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<div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1" title="غانفور – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غانفور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1" title="قانوور – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قانوور" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunvor_Group" title="Gunvor Group – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gunvor Group" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunvor_(Unternehmen)" title="Gunvor (Unternehmen) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gunvor (Unternehmen)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunvor" title="Gunvor – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gunvor" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1" title="گانوور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گانوور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunvor" title="Gunvor – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gunvor" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunvor_Group" title="Gunvor Group – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gunvor Group" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunvor" title="Gunvor – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Gunvor" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunvor_(f%C3%B6retag)" title="Gunvor (företag) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gunvor (företag)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunvor" title="Gunvor – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gunvor" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunvor" title="Gunvor – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Gunvor" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q665870#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the energy company. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Gunvor_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Gunvor (disambiguation)">Gunvor (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Cypriot-registered Swiss commodity trading company</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">Gunvor Group Ltd</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gunvor_Group_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Gunvor_Group_logo.svg/220px-Gunvor_Group_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Gunvor_Group_logo.svg/330px-Gunvor_Group_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Gunvor_Group_logo.svg/440px-Gunvor_Group_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="743" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Privately_held_company" title="Privately held company">Private</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Commodity" title="Commodity">Commodity</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">2000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Gennady_Timchenko" title="Gennady Timchenko">Gennady Timchenko</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Torbj%C3%B6rn_T%C3%B6rnqvist" title="Torbjörn Törnqvist">Torbjörn Törnqvist</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, Switzerland<br />(head office)<br /><a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a>, Cyprus <br />(registered office)<sup id="cite_ref-Gunvor_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gunvor-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Global</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Torbj%C3%B6rn_T%C3%B6rnqvist" title="Torbjörn Törnqvist">Torbjörn Törnqvist</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Services</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Energy_trading" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy trading">Energy trading</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raw_materials" class="mw-redirect" title="Raw materials">raw materials</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data">US$150 billion (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-Gunvor_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gunvor-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Torbj%C3%B6rn_T%C3%B6rnqvist" title="Torbjörn Törnqvist">Torbjörn Törnqvist</a> (87%) <br /> Employees (13%)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,700 (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-Gunvor_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gunvor-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gunvorgroup.com">gunvorgroup<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Gunvor Group Ltd</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinational</a> energy <a href="/wiki/Commodities_trading" class="mw-redirect" title="Commodities trading">commodities trading</a> company registered in <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with its main trading office in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, Switzerland.<sup id="cite_ref-Gunvor_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gunvor-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gunvor also has trading offices in <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stamford,_Connecticut" title="Stamford, Connecticut">Stamford</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>, with a network of representative offices around the globe. The company operates in the trade, transport, storage and optimization of <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">petroleum</a> and other energy products, as well as having investments in <a href="/wiki/Oil_terminal" title="Oil terminal">oil terminal</a> and port facilities. Its operations consist of securing crude oil and petroleum products upstream and delivering it to market via pipelines and tankers. Gunvor has a separate company, Nyera, set up in 2021 to invest in renewable energy sources. It is run by energy transition director Fredrik Tornqvist. </p><p>The company, which was founded in 2000, is the fourth largest <a href="/wiki/Crude_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Crude oil">crude oil</a> trader in the world after <a href="/wiki/Glencore" title="Glencore">Glencore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitol" title="Vitol">Vitol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trafigura" title="Trafigura">Trafigura</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters311007_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters311007-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today, Gunvor originates most of its crude oil from the Americas.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also trades African, Asian, and South-American oil products and is active on all continents.<sup id="cite_ref-compass1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-compass1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company has stopped trading Russian crude oil, and only transacts "very small volumes of Russian oil products, a few tens of thousands of tonnes" that are compliant with international economic sanctions.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Natural gas and liquefied natural gas (LNG) accounted for 44% of the firm's traded volumes in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years">Early years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gunvor&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Gennady_Timchenko" title="Gennady Timchenko">Gennady Timchenko</a> and <a href="/wiki/Torbj%C3%B6rn_T%C3%B6rnqvist" title="Torbjörn Törnqvist">Torbjörn Törnqvist</a>, two oil traders, began working together in 1997, and in 2000 formalized Gunvor,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is named after Törnqvist's mother.<sup id="cite_ref-uppdrag_granskning_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uppdrag_granskning-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2003, the company started operations in Geneva.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <i>Financial Times</i>, until 2007 the company was a "niche player"<sup id="cite_ref-ft_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ft-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> focused on exporting Russian oil through <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>, relying on the expertise of its two founders in the oil business, Russian market and transit logistics. Torbjörn Törnqvist is a Swedish citizen born in 1953. He has traded oil across the world for over twenty years, beginning his career at <a href="/wiki/BP" title="BP">BP</a>. Gennady Timchenko is a Finnish citizen born in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> in 1952. He has more than 20 years experience in the oil industry, beginning with the <a href="/wiki/Kirishi_refinery" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirishi refinery">Kirishi refinery</a> during <a href="/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">perestroika</a>, and was one of the first Russians to export oil to Europe after the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union collapsed</a>. </p><p>In 2007, Gunvor's turnover was US$43 billion, with exports of 83 million tons of oil and petroleum products (up from 60 million tons in 2006). In 2010, the company's turnover grew to US$65 billion, up from US$53 billion in 2009, with volumes increasing to 104 million tons.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Logistics_and_infrastructures">Logistics and infrastructures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gunvor&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Logistics and infrastructures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gunvor has invested in oil storages facilities, refineries, port facilities and terminals, therefore ensuring a "comparative advantage over their competitors", according to Törnqvist interviewed by the <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ft_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ft-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the company website, Gunvor owns its own shipping company, Clearlake Shipping Ltd, which shipped 30% of the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic</a> crude oil (20.5 million tonnes) in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Nefte Compass, from February 2002 to February 2008, Russian oil exports through Gunvor increased sixteen times. The company controls 60% of the volume transiting through Estonia, and 41% of that transit via the port of <a href="/wiki/Primorsk,_Leningrad_Oblast" title="Primorsk, Leningrad Oblast">Primorsk, Leningrad Oblast</a>. </p><p>In 2009, Gunvor made major investments into physical assets such as oil terminals and facilities, the largest being into its oil export terminal in the port of <a href="/wiki/Ust-Luga" title="Ust-Luga">Ust-Luga</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a>, outside of <a href="/wiki/St-Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="St-Petersburg">St-Petersburg</a>. In September 2009, the terminal was sold to <a href="/wiki/Transneft" title="Transneft">Transneft</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ogj290109_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ogj290109-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2009, Gunvor made its first direct investment in <a href="/wiki/Oil_exploration" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil exploration">oil exploration</a> when it purchased a 30% interest in Lagansky block in the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a> from <a href="/wiki/Lundin_Petroleum" class="mw-redirect" title="Lundin Petroleum">Lundin Petroleum</a>. The field has proven reserves of over 230 million barrels of oil.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gunvor also owns three major European refineries which are based in the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany. The Gunvor Petroleum <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a> refinery can process 88,000 barrels per day, while the <a href="/wiki/Ingolstadt" title="Ingolstadt">Ingolstadt</a> refinery located in <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a> can handle 110,000 barrels per day and is supplied by the <a href="/wiki/Transalpine_Pipeline" title="Transalpine Pipeline">Transalpine Pipeline</a> from the marine shipping terminal in <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a>, Italy. Gunvor also owns a large refinery with a capacity in excess of 100,000 barrels per day located in the north of the Port of <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, the American chemical company Dow announced a plastics recycling program in partnership with Gunvor's Rotterdam refining operation.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Expansion">Expansion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gunvor&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Expansion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gunvor has expanded beyond its Russian roots, and trades globally, including in the Middle East, Asia, Africa and the Americas with its main trading hubs located in Geneva, Singapore, Nassau and Dubai.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group has also opened offices in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Gunvor has stated that it intends to develop its new energy trading division so that it will become a more significant part of a more diversified business. </p><p>In 2009, Gunvor established its Global Energy division,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> focused on trading a broad range of energy commodities including Global Coal and Freight, Emissions and Renewables, Natural Gas and LNG and Power. </p><p>The company intends to continue to expand and diversify in 2010, both geographically and across the energy value chain. Marking a new phase in its expansion into the European energy markets, Gunvor entered its first trades in the <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a>, power and carbon markets in January 2010, and extending its trading capability across North West and Central Europe for physical natural gas and coal across the globe.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2010, the company hired traders who take responsibility for Gunvor's physical-gas positions across continental Europe, D. Smith for as a coal trader in 2010, and Fredrik Bodecke who will be responsible for the Nordic and Baltic <a href="/wiki/Electricity" title="Electricity">electricity</a> markets.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2023, it was announced that Gunvor would enter the metals trade again with the hiring of a veteran trader.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2023, Gunvor acquired a 75% stake in a 785 megawatt power plant in Bilbao, Spain, from BP Gas Marketing Limited.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2024, it was announced that TotalEnergies had sold a 50% stake in Total PARCO Pakistan Limited, an oil marketing firm, to Gunvor Group. It was a joint venture between Total Energies and Pak-Arab Refinery Limited in Pakistan, with a retail network of more than 800 service stations. <sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ownership">Ownership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gunvor&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ownership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Torbjörn Törnqvist holds nearly 88% of Gunvor, and the remainder is held by employees.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to 2014, it was said that its two co-founders held an equal number of shares, with the balance being held in an <a href="/wiki/Employee_Benefit_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Employee Benefit Trust">employee benefit trust</a> for senior management.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 20 March 2014 Timchenko was included on the United States' <a href="/wiki/International_sanctions" title="International sanctions">Sanctions</a> list in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/2014_Crimean_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Crimean crisis">annexation of Crimea by Russia</a>, due to his close ties with Russian President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-upstream210314_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-upstream210314-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The US Treasury alleged that via Timchenko "Putin has investments in Gunvor and may have access to Gunvor funds,"<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> without providing any evidence.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Törnqvist bought out Timchenko's 43.5% stake and became the nominal owner of an 87% stake in the company on 19 March 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters210314_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters210314-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Timchenko explained the sale by "anticipating potential economic sanctions" and to "ensure with certainty the continued and uninterrupted operations of Gunvor Group".<sup id="cite_ref-upstream210314_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-upstream210314-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The value of the transaction was not disclosed.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters210314_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters210314-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gunvor&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2008, <i>The Economist</i> mentioned Timchenko in an article that repeated previously published statements about Timchenko and Gunvor. Both of these parties sued for libel.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The Economist</i> withdrew the contested material from its website. The lawsuit was settled in July 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The Economist</i> published a correcting statement.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the major <a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a> release of US <a href="/wiki/State_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="State Department">State Department</a> cables in November 2010, it was reported by the London <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Telegraph">Daily Telegraph</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that the wealth of the then Russian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> was linked to a "secretive Swiss-based oil trading firm" called Gunvor. It said that <a href="/wiki/John_Beyrle" title="John Beyrle">John Beyrle</a>, the United States <a href="/wiki/Ambassador" title="Ambassador">ambassador</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</a> stated that close connections existed between Gunvor and the Russian Government. Gunvor stated in response to the WikiLeaks disclosure that Timchenko and Törnqvist owned "a large majority of Gunvor" and that a "minority stake is owned by an employee benefit trust". It went on to say that "the company had taken out credit facilities which require full disclosure of company ownership".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, a <a href="/wiki/Sveriges_Radio" title="Sveriges Radio">Swedish Radio</a> documentary presented evidence that Gunvor had been involved in a Belarusian oil smuggling scheme featuring corruption at the highest levels in the Belarus government.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This documentary won the 2017 Prix Europa award in the "Radio Current Affairs" category. <sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gunvor denied any wrongdoing.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In March 2020, <i>The Sunday Times</i> published an article based on a 2015 interview with <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Pugachev" title="Sergei Pugachev">Sergei Pugachev</a>, once known as Kremlin's banker, linking Gunvor to Russian President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, Gunvor "was condemned by Swiss authorities to pay approximately US$96.7 million<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for failing to put adequate measures in place to prevent the bribery of foreign government officials<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Cote_d%E2%80%99Ivoire" class="mw-redirect" title="Cote d’Ivoire">Cote d’Ivoire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Congo">Republic of Congo</a> in exchange for lucrative oil deals."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021 <a href="/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International">Transparency International</a> included this as one of five examples of foreign bribery in "clean" countries in the <a href="/wiki/Corruption_Perceptions_Index" title="Corruption Perceptions Index">Corruption Perception Index</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2024, Gunvor resolved investigations by authorities in the U.S. and Switzerland into past activities in Ecuador. <sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gunvor accepted responsibility for the actions of certain of its former agents and employees, all of whom Gunvor stopped working with years ago and before it learned of the U.S. investigation. Gunvor agreed to pay approximately $374 million in fines and $287 million in forfeiture. The judge in the case said he was “happy to see this chapter has ended” and that he looked “forward to Gunvor’s continued participation in the market.” <sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gunvor&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gunvor&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Gunvor-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gunvor_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gunvor_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gunvor_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gunvor_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gunvorgroup.com/">"Gunvor"</a>. GunvorGroup.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gunvor&rft.pub=GunvorGroup.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gunvorgroup.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-gunvor-putin-idUSBREA2K08720140321">"What does U.S. know about Putin's oil wealth?"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. March 21, 2014 – via www.reuters.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=What+does+U.S.+know+about+Putin%27s+oil+wealth%3F&rft.date=2014-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-ukraine-crisis-gunvor-putin-idUSBREA2K08720140321&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/2e3ad5d0-9572-11e2-a4fa-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2SW05YXsE">"Oil traders and Cyprus"</a>. <i>Financial Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Oil+traders+and+Cyprus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fintl%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2F2e3ad5d0-9572-11e2-a4fa-00144feabdc0.html%23axzz2SW05YXsE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reuters311007-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-reuters311007_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/51a807d4-4545-11e4-ab86-00144feabdc0">"Gunvor nearly doubles cash reserves"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i>. 2014-09-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-09-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Gunvor+nearly+doubles+cash+reserves&rft.date=2014-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F51a807d4-4545-11e4-ab86-00144feabdc0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gunvorgroup.com/trading/crude-oil/">"Crude Oil - Gunvor Group"</a>. <i>gunvorgroup.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gunvorgroup.com&rft.atitle=Crude+Oil+-+Gunvor+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgunvorgroup.com%2Ftrading%2Fcrude-oil%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-compass1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-compass1_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPaul_Samson2009" class="citation news cs1">Paul Samson (2009-04-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090801231929/http://www.piwpubs.com/DocumentDetail.asp?Try=Yes&document_id=618834&publication_id=3">"Gunvor expands into US, Latin America"</a>. <i>Nefte Compass (requires a subscription)</i>. Energy Intelligence Group, Inc. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.piwpubs.com/DocumentDetail.asp?Try=Yes&document_id=618834&publication_id=3">the original</a> on 2009-08-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-05-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nefte+Compass+%28requires+a+subscription%29&rft.atitle=Gunvor+expands+into+US%2C+Latin+America&rft.date=2009-04-23&rft.au=Paul+Samson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.piwpubs.com%2FDocumentDetail.asp%3FTry%3DYes%26document_id%3D618834%26publication_id%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publiceye.ch/en/topics/commodities-trading/russian-oil-trade-dubai-pulls-out-all-the-stops-to-edge-out-switzerland">"Russian oil trade: Dubai pulls out all the stops to edge out Switzerland"</a>, <i>Public Eye</i>, November 21, 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/5487fdb7-32cd-4ef0-8629-55d11690e108">"Commodity trader Gunvor triples profit to record $2.36bn in 2022 | Financial Times"</a>. <i>www.ft.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.capital.de/">the original</a> on August 2, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Capital.de&rft.atitle=Wirtschaft+ist+Gesellschaft+%26%23124%3B+Capital&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.capital.de%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ft-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ft_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ft_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/c3c5c012-21e9-11dd-a50a-000077b07658.html?nclick_check=1">"On the offensive: How Gunvor rose to the top of Russian oil trading"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=On+the+offensive%3A+How+Gunvor+rose+to+the+top+of+Russian+oil+trading&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2Fc3c5c012-21e9-11dd-a50a-000077b07658.html%3Fnclick_check%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110226054909/http://af.reuters.com/article/energyOilNews/idAFLDE71M0AE20110223">"Gunvor turnover rises in 2010, sees better 2011"</a>, <i>Reuters</i>, February 23, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707001929/https://www.riverlake.ch/news.php?newsid=105">"News - Riverlake Group"</a>. <i>www.riverlake.ch</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.riverlake.ch/news.php?newsid=105">the original</a> on 2011-07-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-07-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.riverlake.ch&rft.atitle=News+-+Riverlake+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.riverlake.ch%2Fnews.php%3Fnewsid%3D105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ogj290109-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ogj290109_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEric_Watkins2009" class="citation news cs1">Eric Watkins (2009-09-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ogj.com/index/article-display/0410771688/articles/oil-gas-journal/transportation-2/2009/09/transneft-buys_baltic.html">"Transneft buys Baltic oil terminal from Gunvor"</a>. <i>Oil & Gas Journal (requires subscription)</i>. <a href="/wiki/PennWell_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="PennWell Corporation">PennWell Corporation</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-04-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oil+%26+Gas+Journal+%28requires+subscription%29&rft.atitle=Transneft+buys+Baltic+oil+terminal+from+Gunvor&rft.date=2009-09-10&rft.au=Eric+Watkins&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ogj.com%2Findex%2Farticle-display%2F0410771688%2Farticles%2Foil-gas-journal%2Ftransportation-2%2F2009%2F09%2Ftransneft-buys_baltic.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Lundin_Petroleum" class="mw-redirect" title="Lundin Petroleum">Lundin Petroleum</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lundin-petroleum.com/Press/pr_russia_02-09-09_e.html">'Lundin Petroleum partners with Gunvor in the Lagansky block'</a>, 2 Sep. 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gunvorgroup.com/our-assets/refineries/">"Refineries - Gunvor Group"</a>. <i>gunvorgroup.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gunvorgroup.com&rft.atitle=Refineries+-+Gunvor+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgunvorgroup.com%2Four-assets%2Frefineries%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Dow_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Dow Inc.">Dow</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://corporate.dow.com/en-us/news/press-releases/dow-gunvor-purify-plastic-waste.html">"Dow partners with Gunvor to purify plastic waste streams to scale circular plastics manufacturing"</a>, 10 October 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120918033945/http://gunvorgroup.com/our-trading/">"Our Trading | Gunvor GroupGunvor Group"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gunvorgroup.com/our-trading/">the original</a> on 2012-09-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-08-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+Trading+%26%23124%3B+Gunvor+GroupGunvor+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgunvorgroup.com%2Four-trading%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601207&sid=aDFN8TXxNwZg,">'Gunvor appoints Essent's Aliabadi head of Global energy Unit'</a>, Sept 2 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.risk.net/energy-risk/news/1585424/gunvor-enters-natural-gas-power-carbon-markets">"Gunvor enters natural gas, power and carbon markets - Risk.net"</a>. <i>risk.net</i>. 11 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=risk.net&rft.atitle=Gunvor+enters+natural+gas%2C+power+and+carbon+markets+-+Risk.net&rft.date=2010-01-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.risk.net%2Fenergy-risk%2Fnews%2F1585424%2Fgunvor-enters-natural-gas-power-carbon-markets&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAmanat2010" class="citation news cs1">Amanat, Reza (13 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uk.advfn.com/stock-market/london/centrica-CNA/share-news/UPDATE-Gunvor-To-Expand-Global-Trading-Activity-Wi/42360336">"UPDATE: Gunvor To Expand Global Trading Activity With New Hires"</a>. <i>Dow Jones Newswires</i>. ADVFN<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dow+Jones+Newswires&rft.atitle=UPDATE%3A+Gunvor+To+Expand+Global+Trading+Activity+With+New+Hires&rft.date=2010-04-13&rft.aulast=Amanat&rft.aufirst=Reza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuk.advfn.com%2Fstock-market%2Flondon%2Fcentrica-CNA%2Fshare-news%2FUPDATE-Gunvor-To-Expand-Global-Trading-Activity-Wi%2F42360336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-09-13/oil-trader-gunvor-re-enters-metals-in-bet-on-energy-transition">"Oil Trader Gunvor Re-Enters Metals in Bet on Energy Transition"</a>. <i>www.bloomberg.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=Oil+Trader+Gunvor+Re-Enters+Metals+in+Bet+on+Energy+Transition&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2023-09-13%2Foil-trader-gunvor-re-enters-metals-in-bet-on-energy-transition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/40ecb945-9fed-4a07-b2d1-59986d063ff4">"Commodities house Gunvor to buy gas-fired power plant"</a>. <i>www.ft.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ft.com&rft.atitle=Commodities+house+Gunvor+to+buy+gas-fired+power+plant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F40ecb945-9fed-4a07-b2d1-59986d063ff4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/totalenergies-sell-50-stake-pakistan-oil-marketing-firm-gunvor-group-2024-08-06/">"TotalEnergies to sell 50% stake in Pakistan oil marketing firm to Gunvor Group"</a>. <i>www.reuters.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.reuters.com&rft.atitle=TotalEnergies+to+sell+50%25+stake+in+Pakistan+oil+marketing+firm+to+Gunvor+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fmarkets%2Fdeals%2Ftotalenergies-sell-50-stake-pakistan-oil-marketing-firm-gunvor-group-2024-08-06%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHunterNairDi_Paola2022" class="citation news cs1">Hunter, Archie; Nair, Dinesh; Di Paola, Anthony (21 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220921142319/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-09-21/uae-s-adnoc-is-said-to-consider-bid-for-oil-trader-gunvor">"UAE's Adnoc Considers Bid for Oil Trader Gunvor"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-09-21/uae-s-adnoc-is-said-to-consider-bid-for-oil-trader-gunvor">the original</a> on 21 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+News&rft.atitle=UAE%E2%80%99s+Adnoc+Considers+Bid+for+Oil+Trader+Gunvor&rft.date=2022-09-21&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=Archie&rft.au=Nair%2C+Dinesh&rft.au=Di+Paola%2C+Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2022-09-21%2Fuae-s-adnoc-is-said-to-consider-bid-for-oil-trader-gunvor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWahlin2009" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Wahlin, Erik (22 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120721182830/http://www.affarsvarlden.se/tidningen/article641248.ece">"Den hemlige oljemiljardдren: Hans bolag omsдtter mer дn Ericsson. Nu ska han leta olja med familjen Lundin. Fцr fцrsta gеngen berдttar Torbjцrn Tцrnqvist hur han byggde upp Gunvor Group till ett av vдrldens stцrsta oljehandelsfцretag. Och kommenterar ryktesfloran runt bolaget"</a> [The secret oil billionaires: His company has more turnover than Ericsson. Now he will look for oil with the Lundin family. For the first time, Torbjern Tčrnqvist tells how he built Gunvor Group into one of the world's largest oil trading companies. And comments on the rumor mill around the company.]. <i><a href="/wiki/Aff%C3%A4rsv%C3%A4rlden" title="Affärsvärlden">Affärsvärlden</a> (affarsvarlden.se)</i> (in Swedish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.affarsvarlden.se/tidningen/article641248.ece">the original</a> on 21 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aff%C3%A4rsv%C3%A4rlden+%28affarsvarlden.se%29&rft.atitle=Den+hemlige+oljemiljard%D0%B4ren%3A+Hans+bolag+oms%D0%B4tter+mer+%D0%B4n+Ericsson.+Nu+ska+han+leta+olja+med+familjen+Lundin.+F%D1%86r+f%D1%86rsta+g%D0%B5ngen+ber%D0%B4ttar+Torbj%D1%86rn+T%D1%86rnqvist+hur+han+byggde+upp+Gunvor+Group+till+ett+av+v%D0%B4rldens+st%D1%86rsta+oljehandelsf%D1%86retag.+Och+kommenterar+ryktesfloran+runt+bolaget.&rft.date=2009-09-22&rft.aulast=Wahlin&rft.aufirst=Erik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.affarsvarlden.se%2Ftidningen%2Farticle641248.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFРождественский2022" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Рождественский, Илья (Rozhdestvensky, Ilya) (7 December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231012181841/https://dossier.center/gasyard/">"У Владимира Путина нашлась кубышка с миллиардом долларов от газовой аферы: Из нее заплатили за яхту Graceful"</a> [Vladimir Putin Has a Billion Dollars Worth of Gas Scam: It was used to pay for the yacht Graceful]. <i>Центра «Досье» (dossier.center)</i> (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dossier.center/gasyard/">the original</a> on 12 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0+%C2%AB%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%B5%C2%BB+%28dossier.center%29&rft.atitle=%D0%A3+%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D1%81+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%BE%D1%82+%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%3A+%D0%98%D0%B7+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B5+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D1%8F%D1%85%D1%82%D1%83+Graceful&rft.date=2022-12-07&rft.aulast=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&rft.aufirst=%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F+%28Rozhdestvensky%2C+Ilya%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdossier.center%2Fgasyard%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.compromat.ru/page_43970.htm">Alternate archive</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFШлейнов2012" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Шлейнов, Роман (Shleynov, Roman) (8 October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vedomosti.ru/business/articles/2012/10/08/tretij_iz_gunvor">"Таинственным третьим владельцем Gunvor был петербуржец Петр Колбин: Как стало известно "Ведомостям", таинственным третьим владельцем Gunvor, чье имя долгие годы держалось в секрете, был петербуржец Петр Колбин, друг детства Геннадия Тимченко"</a> [The mysterious third owner of Gunvor was Pyotr Kolbin from St. Petersburg: As it became known to Vedomosti, the mysterious third owner of Gunvor, whose name was kept secret for many years, was St. Petersburg resident Pyotr Kolbin, a childhood friend of Gennady Timchenko]. <i><a href="/wiki/Vedomosti" title="Vedomosti">Ведомости</a></i> (in Russian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8&rft.atitle=%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BC+%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BC+Gunvor+%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%86+%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80+%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%3A+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE+%22%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%BC%22%2C+%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BC+%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BC+Gunvor%2C+%D1%87%D1%8C%D0%B5+%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8F+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%B2+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%2C+%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%86+%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80+%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%2C+%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE&rft.date=2012-10-08&rft.aulast=%D0%A8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.aufirst=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD+%28Shleynov%2C+Roman%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vedomosti.ru%2Fbusiness%2Farticles%2F2012%2F10%2F08%2Ftretij_iz_gunvor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091015042348/https://novayagazeta.ru/data/2009/113/00.html">"Кто третий владелец "Гунвора"? Империя Геннадия Тимченко: друзья и знакомые премьер-министра особенно концентрируются вокруг нефти и газа. Но не забывают и о культуре"</a> [Who is the third owner of Gunvor? Gennady Timchenko's Empire: The Prime Minister's Friends and Acquaintances Are Especially Concentrated Around Oil and Gas. But they don't forget about culture]. <i><a href="/wiki/Novaya_Gazeta" title="Novaya Gazeta">Новая газета</a></i> (in Russian). 12 October 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://novayagazeta.ru/data/2009/113/00.html">the original</a> on 15 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0&rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D1%82%D0%BE+%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%86+%22%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%22%3F+%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%3A+%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8C%D1%8F+%D0%B8+%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80-%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0.+%D0%9D%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82+%D0%B8+%D0%BE+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5&rft.date=2009-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnovayagazeta.ru%2Fdata%2F2009%2F113%2F00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.compromat.ru/page_28376.htm">Alternate archive</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFШлейнов2013" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Шлейнов, Роман (Shleynov, Roman) (21 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231012202013/https://www.vedomosti.ru/library/articles/2013/01/21/timchenko_i_kgb">"Тимченко и КГБ"</a> [Timchenko and the KGB]. <i><a href="/wiki/Vedomosti" title="Vedomosti">Ведомости</a></i> (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vedomosti.ru/library/articles/2013/01/21/timchenko_i_kgb">the original</a> on 12 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8&rft.atitle=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%B8+%D0%9A%D0%93%D0%91&rft.date=2013-01-21&rft.aulast=%D0%A8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.aufirst=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD+%28Shleynov%2C+Roman%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vedomosti.ru%2Flibrary%2Farticles%2F2013%2F01%2F21%2Ftimchenko_i_kgb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.compromat.ru/page_32915.htm">Alternate archive</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBeltonBuckley2008" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Belton" title="Catherine Belton">Belton, Catherine</a>; Buckley, Neil (14 May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20150507032924/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/c3c5c012-21e9-11dd-a50a-000077b07658.html%23axzz3ZQ5kxyrT">"On the offensive: How Gunvor rose to the top of Russian oil trading"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/c3c5c012-21e9-11dd-a50a-000077b07658.html">the original</a> on 7 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=On+the+offensive%3A+How+Gunvor+rose+to+the+top+of+Russian+oil+trading&rft.date=2008-05-14&rft.aulast=Belton&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft.au=Buckley%2C+Neil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2Fc3c5c012-21e9-11dd-a50a-000077b07658.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-upstream210314-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-upstream210314_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-upstream210314_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2014" class="citation news cs1">Johnson, Luke (2014-03-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upstreamonline.com/live/article1355878.ece">"Timchenko sells stake in Gunvor"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Upstream_(newspaper)" title="Upstream (newspaper)">Upstream Online</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/NHST_Media_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="NHST Media Group">NHST Media Group</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-03-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Upstream+Online&rft.atitle=Timchenko+sells+stake+in+Gunvor&rft.date=2014-03-21&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Luke&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.upstreamonline.com%2Flive%2Farticle1355878.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/pages/jl23331.aspx">"Treasury Sanctions Russian Officials, Members Of The Russian Leadership's Inner Circle, And An Entity For Involvement In The Situation In Ukraine"</a>. <i>U.S. Department of the Treasury</i>. United States Department of the Treasury<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Department+of+the+Treasury&rft.atitle=Treasury+Sanctions+Russian+Officials%2C+Members+Of+The+Russian+Leadership%27s+Inner+Circle%2C+And+An+Entity+For+Involvement+In+The+Situation+In+Ukraine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.treasury.gov%2Fpress-center%2Fpress-releases%2Fpages%2Fjl23331.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHookWilsonSheppardMassoudi2023" class="citation news cs1">Hook, Leslie; Wilson, Tom; Sheppard, David; Massoudi, Arash (23 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20230123103106/https://www.ft.com/content/1ad93e45-df18-4419-9080-d41961c817c7">"Abu Dhabi's Adnoc and Gunvor extend talks to reach investment deal: National oil group is seeking a minority stake in commodity trader as it looks to diversify its revenue stream"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/1ad93e45-df18-4419-9080-d41961c817c7">the original</a> on 23 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Abu+Dhabi%E2%80%99s+Adnoc+and+Gunvor+extend+talks+to+reach+investment+deal%3A+National+oil+group+is+seeking+a+minority+stake+in+commodity+trader+as+it+looks+to+diversify+its+revenue+stream&rft.date=2023-01-23&rft.aulast=Hook&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Tom&rft.au=Sheppard%2C+David&rft.au=Massoudi%2C+Arash&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F1ad93e45-df18-4419-9080-d41961c817c7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reuters210314-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reuters210314_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reuters210314_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZhdannikovMackeyBousso2014" class="citation news cs1">Zhdannikov, Dmitry; Mackey, Peg; Bousso, Ron (2014-03-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-sanctions-gunvor-idUSBREA2J1T920140321">"Oil firms, U.S. banks trade with Gunvor after co-founder sanctioned"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-03-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Oil+firms%2C+U.S.+banks+trade+with+Gunvor+after+co-founder+sanctioned&rft.date=2014-03-21&rft.aulast=Zhdannikov&rft.aufirst=Dmitry&rft.au=Mackey%2C+Peg&rft.au=Bousso%2C+Ron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-ukraine-crisis-sanctions-gunvor-idUSBREA2J1T920140321&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tdg.ch/geneve/actu/accord-gunvor-economist-2009-07-28">"La Tribune de Geneve"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+Tribune+de+Geneve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tdg.ch%2Fgeneve%2Factu%2Faccord-gunvor-economist-2009-07-28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vedomosti.ru/newslin/index.shtml?2009/07/30/811080">"Vedomosti"</a>. <i>vedomosti.ru</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vedomosti.ru&rft.atitle=Vedomosti&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvedomosti.ru%2Fnewslin%2Findex.shtml%3F2009%2F07%2F30%2F811080&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/world/europe/displaystory.cfm?story_id=14140737">"Gennady Timchenko and Gunvor International BV"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>. July 30, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-09-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Gennady+Timchenko+and+Gunvor+International+BV&rft.date=2009-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fdisplaystory.cfm%3Fstory_id%3D14140737&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daily Telegraph <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/wikileaks/8175406/WikiLeaks-Putins-secret-billions.html">Wikileaks: 'Putin's 'secret billions<i></i></a><i>, Dec 03, 2010</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/e2a8af96-fe3f-11df-abac-00144feab49a.html#axzz1Nq4WdZH2">Oil trading group Gunvor denies Putin links</a>, <i>Financial Times</i>, 2 December 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sverigesradio.se/sida/avsnitt/884272?programid=909">"KGB-agenten och oljesmugglingen"</a>. 7 May 2017 – via sverigesradio.se.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=KGB-agenten+och+oljesmugglingen&rft.date=2017-05-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsverigesradio.se%2Fsida%2Favsnitt%2F884272%3Fprogramid%3D909&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=83&artikel=6803264">"Ekot-granskning om oljesmuggling prisas"</a>. <i>Sveriges Radio</i>. 20 October 2017 – via sverigesradio.se.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sveriges+Radio&rft.atitle=Ekot-granskning+om+oljesmuggling+prisas&rft.date=2017-10-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsverigesradio.se%2Fsida%2Fartikel.aspx%3Fprogramid%3D83%26artikel%3D6803264&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBelton" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Belton" title="Catherine Belton">Belton, Catherine</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/4ec8ae22-6dc8-11ea-95ac-727c046e7b5d">"The inside story of how Putin and his KGB cronies took control of Russia"</a>. No. 29 March 2020. Times Newspapers Limited. The Sunday Times<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+inside+story+of+how+Putin+and+his+KGB+cronies+took+control+of+Russia&rft.issue=29+March+2020&rft.aulast=Belton&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2F4ec8ae22-6dc8-11ea-95ac-727c046e7b5d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHoffmanMiller2019" class="citation news cs1">Hoffman, Andy; Miller, Hugo (2019-10-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-10-17/gunvor-strikes-95-million-deal-with-swiss-to-end-congo-probe">"Trader Gunvor Pays $95 Million to Swiss in Corruption Probe"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+News&rft.atitle=Trader+Gunvor+Pays+%2495+Million+to+Swiss+in+Corruption+Probe&rft.date=2019-10-17&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft.au=Miller%2C+Hugo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2019-10-17%2Fgunvor-strikes-95-million-deal-with-swiss-to-end-congo-probe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPayne2019" class="citation news cs1">Payne, Julia (2019-10-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-gunvor-grp-congo-corruption-idUSKBN1WW0Z9">"Gunvor must pay $95 million for Congo oil corruption: Swiss prosecutors"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Gunvor+must+pay+%2495+million+for+Congo+oil+corruption%3A+Swiss+prosecutors&rft.date=2019-10-17&rft.aulast=Payne&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-gunvor-grp-congo-corruption-idUSKBN1WW0Z9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.transparency.org/en/news/cpi-2020-trouble-at-the-top-cases">"CPI 2020: Five cases of trouble at the top"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International">Transparency International</a></i>. 2021-01-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Transparency+International&rft.atitle=CPI+2020%3A+Five+cases+of+trouble+at+the+top&rft.date=2021-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.transparency.org%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fcpi-2020-trouble-at-the-top-cases&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchoonover2024" class="citation web cs1">Schoonover, Nika (1 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courthousenews.com/swiss-based-gunvor-to-pay-661-million-for-ecuador-bribery-scheme/">"Swiss-based Gunvor to pay $661 million for Ecuador bribery scheme"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Swiss-based+Gunvor+to+pay+%24661+million+for+Ecuador+bribery+scheme&rft.date=2024-03-01&rft.aulast=Schoonover&rft.aufirst=Nika&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courthousenews.com%2Fswiss-based-gunvor-to-pay-661-million-for-ecuador-bribery-scheme%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalinvestigationsreview.com/just-anti-corruption/article/gunvor-pay-over-660-million-resolve-us-swiss-bribery-probes">"Gunvor to pay over $660 million to resolve US, Swiss bribery probes"</a>. <i>globalinvestigationsreview.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=globalinvestigationsreview.com&rft.atitle=Gunvor+to+pay+over+%24660+million+to+resolve+US%2C+Swiss+bribery+probes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalinvestigationsreview.com%2Fjust-anti-corruption%2Farticle%2Fgunvor-pay-over-660-million-resolve-us-swiss-bribery-probes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gunvor&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Catherine Belton, Neil Buckley <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/c3c5c012-21e9-11dd-a50a-000077b07658.html?nclick_check=1">On the offensive: How Gunvor rose to the top of Russian oil trading</a> - Financial Times, May 14, 2008</li> <li>Gennady Timchenko <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/9ed1d460-279a-11dd-b7cb-000077b07658.html">Gunvor, Putin and me: the truth about Russian oil trader</a> - Financial Times, May 22, 2008</li> <li>An article from Michael J. Economides published by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120301011839/http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?id=22216">Human Events</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/node/21554185">"Gunvor: Riddles, mysteries and enigmas"</a>. <i>The Economist</i>. May 5–11, 2012. pp. <span class="nowrap">56–</span>59<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Gunvor%3A+Riddles%2C+mysteries+and+enigmas&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E56-%3C%2Fspan%3E59&rft.date=2012-05-05%2F2012-05-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnode%2F21554185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunvor" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gunvor&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gunvor_(multinational)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gunvor (multinational)">Gunvor (multinational)</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gunvorgroup.com/">Official website</a></span></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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