CINXE.COM
Contact Us | The Independent | The Independent
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <title>Contact Us | The Independent | The Independent</title> <meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="amp-google-client-id-api" content="googleanalytics"><meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large,max-video-preview:-1"><meta property="fb:app_id" content="235586169789578"><meta property="fb:pages" content="https://www.facebook.com/TheIndependentOnline"><meta name="category" content="Service"><meta name="sitename" content="The Independent"><meta name="page path" content="/service"><meta name="page type" content="Article"><meta name="adPageType" content="Article Page"><meta property="og:locale" content="en_GB"><meta name="description" content="We work hard to answer queries and ensure your experience of The Independent is as good as we can possibly make it. On this page you can find out how to contact us."><meta property="og:updated_time" content="2024-05-29T13:51:42.000Z"><meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-05-29T13:51:42.000Z"><meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-05-29T13:51:42.000Z"><meta property="date" content="2024-05-29T13:51:42.000Z"><meta property="og:site_name" content="The Independent"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,user-scalable=no,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"><meta name="theme-color" content="#f7f7f7"><meta name="google-signin-client_id" content="329250492844-uqochn2f1j5ljkshuap5gc7qphf1refj.apps.googleusercontent.com"><meta property="article:section" content="Service"><meta property="article:content_type" content="story"><meta property="article:word_count" content="861"><meta property="article:image_count" content="1"><meta property="article:embed_count" content="0"><meta property="article:video_count" content="0"><meta property="article:internal_link_count" content="0"><meta property="article:external_link_count" content="23"><meta property="og:title" content="Contact Us"><meta name="twitter:title" content="Contact Us"><meta property="og:url" content="https://www.independent.co.uk/service/contact-us-759589.html"><meta property="og:type" content="article"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@Independent"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta property="og:description" content="We work hard to answer queries and ensure your experience of The Independent is as good as we can possibly make it. On this page you can find out how to contact us."><meta name="twitter:description" content="We work hard to answer queries and ensure your experience of The Independent is as good as we can possibly make it. On this page you can find out how to contact us."><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://static.independent.co.uk/2020/11/09/17/The%20Independent%20logo%20main.jpg?quality=75&width=1200&auto=webp"><meta property="og:image" content="https://static.independent.co.uk/2020/11/09/17/The%20Independent%20logo%20main.jpg?quality=75&width=1200&auto=webp"><meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://static.independent.co.uk/2020/11/09/17/The%20Independent%20logo%20main.jpg?quality=75&width=1200&auto=webp"><meta property="keywords" content="user policies,Internal - Not for syndication"> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json" crossOrigin="use-credentials"><link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/ico" href="/img/shortcut-icons/favicon.ico"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/img/shortcut-icons/icon-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/img/shortcut-icons/icon-512x512.png" sizes="512x512"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/img/shortcut-icons/icon-192x192.png"><link href="https://assets.the-independent.com/fonts/Independent-Serif-Medium.woff2" rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossOrigin="true"><link href="https://assets.the-independent.com/fonts/Independent-Serif-Medium-Italic.woff2" rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossOrigin="true"><link href="//cdn.taboola.com" rel="preconnect" crossOrigin="true"><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/service/contact-us-759589.html"><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="en-gb" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/service/contact-us-759589.html"><link rel="alternate" href="https://www.the-independent.com/service/contact-us-759589.html" hrefLang="en-us"> <style>@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:"Indy Serif";font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;src:url(https://assets.the-independent.com/fonts/Independent-Serif-Regular.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:"Indy Serif Fallback";font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;ascent-override:normal;descent-override:normal;line-gap-override:4%;size-adjust:101%;src:local(Georgia)}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:"Indy Serif";font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;src:url(https://assets.the-independent.com/fonts/Independent-Serif-Regular-Italic.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:"Indy Serif Fallback";font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;ascent-override:normal;descent-override:normal;line-gap-override:7%;size-adjust:98.5%;src:local(Georgia)}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:"Indy Serif";font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;src:url(https://assets.the-independent.com/fonts/Independent-Serif-Medium.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:"Indy Serif Fallback";font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;ascent-override:94%;descent-override:21%;line-gap-override:0;size-adjust:103%;src:local(Georgia)}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:"Indy Serif";font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;src:url(https://assets.the-independent.com/fonts/Independent-Serif-Medium-Italic.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:"Indy Serif Fallback";font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;ascent-override:normal;descent-override:normal;line-gap-override:4%;size-adjust:101%;src:local(Georgia)}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:"Indy Sans";font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;src:url(https://assets.the-independent.com/fonts/Independent-Sans-Regular.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:"Indy Sans Fallback";font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;ascent-override:97%;descent-override:28%;line-gap-override:0;size-adjust:96%;src:local(Georgia)}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:"Indy Sans";font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;src:url(https://assets.the-independent.com/fonts/Independent-Sans-Medium.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:"Indy Sans Fallback";font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;ascent-override:97%;descent-override:28%;line-gap-override:0;size-adjust:99%;src:local(Georgia)}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:"Indy Sans CAPS";font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;src:url(https://assets.the-independent.com/fonts/Independent-Sans-Medium.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:"Indy Sans CAPS Fallback";font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;ascent-override:90%;descent-override:17%;line-gap-override:0;size-adjust:95%;src:local(Arial)}body{padding:0;margin:0;color:#222;font-family:'Indy Serif','Indy Serif Fallback',serif;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;line-height:1.2;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;scroll-padding-top:300px}h1,h2{font-weight:bold;letter-spacing:.22px;line-height:normal}h3{line-height:21px}p,li{font-size:19px;line-height:1.44em}a{color:#ec1a2e;text-decoration:none}a:hover{color:#ac2a2c}button{overflow:visible;width:auto;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;appearance:none;background:transparent;color:inherit;cursor:pointer;font:inherit;-webkit-font-smoothing:inherit;line-height:normal}button::-moz-focus-inner{padding:0;border:0}html.freeze-body body{overflow:hidden !important}[hidden]{display:none !important}.article-premium h3{font-size:19px}span svg{width:100%;height:auto}.limited-access,.limited-access-non-premium{overflow:hidden}.limited-access .social-share,.limited-access-non-premium .social-share{display:none}.limited-access{max-height:127px}.limited-access-non-premium{max-height:360px}@media(max-width:594px){.limited-access-non-premium{max-height:530px}}.tp-backdrop.tp-active{background:rgba(0,0,0,0.5) !important;opacity:1 !important}.tp-modal{overflow-y:auto !important}.tp-iframe-wrapper{box-shadow:none !important}.tp-body-scroll-prevented{background:#fff !important}#pixels-player-amp-dock{position:fixed}@media(max-width:767px){#pixels-player-amp-dock{top:0;left:0;width:100%}}@media(max-width:999px){.parallax{transform:none !important;will-change:unset !important}}amp-consent{z-index:2147483647;min-width:100vw;min-height:100vh;background:transparent}amp-ad[sticky]{z-index:2147483646}amp-sidebar{position:relative;width:100%;max-width:100%;height:auto;min-height:100vh;background:0;font-family:'Indy Sans','Indy Sans Fallback',sans-serif;font-size:19px}@media(min-width:425px){amp-sidebar{width:auto}}#drawermenu{max-width:320px;background:#f7f7f7}amp-lightbox{z-index:1002}amp-script{opacity:1}amp-selector[multiple] [option][selected]{outline:0}.grecaptcha-badge{visibility:hidden}body #tbl-next-up{z-index:2147483646}#body .indy-adtech-widget{min-height:204px}.jwplayer.jw-skin-independent-premium .jw-display-icon-container,.jwplayer.jw-skin-independent-regular .jw-display-icon-container{padding:1em;border-radius:50%}.jwplayer.jw-skin-independent-premium .jw-display-icon-container{background-color:#337e81}.jwplayer.jw-skin-independent-premium .jw-display-icon-container:hover{background-color:#386366}.jwplayer.jw-skin-independent-regular .jw-display-icon-container{background-color:#ec1a2e}.jwplayer.jw-skin-independent-regular .jw-display-icon-container:hover{background-color:#ac2a2c}.jwplayer.jw-skin-independent-regular .jw-button-color{color:#fff}.premium-badging::after{display:block;padding-top:4px;background-image:url(https://static.independent.co.uk/static-assets/logo-premium.svg);background-position:calc(100% - 57px) 4px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:16px;color:#337e81;content:'premium';font-family:'Indy Serif','Indy Serif Fallback',serif;font-size:12px;font-weight:bold;line-height:16px;text-align:right;text-transform:capitalize}html.freeze-body{overflow-x:visible !important}.ixMGSo{width:16px;height:16px}.bNRJWU{width:24px;height:24px}.kCQCwg{width:32px;height:32px}.jIhHch{display:block;color:currentColor}.hfCabj{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;width:.01em;height:.01em;padding:0;border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);white-space:nowrap}.cjFafO{display:flex;align-items:center}.hxkOQU{padding:0;margin:0;list-style:none}.gQXtsb{display:flex;height:62px;align-items:center}.iISDIx{display:inline-block;width:32px;height:32px;margin:0 15px 0 0;border-radius:50%;background:#222;cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none}.iISDIx svg{width:60%;height:60%;margin:20%;fill:#fff}.iISDIx.fb-link{background:#3b5998}.iISDIx.fb-link:hover{background:#2f4779}.iISDIx.fb-link svg{width:100%;height:100%;margin:0}.iISDIx.tw-link{background:#4a90e2}.iISDIx.x-link{background:#000}.iISDIx.x-link:hover{background:#4e4e4e}.fTWcIN{padding:0;margin:0;list-style:none}.fQTmVo{display:block;padding:6px 0;color:#222;cursor:pointer;font:normal 14px/1.28 'Indy Sans','Indy Sans Fallback',sans-serif;text-decoration:none}.ekEKRT{display:flex;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;padding:32px 20px;margin:32px 12px;border-top:1px solid #d3d3d3;background-color:#fff}@media(min-width:768px){.ekEKRT{margin:32px 16px 72px}}@media(min-width:1000px){.ekEKRT{padding-right:40px;padding-left:40px;margin:32px 16px}.wrapped_by_ads .ekEKRT{margin:32px 0}}.ekEKRT.hidden{display:none}.jVqJMl{display:flex;width:100%;font:normal 14px/18px 'Indy Sans','Indy Sans Fallback',sans-serif}.bCrdSy{display:grid;width:100%;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;padding:0;margin:0;list-style:none}@media(min-width:768px){.bCrdSy{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr}}@media(min-width:1000px){.bCrdSy{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:flex-start}}.bkxHPX{width:100%;margin-bottom:20px}.bkxHPX:first-of-type{grid-row:span 2}.bkxHPX:nth-of-type(4){order:5}@media(min-width:768px){.bkxHPX{width:auto;grid-row:span 2}.bkxHPX:nth-of-type(2),.bkxHPX:nth-of-type(3){grid-row:span 1}.bkxHPX:nth-of-type(3){order:5}.bkxHPX:nth-of-type(4){order:0}}@media(min-width:1000px){.bkxHPX{width:50%;flex:1 0 145px;margin-bottom:20px}.bkxHPX:nth-of-type(3){order:0}}.lhKokk{display:block;padding:0;margin:0 0 8px;color:#222;pointer-events:none;font:bold 14px/1 'Indy Sans','Indy Sans Fallback',sans-serif;text-decoration:none;text-transform:uppercase}.gEseDU{display:block;width:72px;height:72px;margin-bottom:30px;border-radius:50%;background-color:#ec1a2e}.hXlRTl{display:none;visibility:hidden}.iHQmTt{border-radius:50%}.iQbfNb{background:#ec1a2e}.zKsKo{display:flex;overflow:hidden;height:100%;align-items:center;margin:0}.cholRg{padding:13px 12px}.cholRg .logo-text{width:136px;height:13px}.cholRg .logo-stamp{width:23px;height:23px;margin-right:3px}@media(min-width:375px){.cholRg{padding:10px 12px}.cholRg .logo-text{width:167px;height:16px}.cholRg .logo-stamp{width:29px;height:29px;margin-right:4px}}@media(min-width:768px){.cholRg{padding:8px 12px}.cholRg .logo-text{width:229px;height:22px}.cholRg .logo-stamp{width:39px;height:39px;margin-right:6px}}@media(min-width:1000px){.cholRg{padding:12px 0}.cholRg .logo-text{width:293px;height:28px}.cholRg .logo-stamp{width:52px;height:52px;margin-right:7px}}.kJypLB{display:flex;position:absolute;top:9px;left:-500px;z-index:5;height:36px;align-items:center;padding:0 16px;border:2px solid #353533;border-radius:6px;background:#353533;color:#fff;font-family:'Indy Sans','Indy Sans Fallback',sans-serif;font-weight:bold;line-height:16px;outline:0}.kJypLB:focus{left:16px}.kJypLB:hover{background:#fff;color:#353533}.IrPpw{padding-bottom:12px;background:#353533;clear:both}.IrPpw form.gsc-search-box{overflow:hidden;box-sizing:border-box;padding:12px 12px 0;margin:0}.IrPpw table.gsc-search-box{overflow:hidden;margin:0;border-radius:24px}.IrPpw table.gsc-search-box td.gsc-input{padding:0}.IrPpw .gsib_a{padding-left:18px}.IrPpw .gsc-input-box{padding:0;border:0}.IrPpw input{height:32px !important}.IrPpw .gsst_a,.IrPpw .gsst_b{display:flex;height:100%;align-items:center;padding:0}.IrPpw .gscb_a{--width:24px;overflow:hidden;width:var(--width);height:var(--width);margin:0 6px;background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2024%2024%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%0A%20%20%3Cpath%20fill%3D%22currentColor%22%20d%3D%22M19%206.41%2017.59%205%2012%2010.59%206.41%205%205%206.41%2010.59%2012%205%2017.59%206.41%2019%2012%2013.41%2017.59%2019%2019%2017.59%2013.41%2012%2019%206.41z%22%2F%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A);text-indent:-9999px}.IrPpw .gsc-search-button{width:46px;height:40px;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;border-radius:0;background:#ec1a2e}.IrPpw .gsc-search-button:hover{background:#ec1a2e}.IrPpw .gsc-search-button svg{width:18px;height:18px}.IrPpw .quick-searchresults{position:absolute;left:3.75%;z-index:7;width:92.5%}.IrPpw .quick-searchresults .gsc-control-cse{padding:0;border:0}.IrPpw .quick-searchresults .gsc-results-wrapper-visible{height:373px;box-shadow:0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5);overflow-y:scroll}.iJWhrN{display:none;position:relative;margin-left:auto;background:0}@media(min-width:1000px){.iJWhrN{display:block}}.iJWhrN form.gsc-search-box{width:206px;padding:23px 0 0}.iJWhrN .gsib_a{padding-top:1px;padding-bottom:1px}.iJWhrN .gsc-search-button{height:32px}.iJWhrN input{height:30px !important}.iJWhrN table.gsc-input{border:1px solid #d3d3d3;border-radius:24px 0 0 24px;border-right:0}.iJWhrN .quick-searchresults{right:0;left:auto;z-index:7000;width:391px;max-height:393px;margin-top:7px}.cnPJwT{border-left:1px solid #919191}.cnPJwT:last-child{border-right:1px solid #919191}.gfUMrT{padding-top:24px}.ldGDlo{position:relative;z-index:6;margin:0 14px 0 auto}.hRdvid{margin:0 -2px 0 auto}.iqIoDe{display:flex;position:relative;width:176px;align-items:center;padding:4px 20px;color:#fff;font:normal 14px/18px 'Indy Sans','Indy Sans Fallback',sans-serif}.iqIoDe:hover{color:#fff}.iqIoDe:hover::after{position:absolute;bottom:2px;left:20px;width:calc(100% - 40px);height:1px;background:#fff;content:''}.hcRjdO{list-style-type:none}.dtIEn{padding:9px 0 20px;margin:0}.dQvmrH{margin:0 4px 0 20px;float:left}.byGjwy{display:flex;position:relative;align-items:center;color:#fff;font:bold 20px 'Indy Serif','Indy Serif Fallback',serif;letter-spacing:-0.5px}.byGjwy:hover{color:#fff}.byGjwy:hover::after{position:absolute;bottom:-9px;left:0;width:100%;height:4px;background:#337e81;content:''}.jBrMDA{display:flex;position:relative;align-items:center;color:#fff;font:bold 20px 'Indy Serif','Indy Serif Fallback',serif;letter-spacing:-0.5px}.jBrMDA:hover{color:#fff}.jBrMDA:hover::after{position:absolute;bottom:-9px;left:0;width:100%;height:4px;background:#0074bd;content:''}.cgdsAs{display:flex;position:relative;align-items:center;color:#fff;font:bold 20px 'Indy Serif','Indy Serif Fallback',serif;letter-spacing:-0.5px}.cgdsAs:hover{color:#fff}.cgdsAs:hover::after{position:absolute;bottom:-9px;left:0;width:100%;height:4px;background:#ec1a2e;content:''}.bPSLdk{display:none;position:absolute;left:0;width:100vw;background:#353533}.dimgrF{display:flex;width:1000px;padding:16px 0;margin:0 auto}@media(min-width:1250px){.dimgrF{width:1250px}}.kfJXRX{display:none;z-index:1001;margin-right:auto;font:bold 14px 'Indy Sans CAPS','Indy Sans CAPS Fallback',sans-serif}@media(min-width:1000px){.mode-mouse .kfJXRX:hover .primary-link{background:#353533;color:#fff}.mode-mouse .kfJXRX:hover .primary-link::after{content:none}.mode-mouse .kfJXRX:hover .secondary-nav{display:block}}@media(min-width:1000px){body:not(.mode-touch) .kfJXRX:hover .primary-trigger{z-index:1}}.kfJXRX.primary-item__open .primary-trigger{color:#fff}.kfJXRX.primary-item__open .secondary-nav{display:block}.kfJXRX .primary-trigger{position:absolute;z-index:3;overflow:hidden;height:34px;padding:0 20px;border:0;background:0;cursor:default;opacity:0;text-transform:uppercase}.kfJXRX .primary-trigger:focus{opacity:100}@media(min-width:1000px){.kfJXRX{display:block}}.dnmOMl{display:flex;position:relative;z-index:2;height:34px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;padding:0 20px;color:#222;cursor:pointer;line-height:normal;text-transform:uppercase}.dnmOMl:hover{background:#353533;color:#fff}.dnmOMl:hover::after{content:none}.primary-item__open .dnmOMl{background:#353533;color:#fff}.primary-item__open .dnmOMl::after{content:none}.dORPpQ{margin-left:auto}.iyXfWA{list-style-type:none}.iyXfWA:first-child{display:none}.mode-keyboard-active .iyXfWA:first-child,.mode-touch .iyXfWA:first-child{display:list-item}.kjVftn{display:flex;width:200px;align-items:center;padding:10px 12px 10px 20px;background:#fff;color:#222;font:normal 16px/1.44em 'Indy Sans','Indy Sans Fallback',sans-serif}.kjVftn:hover{background:#353533;color:#fff}.dgjlSf{display:none;position:absolute;z-index:1002;padding:1px 0 0;box-shadow:0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.25)}.dLhRPl{display:flex;position:relative;z-index:2;height:34px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;padding:0 10px;color:#222;letter-spacing:-0.2px;line-height:normal;text-transform:uppercase}.dLhRPl.primary-link{font:normal 14px 'Indy Sans CAPS','Indy Sans CAPS Fallback',sans-serif}.dLhRPl:hover{color:#222}@media(min-width:1000px){.dLhRPl{padding:0 20px}.mode-touch .dLhRPl{pointer-events:none}.primary-item__open .dLhRPl{background:#f7f7f7}.primary-item__open .dLhRPl::after{position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;width:100%;height:4px;background:#ec1a2e;content:''}}.ckdRxU{display:inline-block;font:bold 14px 'Indy Sans','Indy Sans Fallback',sans-serif;list-style-type:none}.ckdRxU:first-child .sc-12qu2kl-0{justify-content:start;padding:0 12px}@media(min-width:1000px){.ckdRxU:first-child .sc-12qu2kl-0{padding:0 20px}}@media(min-width:1000px){.mode-mouse .ckdRxU:hover .sc-12qu2kl-0{background:#f7f7f7}.mode-mouse .ckdRxU:hover .sc-12qu2kl-0::after{position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;width:100%;height:4px;background:#ec1a2e;content:''}.mode-mouse .ckdRxU:hover .sc-12qu2kl-1,.mode-mouse .ckdRxU:hover .sc-12qu2kl-3{background:#fde8ea}.mode-mouse .ckdRxU:hover .sc-12qu2kl-1::after,.mode-mouse .ckdRxU:hover .sc-12qu2kl-3::after{position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;width:100%;height:4px;background:#ac2a2c;content:''}.mode-mouse .ckdRxU:hover .secondary-nav{display:block}}@media(min-width:1000px){body:not(.mode-touch) .ckdRxU:hover .primary-trigger{z-index:1}}.ckdRxU.primary-item__open .secondary-nav{display:block}.ckdRxU .primary-trigger{display:none;position:absolute;z-index:3;overflow:hidden;height:34px;padding:0 20px;border:0;background:0;cursor:default;letter-spacing:-0.2px;opacity:0;text-transform:uppercase}.ckdRxU .primary-trigger:focus{opacity:100}@media(min-width:1000px){.ckdRxU .primary-trigger{display:block}}.krdLKc{display:flex;overflow:hidden;height:34px;border:solid #d3d3d3;border-width:1px 0}@media(min-width:1000px){.krdLKc{overflow:visible}}.grxqIE{display:none;width:128px;height:19px;margin:7px 20px 0 0}@media(min-width:1000px){.grxqIE{display:flex;align-items:center}}.caGcRA{display:flex;width:100%;align-items:center}.eOTnzF{display:flex;width:100%;max-width:1000px}@media(min-width:1000px){.eOTnzF{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0 auto;border:solid #d3d3d3;border-width:0 1px}}@media(min-width:1250px){.eOTnzF{max-width:1250px}}.dEFHjV{display:flex;width:100%;height:34px;box-sizing:border-box;flex-flow:wrap;justify-content:space-between;padding:0 2px 0 0;margin:0}@media(min-width:768px){.dEFHjV{display:flex;width:auto;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-start;padding:0}}.kGIWEd{--bleed:12px;width:100%;padding:0 var(--bleed);margin:0 auto}@media(min-width:768px){.kGIWEd{max-width:640px;padding:0}}@media(min-width:1000px){.kGIWEd{max-width:1000px;padding:0 16px}}.hpRJZj{display:inline}@media(max-width:424px){.hpRJZj{display:none}}.kQFByK{display:none}@media(max-width:424px){.kQFByK{display:inline}}.JvJbQ{margin:0;color:#646464;font-family:'Indy Sans','Indy Sans Fallback',sans-serif;font-size:18px;font-weight:normal;line-height:21px}.fbZuLl{display:flex}.eSnFOp{margin:0;color:#646464;font-family:'Indy Sans','Indy Sans Fallback',sans-serif;font-size:21px;font-weight:bold;line-height:18px}.cJdxNd{display:grid;width:100%;align-items:center;margin-left:12px;color:#222;font-family:'Indy Sans','Indy Sans Fallback',sans-serif;grid-gap:12px}@media(max-width:374px){.cJdxNd{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start}}.cHCcTy{display:flex;position:sticky;bottom:0;z-index:9999999;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:14px 0;margin:0 auto;border-top:3px solid #157f1f;background:#fff;box-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.5);transition:all .3s ease-in-out}.cHCcTy.hide{bottom:-100px;opacity:0;visibility:hidden}.jtyNhT{color:#157f1f}.fGSBJL{position:fixed;top:0;bottom:auto}.fGSBJL .sc-govabo-0{box-sizing:border-box}.fGSBJL.hide{bottom:auto;transform:translateY(-100%)}.hJrNdp{border-bottom:1px solid #d3d3d3;background:#f7f7f7}.cYcMVX{display:flex;max-width:1000px;align-items:center;margin:0 auto}@media(min-width:1250px){.cYcMVX{max-width:1250px}}.bRtZOi{--border:1px solid #d3d3d3}.bRtZOi .sc-zkjqbw-1{height:32px;justify-content:end}.eqXYCP{height:100%;border-right:var(--border);border-left:var(--border)}.dPjrst{margin-right:auto;border:0}.cEouhA{display:flex}.exOVnf{--color:#222;color:var(--dropdown-trigger-color,--color);cursor:pointer}.exOVnf[aria-disabled='true']{--dropdown-trigger-color:#bbb}.ilmcw{display:grid;grid-template-rows:0fr;transition:grid-template-rows 150ms ease-in-out}.lwnPP{overflow:hidden;min-height:var(--dropdown-content-initial-height)}.jzjxfk{margin-right:-4px;transition:transform ease-out .2s}.guutQy{background:#f7f7f7}.ebZidl{display:flex;height:18px;align-items:center;padding:8px 24px;border-top:1px solid #d3d3d3;background-color:transparent;color:#222;font:normal 14px 'Indy Sans','Indy Sans Fallback',sans-serif}.ebZidl:active,.ebZidl:hover{background-color:#353533;color:#fff}.ebZidl .sc-fxzxid-0{margin-left:auto}.fqnYpK{width:144px;padding-right:12px;padding-left:12px;border:solid #d3d3d3;border-width:0 1px;font-weight:normal}.kfmazJ [aria-hidden]{box-shadow:0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.25)}.bVzlFN{height:49px;box-sizing:border-box;padding:16px;border:0;background:#fff;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;font-weight:bold;text-transform:uppercase}.bVzlFN:active{outline:0}[aria-expanded='true'] .bVzlFN{background-color:#353533;color:#fff}[aria-expanded='true'] .bVzlFN .sc-fxzxid-0{transform:rotate(180deg)}@media(min-width:768px){.bVzlFN{height:56px}}.cFpgCT{width:170px;height:32px;padding:0 12px;border-right:1px solid #d3d3d3;border-left:1px solid #d3d3d3;background:0;transition:background .2s;font:bold 12px/16px 'Indy Sans','Indy Sans Fallback',sans-serif;text-transform:uppercase}.cFpgCT:hover{background-color:#353533;color:#fff}.cFpgCT .sc-fxzxid-0{margin-left:auto}.eYkrjp{display:flex;height:100%;align-items:center}.iKLPvm{overflow:hidden;width:0}.tzAeb{margin:0 10px 0 0}.boHKHo{display:block;margin-top:-1px;color:#222;font-size:10px}.hDcMpO{display:flex;width:100%;height:49px;box-sizing:border-box;align-items:center;padding:13px 14px 12px;border:solid #d3d3d3;border-width:1px 0;color:#222;font-family:'Indy Sans','Indy Sans Fallback',sans-serif;font-size:12px;font-weight:bold;text-transform:uppercase;transition:background .2s}.hDcMpO:hover{background:#353533}.hDcMpO:hover,.hDcMpO:hover .sc-prfj1i-6{color:#fff}.hDcMpO.register-profile-link{text-transform:capitalize}.dgUvdt{width:auto;height:32px;padding:0 12px;border-top:0;border-bottom:0;background:0}.iAzgnm{display:none;height:32px;align-items:center;padding:0 12px;border-right:1px solid #d3d3d3;color:#222;text-transform:uppercase;transition:background .2s;font:bold 12px/16px 'Indy Sans','Indy Sans Fallback',sans-serif;text-transform:uppercase}.iAzgnm:hover{background:#353533;color:#fff}.iSoxDV{display:flex;height:32px;align-items:center;padding:0 12px;border-right:1px solid #d3d3d3;background:#337e81;color:#fff;text-transform:uppercase;transition:background .2s;font:bold 12px/16px 'Indy Sans','Indy Sans Fallback',sans-serif;text-transform:uppercase}.iSoxDV:hover{background:#386366;color:#fff}.iOjNYY{position:relative;z-index:4;margin-top:-49px;border-bottom:1px solid #d3d3d3}@media(min-width:768px){.iOjNYY{margin:0 auto 0 0}}.cqFjwY{display:none}@media(min-width:1000px){.cqFjwY{display:block}}.dGUlxm{display:flex;width:55px;height:49px;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center;row-gap:4px;column-gap:8px;margin-left:auto;border-left:1px solid #d3d3d3;font-family:'Indy Sans','Indy Sans Fallback',sans-serif;font-size:10px;font-weight:bold}.dGUlxm:active{background-color:#353533;color:#fff}@media(min-width:768px){.dGUlxm{width:88px;height:56px;flex-direction:row-reverse}}@media(min-width:1000px){.dGUlxm{display:none}}.ksiMyM{margin-left:auto}@media(min-width:1000px){.ksiMyM{display:none}}.lmZgeR{display:none;position:absolute;top:12px;right:69px;width:60px;height:24px;box-sizing:border-box;align-items:center;justify-content:center;border-radius:4px;background:#337e81;color:#fff;font-size:10px;line-height:20px}.lmZgeR:hover{background:#386366;color:#fff}@media(min-width:320px){.lmZgeR{display:flex}}@media(min-width:375px){.lmZgeR{top:11px;width:70px;height:26px;font-size:12px}}@media(min-width:768px){.lmZgeR{top:16px;right:102px;width:80px;height:28px;font-size:14px}}@media(min-width:1000px){.lmZgeR{display:none}}.vTHhv{display:none;position:absolute;top:16px;right:190px;box-sizing:border-box;gap:8px}@media(min-width:768px){.vTHhv{display:flex}}@media(min-width:1000px){.vTHhv{top:25px;right:222px;gap:16px}}.iUndaf{right:204px}@media(min-width:1000px){.iUndaf{right:222px}}.fwQWNu{margin-right:-6px;margin-left:auto}.edZhkg{display:none;width:124px;height:16px;flex:1;align-items:center;padding:5px 7px;border:1px solid #d3d3d3;border-radius:4px;background:#fff;color:#222;font-size:12px;transition:background .2s}.edZhkg:active,.edZhkg:hover{border-color:#353533;background:#353533;color:#fff}.edZhkg:nth-child(2){display:none;margin-left:auto}@media(min-width:1000px){.edZhkg:nth-child(2){display:flex}}@media(min-width:768px){.edZhkg{display:flex}}.byZCpR{display:block;overflow:hidden;padding-right:12px;line-height:normal;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}.hAbsCS{position:relative;z-index:1001;margin:0 auto;background:#fff}.eRJlQI{display:flex;position:relative;max-width:1000px;margin:0 auto;font-family:'Indy Sans','Indy Sans Fallback',sans-serif;font-weight:bold}@media(min-width:1250px){.eRJlQI{width:1250px;max-width:none}}.kiiYbJ{position:relative;width:100%;max-width:1000px;margin:0 auto;background:#222}@media(min-width:1000px){.kiiYbJ{width:1000px;max-width:none}}@media(min-width:1250px){.kiiYbJ{width:1250px}}.jbhZkc{position:relative;background:#222}.ibQlqG{position:absolute;left:-9999px;opacity:0;visibility:hidden}.kCchwH{position:sticky;bottom:0;z-index:1000000;width:100vw}.kCchwH.hidden{display:none}.kCchwH.bottom-piano-prompt{position:relative}.kCchwH.sticky-prompt{position:sticky}.kCchwH.hide{display:none}.kCchwH.active{background-color:#fff;box-shadow:0 -29px 65px 35px dark:rgba(0,0,0,0.5);light:rgba(0,0,0,0.25)}.hDuVWt{display:none;position:absolute}@media(min-width:1000px){.hDuVWt{display:block}}.enOObH{flex-direction:column}.jImJId .tp-container-inner,.jImJId .sc-1suqprf-0{position:relative;box-shadow:0 -22px 16px 22px rgba(255,255,255,0.95)}.jImJId.closed{display:none}.bfkmcy{overflow:hidden;height:23px;margin-bottom:8px;border-bottom:0;clear:both}@media(min-width:768px){.bfkmcy{height:25px}}.fczuIa{display:inline-block;flex-shrink:0;margin:0 12px 0 0;font:bold 14px/normal 'Indy Sans','Indy Sans Fallback',sans-serif}.fczuIa::after{content:':'}.IOUwh{display:inline-block;margin-right:12px;margin-bottom:4px;color:#222;font:normal 14px/1.29 'Indy Sans','Indy Sans Fallback',sans-serif;text-decoration:underline}.IOUwh::first-letter {text-transform:capitalize}.izpdPv>p{margin:16px 0}.article-premium .izpdPv>p{line-height:27px}.izpdPv>h2{font-size:21px}.article-climate .izpdPv>h2{color:#ec1a2e}.article-sgi .izpdPv>h2{color:#ec1a2e}.izpdPv>p:first-child{margin-top:0}.izpdPv span:first-child~p:first-of-type{margin-top:0}.kwrneb{position:relative;background:#fff;overflow-wrap:break-word}.blOrrc{width:100%;flex-grow:1}.blOrrc .amp-article-content[amp-access][amp-access-hide]{display:block;overflow:hidden;max-height:360px}.blOrrc .amp-article-content[amp-access][amp-access-hide] .social-share{display:none}.blOrrc .amp-article-content[amp-access][amp-access-hide].show-all-content{max-height:100%}@media(max-width:594px){.blOrrc .amp-article-content[amp-access][amp-access-hide]{max-height:530px}}.blOrrc .amp-newsletter-reg-gate{position:relative;left:-12px;width:calc(100% + 24px)}.blOrrc .social-share{width:100%;padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:20px}@media(min-width:768px){.blOrrc .social-share{justify-content:flex-start}}.blOrrc .social-share.sticky{display:none}@media(min-width:1000px){.blOrrc .social-share.sticky{display:flex;position:sticky;top:14px;width:34px;flex-direction:column;margin-top:0;margin-left:-25%;float:left}.blOrrc .social-share.sticky amp-social-share,.blOrrc .social-share.sticky .sc-mgcah7-0{margin:0 0 16px}.article-feature-video .blOrrc .social-share.sticky{margin-top:0}.article-feature:not(.article-feature-video) .blOrrc .social-share.sticky{margin-top:35%}}.blOrrc.sponsored-article img,.blOrrc.sponsored-article video{width:100%;max-width:602px;height:auto}.blOrrc.sponsored-article iframe{max-width:602px;max-height:400px}.blOrrc .under-article-prompt-donations{padding-bottom:8px;margin-top:-3px}.blOrrc .big-letter{--color:#222;display:flex;position:relative;width:0;height:0;align-items:center;justify-content:center;padding:40px;margin-top:22px;margin-right:12px;border:1px solid var(--color);float:left;font:normal 52px/1 'Indy Serif','Indy Serif Fallback',serif;text-transform:uppercase}.blOrrc .big-letter:first-child{margin-top:6px}.blOrrc .big-letter::before{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid var(--color);border-radius:50%;content:''}.blOrrc #taboola-below-article-1{min-height:2350px}@media(min-width:768px){.blOrrc #taboola-below-article-1{min-height:3370px}}.blOrrc #taboola-below-article-1-split-num-1{min-height:130px}@media(min-width:768px){.blOrrc #taboola-below-article-1-split-num-1{min-height:415px}}.blOrrc .sc-fwko30-0+.sc-1xtsh2b-0{margin-top:-16px}@media(min-width:768px){.blOrrc{max-width:636px;margin:0}}@media(min-width:1000px){.blOrrc{max-width:624px;margin:0}.blOrrc.subscribed{max-width:636px}}@media(max-width:999px){.blOrrc{padding-right:0}.blOrrc .under-article-prompt-donations{margin-top:-18px}}.gvJwvQ{max-width:636px}@media(min-width:1000px){.gvJwvQ{position:relative;max-width:636px;padding:50px 82px 0;background:#fff}}.azcVx{margin:0 0 20px;letter-spacing:0}.fKNoab{max-width:968px;margin:0 auto;background:#fff}@media(min-width:1000px){.fKNoab{padding:0 16px}.parallax .fKNoab{max-width:1240px}}.bJjAgi{font:bold 32px/36px 'Indy Serif','Indy Serif Fallback',serif;letter-spacing:-0.0156em}@media(min-width:768px){.bJjAgi{font:bold 44px/48px 'Indy Serif','Indy Serif Fallback',serif;letter-spacing:-0.0113em}}@media(min-width:1000px){.bJjAgi{font:bold 54px/58px 'Indy Serif','Indy Serif Fallback',serif;letter-spacing:-0.0092em}}.dQVyoI .sc-qvufca-0{margin:0 12px}@media(min-width:768px){.dQVyoI .sc-qvufca-0{max-width:968px;margin-right:16px;margin-left:16px}}@media(min-width:1000px){.dQVyoI .sc-qvufca-0{margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}}.dQVyoI .sc-qvufca-2{margin-bottom:16px;color:#222}@media(min-width:768px){.dQVyoI .sc-qvufca-2{margin-bottom:18px}}@media(min-width:1000px){.dQVyoI .sc-qvufca-2{margin-top:0}}.article-feature .dQVyoI .sc-qvufca-2{text-align:center}@media(min-width:1000px){.article-feature .dQVyoI .sc-qvufca-2{max-width:968px}}.dQVyoI .sc-aeekvc-0{margin-bottom:16px}@media(min-width:1000px){.dQVyoI .sc-aeekvc-0{max-width:968px}}.dQVyoI .sc-aeekvc-0 p{margin-top:0}@media(min-width:768px){.dQVyoI .sc-aeekvc-0 p{margin-bottom:16px}}@media(min-width:2560px){.dQVyoI .sc-aeekvc-0 p{margin-bottom:12px}}.heCdRv{display:flex;flex-direction:column;margin-top:40px}@media(min-width:768px){.heCdRv{margin-top:56px}}.dyGKzS{--bleed:12px;display:flex;box-sizing:border-box;flex-direction:row;gap:32px;padding:16px var(--bleed);background-color:#fff}.article-liveblog .dyGKzS{background-color:#f7f7f7}@media(min-width:768px){.dyGKzS{--bleed:0;max-width:1000px;margin:0 auto}}@media(min-width:1000px){.dyGKzS{--bleed:16px;max-width:1000px;padding:var(--bleed)}}.gIldS{overflow:hidden;height:0;color:transparent}.article-liveblog .fbWdwj{background-color:#f7f7f7}.eFgmkR{justify-content:center}.cvujVr{justify-content:center}</style> <script id="analytics-data" type="application/json">{"page_url":"https://www.independent.co.uk/service/contact-us-759589.html","actual_url":"https://www.independent.co.uk/service/contact-us-759589.html","page_domain":"independent.co.uk","page_path":"/service/contact-us-759589.html","user_status":"anonymous","logged_in_status":"not logged in","main_js_version":"main.1e43f7142008aadbc270.js","page_name":"service/article759589","page_type":"Article","site_sections":"service","article_premium_status":"free","article_id":"759589","article_id_root":"387004","article_title":"Contact Us","article_category":"Service","article_publication_time":"01:51:42","pixel_id":"387004","published_date":"Wednesday, 29 May 2024","first_published_date":"Wednesday, 29 May 2024","homepage_section":"","article_page_filename":"contact-us-759589.html","lead_media_item":"image","article_topic_tags":"user policies","word_count":861,"content_source":"Internal - Not for syndication","components_list":"A2,F1","desktop_components_list":"","mobile_components_list":"A1","internal_links_count":0,"internal_topic_links_count":0,"internal_non_topic_links_count":0,"article_swap":"image","affiliate_links_count":6}</script><script type="application/ld+json">{"@type":"Organization","@context":"https://schema.org","name":"The Independent","url":"https://www.independent.co.uk","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://www.independent.co.uk/img/logo.png","width":504,"height":60},"sameAs":["https://twitter.com/Independent","https://www.facebook.com/TheIndependentOnline","https://www.youtube.com/theindependent"],"@id":"independent.co.uk"}</script><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.independent.co.uk/service/contact-us-759589.html"},"headline":"Contact Us | The Independent","datePublished":"2024-05-29T13:51:42.000Z","dateModified":"2024-05-29T13:51:42.000Z","description":"We work hard to answer queries and ensure your experience of The Independent is as good as we can possibly make it. On this page you can find out how to contact us.","thumbnailUrl":["https://static.independent.co.uk/2020/11/09/17/The%20Independent%20logo%20main.jpg?width=1200","https://static.independent.co.uk/2020/11/09/17/The%20Independent%20logo%20main.jpg?width=1200&height=630&fit=crop","https://static.independent.co.uk/2020/11/09/17/The%20Independent%20logo%20main.jpg?width=1200&height=900&fit=crop","https://static.independent.co.uk/2020/11/09/17/The%20Independent%20logo%20main.jpg?width=1200&height=1200&fit=crop"],"articleSection":"Service","url":"https://www.independent.co.uk/service/contact-us-759589.html","publisher":{"@type":"Organization","@context":"https://schema.org","name":"The Independent","url":"https://www.independent.co.uk","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://www.independent.co.uk/img/logo.png","width":504,"height":60},"sameAs":["https://twitter.com/Independent","https://www.facebook.com/TheIndependentOnline","https://www.youtube.com/theindependent"],"@id":"independent.co.uk"},"author":{"@type":"Person","name":"The Independent"},"image":["https://static.independent.co.uk/2020/11/09/17/The%20Independent%20logo%20main.jpg?width=1200","https://static.independent.co.uk/2020/11/09/17/The%20Independent%20logo%20main.jpg?width=1200&height=630&fit=crop","https://static.independent.co.uk/2020/11/09/17/The%20Independent%20logo%20main.jpg?width=1200&height=900&fit=crop","https://static.independent.co.uk/2020/11/09/17/The%20Independent%20logo%20main.jpg?width=1200&height=1200&fit=crop"],"isAccessibleForFree":true,"isPartOf":{"@type":["CreativeWork","Product"],"name":"The Independent","productID":"independent.co.uk:showcase"}}</script><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Service","item":"https://www.independent.co.uk/service"}]}</script> <script type="speculationrules"> {"prefetch":[{"where":{"href_matches":"/*"},"eagerness":"moderate"}]} </script> </head> <body id="body"> <script type="application/json" id="piano-meta">{"tags":["user-policies","s_service","receiveIndyBreakingNews"],"contentCreated":"2024-05-29T13:51:42Z","contentSection":"Service"}</script><div class="sc-11dbwmc-0 cLKBdZ"><div class="hydrate-root" data-component="SuccessBannerManager"></div><script type="application/json">{}</script><header id="header" class="sc-1fvr4xs-0 hAbsCS page-header"><a href="#main-content" class="sc-1arhcyp-0 kJypLB">Jump to content</a><div class="sc-1pkogcm-4 cqFjwY"><div class="sc-zkjqbw-0 hJrNdp sc-1ca6zfp-0 bRtZOi"><div class="sc-zkjqbw-1 cYcMVX"><div class="sc-1ca6zfp-1 sc-1ca6zfp-2 eqXYCP dPjrst"><div class="hydrate-root sc-1pkogcm-3 iOjNYY" data-component="EditionSwitcher"><div id="globalnavbar-edition-switcher" class="sc-18b45p-0 iiLNFE sc-fxzxid-5 kfmazJ"><div id="__dropdown_globalnavbar-edition-switcher_trigger__" role="button" aria-controls="__dropdown_globalnavbar-edition-switcher_content__" aria-expanded="false" aria-disabled="false" tabindex="0" class="sc-18b45p-1 exOVnf"><div class="sc-fxzxid-6 sc-fxzxid-7 bVzlFN cFpgCT dropdown-trigger"><span class="sc-fxzxid-8 eYkrjp">UK Edition<span class="sc-fxzxid-10 iKLPvm">Change</span><svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-fxzxid-0 jzjxfk"><use href="#d5d9764c65d2cfa2"></use></svg></span></div></div><div id="__dropdown_globalnavbar-edition-switcher_content__" aria-labelledby="__dropdown_globalnavbar-edition-switcher_trigger__" aria-hidden="true" class="sc-18b45p-2 ilmcw"><div class="sc-18b45p-3 lwnPP"><div class="sc-fxzxid-2 guutQy dropdown-content"><a href="https://www.the-independent.com/" data-edition="US" class="sc-fxzxid-3 sc-fxzxid-4 ebZidl fqnYpK">US Edition<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-fxzxid-0 jzjxfk"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a><a href="https://www.independent.co.uk/asia" data-edition="AS" class="sc-fxzxid-3 sc-fxzxid-4 ebZidl fqnYpK">Asia Edition<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-fxzxid-0 jzjxfk"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a><a href="https://www.independentespanol.com/" data-edition="false" class="sc-fxzxid-3 sc-fxzxid-4 ebZidl fqnYpK">Edición en Español<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-fxzxid-0 jzjxfk"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></div></div></div></div></div><script type="application/json">{"changeText":"Change","domain":"independent.co.uk","isHeader":true,"locale":"UK","id":"globalnavbar-edition-switcher","serverEnv":"prod","newEditions":true}</script></div><div class="sc-1ca6zfp-1 sc-1ca6zfp-3 eqXYCP cEouhA"><a href="/newsletters" class="sc-1pkogcm-0 iAzgnm">Sign up to our newsletters</a><a id="header-laptop-subscribe-button" href="/subscribe?itm_channel=native&itm_campaign=top_right_subscribe" data-testid="header-laptop-subscribe-button" class="sc-1pkogcm-1 iSoxDV">Subscribe now</a><div class="hydrate-root" data-component="RegisterLoginButton"><a href="/login?regSourceMethod=login%20overlay" class="sc-prfj1i-8 sc-prfj1i-9 hDcMpO dgUvdt register-login-link"><svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-prfj1i-1 tzAeb"><use href="#7a455166757b1edf"></use></svg><span>Log in / Register<span class="sc-prfj1i-6 boHKHo"></span></span></a></div><script type="application/json">{"isHeader":true,"isActiveRecurringDonator":false,"supportButtonCopy":"Support Now"}</script></div></div></div></div><div id="standard-header-main" class="sc-1fvr4xs-1 eRJlQI"><a href="/" aria-label="Back to homepage" class="sc-g8pf3u-3 sc-g8pf3u-6 zKsKo cholRg"><span class="sc-hocvh6-0 cjFafO"><svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-g8pf3u-0 sc-g8pf3u-1 iHQmTt iQbfNb logo-stamp"><use href="#f9cc7f5596803d67"></use></svg> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" id="5609b156669c1f36" class="logo-text" viewBox="0 0 643 62"><path fill="#1C1B19" d="m.3 1.6 2.5.5c5.9 1.1 6.6 4.6 6.6 7.8v40.7c0 3.3-.8 6.6-6.6 7.8l-2.5.5v1.3h29v-1.3l-2.5-.5c-5.8-1.2-6.6-4.5-6.6-7.8V9.9c0-3.2.8-6.7 6.6-7.8l2.5-.5V.3H.3zM589.6.3v20.1h1.2l3-7.4c3-7.4 6-11.4 13.8-11.4h3.2v49c0 3.2-.7 7-6.6 7.9l-2.5.4v1.3h29v-1.3l-2.6-.4c-5.8-1-6.6-4.7-6.6-8V1.7h3.2c7.8 0 10.9 4 13.8 11.4l3 7.4h1.2V.3zm-25.9 1.3 2.4.3c4.4.6 8.5 2.8 8.6 14.2l.2 27.3-23.2-27.5c-7-8.2-9.8-11.7-11.8-15.4l-.2-.2h-21.2v1.3h.4c4.4.8 7.1 2.6 11.7 7.6l.9 1v31.4c0 13.4-4.2 15.6-9.3 16.9l-1.8.4v1.3h23.8v-1.3l-1.7-.4c-4.5-1.2-9.2-2.5-9.3-17l-.3-29.8 42 49.6.2.1h1.3V16.1c0-11.4 4.3-13.6 8.6-14.2l2.3-.3V.3h-23.6zM320.2 49.4c-4 6.9-8.9 9.4-18 9.4h-2.6c-5 0-7.3-2.5-7.3-8V30l3.7.1c9.1.2 11.6.6 14.5 9.4l1 3.2h1.3V15.8h-1.3l-1 3.3c-2.8 8.8-5.5 9.2-14.5 9.4h-3.7V1.7h6.4c10.8 0 15.6 2.3 19.2 8.9L322 18h1.2V.3h-50.7v1.3l2.5.5c5.5 1 6.6 3.7 6.6 7.6v40.9c0 3.2-.8 7-6.6 7.9l-2.5.4v1.3h53V42.5h-1.2l-4.1 7m189.6 0c-4 6.8-8.9 9.3-18 9.3h-2.5c-5.1 0-7.4-2.5-7.4-8V30l3.7.1c9.2.2 11.7.6 14.5 9.4l1 3.2h1.3V15.8H501l-1 3.3c-2.8 8.8-5.5 9.2-14.5 9.4H482V1.7h6.5c10.7 0 15.5 2.3 19.2 8.9l4 7.4h1.2V.3h-50.7v1.3l2.5.5c5.5 1 6.6 3.7 6.6 7.6v40.9c0 3.2-.7 7-6.6 7.9l-2.5.4v1.3h53V42.5H514l-4 7m-391.4 1V1.6h7.6c15.2 0 24.2 10.7 24.2 28.6 0 18.2-8.5 28.6-23.4 28.6h-2c-5.4 0-6.5-3.3-6.5-8.3M128.7.3H75.2v1.3l2.4.3c5.4.8 8.5 3 8.6 12.5l.2 29-23.2-27.5C56.4 8 53.4 4.2 51.4.5l-.2-.2H30v1.3h.4c4.3.8 7 2.6 11.7 7.6l.9 1v31.4c0 13.4-4.3 15.6-9.4 16.9l-1.7.4v1.3h23.8v-1.3l-1.7-.4c-4.5-1.2-9.2-2.5-9.3-17l-.3-29.8 42.2 49.7h1.3V13c0-7.5 3.3-11.3 10-11.3 6.5 0 9.9 3.8 9.9 11.3v37.6c0 3.5-.8 6.9-6.7 7.9l-2.4.4v1.3h30c10.3 0 19-3.2 25-9.3a29.3 29.3 0 0 0 8.5-21c0-8-3-15.4-8.5-20.7a35 35 0 0 0-25-9m288.6 50.3V1.6h7.6c15.2 0 24.2 10.7 24.2 28.6 0 18.2-8.5 28.6-23.4 28.6h-1.9c-5.4 0-6.5-3.3-6.5-8.3M427.5.3H374v1.3l2.4.3c5.4.8 8.5 3 8.6 12.5l.2 29L362 15.9c-7-8.2-9.8-11.7-11.8-15.4l-.2-.2h-21.2v1.3h.4c4.4.8 7.1 2.6 11.7 7.6l.9 1v31.4c0 13.4-4.3 15.6-9.4 16.9l-1.7.4v1.3h23.8v-1.3l-1.7-.4c-4.5-1.2-9.2-2.5-9.3-17l-.2-29.8 42 49.6.1.1h1.3V13c0-7.5 3.3-11.3 10-11.3 6.5 0 10 3.8 10 11.3v37.6c0 3.5-.9 6.9-6.8 7.9l-2.4.4v1.3h30c10.3 0 19-3.2 25-9.3a29.3 29.3 0 0 0 8.5-21c0-8-3-15.4-8.5-20.7a35 35 0 0 0-25-9M248 .3h-25.9v1.4l2.5.5c5.8 1.1 6.6 4.4 6.6 7.7v40.8c0 3.4-.8 6.6-6.6 7.8l-2.5.5v1.3h30V59l-2-.4c-6.8-1.4-8-2.8-8-8.7V1.7h2.5c9.2 0 14.7 6.2 14.7 16.6 0 10.5-5.5 16.7-14.7 16.7h-.7v1.5h4.1c13.5 0 23-7.5 23-18.2 0-10.6-9.5-18-23-18m-37 49.1c-4 6.8-8.9 9.4-18 9.4h-2.6c-5 0-7.3-2.5-7.3-8V30l3.7.1c9.1.2 11.6.6 14.5 9.4l1 3.2h1.2V15.8h-1.2l-1 3.3c-2.8 8.8-5.5 9.2-14.5 9.4h-3.7V1.7h6.4c10.7 0 15.6 2.3 19.2 8.9l4.1 7.4h1.2V.3h-50.7v1.3l2.5.5c5.5 1 6.6 3.7 6.6 7.6v40.9c0 3.2-.8 7-6.6 7.9l-2.5.4v1.3h53V42.5H215l-4.1 7"></path></svg><span class="sc-1vkqptb-0 hfCabj">Independent</span></span></a><div class="sc-2ar5g0-0 sc-2ar5g0-3 vTHhv iUndaf header-menu-temp-links"><a href="/extras/indybest/black-friday" class="sc-2ar5g0-5 edZhkg header-menu-temp-link"><span class="sc-2ar5g0-6 byZCpR">Black Friday</span><svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-2ar5g0-4 fwQWNu"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a><a href="/topic/us-election-2024" class="sc-2ar5g0-5 edZhkg header-menu-temp-link"><span class="sc-2ar5g0-6 byZCpR">US election</span><svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-2ar5g0-4 fwQWNu"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></div><a href="/subscribe?itm_channel=native&itm_campaign=top_right_subscribe" class="sc-zx26bg-0 lmZgeR">Subscribe</a><div class="hydrate-root sc-1kjo583-1 ksiMyM" data-component="MenuButton"><button aria-label="Open full menu" id="MegaMenuButton" class="sc-1srcv3o-0 dGUlxm"><svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch"><use href="#0a0df087e37b7de2"></use></svg>Menu</button></div><script type="application/json">{"children":"Menu"}</script><div class="sc-jmla16-0 sc-jmla16-1 IrPpw iJWhrN"><div class="search-input"><div id="searchBox0"></div><div id="quickSearchresults0" class="quick-searchresults"></div></div></div></div><div class="sc-1od5y3b-0 krdLKc"><div class="sc-1od5y3b-3 eOTnzF"><ul class="sc-1od5y3b-4 dEFHjV"><li class="sc-12qu2kl-4 ckdRxU primary-item"><a href="/" class="sc-12qu2kl-0 dLhRPl primary-link">News</a><ul class="sc-1k0c6g8-4 dgjlSf secondary-nav"><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">News<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/news/uk" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">UK<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/us" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">US<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/news/world" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">World<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/news/uk/politics" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">UK Politics<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/topic/brexit" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Brexit<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/news/health" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Health<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/news/business" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Business<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/money" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Money<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/news/science" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Science<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/space" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Space<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/tv/news" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">News Videos<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li><li class="sc-12qu2kl-4 ckdRxU primary-item"><a href="/sport" class="sc-12qu2kl-0 dLhRPl primary-link">Sport</a><ul class="sc-1k0c6g8-4 dgjlSf secondary-nav"><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/sport" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Sport<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/sport/football" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Football<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/sport/olympics" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Paris 2024 Olympics<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/f1" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Formula 1<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/sport/rugby/rugby-union" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Rugby Union<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/sport/cricket" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Cricket<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/sport/tennis" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Tennis<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/sport/boxing" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Boxing<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/sport/ufc" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">UFC<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/sport/cycling" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Cycling<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/sport/golf" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Golf<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/tv/sport" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Sport Videos<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li><li class="sc-12qu2kl-4 ckdRxU primary-item"><a href="/voices" class="sc-12qu2kl-0 dLhRPl primary-link">Voices</a><ul class="sc-1k0c6g8-4 dgjlSf secondary-nav"><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/voices" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Voices<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/voices/editorials" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Editorials<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/voices/letters" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Letters<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/author/john-rentoul" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">John Rentoul<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/author/mary-dejevsky" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Mary Dejevsky<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/author/andrew-grice" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Andrew Grice<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/author/sean-ogrady" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Sean O’Grady<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li><li class="sc-12qu2kl-4 ckdRxU primary-item"><a href="/arts-entertainment" class="sc-12qu2kl-0 dLhRPl primary-link">Culture</a><ul class="sc-1k0c6g8-4 dgjlSf secondary-nav"><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/arts-entertainment" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Culture<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/arts-entertainment/films" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Film<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/arts-entertainment/tv" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">TV & Radio<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/arts-entertainment/music" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Music<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/games" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Games<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/arts-entertainment/books" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Books<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/arts-entertainment/art" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Art<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/arts-entertainment/photography" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Photography<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Theatre & Dance<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/tv/culture" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Culture Videos<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li><li class="sc-12qu2kl-4 ckdRxU primary-item"><a href="/life-style" class="sc-12qu2kl-0 dLhRPl primary-link">Lifestyle</a><ul class="sc-1k0c6g8-4 dgjlSf secondary-nav"><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/life-style" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Lifestyle<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/extras/indybest" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Shopping<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/beauty" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Beauty <svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/health-and-fitness" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Fitness & Wellbeing<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/tech" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Tech<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/life-style/food-and-drink" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Food & Drink<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/life-style/fashion" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Fashion<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/life-style/love-sex" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Love & Sex<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/life-style/women" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Women<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/life-style/health-and-families" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Health & Families<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/life-style/royal-family" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Royal Family<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/life-style/motoring" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Motoring<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/cars/electric-vehicles" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Electric Vehicles <svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/advisor/car-insurance" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Car Insurance Deals <svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/tv/lifestyle" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Lifestyle Videos<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li><li class="sc-12qu2kl-4 ckdRxU primary-item"><a href="/extras/indybest" class="sc-12qu2kl-0 dLhRPl primary-link">IndyBest</a><ul class="sc-1k0c6g8-4 dgjlSf secondary-nav"><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/extras/indybest" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">IndyBest<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/extras/indybest/house-garden" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Home & Garden<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/extras/indybest/gadgets-tech" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Tech<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/advisor/broadband" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Broadband deals<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/extras/indybest/fashion-beauty" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Fashion & Beauty<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/extras/indybest/deals" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Deals<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/extras/indybest/food-drink" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Food & Drink<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/extras/indybest/kids" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Kids<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/extras/indybest/books" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Books<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/extras/indybest/travel-outdoors" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Travel & Outdoors<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/extras/indybest/outdoor-activity" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Sports & Fitness<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li><li class="sc-12qu2kl-4 ckdRxU primary-item"><a href="/travel" class="sc-12qu2kl-0 dLhRPl primary-link">Travel</a><ul class="sc-1k0c6g8-4 dgjlSf secondary-nav"><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/travel" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Travel<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/travel/hotels" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Hotel Reviews<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/travel/news-and-advice" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">News & Advice<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/author/simon-calder" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Simon Calder<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/travel/cruise" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Cruises<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/travel/uk" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">UK<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/travel/europe" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Europe<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/travel/north-america/usa" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">USA<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/travel/asia" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Asia<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/travel/australasia" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Australia & New Zealand<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/travel/south-america" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">South America<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/travel/central-america-caribbean" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">C. America & Caribbean<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-1k0c6g8-1 iyXfWA"><a href="/travel/middle-east" class="sc-1k0c6g8-2 kjVftn">Middle East<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1k0c6g8-0 dORPpQ"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li></ul><div class="sc-1q6g3n8-0 kfJXRX primary-item"><div class="sc-1q6g3n8-1 dnmOMl primary-link">More</div><div class="sc-7mls89-0 bPSLdk secondary-nav"><div class="sc-7mls89-1 dimgrF"><div class="sc-140oqnr-0 cnPJwT"><a href="/independentpremium" class="sc-140oqnr-8 byGjwy"><svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-7 dQvmrH"><use href="#6b081fe6f5d2d48e"></use></svg>Premium<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-2 ldGDlo"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a><ul class="sc-140oqnr-6 dtIEn"><li class="sc-140oqnr-5 hcRjdO"><a href="/independentpremium/politics-explained" class="sc-140oqnr-4 iqIoDe">Politics Explained<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-3 hRdvid"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-140oqnr-5 hcRjdO"><a href="/voices/editorials" class="sc-140oqnr-4 iqIoDe">Editorials<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-3 hRdvid"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-140oqnr-5 hcRjdO"><a href="/independentpremium/voices" class="sc-140oqnr-4 iqIoDe">Voices<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-3 hRdvid"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-140oqnr-5 hcRjdO"><a href="/independentpremium/long-reads" class="sc-140oqnr-4 iqIoDe">Long Reads<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-3 hRdvid"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-140oqnr-5 hcRjdO"><a href="/independentpremium/news-analysis" class="sc-140oqnr-4 iqIoDe">News Analysis<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-3 hRdvid"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-140oqnr-5 hcRjdO"><a href="https://edition.independent.co.uk/" class="sc-140oqnr-4 iqIoDe">Today’s Edition<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-3 hRdvid"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="sc-140oqnr-0 cnPJwT"><a href="/climate-change" class="sc-140oqnr-8 jBrMDA"><svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-7 dQvmrH"><use href="#6b081fe6f5d2d48e"></use></svg>Climate<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-2 ldGDlo"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a><ul class="sc-140oqnr-6 dtIEn"><li class="sc-140oqnr-5 hcRjdO"><a href="/climate-change/news" class="sc-140oqnr-4 iqIoDe">News<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-3 hRdvid"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-140oqnr-5 hcRjdO"><a href="/climate-change/climate-100" class="sc-140oqnr-4 iqIoDe">Climate 100<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-3 hRdvid"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-140oqnr-5 hcRjdO"><a href="/life-style/motoring/electric-vehicles" class="sc-140oqnr-4 iqIoDe">Electric Vehicles <svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-3 hRdvid"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-140oqnr-5 hcRjdO"><a href="/climate-change/opinion" class="sc-140oqnr-4 iqIoDe">Voices<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-3 hRdvid"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-140oqnr-5 hcRjdO"><a href="/climate-change/sustainable-living" class="sc-140oqnr-4 iqIoDe">Sustainable Living<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-3 hRdvid"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-140oqnr-5 hcRjdO"><a href="/climate-change/infact" class="sc-140oqnr-4 iqIoDe">Explained<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-3 hRdvid"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-140oqnr-5 hcRjdO"><a href="/tv/climate" class="sc-140oqnr-4 iqIoDe">Climate Videos<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-3 hRdvid"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-140oqnr-5 hcRjdO"><a href="/advisor/solar-panels/best-solar-panels" class="sc-140oqnr-4 iqIoDe">Solar Panels <svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-3 hRdvid"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-140oqnr-5 hcRjdO"><a href="/climate-change/sgi" class="sc-140oqnr-4 iqIoDe">SGI<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-3 hRdvid"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="sc-140oqnr-0 cnPJwT"><a href="/tv/editors-picks" class="sc-140oqnr-8 cgdsAs"><svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-7 dQvmrH"><use href="#6b081fe6f5d2d48e"></use></svg>TV<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-2 ldGDlo"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a><ul class="sc-140oqnr-6 dtIEn"><li class="sc-140oqnr-5 hcRjdO"><a href="/tv/behind-the-headlines" class="sc-140oqnr-4 iqIoDe">Behind The Headlines<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-3 hRdvid"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-140oqnr-5 hcRjdO"><a href="/tv/on-the-ground" class="sc-140oqnr-4 iqIoDe">On The Ground<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-3 hRdvid"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-140oqnr-5 hcRjdO"><a href="/tv/decomplicated" class="sc-140oqnr-4 iqIoDe">Decomplicated<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-3 hRdvid"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-140oqnr-5 hcRjdO"><a href="/tv/you-ask-the-questions" class="sc-140oqnr-4 iqIoDe">You Ask The Questions<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-3 hRdvid"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-140oqnr-5 hcRjdO"><a href="/tv/binge-or-bin" class="sc-140oqnr-4 iqIoDe">Binge Watch<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-3 hRdvid"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-140oqnr-5 hcRjdO"><a href="/tv/music-box" class="sc-140oqnr-4 iqIoDe">Music Box<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-3 hRdvid"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-140oqnr-5 hcRjdO"><a href="/tv/millennial-love" class="sc-140oqnr-4 iqIoDe">Love Lives<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-3 hRdvid"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-140oqnr-5 hcRjdO"><a href="/tv/travel-smart" class="sc-140oqnr-4 iqIoDe">Travel Smart<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-3 hRdvid"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-140oqnr-5 hcRjdO"><a href="/tech/independent-tv-download-smart-tv-how-b2287476.html" class="sc-140oqnr-4 iqIoDe">Watch on your TV<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-3 hRdvid"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="sc-140oqnr-0 sc-140oqnr-1 cnPJwT gfUMrT"><ul class="sc-140oqnr-6 dtIEn"><li class="sc-140oqnr-5 hcRjdO"><a href="https://edition.independent.co.uk/" class="sc-140oqnr-4 iqIoDe">Today’s Edition<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-3 hRdvid"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-140oqnr-5 hcRjdO"><a href="https://puzzles.independent.co.uk/?utm_campaign=navbar&utm_medium=nav&utm_source=navpuzzles" class="sc-140oqnr-4 iqIoDe">Crosswords & Puzzles<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-3 hRdvid"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-140oqnr-5 hcRjdO"><a href="/comments" class="sc-140oqnr-4 iqIoDe">Most Commented<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-3 hRdvid"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-140oqnr-5 hcRjdO"><a href="/newsletters?itm_channel=native&itm_campaign=burger_nav&itm_audience=prospecting&itm_content=newsletters" class="sc-140oqnr-4 iqIoDe">Newsletters<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-3 hRdvid"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-140oqnr-5 hcRjdO"><a href="/ask-me-anything" class="sc-140oqnr-4 iqIoDe">Ask Me Anything<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-3 hRdvid"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-140oqnr-5 hcRjdO"><a href="/virtual-events" class="sc-140oqnr-4 iqIoDe">Virtual Events<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-3 hRdvid"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-140oqnr-5 hcRjdO"><a href="/topic/perfect-cellar" class="sc-140oqnr-4 iqIoDe">Wine Offers <svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-3 hRdvid"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-140oqnr-5 hcRjdO"><a href="/vouchercodes" class="sc-140oqnr-4 iqIoDe">Vouchers<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-3 hRdvid"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-140oqnr-5 hcRjdO"><a href="https://www.indy100.com/" class="sc-140oqnr-4 iqIoDe">Indy100<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-3 hRdvid"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-140oqnr-5 hcRjdO"><a href="/sport/betting-sites-b2584371.html" class="sc-140oqnr-4 iqIoDe">Betting Sites<svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-3 hRdvid"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li><li class="sc-140oqnr-5 hcRjdO"><a href="/games/online-casinos-b2599494.html" class="sc-140oqnr-4 iqIoDe">Casino Sites <svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 ixMGSo sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-140oqnr-3 hRdvid"><use href="#363d20b20cc0845f"></use></svg></a></li></ul></div></div></div></div><a href="/tv/editors-picks" id="indytv-link" class="sc-1od5y3b-1 grxqIE"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" id="6ed4f6c8fcfbc18c" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 128 19" class="sc-1od5y3b-2 caGcRA"><path fill="#222" fill-rule="evenodd" d="m.03 4.55.4.09c.93.2 1.05.78 1.05 1.32v6.82c0 .57-.13 1.11-1.05 1.31l-.4.08v.22h4.6v-.22l-.39-.08c-.92-.2-1.05-.74-1.05-1.3V5.95c0-.54.13-1.12 1.05-1.32l.4-.09v-.21H.04zm97.63-.21v3.38h.2l.5-1.25c.48-1.23 1-1.9 2.28-1.9h.53v8.21c0 .54-.12 1.17-1.09 1.32l-.41.07v.22h4.79v-.22l-.42-.07c-.97-.15-1.09-.78-1.09-1.32V4.57h.54c1.28 0 1.8.67 2.28 1.9l.5 1.25h.2V4.34zm-4.22.22.39.05c.73.1 1.4.47 1.42 2.38l.04 4.58-3.84-4.6a18 18 0 0 1-1.96-2.6l-.02-.03h-3.51v.21l.06.02c.72.13 1.18.43 1.94 1.27l.14.16v5.27c0 2.26-.7 2.62-1.54 2.83l-.28.08v.21h3.93v-.21l-.28-.08c-.75-.2-1.53-.4-1.54-2.83l-.04-5 6.95 8.3.02.03h.22V7c0-1.91.72-2.28 1.42-2.38l.39-.05v-.22h-3.9zm-40.45 8.03c-.65 1.14-1.45 1.57-2.95 1.57h-.41c-.83 0-1.2-.42-1.2-1.35V9.33l.6.02c1.5.02 1.9.1 2.37 1.57l.17.53h.2v-4.5h-.2l-.17.55c-.45 1.47-.9 1.54-2.36 1.57l-.61.01V4.57h1.05c1.75 0 2.55.37 3.14 1.48l.67 1.25h.19V4.34h-8.3v.21l.41.09c.9.19 1.08.63 1.08 1.28v6.86c0 .54-.12 1.17-1.07 1.32l-.41.07v.22h8.66v-2.96h-.2zm31.37 0c-.65 1.14-1.45 1.57-2.95 1.57h-.4c-.84 0-1.21-.42-1.21-1.35V9.33l.6.02c1.5.02 1.91.1 2.37 1.57l.17.53h.2v-4.5h-.2l-.17.55c-.45 1.47-.9 1.54-2.36 1.57l-.61.01V4.57h1.05c1.75 0 2.55.37 3.14 1.48l.67 1.25h.19V4.34h-8.3v.21l.42.09c.9.19 1.08.63 1.08 1.28v6.86c0 .54-.13 1.17-1.08 1.32l-.41.07v.22h8.66v-2.96h-.19zm-64.74.18v-8.2h1.26c2.51 0 4.01 1.8 4.01 4.8 0 3.04-1.41 4.79-3.89 4.79h-.3c-.9 0-1.08-.56-1.08-1.39m1.68-8.43h-8.87v.22l.39.05c.9.13 1.41.52 1.42 2.1l.05 4.86-3.86-4.6a18 18 0 0 1-1.96-2.6l-.02-.03H4.92v.21l.07.02c.72.13 1.18.43 1.94 1.27l.15.16v5.27c0 2.26-.7 2.62-1.55 2.83l-.28.08v.21h3.94v-.21l-.28-.08c-.75-.2-1.53-.4-1.55-2.83l-.04-5 7 8.33h.21V6.48q0-1.9 1.65-1.91 1.66 0 1.66 1.91v6.3c0 .59-.14 1.16-1.11 1.32l-.4.07v.22h4.97a5.7 5.7 0 0 0 4.16-1.55c.91-.91 1.41-2.16 1.41-3.52s-.5-2.59-1.4-3.48a5.8 5.8 0 0 0-4.17-1.5m47.84 8.43v-8.2h1.26c2.51 0 4.01 1.8 4.01 4.8 0 3.04-1.41 4.79-3.89 4.79h-.3c-.9 0-1.08-.56-1.08-1.39m1.68-8.43h-8.87v.22l.39.05c.9.13 1.41.52 1.42 2.1l.04 4.86-3.85-4.6a18 18 0 0 1-1.96-2.6l-.02-.03h-3.53v.21l.07.02c.72.13 1.18.43 1.94 1.27l.14.16v5.27c0 2.26-.7 2.62-1.54 2.83l-.29.08v.21h3.95v-.21l-.28-.08c-.76-.2-1.54-.4-1.55-2.83l-.04-5 6.97 8.3.03.03h.2V6.48q.01-1.9 1.66-1.91 1.66 0 1.66 1.91v6.3c0 .59-.14 1.16-1.11 1.32l-.4.07v.22h4.97a5.7 5.7 0 0 0 4.16-1.55c.9-.91 1.4-2.16 1.4-3.52s-.5-2.59-1.4-3.48a5.8 5.8 0 0 0-4.16-1.5m-29.64 0h-4.3v.21l.42.09c.96.2 1.1.74 1.1 1.3v6.84c0 .57-.14 1.11-1.1 1.31l-.41.08v.22h4.97v-.21l-.33-.07c-1.13-.24-1.34-.48-1.34-1.47V4.57h.42c1.53 0 2.45 1.05 2.45 2.8 0 1.76-.92 2.8-2.45 2.8h-.1v.25h.67c2.24 0 3.81-1.25 3.81-3.05s-1.57-3.03-3.8-3.03m-6.35 8.25c-.65 1.14-1.45 1.57-2.95 1.57h-.4c-.84 0-1.21-.42-1.21-1.35V9.33l.6.02c1.5.02 1.91.1 2.37 1.57l.17.53h.2v-4.5h-.2l-.17.55c-.45 1.47-.9 1.54-2.36 1.57l-.61.01V4.57h1.05c1.76 0 2.55.37 3.14 1.48l.67 1.25h.2V4.34h-8.3v.21l.4.09c.9.19 1.09.63 1.09 1.28v6.86c0 .54-.13 1.17-1.08 1.32l-.41.07v.22h8.66v-2.96h-.19z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path><ellipse cx="118.45" cy="9.5" fill="#EC1A2E" rx="9.48" ry="9.5"></ellipse><path fill="#fff" d="m117.37 13.67-.3-1.68c-.24.07-.59.14-.78.14-.65 0-.78-.23-.78-.9v-2.7h1.69V6.87h-1.69V4.96h-1.7l-.52 1.92h-1.02v1.64h.98v3.5c0 1.38.93 2.02 2.24 2.02.87 0 1.5-.2 1.88-.37m2.29.18h2.9l2.07-6.97h-2.32l-1.12 4.88h-.02l-1.2-4.88h-2.4z"></path></svg></a></div></div><div id="success-hint-header" class="sc-b47m3v-0 cHCcTy sc-urva60-0 fGSBJL hide"><div class="sc-govabo-0 kGIWEd"><div class="sc-1h87vhk-0 fbZuLl"><svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 kCQCwg sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1voidh4-0 jtyNhT"><use href="#d19337775de06d7c"></use></svg><div class="sc-1d79dbf-0 cJdxNd"><h3 class="sc-erjdy9-0 eSnFOp">Thank you for registering</h3><p class="sc-1ty8yds-2 JvJbQ"><span class="sc-1ty8yds-0 hpRJZj">Please refresh the page or navigate to another page on the site to be automatically logged in</span><span class="sc-1ty8yds-1 kQFByK">Please refresh your browser to be logged in</span></p></div></div></div></div></header><div id="voucher-ticker" class="sc-1fvr4xs-4 jbhZkc"><div class="sc-1fvr4xs-3 kiiYbJ"></div></div><div class="sc-1q2nh6w-0 fzhiPb sc-11dbwmc-2 sc-mqwbs7-0 enOObH cvujVr" id="frameInner"><article data-is-sensitive="false" data-is-premium="false" data-is-commercial="false" data-is-best="false" class="sc-1i4xxi7-0 fbWdwj service"><header class="sc-i2wz3q-0 dQVyoI sc-t74mdu-0 heCdRv"><div class="sc-qvufca-1 fKNoab"><div class="sc-qvufca-0 jVrJjY"><h1 class="sc-1xt8011-0 sc-qvufca-2 azcVx bJjAgi">Contact Us</h1></div></div></header><div id="main-content" class="sc-1kfh6cz-0 gIldS"></div><div class="sc-1fcmxs3-1 sc-1i4xxi7-1 dyGKzS eFgmkR"><div class="sc-fwko30-1 sc-fwko30-2 blOrrc gvJwvQ main-wrapper"><div class="sc-jbiisr-0 izpdPv sc-jbiisr-2 sc-1wfc891-0 hUjkAJ kwrneb" id="main"><p>We work hard to answer queries and ensure your experience of <em>The Independent </em>is as good as we can possibly make it. On this page you can find out how to contact us.</p><p><strong>If you have a story</strong> you think we might be interested to know about please email our news team at <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="mailto:newsdesk@independent.co.uk">newsdesk@independent.co.uk</a> or phone 020 7005 2000 and ask to be put through to the Independent Newsdesk.</p><p><strong>For help with a </strong><strong><em>technical </em></strong><strong>problem relating to independent.co.uk or our apps</strong> please visit our <a rel="nofollow" data-affiliate="true" target="_blank" href="https://clicks.trx-hub.com/xid/esimedia_t58ukgmjkf95_theindependent?q=http%3A%2F%2Fgo.redirectingat.com%2F%3Fid%3D44681X1458326%26url%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Findependentnews.zendesk.com%252Fhc%252Fen-us%26sref%3D%2Fservice%2Fcontact-us-759589.html&p=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fservice%2Fcontact-us-759589.html&article_id=59589&author=&tag=user+policies§ion=&category=&sub_category=&updated_time=2024-05-29T13%3A51%3A42.000Z&utm_campaign=&utm_term=&utm_content=&utm_medium=&ref=&utm_source=direct&fbclid=&gclid=">Customer Services Helpdesk</a>.</p><div id="article-im-prompt"></div><p><strong>Help with any matters about subscriptions and reader offers</strong> is also available from our <a rel="nofollow" data-affiliate="true" target="_blank" href="https://clicks.trx-hub.com/xid/esimedia_t58ukgmjkf95_theindependent?q=http%3A%2F%2Fgo.redirectingat.com%2F%3Fid%3D44681X1458326%26url%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Findependentnews.zendesk.com%252Fhc%252Fen-us%26sref%3D%2Fservice%2Fcontact-us-759589.html&p=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fservice%2Fcontact-us-759589.html&article_id=59589&author=&tag=user+policies§ion=&category=&sub_category=&updated_time=2024-05-29T13%3A51%3A42.000Z&utm_campaign=&utm_term=&utm_content=&utm_medium=&ref=&utm_source=direct&fbclid=&gclid=">Customer Services Helpdesk</a>.</p><p>If you have a concern about <em>editorial</em> material (ie articles, images and other journalistic content) that has appeared on the website or our apps, please check the following links:</p><p><a href="/service/user-policies-a6184151.html">User Policies</a></p><p><a href="/service/privacy-policy-a6184181.html">Privacy Policy</a></p><p><a href="/service/cookie-policy-a6184186.html">Cookie Policy</a></p><p><a href="/service/code-of-conduct-a6184241.html">Code of Conduct</a></p><p><a rel="nofollow" data-affiliate="true" target="_blank" href="https://clicks.trx-hub.com/xid/esimedia_t58ukgmjkf95_theindependent?q=http%3A%2F%2Fgo.redirectingat.com%2F%3Fid%3D44681X1458326%26url%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Findependentnews.zendesk.com%252Fhc%252Fen-us%252Frequests%252Fnew%26sref%3D%2Fservice%2Fcontact-us-759589.html&p=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fservice%2Fcontact-us-759589.html&article_id=59589&author=&tag=user+policies§ion=&category=&sub_category=&updated_time=2024-05-29T13%3A51%3A42.000Z&utm_campaign=&utm_term=&utm_content=&utm_medium=&ref=&utm_source=direct&fbclid=&gclid=">Complaint Form</a></p><p><a href="/service/external-contributors-policy-7905982.html">External Contributors Policy</a></p><p><a href="/service/community-guidelines-9487166.html">Community Guidelines</a></p><p><a href="/competition-rules-759575.html">Competition Ts & Cs</a></p><p><a href="/service/user-commitment-9487055.html">User Commitment</a></p><p>- – -</p><p><strong>Key editorial staff and contacts</strong></p><p><strong>Editor-in-chief: </strong>Geordie Greig</p><p><strong>US Editor: </strong>Louise Thomas</p><p><strong>Deputy Editor</strong>: David Marley</p><p><strong>Deputy Editor</strong>: Chloe Hubbard</p><p><strong>Executive Editor: </strong>Philippa Jenkins </p><p><strong>Assistant Editor</strong>: Caroline Gammell</p><p><strong>Assistant Editor</strong>: Michael Owens</p><p><strong>Assistant Editor (Premium):</strong> Vicki Harper</p><p><strong>Managing Editor</strong>: Richard Best (<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="mailto:managingeditor@independent.co.uk"><strong>managingeditor@independent.co.uk</strong></a>)</p><p><strong>Daily Edition Editor</strong>: Alastair Jamieson</p><p><strong>Voices (Comment) Editor</strong>: Victoria Richards</p><p><strong>Head of Culture & Lifestyle</strong>: Patrick Smith</p><p><strong>Sports Editor</strong>: Jack Rathborn (<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="mailto:digitalsport@independent.co.uk"><strong>digitalsport@independent.co.uk</strong></a>)</p><p><strong>Letters to the Editor (for possible publication): </strong>(<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="mailto:letters@independent.co.uk"><strong>letters@independent.co.uk</strong></a>)</p><p>Personal email addresses follow this format: firstname.lastname@independent.co.uk</p><p><strong>- – -</strong></p><p>To report abusive comments ‘below the line’, please click the ‘Flag’ icon next to the applicable comment (please do not flag comments simply because you disagree with them – for that, use the ‘thumbs down’ icon).</p><p><strong>- – -</strong></p><p><strong>Customer services</strong></p><p>For general queries and questions about The Independent and our web/app services please visit our <a rel="nofollow" data-affiliate="true" target="_blank" href="https://clicks.trx-hub.com/xid/esimedia_t58ukgmjkf95_theindependent?q=http%3A%2F%2Fgo.redirectingat.com%2F%3Fid%3D44681X1458326%26url%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Findependentnews.zendesk.com%252Fhc%252Fen-us%26sref%3D%2Fservice%2Fcontact-us-759589.html&p=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fservice%2Fcontact-us-759589.html&article_id=59589&author=&tag=user+policies§ion=&category=&sub_category=&updated_time=2024-05-29T13%3A51%3A42.000Z&utm_campaign=&utm_term=&utm_content=&utm_medium=&ref=&utm_source=direct&fbclid=&gclid=">Customer Services Helpdesk</a>. Please note, <strong>complaints about editorial material </strong>(ie articles, images and other journalistic content) should be made via the <a rel="nofollow" data-affiliate="true" target="_blank" href="https://clicks.trx-hub.com/xid/esimedia_t58ukgmjkf95_theindependent?q=http%3A%2F%2Fgo.redirectingat.com%2F%3Fid%3D44681X1458326%26url%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Findependentnews.zendesk.com%252Fhc%252Fen-us%252Frequests%252Fnew%26sref%3D%2Fservice%2Fcontact-us-759589.html&p=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fservice%2Fcontact-us-759589.html&article_id=59589&author=&tag=user+policies§ion=&category=&sub_category=&updated_time=2024-05-29T13%3A51%3A42.000Z&utm_campaign=&utm_term=&utm_content=&utm_medium=&ref=&utm_source=direct&fbclid=&gclid=">Complaint Form</a><strong>.</strong></p><p><strong>- – -</strong></p><p><strong>Subscriptions: </strong>For any query relating to subscriptions please visit our <a rel="nofollow" data-affiliate="true" target="_blank" href="https://clicks.trx-hub.com/xid/esimedia_t58ukgmjkf95_theindependent?q=http%3A%2F%2Fgo.redirectingat.com%2F%3Fid%3D44681X1458326%26url%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Findependentnews.zendesk.com%252Fhc%252Fen-us%26sref%3D%2Fservice%2Fcontact-us-759589.html&p=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fservice%2Fcontact-us-759589.html&article_id=59589&author=&tag=user+policies§ion=&category=&sub_category=&updated_time=2024-05-29T13%3A51%3A42.000Z&utm_campaign=&utm_term=&utm_content=&utm_medium=&ref=&utm_source=direct&fbclid=&gclid=">Customer Services Helpdesk</a></p><p><strong>Syndication </strong>(including all reprint requests)<strong>: </strong><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.independentadvertising.com/licensing-and-syndication">click HERE</a> or email <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="mailto:syndication@independent.co.uk">syndication@independent.co.uk</a></p><p><strong>Business directory: </strong>To update/remove your listing please email <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="mailto:customerservices@scoot.co.uk">customerservices@scoot.co.uk</a></p><p><strong>- - -</strong></p><p><strong>Advertising</strong></p><p>To find out more about advertising in <em>The Independent</em> please click here: <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.independentadvertising.com/">https://www.independentadvertising.com</a></p><p><strong>- – -</strong></p><p><strong>Commercial contacts</strong></p><p><strong>Chief Executive Officer: </strong>Christian Broughton</p><p><strong>Chief Digital Revenue Officer: </strong>Andrew Morley (020 3615 2783)</p><p><strong>Chief Data Officer: </strong>Jo Holdaway (020 3615 4484)</p><p><strong>Director, Syndication and Licensing Partnerships: </strong>Sophie Hanbury (020 3615 0894)</p><p><strong>Chief Operating Officer and President, North America: </strong>Zach Leonard</p><p><strong>- – -</strong></p><p><strong>Independent Digital News and Media Limited, Alphabeta Building, 14-18 Finsbury Square, London, EC2A 1AH, United Kingdom, 020 7005 2000</strong></p><p>Information about the ownership of Independent Digital News and Media Ltd is available at <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/07320345">Companies House</a>.</p><p><em>The Independent</em>’s editorial stance is free from commercial, party-political or proprietorial influence.</p></div><div id="piano-register-wall" data-reg-source-section="Service" class="sc-h57wdl-0 jImJId"></div><nav class="topics"><div class="sc-n08b2m-0 bfkmcy"><h3 class="sc-n08b2m-1 fczuIa">More about</h3><a href="/topic/user-policies" class="sc-n08b2m-2 IOUwh">user policies</a></div></nav></div></div></article></div><footer class="sc-139f79w-0 ekEKRT"><nav class="sc-139f79w-1 jVqJMl"><ul class="sc-139f79w-2 bCrdSy"><li class="sc-139f79w-3 bkxHPX"><a href="/" aria-label="Back to homepage"><svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 bNRJWU sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-139f79w-5 gEseDU"><use href="#f9cc7f5596803d67"></use></svg></a><a href="/" class="sc-139f79w-4 lhKokk">Get in touch</a><ul class="sc-2grh3o-0 fTWcIN"><li class="sc-2grh3o-1 hHcOvU"><a href="/service/contact-us-759589.html" class="sc-2grh3o-2 fQTmVo">Contact us</a></li></ul><ul class="sc-16d5z5s-0 hxkOQU"><li class="sc-16d5z5s-1 gQXtsb"><a class="sc-16d5z5s-2 iISDIx fb-link" rel="noopener" aria-label="Visit The Independent on Facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/TheIndependentOnline"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" id="b941eb1404da3df8" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.5 31.83q1.02.16 2.09.2h.84q1.06-.04 2.07-.2v-11.2h3.73l.7-4.62H18.5v-3c0-1.27.62-2.5 2.6-2.5h2.02V6.56s-1.83-.31-3.58-.31c-3.65 0-6.04 2.21-6.04 6.22V16H9.44v4.63h4.06z"></path></svg></a><a class="sc-16d5z5s-2 iISDIx x-link" rel="noopener" aria-label="Visit The Independent on Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/Independent"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" id="Layer_2-3f443091285db5b7" data-name="Layer 2" viewBox="0 0 23.95 23.97"><path d="M14.28 10.17 23.2 0h-2.11l-7.75 8.83L7.16 0H0l9.38 13.34L0 24h2.14l8.17-9.31L16.84 24H24Zm-2.89 3.29-1-1.33L2.9 1.57h3.24l6.09 8.53.95 1.32 7.91 11.08h-3.25Z"></path></svg></a></li></ul></li><li class="sc-139f79w-3 bkxHPX"><a href="/" class="sc-139f79w-4 lhKokk">Our Products</a><ul class="sc-2grh3o-0 fTWcIN"><li class="sc-2grh3o-1 hHcOvU"><a href="/subscribe?itm_channel=native&itm_campaign=footer&itm_audience=prospecting&itm_content=subscribe" class="sc-2grh3o-2 fQTmVo">Subscribe</a></li><li class="sc-2grh3o-1 hHcOvU"><a href="/register?itm_channel=native&itm_campaign=footer&itm_content=register" class="sc-2grh3o-2 fQTmVo">Register</a></li><li class="sc-2grh3o-1 hHcOvU"><a href="/newsletters?itm_channel=native&itm_campaign=footer&itm_audience=prospecting&itm_content=newsletters" class="sc-2grh3o-2 fQTmVo">Newsletters</a></li><li class="sc-2grh3o-1 hHcOvU"><a rel="noopener" href="https://edition.independent.co.uk/" class="sc-2grh3o-2 fQTmVo">Today’s Edition</a></li><li class="sc-2grh3o-1 hHcOvU"><a href="/subscribe/app?itm_channel=native&itm_campaign=app_selling_page&itm_audience=prospecting&itm_content=footer" class="sc-2grh3o-2 fQTmVo">Install our app</a></li><li class="sc-2grh3o-1 hHcOvU"><a href="/archive" class="sc-2grh3o-2 fQTmVo">Archive</a></li></ul></li><li class="sc-139f79w-3 bkxHPX"><a href="/" class="sc-139f79w-4 lhKokk">Other publications</a><ul class="sc-2grh3o-0 fTWcIN"><li class="sc-2grh3o-1 hHcOvU"><a href="/news/world/journalism-license-srmg-middle-east-news-world-global-a9579111.html" class="sc-2grh3o-2 fQTmVo">International editions</a></li><li class="sc-2grh3o-1 hHcOvU"><a rel="noopener" href="https://www.independentespanol.com/" class="sc-2grh3o-2 fQTmVo">Independent en Español</a></li><li class="sc-2grh3o-1 hHcOvU"><a rel="noopener" href="https://www.independentarabia.com/" class="sc-2grh3o-2 fQTmVo">Independent Arabia</a></li><li class="sc-2grh3o-1 hHcOvU"><a rel="noopener" href="https://www.indyturk.com/" class="sc-2grh3o-2 fQTmVo">Independent Turkish</a></li><li class="sc-2grh3o-1 hHcOvU"><a rel="noopener" href="https://www.independentpersian.com/" class="sc-2grh3o-2 fQTmVo">Independent Persian</a></li><li class="sc-2grh3o-1 hHcOvU"><a rel="noopener" href="https://www.independenturdu.com/" class="sc-2grh3o-2 fQTmVo">Independent Urdu</a></li><li class="sc-2grh3o-1 hHcOvU"><a rel="noopener" href="https://www.standard.co.uk/" class="sc-2grh3o-2 fQTmVo">The Standard</a></li></ul></li><li class="sc-139f79w-3 bkxHPX"><a href="/" class="sc-139f79w-4 lhKokk">Extras</a><ul class="sc-2grh3o-0 fTWcIN"><li class="sc-2grh3o-1 hHcOvU"><a rel="noopener" href="https://puzzles.independent.co.uk/" class="sc-2grh3o-2 fQTmVo">Puzzles</a></li><li class="sc-2grh3o-1 hHcOvU"><a href="/topics-list" class="sc-2grh3o-2 fQTmVo">All topics</a></li><li class="sc-2grh3o-1 hHcOvU"><a href="/sport/free-bets-b2581138.html" class="sc-2grh3o-2 fQTmVo">Betting Offers</a></li><li class="sc-2grh3o-1 hHcOvU"><a href="/vouchercodes" class="sc-2grh3o-2 fQTmVo">Voucher codes</a></li><li class="sc-2grh3o-1 hHcOvU"><a href="/competitions" class="sc-2grh3o-2 fQTmVo">Competitions and offers</a></li><li class="sc-2grh3o-1 hHcOvU"><a rel="noopener" href="https://www.independentadvertising.com/" class="sc-2grh3o-2 fQTmVo">Independent Advertising</a></li><li class="sc-2grh3o-1 hHcOvU"><a href="/ignite" class="sc-2grh3o-2 fQTmVo">Independent Ignite</a></li><li class="sc-2grh3o-1 hHcOvU"><a rel="noopener" href="https://www.independentadvertising.com/licensing-and-syndication/" class="sc-2grh3o-2 fQTmVo">Syndication</a></li><li class="sc-2grh3o-1 hHcOvU"><a rel="noopener" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/the-independent/jobs/" class="sc-2grh3o-2 fQTmVo">Working at The Independent</a></li></ul></li><li class="sc-139f79w-3 bkxHPX"><a href="/" class="sc-139f79w-4 lhKokk">Legal</a><ul class="sc-2grh3o-0 fTWcIN"><li class="sc-2grh3o-1 hHcOvU"><a href="/service/code-of-conduct-a6184241.html" class="sc-2grh3o-2 fQTmVo">Code of conduct and complaints</a></li><li class="sc-2grh3o-1 hHcOvU"><a href="/service/external-contributors-policy-7905982.html" class="sc-2grh3o-2 fQTmVo">Contributors</a></li><li class="sc-2grh3o-1 hHcOvU"><a href="/service/cookie-policy-a6184186.html" class="sc-2grh3o-2 fQTmVo">Cookie policy</a></li><li class="sc-2grh3o-1 hHcOvU"><a href="/service/privacy-notice-a6184181.html" class="sc-2grh3o-2 fQTmVo">Privacy policy</a></li><li class="sc-2grh3o-1 hHcOvU"><a href="/service/user-policies-a6184151.html" class="sc-2grh3o-2 fQTmVo">User policies</a></li><li class="sc-2grh3o-1 hHcOvU"><a rel="noopener" href="https://static.independent.co.uk/static-assets/IND-Modern-Slavery-Statement-22-23.pdf" class="sc-2grh3o-2 fQTmVo">Modern Slavery Statement</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></footer><div id="footerPrompt" class="sc-7lnyz3-0 kCchwH"></div><div id="success-hint" class="sc-b47m3v-0 cHCcTy hide"><div class="sc-govabo-0 kGIWEd"><div class="sc-1h87vhk-0 fbZuLl"><svg class="sc-eaj12q-0 kCQCwg sc-culv3z-0 jIhHch sc-1voidh4-0 jtyNhT"><use href="#d19337775de06d7c"></use></svg><div class="sc-1d79dbf-0 cJdxNd"><h3 class="sc-erjdy9-0 eSnFOp">Thank you for registering</h3><p class="sc-1ty8yds-2 JvJbQ"><span class="sc-1ty8yds-0 hpRJZj">Please refresh the page or navigate to another page on the site to be automatically logged in</span><span class="sc-1ty8yds-1 kQFByK">Please refresh your browser to be logged in</span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div class="hydrate-root" data-component="DrawerMenu"></div><script type="application/json">{"andMoreText":"& more","changeText":"Change","closeText":"Close","tempLinks":[{"title":"Black Friday","id":"3hwrhnxc","path":"/extras/indybest/black-friday"},{"title":"US election","id":"hkej1lsr","path":"/topic/us-election-2024"}],"serverEnv":"prod","replaceSubscribeWithSupport":true,"supportButtonCopy":"Support Now","addSupportContentToDrawer":false,"isUSSubscriberOrigin":false,"isActiveRecurringDonator":false,"originalUrl":"/service/contact-us-759589.html","newEditions":true,"domain":"independent.co.uk","locale":"UK","menuData":[["News","/",[["UK","/news/uk"],["US","/us"],["World","/news/world"],["UK Politics","/news/uk/politics"],["Brexit","/topic/brexit"],["Health","/news/health"],["Business","/news/business"],["Money","/money"],["Science","/news/science"],["Space","/space"],["News Videos","/tv/news"]]],["Sport","/sport",[["Football","football"],["Paris 2024 Olympics","olympics"],["Formula 1","/f1"],["Rugby Union","rugby/rugby-union"],["Cricket","cricket"],["Tennis","tennis"],["Boxing","boxing"],["UFC","ufc"],["Cycling","cycling"],["Golf","golf"],["Sport Videos","/tv/sport"]]],["Voices","/voices",[["Editorials","editorials"],["Letters","letters"],["John Rentoul","/author/john-rentoul"],["Mary Dejevsky","/author/mary-dejevsky"],["Andrew Grice","/author/andrew-grice"],["Sean O’Grady","/author/sean-ogrady"]]],["Culture","/arts-entertainment",[["Film","films"],["TV & Radio","tv"],["Music","music"],["Games","/games"],["Books","books"],["Art","art"],["Photography","photography"],["Theatre & Dance","theatre-dance"],["Culture Videos","/tv/culture"]]],["Lifestyle","/life-style",[["Shopping","/extras/indybest"],["Beauty","/beauty"],["Fitness & Wellbeing","/health-and-fitness"],["Tech","/tech"],["Food & Drink","food-and-drink"],["Fashion","fashion"],["Love & Sex","love-sex"],["Women","women"],["Health & Families","health-and-families"],["Royal Family","royal-family"],["Motoring","motoring"],["Electric Vehicles","/cars/electric-vehicles"],["Car Insurance Deals","/advisor/car-insurance"],["Lifestyle Videos","/tv/lifestyle"]]],["IndyBest","/extras/indybest",[["Home & Garden","house-garden"],["Tech","gadgets-tech"],["Broadband deals","/advisor/broadband"],["Fashion & Beauty","fashion-beauty"],["Deals","deals"],["Food & Drink","food-drink"],["Kids","kids"],["Books","books"],["Travel & Outdoors","travel-outdoors"],["Sports & Fitness","outdoor-activity"]]],["Travel","/travel",[["Hotel Reviews","hotels"],["News & Advice","news-and-advice"],["Simon Calder","/author/simon-calder"],["Cruises","cruise"],["UK","uk"],["Europe","europe"],["USA","north-america/usa"],["Asia","asia"],["Australia & New Zealand","australasia"],["South America","south-america"],["C. America & Caribbean","central-america-caribbean"],["Middle East","middle-east"]]],["Premium","/independentpremium",[["Politics Explained","politics-explained"],["Editorials","/voices/editorials"],["Voices","voices"],["Long Reads","long-reads"],["News Analysis","news-analysis"],["Today’s Edition","https://edition.independent.co.uk/"]]],["Climate","/climate-change",[["News","news"],["Climate 100","climate-100"],["Electric Vehicles","/life-style/motoring/electric-vehicles"],["Voices","opinion"],["Sustainable Living","sustainable-living"],["Explained","infact"],["Climate Videos","/tv/climate"],["Solar Panels","/advisor/solar-panels/best-solar-panels"],["SGI","sgi"]]],["TV","/tv/editors-picks",[["Behind The Headlines","/tv/behind-the-headlines"],["On The Ground","/tv/on-the-ground"],["Decomplicated","/tv/decomplicated"],["You Ask The Questions","/tv/you-ask-the-questions"],["Binge Watch","/tv/binge-or-bin"],["Music Box","/tv/music-box"],["Love Lives","/tv/millennial-love"],["Travel Smart","/tv/travel-smart"],["Watch on your TV","/tech/independent-tv-download-smart-tv-how-b2287476.html"]]],["Other","/other",[["Today’s Edition","https://edition.independent.co.uk/"],["Crosswords & Puzzles","https://puzzles.independent.co.uk/?utm_campaign=navbar&utm_medium=nav&utm_source=navpuzzles"],["Most Commented","/comments"],["Newsletters","/newsletters?itm_channel=native&itm_campaign=burger_nav&itm_audience=prospecting&itm_content=newsletters"],["Ask Me Anything","/ask-me-anything"],["Virtual Events","/virtual-events"],["Wine Offers","/topic/perfect-cellar"],["Vouchers","/vouchercodes"],["Indy100","https://www.indy100.com/"],["Betting Sites","/sport/betting-sites-b2584371.html"],["Casino Sites","/games/online-casinos-b2599494.html"]]]]}</script><div class="hydrate-root" data-component="LoginDrawer"><button id="loginButton" class="sc-1jxec6t-2 ibQlqG"></button></div><script type="application/json">{"originalUrl":"/service/contact-us-759589.html","enabledSubs":{"premium":false,"adFree":false,"donations":false}}</script><svg class="__INDY_UI_SYMBOLS__" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" hidden=""><symbol id="d5d9764c65d2cfa2" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentColor" d="m7.42 8.31 4.59 4.58 4.59-4.58 1.41 1.41-6 6-6-6z"></path></symbol><symbol id="363d20b20cc0845f" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentColor" d="m8.3 16.61 4.58-4.59L8.3 7.43l1.41-1.41 6 6-6 6z"></path></symbol><symbol id="7a455166757b1edf" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M12 0a12 12 0 1 0 0 24 12 12 0 0 0 0-24m0 3.6a3.6 3.6 0 1 1 0 7.2 3.6 3.6 0 0 1-3.6-3.6c0-2 1.6-3.6 3.6-3.6m0 17.04a8.6 8.6 0 0 1-7.2-3.86c.04-2.4 4.8-3.7 7.2-3.7 2.39 0 7.16 1.3 7.2 3.7a8.6 8.6 0 0 1-7.2 3.86"></path></symbol><symbol id="f9cc7f5596803d67" viewBox="0 0 991.4 991.4"><path fill="#fff" d="M782.4 689.2c-9.8-5.5-6.8-3.7-54-31.7 0 0-36 6.9-82.7 17a16 16 0 0 1 2 .8 15 15 0 0 1 2 1.5 15 15 0 0 1 2 1.8 15 15 0 0 1 2.5 4.4 15 15 0 0 1 .5 2.3l.2 1v1a7 7 0 0 1-.2 1.9 4 4 0 0 1-.3 1.2l-.4 1h-1.2a8 8 0 0 1-.3-1 10 10 0 0 0-.3-1.2l-.5-1.3a14 14 0 0 0-.7-1.5l-.8-1.6-1-1.6-1.1-1.6c-.3-.6-.9-1-1.4-1.4l-1.4-1.3c-.5-.5-.9-.8-1.4-1a15 15 0 0 0-1.4-1 11 11 0 0 0-1.2-.7 10 10 0 0 0-1-.5l-10 2.2a5 5 0 0 1 .9.2 18 18 0 0 1 2.1 1 12 12 0 0 1 2.1 1.4 15 15 0 0 1 1.9 1.8 17 17 0 0 1 1.5 2.2 15 15 0 0 1 1 2.2 18 18 0 0 1 .5 2.3v2a8 8 0 0 1 0 1.8 5 5 0 0 1-.4 1.3 11 11 0 0 1-.4 1h-1.1l-.4-1a8 8 0 0 0-.3-1.2l-.5-1.3-.7-1.5-.8-1.6a19 19 0 0 0-1-1.6l-1.1-1.6c-.3-.6-.9-1-1.3-1.4l-1.4-1.3c-.4-.5-1-.7-1.5-1a17 17 0 0 0-1.3-1l-1.3-.7a9 9 0 0 0-1-.5l-.7-.4-26.6-22.6 1-6.8-2.8-15.8 2.7-6.8v-22.6l-29 25.9-.8-.8 85.1-100.1-.7-1.8-24.9-4.4.1-1.2h44.6c4.6 5.8 14.5 7.4 21.7 5.4l.3-1-9-14.4 3.7-2.5c3.6-2.1 6.8-1.2 10.3 3.9 3.3 4.8 4.9 11 1 14.8l.7 1a22.8 22.8 0 0 0 14.8-8.4c5-6.6 4.2-16.7-2-24-5.3-6-14.8-15.5-14.8-15.5 1-11.4-5-21.3-16-25.8-24-9.6-42.3-16.5-42.3-16.5l-57.9-.1-.2-1.3 57.6-6.8 17.3-15.2 65.4-26.1a15.4 15.4 0 0 0 9-9.5c8.5-23.3 34.6-93.1 34.6-93.1L848.7 178l-.6-1-53 37.8-.7-.8 22.5-45-1-.6-34.7 49.8-1-.4 4-49.7-1.2-.3-12.6 50.6h-1.2l-20.4-50.7-1.2.4 15 60.4-1.8 28.4-1.1.1-3.3-25-35.7-60.7-1 .6 28.7 64.2 2.2 47.3h-1.2l-6.2-44.1-46.8-59.3-.9.7 40.4 62 2.6 65-1.1.1-8.2-61.5-52-54.4-.9.8 44.2 57.7 5.2 74.8h-1.2l-11.9-71-54-46.3-.8.9 46.7 50.5 8 78-1.2.3-15.8-73.5-54.7-37.3-.7 1 46.8 41.4 12.7 77.2-1.2.3-20.3-72.1-52-28.5-.7 1 44.6 32.6 14.6 74.8-1.1.3-23.3-68.6-48.9-18.6-.5 1.2 41 23.3 17 68.3-1.1.4-25.9-61.3-46.3-8.4-.3 1.2 38.3 13.7 19.7 59.6-1 .5-29.6-50.8-38.9-3.2-.2 1.2 30.5 10 23 48.2-1 .7-32-38.8-35.2 2.1-.1 1.2 28 5.2 25.5 37.5-.8.8-33.3-27.5-37.6 8.4.2 1.3h30.8l28.3 26.7-.6 1-34.3-16-39.3 6v1.3l35 1.4 29.7 18.8-.4 1.1-32.7-11.2-52.8 10 .1 1.2 49.5-1.1 30.2 13.9-.4 1-31.6-7.4-79.7 13.4v1.1l62.5 4.8.2 1.1-50.1 9v1.1l34.2 2v1.2L490.2 453h.2-.2l16.7 21.8-1 1-38-32.3-98.2-136.2-89.3-45.8-70.9-63.8L188 139l-1.2.3 7.8 66.3 34.4 55.2-1 .8-50-41.5-23.8-46-1.3.3 8.4 54 24.4 44.3-.8.7-39.8-32.4-20.6-30.9-1.2.5 9.6 41.8 25.4 37.4-.8.8-39.5-22.7-17.4-22-1.2.6 11.3 32.5 18.3 23-.6.8-18.2-3.5-.5 1.2 38.8 36.4-.4 1.1-33.7-2-.3 1.7 48.2 29.8-.2 1.1-22.4 1.8-.1 1.2 55.8 21.3v1l-21.8 7.6.2 1.3 134.7 9.9v1l-75 .6-1.5 15.4 94-1.5v1.2l-67.3 7.2-3 18.3 91.5-12.6.3 1.1-71.4 16.4L275 481l94-25.8.4 1.2-77.5 30.3.4 19.3 95-39.5.4 1-76.6 41.3 2.6 19.8 93-47.3.6 1-76 48.2 4.3 16.8 89.7-49.3.6 1-69.6 46.5 6.7 17.9 74-44.2.7 1-48.6 36 8.5 17 36-22 .6.8-13.5 11.7 6.7 13.5 8-2.9 11.3-4 6.2-2.3c1-.3 2-.9 3-1.3s2-1 3-1.6a42 42 0 0 0 5.4-4l1.3-1 1.1-1.2a29 29 0 0 0 2.2-2.4c.8-.7 1.4-1.6 2-2.4l1.8-2.4c.6-.8 1-1.7 1.4-2.5l1.3-2.4a42 42 0 0 0 1.7-4.3c.5-1.3.8-2.5 1-3.5l.6-2.3.2-.8 1.2.2v.8l-.4 2.4c-.1 1-.4 2.3-.9 3.7a45 45 0 0 1-1.4 4.7l-1.1 2.6-1.3 2.7c-.4 1-1.1 1.8-1.7 2.8l-1.9 2.8-2.1 2.7-1.2 1.3-1.3 1.2a46 46 0 0 1-5.6 4.8l-3 2-3.3 1.8a4341 4341 0 0 1-17.4 7.6L334 618.7 266.2 725l4 2.7 75.6-87.8 1 .7-45 66.2 27.6-4.3L371 641l1 .6-30.3 59.6 26-1.7 28.1-57.6 1.2.5-19.1 56.5 26.3-1.8 16.4-54.1 1.3.2-9.2 53 26.8-5.2 5.8-48.7h1.3v46.3l19.9-11.2-3-35 1.2-.2 7 32 7.1 4 5.3 14.4 7.8 2.7 15.8 12.8 6 4.8-.1.3-.4.7-10.3-4.5a3612 3612 0 0 0-114.5 33.4h.2l38.7 22.2 19 11 8.8 5 2.1 1.2 1 .5.5.3.3.1v.1l.3.2a22 22 0 0 1 3.6 2.9 16.3 16.3 0 0 1 4.3 7 16 16 0 0 1 .4 6.3 17 17 0 0 1-1 3.8l-.5 1.3-1.3-.5.4-1.3a16 16 0 0 0 .5-3.5 13 13 0 0 0-.7-5.4 14 14 0 0 0-4-5.6 17 17 0 0 0-3.4-2.3l-.3-.2-.6-.2-1-.4-2.2-1c-3-1.3-6-2.7-9.3-4l-20.1-9-12.9-5.6-29.7 9.5c-12.7 4-11.9 21 .1 25.4a2016 2016 0 0 0 54.1 19.8 47 47 0 0 0 39.6-2.6l47.5-21.6c33.7-17.9 81.2-56.1 81.2-56.1l.8.8-37 35.3c25.1-11.3 49.5-21.9 65.7-28.4a443 443 0 0 0 55.1-33.2l.8.8-25.4 23c28.8-5.5 76.1-10 101.7-10 34 .1 34.7-29.2 16.7-39.2m-86.1-202c4.5 4.4 9.2 8.6 13.8 13a19 19 0 0 1 1.4 1.9 10 10 0 0 1 .7 1l.5 1a15 15 0 0 1 .9 2.1 12 12 0 0 1 .4 2.2 11 11 0 0 1 .2 2.3 8 8 0 0 1 0 1.1c0 .4-.2.8-.3 1.1a13 13 0 0 1-.7 2.2c0 .3-.3.7-.5 1l-.5.9-1-.6.4-1a6 6 0 0 0 .4-.9 12 12 0 0 0 .4-1.9 8 8 0 0 0 0-1v-1a10 10 0 0 0-.3-1.9 10 10 0 0 0-.7-1.8 11 11 0 0 0-.9-1.7 7 7 0 0 0-.5-.8 9 9 0 0 0-.6-.8 15 15 0 0 0-1.3-1.3c-5-3.7-10-7.6-15.2-11.3zM669 475a6 6 0 0 1 1-2.6l.3-.4a3 3 0 0 1 .5-.6l.9-.7a6 6 0 0 1 1.2-.7l.3-.2 1.4-.2h.3l.8 1.5-.2.2a9 9 0 0 1-1 .9 1 1 0 0 1-.1.3l-.3.5-.3.5a1 1 0 0 1 0 .3l-.2.4a1 1 0 0 0 0 .3v.3a2 2 0 0 0 0 .5v.2a2 2 0 0 0 0 .6 2 2 0 0 0 .2.7v.2l.4.5a1 1 0 0 0 .2.4.7.7 0 0 1 .3.3 2 2 0 0 1 .5.4h.2l.4.3a4 4 0 0 0 1.3.3 4 4 0 0 0 1.3-.2l.6-.2.2-.1.4-.3a2 2 0 0 0 .5-.4l.3-.3a1 1 0 0 0 .2-.3l.1-.3a2 2 0 0 0 .3-.3l.2-.6a3 3 0 0 0 .2-.7v-.4a7 7 0 0 1 0-1v-.3l1.4-.6.2.3a9 9 0 0 1 .7 1.2l.2.4a6 6 0 0 1 .3 1.3v1a4 4 0 0 1-.2 1v.3a6.5 6.5 0 0 1-1.2 2.6 7 7 0 0 1-2.4 2l-.2.3-.4.1-.2.1-.8.3a6 6 0 0 1-1.7.3h-.6a9 9 0 0 1-3.2-.7l-.4-.2a7 7 0 0 1-1.2-.8 5 5 0 0 1-.7-.6 5 5 0 0 1-.7-.7 6 6 0 0 1-1-1.6l-.4-.9v-.3l-.1-.3v-.3a7 7 0 0 1-.2-1.5 5 5 0 0 1 .4-1.5m-1.7 33a9 9 0 0 1 1.3-2.6 8 8 0 0 1 .8-1l.4-.3.2-.2h.2l.2-.3a11 11 0 0 1 2.6-1.2 7 7 0 0 1 3.9-.2 5 5 0 0 1 1.2.3l1 .4a10 10 0 0 1 .8.6 9 9 0 0 1 .8.6l.6.7.5.6.2.5.4 1-.9.8a10 10 0 0 1-.9-.6l-.4-.2-.5-.2a6 6 0 0 0-1.1-.3 4 4 0 0 0-1-.2h-.4a2 2 0 0 0-.7 0h-.8a7 7 0 0 0-1.4.5 6 6 0 0 0-1.3.6l-.2.2-.4.4a2 2 0 0 0-.5.5 8 8 0 0 0-.9 1.1c-.1.2-.1.5-.3.7a2 2 0 0 0-.2.7 8 8 0 0 0-.4 1.3 6 6 0 0 0 0 1.3v.5l.1.5a7 7 0 0 1 .2 1l-.7.5a9 9 0 0 1-.9-.7l-.4-.5-.4-.6-.4-.7a7 7 0 0 1-.3-.9l-.3-1v-1.1a9 9 0 0 1 .3-2.5M221 223.1l1.5-1 39.9 53.1 65.5 31.4-.9 1.8-70.4-27.1zm-64 44.3 1.3-1.4 42.7 40.2 86.6 28-.6 1.8-91.6-23.3zm-22 23.3 1.2-1.2 46 37.4 102.4 28-.5 2-106.4-23zm8.2 55.4.6-1.8 141.7 29.2-.4 2-105-16zm151.3 49.3-74.6-6.8-37.7-11 .5-1.9 112 17.8zm3-77L222 293.3l-31.3-43.1 1.3-1.1 36.3 38.6 70.1 29zm9.6 27.1-1.3-.6.1-16.3 1.6-.2 1.8 9.8 33.3-17 .8 1.4zm4.6 25.3.2-16.3 1.6-.2 1.8 9.8 44-23.3.7 1.3-47 29.3zm14 23.2-1.4-.8.3-16.3 1.5-.2 1.8 9.9 46.5-25.2.8 1.3zm18.5 19-1.4-.6.2-16.4 1.6-.1 1.8 9.9 45.5-23.8.8 1.3zm23.2 16.5-1.2-.7.2-16.2 1.6-.3 1.8 9.9 40-20.9 1 1.3zm25 15.8-1.2-.6.3-16 1.4-.3 1.9 9.7 33.2-17 .8 1.3zm24.6 15.1-1.3-.6.3-15.6h1.5l1.8 9L443 442l.8 1.3zm20.2 15.2-1.1-.7.6-13h1.4l1.5 6.8 16.9-7.4.7 1.2zm15.3 16.4-1.2-.8 1.4-11.9 1.5.2.6 5.8 20.6-9.1.8 1.3zm12.3 37-1.1-.8 1.6-9.4h1.4l.3 3.6 9.8-4 .8 1.3zm-3.9-19.7-1.2-.8 1.5-9.4h1.5l.5 3.7 14.5-7 .8 1.2zm-56 111.1-.8-.7 2.3-4.3-4.4-1.9.2-1.1h11.4l.3 1zm32 0-.8-.7 2.3-4.3-4.4-1.9.2-1.1h11.4l.4 1zm8.4 186-11.5-4-11.5-3.8-23-7.3-.2-.1a3 3 0 0 1-2-3.9 3 3 0 0 1 2-2l23.7-6.5.4 1-15.6 8.2 16 7.1c3.8 1.6 7.4 3.4 11 5l11 5.2zm121.5-201.2-1-.6 2.1-5.9-6-1.5v-1l14-2.4.5 1zm-24.4-34.8v-1l21-7 .7.8-12.4 18.5-1-.4 1.9-10zm-9 43.2v-1.1l11.2-2 .5 1-7.7 8.4-1-.5 1.6-4.6zm.9-77.2-.1-1.1 21.3-6.2.7.9-13.1 18-1-.5 2.2-9.9zm55.2 42.7-1-.6 2-5.8-6-1.5V570l14-2.3.5 1zm17.2-54.3 2.5-5.7-5.9-2 .2-1 14.1-1.3.5 1-10.5 9.7zm18.5-62.3h11.4l.3 1-9 7-.8-.7 2.3-4.3-4.4-2zm-5.7 83.2-7.8 8.3-1-.5 1.6-4.6-4.6-1.2v-1.1l11.2-1.9zm-.7-62.2-14 10.9-.8-.7 3.8-7-7.3-3.2.2-1.1h17.8zm-26.1-28h14.2l.3 1-11.2 8.7-.8-.7 3-5.5-5.8-2.4zm-1.5 80.7L580 549.9l-1-.5 2.2-7.6-7.8-1.5V539l17.4-3.8zm-1.5-34.3.5.9-14 16.1-1-.5 3-9.2-9.5-2V506zm-7.6-25.7-14 10.8-1-.7 4-7-7.4-3.1.3-1.1h17.8zm-26.8-20.7h11.4l.3 1-9 7-.8-.7 2.3-4.3-4.5-2zm-5.1 41.7.5 1-15.4 16-1-.6 3.5-9.5-9.8-2.6v-1.1zm-35.2 93V589l17.5-3.6.5 1-11.5 13.5-1-.5 2.3-7.7zm8-119.6h17.7l.4 1-14 10.9-.9-.8 3.8-7-7.3-3zm-1 86.8-10.7 14.2-1-.5 1.8-7.8-7.8-1V561l17-4.7zm-5.4-28.5-11 13-1-.6 2.1-7.3-7.4-1.5v-1.1l16.7-3.5zm-20-25.5 14-2.3.5 1-9.6 10.4-1-.6 2-5.8-6-1.5zm-36.7 98.4-.9-.7 2.4-4.3-4.5-2 .3-1h11.4l.3 1zm9.3 25.1-.8-.7 2.3-4.2-4.4-2 .2-1h11.4l.3 1zm13-42-1-.7 3-5.6-5.9-2.2.2-1.2 14.2-.4.4 1zm8.8 23.8-.9-.7 3-5.5-5.7-2.4.3-1.1h14.2l.3 1zm13.8 20.4-.9-.7 2.4-4.3-4.5-2 .3-1h11.4l.3 1zM456 747l-3.9 1.3-3 .9-2.8.8-4 1.2-.6-1.7.3-.2 3.5-1.4 4.2-1.7 1-.4 4.3-1.7a586 586 0 0 1 11.9-4.5l1.5-.5 3-1.1c4-1.4 8.2-3 12.5-4.4a942 942 0 0 1 15.7-5l2.1-.7 5-1.5 6.6-1.7 8-2 1.8-.5 3.8-.8h.3l.6 1.7-.4.1-3.6 1.4-2.5.9-7 2.4-6.4 2.1-1.5.5-5.7 2c-5 1.7-10.2 3.4-15.5 5l-4 1.4-11.5 3.8-5.5 1.7zm122-22.5-3.9 1.3-9.3 3.3-2.1.7-6.7 2.3c-3.2 1-6.5 2.3-9.7 3.4L525 743l-13.7 5-7.5 2.7c-2.3 1-4.5 1.7-6.7 2.5l-3 1-6.2 2.3-2.6 1a650 650 0 0 1-9.4 3.3l-3.7 1.4-5 1.7-.4.1-.7-1.7.4-.2 4.9-2 3.6-1.6 9.2-3.9 1.8-.7 6.8-2.8 3.1-1.2 6.6-2.6 7.5-2.9c4.5-1.6 9-3.4 13.7-5l21.4-7.4 5-1.7 4.8-1.5 9-2.7 9.3-2.7 4-1.2 5.5-1.6.6 1.8zm-49-22 .1-1.2a11 11 0 0 1 1.2-.2 5 5 0 0 1 1.3 0 6 6 0 0 1 1.7 0h.4l.6.2a10 10 0 0 1 1 .3 16 16 0 0 1 2.2.8 14 14 0 0 1 2.1 1.4 15 15 0 0 1 2 1.8l.5.7a9 9 0 0 1 1 1.4 16 16 0 0 1 1 2.3 13 13 0 0 1 .6 2.3l.2 1v1a8 8 0 0 1-.2 1.8 5 5 0 0 1-.2 1.3l-.4 1h-1.2l-.3-1a6 6 0 0 0-.4-1.1 12 12 0 0 0-.5-1.4 11 11 0 0 0-.7-1.5 15 15 0 0 0-.9-1.6l-1-1.5-1.2-1.5-1-1a2 2 0 0 0-.3-.4l-1.4-1.3c-.4-.4-1-.8-1.5-1a16 16 0 0 0-1.4-.9l-1.3-.7-1-.5zm34.7-9 .4.1a16 16 0 0 1 2.2.9 12 12 0 0 1 2.1 1.4 15 15 0 0 1 2 1.7 12 12 0 0 1 1.5 2.2 15 15 0 0 1 1 2.2 15 15 0 0 1 .6 2.3l.2 1v1a10 10 0 0 1-.1 1.8 5 5 0 0 1-.3 1.3l-.4 1h-1.1a11 11 0 0 1-.4-1c0-.4-.2-.8-.4-1.2l-.5-1.3a14 14 0 0 0-.7-1.5 16 16 0 0 0-.9-1.6l-1-1.5-1.1-1.6c-.4-.6-.9-1-1.4-1.4L564 698a18 18 0 0 0-1.4-1 17 17 0 0 0-2.7-1.6 10 10 0 0 0-1-.6l-.4-.1-8.6 2.1-1.2.3 1 .3a18 18 0 0 1 2.2 1 13 13 0 0 1 2 1.3 13 13 0 0 1 2 1.8 15 15 0 0 1 1.5 2.1 14 14 0 0 1 1.1 2.3 18 18 0 0 1 .6 2.3l.2 1v1a10 10 0 0 1-.1 1.7 8 8 0 0 1-.3 1.3 7 7 0 0 1-.4 1h-1.2l-.3-1a9 9 0 0 0-.4-1.1l-.5-1.3-.7-1.6-.8-1.5-1-1.6c-.3-.6-.9-1-1.2-1.5a16 16 0 0 0-1.4-1.4l-1.4-1.3c-.4-.5-1-.7-1.4-1l-1.4-.9-1.3-.7-1-.5-.9-.4-15.4-17.8-7.6-42.6 1.5-.7 29.4 35.8 10.2-.2 26.2 14.6zm46.6-11.1.1-1 1.2-.1a6 6 0 0 1 1.3 0 11 11 0 0 1 1.7 0h.1l.9.2 1 .3a12 12 0 0 1 4.2 2.4 10 10 0 0 1 1.5 1.4l.4.4a14 14 0 0 1 1.5 2.1 17 17 0 0 1 1 2.3 14 14 0 0 1 .5 2.3l.1 1v1a7 7 0 0 1-.1 1.8 6 6 0 0 1-.3 1.3l-.5 1h-1l-.4-1a8 8 0 0 0-.4-1.2l-.5-1.3-.6-1.5-.9-1.6-1-1.6a18 18 0 0 0-1.1-1.6l-1.3-1.4a4 4 0 0 0-.7-.6 11 11 0 0 1-.7-.7l-1.4-1-1.4-1-1.3-.7-1-.5-1-.5zm36.6 23.6-1.8.6-1.4.4-3.4 1a259 259 0 0 1-14.5 3.5l-1.4.3a346 346 0 0 1-13.7 3l-3.6.5-1.4.2-1.9.3h-.3l-.4-1.8.3-.1 1.8-.6 1-.4 3.8-1.2c4.4-1.4 9.8-2.9 14.6-4l8-1.6 7-1.2 3.6-.4 1.4-.2 2-.2h.3l.3 1.8zm17-16.9h-.3l-.4-1.8h.3l2.4-.7a417 417 0 0 1 6.2-1.6 444 444 0 0 1 18.9-4h.2l10-1.8 8.3-1.2h.6l4.8-.6 1.5-.2 2.4-.2h.4l.3 1.8h-.4l-2.3.7-1.7.4-4.5 1-4.8 1-4 .9-8.5 1.7-1.6.3a450 450 0 0 1-23.7 3.8l-1.7.2-2.4.4zm78 2.3-3.2.5-5.5 1a457 457 0 0 1-12.3 2l-7 1-1.4.2-5.7.9-5.5.7-8.6 1.3-4.9.7-1.6.2-5.8.8-6 .8-2.7.3-3.7.4-.3-1.8 3.6-.8 2.5-.6 6.1-1.2 3.2-.7 2.6-.5 2.6-.5 3.8-.7c2.1-.4 4.5-.9 7-1.2l7.1-1.1 7.2-1 7-1 8.2-.8 4.1-.5 7.8-.6 1-.1 3.4-.2h.3l.2 1.8z"></path></symbol><symbol id="0a0df087e37b7de2" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 3h16v2H0zm0 4h16v2H0zm0 4h16v2H0z"></path></symbol><symbol id="6b081fe6f5d2d48e" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="12" fill="#fff"></circle><path fill="#353533" d="M17.9 15.8c-.2-.1-.2-.1-1.2-.7 0 0-.8.2-1.8.4 0 0 0 .1.1.1v.1h-.2v.1l-.6-.5v-.2l-.1-.4.1-.2V14l-.6.6 1.9-2.2-.6-.1h1c.1.1.3.2.5.1l-.2-.3.1-.1c.1 0 .2 0 .2.1q.15.15 0 .3c.1 0 .2-.1.3-.2s.1-.4 0-.5l-.3-.3c0-.3-.1-.5-.4-.6-.5-.2-.9-.4-.9-.4h-1.3l1.3-.2.4-.3 1.5-.6s.1 0 .1-.1l.1-.1.8-2.1 1.8-2.4-1.2.8.5-1-.8 1.1.1-1.1-.3 1.1-.5-1.1.3 1.3v.6l-.1-.6-.8-1.3.6 1.4v1l-.1-1-1-1.3.9 1.4.1 1.4-.9-1.3-1.2-1.2 1 1.3.1 1.7-.3-1.6-1.2-1 1 1.1.2 1.7-.4-1.6-1.2-.8 1 .9.3 1.7-.5-1.6-1.1-.6 1 .7.3 1.7-.5-1.5-1.1-.4.9.5.4 1.5-.6-1.4-1-.2.8.3.4 1.4-.7-1.1-.9-.1.7.2.5 1.1-.7-.9h-.8l.6.1.6.8-.7-.6-.8.2h.7l.5.8-.8-.4-.9.1h.8l.7.4-.7-.2-1.2.2H13l.7.3-.7.1-1.8.3 1.4.1-1.1.2h.8l-.9.2.4.5-.8-.7-2.2-3-2-1-1.7-1.3-.4-1.3.2 1.5.8 1.2-1.2-.9-.5-1 .2 1.2.5 1-1-.8-.4-.6.2.9.5.8-.9-.5-.4-.4.3.7.4.5-.5-.1.9.9H3l1.1.7h-.5l1.2.5-.4.2 3 .2H5.7v.3h2.1l-1.5.2-.1.4 2-.3-1.6.4v.5l2.1-.6-1.7.8v.4l2.1-.9-1.7.9.1.4 2.1-1-1.7 1.1.1.4 2-1.1-1.5 1 .1.5 1.6-1-1.1.8.2.4.8-.5-.3.3.1.3.2-.1.3-.1.1-.1h.2l.1-.1v-.8.8l-.1.1h-.2c-.1.1-.3.1-.4.2l-2.3.9-1.5 2.4.1.1 1.7-1.9-1 1.5.6-.1.9-1.4-.7 1.3h.6l.6-1.3-.2 1.3h.6l.4-1.2-.2 1.2.6-.1.1-1.1v1l.4-.2-.1-.8.2.7.2.1.1.3.2.1.4.3.1.1-.2-.1c-.9.2-1.7.5-2.5.7l.9.5.4.2.2.1s.1 0 .1.1c0 0 .1.1.1.2v.2-.2s0-.1-.1-.1l-.1-.1c-.1 0-.1-.1-.2-.1l-.4-.2-.3-.1-.8.2c-.3.1-.3.5 0 .6.4.2.8.3 1.2.4.1.1.3.1.4.1.2 0 .3-.1.4-.1l1.1-.5c.7-.4 1.8-1.2 1.8-1.2l-.8.8q.9-.45 1.5-.6c.4-.2.8-.5 1.2-.7l-.6.5c.6-.1 1.7-.2 2.3-.2.7-.1.8-.8.4-1M16 11.3l.3.3v.1c-.2-.1-.3-.2-.3-.4m-.7-.3s.1 0 0 0q.15 0 0 0 .15 0 0 0l.1-.1v.1h-.2zq0 .15 0 0 0 .15 0 0m0 .8s0-.1 0 0q0-.15 0 0l.1-.1h.1c-.1.1-.1.1-.2.1q.15 0 0 0 .15 0 0 0c.1 0 .1.1 0 0l.1.1v-.1zM5.4 5.4l.9 1.2 1.5.7-1.6-.6zM4 6.4l1 .9 1.9.6-2-.5zm-.5.5 1 .8 2.3.6-2.4-.4zm.2 1.3 3.2.6-2.4-.3zM7 9.3l-1.6-.2-.9-.2zm.1-1.7L5.4 7l-.7-1 .8.9zm.2.6v-.4.2l.7-.4zm.1.5v-.4.2l1-.5zm.3.5v-.4.2l1-.6zm.4.5v-.4.2l1-.5zm.6.3v-.4.2l.9-.5zm.5.4V10v.2l.8-.4zm.6.3v-.4.2l.5-.2zm.4.4v-.3.2l.4-.2zm.3.3v-.3.1l.5-.2zm.3.8V12v.1l.2-.1zm-.1-.4v-.2.1l.3-.2zm-1.2 2.5v-.1h-.1.3zm.7 0v-.1h-.1.3zm.2 4.1-.3-.1-.3-.1-.5-.2.5-.1-.3.1.4.2c.1 0 .2.1.2.1zm2.7-4.5v-.1H13l.3-.1zm-.6-.7.5-.2-.3.4v-.2zm-.2.9.2-.1-.2.2zm.1-1.7.5-.2-.3.4v-.2zm1.2.9v-.1h-.1l.3-.1zm.4-1.2V12h-.1.3zm.4-1.3h.3l-.2.2zm-.2 1.8-.2.2v-.1h-.1zm0-1.4-.3.2.1-.2-.2-.1zm-.5-.6h.3l-.2.2.1-.1zm-.1 1.8-.2.3v-.2h-.2zm0-.8-.3.4.1-.2h-.2zm-.2-.5-.3.2.1-.2H13zm-.6-.5h.3l-.2.2zm-.1.9-.3.4.1-.2-.2-.1zm-.8 2.1.4-.1-.3.3.1-.2zm.2-2.7h.4l-.3.2.1-.2zm0 2-.2.3V13h-.2zm-.1-.7-.2.3v-.2h-.2zm-.5-.5.3-.1-.2.2v-.1zm-.8 2.2v-.1h-.1.3zm.2.5v-.1h-.1.3zm.3-.9v-.1h-.1.3zm.2.5v-.1l-.1-.1h.3zm.3.5v-.1h-.1.3zm-1.1 2.6h-.4zc.1-.1.2-.1.2-.2h.1c.1 0 .2-.1.3-.1s.2-.1.3-.1h.5-.2l-.2.1h-.2c-.1 0-.2.1-.3.1H11l-.1.1h-.1zm2.7-.5-.3.1-.1.1c-.1 0-.1.1-.2.1l-.5.1-.3.1-.2.1c-.1 0-.1 0-.1.1h-.1l-.1.1h-.1c-.1 0-.1 0-.2.1h-.2.2l.2-.1.2-.1h.1l.1-.1.2-.1c.1 0 .2-.1.3-.1l.5-.2h.2l.2-.1zl.1-.1zm-1.1-.5q.15 0 0 0 .15 0 0 0 .15 0 0 0h.1v.2c0-.2 0-.2-.1-.2m.8-.2s.1 0 0 0c.1 0 .1 0 .1.1v.1zq0 .15 0 0c0 .1-.1 0 0 0h-.3v.2l-.3-.4-.2-.9.7.8h.2l.6.3zm1-.3q.15 0 0 0 .15 0 0 0h.1s.1 0 .1.1v.2zm.9.6h-.1c-.1 0-.2.1-.3.1s-.2 0-.3.1h-.1.1c.1 0 .2-.1.3-.1h.4zm.3-.4c.1-.1.1-.1.2-.1s.3-.1.4-.1h.6-.6c-.1.1-.3.2-.6.2m1.8 0h-1.6 1.8z"></path></symbol><symbol id="d19337775de06d7c" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill="currentColor" d="M16 0a16 16 0 1 0 .01 32.01A16 16 0 0 0 16 0m-3.2 24-8-8 2.26-2.26 5.74 5.73L24.94 7.33 27.2 9.6z"></path></symbol></svg><script type="application/json" id="js-globals">{"mode":"production","adTargeting":true,"domain":"independent.co.uk","ga":"","hubspot":"","siteKey":"","searchId":"","gptTag":"","userLogin":true,"userSubscribe":true,"userComments":true,"pianoEnvironment":"production","showcaseProductId":"independent.co.uk:showcase","prebidEnabled":true,"sentry":{"sampleRate":0.1,"tracesSampleRate":0.1,"release":"6.0.2","environment":"prod","cdn":"https://js-de.sentry-cdn.com/b13d2fa91fcf9109fbcf851a0c86c0f6.min.js","replaysSessionSampleRate":0.1,"replaysOnErrorSampleRate":1},"httpStatusCode":200,"lang":"en","staticHost":"static.independent.co.uk","indexExchange":{"scriptUrl":"//js-sec.indexww.com/ht/p/184658-111437137524152.js"},"ozone":{"publisherId":"OZONEESI0001","siteId":"4204204237","siteIdUS":"1500000491","tagId":"4441070001"},"MOCK_ENV":false,"ADOBE_ANALYTICS_OBJECT":"s_object","adNetworkId":931398,"manifest":{"react-archipelago.js":"/_build/react-archipelago.757031e063a03b4cb4cf.js","prebid.js":"/_build/prebid.b2298c244782211ef75d.js","prebid_non_uk.js":"/_build/prebid_non_uk.2761fa78d9d80d53c352.js","init_register_wall.js":"/_build/init_register_wall.df734ac5862874176079.js"},"config":{"mobileAppLinks":{"android":{"us":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.independent.mindsus","uk":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.freerange360.mpp.indy&hl=en_GB"},"ios":{"us":"https://apps.apple.com/us/app/the-independent-breaking-news/id1436169192","uk":"https://apps.apple.com/us/app/independent-premium/id499587380"}}},"adobe":{"host":"ssc.independent.co.uk","trackingServer":"sc.independent.co.uk","trackingServerSecure":"ssc.independent.co.uk","reportSuiteId":"indepdev"},"viafoura":{"endpoint":"https://livecomments.viafoura.co","section_uuid":"00000000-0000-4000-8000-a89270e0ff9b"},"featureFlags":{"feat__cmp_force_enable":false,"feat__debug_timings":false,"feat__force_piano_prod":false,"feat__debug_badge":false,"__DEBUG__":false,"feat__pride_logo_all":false,"feat__price_comparison_ab_test":false,"feat__no_amp":true,"feat__flow_no_amp":true,"feat__ad_refresh":true,"feat__ad_api":true,"feat__flags_api":false,"feat__piano_marketing_sandbox":false,"feat__nsc_tide_repurpose":false,"feat__twitter_rebrand":true,"feat__disable_xdomain_login":false,"feat__anonymised":true,"feat__pubx_integration":true,"feat__wine_disclaimer":false,"feat__no_pixels_player":false,"feat__subscription_save_offer":false,"feat__subscribe_now_copy_header":true,"feat__fullstory":false,"feat__dynamic_pricing":true,"feat__sentry":false,"feat__disable_premium_styles":true,"feat__replace_subscribe_with_support":true,"feat__add_support_content_to_drawer":false,"feat__us_contributions_encore_component":false,"feat__support_now_donate_copy":false,"feat__booking_api_v3":false,"feat__article_anchors":false,"feat__newsletter_page_redesign":false,"feat__new_editions":true,"feat__live_ramp":false},"featureModes":{},"adConfig":{"slots":{"out-of-page":{"refresh":false},"thirdparty_05":{"refresh":false},"skin":{"refresh":false},"thirdparty01":{"refresh":true,"intervalMS":150000},"thirdparty02":{"refresh":true,"intervalMS":150000},"bottom_banner_0":{"refresh":true,"intervalMS":13000},"mpu1":{"refresh":true,"intervalMS":13000},"top_banner":{"refresh":true,"intervalMS":13000},"blog_mpu_1":{"refresh":true,"intervalMS":13000},"blog_mpu_2":{"refresh":true,"intervalMS":13000},"blog_mpu_3":{"refresh":true,"intervalMS":13000},"blog_mpu_4":{"refresh":true,"intervalMS":13000},"blog_mpu_5":{"refresh":true,"intervalMS":13000},"partner_ad_1":{"refresh":true,"intervalMS":13000},"content":{"refresh":true,"intervalMS":13000},"mpu_bottom_sb_1":{"refresh":true,"intervalMS":13000},"mpu_bottom_sb_2":{"refresh":true,"intervalMS":13000},"bottom_mpu_1":{"refresh":true,"intervalMS":13000},"bottom_mpu_2":{"refresh":true,"intervalMS":13000},"bottom_mpu_3":{"refresh":true,"intervalMS":13000},"bottom_mpu_4":{"refresh":true,"intervalMS":13000},"bottom_mpu_5":{"refresh":true,"intervalMS":13000},"thirdparty_03":{"refresh":true,"intervalMS":13000}},"settings":{"refresh":true,"intervalMS":13000,"renderMarginPercent":10,"mobileScaling":1},"advertisers":{"47286525":{"name":"House ads","forceRefresh":true,"disableRefresh":false},"50286645":{"name":"Collective via prebid","forceRefresh":true,"disableRefresh":false},"71453085":{"name":"Just Premium via prebid","forceRefresh":false,"disableRefresh":true},"88411725":{"name":"AdX","forceRefresh":true,"disableRefresh":false},"106848405":{"name":"Ad You Like via prebid","forceRefresh":true,"disableRefresh":false},"5165756391":{"name":"33Across via prebid","forceRefresh":true,"disableRefresh":false},"5154149170":{"name":"Improve Digital via prebid","forceRefresh":true,"disableRefresh":false},"5101369811":{"name":"Index Exchange via prebid","forceRefresh":true,"disableRefresh":false},"5241892486":{"name":"JWP via prebid","forceRefresh":false,"disableRefresh":false},"5132944217":{"name":"Kargo via prebid","forceRefresh":true,"disableRefresh":false},"4998716592":{"name":"Mediagrid via prebid","forceRefresh":true,"disableRefresh":false},"5300902965":{"name":"Minute Media via prebid","forceRefresh":true,"disableRefresh":false},"5028025877":{"name":"Pubmatic via prebid","forceRefresh":true,"disableRefresh":false},"4610208380":{"name":"Rubicon via prebid","forceRefresh":true,"disableRefresh":false},"5154144862":{"name":"Xandr via prebid","forceRefresh":true,"disableRefresh":false},"5015554781":{"name":"Xandr 2 via prebid ","forceRefresh":true,"disableRefresh":false},"4882002162":{"name":"Yieldmo via prebid","forceRefresh":true,"disableRefresh":false},"5351690366":{"name":"GumGum via prebid","forceRefresh":false,"disableRefresh":true},"4736819267":{"name":"test advertiser","forceRefresh":true,"disableRefresh":false},"4898735440":{"name":"Ozone Project via prebid","forceRefresh":true,"disableRefresh":false},"5343045056":{"name":"Ozone via prebid","forceRefresh":true,"disableRefresh":false},"5366102386":{"name":"Invibes via prebid","forceRefresh":false,"disableRefresh":true},"5123865256":{"name":"Criteo via prebid","forceRefresh":false,"disableRefresh":true},"4911815442":{"name":"BEN TEST advertiser","forceRefresh":true,"disableRefresh":false}},"campaigns":{"348371":{"name":"Vauxhall Energising Britain Part 2 with The Independent","disableRefresh":true},"2761961160":{"name":"ESI | Ozone Project | Direct Campaigns | UK | 2020/21/22/23 |_PMP_|","disableRefresh":true},"2990158071":{"name":"INDY | HOUSE | US+CA | MIXED FORMATS","disableRefresh":true},"3272469977":{"name":"JNTO Unicef Critman | Test Order | Seamless Skin | 970x250","disableRefresh":true},"3272482229":{"name":" ESI | Ozone Project | Direct Campaigns | UK | BBC Earth","disableRefresh":true},"3276674834":{"name":"Stansted Express (346735)","disableRefresh":true},"3321116059":{"name":"Soreen page shells (347033)","disableRefresh":true},"3343395094":{"name":"Next Sports Multibrand (347131)","disableRefresh":true},"3375838714":{"name":"Imaginary (347350) - [ADP]","disableRefresh":true},"3391153359":{"name":"Vauxhall Energising Britain Part 1 with The Independent (347361) - [ADP]","disableRefresh":true},"3415096212":{"name":"Paloma Faith (347464) - [ADP]","disableRefresh":true},"3529478858":{"name":"INDY | FX | OMG23 | Welcome to Wrexham S3 | US |_Direct Set Up_| DIRECT | APR24 (347843) - [ADP]","disableRefresh":true},"3544888740":{"name":" BRITISH AIRWAYS TOBAGO (348315)","disableRefresh":true},"3547182442":{"name":"Vauxhall Energising Britain Part 2 with The Independent (348371) - [ADP]","disableRefresh":true},"3560348369":{"name":"ESI | Ozone Project | Direct Campaigns | UK | 2024 |_PMP_|","disableRefresh":true},"3568366254":{"name":"INDY | PHD | AUDI Q6 Wilderness Festival | Desktop Pageshells | AUG24 (349022) - [ADP]","disableRefresh":true},"3583584205":{"name":"TUI - Back to the pool partnership (349390)","disableRefresh":true},"3584170219":{"name":"E.ON Next - Making New Energy Work partnership (349361)","disableRefresh":true},"3585426443":{"name":"Order- BA Pittsburgh (349454)","disableRefresh":true},"3623982689":{"name":"M&S PLAN A PARTNERSHIP ","disableRefresh":true},"3625067926":{"name":"Heathrow Retail Partnership 2024 (349927)","disableRefresh":true},"3630257033":{"name":"Turkiye 2024 Partnership","disableRefresh":true},"3649881354":{"name":"AMEX Partnership 2024 (350094)","disableRefresh":true}}},"bannedWords":["poo"],"bannedDomains":[],"trackonomicsRegex":"((648q|s7so|evyy|7eer|zfrcsk|pvxt|xovt|nqn6|pkpakz|bn5x|m4ibck|vzew|7tiv|uidg|awv4zz|8utb|5d3x|eqcm|audw|tm7559|xibx|hyyc7q|wsktbf|i108736|gqce|tm7560|aqpq|qyov|syuh|oie8|wfraqy|fdcm73|a9yw|tm7562|9pctbx|u97e|2xje|79ic8e|xuok)\\.net|(sjv|pxf)\\.io|(goto.walmart|goto.bluenile|affiliates.abebooks)\\.com|(c1\\.dealnews\\.com)|(go\\.redirectingat\\.com)|(go\\.skimresources\\.com)|(fave\\.co)|(go\\.[a-zA-Z0-9].*?\\.com(\\/?)\\?id=[0-9].+?X[0-9].+?&)|(amazon\\.[\\S]*?\\/(dp|gp)\\/[\\S]*?tag=)|(amazon\\.[\\S]*?\\/[\\S]*?\\?[\\S]*?tag=[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\\-(\\d{2}))|(\\/amzn\\.)|(\\.amazon-adsystem\\.com)|(click\\.linksynergy\\.com)|(linksynergy\\.walmart\\.com)|(anrdoezrs\\.net)|(jdoqocy\\.com)|(tqlkg\\.com)|(tkqlhce\\.com)|(kqzyfj\\.com)|(ftjcfx\\.com)|(lduhtrp\\.net)|(jqoqocy\\.com)|(Kqzfj\\.com)|(dpbolvw\\.net)|(qksrv\\.net)|(awin1\\.com)|(tradedoubler\\.com\\/click)|(pf\\.tradedoubler\\.com\\/pf\\/)|(tradedoubler.com%2Fclick%3F)|(track\\.webgains\\.com)|((ebay\\.)(?=.*\\bcampid=[\\d+])(?=.*\\bmkcid=1\\b)(?=.*\\bmkrid=[\\d+]*\\b)[\\S]*)|((ebay\\.)(?=.*\\bcampid=[\\d+])(?=.*\\bmpre=[\\d+]*\\b)(?=.*\\bpub=[\\d+]*\\b)[\\S]*)|((ebay\\.).[\\S]*(mkcid%3D)[\\S]*(mkrid%3D[0-9\\-]*)[\\S]*(%26campid%3D[0-9]*)[\\S]*)|(scripts\\.affiliatefuture\\.com\\/AFClick\\.asp)+[\\S]*(affiliateID=\\d+))","trackonomics":{"customerId":"esimedia_t58ukgmjkf95_theindependent"},"sourcepoint":{"managerId":559246},"jwplayerSiteId":"g7SpqmnK","betting":{"analytics":{"url":"https://adtech.indyadvertising.com/js/ktag.js"}},"mantis_channels":{"ratings":[{"customer":"Default","rating":"GREEN"},{"customer":"COVIDSafe","rating":"GREEN"},{"customer":"Omnicomdv","rating":"RED"},{"customer":"Facebook","rating":"RED"},{"customer":"Sabic_Mobkoi","rating":"GREEN"},{"customer":"HSBC","rating":"GREEN"},{"customer":"Intel","rating":"GREEN"},{"customer":"Microsoft_Main","rating":"GREEN"},{"customer":"Microsoft_03","rating":"GREEN"},{"customer":"Saudi_Aramco","rating":"RED"},{"customer":"LG","rating":"GREEN"},{"customer":"Loop_Me","rating":"GREEN"},{"customer":"Volkswagen_Main","rating":"GREEN"},{"customer":"Castrol","rating":"GREEN"},{"customer":"Hoopla","rating":"RED"},{"customer":"Collective","rating":"RED"},{"customer":"Diageo","rating":"RED"},{"customer":"O2_Havas","rating":"GREEN"},{"customer":"Sukin","rating":"RED"},{"customer":"Tanqueray","rating":"RED"},{"customer":"Tesco_GroupM_GPS","rating":"RED"},{"customer":"TTD_UK","rating":"RED"},{"customer":"WWF","rating":"RED"}],"categories":{"iab":[{"id":52,"score":0.889897},{"id":58,"score":0.88269},{"id":385,"score":0.866586},{"id":596,"score":0.806249},{"id":599,"score":0.617142}],"watson":[{"score":0.889897,"label":"/business and industrial/business news"},{"score":0.88269,"label":"/business and industrial/advertising and marketing/advertising"},{"score":0.866586,"label":"/news/national news"},{"score":0.806249,"label":"/technology and computing/internet technology/email"},{"score":0.799564,"label":"/technology and computing/internet technology/web search/people search"},{"score":0.744577,"label":"/technology and computing/internet technology/social network"},{"score":0.617142,"label":"/technology and computing/tech news"},{"score":0.546787,"label":"/technology and computing/internet technology/internet cafes"},{"score":0.508625,"label":"/business and industrial/business software"},{"score":0.476778,"label":"/law, govt and politics"}],"mantis":[{"label":"business_industrial","score":0.889897},{"label":"business_news","score":0.889897},{"label":"advertising_marketing","score":0.88269},{"label":"advertising","score":0.88269},{"label":"news","score":0.866586},{"label":"national_news","score":0.866586},{"label":"technology_computing","score":0.806249},{"label":"internet_technology","score":0.806249},{"label":"email","score":0.806249},{"label":"web_search","score":0.799564},{"label":"social_network","score":0.744577},{"label":"tech_news","score":0.617142},{"label":"internet_cafes","score":0.546787},{"label":"business_software","score":0.508625},{"label":"law_govt_politics","score":0.476778}]},"sentiment":"positive"},"mantis_context":[{"label":"business_industrial","score":0.889897},{"label":"business_news","score":0.889897},{"label":"advertising_marketing","score":0.88269},{"label":"advertising","score":0.88269},{"label":"news","score":0.866586},{"label":"national_news","score":0.866586},{"label":"technology_computing","score":0.806249},{"label":"internet_technology","score":0.806249},{"label":"email","score":0.806249},{"label":"web_search","score":0.799564},{"label":"social_network","score":0.744577},{"label":"tech_news","score":0.617142},{"label":"internet_cafes","score":0.546787},{"label":"business_software","score":0.508625},{"label":"law_govt_politics","score":0.476778}],"permutive":{"organizationId":"5d79bce7-5d2b-427e-a6c4-b89b6c7bf048","workspaceId":"8a36876c-0af1-446c-b4da-51399e9ee198","apiKey":"481c9017-8e56-4bf8-822e-373d16c6f47b","data":{"page":{"content":{"type":"article","mantis_channels":{"ratings":[{"customer":"Default","rating":"GREEN"},{"customer":"COVIDSafe","rating":"GREEN"},{"customer":"Omnicomdv","rating":"RED"},{"customer":"Facebook","rating":"RED"},{"customer":"Sabic_Mobkoi","rating":"GREEN"},{"customer":"HSBC","rating":"GREEN"},{"customer":"Intel","rating":"GREEN"},{"customer":"Microsoft_Main","rating":"GREEN"},{"customer":"Microsoft_03","rating":"GREEN"},{"customer":"Saudi_Aramco","rating":"RED"},{"customer":"LG","rating":"GREEN"},{"customer":"Loop_Me","rating":"GREEN"},{"customer":"Volkswagen_Main","rating":"GREEN"},{"customer":"Castrol","rating":"GREEN"},{"customer":"Hoopla","rating":"RED"},{"customer":"Collective","rating":"RED"},{"customer":"Diageo","rating":"RED"},{"customer":"O2_Havas","rating":"GREEN"},{"customer":"Sukin","rating":"RED"},{"customer":"Tanqueray","rating":"RED"},{"customer":"Tesco_GroupM_GPS","rating":"RED"},{"customer":"TTD_UK","rating":"RED"},{"customer":"WWF","rating":"RED"}],"categories":{"iab":[{"id":52,"score":0.889897},{"id":58,"score":0.88269},{"id":385,"score":0.866586},{"id":596,"score":0.806249},{"id":599,"score":0.617142}],"watson":[{"score":0.889897,"label":"/business and industrial/business news"},{"score":0.88269,"label":"/business and industrial/advertising and marketing/advertising"},{"score":0.866586,"label":"/news/national news"},{"score":0.806249,"label":"/technology and computing/internet technology/email"},{"score":0.799564,"label":"/technology and computing/internet technology/web search/people search"},{"score":0.744577,"label":"/technology and computing/internet technology/social network"},{"score":0.617142,"label":"/technology and computing/tech news"},{"score":0.546787,"label":"/technology and computing/internet technology/internet cafes"},{"score":0.508625,"label":"/business and industrial/business software"},{"score":0.476778,"label":"/law, govt and politics"}],"mantis":[{"label":"business_industrial","score":0.889897},{"label":"business_news","score":0.889897},{"label":"advertising_marketing","score":0.88269},{"label":"advertising","score":0.88269},{"label":"news","score":0.866586},{"label":"national_news","score":0.866586},{"label":"technology_computing","score":0.806249},{"label":"internet_technology","score":0.806249},{"label":"email","score":0.806249},{"label":"web_search","score":0.799564},{"label":"social_network","score":0.744577},{"label":"tech_news","score":0.617142},{"label":"internet_cafes","score":0.546787},{"label":"business_software","score":0.508625},{"label":"law_govt_politics","score":0.476778}]},"sentiment":"positive"},"article":{"title":"Contact Us","description":"","channel":"service","section":"service/contact-us-759589.html","subsection":"","topics":["user policies"],"authors":null,"content_type":"image","status":"standard"}}}}},"topictags":["user-policies","s_service"],"taboola":{"sectionValues":[{"category":"All","pageType":"homepage","mode":"thumbs-feed-hero-1sc-6sc-esi-inde","container":"taboola-ms-hero","placement":"MS Hero","target_type":"mix"},{"category":"All","pageType":"category","mode":"thumbs-feed-hero-1sc-6sc-esi-inde","container":"taboola-ms-hero","placement":"MS Hero","target_type":"mix"},{"category":"Sport","pageType":"category","mode":"thumbs-feed-hero-1sc-6sc-esi-inde","container":"taboola-below-category-sport","placement":"Below Category Sport","target_type":"mix"},{"category":"Culture","pageType":"category","mode":"thumbs-feed-hero-1sc-6sc-esi-inde","container":"taboola-below-category-culture","placement":"Below Category Culture","target_type":"mix"},{"category":"Asia","pageType":"category","mode":"thumbs-feed-hero-1sc-6sc-esi-inde","container":"taboola-below-category-asia","placement":"Below Category Asia","target_type":"mix"}],"accountIds":{"base":1036135},"publisherId":"eslmedia-theindependent","publisherIdIndyBest":"esimedia-indybest","ampBelowArticleMode":"thumbnails-e1","pageType":"article"},"gtm":{"containerId":"GTM-5XT7NPD"},"cmp":{"enabled":false},"braze":{"restAPIKey":"95fde924-43dd-4931-b180-e2a50f2bd8e8","sdkAPIKey":"64a95b8b-e28a-433a-a891-c7a3c398557f","sdkEndpoint":"sdk.fra-02.braze.eu","confirmationEmailCampaignId":"65c44e0a-46ab-d97c-dcff-33ffc6f15eb9","registrationEmailCampaignId":"3224e581-1a43-e119-083a-3e406df2daff","registrationEmailCampaignIdUS":"c632b06d-fb1d-2262-44a8-cef3c80c34ef","brazeSdkDelayAmount":5000},"cseId":"006663403660930254993:oxhge2zf1ro","chartbeat":{"uid":"62356","domain":"independent.co.uk","title":"Contact Us","sections":"mediatype_image,article-typenon-premium,service,topic-user-policies","authors":""},"videoAdUnitPath":"/71347885/_main_independent/in_service/in_main/video/hero_player","article":{"title":"Contact Us","premium":false,"sections":["Service","Frontpage"],"authors":null,"hierarchy":[{"name":"Service","path":"/service","id":1894,"uuid":"3a15c613-1475-46fb-b381-dd4f9262bd2d","sourceId":"14711","sourceName":"Service","sourcePath":"service","changed":"1727708221","firstLetter":"s","hierarchy":[{"name":"Independent","id":"45"}],"hierarchicalName":"Service","bundle":"section","extra":{"isHideCommenting":true,"isHideNewsletterSignUp":true,"isCommercial":true,"isDisableAllSlots":true,"isDisableSponsoredCapsule":true},"articleCount":123}],"publish":"2024-05-29T13:51:42Z","isArticlePreview":false,"sectionCategory":[{"name":"Service","path":"/service","id":1894,"uuid":"3a15c613-1475-46fb-b381-dd4f9262bd2d","sourceId":"14711","sourceName":"Service","sourcePath":"service","changed":"1727708221","firstLetter":"s","hierarchy":[{"name":"Independent","id":"45"}],"hierarchicalName":"Service","bundle":"section","extra":{"isHideCommenting":true,"isHideNewsletterSignUp":true,"isCommercial":true,"isDisableAllSlots":true,"isDisableSponsoredCapsule":true},"articleCount":123,"siteSection":"site home/service","deep":2},{"name":"Frontpage","path":"/frontpage-0","id":1473,"uuid":"e9d77511-652a-4bc7-a214-7538769e09d1","sourceId":"11231","sourceName":"Frontpage","sourcePath":"frontpage-0","changed":"1727709001","firstLetter":"f","hierarchy":[{"name":"Independent","id":"45"}],"hierarchicalName":"Frontpage","bundle":"section","articleCount":131770,"siteSection":"site home/frontpage 0","deep":2}],"siteSections":[["site home","site home"],["service","frontpage 0"]],"isInfact":false,"isFeature":false,"isCommercial":false,"isService":true,"isFullWidth":false,"isReview":false,"isProduct":false,"isNews":false,"isLuxury":false,"isBest":false,"topics":[{"name":"user policies","path":"/topic/user-policies","id":11978,"uuid":"135beb9b-bfba-4b23-abf9-54d91e316900","changed":"1728004501","firstLetter":"u","bundle":"topic","articleCount":20}],"heroType":"image","newsletterKey":"receiveIndyBreakingNews","sensitive":false},"products":{"stickySummary":true},"isLiveBlog":false,"isCommercial":false,"isSection":false,"dotmetrics":{"sectionId":6669},"recaptureV3Key":"6LdQFKQUAAAAAALh9h5ypRL_GV19zbD4ZtAmj-pm","piano":{"pianoEndpoint":"https://api.tinypass.com/api/v3","pianoAppId":"SEz5CAOYyJ","pkceLoginEndpoint":"https://api.piano.io/id/api/v1/identity/login/code"},"addUnitId":"","pageType":"image","pageId":"759589","sections":[{"name":"Service","path":"/service","id":1894,"uuid":"3a15c613-1475-46fb-b381-dd4f9262bd2d","sourceId":"14711","sourceName":"Service","sourcePath":"service","changed":"1727708221","firstLetter":"s","hierarchy":[{"name":"Independent","id":"45"}],"hierarchicalName":"Service","bundle":"section","extra":{"isHideCommenting":true,"isHideNewsletterSignUp":true,"isCommercial":true,"isDisableAllSlots":true,"isDisableSponsoredCapsule":true},"articleCount":123},{"name":"Frontpage","path":"/frontpage-0","id":1473,"uuid":"e9d77511-652a-4bc7-a214-7538769e09d1","sourceId":"11231","sourceName":"Frontpage","sourcePath":"frontpage-0","changed":"1727709001","firstLetter":"f","hierarchy":[{"name":"Independent","id":"45"}],"hierarchicalName":"Frontpage","bundle":"section","articleCount":131770}]}</script><script src="/_build/react-archipelago.757031e063a03b4cb4cf.js"></script><script src="/_build/react-components-base.f9c9738e0a3aef3e710e.js"></script><script defer src="/_build/react-components-article.86a73a69a4d8c7d22466.js"></script><noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5XT7NPD" height="0" width="0" class="sc-lt6hli-0 hXlRTl"></iframe></noscript><script src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script><script src="/js/adobe.raw.js"></script> <script defer src="/_build/main.1e43f7142008aadbc270.js"></script><script defer src="/_build/init_register_wall.df734ac5862874176079.js"></script><script defer src="/_build/init-piano.9d992fedf7ee84461089.js"></script> </body> </html>