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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-同認知嘅啦掕" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#同認知嘅啦掕"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>同認知嘅啦掕</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-同認知嘅啦掕-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-睇埋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#睇埋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>睇埋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-睇埋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-引咗" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引咗"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>引咗</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引咗-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目錄" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="內容一覽" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="開/收內容一覽" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">開/收內容一覽</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">情感</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="去睇另一種語文嘅文章。有140種語言版本。" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-140" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">140種語言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emosie" title="Emosie – 南非荷蘭文" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Emosie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotion" title="Emotion – 德文（瑞士）" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Emotion" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="德文（瑞士）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emoci%C3%B3n" title="Emoción – 阿拉貢文" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Emoción" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉貢文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%B1" title="شعور – 阿拉伯文" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شعور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84_(%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="انفعال (سايكولوجيا) – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="انفعال (سايكولوجيا)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A7%B1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%97" title="আৱেগ – 阿薩姆文" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="আৱেগ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿薩姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emoci%C3%B3n" title="Emoción – 阿斯圖里亞文" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Emoción" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯圖里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emosiya" title="Emosiya – 亞塞拜然文" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Emosiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="亞塞拜然文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86" title="هیجان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هیجان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эмоция – 巴什客爾文" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Эмоция" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什客爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gfui" title="Gfui – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Gfui" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jausmie" title="Jausmie – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Jausmie" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emosyon" title="Emosyon – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Emosyon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Эмоцыя – 白俄羅斯文" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эмоцыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄羅斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Эмоцыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Эмоцыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Емоция – 保加利亞文" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Емоция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="भावना – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="भावना" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%97" title="আবেগ – 孟加拉文" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আবেগ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="འདུ་ཤེས། – 藏文" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="འདུ་ཤེས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/From" title="From – 布列塔尼文" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="From" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emocija" title="Emocija – 波士尼亞文" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Emocija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波士尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emosi" title="Emosi – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Emosi" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emoci%C3%B3" title="Emoció – 加泰羅尼亞文" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Emoció" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰羅尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%ACng-g%C4%81ng" title="Cìng-gāng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cìng-gāng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Эмоци – 車臣文" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Эмоци" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="車臣文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%B5%D9%88%DA%A9%DB%86" title="کوڵوکۆ – 索拉尼庫爾德文" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کوڵوکۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="索拉尼庫爾德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emuzione" title="Emuzione – 科西嘉文" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Emuzione" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasselik" title="Hasselik – 克里米亞半島的土耳其文；克里米亞半島的塔塔爾文" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Hasselik" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亞半島的土耳其文；克里米亞半島的塔塔爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emoce" title="Emoce – 捷克文" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Emoce" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Эмоци – 楚瓦什文" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Эмоци" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emosiwn" title="Emosiwn – 威爾斯文" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Emosiwn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威爾斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B8lelse_(emotion)" title="Følelse (emotion) – 丹麥文" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Følelse (emotion)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麥文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotion" title="Emotion – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Emotion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Συναίσθημα – 希臘文" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Συναίσθημα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emosi%C3%B2un" title="Emosiòun – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Emosiòun" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotion" title="Emotion – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Emotion" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emocio" title="Emocio – 世界文" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Emocio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emoci%C3%B3n" title="Emoción – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Emoción" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotsioon" title="Emotsioon – 愛沙尼亞文" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Emotsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="愛沙尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emozio" title="Emozio – 巴斯克文" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Emozio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86" title="هیجان – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هیجان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunne" title="Tunne – 芬蘭文" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tunne" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89motion" title="Émotion – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Émotion" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emozion" title="Emozion – 弗留利文" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Emozion" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emoasje" title="Emoasje – 西弗里西亞文" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Emoasje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moth%C3%BAch%C3%A1n" title="Mothúchán – 愛爾蘭文" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mothúchán" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="愛爾蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E6%83%85" title="感情 – 贛語" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="感情" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="贛語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mosyon" title="Émosyon – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Émosyon" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emoci%C3%B3n" title="Emoción – 加里西亞文" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Emoción" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Num%E1%BB%8Dtolanm%E1%BA%B9" title="Numọtolanmẹ – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Numọtolanmẹ" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotion" title="Emotion – 豪撒文" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Emotion" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪撒文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chh%C3%ACn-si" title="Chhìn-si – 客家話" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chhìn-si" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家話" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%A9" title="רגש – 希伯來文" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רגש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97_(%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE)" title="संवेग (भावना) – 北印度文" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="संवेग (भावना)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="北印度文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhaona" title="Bhaona – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Bhaona" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emocije" title="Emocije – 克羅埃西亞文" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Emocije" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89rzelem" title="Érzelem – 匈牙利文" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Érzelem" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%A6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Հույզեր – 亞美尼亞文" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հույզեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亞美尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotion" title="Emotion – 國際文" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Emotion" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="國際文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emosi" title="Emosi – 印尼文" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Emosi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rikna" title="Rikna – 伊洛闊文" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Rikna" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛闊文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emoco" title="Emoco – 伊多文" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Emoco" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ge%C3%B0shr%C3%A6ring" title="Geðshræring – 冰島文" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Geðshræring" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰島文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emozione" title="Emozione – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Emozione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E6%83%85" title="感情 – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="感情" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imuoshan" title="Imuoshan – 牙買加克裏奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Imuoshan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克裏奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ემოცია – 喬治亞文" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ემოცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="喬治亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sezim" title="Sezim – 卡拉卡爾帕克文" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Sezim" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡爾帕克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pana" title="Pana – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Pana" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%CC%B1k_mi%CC%B1_fwuo" title="Fa̱k mi̱ fwuo – 卡塔布文" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Fa̱k mi̱ fwuo" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="卡塔布文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эмоция – 哈薩克文" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эмоция" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈薩克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86" title="ಭಾವನೆ – 坎那達文" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭಾವನೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="坎那達文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EC%84%9C" title="정서 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="정서" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB%D3%A7%D0%BC" title="Ловкылӧм – 科米-彼爾米亞克文" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Ловкылӧм" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="科米-彼爾米亞克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amovyans" title="Amovyans – 康瓦耳文" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Amovyans" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康瓦耳文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эмоция – 吉爾吉斯文" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Эмоция" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="吉爾吉斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motus_animi" title="Motus animi – 拉丁文" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Motus animi" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotie" title="Emotie – 林堡文" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Emotie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emozzion" title="Emozzion – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Emozzion" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1" title="ອາລົມ – 寮文" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ອາລົມ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="寮文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emocija" title="Emocija – 立陶宛文" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Emocija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emocijas" title="Emocijas – 拉脫維亞文" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Emocijas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脫維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fihetseham-po" title="Fihetseham-po – 馬拉加什文" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fihetseham-po" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="馬拉加什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Емоција – 馬其頓文" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Емоција" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="馬其頓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="മനോവികാരം – 馬來亞拉姆文" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മനോവികാരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="馬來亞拉姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BB_%D1%85%D3%A9%D0%B4%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB" title="Сэтгэл хөдлөл – 蒙古文" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Сэтгэл хөдлөл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emosi" title="Emosi – 馬來文" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Emosi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="馬來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eimo%C3%A7on" title="Eimoçon – 米蘭德斯文" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Eimoçon" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米蘭德斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%B6%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="ခံစားချက် – 緬甸文" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ခံစားချက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="緬甸文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86" title="هیجان – 馬贊德蘭文" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="هیجان" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="馬贊德蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotschoon" title="Emotschoon – 低地德文" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Emotschoon" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="भावना – 尼瓦爾文" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="भावना" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotie" title="Emotie – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Emotie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjensler" title="Kjensler – 耐諾斯克挪威文" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kjensler" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="耐諾斯克挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emosjon" title="Emosjon – 巴克摩挪威文" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Emosjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="巴克摩挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emocion" title="Emocion – 奧克西坦文" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Emocion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奧克西坦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currisa" title="Currisa – 奧羅莫文" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Currisa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奧羅莫文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE" title="ਵਲਵਲਾ – 旁遮普文" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਲਵਲਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emocion" title="Emocion – 帕皮阿門托文" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Emocion" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿門托文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emocja" title="Emocja – 波蘭文" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Emocja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emossion" title="Emossion – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Emossion" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7" title="ولولا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ولولا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="احساس – 普什圖文" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="احساس" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什圖文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emo%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Emoção – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Emoção" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emo%C8%9Bie" title="Emoție – 羅馬尼亞文" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Emoție" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="羅馬尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эмоция – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эмоция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Емоція – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Емоція" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эмоция – 雅庫特文" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Эмоция" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="雅庫特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emuzzioni" title="Emuzzioni – 西西里文" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Emuzzioni" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="احساس – 信德文" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="احساس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emocija" title="Emocija – 塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Emocija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%9C" title="චිත්තාවේග – 僧伽羅文" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="චිත්තාවේග" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotion" title="Emotion – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Emotion" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Em%C3%B3cia" title="Emócia – 斯洛伐克文" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Emócia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Custvo" title="Čustvo – 斯洛維尼亞文" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Čustvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛維尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dareen" title="Dareen – 索馬利文" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dareen" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索馬利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emocioni" title="Emocioni – 阿爾巴尼亞文" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Emocioni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿爾巴尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emocija" title="Emocija – 塞爾維亞文" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Emocija" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4nsla" title="Känsla – 瑞典文" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Känsla" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hisia" title="Hisia – 史瓦希里文" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Hisia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="史瓦希里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="உணர்ச்சி – 坦米爾文" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உணர்ச்சி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="坦米爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82" title="భావోద్వేగం – 泰盧固文" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="భావోద్వేగం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰盧固文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F%D2%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ҳаяҷон – 塔吉克文" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳаяҷон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C" title="อารมณ์ – 泰文" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อารมณ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damdamin" title="Damdamin – 塔加路族文" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Damdamin" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="塔加路族文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duygu" title="Duygu – 土耳其文" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Duygu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minthlaveko" title="Minthlaveko – 特松加文" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Minthlaveko" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="特松加文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%8B" title="Тойгы – 韃靼文" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тойгы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="韃靼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Емоція – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Емоція" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B0%D8%A8%DB%81" title="جذبہ – 烏都文" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جذبہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="烏都文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotsiya" title="Emotsiya – 烏茲別克文" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Emotsiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="烏茲別克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BA%A3m_x%C3%BAc" title="Cảm xúc – 越南文" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cảm xúc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balatian" title="Balatian – 瓦瑞文" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Balatian" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92" title="情緒 – 吳語" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="情緒" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吳語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ემოცია – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ემოცია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C" title="געפיל – 意第緒文" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="געפיל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第緒文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamjcingz" title="Gamjcingz – 壯文" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Gamjcingz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%83%85%E7%BB%AA" title="情绪 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="情绪" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1m-ch%C3%AAng" title="Kám-chêng – 閩南語" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kám-chêng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="閩南語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umzwelo" title="Umzwelo – 祖魯文" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umzwelo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖魯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9415#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="改跨語言拎" class="wbc-editpage">改拎</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="空間名"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F" title="睇吓內容頁[c]" accesskey="c"><span>文章</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="關於內容頁嘅討論 (無呢版)[t]" accesskey="t"><span>討論</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown 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cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">架撐</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">架撐</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">收埋</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="多啲選項" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 動作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F"><span>閱</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F&action=edit" title="改呢版嘅代碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>改</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F&action=history"><span>睇返紀錄</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 基本 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%82%8A%E5%BA%A6%E9%8F%88%E5%8E%BB%E5%91%A2%E7%89%88/%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F" title="列出所有連接過嚟呢度嘅頁面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>有乜連過嚟</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%A4%96%E9%8F%88%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9/%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F" rel="nofollow" title="由呢版連出去嘅版嘅最近修改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>連結頁嘅更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project:上載" title="上載檔案[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上載檔案</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F&oldid=2214179" title="呢版呢個修訂嘅永久網址"><span>固定連結</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F&action=info" title="多啲同呢版有拏褦嘅資料"><span>此版明細</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8&page=%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F&id=2214179&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="點樣引用呢頁嘅資訊"><span>引用呢篇文</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%2583%2585%25E6%2584%259F"><span>攞短網址</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%2583%2585%25E6%2584%259F"><span>下載QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/匯出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F&action=show-download-screen"><span>下載PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="呢一版印得嘅版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>印得嘅版本</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 第啲維基項目 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Emotion" hreflang="en"><span>維基同享</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9415" title="連到接住資料儲存庫嘅項目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>維基數據項</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="閱讀設定"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">閱讀設定</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">收埋</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出自維基百科，自由嘅百科全書</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="yue" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sixteen_faces_expressing_the_human_passions._Wellcome_L0068375_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Sixteen_faces_expressing_the_human_passions._Wellcome_L0068375_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Sixteen_faces_expressing_the_human_passions._Wellcome_L0068375_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="371" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Sixteen_faces_expressing_the_human_passions._Wellcome_L0068375_%28cropped%29.jpg/450px-Sixteen_faces_expressing_the_human_passions._Wellcome_L0068375_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Sixteen_faces_expressing_the_human_passions._Wellcome_L0068375_%28cropped%29.jpg/600px-Sixteen_faces_expressing_the_human_passions._Wellcome_L0068375_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3667" data-file-height="4539" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA" title="人">人</a>喺感受到唔同情緒嗰陣，會有唔同嘅<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E9%83%A8%E8%A1%A8%E6%83%85" title="面部表情">面部表情</a>。</figcaption></figure> <p><b>情感</b>（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B2%B5%E6%96%87%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="Wikipedia:粵文拼音">粵拼</a>：<span class="plainlinks" style="display:inline-block"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yue.forvo.com/word/yue/情感/#yue"><span><b>cing<span class="Jpingtone">4</span> gam<span class="Jpingtone">2</span></b></span></a></span>；<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87" title="英文">英文</a>：<span lang="en"><b>emotion</b></span>），又或者叫<b>情緒</b>，係對一系列<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E8%A7%80" title="主觀">主觀</a>認知經驗嘅通稱，係集合唔同<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E8%A6%BA" title="感覺">感覺</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="思想">思想</a>同埋<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA" title="行為">行為</a>產生嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="心理">心理</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="生理">生理</a>反應，譬如<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%BF%83" title="開心">開心</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B7%E5%BF%83" class="mw-redirect" title="傷心">傷心</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AC%B2" title="嬲">嬲</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%BD%E5%A5%87" title="好奇">好奇</a>等等。 </p><p>過去二十年嚟，對情緒嘅研究愈嚟愈多<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:需要日期 (無呢版)">Template:需要日期</a>，好多範疇都參與咗，包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="心理學">心理學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="醫學">醫學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="歷史">歷史</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="情緒社會學 (無呢版)">情緒社會學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="電腦科學">電腦科學</a>同埋<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="哲學">哲學</a>。好多試圖解釋情緒嘅起源、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="情緒功能 (無呢版)">情緒功能</a>同其他方面嘅嘗試，激發咗大量嘅研究。關於情緒嘅<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96" title="進化">進化</a>起源同其可能嘅用途，早喺<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%90%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87" title="查理斯·達爾文">查理斯·達爾文</a>嗰時已經有人討論。現時嘅研究領域包括情緒嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="神經科學">神經科學</a>，使用例如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%A3%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E7%99%BC%E5%B0%84%E6%96%B7%E5%B1%A4%E6%8E%83%E6%8F%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="正電子發射斷層掃描 (無呢版)">PET</a>同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%80%A7%E7%A3%81%E5%8A%9B%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="功能性磁力共振成像 (無呢版)">fMRI</a>呢啲工具去研究<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F%E5%9C%96%E7%89%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="國際情感圖片系統 (無呢版)">國際情感圖片系統</a>點樣喺<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%A6" title="腦">腦</a>入面處理情緒。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>如果用機械嘅角度嚟睇，情緒可以定義做「一個同特定<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="生理學">生理學</a>活動模式相關嘅正面或負面體驗」。<sup id="cite_ref-Schacter_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schacter-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 情緒係好複雜，涉及好多唔同嘅成分，好似主觀經歷、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%8D%E7%9F%A5" title="認知">認知</a>過程、表達行為、心理生理變化同埋工具性行為。<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 以前，學者試過用其中一個成分去定義情緒：好似<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E5%A3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威廉·詹姆士 (無呢版)">威廉·詹姆士</a>專注於主觀經歷，<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="行為主義">行為主義</a>者重視工具性行為，而<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="心理生理學">心理生理學</a>家就強調生理變化。近年，情緒被認為係由所有呢啲成分組成。唔同學術範疇會將情緒嘅成分分類得有啲唔同。喺<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="心理學">心理學</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="哲學">哲學</a>入面，情緒通常係一個<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E8%A7%80%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="主觀性">主觀</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98" title="意識">意識</a>到嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B3%AA%E6%84%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="質感 (無呢版)">質感</a>經歷，呢個經歷主要係通過<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="心理生理學">心理生理學</a>嘅表達、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%99%B3%E4%BB%A3%E8%AC%9D" title="新陳代謝">新陳代謝</a>反應同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E7%8B%80%E6%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="心理狀態 (無呢版)">心理狀態</a>嚟反映。類似嘅多成分情緒描述都可以喺<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" title="社會學">社會學</a>入面搵到。例如，Peggy Thoits就形容情緒包括生理成分、文化或者情緒標籤（例如嬲、驚訝等等）、表達性嘅身體動作同情境同環境嘅評估。<sup id="cite_ref-Thoits,_P._A._1989_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thoits,_P._A._1989-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>認知過程，例如推理同決策，通常會被認為同情緒過程分開，令「思想」同「感覺」有咗分別。不過，唔係所有嘅情緒理論都覺得呢個分離係啱嘅。<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>現時，大部分有關臨床同幸福感背景嘅情緒研究，集中喺日常生活中情緒嘅動態，主要研究情緒嘅強度同佢嘅變異性、不穩定性、慣性同區分度，亦都會探討情緒點樣互相加強或者削弱呢啲效果，仲會研究唔同人之間同壽命長度對呢啲情緒動態嘅影響。<sup id="cite_ref-EmotionDynamics_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EmotionDynamics-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Charles_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charles-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="概論"><span id=".E6.A6.82.E8.AB.96"></span>概論</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F&action=edit&section=1" title="編輯小節: 概論"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">睇埋：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="心理">心理</a></div> <p>喺<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="心理學">心理學</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9" title="定義">定義</a>上，情感可以泛指啲同<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E6%A9%9F" title="動機">動機</a>相關嘅身心狀態，每種情感都會對應某類特定嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%BA%E6%BF%80_(%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8)" title="刺激 (心理學)">刺激</a>，亦會對應某拃特定嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="生理">身</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="心理">心</a>變化，令個人有<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E6%A9%9F" title="動機">動機</a>去做某啲<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA" title="行為">行為</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。舉例說明， </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%9A" title="驚">驚</a>係種情感<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>－ </p> <ul><li><b>刺激</b>：一隻動物會驚，通常係因為<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E7%9F%A5" title="感知">感知</a>到啲危險嘢；</li> <li><b>身心變化</b>：隻動物驚，就會<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E8%B7%B3" title="心跳">心跳</a>加快同埋對<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%BC" title="眼">眼</a>擘到大一大；</li> <li><b>動機行為</b>：佢往往會<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E9%AC%A5%E5%AE%9A%E9%80%83%E8%B5%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="戰鬥定逃走">有股強嘅動力想逃走</a>，遠離令佢驚嘅刺激。</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%AD%E6%83%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="厭惡">厭惡</a>都可以想像成種情感<sup id="cite_ref-chapman2009_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chapman2009-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>： </p> <ul><li><b>刺激</b>：污糟嘢，好似係第啲動物嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%92%E6%B3%84%E7%89%A9" title="排泄物">排泄物</a>或者<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%90%E7%88%9B" title="腐爛">腐爛</a>嘅嘢呀噉；</li> <li><b>身心變化</b>：失去<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E5%98%A2" title="食嘢">食嘢</a>嘅意慾（令佢唔會食一啲接近<a href="/wiki/%E7%97%85%E5%8E%9F%E9%AB%94" title="病原體">病原體</a>嘅嘢食）、有想<a href="/wiki/%E5%98%94" title="嘔">嘔</a>嘅感覺（令佢嘔返啲可能有病原體嘅嘢食出嚟）；</li> <li><b>動機行為</b>：遠離引起厭惡感嘅物件。</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%BD%E5%A5%87" title="好奇">好奇</a>都可以想像成種情感<sup id="cite_ref-WuMiao2013_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WuMiao2013-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:Sec. 2</sup>： </p> <ul><li><b>刺激</b>：源於隻動物感知到啲<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%8D%E7%9F%A5" title="認知">認知</a>上有刺激性嘅事物；</li> <li><b>身心變化</b>：一隻動物覺得好奇嗰陣，唔會好<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%A3%93%E5%8A%9B" title="心理壓力">受壓</a>，彷彿好似件事物係一樣<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E7%8A%92%E8%B3%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="心理犒賞">犒賞</a>噉<sup id="cite_ref-Costa2014_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Costa2014-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；</li> <li><b>動機行為</b>：佢仲會有<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A2%E7%B4%A2%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="探索行為">探索行為</a>，會（例如）行埋引起佢好奇嗰件事物度，想睇清楚啲件事物。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="定義"><span id=".E5.AE.9A.E7.BE.A9"></span>定義</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F&action=edit&section=2" title="編輯小節: 定義"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lexico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lexico (無呢版)">Lexico</a>對情緒嘅定義係「源自個人環境、心情或人際關係嘅強烈<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E8%A6%BA" title="感覺">感覺</a>」。<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>情緒係對重要內部同外部事件嘅反應。<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>情緒可以係短暫發生嘅（例如<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%9A%E6%85%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="驚慌">驚慌</a>），或者係長期嘅性格傾向（例如敵意）。佢可以係短暫嘅（例如憤怒），或者係長期嘅（例如悲傷）。<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>心理治療師Michael C. Graham認為所有情緒都存在於一個強度連續體上。<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>因此，恐懼可能由輕微擔心到驚恐，羞恥可能由簡單尷尬到極度羞辱。<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>情緒被描述為由一系列協調嘅反應組成，可能包括語言、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="生理">生理</a>、行為同<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="神經系統">神經系統</a>嘅機制。<sup id="cite_ref-Fox2008_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox2008-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>情緒已經被<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="情緒分類 (無呢版)">分類</a>，當中有啲情緒之間存在關係，有啲則係直接對立。Graham將情緒區分為功能性同非功能性，並認為所有功能性情緒都有好處。<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>喺某啲用法中，情緒係指向某人或某事嘅強烈感受。<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>另一方面，情緒亦可以用來形容輕微嘅狀態（例如有啲煩或滿足），或者無特定指向嘅狀態（例如焦慮同抑鬱）。有一條研究方向係研究「情緒」呢個詞喺日常用語中嘅意思，發現日常用法同學術論述有相當大嘅分別。<sup id="cite_ref-Fehr_&_Russell_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fehr_&_Russell-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>從實際角度嚟講，<a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_E._LeDoux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph E. LeDoux (無呢版)">Joseph LeDoux</a>將情緒定義為身體系統對觸發因素作出反應後，經過認知同意識過程而產生嘅結果。<sup id="cite_ref-LeDoux_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeDoux-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="組成部分"><span id=".E7.B5.84.E6.88.90.E9.83.A8.E5.88.86"></span>組成部分</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F&action=edit&section=3" title="編輯小節: 組成部分"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>根據<a href="/w/index.php?title=Klaus_Scherer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klaus Scherer (無呢版)">Scherer</a>嘅情緒組成過程模型（CPM），<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>情緒有五個關鍵元素。從組成過程嘅角度嚟睇，情緒體驗要求所有呢啲過程喺短時間內協調同同步，由評估過程驅動。雖然將<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%8D%E7%9F%A5%E8%A9%95%E4%BC%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="認知評估 (無呢版)">認知評估</a>列為其中一個元素有啲爭議，因為有啲理論家假設情緒同<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%8D%E7%9F%A5" title="認知">認知</a>係分開但互動嘅系統，但CPM提供咗一個有效描述情緒發生過程中涉及協調嘅事件序列。 </p> <ul><li><i>認知評估</i>：對事件同物體進行評估。</li> <li><i>身體症狀</i>：情緒體驗嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="生理">生理</a>成分。</li> <li><i>行動傾向</i>：準備同引導運動反應嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E6%A9%9F" title="動機">動機</a>成分。</li> <li><i>表達</i>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E9%83%A8%E8%A1%A8%E6%83%85" title="面部表情">面部表情</a>同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E8%81%B2%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人類聲音 (無呢版)">語音</a>表達幾乎總係伴隨住情緒狀態，用嚟溝通反應同行動意圖。</li> <li><i>感覺</i>：情緒狀態發生後嘅主觀體驗。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="區分"><span id=".E5.8D.80.E5.88.86"></span>區分</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F&action=edit&section=4" title="編輯小節: 區分"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1488945/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote">睇埋：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F%E6%B8%AC%E9%87%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="情感測量 (無呢版)">情感測量 § 將情感同其他詞語區分</a></div> <p>喺<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="情感神經科學 (無呢版)">情感神經科學</a>領域中，情緒可以同幾個相似嘅概念區分開嚟：<sup id="cite_ref-Fox2008_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox2008-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>情緒：對特定刺激作出特定類型行動嘅傾向，產生一連串快速同步嘅生理同認知變化。<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E8%A6%BA" title="感覺">感覺</a>：並非所有感覺都包含情緒，例如<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E8%A6%BA#知道或唔知道" title="感覺">知道嘅感覺</a>。喺情緒嘅語境中，感覺最好理解為情緒嘅<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E8%A7%80" title="主觀">主觀</a>表現，係個人私密嘅體驗。情緒通常被描述為原始、本能嘅反應，而感覺則涉及我哋對呢啲反應嘅詮釋同意識。<sup id="cite_ref-Givens_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Givens-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:RS"><span title="喺January 2020發現呢度要參考更加好嘅來源">要更加好嘅來源</span></a>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92%EF%BC%88%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%EF%BC%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="情緒（心理學） (無呢版)">心情</a>：持續嘅情感狀態，被認為比情緒強度低，而且似乎缺乏具體嘅刺激來源。<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F%EF%BC%88%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%EF%BC%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="情感（心理學） (無呢版)">情感</a>：一個更廣泛嘅詞語，用嚟描述情緒、感覺或心情嘅情感同認知體驗。可以理解為由三個組成部分組成：情緒、心情同情感性（個人整體嘅性格或<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E8%B3%AA" title="氣質">氣質</a>，可以概括為普遍具有正面或負面嘅情感）。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="同認知嘅啦掕"><span id=".E5.90.8C.E8.AA.8D.E7.9F.A5.E5.98.85.E5.95.A6.E6.8E.95"></span>同認知嘅啦掕</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F&action=edit&section=5" title="編輯小節: 同認知嘅啦掕"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">睇埋：<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%8D%E7%9F%A5" title="認知">認知</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%8D%E7%9F%A5" title="認知">認知</a>有別於情緒，但會同情緒有所互動：傳統嚟講，啲人好多時都覺得<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92" class="mw-redirect" title="情緒">情緒</a>同認知係兩樣唔啦更嘅嘢，但近期啲嘅研究顯示，呢兩樣嘢之間有好多互動，而且情緒喺某啲情況下仲有可能會幫到個<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%8D%E7%9F%A5%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="認知系統">認知系統</a>做更加準確嘅判斷同決定，亦都有啲情況係正面嘅情緒提升一個人喺認知方面嘅表現<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="睇埋"><span id=".E7.9D.87.E5.9F.8B"></span>睇埋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F&action=edit&section=6" title="編輯小節: 睇埋"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E9%83%A8%E8%A1%A8%E6%83%85" title="面部表情">面部表情</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E8%86%9A%E9%9B%BB%E6%B4%BB%E5%8B%95" title="皮膚電活動">皮膚電活動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F%E5%90%8C%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6" title="情感同記憶">情感同記憶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BA%E7%AD%96" title="決策">決策</a></li></ul> <div style="clear: both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="引咗"><span id=".E5.BC.95.E5.92.97"></span>引咗</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F&action=edit&section=7" title="編輯小節: 引咗"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2020813">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns 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.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zit3 .hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4 .hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zit3 .hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zi6:after{clip-path:inset(0 0.14em 0 0)}.mw-parser-output a[href$=".pdf"].external>span[aria-label]>.pin1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".pdf?"].external>span[aria-label]>.pin1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".pdf#"].external>span[aria-label]>.pin1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".PDF"].external>span[aria-label]>.pin1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".PDF?"].external>span[aria-label]>.pin1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".PDF#"].external>span[aria-label]>.pin1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".pdf"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".pdf?"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".pdf#"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".PDF"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".PDF?"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".PDF#"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1{width:unset;font-size:unset}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .hai2tau4ge3.zit3 .hai2tau4ge3.zi6:after{overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .hai2tau4ge3.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zit3{clip-path:inset(0 0 0 0)}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .hai2tau4ge3.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zit3 .hai2tau4ge3.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zi6:after{clip-path:inset(0.14em 0 0 0)}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zit3 .hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zi6:after{transform:rotate(90deg)translate(-0.25em,0.5em)}.mw-parser-output .fan1gaak3+.zi6:after{clip-path:inset(0 0 0 0.1em)}.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .zoek6zung6 .zi6:after{position:absolute;align-self:baseline;margin-left:-1em}.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4 .zi6:after{padding-top:1em;content:"﹋"}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .zi6:after{content:"︳";transform-origin:bottom left;transform:rotate(90deg)translate(-0.25em,0.35em)}.mw-parser-output .zoek6zung6 .zi6:after{padding-top:0.6em;content:"·";width:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .koen1zo2,.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4-b .hoi1-adj,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4-b .hoi1-adj{margin-left:-0.4em}.mw-parser-output .koen1jau6,.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4-b .saan1-adj,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4-b .saan1-adj{margin-right:-0.4em}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b{white-space:nowrap;border-bottom:0.05em solid currentColor}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b+link+.zyun1ming4-b,.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b+.zyun1ming4-b{margin-left:0.083em}.mw-parser-output .references-small>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .references-small>ul>li{margin-left:3em;text-indent:-3em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFCacioppoGardner1999" class="citation journal cs1">Cacioppo, John T.; Gardner, Wendi L. (1999). "Emotion". <i>Annual Review of Psychology</i>. <b>50</b>: 191–214. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.psych.50.1.191">10.1146/annurev.psych.50.1.191</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (無呢版)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10074678">10074678</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Psychology&rft.atitle=Emotion&rft.volume=50&rft.pages=191-214&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.psych.50.1.191&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10074678&rft.aulast=Cacioppo&rft.aufirst=John+T.&rft.au=Gardner%2C+Wendi+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schacter-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Schacter_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="yue" dir="ltr">引用錯誤無效嘅<code><ref></code>標籤；無文字提供畀叫做<code>Schacter</code>嘅參照</span></li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0">3.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1">3.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFCabralde_Almeida2022" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cabral, J. Centurion; de Almeida, Rosa Maria Martins (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://doi.apa.org/getdoi.cfm?doi=10.1037/emo0000839">"From social status to emotions: Asymmetric contests predict emotional responses to victory and defeat"</a>. <i>Emotion</i> (英文). <b>22</b> (4): 769–779. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2Femo0000839">10.1037/emo0000839</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1931-1516">1931-1516</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (無呢版)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32628033">32628033</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=S2CID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S2CID (identifier) (無呢版)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:220371464">220371464</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emotion&rft.atitle=From+social+status+to+emotions%3A+Asymmetric+contests+predict+emotional+responses+to+victory+and+defeat.&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=769-779&rft.date=2022&rft.issn=1931-1516&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A220371464%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32628033&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2Femo0000839&rft.aulast=Cabral&rft.aufirst=J.+Centurion&rft.au=de+Almeida%2C+Rosa+Maria+Martins&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdoi.apa.org%2Fgetdoi.cfm%3Fdoi%3D10.1037%2Femo0000839&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0">4.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1">4.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFScherer2005" class="citation journal cs1">Scherer KR (2005). 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And how can they be measured?". <i>Social Science Information</i>. <b>44</b> (4): 693–727. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0539018405058216">10.1177/0539018405058216</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=S2CID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S2CID (identifier) (無呢版)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145575751">145575751</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Science+Information&rft.atitle=What+are+emotions%3F+And+how+can+they+be+measured%3F&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=693-727&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0539018405058216&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145575751%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Scherer&rft.aufirst=KR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thoits,_P._A._1989-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Thoits,_P._A._1989_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFThoits1989" class="citation journal cs1">Thoits PA (1989). "The sociology of emotions". <span class="syu1ming4-b" aria-label="《社會學年鑑》"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8%E5%B9%B4%E9%91%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社會學年鑑 (無呢版)"><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1zo2">《</span>社</span><span class="zit3">會學年鑑</span><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1jau6">》</span></span></a></span>. <b>15</b>: 317–342. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.soc.15.1.317">10.1146/annurev.soc.15.1.317</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8%E5%B9%B4%E9%91%91&rft.atitle=The+sociology+of+emotions&rft.volume=15&rft.pages=317-342&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.soc.15.1.317&rft.aulast=Thoits&rft.aufirst=PA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFBarrettMesquitaOchsnerGross2007" class="citation journal cs1">Barrett LF, Mesquita B, Ochsner KN, Gross JJ (January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1934613">"The experience of emotion"</a>. <span class="syu1ming4-b" aria-label="《心理學年鑑》"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%B9%B4%E9%91%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="心理學年鑑 (無呢版)"><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1zo2">《</span>心</span><span class="zit3">理學年鑑</span><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1jau6">》</span></span></a></span>. <b>58</b> (1): 373–403. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.psych.58.110405.085709">10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085709</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMC_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMC (identifier) (無呢版)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1934613">1934613</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (無呢版)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17002554">17002554</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%B9%B4%E9%91%91&rft.atitle=The+experience+of+emotion&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=373-403&rft.date=2007-01&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1934613%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17002554&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.psych.58.110405.085709&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=LF&rft.au=Mesquita%2C+B&rft.au=Ochsner%2C+KN&rft.au=Gross%2C+JJ&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1934613&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EmotionDynamics-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-EmotionDynamics_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFReitsema2021" class="citation journal cs1">Reitsema, A.M. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/ef6d161b-b81f-4a49-81f3-b6c5cf95c1be">"Emotion dynamics in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic and descriptive review"</a>. <i>Emotion</i>. <b>22</b> (2): 374–396. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2Femo0000970">10.1037/emo0000970</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (無呢版)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34843305">34843305</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=S2CID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S2CID (identifier) (無呢版)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:244748515">244748515</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emotion&rft.atitle=Emotion+dynamics+in+children+and+adolescents%3A+A+meta-analytic+and+descriptive+review&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=374-396&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A244748515%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34843305&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2Femo0000970&rft.aulast=Reitsema&rft.aufirst=A.M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresearch.rug.nl%2Fen%2Fpublications%2Fef6d161b-b81f-4a49-81f3-b6c5cf95c1be&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Charles-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Charles_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFCharlesCarstensen2010" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Charles, Susan T.; Carstensen, Laura L. (1 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3950961">"Social and Emotional Aging"</a>. <i>Annual Review of Psychology</i> (英文). <b>61</b> (1): 383–409. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.psych.093008.100448">10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100448</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0066-4308">0066-4308</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMC_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMC (identifier) (無呢版)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3950961">3950961</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (無呢版)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19575618">19575618</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Psychology&rft.atitle=Social+and+Emotional+Aging&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=383-409&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3950961%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0066-4308&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19575618&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.psych.093008.100448&rft.aulast=Charles&rft.aufirst=Susan+T.&rft.au=Carstensen%2C+Laura+L.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3950961&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Panksepp, J. (2004). <i>Affective neuroscience: The foundations of human and animal emotions</i>. Oxford university press. p. 9. "Our emotional feelings reflect our ability to subjectively experience certain states of the nervous system."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">LeDoux, J. E. (2012). Evolution of human emotion: a view through fear. In <i>Progress in brain research</i> (Vol. 195, pp. 431-442). Elsevier.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chapman2009-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-chapman2009_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chapman, H. A., Kim, D. A., Susskind, J. M., & Anderson, A. K. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/25471595.pdf">In bad taste: Evidence for the oral origins of moral disgust</a> (PDF). <i>Science</i>, 323(5918), 1222-1226.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Curtis, V.; Biran, A. (2001). "Dirt, disgust, and disease: Is hygiene in our genes?". <i>Perspectives in Biology and Medicine</i>. 44 (1): 17-31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WuMiao2013-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-WuMiao2013_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wu, Q., & Miao, C. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2543581.2543585?casa_token=2XNBJbn7jVgAAAAA:exKox_aUoB36iYLbPGZiHdZXUHWXX2WNXStpv0-gMdv5DuTImTGimTG3kngA8AwBqIY8sKXuaw">Curiosity: From psychology to computation</a> (PDF). <i>ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)</i>, 46(2), 1-26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Costa2014-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Costa2014_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Costa, Vincent D.; Tran, Valery L.; Turchi, Janita; Averbeck, Bruno B. (2014). "Dopamine modulates novelty seeking behavior during decision making". <i>Behavioral Neuroscience</i>. 128 (4): 556-566.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211009004612/https://www.lexico.com/definition/emotion">"Emotion | Definition of Emotion by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Emotion"</a>. <i>Lexico Dictionaries | English</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lexico.com/definition/emotion">原著</a>喺9 October 2021歸檔<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2021搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lexico+Dictionaries+%26%23124%3B+English&rft.atitle=Emotion+%26%23124%3B+Definition+of+Emotion+by+Oxford+Dictionary+on+Lexico.com+also+meaning+of+Emotion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2Femotion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Schacter, D.L., Gilbert, D.T., Wegner, D.M., & Hood, B.M. (2011). <i>Psychology</i> (European ed.). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:ISBN%3F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:ISBN? (無呢版)">Template:ISBN?</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Page%3F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Page? (無呢版)">Template:Page?</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/emotion/#DefiEmotWhatDesi">"Emotion"</a>. <i>The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i>. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 2018. 原先內容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181211114052/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/emotion/#DefiEmotWhatDesi">歸檔</a>喺11 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2018搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Emotion&rft.btitle=The+Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.pub=Metaphysics+Research+Lab%2C+Stanford+University&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Femotion%2F%23DefiEmotWhatDesi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFGraham2014" class="citation book cs1">Graham MC (2014). <i>Facts of Life: ten issues of contentment</i>. Outskirts Press. p. 63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-1478722595" title="Special:書本來源/978-1478722595"><bdi>978-1478722595</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Facts+of+Life%3A+ten+issues+of+contentment&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=Outskirts+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1478722595&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=Michael+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFGraham2014" class="citation book cs1">Graham MC (2014). <i>Facts of Life: Ten Issues of Contentment</i>. Outskirts Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-1478722595" title="Special:書本來源/978-1478722595"><bdi>978-1478722595</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Facts+of+Life%3A+Ten+Issues+of+Contentment&rft.pub=Outskirts+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1478722595&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=Michael+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fox2008-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Fox2008_20-0">20.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Fox2008_20-1">20.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFFox2008" class="citation book cs1">Fox E (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/emotionscienceco0000foxe"><i>Emotion Science: An Integration of Cognitive and Neuroscientific Approaches</i></a>. Palgrave MacMillan. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/emotionscienceco0000foxe/page/n39">16</a>–17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-0230005174" title="Special:書本來源/978-0230005174"><bdi>978-0230005174</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emotion+Science%3A+An+Integration+of+Cognitive+and+Neuroscientific+Approaches&rft.pages=16-17&rft.pub=Palgrave+MacMillan&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0230005174&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=Elaine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Femotionscienceco0000foxe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFGraham2014" class="citation book cs1">Graham MC (2014). <i>Facts of Life: ten issues of contentment</i>. Outskirts Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-1478722595" title="Special:書本來源/978-1478722595"><bdi>978-1478722595</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Facts+of+Life%3A+ten+issues+of+contentment&rft.pub=Outskirts+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1478722595&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=Michael+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_22-0">22.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_22-1">22.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Hume, D. Emotions and Moods. Organizational Behavior, 258–97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fehr_&_Russell-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Fehr_&_Russell_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFFehrRussell1984" class="citation journal cs1">Fehr B, Russell JA (1984). "Concept of Emotion Viewed from a Prototype Perspective". <i>Journal of Experimental Psychology: General</i>. <b>113</b> (3): 464–486. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2F0096-3445.113.3.464">10.1037/0096-3445.113.3.464</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=S2CID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S2CID (identifier) (無呢版)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4825988">4825988</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Experimental+Psychology%3A+General&rft.atitle=Concept+of+Emotion+Viewed+from+a+Prototype+Perspective&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=464-486&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2F0096-3445.113.3.464&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4825988%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Fehr&rft.aufirst=B&rft.au=Russell%2C+JA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LeDoux-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-LeDoux_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brainworldmagazine.com/on-fear-emotions-and-memory-an-interview-with-dr-joseph-ledoux/2/">"On Fear, Emotions, and Memory: An Interview with Dr. Joseph LeDoux – Page 2 of 2 – Brain World"</a>. 2018-06-06. 原先內容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211009004614/https://brainworldmagazine.com/on-fear-emotions-and-memory-an-interview-with-dr-joseph-ledoux/2/">歸檔</a>喺9 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2018搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=On+Fear%2C+Emotions%2C+and+Memory%3A+An+Interview+with+Dr.+Joseph+LeDoux+%E2%80%93+Page+2+of+2+%E2%80%93+Brain+World&rft.date=2018-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrainworldmagazine.com%2Fon-fear-emotions-and-memory-an-interview-with-dr-joseph-ledoux%2F2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Givens-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Givens_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="yue" dir="ltr">引用錯誤無效嘅<code><ref></code>標籤；無文字提供畀叫做<code>Givens</code>嘅參照</span></li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFHaviland-JonesLewisBarrett2016" class="citation book cs1">Haviland-Jones, Jeannette M.; Lewis, Michael; Barrett, Lisa Feldman (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781462525348"><i>Handbook of emotions</i></a> (第4版). New York (N.Y.): Guilford press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-1-4625-2534-8" title="Special:書本來源/978-1-4625-2534-8"><bdi>978-1-4625-2534-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+emotions&rft.place=New+York+%28N.Y.%29&rft.edition=4&rft.pub=Guilford+press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4625-2534-8&rft.aulast=Haviland-Jones&rft.aufirst=Jeannette+M.&rft.au=Lewis%2C+Michael&rft.au=Barrett%2C+Lisa+Feldman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9781462525348&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harmat, L., de Manzano, Ö., Theorell, T., Högman, L., Fischer, H., & Ullén, F. (2015). Physiological correlates of the flow experience during computer game playing. <i>International Journal of Psychophysiology</i>, 97(1), 1-7.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="心理學（saai6_ko1）各領域" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="Template:心理學"><abbr title="去睇呢個模" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">睇</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:心理學 (無呢版)"><abbr title="傾呢個模" style=";;background:none 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href="/wiki/%E8%AA%8D%E7%9F%A5%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="認知心理學">認知心理學</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%8D%E7%9F%A5%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="認知神經科學">認知神經科學</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="社會認知神經科學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英文" data-foreign-title="Social cognitive neuroscience"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E8%AA%8D%E7%9F%A5%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社會認知神經科學 (無呢版)">社會認知神經科學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英文</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_cognitive_neuroscience" class="extiw" title="en:Social cognitive neuroscience"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Social cognitive neuroscience</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="心理物理學">心理物理學</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E8%82%B2%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="發育心理學">發育心理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="情緒科學">情緒科學</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="情緒神經科學">情緒神經科學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E7%A7%91" class="mw-redirect" title="社科">社科</a>偏向</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="社會心理學">社會心理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E6%A0%BC%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="性格心理學">性格心理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8" title="心理語言學">心理語言學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="文化心理學">文化心理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="道德心理學">道德心理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="人本主義心理學">人本主義心理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%90%91%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="正向心理學">正向心理學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="應用心理學">應用領域</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a 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href="/wiki/%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="健康心理學">健康心理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="教育心理學">教育心理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="交通心理學">交通心理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="組織心理學">組織心理學</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E8%B2%BB%E8%80%85%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA" title="消費者行為">消費心理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="宗教心理學">宗教心理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E7%A2%BC%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="數碼心理學">數碼心理學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關領域</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E5%AD%B8" 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