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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Help%3ANavigation" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Help%3ANavigation" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Main_Page" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_Page"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Main Page</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_Page-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orientation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orientation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Orientation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orientation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contents_and_index_browsing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contents_and_index_browsing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Contents and index browsing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contents_and_index_browsing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Category_browsing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Category_browsing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Category browsing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Category_browsing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_useful_buttons_and_panels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_useful_buttons_and_panels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Other useful buttons and panels</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_useful_buttons_and_panels-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other useful buttons and panels subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_useful_buttons_and_panels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sidebar_(left)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sidebar_(left)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Sidebar (left)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sidebar_(left)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toolbox" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toolbox"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Toolbox</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toolbox-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Top_tabs_(above_the_article)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Top_tabs_(above_the_article)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Top tabs (above the article)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Top_tabs_(above_the_article)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Using_the_search_box_to_navigate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Using_the_search_box_to_navigate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Using the search box to navigate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Using_the_search_box_to_navigate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Using_Wikipedia_to_locate_information_elsewhere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Using_Wikipedia_to_locate_information_elsewhere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Using Wikipedia to locate information elsewhere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Using_Wikipedia_to_locate_information_elsewhere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Help</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Navigation</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tour/4" title="Wikipedia:Tour/4 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Wikipedia:Tour/4" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="مساعدة:تصفح أساسي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مساعدة:تصفح أساسي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE:%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A3" title="উইকিপিডিয়া:প্রাথমিক পরিভ্রমণ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইকিপিডিয়া:প্রাথমিক পরিভ্রমণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Уикипедия:Навигация – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уикипедия:Навигация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wicipedia:Llywio_sylfaenol" title="Wicipedia:Llywio sylfaenol – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Wicipedia:Llywio sylfaenol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tour_f%C3%BCr_Leser/4" title="Wikipedia:Tour für Leser/4 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wikipedia:Tour für Leser/4" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayuda:Interfaz_de_Wikipedia" title="Ayuda:Interfaz de Wikipedia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ayuda:Interfaz de Wikipedia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87" title="ویکی‌پدیا:ناوبری پایه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویکی‌پدیا:ناوبری پایه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:Interface" title="Aide:Interface – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aide:Interface" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axuda:Navegar" title="Axuda:Navegar – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Axuda:Navegar" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EB%91%98%EB%9F%AC%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0" title="위키백과:둘러보기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="위키백과:둘러보기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%98" title="ויקיפדיה:ניווט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויקיפדיה:ניווט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Уикипедия:Бағыттау – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Уикипедия:Бағыттау" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tour/4" title="Wikipedia:Tour/4 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Wikipedia:Tour/4" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantuan:Pandu_arah" title="Bantuan:Pandu arah – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bantuan:Pandu arah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Archief/Wikipedia:Basisnavigatie" title="Wikipedia:Archief/Wikipedia:Basisnavigatie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wikipedia:Archief/Wikipedia:Basisnavigatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8" title="विकिपिडिया:आधारभूत परिचालन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="विकिपिडिया:आधारभूत परिचालन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E3%82%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%89%E3%83%96%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF_%E8%AA%BF%E3%81%B9%E3%82%8B%E3%83%BB%E8%AA%AD%E3%82%80" title="Wikipedia:ガイドブック調べる・読む – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Wikipedia:ガイドブック調べる・読む" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hjelp:Navigasjon" title="Hjelp:Navigasjon – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hjelp:Navigasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%BE%DA%89%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%86%D9%87" title="ويکيپډيا:ويکيپرتلنه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ويکيپډيا:ويکيپرتلنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajuda:Guia_de_edi%C3%A7%C3%A3o/Menus_e_ferramentas" title="Ajuda:Guia de edição/Menus e ferramentas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ajuda:Guia de edição/Menus e ferramentas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94:%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%9C_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B8" title="උදවු:මූලික මග පෙන්වීම – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="උදවු:මූලික මග පෙන්වීම" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Navigation" title="Help:Navigation – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Help:Navigation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%AF:%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%DA%AF%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%86" title="مدد:نيوي گيشن – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مدد:نيوي گيشن" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C:%DA%95%DB%8E%D8%AF%DB%86%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="یارمەتی:ڕێدۆزی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="یارمەتی:ڕێدۆزی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:L%C3%A4sning" title="Wikipedia:Läsning – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Wikipedia:Läsning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="วิธีใช้:การนำทาง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิธีใช้:การนำทาง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yard%C4%B1m:Dola%C5%9F%C4%B1m" title="Yardım:Dolaşım – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yardım:Dolaşım" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA:%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="معاونت:ویکی پیمائی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="معاونت:ویکی پیمائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%A3_gi%C3%BAp:%C4%90i%E1%BB%81u_h%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bng" title="Trợ giúp:Điều hướng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trợ giúp:Điều hướng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6259144#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-help" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Navigation" title="View the help page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Help page</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help_talk:Navigation" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" 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style="padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administration" title="Wikipedia:Administration">Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Index">FAQs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Assessing_article_quality" title="Help:Assessing article quality">Assessing article quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_book_creator_status" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia book creator status">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Categories" title="Help:Categories">Categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Censorship" title="Help:Censorship">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Copyright" title="Help:Copyright">Copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Disambiguation" title="Help:Disambiguation">Disambiguation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Viewing_media" title="Help:Viewing media">Images and multimedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:ISBN" title="Help:ISBN">ISBN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Microformats" title="Help:Microformats">Microformats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Mobile_access" title="Help:Mobile access">Mobile access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Database_download" title="Wikipedia:Database download">Offline access</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Other_languages" title="Help:Other languages">Other languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_name" title="Help:Page name">Page names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Portals" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Portals">Portals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Searching" title="Help:Searching">Searching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Student_help" title="Help:Student help">Student help</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Researching_with_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Researching with Wikipedia">Researching with Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Citing Wikipedia">Citing Wikipedia</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Glossary" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Glossary">Readers' glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reader%27s_index_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Reader's index to Wikipedia">Readers' index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual/Appendixes/Reader%27s_guide_to_Wikipedia" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual/Appendixes/Reader's guide to Wikipedia"><i>Reader's guide to Wikipedia</i></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Reader_help" title="Template:Reader help"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Reader_help" title="Template talk:Reader help"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Reader_help" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Reader help"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> is so vast that the features that usually facilitate navigating, like hypertext and a search box, are supplemented by portals and a <a href="/wiki/Theme_(computing)" title="Theme (computing)">page theme</a> that features a toolbox, a search box, and the category of the page, on every page. The category of a page reflects the status of that page in the continuous categorization efforts all pages undergo. Navigation is a critical priority on a Wikipedia page layout. The <a href="/wiki/Search_box" title="Search box">search box</a> will navigate directly to a page, but this search box is also an interface to a powerful search engine developed especially for Wikipedia. Wikipedia's search box allows readers to apply six different <i><a href="/wiki/H:S#Parameters" class="mw-redirect" title="H:S">parameters</a></i> to better refine the search results that a bare word search might produce alone. </p><p>All Wikipedia articles are linked or cross-referenced for ease of navigation through the encyclopedia. Where you see text like <a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">this</a>, it means there is a link to another article or Wikipedia page with further information if you need it. Holding your mouse over the link will show you where a link will take you. This means articles do not need to cover common ground in depth; instead, you are always one click away from more information on any point that has a link attached. </p><p>The <i>Manual of style</i> documents the various footer sections on a page that will contain related articles, external web sites, and reference material. At the bottom line of the article are the relevant <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Category" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Category">categories of related pages</a> which you can search and traverse in an interconnected <a href="/wiki/Hierarchy" title="Hierarchy">hierarchy</a>. The category pages are hypertext, and a graphical tool is available at <a href="/wiki/Special:CategoryTree" title="Special:CategoryTree">Special:CategoryTree</a>. </p><p>Search results and articles themselves may also have interwiki links to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SISTER" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SISTER">sister projects</a> such as dictionary definitions, audiobook readings, quotations, or the same article in other languages. You can contribute by adding further links if a relevant link is missing. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Main_Page" data-mw-thread-id="h-Main_Page"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Main_Page"></span>Main Page<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Main_Page"></span></h2></div> <p>There's a browsing bar at the top of the Main Page with links to Portals. Portals bring you to sub-portals and portals, which are illustrated article summaries like on the Main Page. "Featured content", on the side bar, is the way to the best articles, pictures, lists and portals in the encyclopedia. And "Contents" has guides to browsing Wikipedia. </p><p>These portals are good places to start when you're searching for information within a broad subject area. With the help of Wikipedia's broad base of editors and contributors, these portals compile up-to-date and relevant information within these areas, including current events as well as significant historical anniversaries. They can also recommend popular articles and related topics and categories that may help you to further narrow down your focus. Several portals even have bibliographies or links to external subject resources that can further guide your research and discovery of sources. The portals will direct you to key topics within a field and guide you to articles that suit your research needs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Orientation" data-mw-thread-id="h-Orientation"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Orientation"></span>Orientation<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Orientation"></span></h2></div> <p>The English Wikipedia is one of many <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikimedia">Wikimedia</a> projects, and has the <a href="/wiki/URL" title="URL">URL</a> en.wikipedia.org. Versions in other languages have other labels, usually a two or three letter code. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Wikipedia" title="Spanish Wikipedia">Spanish Wikipedia</a> is at es.wikipedia.org. Other <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">Wikimedia sister projects</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a> have different names in their URLs. Links to these projects (such as <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="s:Main Page">s:Main Page</a>) usually appear in a different shade. <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> (commons.wikimedia.org) has a special role, housing many of the images accessed from Wikipedia. Many of the projects at the other URLs are organized in a way that is quite similar to Wikipedia, but you can always tell which project you are viewing by the logo and text at the top left of the page. </p><p>Within Wikipedia (and other projects), content is separated into <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">namespaces</a>, which appear before the page name. For example, <a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Help:Editing</a> is in the Help: namespace. Regular encyclopedia articles are in a namespace with no prefix added. Namespaces come in pairs, one for content and one for talk — for example, <a href="/wiki/Help_talk:Editing" title="Help talk:Editing">Help talk:Editing</a>. Another example is your <a href="/wiki/Help:Userpage" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Userpage">user page</a> and associated talk page, which is added to the User: and User talk: namespaces. You can switch between content and talk pages using the first two tabs at the top of each page. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Contents_and_index_browsing" data-mw-thread-id="h-Contents_and_index_browsing"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Contents_and_index_browsing"></span>Contents and index browsing<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Contents_and_index_browsing"></span></h2></div> <p>Wikipedia is comprised of a vast amount of information on a broad range of subjects that include <a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics">politics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a>, <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pop_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Pop culture">pop culture</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports">sports</a>. To help the reader navigate this world of knowledge, Wikipedia has certain kinds of pages that organize and group the individual articles. These "contents pages" are overviews, outlines, lists, portals, glossaries, categories, and indices that provide links—organized by subject and topic, as well as alphabetically or chronologically—to numerous individual articles (which themselves contain cross links to related articles). Another type of contents page is for high-quality articles, those that appear in Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_content" title="Wikipedia:Featured content">featured content</a>. Each Wikipedia contents page is compiled by editors to serve as an overarching subject guide and to organize aspects of key topics within a subject. An overview of Wikipedia's contents pages appears below. </p><p><br /> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1213104228">.mw-parser-output .contents-pages-footer{margin-top:5px;border:1px solid #B8C7D9;background-color:#E6F2FF;padding:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .contents-pages-footer-title{font-size:140%}.mw-parser-output .contents-pages-footer span[role="heading"]{font-weight:bold}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="contents-footer-label" id="contents-footer" class="contents-pages-footer plainlinks selfreference skin-nightmode-reset-color noprint"> <div id="contents-footer-label" class="contents-pages-footer-title"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Wikipedia:Contents">Content listings</a></div> <p><span role="heading">Topics</span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Portal:Current events">Current events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Reference" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Reference">Reference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Culture_and_the_arts" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Culture and the arts">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Geography_and_places" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Geography and places">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Health_and_fitness" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Health and fitness">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/History_and_events" title="Wikipedia:Contents/History and events">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Mathematics_and_logic" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Mathematics and logic">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Natural_and_physical_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Natural and physical sciences">Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/People_and_self" title="Wikipedia:Contents/People and self">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Philosophy_and_thinking" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Philosophy and thinking">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Religion_and_belief_systems" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Religion and belief systems">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Society_and_social_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Society and social sciences">Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Technology_and_applied_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Technology and applied sciences">Technology</a></li></ul> </div> <p><span role="heading">Types</span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vital_articles" title="Wikipedia:Vital articles">Vital articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_content" title="Wikipedia:Featured content">Featured content</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles" title="Wikipedia:Good articles">Good articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spoken_articles" title="Wikipedia:Spoken articles">Spoken articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Overviews" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Overviews">Overviews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Outlines" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Outlines">Outlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Lists" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Lists">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Glossaries" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Glossaries">Glossaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Categories" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Categories">Categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Indices" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Indices">Indices</a></li></ul> </div> <p><span role="heading">Places, people and times</span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_academic_disciplines" title="Outline of academic disciplines">Academic disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_days_of_the_year" title="List of days of the year">Anniversaries (days of the year)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_17" title="March 17">today</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories" title="Lists of sovereign states and dependent territories">Sovereign states and dependent territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_timelines" title="List of timelines">Timelines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">decades, centuries, and millennia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <p><span role="heading">Indices</span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/A%E2%80%93Z_index" title="Wikipedia:Contents/A–Z index">A–Z index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Categories" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Categories">Categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dewey_Decimal_classes" title="List of Dewey Decimal classes">Dewey Decimal classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Classification" title="Library of Congress Classification">Library of Congress Classification</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <p><br /> These lists, outlines, and categories can be a vital tool in developing subject expertise to help you in your research. If you are in the early stages of narrowing down a topic, these index features will offer you a broad to narrow spectrum of topics within a given field. Similarly, specific articles or topics can be navigated more broadly to reveal related areas of their classification, such as geographically similar areas to a given city or historical events occurring as part of a given movement. For many topics, Wikipedia's editors have created timelines outlining historical events and achievements, as well as timelines that offer a chronological outline of the development of certain technologies or theories within a field. These features can help to contextualize a given topic and can give you an opportunity to field this related subject information by gaining a background provided by Wikipedia's contributors, who often have a professional expertise in areas that they contribute to. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Category_browsing" data-mw-thread-id="h-Category_browsing"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Category_browsing"></span>Category browsing<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Category_browsing"></span></h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Help:Categories" title="Help:Categories">Help:Categories</a></div> <p>Every article has a list at the bottom of all the major categories it belongs to. For example, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> is listed under (<i><a href="/wiki/Inter_alia" class="mw-redirect" title="Inter alia">inter alia</a></i>): </p> <dl><dd><i><a href="/wiki/Category:1879_births" title="Category:1879 births">1879 births</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:1955_deaths" title="Category:1955 deaths">1955 deaths</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Cosmologists" title="Category:Cosmologists">Cosmologists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:German_physicists" title="Category:German physicists">German physicists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:German-Americans" title="Category:German-Americans">German-Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Nobel_laureates_in_Physics" title="Category:Nobel laureates in Physics">Nobel laureates in Physics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Refugees" title="Category:Refugees">Refugees</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:World_federalists&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:World federalists (page does not exist)">World federalists</a>.</i></dd></dl> <p>Each of these categories can be browsed and is linked to related categories in an interconnected <a href="/wiki/Hierarchy" title="Hierarchy">hierarchy</a> or web. </p><p>Try browsing the various categories below right now: </p> <p style="clear:both; margin:0 3px .8em 3px; font-variant: small-caps; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom:.2em; font-size: 105%;"> <a href="/wiki/Category:The_arts" title="Category:The arts">The arts</a> | <a href="/wiki/Category:Culture" title="Category:Culture">Culture</a> | <a href="/wiki/Category:Geography" title="Category:Geography">Geography</a> | <a href="/wiki/Category:History" title="Category:History">History</a> | <a href="/wiki/Category:Mathematics" title="Category:Mathematics">Mathematics</a> | <a href="/wiki/Category:People" title="Category:People">People</a> | <a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy" title="Category:Philosophy">Philosophy</a> | <a href="/wiki/Category:Science" title="Category:Science">Science</a> | <a href="/wiki/Category:Society" title="Category:Society">Society</a> | <a href="/wiki/Category:Technology" title="Category:Technology">Technology</a></p> <p>For more information about using this feature, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categories" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Categories">Wikipedia:FAQ/Categories</a>. </p><p>Categories are one of the more helpful clusters for directing users to both broader topics and related topics. Listed categories demonstrate the former option—broader topics by classifying your subject into larger groupings; you will be able to locate information on other German physicists or navigate through the indexes discussed in the section above, paired with the information in categories and portals to glean information about physicists studying the same or similar topics. If you are using it to gain a point of contrast, you may not need to delve into all cited sources or conduct scholarly research, but you can rest assured knowing that information on Wikipedia usually comes from reliable, cited sources. Studying such related topics gives you a chance to expand your knowledge on a subject and discover noteworthy or standout facts about your starting article. </p><p>Additionally, to find additional categories, search the Category Tree, a Wikipedia feature that allows users to search for a category and see its structure and how it relates to other categories and topics. Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Special:CategoryTree" title="Special:CategoryTree">Category Tree</a> offers something of a birds-eye view of the categories to map out content in a hierarchical view. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Other_useful_buttons_and_panels" data-mw-thread-id="h-Other_useful_buttons_and_panels"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Other_useful_buttons_and_panels"></span>Other useful buttons and panels<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Other_useful_buttons_and_panels"></span></h2></div> <p>Here is the default <a href="/wiki/Theme_(computing)" title="Theme (computing)">theme</a> of a Wikipedia page: </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Screenshot_of_WIkipedia_Main_Page_for_navigation_Vector_2022.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="User options include "my preferences" and "my watchlist". Top tabs include "discussion" and "history". The sidebar includes "Main page" and "Community Portal". The toolbox includes "What links here" and "Related changes"." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Screenshot_of_WIkipedia_Main_Page_for_navigation_Vector_2022.PNG/650px-Screenshot_of_WIkipedia_Main_Page_for_navigation_Vector_2022.PNG" decoding="async" width="650" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Screenshot_of_WIkipedia_Main_Page_for_navigation_Vector_2022.PNG/975px-Screenshot_of_WIkipedia_Main_Page_for_navigation_Vector_2022.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Screenshot_of_WIkipedia_Main_Page_for_navigation_Vector_2022.PNG/1300px-Screenshot_of_WIkipedia_Main_Page_for_navigation_Vector_2022.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1812" data-file-height="869" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>You can experiment with different <a href="/wiki/Skin_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Skin (computing)">skins</a> that control the way some of your page is laid out. When you <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Create_an_account" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Create an account">have a user account</a>, the top line of the <a href="/wiki/Web_page" title="Web page">web page</a> will then show navigation to your user page, your talk page, the sandbox, your editing watchlist, and your editing contributions. User <a href="/wiki/Help:User_preferences" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:User preferences">options</a> offer a generous amount of navigation customization to your buttons and panels. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sidebar_(left)" data-mw-thread-id="h-Sidebar_(left)-Other_useful_buttons_and_panels"><span id="Sidebar_.28left.29"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Sidebar_(left)-Other_useful_buttons_and_panels"></span>Sidebar (left)<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Sidebar_(left)-Other_useful_buttons_and_panels"></span></h3></div> <p>To the left side of each article are some standard options for navigation and interaction, for tools, and, on some articles, for languages: </p><p>Main menu: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Main_page" class="mw-redirect" title="Main page">Main page</a> - the English Wikipedia home page</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Wikipedia:Contents">Contents</a> - an index of the various ways to find content within Wikipedia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Portal:Current events">Current events</a> - latest world news reported within the Wikipedia community</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Special:Random">Random article</a> - lucky dip, if you're ever bored or want to learn something new!</li> <li><a href="/wiki/About_Wikipedia" class="mw-redirect" title="About Wikipedia">About Wikipedia</a> - an introduction to the Wikipedia project for visitors</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="Wikipedia:Contact us">Contact us</a> - how to contact Wikipedia</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Fundraising">Donate to Wikipedia</a></li></ul> <p>Contribute: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Help:Contents">Help</a> - the main menu for all the help pages</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Learn_to_edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Learn to edit">Learn to edit</a> - Learn how to edit Wikipedia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_Portal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Community Portal">Community portal</a> - as a community building an encyclopedia, Wikipedia has a portal for users, giving easy access to many of the useful pages within Wikipedia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="Special:RecentChanges">Recent changes</a> - articles that are being edited at this moment</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Upload" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Upload">Upload file</a> - help with properly uploading images and other files to Wikipedia</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toolbox" data-mw-thread-id="h-Toolbox-Other_useful_buttons_and_panels"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Toolbox-Other_useful_buttons_and_panels"></span>Toolbox<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Toolbox-Other_useful_buttons_and_panels"></span></h3></div> <p>By default, the toolbox is found as a dropdown menu in the top taps above the article. It can be moved to the sidebar on the left by clicking the "move to sidebar button" next to the "Tools" heading when you open the dropdown menu: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Main_Page" title="Special:WhatLinksHere/Main Page">What links here</a> - useful for tracing where this article is referenced from</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Main_Page" title="Special:RecentChangesLinked/Main Page">Related changes</a> - list of changes made recently to pages linked from the specified page</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="Special:SpecialPages">Special pages</a> - all the special functions and administration options can be found here</li> <li>Permanent link - used to <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history#Linking_to_a_specific_version_of_a_page" title="Help:Page history">link to a specific version of a page</a>. See <a href="/wiki/Permalink" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> for an encyclopedic explanation of permanent links.</li> <li>Page information</li> <li>Get shortened URL</li> <li>Download QR code</li> <li>Download as PDF - for getting a PDF of the page to read offline.</li> <li>Printable version - displays the article by itself, without all the site navigation. See <a href="/wiki/Help:Printable" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Printable">Help:Printable</a> for details.</li></ul> <p>Other languages - if an article exists on the same subject in any of the other hundred languages in Wikipedia, it should usually appear on a list of other language links in the sidebar too. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Top_tabs_(above_the_article)" data-mw-thread-id="h-Top_tabs_(above_the_article)-Other_useful_buttons_and_panels"><span id="Top_tabs_.28above_the_article.29"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Top_tabs_(above_the_article)-Other_useful_buttons_and_panels"></span>Top tabs (above the article)<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Top_tabs_(above_the_article)-Other_useful_buttons_and_panels"></span></h3></div> <p>Each page in Wikipedia contains an article, and a discussion page (usually called "Talk...") </p><p>You can see these above: the article is labelled "project page", the discussion page is the tab to the right of it. These are treated as two separate pages in Wikipedia, but are shown side by side on the tab bar, for ease of use. </p><p>Whether you are looking at the article or project page, or the discussion page, you will see there is a button marked "edit this page", possibly a "new section" button, and a button labelled "watch" or "unwatch". </p> <ul><li>edit this page - this is the key to contributing to Wikipedia. When you click this button, you change from viewing an article or discussion about an article, to being able to edit the article, or add comments to the discussion that is going on. <dl><dd>Occasionally, pages that are important or may be vandalized are locked, in which case the "edit" will show "view source", and you will not be able to edit the article at that time.</dd> <dd>Page editing is simple with Wikipedia, and you cannot harm a page if you make a mistake, since all changes can be undone. This is part of Wikipedia's vandal protection.</dd></dl></li> <li>"new section" - adds a new section to a discussion page, without changing what is already there.</li> <li>history - All editable pages on Wikipedia have an associated page history, which consists of the old versions of the wikitext, as well as a record of the date and time (in UTC) of every edit, the username or IP address of the user who wrote it, and their edit summary. See <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">Help:Page history</a> for details.</li> <li>watch/unwatch - adds or removes a page from your watchlist, the list of pages you are tracking. You can view your watchlist with the user option button "my watchlist" at the top right of the screen. See <a href="/wiki/Help:Watching_pages" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Watching pages">Help:Watching pages</a> for details. As it allows you to track changes to a given topic, it will keep you up to date on subjects of interest to you. You can also add category pages and portals to your watchlist to save for future research or to identify areas that you wish these articles covered more closely. Adding such pages to your watchlist will alert you to any changes. While many of these category pages and portals will feature changes less often than other articles, they offer a chance to gain additional information from previous versions. Adding these pages to your watchlist gives you a chance to view all topics associated with your initial area of interest to get a better sense of key aspects to pursue in your research moving forward. This will enable you to maximize the research you are able to accomplish with Wikipedia as well as to better locate materials that may prove useful later in your investigations to a given topic, as you look to expand the scope of information you are seeking.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Using_the_search_box_to_navigate" data-mw-thread-id="h-Using_the_search_box_to_navigate"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Using_the_search_box_to_navigate"></span>Using the search box to navigate<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Using_the_search_box_to_navigate"></span></h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Help:Searching#Custom_search_boxes" title="Help:Searching">Help:Searching § Custom search boxes</a></div> <p>While typing into the <a href="/wiki/Help:Searching#Search_box" title="Help:Searching">search box</a> to navigate, the <a href="/wiki/Drop-down_list" title="Drop-down list">drop-down list</a> of suggestions that occur while you type are guaranteed to be page names. You can also use the mouse or the arrow keys to access that selection, or use the list for spelling and identification purposes. The navigation tactic that does not need the mouse is the search box, and it works similar to how you <a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">markup links</a>. (To move the cursor to the search box, use the <span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1249182868">.mw-parser-output .keyboard-key{border:1px solid #aaa;border-radius:0.2em;box-shadow:0.1em 0.1em 0.2em rgba(0,0,0,0.1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0),var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa),var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0));color:var(--color-base,#202122);padding:0.1em 0.3em;font-family:inherit;font-size:0.85em}</style><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">F</kbd> access key</span>, typically <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868" /><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⇧ Shift</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">F</kbd> depending on the operating system and browser. See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Keyboard_shortcuts" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Keyboard shortcuts">WP:Keyboard shortcuts</a>.) </p><p>Basically, to use the search box to navigate directly to a page or section of a <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_name" title="Help:Page name">page name</a>: </p> <ul><li>Enter the page name (the entire title shown on the top line).</li> <li>Enter the <a href="/wiki/Help:Redirect" title="Help:Redirect">redirect</a> name, <a href="/wiki/Help:Shortcut" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Shortcut">shortcut</a> name, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NS#Pseudo-namespaces" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NS">pseudo-pagename</a>.</li> <li>Navigate to a <a href="/wiki/Help:Section" title="Help:Section">section</a> of a page by appending the "#" character, as in <b><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_name" title="Help:Page name">Page name</a>#<i>section heading</i></b>.</li> <li>Navigate directly to any of the <a href="/wiki/Help:Special_page" title="Help:Special page">special pages</a>, including those requiring a parameter to issue the report. For example, <span class="nowrap"><b>Special:Contributions/Jimbo Wales</b></span>.</li></ul> <p>(To get <a href="/wiki/H:S" class="mw-redirect" title="H:S">search results</a> instead of navigating, prepend the "~" character.) </p><p>More advanced navigating: </p> <ul><li>Enter an <a href="/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4">IPv4</a> address to go to that user's <a href="/wiki/Help:Contributions" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Contributions">contributions</a> page.</li> <li>Use <i>interlanguage</i> prefixes to navigate directly to a page on another Wikipedia. For example, <b>fr:Wikipedia:Principes fondateurs</b> goes to the French version of Wikipedia's <i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PILLARS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PILLARS">Five pillars</a></i>.</li> <li>Use <i>interwiki</i> prefixes to a navigate directly to a page on a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SISTER" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SISTER">sister project</a>. For example, to use Wiktionary to find the definition of the word <i>foundation</i>, type <b>wikt:foundation</b>.</li> <li>Other Wikipedias have the same sister projects, so to go to the French definition of <i>fondateurs</i>, type <b>fr:wikt:fondateurs</b>.</li></ul> <p>For a list of prefixes, and more examples of navigation from the search box, see <i><a href="/wiki/Help:Interwiki_linking" title="Help:Interwiki linking">Help:Interwiki linking</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">Help:Interlanguage links</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Help:Interwikimedia_links" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Interwikimedia links">Help:Interwikimedia links</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Using_Wikipedia_to_locate_information_elsewhere" data-mw-thread-id="h-Using_Wikipedia_to_locate_information_elsewhere"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Using_Wikipedia_to_locate_information_elsewhere"></span>Using Wikipedia to locate information elsewhere<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Using_Wikipedia_to_locate_information_elsewhere"></span></h2></div> <p>One of Wikipedia's strengths is in its ability to provide a clear and detailed overviews of issues related to different subjects. Not only is this information useful for conducting research and typically backed up by citations, but also, Wikipedia's content can be used to locate additional information on other sites. In addition to searching the citations for useful resources, the information found there can be used to gain additional information. By examining the publications, like journal titles, you may have a better idea of publications that deal in this subject matter or encounter names of researchers who have pronounced roles within the position. </p><p>Additionally, determining where the articles you have been focusing on sit within Wikipedia's organizational schemes, you can use related topics to glean further information. The organizational structure offers ways to easily identify broader or similar topics. By using the organizational schemes to see related topics, you can expand your search to include additional topics and gain deeper information on your subject of interest. </p><p>Many sources cited are from larger works that encompass more than the particular topic they were used to cite. In this way, they can contribute to your research by offering expanded and additional information about the topics you are interested in. Many of these sources can be located using the tools and strategies available on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Find_your_source" title="Wikipedia:Find your source">Find Your Source</a> page of Wikipedia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Navigation_template" title="Wikipedia:Navigation template">Wikipedia:Navigation template</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Basic_information_on_Wikipedia_-_(Search)778" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Basic_information" title="Template:Basic information"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Basic_information" title="Template talk:Basic information"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Basic_information" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Basic information"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Basic_information_on_Wikipedia_-_(Search)778" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_basic_information" title="Category:Wikipedia basic information">Basic information on Wikipedia</a> - (<a href="/wiki/Help:Searching#Custom_search_boxes" title="Help:Searching">Search</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Help:Contents">Help</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Help:Directory" title="Help:Directory">directory</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Help:Menu" title="Help:Menu">menu</a></b></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Teahouse" title="Wikipedia:Teahouse">Teahouse</a></b> (interactive help for new editors)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reader%27s_index_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Reader's index to Wikipedia">Readers' index to Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Statistics" title="Wikipedia:Statistics">Statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administration" title="Wikipedia:Administration">Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Index">FAQs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Purpose" title="Wikipedia:Purpose">Purpose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Who_writes_Wikipedia%3F" title="Wikipedia:Who writes Wikipedia?">Who writes Wikipedia?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Formal_organization" title="Wikipedia:Formal organization">Organization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Censorship" title="Help:Censorship">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_in_brief" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia in brief">In brief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" title="Wikipedia:General disclaimer">General disclaimer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Readers" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Readers">Readers' FAQ</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Student_help" title="Help:Student help">Student help</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Searching" title="Help:Searching">Searching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Viewing_media" title="Help:Viewing media">Viewing media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">Help</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Mobile_access" title="Help:Mobile access">Mobile access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Advice_for_parents" title="Wikipedia:Advice for parents">Parental advice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Other_languages" title="Help:Other languages">Other languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Researching_with_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Researching with Wikipedia">Researching with Wikipedia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Citing Wikipedia">Citing Wikipedia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Copyright" title="Help:Copyright">Copyright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contributing_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Contributing to Wikipedia">Introductions<br />to contributing </a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Help:Introduction">Main introduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Getting_started" title="Help:Getting started">List of tutorials and introductions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_answer_to_life,_the_universe,_and_everything" title="Wikipedia:The answer to life, the universe, and everything">The answer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Dos and don'ts">Dos and don'ts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Learning_the_ropes" title="Wikipedia:Learning the ropes">Learning the ropes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoiding_common_mistakes" title="Wikipedia:Avoiding common mistakes">Common mistakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:A_primer_for_newcomers" title="Wikipedia:A primer for newcomers">Newcomer primer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_ruleset" title="Wikipedia:Simplified ruleset">Simplified ruleset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual">The "Missing Manual"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Your_first_article" title="Help:Your first article">Your first article</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">Wizard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guidance_for_younger_editors" title="Wikipedia:Guidance for younger editors">Young Wikipedians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Adventure" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Adventure">The Wikipedia Adventure</a></li> <li>Accounts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Why_create_an_account%3F" title="Wikipedia:Why create an account?">Why create an account?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Logging_in" title="Help:Logging in">Logging in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Email_confirmation" title="Help:Email confirmation">Email confirmation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_toolbar" title="Help:Edit toolbar">Toolbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_conflict" title="Help:Edit conflict">Conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor">VisualEditor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User_guide" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User guide">User guide</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Pillars, policies<br /> and guidelines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Five_pillars" title="Wikipedia:Five pillars">Five pillars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style">Simplified</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etiquette" title="Wikipedia:Etiquette">Etiquette</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Expectations_and_norms_of_the_Wikipedia_community" title="Wikipedia:Expectations and norms of the Wikipedia community">Expectations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Editorial_oversight_and_control" title="Wikipedia:Editorial oversight and control">Oversight</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Principles" title="Wikipedia:Principles">Principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">Ignore all rules</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_rules_are_principles" title="Wikipedia:The rules are principles">The rules are principles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Core_content_policies" title="Wikipedia:Core content policies">Core content policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:List of policies and guidelines">Policies and guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vandalism" title="Wikipedia:Vandalism">Vandalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_appealing_blocks" title="Wikipedia:Guide to appealing blocks">Appealing blocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">What Wikipedia is not</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Questions" title="Wikipedia:Questions">Getting help</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Menu" title="Help:Menu">Help menu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_Desk" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Reference Desk">Reference Desk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Request_directory" title="Wikipedia:Request directory">Requests for help</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Dispute_resolution_requests" title="Wikipedia:Dispute resolution requests">Disputes resolution requests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC" title="Wikipedia:IRC">IRC live chat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial" title="Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial">Tutorial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="Wikipedia:Contact us">Contact us</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_community" title="Wikipedia community">Wikipedia community</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Department_directory" title="Wikipedia:Department directory">Departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Meetup" title="Wikipedia:Meetup">Meetups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProjects" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProjects">WikiProjects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Guide#What_is_a_WikiProject?" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Guide">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2013-04-01/WikiProject_report" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2013-04-01/WikiProject report">FAQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump" title="Wikipedia:Village pump">Village pump</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(policy)" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (policy)">policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(technical)" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)">technical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(proposals)" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)">proposals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(idea_lab)" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (idea lab)">idea lab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(WMF)" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (WMF)">wikimedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(miscellaneous)" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (miscellaneous)">misc</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:News" title="Wikipedia:News">Newsletters</a>: <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost">Signpost</a></i></li> <li><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/The_Wikipedia_Library/Newsletter" class="extiw" title="metawiki:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter">Library Newsletter</a></li> <li><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/GLAM/Newsletter" class="extiw" title="meta:GLAM/Newsletter"> GLAM Newsletter</a></li></ul></li> <li>Informational: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="Wikipedia:Community portal">Community portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Dashboard" title="Wikipedia:Dashboard">Dashboard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Noticeboards" title="Wikipedia:Noticeboards">Noticeboards</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Maintenance" title="Wikipedia:Maintenance">Maintenance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Task_Center" title="Wikipedia:Task Center">Task Center</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Essays" title="Wikipedia:Essays">Essays</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Open_letters" title="Wikipedia:Open letters">Open letters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">Sourcing</a> <br />and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">referencing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library/Research_desk" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library/Research desk">Research desk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Wikipedia Library</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Resource_Exchange/Resource_Request" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Resource Exchange/Resource Request">Request Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library/Free_resources" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library/Free resources">Free resources</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/">Request access to major databases</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Resource_Exchange" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Resource Exchange">WikiProject Resource Exchange</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Resource_Exchange/Shared_Resources" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Resource Exchange/Shared Resources">Shared resources</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Guidelines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Find_sources" title="Help:Find sources">Finding sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Combining_sources" title="Wikipedia:Combining sources">Combining sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">Referencing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citations_quick_reference" title="Help:Citations quick reference">Citations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Citation templates">Citation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Footnotes" title="Help:Footnotes">Footnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:References_and_page_numbers" title="Help:References and page numbers">Page numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors" title="Help:Cite errors">Cite errors</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_how-to" title="Category:Wikipedia how-to">How-to guides</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_information_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia information pages">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools">Tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Infobox" title="Help:Infobox">Infoboxes</a></li> <li><a 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