丕賱毓噩丕亘 賮賷 亘賷丕賳 丕賱兀爻亘丕亘</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="亘賵丕亘丞:丕賱廿爻賱丕賲">亘賵丕亘丞 廿爻賱丕賲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8" title="亘賵丕亘丞:賰鬲亘">亘賵丕亘丞 賰鬲亘</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68268331">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:20ch;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:solid #aaa 1px;padding:0.1em;background:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}.mw-parser-output #bandeau-portail{clear:both;line-height:1.9em;padding:3px;margin:2px 0;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}.mw-parser-output #liste-portail{padding:3px;text-align:center;margin-right:0;clear:both}.mw-parser-output #liste-portail li,.mw-parser-output #bandeau-portail li{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .bandeau-portail-element{white-space:nowrap;margin:auto 1.5em}.mw-parser-output .bandeau-portail-icone{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .bandeau-portail-texte>a:nth-child(1){font-weight:700}.mw-parser-output .ns-14 #bandeau-portail{width:242px;float:left;font-size:96%;text-align:right;margin:0;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .ns-14 #bandeau-portail li{margin-right:-17px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .portalbox{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .pane{background:transparent}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint bandeau-portail" id="bandeau-portail"> <li class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Shahada.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Shahada.svg/32px-Shahada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Shahada.svg/48px-Shahada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Shahada.svg/64px-Shahada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="192" /></a></span></span><span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="亘賵丕亘丞:丕賱毓賱賲 賮賷 毓氐乇 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 丕賱廿爻賱丕賲賷丞">亘賵丕亘丞 丕賱毓賱賲 賮賷 毓氐乇 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 丕賱廿爻賱丕賲賷丞</a></span></li> <li class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:IslamSymbolAllah.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/IslamSymbolAllah.PNG/27px-IslamSymbolAllah.PNG" decoding="async" width="27" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/IslamSymbolAllah.PNG/40px-IslamSymbolAllah.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/IslamSymbolAllah.PNG/54px-IslamSymbolAllah.PNG 2x" data-file-width="267" data-file-height="278" /></a></span></span><span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="亘賵丕亘丞:丕賱廿爻賱丕賲">亘賵丕亘丞 丕賱廿爻賱丕賲</a></span></li> <li class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg/28px-Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg/42px-Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg/56px-Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span><span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8" title="亘賵丕亘丞:賰鬲亘">亘賵丕亘丞 賰鬲亘</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r64185208">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden;background-color:#f9f9f9;border:solid 1px #C0C0C0}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Tazkarat_al-Fuqaha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="兀賷賯賵賳丞 亘匕乇丞" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tazkarat_al-Fuqaha.jpg/23px-Tazkarat_al-Fuqaha.jpg" decoding="async" width="23" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tazkarat_al-Fuqaha.jpg/35px-Tazkarat_al-Fuqaha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tazkarat_al-Fuqaha.jpg/46px-Tazkarat_al-Fuqaha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1727" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">賴匕賴 <a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A8%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕:亘匕乇丞">亘匕乇丞</a> 賲賯丕賱丞 毓賳 賰鬲丕亘 <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="丕賱廿爻賱丕賲">廿爻賱丕賲賷</a> 亘丨丕噩丞 賱賱鬲賵爻賷毓. 賮囟賱賸丕 <a class="external text" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%B1&action=edit">卮丕乇賰</a> 賮賷 鬲丨乇賷乇賴丕.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">賲噩賱賵亘丞 賲賳 芦<a dir="ltr" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=兀丨賵丕賱_丕賱賲賷鬲_賲賳_丨賷賳_丕賱丕丨鬲囟丕乇_廿賱賶_丕賱丨卮乇&oldid=60839823">https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=兀丨賵丕賱_丕賱賲賷鬲_賲賳_丨賷賳_丕賱丕丨鬲囟丕乇_廿賱賶_丕賱丨卮乇&oldid=60839823</a>禄</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD" title="賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕:鬲氐賮丨">鬲氐賳賷賮丕鬲</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9" title="鬲氐賳賷賮:賰鬲亘 兀賴賱 丕賱爻賳丞 賵丕賱噩賲丕毓丞">賰鬲亘 兀賴賱 丕賱爻賳丞 賵丕賱噩賲丕毓丞</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="鬲氐賳賷賮:賰鬲亘 丕亘賳 丨噩乇 丕賱毓爻賯賱丕賳賷">賰鬲亘 丕亘賳 丨噩乇 丕賱毓爻賯賱丕賳賷</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%86_9_%D9%87%D9%80" title="鬲氐賳賷賮:賰鬲亘 丕賱賯乇賳 9 賴賭">賰鬲亘 丕賱賯乇賳 9 賴賭</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA" title="鬲氐賳賷賮:賰鬲亘 毓賳 丕賱賲賵鬲">賰鬲亘 毓賳 丕賱賲賵鬲</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">鬲氐賳賷賮丕鬲 賲禺賮賷丞: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:Pages_using_the_JsonConfig_extension" title="鬲氐賳賷賮:Pages using the JsonConfig extension">Pages using the JsonConfig extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF:_BOT:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="鬲氐賳賷賮:氐賷丕賳丞 丕賱丕爻鬲卮賴丕丿: BOT: original URL status unknown">氐賷丕賳丞 丕賱丕爻鬲卮賴丕丿: BOT: original URL status unknown</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84_%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="鬲氐賳賷賮:賲賯丕賱丕鬲 鬲爻鬲毓賲賱 賯賵丕賱亘 賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲">賲賯丕賱丕鬲 鬲爻鬲毓賲賱 賯賵丕賱亘 賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A9_P1476" title="鬲氐賳賷賮:氐賮丨丕鬲 鬲爻鬲禺丿賲 禺丕氐賷丞 P1476">氐賮丨丕鬲 鬲爻鬲禺丿賲 禺丕氐賷丞 P1476</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="鬲氐賳賷賮:氐賮丨丕鬲 亘賴丕 亘賷丕賳丕鬲 賵賷賰賷 亘賷丕賳丕鬲">氐賮丨丕鬲 亘賴丕 亘賷丕賳丕鬲 賵賷賰賷 亘賷丕賳丕鬲</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A9_P407" title="鬲氐賳賷賮:氐賮丨丕鬲 鬲爻鬲禺丿賲 禺丕氐賷丞 P407">氐賮丨丕鬲 鬲爻鬲禺丿賲 禺丕氐賷丞 P407</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A9_P921" title="鬲氐賳賷賮:氐賮丨丕鬲 鬲爻鬲禺丿賲 禺丕氐賷丞 P921">氐賮丨丕鬲 鬲爻鬲禺丿賲 禺丕氐賷丞 P921</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A9" title="鬲氐賳賷賮:亘賵丕亘丞 丕賱毓賱賲 賮賷 毓氐乇 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 丕賱廿爻賱丕賲賷丞/賲賯丕賱丕鬲 賲鬲毓賱賯丞">亘賵丕亘丞 丕賱毓賱賲 賮賷 毓氐乇 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 丕賱廿爻賱丕賲賷丞/賲賯丕賱丕鬲 賲鬲毓賱賯丞</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A9" title="鬲氐賳賷賮:亘賵丕亘丞 丕賱廿爻賱丕賲/賲賯丕賱丕鬲 賲鬲毓賱賯丞">亘賵丕亘丞 丕賱廿爻賱丕賲/賲賯丕賱丕鬲 賲鬲毓賱賯丞</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A9" title="鬲氐賳賷賮:亘賵丕亘丞 賰鬲亘/賲賯丕賱丕鬲 賲鬲毓賱賯丞">亘賵丕亘丞 賰鬲亘/賲賯丕賱丕鬲 賲鬲毓賱賯丞</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B0%D9%88%D8%B1" title="鬲氐賳賷賮:噩賲賷毓 賲賯丕賱丕鬲 丕賱亘匕賵乇">噩賲賷毓 賲賯丕賱丕鬲 丕賱亘匕賵乇</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%A8%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A" title="鬲氐賳賷賮:亘匕乇丞 賰鬲丕亘 廿爻賱丕賲賷">亘匕乇丞 賰鬲丕亘 廿爻賱丕賲賷</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 丌禺乇 鬲毓丿賷賱 賱賴匕賴 丕賱氐賮丨丞 賰丕賳 賷賵賲 29 賷賳丕賷乇 2023貙 丕賱爻丕毓丞 03:14.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">丕賱賳氐賵氐 賲鬲丕丨丞 鬲丨鬲 <a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%86%D8%B5_%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%B5%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A:_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%B5_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84_4.0" title="賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕:賳氐 乇禺氐丞 丕賱賲卮丕毓 丕賱廿亘丿丕毓賷: 丕賱賳爻亘丞-丕賱鬲乇禺賷氐 亘丕賱賲孬賱 4.0">乇禺氐丞 丕賱賲卮丕毓 丕賱廿亘丿丕毓賷 丕賱賲賱夭賲丞 亘賳爻亘丞 丕賱毓賲賱 賱賲丐賱賮賴 賵亘鬲乇禺賷氐 丕賱兀毓賲丕賱 丕賱賲卮鬲賯丞 亘丕賱賲孬賱 4.0</a>貨 賯丿 鬲購胤亘賾賯 卮乇賵胤 廿囟丕賮賷丞. 丕爻鬲禺丿丕賲購賰 賴匕丕 丕賱賲賵賯毓 賴賵 賲賵丕賮賯丞賹 毓賱賶 <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">卮乇賵胤 丕賱丕爻鬲禺丿丕賲</a> <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">賵爻賷丕爻丞 丕賱禺氐賵氐賷丞</a>. 賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕 庐 賴賷 毓賱丕賲丞 鬲噩丕乇賷丞 賲爻噩賱丞 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">賱賲丐爻爻丞 賵賷賰賷賲賷丿賷丕</a>貙 賵賴賷 賲賳馗賲丞 睾賷乇 乇亘丨賷丞.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/ar">爻賷丕爻丞 丕賱禺氐賵氐賷丞</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%B9%D9%86">丨賵賱 賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A5%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A4%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85">廿禺賱丕亍 賲爻丐賵賱賷丞</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">丕賱賯賵丕毓丿 丕賱爻賱賵賰賷丞</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">丕賱賲胤賵乇賵賳</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/ar.wikipedia.org">廿丨氐丕卅賷丕鬲</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">亘賷丕賳 鬲毓乇賷賮 丕賱丕乇鬲亘丕胤丕鬲</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//ar.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%B1&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">賳爻禺丞 賱賱兀噩賴夭丞 丕賱賲丨賲賵賱丞</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-cc877b49b-tgdgl","wgBackendResponseTime":162,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.653","walltime":"0.857","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8442,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":48230,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6671,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":37307,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 820.395 1 -total"," 61.04% 500.807 1 賯丕賱亘:氐賳丿賵賯_賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲_賰鬲丕亘"," 31.59% 259.128 1 賯丕賱亘:氐.賲/賮鬲丨"," 13.60% 111.586 1 賯丕賱亘:賲乇丕噩毓"," 13.21% 108.394 28 賯丕賱亘:賯賷賲丞_賵賷賰賷_亘賷丕賳丕鬲"," 11.42% 93.677 1 賯丕賱亘:丕爻鬲卮賴丕丿_賵賷亘"," 11.17% 91.659 1 賯丕賱亘:賲丐賱賮丕鬲_丕亘賳_丨噩乇_丕賱毓爻賯賱丕賳賷"," 10.96% 89.949 39 賯丕賱亘:氐.賲/爻胤乇_賲禺鬲賱胤_丕禺鬲賷丕乇賷"," 10.81% 88.707 1 賯丕賱亘:卮乇賷胤"," 10.74% 88.121 27 賯丕賱亘:氐.賲/爻胤乇_賲禺鬲賱胤_丕禺鬲賷丕乇賷_賵賷賰賷_亘賷丕賳丕鬲2"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.247","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5951495,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-57b59b5979-f9m65","timestamp":"20241127010138","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631","url":"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%B1","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q106622020","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q106622020","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2021-04-25T20:21:52Z","headline":"\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631"}</script> </body> </html>