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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>로그인</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="더 많은 옵션" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="개인 도구" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">개인 도구</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="사용자 메뉴" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko"><span>기부</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EB%B8%8C%EB%A0%88%ED%84%B4%EC%9A%B0%EC%A6%88+%EC%B2%B4%EC%A0%9C" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>계정 만들기</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EB%B8%8C%EB%A0%88%ED%84%B4%EC%9A%B0%EC%A6%88+%EC%B2%B4%EC%A0%9C" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-주요_내용" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#주요_내용"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>주요 내용</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-주요_내용-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-달러_위기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#달러_위기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>달러 위기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-달러_위기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-붕괴" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#붕괴"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>붕괴</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-붕괴-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-붕괴_후_세계경제_동향" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#붕괴_후_세계경제_동향"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>붕괴 후 세계경제 동향</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-붕괴_후_세계경제_동향-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-신_브레튼_우즈_체제_등장" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#신_브레튼_우즈_체제_등장"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>신 브레튼 우즈 체제 등장</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-신_브레튼_우즈_체제_등장-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-해석" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#해석"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>해석</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-해석-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-같이_보기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#같이_보기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>같이 보기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-같이_보기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">브레턴우즈 체제</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 56개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bretton-Woods-System" title="Bretton-Woods-System – 독일어(스위스)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Bretton-Woods-System" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="독일어(스위스)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B2" title="بريتون وودز – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بريتون وودز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bretton-Vuds_sistemi" title="Bretton-Vuds sistemi – 아제르바이잔어" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bretton-Vuds sistemi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="아제르바이잔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B2_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%DB%8C" title="برتون وودز سیستمی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="برتون وودز سیستمی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD-%D0%A3%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Бретън-Удска система – 불가리아어" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бретън-Удска система" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="불가리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emglevio%C3%B9_Bretton_Woods" title="Emglevioù Bretton Woods – 브르타뉴어" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Emglevioù Bretton Woods" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="브르타뉴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sporazum_iz_Bretton_Woodsa" title="Sporazum iz Bretton Woodsa – 보스니아어" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sporazum iz Bretton Woodsa" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="보스니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acords_de_Bretton_Woods" title="Acords de Bretton Woods – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Acords de Bretton Woods" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brettonwoodsk%C3%BD_syst%C3%A9m" title="Brettonwoodský systém – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Brettonwoodský systém" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Бреттон-Вудс системи – 추바시어" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Бреттон-Вудс системи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="추바시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bretton_Woods-systemet" title="Bretton Woods-systemet – 덴마크어" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bretton Woods-systemet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="덴마크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bretton-Woods-System" title="Bretton-Woods-System – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bretton-Woods-System" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%9C%CF%80%CF%81%CE%AD%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%82" title="Σύστημα ισοτιμιών Μπρέτον Γουντς – 그리스어" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σύστημα ισοτιμιών Μπρέτον Γουντς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="그리스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bretton_Woods_system" title="Bretton Woods system – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bretton Woods system" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomia_Modelo_de_Bretton_Woods" title="Ekonomia Modelo de Bretton Woods – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ekonomia Modelo de Bretton Woods" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acuerdos_de_Bretton_Woods" title="Acuerdos de Bretton Woods – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Acuerdos de Bretton Woods" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bretton_Woodsi_institutsioonid" title="Bretton Woodsi institutsioonid – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bretton Woodsi institutsioonid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bretton_Woodseko_batzarra" title="Bretton Woodseko batzarra – 바스크어" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bretton Woodseko batzarra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="바스크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B2" title="سیستم برتون وودز – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیستم برتون وودز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bretton_Woodsin_j%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4" title="Bretton Woodsin järjestelmä – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bretton Woodsin järjestelmä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accords_de_Bretton_Woods" title="Accords de Bretton Woods – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Accords de Bretton Woods" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3ras_Bretton_Woods" title="Córas Bretton Woods – 아일랜드어" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Córas Bretton Woods" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="아일랜드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%9B%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F-%D7%95%D7%95%D7%93%D7%A1" title="הסכם ברטון-וודס – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הסכם ברטון-וודס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brettonwoodski_sustav" title="Brettonwoodski sustav – 크로아티아어" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Brettonwoodski sustav" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bretton_Woods-i_rendszer" title="Bretton Woods-i rendszer – 헝가리어" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bretton Woods-i rendszer" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="헝가리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6-%D5%8E%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A4%D5%BD%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3" title="Բրետոն-Վուդսյան համակարգ – 아르메니아어" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բրետոն-Վուդսյան համակարգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="아르메니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_Bretton_Woods" title="Sistem Bretton Woods – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sistem Bretton Woods" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bretton_Woods-kerfi%C3%B0" title="Bretton Woods-kerfið – 아이슬란드어" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bretton Woods-kerfið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="아이슬란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accordi_di_Bretton_Woods" title="Accordi di Bretton Woods – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Accordi di Bretton Woods" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%AC%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%83%83%E3%82%BA%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="ブレトン・ウッズ協定 – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブレトン・ウッズ協定" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C-%E1%83%95%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="ბრეტონ-ვუდსის სისტემა – 조지아어" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბრეტონ-ვუდსის სისტემა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="조지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%81_%D0%96%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Бреттон-Вудс Жүйесі – 카자흐어" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бреттон-Вудс Жүйесі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="카자흐어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breton_Vudso_sistema" title="Breton Vudso sistema – 리투아니아어" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Breton Vudso sistema" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="리투아니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bretonvudsas_sist%C4%93ma" title="Bretonvudsas sistēma – 라트비아어" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bretonvudsas sistēma" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="라트비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Бретонвудски систем – 마케도니아어" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бретонвудски систем" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="마케도니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_Bretton_Woods" title="Sistem Bretton Woods – 말레이어" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sistem Bretton Woods" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="말레이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systeem_van_Bretton_Woods" title="Systeem van Bretton Woods – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Systeem van Bretton Woods" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bretton_Woods-systemet" title="Bretton Woods-systemet – 노르웨이어(니노르스크)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bretton Woods-systemet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(니노르스크)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bretton_Woods-systemet" title="Bretton Woods-systemet – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bretton Woods-systemet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ac%C3%B2rdis_de_Bretton_Woods" title="Acòrdis de Bretton Woods – 오크어" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Acòrdis de Bretton Woods" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="오크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_z_Bretton_Woods" title="System z Bretton Woods – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="System z Bretton Woods" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acordos_de_Bretton_Woods" title="Acordos de Bretton Woods – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Acordos de Bretton Woods" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemul_Bretton_Woods" title="Sistemul Bretton Woods – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sistemul Bretton Woods" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Бреттон-Вудская система – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бреттон-Вудская система" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bretton_Woods" title="Bretton Woods – 세르비아-크로아티아어" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bretton Woods" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="세르비아-크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bretton_Woods_system" title="Bretton Woods system – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bretton Woods system" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brettonwoodsk%C3%A1_menov%C3%A1_s%C3%BAstava" title="Brettonwoodská menová sústava – 슬로바키아어" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Brettonwoodská menová sústava" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="슬로바키아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Бретонвудски споразум – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бретонвудски споразум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bretton_Woodssystemet" title="Bretton Woodssystemet – 스웨덴어" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bretton Woodssystemet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="스웨덴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88" title="பிரெட்டன் வுட்சு முறைமை – 타밀어" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரெட்டன் வுட்சு முறைமை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="타밀어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="ระบบเบรตตันวูดส์ – 태국어" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ระบบเบรตตันวูดส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="태국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bretton_Woods_Anla%C5%9Fmas%C4%B1" title="Bretton Woods Anlaşması – 터키어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bretton Woods Anlaşması" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="터키어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Бреттон-Вудська система – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бреттон-Вудська система" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%87_th%E1%BB%91ng_Bretton_Woods" title="Hệ thống Bretton Woods – 베트남어" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hệ thống Bretton Woods" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="베트남어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistinme_Burton-Bw%C3%A8s_po_les_manoyes" title="Sistinme Burton-Bwès po les manoyes – 왈론어" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Sistinme Burton-Bwès po les manoyes" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="왈론어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%9B%B7%E9%A1%BF%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB" title="布雷顿森林体系 – 중국어" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="布雷顿森林体系" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="중국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="보이기"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">보이기</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ko" dir="ltr"><p><span class="nowrap"></span> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Mount_Washington_Hotel_2003.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Mount_Washington_Hotel_2003.JPG/220px-Mount_Washington_Hotel_2003.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Mount_Washington_Hotel_2003.JPG/330px-Mount_Washington_Hotel_2003.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Mount_Washington_Hotel_2003.JPG/440px-Mount_Washington_Hotel_2003.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b>브레턴우즈 체제</b>( - 體制, <span style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4" title="영어">영어</a>: </span><span lang="en">Bretton Woods system</span>, <b>BWS</b>)는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B8%8C%EB%A0%88%ED%84%B4%EC%9A%B0%EC%A6%88_%ED%9A%8C%EC%9D%98" title="브레턴우즈 회의">브레턴우즈 회의</a>에 따라 구축된 국제 통화 체제이다. <a href="/wiki/2%EC%B0%A8_%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%EB%8C%80%EC%A0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="2차 세계대전">2차 세계대전</a> 종전 직전인 1944년 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD" title="미국">미국</a> <a href="/wiki/%EB%89%B4%ED%96%84%ED%94%84%EC%85%94%EC%A3%BC" title="뉴햄프셔주">뉴햄프셔주</a> <a href="/wiki/%EB%B8%8C%EB%A0%88%ED%84%B4%EC%9A%B0%EC%A6%88" title="브레턴우즈">브레턴우즈</a>에서 열린 44개국이 참가한 연합국 통화 금융 회의에서 탄생되었다. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="주요_내용"><span id=".EC.A3.BC.EC.9A.94_.EB.82.B4.EC.9A.A9"></span>주요 내용</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B8%8C%EB%A0%88%ED%84%B4%EC%9A%B0%EC%A6%88_%EC%B2%B4%EC%A0%9C&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 주요 내용"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>협정에 따라 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C%ED%86%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B8%B0%EA%B8%88" class="mw-redirect" title="국제통화기금">국제통화기금</a>(IMF)과 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C%EB%B6%80%ED%9D%A5%EA%B0%9C%EB%B0%9C%EC%9D%80%ED%96%89" title="국제부흥개발은행">국제부흥개발은행</a>(IBRD)이 설립되었다. 통화 가치 안정, 무역 진흥, 개발 도상국 지원을 목적으로 하며 환율을 안정시키는 것이 주요한 목표였다. </p> <ul><li>미국 달러화를 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%B6%95_%ED%86%B5%ED%99%94" title="기축 통화">기축 통화</a>로 하는 금환본위제도의 실시 : 금 1온스를 35달러로 고정시키고, 그 외에 다른 나라의 통화는 달러에 고정.</li> <li>조정가능한 고정환율 제도의 실시 : 원칙적으로는 상하 1% 범위 내에서 조정이 가능하며, 국제수지의 근본적인 불균형(fundamental disequilibrium)이 있는 경우에만 예외적으로 그 이상의 변동을 허용.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EB%B3%84%EC%9D%B8%EC%B6%9C%EA%B6%8C" title="특별인출권">특별인출권</a>의 창출</li> <li>1930년대 이래의 각국통화가치 불안정, 외환관리, 평가절하경쟁, 무역거래제한 등을 시정하여 국제무역의 확대, 고용 및 실질소득증대, 외환의 안정과 자유화, 국제수지 균형등을 달성할 것을 목적으로 체결.</li> <li>각국에 필요한 외화를 공급하는 국제통화기금(IMF)과, 전후부흥과 후진국개발을 위한 국제부흥개발은행(IBRD)을 창설.</li> <li>1971년 12월 윌스미스협정으로 이행하여 변질된 형태로나마 이어지던 브레튼 우즈 체제는 1973년 초 주요국이 환율을 유동화시킴으로써 IMF 체제는 브레튼 우즈 체제가 갖추었던 금환본위제라는 양대기본개념이 크게 변질된 새로운 국제통화제도로 모습을 바꾸었다.</li></ul> <p>이 체제가 지속되는 동안 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C1%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84" title="제1세계">제1세계</a> 국가들은 자유무역을 기반으로 기록적인 고도성장을 이루었다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="달러_위기"><span id=".EB.8B.AC.EB.9F.AC_.EC.9C.84.EA.B8.B0"></span>달러 위기</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B8%8C%EB%A0%88%ED%84%B4%EC%9A%B0%EC%A6%88_%EC%B2%B4%EC%A0%9C&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 달러 위기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C2%EC%B0%A8_%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84_%EB%8C%80%EC%A0%84" title="제2차 세계 대전">제2차 세계 대전</a> 후 피폐된 서구 각국에 대해 압도적인 금보유를 배경으로 한 미국 달러는 절대적 우위를 차지했고 국제경제상 커다란 지위를 차지하는 한편 IMF 체제 아래서도 달러는 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%88" title="금">금</a>의 대리(代理)라는 탁월한 지위를 인정받아 왔다. 또한 미국 달러는 전후 유럽, 일본 등의 부흥, 나아가서는 대한민국에 대한 원조 등 자유세계의 번영기금으로 천문학적인 금액이 투하되었다. 그러나 1950년대 말부터 서구의 눈부신 경제성장에 비해 미국경제는 정체하고 국제수지도 만성적이고 대폭적인 적자를 누적시켜 금 준비와 대외 단기달러채무 잔고의 비율이 악화되기 시작했다. 이렇게 비롯된 달러의 지위 동요는 <a href="/wiki/1960%EB%85%84" title="1960년">1960년</a> 가을에 표면화되어 그 후 이런 경향은 만성화되고 심각화되어 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%88%EC%9C%B5_%EC%9C%84%EA%B8%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="금융 위기">금융 위기</a>인 <b>달러 위기</b>(dollar 危機)로 이어졌다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="붕괴"><span id=".EB.B6.95.EA.B4.B4"></span>붕괴</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B8%8C%EB%A0%88%ED%84%B4%EC%9A%B0%EC%A6%88_%EC%B2%B4%EC%A0%9C&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 붕괴"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%ED%8A%B8%EB%82%A8_%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81" title="베트남 전쟁">베트남 전쟁</a> 등으로 인한 미국의 국제수지 적자가 발생하고, 전비조달을 위한 통화량 증가에 의한 인플레이션으로 인해 달러 가치가 급락하자 일부 국가들이 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%88%ED%83%9C%ED%99%98" class="mw-redirect" title="금태환">금태환</a>을 요구하였고, 결국 금태환 정지선언인 <a href="/wiki/1971%EB%85%84" title="1971년">1971년</a>의 8·15 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%89%EC%8A%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="닉슨">닉슨</a> <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%89%EC%8A%A8_%EC%87%BC%ED%81%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="닉슨 쇼크">조치</a>는 이런 달러위기의 타개를 꾀하는 것으로 받아들여지나 이 조치에 따라 브레튼 우즈 체제가 붕괴, 국제 통화제도는 혼란에 빠지고 세계무역은 축소화의 경향을 지지게 되며 한편 후진국에는 악영향을 주었다. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4_%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%80" title="로베르 트리핀">로베르 트리핀</a>은 금본위제도가 유동성 문제와 신뢰성 문제라는 양자의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%9C%EB%A0%88%EB%A7%88" title="딜레마">딜레마</a>속에서 무너질 수밖에 없는 체제였다고 지적한 바 있다. 유동성 문제란 세계 경제의 발전과 함께 달러의 수요는 많아지나, 금의 생산량은 제한적이므로 발생하는 문제이다. 만약 유동성 문제를 해결하기 위해 달러의 공급을 증가시킨다면 달러 가치에 대한 신뢰성이 하락하는 문제가 발생하는 딜레마에 봉착한다는 것이다. </p><p>금환본위제는 국제수지 자동조절기능의 약화와 통화팽창 가능성이란 약점때문에 1929년 대공황을 계기로 1931년 붕괴하게 된다. 따라서 이때의 무역정책을 보면 강력한 보호무역조치가 만연하는 경향이 나타났었다. 특히 1930년대의 세계대공황은 국제통화질서를 회복하기 어려운 결정타를 가하였다. 주식시장의 붕괴는 급속히 전 세계로 확대되어 유럽각자의 연쇄적인 파산을 불러일으켰고, 그 후 미국마저 달러화의 평가절하를 단행하여 주요선진국은 일시적인 변동환율을 채택하게 되었다. 여기서 금본위제도는 붕괴되고 말았다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="붕괴_후_세계경제_동향"><span id=".EB.B6.95.EA.B4.B4_.ED.9B.84_.EC.84.B8.EA.B3.84.EA.B2.BD.EC.A0.9C_.EB.8F.99.ED.96.A5"></span>붕괴 후 세계경제 동향</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B8%8C%EB%A0%88%ED%84%B4%EC%9A%B0%EC%A6%88_%EC%B2%B4%EC%A0%9C&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: 붕괴 후 세계경제 동향"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>금본위제가 붕괴 한 후, 세계경제는 걷잡을 수 없는 혼란에 빠졌다. 우선 각국이 보호주의를 강력히 추구하여 관세장벽을 높여가는 한편, 수입할당제, 수입허가세 등 비관세 수단에 의해 무역규제도 나타나게 되었다. 뿐만 아니라 경쟁적인 평가절하가 만연됐으며, 대영제국, 스칸디나비아, 포르투갈, 일본을 중심으로 하는 파운드 블록, 북중남미국가를 중심으로 한 달러블록과 같은 블록들이 형성되었다. 그 결과 자유무역은 자취를 감추고 자유무역원리와 금본위제에 뒷받침을 받았던 20세기 경제질서는 완전히 붕괴되었다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="신_브레튼_우즈_체제_등장"><span id=".EC.8B.A0_.EB.B8.8C.EB.A0.88.ED.8A.BC_.EC.9A.B0.EC.A6.88_.EC.B2.B4.EC.A0.9C_.EB.93.B1.EC.9E.A5"></span>신 브레튼 우즈 체제 등장</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B8%8C%EB%A0%88%ED%84%B4%EC%9A%B0%EC%A6%88_%EC%B2%B4%EC%A0%9C&action=edit&section=5" title="부분 편집: 신 브레튼 우즈 체제 등장"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>신 브레튼 우즈 체제는 아직 실체가 없는 시스템이다. 물론 신 브레튼 우즈 체제에 대한 논의가 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD%EC%97%B0%ED%95%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="유럽연합">유럽연합</a>을 중심으로 진행되고 있고, 그 중심에 당시 유럽연합 순회의장국인 프랑스의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%88%EC%BD%9C%EB%9D%BC_%EC%82%AC%EB%A5%B4%EC%BD%94%EC%A7%80" title="니콜라 사르코지">사르코지</a>가 있다. 신체제의 창설을 처음 제안했던 쪽은 영국의 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%93%A0_%EB%B8%8C%EB%9D%BC%EC%9A%B4" title="고든 브라운">고든 브라운</a> 총리였다. 브라운 총리의 제안은 첫째, 금융위기 정보시스템, 둘째, 세계 30위권 금융기관에 대한 감독강화였다.</li> <li>미국 워싱턴에서 'G20' 긴급정상회의가 열렸으나, 규제감독 강화와 경기부양에 관한 원칙에는 합의를 봤으나 초국가적 금융감독기구 창설에 대해서는 합의를 이루지 못했다.</li> <li>신 브레튼우즈 체제 대립구조 : 먼저 유럽연합 속에서는 긍정적인 측면에서 활발한 논의가 벌어지지만, 미국 쪽에서는 미국의 세계금융주도권이 약해질 수 있다는 주장 아래 서로간의 이해관계가 충돌하고 있다.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="해석"><span id=".ED.95.B4.EC.84.9D"></span>해석</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B8%8C%EB%A0%88%ED%84%B4%EC%9A%B0%EC%A6%88_%EC%B2%B4%EC%A0%9C&action=edit&section=6" title="부분 편집: 해석"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%BC%ED%84%B0_%EC%9E%90%EC%9D%B4%ED%95%9C" title="피터 자이한">피터 자이한</a>은 그의 저서 <21세기 미국의 패권과 지정학>에서 브레튼 우즈 체제의 본질은 미국이 소련에 대항하기 위한 안보동맹 차원에서 이해해야 한다고 주장한다. 이 안보동맹으로 미국은 반공산주의 진영을 세워 세계의 보안관 역할을 30년 동안 해왔으며 이 체제의 종식으로 자유무역에서 보호무역으로 미국이 입장을 바꿨다고 주장한다.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="같이_보기"><span id=".EA.B0.99.EC.9D.B4_.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0"></span>같이 보기</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B8%8C%EB%A0%88%ED%84%B4%EC%9A%B0%EC%A6%88_%EC%B2%B4%EC%A0%9C&action=edit&section=7" title="부분 편집: 같이 보기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%88%EB%B3%B8%EC%9C%84%EC%A0%9C" title="금본위제">금본위제</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EB%AF%B8%EC%86%8C%EB%8B%88%EC%96%B8_%ED%98%91%EC%A0%95" title="스미소니언 협정">스미소니언 협정</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%82%B9%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B4_%EC%B2%B4%EC%A0%9C" title="킹스턴 체제">킹스턴 체제</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C%ED%86%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B8%B0%EA%B8%88" class="mw-redirect" title="국제통화기금">국제통화기금</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8C%8D%EC%8A%A4%EB%8B%AC%EB%9F%AC%EB%A6%AC%EC%9B%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="팍스달러리움 (없는 문서)">팍스달러리움</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C%EB%B6%80%ED%9D%A5%EA%B0%9C%EB%B0%9C%EC%9D%80%ED%96%89" title="국제부흥개발은행">국제부흥개발은행</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%88%EC%9C%B5_%EC%9C%84%EA%B8%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="금융 위기">금융 위기</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B8%8C%EB%A0%88%ED%84%B4%EC%9A%B0%EC%A6%88_%EC%B2%B4%EC%A0%9C&action=edit&section=8" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r35556958">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.naver.com/yoology/221360894199">“21세기 미국의 패권과 지정학(피터 자이한)-망조로 접어든 한국”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 2022년 6월 13일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=21%EC%84%B8%EA%B8%B0+%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98+%ED%8C%A8%EA%B6%8C%EA%B3%BC+%EC%A7%80%EC%A0%95%ED%95%99%28%ED%94%BC%ED%84%B0+%EC%9E%90%EC%9D%B4%ED%95%9C%29-%EB%A7%9D%EC%A1%B0%EB%A1%9C+%EC%A0%91%EC%96%B4%EB%93%A0+%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.naver.com%2Fyoology%2F221360894199&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EB%B8%8C%EB%A0%88%ED%84%B4%EC%9A%B0%EC%A6%88+%EC%B2%B4%EC%A0%9C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div><small><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Heckert_GNU_white.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/20px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/30px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/40px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="523" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Cc.logo.circle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cc.logo.circle.svg/20px-Cc.logo.circle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cc.logo.circle.svg/30px-Cc.logo.circle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cc.logo.circle.svg/40px-Cc.logo.circle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> 이 문서에는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%9D%8C" title="다음">다음커뮤니케이션</a>(현 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%B9%B4%EC%98%A4_(%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%85)" title="카카오 (기업)">카카오</a>)에서 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="위키백과:GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a> 또는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License" title="위키백과:Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License">CC-SA</a> 라이선스로 배포한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EB%8B%A4%EC%9D%8C_%EA%B8%80%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%8C_%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%EB%8C%80%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%84" title="위키백과:다음 글로벌 세계대백과사전">글로벌 세계대백과사전</a>의 내용을 기초로 작성된 글이 포함되어 있습니다.</small></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480591">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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