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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alicante"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>Alicante</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alicante-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Siena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.3</span> <span>Siena</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Siena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manoppello" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manoppello"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.4</span> <span>Manoppello</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manoppello-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.5</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_relics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_relics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Other relics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_relics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other relics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_relics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nativity_and_childhood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nativity_and_childhood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Nativity and childhood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nativity_and_childhood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Last_Supper" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Last_Supper"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>The Last Supper</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Last_Supper-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Last_Supper_knife" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Last_Supper_knife"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Last Supper knife</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Last_Supper_knife-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Holy_Chalice_(Holy_Grail)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holy_Chalice_(Holy_Grail)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Holy Chalice (Holy Grail)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holy_Chalice_(Holy_Grail)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crown_of_Thorns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crown_of_Thorns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Crown of Thorns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crown_of_Thorns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crucifixion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crucifixion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Crucifixion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crucifixion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bodily_relics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bodily_relics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Bodily relics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bodily_relics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>General sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christusreliquie" title="Christusreliquie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Christusreliquie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliquias_asociadas_con_Jes%C3%BAs" title="Reliquias asociadas con Jesús – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Reliquias asociadas con Jesús" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="آثار منسوب به عیسی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آثار منسوب به عیسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliques_attribu%C3%A9es_%C3%A0_J%C3%A9sus" title="Reliques attribuées à Jésus – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Reliques attribuées à Jésus" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%88%EC%88%98_%EA%B4%80%EB%A0%A8_%EC%84%B1%EC%9C%A0%EB%AC%BC" title="예수 관련 성유물 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="예수 관련 성유물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relikui_yang_berhubungan_dengan_Yesus_Kristus" title="Relikui yang berhubungan dengan Yesus Kristus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Relikui yang berhubungan dengan Yesus Kristus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliquie_attribuite_a_Ges%C3%B9" title="Reliquie attribuite a Gesù – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Reliquie attribuite a Gesù" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0sa_ile_ili%C5%9Fkilendirilen_kutsal_emanetler" title="İsa ile ilişkilendirilen kutsal emanetler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Jesus" title="Category:Jesus">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus"><img alt="Jesus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/JesusYeshua.svg/200px-JesusYeshua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/JesusYeshua.svg/300px-JesusYeshua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/JesusYeshua.svg/400px-JesusYeshua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="819" data-file-height="234" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus in Christianity</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_and_titles_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament" title="Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament">Names and titles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Jesus" title="Life of Jesus">Life of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_harmony" title="Gospel harmony">Gospel harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_places_associated_with_Jesus" title="New Testament places associated with Jesus">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_birth_of_Jesus" title="Virgin birth of Jesus">Virgin birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">Parables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humiliation_of_Christ" title="Humiliation of Christ">Humiliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_obedience_of_Christ" title="Active obedience of Christ">Obedience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_of_Christ" title="Session of Christ">Heavenly Session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercession_of_Christ" title="Intercession of Christ">Intercession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visions_of_Jesus_and_Mary" title="Visions of Jesus and Mary">Apparitions and visions of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second Coming</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">Jesus in Islam</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masih_(title)" title="Masih (title)">Masih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_in_Islam" title="Gospel in Islam">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_and_titles_of_Jesus_in_the_Quran" title="Names and titles of Jesus in the Quran">Names and titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_in_Islam" title="Mary in Islam">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Jesus_in_Islam" title="Disciples of Jesus in Islam">Disciples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_views_on_Jesus%27s_death" title="Islamic views on Jesus's death">Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology#Isa" title="Islamic eschatology">End times</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Historical_background_of_the_New_Testament" title="Historical background of the New Testament">Background</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_background_of_the_New_Testament" title="Historical background of the New Testament">Background to the New Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_of_Jesus" title="Language of Jesus">Language spoken by Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_appearance_of_Jesus" title="Race and appearance of Jesus">Jesus's race</a> / <a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Jesus" title="Genealogy of Jesus">genealogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_of_Jesus" title="Mental health of Jesus">Mental health of Jesus</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_Jesus" title="Historicity of Jesus">Jesus in history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Jesus" title="Chronology of Jesus">Chronology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Jesus" title="Historical Jesus">Historical Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quest_for_the_historical_Jesus" title="Quest for the historical Jesus">Quest for the historical Jesus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_Jesus" title="Historicity of Jesus">Historicity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sources_for_the_historicity_of_Jesus" title="Sources for the historicity of Jesus">Sources for the historicity of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_reliability_of_the_Gospels" title="Historical reliability of the Gospels">Reliability of the Gospels</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_comparative_mythology" title="Jesus in comparative mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_myth_theory" title="Christ myth theory">Jesus myth theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Jesus" title="Criticism of Jesus">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unknown_years_of_Jesus" title="Unknown years of Jesus">Unknown years</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Relics</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Religious_perspectives_on_Jesus" title="Religious perspectives on Jesus">Perspectives on Jesus</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_Jesus" title="Jewish views on Jesus">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_the_Talmud" title="Jesus in the Talmud">Talmud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Ahmadiyya_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus in Ahmadiyya Islam">Ahmadi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Manichaeism" title="Jesus in Manichaeism">Manichaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Mandaeism" title="Jesus in Mandaeism">Mandaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephus_on_Jesus" title="Josephus on Jesus">Josephus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacitus_on_Jesus" title="Tacitus on Jesus">Tacitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_bar_Serapion_on_Jesus" title="Mara bar Serapion on Jesus">Bar-Serapion</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Depiction_of_Jesus" title="Depiction of Jesus">Jesus in culture</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Christ_in_art" title="Life of Christ in art">Life in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Christ_Museum" title="Life of Christ Museum">Life of Christ Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depiction_of_Jesus" title="Depiction of Jesus">Depiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesuism" title="Jesuism">Jesuism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-top:0.1em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.5em;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jesus" title="Template:Jesus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jesus" title="Template talk:Jesus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jesus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jesus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A number of alleged <b>relics associated with Jesus</b> have been displayed throughout the history of Christianity. While some individuals believe in the authenticity of Jesus <a href="/wiki/Relic" title="Relic">relics</a>, others doubt their validity. For instance, the sixteenth-century philosopher <a href="/wiki/Erasmus" title="Erasmus">Erasmus</a> wrote about the proliferation of relics, and the number of buildings that could be constructed from wooden relics claimed to be from the <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">crucifixion cross of Jesus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, at least thirty <a href="/wiki/Holy_Nail" title="Holy Nail">Holy Nails</a> were venerated as relics across Europe in the early 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-HN_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HN-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Part of the relics are included in the so-called <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Arma_Christi" title="Arma Christi">Arma Christi</a></i></span> ("Weapons of Christ"), or the Instruments of the Passion. </p><p>Some relics, such as remnants of the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_thorns" title="Crown of thorns">crown of thorns</a>, receive only a modest number of pilgrims, while others, such as the <a href="/wiki/Shroud_of_Turin" title="Shroud of Turin">Shroud of Turin</a>, receive millions of pilgrims, including <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As Christian teaching generally states that <a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Christ was assumed into heaven corporeally</a>, there are few bodily relics apart from those described as being removed or expelled from Christ's body prior to his ascension, such as the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Prepuce" title="Holy Prepuce">Holy Foreskin of Jesus</a> or the blood of the <a href="/wiki/Sudarium_of_Oviedo" title="Sudarium of Oviedo">Oviedo Shroud</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_True_Cross">The True Cross</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relics_associated_with_Jesus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: The True Cross"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Accademia_-_Giambattista_tiepolo_-_Esaltazione_della_croce,_1740-45_ca.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Accademia_-_Giambattista_tiepolo_-_Esaltazione_della_croce%2C_1740-45_ca.jpg/220px-Accademia_-_Giambattista_tiepolo_-_Esaltazione_della_croce%2C_1740-45_ca.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Accademia_-_Giambattista_tiepolo_-_Esaltazione_della_croce%2C_1740-45_ca.jpg/330px-Accademia_-_Giambattista_tiepolo_-_Esaltazione_della_croce%2C_1740-45_ca.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Accademia_-_Giambattista_tiepolo_-_Esaltazione_della_croce%2C_1740-45_ca.jpg/440px-Accademia_-_Giambattista_tiepolo_-_Esaltazione_della_croce%2C_1740-45_ca.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4757" data-file-height="4660" /></a><figcaption>Discovery of the True Cross, by <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Tiepolo" title="Giovanni Battista Tiepolo">Tiepolo</a>, 1745</figcaption></figure> <p>The "<a href="/wiki/True_Cross" title="True Cross">True Cross</a>" refers to the actual cross used in the <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion of Jesus</a>. Today, many fragments of wood are claimed as True Cross relics, but it is hard to establish their authenticity. The story of the fourth-century discovery of the True Cross was reported in <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_de_Voragine" title="Jacobus de Voragine">Jacobus de Voragine</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Legend" class="mw-redirect" title="The Golden Legend">The Golden Legend</a></i> published in 1260, that included the lore of saints venerated at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tradition and legend attribute the discovery of the True Cross to <a href="/wiki/Helena,_mother_of_Constantine_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Helena, mother of Constantine the Great">Helena, mother of Constantine the Great</a> who went to Syria Palaestina during the fourth century in search of relics. <a href="/wiki/Eusebius_of_Caesarea" class="mw-redirect" title="Eusebius of Caesarea">Eusebius of Caesarea</a> was the only contemporary author to write about Helena's journey in his <i>Life of Constantine</i>. But Eusebius did not mention the True Cross, although he dwelt on the piety of Helena and her reporting the site of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Sepulchre" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Sepulchre">Holy Sepulchre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the fifth century writings by <a href="/wiki/Socrates_Scholasticus" class="mw-redirect" title="Socrates Scholasticus">Socrates Scholasticus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sozomen" title="Sozomen">Sozomen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Theodoret" title="Theodoret">Theodoret</a> report on the finding of the True Cross.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pieces of the purported <a href="/wiki/True_Cross" title="True Cross">True Cross</a>, including half of the <a href="/wiki/INRI" class="mw-redirect" title="INRI">INRI</a> inscription tablet, are preserved at the <a href="/wiki/Basilica" title="Basilica">basilica</a> <a href="/wiki/Santa_Croce_in_Gerusalemme" title="Santa Croce in Gerusalemme">Santa Croce in Gerusalemme</a> in Rome. Other small pieces of the True Cross are reportedly preserved in hundreds of other European churches. The authenticity of the relics and the accuracy of reports of finding the True Cross is not accepted by all Christians. The belief in the <a href="/wiki/Early_Christian_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Christian Church">Early Christian Church tradition</a> regarding the True Cross is generally restricted to the Catholic and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox Churches">Eastern Orthodox Churches</a>. The medieval legends of the True Cross provenance differ between Catholic and Eastern Orthodox tradition. These churches honour Helena as a saint, as does also the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ACCalendar_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACCalendar-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Acheiropoieta"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Acheiropoieta</i></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relics_associated_with_Jesus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Acheiropoieta"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A number of <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Acheiropoieta" title="Acheiropoieta">acheiropoieta</a></i></span> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">made without hand</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>; icons not made by hand) images reported to be of the face or body of Jesus impressed on cloth have been displayed. In many cases these images are subject to intense debate and speculation. Although devotions to the face of Jesus are practiced, the term "<a href="/wiki/Holy_Face_of_Jesus" title="Holy Face of Jesus">Holy Face of Jesus</a>" relates to the specific devotions approved by Pope <a href="/wiki/Leo_XIII" class="mw-redirect" title="Leo XIII">Leo XIII</a> in 1895 and Pope <a href="/wiki/Pius_XII" class="mw-redirect" title="Pius XII">Pius XII</a> in 1958 for the image from the <a href="/wiki/Shroud_of_Turin" title="Shroud of Turin">Shroud of Turin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shroud_of_Turin">Shroud of Turin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relics_associated_with_Jesus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Shroud of Turin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shroud_of_Turin" title="Shroud of Turin">Shroud of Turin</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shroud_positive_negative_compare.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Shroud_positive_negative_compare.jpg/240px-Shroud_positive_negative_compare.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Shroud_positive_negative_compare.jpg/360px-Shroud_positive_negative_compare.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Shroud_positive_negative_compare.jpg 2x" data-file-width="441" data-file-height="364" /></a><figcaption>A photo of the <a href="/wiki/Shroud_of_Turin" title="Shroud of Turin">Shroud of Turin</a> face, positive left, negative on the right, having been contrast enhanced</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Shroud_of_Turin" title="Shroud of Turin">Shroud of Turin</a> is the best-known and most intensively studied relic of Jesus.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1988, <a href="/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating" title="Radiocarbon dating">radiocarbon dating</a> determined that the shroud was from the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, between the years 1260 and 1390.<sup id="cite_ref-'Turin_Nature_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-'Turin_Nature-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sudarium_of_Oviedo">Sudarium of Oviedo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relics_associated_with_Jesus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sudarium of Oviedo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Santo_Sudario_Oviedo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Santo_Sudario_Oviedo.jpg/260px-Santo_Sudario_Oviedo.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Santo_Sudario_Oviedo.jpg/390px-Santo_Sudario_Oviedo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Santo_Sudario_Oviedo.jpg/520px-Santo_Sudario_Oviedo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3604" data-file-height="2368" /></a><figcaption>The Sudarium of Oviedo.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Sudarium_of_Oviedo" title="Sudarium of Oviedo">Sudarium of Oviedo</a> is a bloodstained cloth, measuring 84 cm × 53 cm (33 in × 21 in), curated in the <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1mara_Santa,_Oviedo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cámara Santa, Oviedo">Cámara Santa</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_San_Salvador_(Oviedo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of San Salvador (Oviedo)">Cathedral of San Salvador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a>, Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Sudarium (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> for "sweat cloth") is purportedly the cloth wrapped around the head of <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a> after he died, noted in the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a> (20:6–7).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Sudarium is soiled and crumpled, with dark flecks that are symmetrically arranged but do not form an image as with the Shroud of Turin. Proponents for the relic's authenticity, such as Vatican archivist Msgr Giulio Ricci,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> contend that both cloths covered the same man. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Image_of_Edessa">Image of Edessa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relics_associated_with_Jesus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Image of Edessa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Holy_Face_-_Genoa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Holy_Face_-_Genoa.jpg/220px-Holy_Face_-_Genoa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Holy_Face_-_Genoa.jpg/330px-Holy_Face_-_Genoa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Holy_Face_-_Genoa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="423" data-file-height="578" /></a><figcaption>The Holy Face of Genoa</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Image_of_Edessa" title="Image of Edessa">Image of Edessa</a> is also known as the Mandylion. Two images are claimed to be the Mandylion: the Holy Face of Genoa at the <a href="/wiki/San_Bartolomeo_degli_Armeni" title="San Bartolomeo degli Armeni">Church of St. Bartholomew of The Armenians</a> in <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a> and the Holy Face of San Silvestro, curated in the Church of <a href="/wiki/San_Silvestro_in_Capite" title="San Silvestro in Capite">San Silvestro in Capite</a> in Rome until 1870, and now in the Matilda Chapel of the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican Palace">Vatican Palace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That the Mandylion is in fact the <a href="/wiki/Shroud_of_Turin" title="Shroud of Turin">Shroud of Turin</a> is the subject of debate.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Veil_of_Veronica">Veil of Veronica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relics_associated_with_Jesus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Veil of Veronica"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Veil_of_Veronica" title="Veil of Veronica">Veil of Veronica</a>, used to wipe the sweat from Jesus' brow as he carried the cross, is claimed to bear the likeness of the face of Christ. Today, several relics are claimed to be the Veil of Veronica, with several age-old copies also being venerated. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rome">Rome</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relics_associated_with_Jesus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Rome"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An image kept in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Peter's Basilica">Saint Peter's Basilica</a> in Rome since the 14th century is purported to be the Veil of Veronica revered in the Middle Ages. The most detailed recorded inspection in the 20th century occurred in 1907 when Jesuit art historian Joseph Wilpert inspected the image.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENickell200775_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENickell200775-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Hofburg_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Hofburg Palace">Hofburg Palace</a> in Vienna has a copy of the Veil of Veronica, identified by the 1617 AD signature of the secretary of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_V" title="Pope Paul V">Pope Paul V</a>, during whose reign a series of six copies of the veil were made.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Alicante">Alicante</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relics_associated_with_Jesus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Alicante"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The image at the Monastery of the Holy Face in <a href="/wiki/Alicante" title="Alicante">Alicante</a>, Spain was acquired by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_V" title="Pope Nicholas V">Pope Nicholas V</a> from relatives of the Byzantine Emperor in 1453 and placed in Alicante in 1489.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Siena">Siena</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relics_associated_with_Jesus&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Siena"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n_Cathedral" title="Jaén Cathedral">Jaén Cathedral</a> in Spain has a copy of the Veronica which probably dates from 14th century Siena, known as the <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Santo Rostro</i></span> and acquired by Bishop Nicholas de Biedma.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Manoppello">Manoppello</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relics_associated_with_Jesus&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Manoppello"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1999, Father Heinnrich Pfeiffer announced at a press conference in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> that he had found the Veil in the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor_Capuchin" title="Order of Friars Minor Capuchin">Capuchin</a> monastery in the village of <a href="/wiki/Manoppello,_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Manoppello, Italy">Manoppello, Italy</a>, where it had been since 1660.<sup id="cite_ref-Ian_Wilson_page_161_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ian_Wilson_page_161-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This Veil is discussed in Paul Badde's 2010 book <i>The Face of God</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Characteristics evidenced during 3D processing of the Manoppello Image have been reported.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gallery">Gallery</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relics_associated_with_Jesus&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 190px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 185px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vatican_Veil_of_Veronica.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Vatican Veil of Veronica"><img alt="The Vatican Veil of Veronica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Vatican_Veil_of_Veronica.jpg/135px-Vatican_Veil_of_Veronica.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Vatican_Veil_of_Veronica.jpg/203px-Vatican_Veil_of_Veronica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Vatican_Veil_of_Veronica.jpg/271px-Vatican_Veil_of_Veronica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="539" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Vatican Veil of Veronica</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 190px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 185px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Volto-Santo_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Manoppello Image"><img alt="The Manoppello Image" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Volto-Santo_01.jpg/147px-Volto-Santo_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Volto-Santo_01.jpg/220px-Volto-Santo_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Volto-Santo_01.jpg/294px-Volto-Santo_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="486" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Manoppello Image</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 190px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 185px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Manoppello_and_Turin_shroud.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Superposition of the Veil of Manoppello on the negative of the Shroud of Turin"><img alt="Superposition of the Veil of Manoppello on the negative of the Shroud of Turin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Manoppello_and_Turin_shroud.jpg/138px-Manoppello_and_Turin_shroud.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Manoppello_and_Turin_shroud.jpg/208px-Manoppello_and_Turin_shroud.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Manoppello_and_Turin_shroud.jpg/277px-Manoppello_and_Turin_shroud.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1588" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Superposition of the Veil of Manoppello on the negative of the Shroud of Turin</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_relics">Other relics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relics_associated_with_Jesus&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Other relics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nativity_and_childhood">Nativity and childhood</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relics_associated_with_Jesus&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Nativity and childhood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sacra_culla.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sacra_culla.jpg/220px-Sacra_culla.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sacra_culla.jpg/330px-Sacra_culla.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sacra_culla.jpg/440px-Sacra_culla.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Reliquary of the Holy Crib</figcaption></figure> <p>Wooden pieces claimed to be remnants of the manger of the baby Jesus reside in the <b>Holy Crib</b> reliquary at the Basilica of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_Maggiore" title="Santa Maria Maggiore">Santa Maria Maggiore</a> in Rome.<sup id="cite_ref-AP19_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP19-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The relic consists of five narrow pieces of <a href="/wiki/Ficus_sycomorus" title="Ficus sycomorus">sycamore</a> wood, which tradition holds to have been brought from the Holy Land either by <a href="/wiki/Helena,_mother_of_Constantine_I" title="Helena, mother of Constantine I">Empress Helena</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Helena,_mother_of_Constantine_I#Pilgrimage_and_relic_discoveries" title="Helena, mother of Constantine I">326-28 pilgrimage</a>), or in the time of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Theodore_I" title="Pope Theodore I">Pope Theodore I</a> (642-649).<sup id="cite_ref-SA_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SA-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TJC_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TJC-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, a fragment of the crib was removed from the Holy Crib reliquary and placed on permanent display at the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Catherine,_Bethlehem" title="Church of Saint Catherine, Bethlehem">Church of Saint Catherine</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AP19_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP19-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Agiou_Pavlou_monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Agiou Pavlou monastery">St. Paul's Monastery</a> on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Athos" title="Mount Athos">Mount Athos</a> claims to have relics of the <b><a href="/wiki/Gifts_of_the_Magi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gifts of the Magi">Gifts of the Magi</a></b>, while in <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik" title="Dubrovnik">Dubrovnik</a>'s cathedral claims to have the <b><a href="/wiki/Swaddling_clothes" class="mw-redirect" title="Swaddling clothes">swaddling clothes</a></b> the <a href="/wiki/Child_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Child Jesus">baby Jesus</a> wore during the <a href="/wiki/Presentation_of_Jesus_at_the_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Presentation of Jesus at the Temple">presentation at the Temple</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Last_Supper">The Last Supper</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relics_associated_with_Jesus&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: The Last Supper"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Last_Supper_knife">Last Supper knife</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relics_associated_with_Jesus&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Last Supper knife"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The knife used by Jesus during the <a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a> was also a matter of veneration in the Middle Ages, according to the 12th-century <i>Guide for Pilgrims</i> to <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to French traveler Jules-Léonard Belin the knife used by Jesus to slice bread was permanently exhibited in the Logetta of <a href="/wiki/St_Mark%27s_Campanile" title="St Mark's Campanile">St Mark's Campanile</a> in Venice.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Holy_Chalice_(Holy_Grail)"><span id="Holy_Chalice_.28Holy_Grail.29"></span>Holy Chalice (Holy Grail)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relics_associated_with_Jesus&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Holy Chalice (Holy Grail)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Holy_Chalice" title="Holy Chalice">Holy Chalice</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Holy_Chalice" title="Holy Chalice">Holy Chalice</a> is the container Jesus used at the Last Supper to serve wine (<a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a> 26:27–28).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several Holy Chalice relics are reported in the legend of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Grail" title="Holy Grail">Holy Grail</a>, though not part of Catholic tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the existing chalices, only the <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Santo Cáliz de Valencia</i></span> (Holy Chalice of the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Valencia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of Valencia">Cathedral of Valencia</a>) is recognized as a "historical relic" by the Vatican,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although not as the actual chalice used at the Last Supper.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though not claiming the relic's authenticity, both <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a> have venerated this chalice at the Cathedral of Valencia.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crown_of_Thorns">Crown of Thorns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relics_associated_with_Jesus&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Crown of Thorns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_thorns" title="Crown of thorns">Crown of thorns</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Couronne_d%27epines_-_Crown_of_Thorns_Notre_Dame_Paris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Couronne_d%27epines_-_Crown_of_Thorns_Notre_Dame_Paris.jpg/220px-Couronne_d%27epines_-_Crown_of_Thorns_Notre_Dame_Paris.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Couronne_d%27epines_-_Crown_of_Thorns_Notre_Dame_Paris.jpg/330px-Couronne_d%27epines_-_Crown_of_Thorns_Notre_Dame_Paris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Couronne_d%27epines_-_Crown_of_Thorns_Notre_Dame_Paris.jpg/440px-Couronne_d%27epines_-_Crown_of_Thorns_Notre_Dame_Paris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="654" data-file-height="708" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Relic" title="Relic">Relic</a> of the crown of thorns, received by French <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">King Louis IX</a> from <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_II,_Latin_Emperor" title="Baldwin II, Latin Emperor">emperor Baldwin II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was preserved at <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Notre-Dame de Paris">Notre-Dame de Paris</a> until April 2019, when it was moved to the Louvre.</figcaption></figure> <p>The relics of <a href="/wiki/Passion_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Passion (Christianity)">the Passion</a> presented at <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Notre-Dame de Paris">Notre-Dame Cathedral</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> include a piece of the True Cross from Rome as delivered by Helena, along with a Holy Nail and the Crown of Thorns. The <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a> tells that, in the night between Maundy Thursday and Good Friday, Roman soldiers mocked Jesus by placing a thorny crown on his head (John 19:12).<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The crown is a circle of cane bundled together and held by gold threads. The thorns were attached to this braided circle, which measured 21 cm (8.3 in) in diameter. The seventy thorns were reportedly divided up between the Byzantine emperors and the Kings of France. </p><p>The accounts of pilgrims to Jerusalem report the Crown of Thorns. In 409, Paulinus of Nola states the Crown was kept in the basilica on Mount Zion in Jerusalem. In 570, Anthony the Martyr reports the Crown of Thorns in the Basilica of Zion. Around 575, Cassiodorus wrote, "Jerusalem has the Column, here, there is the Crown of Thorns!" Between the 7th and the 10th centuries, the Crown of Thorns was moved to the Byzantine emperors' chapel in Constantinople for safekeeping. In 1238, the Latin Emperor <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_II_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Baldwin II of Constantinople">Baldwin II of Constantinople</a> pawned the relics for credit to a Venetian bank. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">Louis IX</a>, the king of France redeemed the Crown from the Venetian Bank. On 10 August 1239, the king deposited 29 relics in <a href="/wiki/Villeneuve-l%27Archev%C3%AAque" title="Villeneuve-l'Archevêque">Villeneuve-l'Archevêque</a>. On 19 August 1239, the relics arrived in Paris. Wearing a simple tunic and with bare feet, the King placed the Crown of Thorns and other relics in the palace chapel in a structure he commissioned. During the French revolution, the relics were stored in the National Library. After the Concordat in 1801, the relics were given to the archbishop of Paris who placed them in the Cathedral treasury on 10 August 1806. Since then, these relics have been conserved by the canons of the Metropolitan Basilica Chapter, who are in charge of venerations, and guarded by the Knights of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem. Napoleon I and Napoleon III each offered reliquaries for the crown of thorns. They were on display at Notre-Dame Cathedral during scheduled religious ceremonies, until a serious fire struck the cathedral on 15 April 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crucifixion">Crucifixion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relics_associated_with_Jesus&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Crucifixion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heiliger_Nagel_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Heiliger_Nagel_1.jpg/180px-Heiliger_Nagel_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="374" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Heiliger_Nagel_1.jpg/269px-Heiliger_Nagel_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Heiliger_Nagel_1.jpg/359px-Heiliger_Nagel_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="785" data-file-height="1633" /></a><figcaption>Relic with a <a href="/wiki/Holy_nail" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy nail">holy nail</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Bamberg_Cathedral" title="Bamberg Cathedral">Bamberg Cathedral</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Many relics currently displayed result from the journey of <a href="/wiki/Helena_(empress)" class="mw-redirect" title="Helena (empress)">Helena</a>, the mother of <a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine the Great</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Syria_Palaestina" title="Syria Palaestina">Syria Palaestina</a> in the 4th century.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The authenticity of many of these relics is questioned. For instance, the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Nails" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Nails">Holy Nails</a> brought back by Helena, some believe the <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i> notes are problematic based on the number of claimed relics:<sup id="cite_ref-HN_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HN-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Very little reliance can be placed upon the authenticity of the thirty or more holy nails which are still venerated, or which have been venerated until recent times, in such treasuries as that of Santa Croce in Rome, or those of Venice, Aachen, Escurial, Nuremberg, Prague, etc. Probably the majority began by professing to be facsimiles which had touched or contained filings from some other nail whose claim was more ancient.</p></blockquote> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Scala_Sancta" title="Scala Sancta">Scala Sancta</a>, the stairs from <a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a>'s praetorium, ascended by Jesus during his trial, were brought to Rome by <a href="/wiki/Helena_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Helena of Constantinople">Helena of Constantinople</a> in the 4th century according to tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENickell200796_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENickell200796-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_Holy_Blood" title="Basilica of the Holy Blood">Basilica of the Holy Blood</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, claims a specimen of Christ's blood on a cloth in a <a href="/wiki/Phial" class="mw-redirect" title="Phial">phial</a>, given by <a href="/wiki/Thierry_of_Alsace" class="mw-redirect" title="Thierry of Alsace">Thierry of Alsace</a> after the 12th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENickell2007169_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENickell2007169-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other claimed relics, based on the <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Crucifixion of Christ">Crucifixion of Christ</a> include: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Holy_Coat" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Coat">Holy Coat</a>: The possession of the seamless garment of Christ (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">tunica inconsultilis</i>; John 19:23),<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for which the soldiers cast lots at the Crucifixion, is claimed by the cathedral of <a href="/wiki/Trier" title="Trier">Trier</a>, Germany, and by the parish church of <a href="/wiki/Argenteuil" title="Argenteuil">Argenteuil</a>, France. The Argenteuil church claims that their Holy Coat was brought by <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENickell2007104_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENickell2007104-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The crucifixion site called Golgotha, is in the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a> in Jerusalem. Inside the church the crucifixion site consists of a pile of rock about 7 metres (23 ft) long by 3 metres (9.8 ft) wide by 4.8 metres (16 ft).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Iron_Crown_of_Lombardy" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron Crown of Lombardy">Iron Crown of Lombardy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bridle_of_Constantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridle of Constantine">Bridle of Constantine</a> are reported to be made from the Holy Nails.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Holy_Lance" title="Holy Lance">Holy Lance</a> is the spear used by the Roman soldier <a href="/wiki/Longinus_(hagiography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Longinus (hagiography)">Longinus</a> to pierce Jesus' side when he was on the cross.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Holy_Sponge" title="Holy Sponge">Holy Sponge</a>, is reported to be in church <a href="/wiki/Santa_Croce_in_Gerusalemme" title="Santa Croce in Gerusalemme">Santa Croce in Gerusalemme</a> in Rome.</li> <li>The Column of the Flagellation, which Jesus was tied to during the <a href="/wiki/Flagellation_of_Christ" title="Flagellation of Christ">Flagellation of Christ</a>, is reportedly in the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_di_Santa_Prassede" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica di Santa Prassede">Basilica of Saint Praxedes</a> in Rome.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bodily_relics">Bodily relics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relics_associated_with_Jesus&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Bodily relics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Christian teaching states that <a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Christ ascended into heaven corporeally</a>. Therefore, the only parts of his body available for <a href="/wiki/Veneration" title="Veneration">veneration</a> are those obtained prior to the Ascension. At various points in history, a number of churches in Europe have claimed to possess the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Prepuce" title="Holy Prepuce">Holy Prepuce</a>, Jesus' <a href="/wiki/Foreskin" title="Foreskin">foreskin</a> from his <a href="/wiki/Circumcision_of_Jesus" title="Circumcision of Jesus">Circumcision</a>; tears shed by Christ when mourning Lazarus; the blood of Christ shed during the crucifixion; a milk tooth that fell out of the mouth of Jesus at the age of 9; beard hair, head hair, Christ's nails.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A section of the Holy Umbilical Cord believed to remain from the birth of Christ is currently in the <a href="/wiki/Archbasilica_of_St._John_Lateran" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbasilica of St. John Lateran">Archbasilica of St. John Lateran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (October 2017)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relics_associated_with_Jesus&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blood_of_Christ" title="Blood of Christ">Blood of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artifacts_significant_to_the_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="List of artifacts significant to the Bible">List of artifacts significant to the Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament" class="mw-redirect" title="Life of Jesus in the New Testament">Life of Jesus in the New Testament</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relics_associated_with_Jesus&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDillenberger1999">Dillenberger 1999</a>, p. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HN-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HN_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HN_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFThurston1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Thurston, Herbert (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Holy Nails"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Holy_Nails">"Holy Nails" </a></span>. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Holy+Nails&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Thurston&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelics+associated+with+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPope_John_Paul_II1998" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> (1998-05-24), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/travels/documents/hf_jp-ii_spe_24051998_sindone_en.html"><i>Pope John Paul II's address in Turin Cathedral</i></a>, Holy See</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pope+John+Paul+II%27s+address+in+Turin+Cathedral&rft.pub=Holy+See&rft.date=1998-05-24&rft.au=Pope+John+Paul+II&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fholy_father%2Fjohn_paul_ii%2Ftravels%2Fdocuments%2Fhf_jp-ii_spe_24051998_sindone_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelics+associated+with+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Margaret Aston, <i>Faith and Fire</i> Continuum Publishing, 1993 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85285-073-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-85285-073-6">1-85285-073-6</a> p. 272</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/fathers2/NPNF2-01/Npnf2-01-29.htm#P7646_3165242">"NPNF2-01. Eusebius Pamphilius: Church History, Life of Constantine, Oration in Praise of Constantine - Christian Classics Ethereal Library"</a>. <i>www.ccel.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ccel.org&rft.atitle=NPNF2-01.+Eusebius+Pamphilius%3A+Church+History%2C+Life+of+Constantine%2C+Oration+in+Praise+of+Constantine+-+Christian+Classics+Ethereal+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccel.org%2Ffathers2%2FNPNF2-01%2FNpnf2-01-29.htm%23P7646_3165242&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelics+associated+with+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThieded'Ancona2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Carsten_Peter_Thiede" title="Carsten Peter Thiede">Thiede, Carsten Pet</a>; <a href="/wiki/Matthew_d%27Ancona" title="Matthew d'Ancona">d'Ancona, Matthew</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/questfortruecros00cars/page/22"><i>The quest for the true cross</i></a>. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780297842286" title="Special:BookSources/9780297842286"><bdi>9780297842286</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+quest+for+the+true+cross&rft.place=London&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780297842286&rft.aulast=Thiede&rft.aufirst=Carsten+Pet&rft.au=d%27Ancona%2C+Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fquestfortruecros00cars%2Fpage%2F22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelics+associated+with+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ACCalendar-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ACCalendar_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anglicancatholic.org/liturgicalcalendars/280">"Saint Helena Queen and Widow"</a>. <i>anglicancatholic.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=anglicancatholic.org&rft.atitle=Saint+Helena+Queen+and+Widow&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anglicancatholic.org%2Fliturgicalcalendars%2F280&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelics+associated+with+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCruz2003">Cruz 2003</a>, p. 200</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Shroud of Turin is the single, most studied artifact in human history" statement considered as "widely accepted" in Lloyd A Currie, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nvl.nist.gov/pub/nistpubs/jres/109/2/j92cur.pdf">The Remarkable Metrological History of Radiocarbon Dating [II]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101206195414/http://nvl.nist.gov/pub/nistpubs/jres/109/2/j92cur.pdf">Archived</a> 2010-12-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, <i>J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.</i> 109, 2004, p. 200.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-'Turin_Nature-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-'Turin_Nature_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDamonDonahueGoreHatheway1989" class="citation journal cs1">Damon, P. E.; Donahue, D. J.; Gore, B. H.; Hatheway, A. L.; Jull, A. J. T.; Linick, T. W.; Sercel, P. J.; Toolin, L. J.; Bronk, C. R.; Hall, E. T.; Hedges, R. E. M.; Housley, R.; Law, I. A.; Perry, C.; Bonani, G.; <a href="/wiki/Susan_Trumbore" title="Susan Trumbore">Trumbore, S.</a>; Woelfli, W.; Ambers, J. C.; Bowman, S. G. E.; Leese, M. N.; Tite, M. S. (16 February 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://escholarship.org/content/qt6x77r7m1/qt6x77r7m1.pdf?t=nus03r">"Radiocarbon dating of the Shroud of Turin"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>337</b> (6208): 611–615. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989Natur.337..611D">1989Natur.337..611D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F337611a0">10.1038/337611a0</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:27686437">27686437</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Radiocarbon+dating+of+the+Shroud+of+Turin&rft.volume=337&rft.issue=6208&rft.pages=611-615&rft.date=1989-02-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A27686437%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F337611a0&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1989Natur.337..611D&rft.aulast=Damon&rft.aufirst=P.+E.&rft.au=Donahue%2C+D.+J.&rft.au=Gore%2C+B.+H.&rft.au=Hatheway%2C+A.+L.&rft.au=Jull%2C+A.+J.+T.&rft.au=Linick%2C+T.+W.&rft.au=Sercel%2C+P.+J.&rft.au=Toolin%2C+L.+J.&rft.au=Bronk%2C+C.+R.&rft.au=Hall%2C+E.+T.&rft.au=Hedges%2C+R.+E.+M.&rft.au=Housley%2C+R.&rft.au=Law%2C+I.+A.&rft.au=Perry%2C+C.&rft.au=Bonani%2C+G.&rft.au=Trumbore%2C+S.&rft.au=Woelfli%2C+W.&rft.au=Ambers%2C+J.+C.&rft.au=Bowman%2C+S.+G.+E.&rft.au=Leese%2C+M.+N.&rft.au=Tite%2C+M.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fescholarship.org%2Fcontent%2Fqt6x77r7m1%2Fqt6x77r7m1.pdf%3Ft%3Dnus03r&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelics+associated+with+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael McDonnell (2007). <i>Lost Treasures of the Bible</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84753-316-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-84753-316-7">1-84753-316-7</a>. page 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:John%2020:6–7">John 20:6–7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRuffin1999">Ruffin 1999</a>, p. 47</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoulden2003">Houlden 2003</a>, vol. 2, p. 66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilson1991">Wilson 1991</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENickell200775-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENickell200775_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNickell2007">Nickell (2007)</a>, p. 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilson1991">Wilson 1991</a>, p. 157</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilson1991">Wilson 1991</a>, p. 94</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ian_Wilson_page_161-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ian_Wilson_page_161_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ian Wilson, <i>Holy Faces, Secret Places</i>, page 161</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Face of God: The Rediscovery of the True Face of Jesus, Igantius Press, Paul Badde, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.shroud.com/pdfs/jaworski.pdf">[1]</a> J. Jaworski, G. Fanti 3-D PROCESSING TO EVIDENCE CHARACTERISTICS REPRESENTED IN MANOPPELLO VEIL (article)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AP19-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AP19_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP19_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/religion/relic-thought-be-jesus-manger-arrives-bethlehem-n1093676">"Relic thought to be from Jesus' manger arrives in Bethlehem"</a>. <i>nbcnews.com</i>. The Associated Press. 2019-11-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=nbcnews.com&rft.atitle=Relic+thought+to+be+from+Jesus%27+manger+arrives+in+Bethlehem&rft.date=2019-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Freligion%2Frelic-thought-be-jesus-manger-arrives-bethlehem-n1093676&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelics+associated+with+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SA-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SA_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLonghurst" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Longhurst, Christopher. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sacredarchitecture.org/articles/a_roman_christmas_ritual_micro_architecture_and_the_theatre_of_the_presepio">"A Roman Christmas Ritual: Micro-Architecture and the Theatre of the Presepio"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Duncan_G._Stroik#Institute_for_Sacred_Architecture_and_The_Sacred_Architecture_Journal" title="Duncan G. Stroik">Sacred Architecture</a></i>. 16 (Fall 2009). The Institute for Sacred Architecture<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sacred+Architecture&rft.atitle=A+Roman+Christmas+Ritual%3A+Micro-Architecture+and+the+Theatre+of+the+Presepio&rft.volume=16+%28Fall+2009%29&rft.aulast=Longhurst&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sacredarchitecture.org%2Farticles%2Fa_roman_christmas_ritual_micro_architecture_and_the_theatre_of_the_presepio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelics+associated+with+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TJC-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TJC_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraughwell2011" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Craughwell, Thomas J. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jQblhT1XtkMC&pg=PA124">"Holy Manger (first venerated in the fourth or seventh century)"</a>. <i>Saints Preserved: An Encyclopedia of Relics</i>. <a href="/wiki/Crown_Publishing_Group" title="Crown Publishing Group">Crown Publishing Group</a>. pp. 123–124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0307590749" title="Special:BookSources/978-0307590749"><bdi>978-0307590749</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Holy+Manger+%28first+venerated+in+the+fourth+or+seventh+century%29&rft.btitle=Saints+Preserved%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Relics&rft.pages=123-124&rft.pub=Crown+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0307590749&rft.aulast=Craughwell&rft.aufirst=Thomas+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjQblhT1XtkMC%26pg%3DPA124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelics+associated+with+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanekovic-Romer1996" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Janekovic-Romer, Zdenka (1996), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/76971"><i>Javni rituali u politickom diskursu humanistickog Dubrovnika</i></a> (in Croatian), Zavod za hrvatsku povijest Filozofskog fakulteta Zagreb - Institute of Croatian history, Faculty of Philosophy Zagreb, p. 78</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Javni+rituali+u+politickom+diskursu+humanistickog+Dubrovnika&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=Zavod+za+hrvatsku+povijest+Filozofskog+fakulteta+Zagreb+-+Institute+of+Croatian+history%2C+Faculty+of+Philosophy+Zagreb&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Janekovic-Romer&rft.aufirst=Zdenka&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2Ffile%2F76971&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelics+associated+with+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnoek1995" class="citation cs2">Snoek, Godefridus (1995), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vXtHb-OODMkC&pg=PA281"><i>Medieval Piety from Relics to the Eucharist</i></a>, Leiden: E.J. Brill, p. 248, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-10263-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-10263-7"><bdi>978-90-04-10263-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Piety+from+Relics+to+the+Eucharist&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=248&rft.pub=E.J.+Brill&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-90-04-10263-7&rft.aulast=Snoek&rft.aufirst=Godefridus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvXtHb-OODMkC%26pg%3DPA281&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelics+associated+with+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBelin1843" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Belin, Julien-Léonard (1843), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bOQNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA218"><i>Le Simplon et l'Italie septentrionale: promenades et pèlerinages</i></a> (in French), Belin-Leprieur, p. 218</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Simplon+et+l%27Italie+septentrionale%3A+promenades+et+p%C3%A8lerinages&rft.pages=218&rft.pub=Belin-Leprieur&rft.date=1843&rft.aulast=Belin&rft.aufirst=Julien-L%C3%A9onard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbOQNAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DRA1-PA218&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelics+associated+with+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:Matthew%2026:27–28">Matthew 26:27–28</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThurston1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Thurston, Herbert (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Chalice"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Chalice">"Chalice" </a></span>. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chalice&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Thurston&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelics+associated+with+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catedraldevalencia.es/en/el-santo-caliz_historia.php">"The History of the Holy Chalice"</a>, <i>Official website of the Valencia cathedral - The Holy Chalice of the Lord Supper</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+History+of+the+Holy+Chalice&rft.btitle=Official+website+of+the+Valencia+cathedral+-+The+Holy+Chalice+of+the+Lord+Supper&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catedraldevalencia.es%2Fen%2Fel-santo-caliz_historia.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelics+associated+with+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGriffin2001">Griffin 2001</a>, p. 103</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100725102819/http://www.zenit.org/article-16519?l=english"><i>Pope to Venerate Holy Grail</i></a>, Zenit News, 2006-07-07, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zenit.org/article-16519?l=english">the original</a> on 2010-07-25</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pope+to+Venerate+Holy+Grail&rft.pub=Zenit+News&rft.date=2006-07-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zenit.org%2Farticle-16519%3Fl%3Denglish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelics+associated+with+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavisson2004" class="citation book cs1">Davisson, Darrell D (2004). Kleinhenz, Christopher (ed.). <i>Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia</i>. Vol. 1. Abingdon, England: Routledge. p. 955. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415939294" title="Special:BookSources/9780415939294"><bdi>9780415939294</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Italy%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+England&rft.pages=955&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780415939294&rft.aulast=Davisson&rft.aufirst=Darrell+D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelics+associated+with+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:John%2019:12">John 19:12</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.notredamedeparis.fr/Veneration-of-the-Crown-of-Thorns">Notre Dame de Paris - Veneration of the Crown</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101028110046/http://www.notredamedeparis.fr/Veneration-of-the-Crown-of-Thorns">Archived</a> 2010-10-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2019/04/16/notre-dame-cathedral-art-relics-saved-fire-firefighters-crown-of-thorns-paris/3485917002/">"Notre Dame fire: Paris Fire Brigade chaplain braved the blaze to rescue cathedral treasures"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>. 2019-04-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Notre+Dame+fire%3A+Paris+Fire+Brigade+chaplain+braved+the+blaze+to+rescue+cathedral+treasures&rft.date=2019-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F2019%2F04%2F16%2Fnotre-dame-cathedral-art-relics-saved-fire-firefighters-crown-of-thorns-paris%2F3485917002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelics+associated+with+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENickell200796-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENickell200796_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNickell2007">Nickell (2007)</a>, p. 96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENickell2007169-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENickell2007169_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNickell2007">Nickell (2007)</a>, p. 169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:John%2019:23">John 19:23</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENickell2007104-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENickell2007104_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNickell2007">Nickell (2007)</a>, p. 104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Collin_de_Plancy" title="Jacques Collin de Plancy">Jacques Albin Simon Collin de Plancy</a>. <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3ADictionnaire_critique_des_reliques_et_des_images_miraculeuses%2C_T2.pdf&page=53">Dictionnaire critique des reliques et des images miraculeuses, T. 2. 1827. / Jésus-Christ / P. 43-80.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Nourry" title="Émile Nourry">P. Saintyves</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lesreliquesetles00sain/page/106/mode/2up">Les reliques et les images légendaires. — Paris: Mercure de France, 1912. — / Les reliques corporelles du Christ / P. 107—184.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goitaly.about.com/od/romeattractions/tp/rome-relics.htm">"Where to See Religious Relics in Rome, Italy"</a>. <i>about.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=about.com&rft.atitle=Where+to+See+Religious+Relics+in+Rome%2C+Italy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgoitaly.about.com%2Fod%2Fromeattractions%2Ftp%2Frome-relics.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelics+associated+with+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_sources">General sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relics_associated_with_Jesus&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: General sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCruz1984" class="citation cs2">Cruz, Joan Carroll (October 1984), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2NutWXeteNgC"><i>Relics</i></a>, Our Sunday Visitor Publishing, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87973-701-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87973-701-6"><bdi>978-0-87973-701-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Relics&rft.pub=Our+Sunday+Visitor+Publishing&rft.date=1984-10&rft.isbn=978-0-87973-701-6&rft.aulast=Cruz&rft.aufirst=Joan+Carroll&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2NutWXeteNgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelics+associated+with+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCruz2003" class="citation cs2">Cruz, Joan Carroll (May 2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tvvy3Rzcw8AC"><i>Saintly Men of Modern Times</i></a>, Our Sunday Visitor Publishing, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-931709-77-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-931709-77-4"><bdi>978-1-931709-77-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saintly+Men+of+Modern+Times&rft.pub=Our+Sunday+Visitor+Publishing&rft.date=2003-05&rft.isbn=978-1-931709-77-4&rft.aulast=Cruz&rft.aufirst=Joan+Carroll&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dtvvy3Rzcw8AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelics+associated+with+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDillenberger1999" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/John_Dillenberger" title="John Dillenberger">Dillenberger, John</a> (1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qubuIWylVJUC"><i>Images and relics: theological perceptions and visual images in sixteenth-century Europe</i></a>, Oxford University Press US, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512172-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512172-8"><bdi>978-0-19-512172-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Images+and+relics%3A+theological+perceptions+and+visual+images+in+sixteenth-century+Europe&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press+US&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-19-512172-8&rft.aulast=Dillenberger&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqubuIWylVJUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelics+associated+with+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffin2001" class="citation cs2">Griffin, Justin (July 2001), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=trapHyJ5PxEC"><i>The Holy Grail: the legend, the history, the evidence</i></a>, McFarland, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-0999-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-0999-0"><bdi>978-0-7864-0999-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Holy+Grail%3A+the+legend%2C+the+history%2C+the+evidence&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2001-07&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-0999-0&rft.aulast=Griffin&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtrapHyJ5PxEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelics+associated+with+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoulden2003" class="citation cs2">Houlden, James Leslie (2003), <i>Jesus in History, Thought, and Culture</i>, Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio Inc, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-856-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-856-3"><bdi>978-1-57607-856-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+in+History%2C+Thought%2C+and+Culture&rft.place=Santa+Barbara&rft.pub=ABC-Clio+Inc&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-856-3&rft.aulast=Houlden&rft.aufirst=James+Leslie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelics+associated+with+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNickell2007" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Nickell" title="Joe Nickell">Nickell, Joe</a> (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/relicsofchrist00joen"><i>Relics of the Christ</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Kentucky" title="Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Kentucky" title="University Press of Kentucky">University Press of Kentucky</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-2425-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-2425-4"><bdi>978-0-8131-2425-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Relics+of+the+Christ&rft.place=Lexington&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8131-2425-4&rft.aulast=Nickell&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frelicsofchrist00joen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelics+associated+with+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuffin1999" class="citation cs2">Ruffin, Bernard (1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M35HX5bNI4QC"><i>The Shroud of Turin: the most up-to-date analysis of all the facts regarding the Church's controversial relic</i></a>, Huntington: <a href="/wiki/Our_Sunday_Visitor" title="Our Sunday Visitor">Our Sunday Visitor</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87973-617-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87973-617-0"><bdi>978-0-87973-617-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Shroud+of+Turin%3A+the+most+up-to-date+analysis+of+all+the+facts+regarding+the+Church%27s+controversial+relic&rft.place=Huntington&rft.pub=Our+Sunday+Visitor&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-87973-617-0&rft.aulast=Ruffin&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM35HX5bNI4QC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelics+associated+with+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1991" class="citation cs2">Wilson, Ian (1991), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780385261050"><i>Holy Faces, Secret Places</i></a>, London: Doubleday, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-26105-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-26105-0"><bdi>978-0-385-26105-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Holy+Faces%2C+Secret+Places&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-385-26105-0&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780385261050&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelics+associated+with+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relics_associated_with_Jesus&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBella,_FrancescoCarlo_Azzi2002" class="citation journal cs1">Bella, Francesco; Carlo Azzi (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webs.ono.com/sepulcro2004/datacion.pdf">"14C Dating of the 'Titulis Crucis'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Radiocarbon</i>. <b>44</b> (3). University of Arizona: 685–689. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002Radcb..44..685B">2002Radcb..44..685B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0033822200032136">10.1017/S0033822200032136</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-09-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiocarbon&rft.atitle=14C+Dating+of+the+%27Titulis+Crucis%27&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=685-689&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0033822200032136&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2002Radcb..44..685B&rft.au=Bella%2C+Francesco&rft.au=Carlo+Azzi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwebs.ono.com%2Fsepulcro2004%2Fdatacion.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelics+associated+with+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenford,_M._SueJoseph_G._Marino2008" class="citation journal cs1">Benford, M. Sue; Joseph G. Marino (July–August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120304150614/http://chemistry-today.teknoscienze.com/pdf/benford%20CO4-08.pdf">"Discrepancies in the radiocarbon dating area of the Turin shroud"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Chemistry Today</i>. <b>26</b> (4). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemistry-today.teknoscienze.com/pdf/benford%20CO4-08.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-09-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemistry+Today&rft.atitle=Discrepancies+in+the+radiocarbon+dating+area+of+the+Turin+shroud&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.date=2008-07%2F2008-08&rft.au=Benford%2C+M.+Sue&rft.au=Joseph+G.+Marino&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchemistry-today.teknoscienze.com%2Fpdf%2Fbenford%2520CO4-08.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelics+associated+with+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFernández_Sánchez,_José_Luis2010" class="citation web cs1">Fernández Sánchez, José Luis (4–6 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acheiropoietos.info/proceedings/FernandezWeb.pdf">"The Sudarium of Oviedo and the Shroud of Turin. A question of authenticity"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Scientific approach to the Acheiropoietos Images, ENEA Frascati, Italy</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+International+Workshop+on+the+Scientific+approach+to+the+Acheiropoietos+Images%2C+ENEA+Frascati%2C+Italy&rft.atitle=The+Sudarium+of+Oviedo+and+the+Shroud+of+Turin.+A+question+of+authenticity&rft.date=2010-05-04%2F2010-05-06&rft.au=Fern%C3%A1ndez+S%C3%A1nchez%2C+Jos%C3%A9+Luis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.acheiropoietos.info%2Fproceedings%2FFernandezWeb.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelics+associated+with+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlein,_Holger_A.2006" class="citation book cs1">Klein, Holger A. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://columbiauniversity.org/cu/arthistory/faculty/Klein/Sacred-Relics-and-Imperial-Ceremonies.pdf">"Sacred Relics and Imperial Ceremonies at the Great Palace of Constantinople"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(<a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a>)</span>. In F. A. Bauer (ed.). <i>Visualisierungen von Herrschaft</i>. BYZAS. Vol. 5. pp. 79–99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789758071265" title="Special:BookSources/9789758071265"><bdi>9789758071265</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/71787023">71787023</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sacred+Relics+and+Imperial+Ceremonies+at+the+Great+Palace+of+Constantinople&rft.btitle=Visualisierungen+von+Herrschaft&rft.series=BYZAS&rft.pages=79-99&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F71787023&rft.isbn=9789758071265&rft.au=Klein%2C+Holger+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcolumbiauniversity.org%2Fcu%2Farthistory%2Ffaculty%2FKlein%2FSacred-Relics-and-Imperial-Ceremonies.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelics+associated+with+Jesus" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relics_associated_with_Jesus&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shroudstory.com">The Shroud of Turin Story: A Guide to the Facts</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190321014936/http://www.innoval.com/C14/">Possibly the Biggest Radiocarbon Dating Mistake Ever</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jesus" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jesus_footer" title="Template:Jesus footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jesus_footer" title="Template talk:Jesus footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jesus_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jesus footer"><abbr title="Edit this 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birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Date_of_the_birth_of_Jesus" title="Date of the birth of Jesus">Date of birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_into_Egypt" title="Flight into Egypt">Flight into Egypt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infancy_gospels" title="Infancy gospels">Infancy</a> (apocryphal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unknown_years_of_Jesus" title="Unknown years of Jesus">Unknown years</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Christ" title="Temptation of Christ">Temptation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commissioning_of_the_Twelve_Apostles" title="Commissioning of the Twelve Apostles">Selecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a> <ul><li><a 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href="/wiki/Olivet_Discourse" title="Olivet Discourse">Olivet Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_Jesus" title="Anointing of Jesus">Anointing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumphal_entry_into_Jerusalem" title="Triumphal entry into Jerusalem">Entry into Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Farewell_Discourse" title="Farewell Discourse">Farewell Discourse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agony_in_the_Garden" title="Agony in the Garden">Agony in the Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_of_Judas" title="Kiss of Judas">Betrayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_Jesus" title="Arrest of Jesus">Arrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin_trial_of_Jesus" title="Sanhedrin trial of Jesus">Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sayings_of_Jesus_on_the_cross" title="Sayings of Jesus on the cross">Sayings on the cross</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Burial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Jesus" title="Tomb of Jesus">Tomb</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Discourses_of_Matthew" title="Five Discourses of Matthew">Five Discourses of Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_harmony" title="Gospel harmony">Gospel harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_gospel_traditions" title="Oral gospel traditions">Oral gospel traditions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_background_of_the_New_Testament" title="Historical background of the New Testament">Historical background of the New Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_places_associated_with_Jesus" title="New Testament places associated with Jesus">New Testament places associated with Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_and_titles_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament" title="Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament">Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_Jesus" title="Historicity of Jesus">Historicity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Jesus" title="Historical Jesus">Historical Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quest_for_the_historical_Jesus" title="Quest for the historical Jesus">Quest for the historical Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sources_for_the_historicity_of_Jesus" title="Sources for the historicity of Jesus">Sources</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josephus_on_Jesus" title="Josephus on Jesus">Josephus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacitus_on_Jesus" title="Tacitus on Jesus">Tacitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_bar_Serapion_on_Jesus" title="Mara bar Serapion on Jesus">Mara bar Serapion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_reliability_of_the_Gospels" title="Historical reliability of the Gospels">Gospels</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_myth_theory" title="Christ myth theory">Christ myth theory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Depiction_of_Jesus" title="Depiction of Jesus">Depictions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_Jesus" title="List of books about Jesus">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Child" title="Christ Child">Christ Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Christ_in_art" title="Life of Christ in art">Life of Christ in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Christ_Museum" title="Life of Christ Museum">Life of Christ Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statues_of_Jesus" title="List of statues of Jesus">Statues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus_in_Christian_art" title="Transfiguration of Jesus in Christian art">Transfiguration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_1st_century" title="Christianity in the 1st century">1st century</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Incarnation_(Christianity)" title="Incarnation (Christianity)">Incarnation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology#Person_of_Christ" title="Christology">Person of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-existence_of_Christ" title="Pre-existence of Christ">Pre-existence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Relics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second Coming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_of_Christ" title="Session of Christ">Session of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Son of God (Christianity)">Son of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Christ" title="Cosmic Christ">Cosmic Christ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_perspectives_on_Jesus" title="Religious perspectives on Jesus">In other faiths</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesuism" title="Jesuism">Jesuism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_comparative_mythology" title="Jesus in comparative mythology">In comparative mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_Jesus" title="Jewish views on Jesus">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_the_Talmud" title="Jesus in the Talmud">In the Talmud</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Ahmadiyya_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus in Ahmadiyya Islam">Ahmadiyya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_perspectives_on_Jesus#Baháʼí_Faith" title="Religious perspectives on Jesus">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Manichaeism" title="Jesus in Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Manichaeism" title="Jesus in Manichaeism">Jesus the Splendour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Mandaeism" title="Jesus in Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Jesus" title="Master Jesus">Master Jesus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Jesus" title="Genealogy of Jesus">Genealogies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a> (legal father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Family" title="Holy Family">Holy Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Julius_Abdes_Pantera" title="Tiberius Julius Abdes Pantera">Panthera</a> (alleged father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_Jesus" title="Brothers of Jesus">Brothers of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Kinship" title="Holy Kinship">Holy Kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Anne" title="Saint Anne">Anne</a> (traditional maternal grandmother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim" title="Joachim">Joachim</a> (traditional maternal grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heli_(biblical_figure)" title="Heli (biblical figure)">Heli</a> (paternal grandfather per Luke)</li> <li>Jacob (paternal grandfather per Matthew)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_bloodline" title="Jesus bloodline">Descendants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clopas" title="Clopas">Clopas</a> (traditional uncle)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Language_of_Jesus" title="Language of Jesus">Language of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women" title="Jesus's interactions with women">Interactions with women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary, sister of Martha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejection_of_Jesus" title="Rejection of Jesus">Rejection of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Jesus" title="Criticism of Jesus">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_of_Jesus" title="Mental health of Jesus">Mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_appearance_of_Jesus" title="Race and appearance of Jesus">Race and appearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_and_marital_status_of_Jesus" title="Sexuality and marital status of Jesus">Sexuality and marital status</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Jesus" title="Category:Jesus">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Shroud_of_Turin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Shroud_of_Turin" title="Template:Shroud of Turin"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Shroud_of_Turin" title="Template talk:Shroud of Turin"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Shroud_of_Turin" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shroud of Turin"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shroud_of_Turin" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Shroud_of_Turin" title="Shroud of Turin">Shroud of Turin</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Shroud_of_Turin" title="History of the Shroud of Turin">History of the Shroud of Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondo_Pia" title="Secondo Pia">Secondo Pia, photographer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation-restoration_of_the_Shroud_of_Turin" title="Conservation-restoration of the Shroud of Turin">Conservation-restoration of the Shroud of Turin</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turin_plasch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Turin_plasch.jpg/100px-Turin_plasch.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Turin_plasch.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="194" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chapel_of_the_Holy_Shroud" title="Chapel of the Holy Shroud">Chapel of the Holy Shroud</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Turin" title="Royal Palace of Turin">Royal Palace of Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turin_Cathedral" title="Turin Cathedral">Turin Cathedral</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Investigations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shroud_of_Turin_Research_Project" title="Shroud of Turin Research Project">Shroud of Turin Research Project (STURP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating_of_the_Shroud_of_Turin" title="Radiocarbon dating of the Shroud of Turin">Radiocarbon dating of the shroud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP8_Image_Analyzer" title="VP8 Image Analyzer">VP8 Image Analyzer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Researchers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Barbet_(physician)" title="Pierre Barbet (physician)">Pierre Barbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysse_Chevalier" title="Ulysse Chevalier">Ulysse Chevalier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Delage" title="Yves Delage">Yves Delage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Frale" title="Barbara Frale">Barbara Frale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_McCrone" title="Walter McCrone">Walter McCrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Nickell" title="Joe Nickell">Joe Nickell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Picknett" title="Lynn Picknett">Lynn Picknett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Rogers" title="Raymond Rogers">Raymond Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillip_H._Wiebe" title="Phillip H. Wiebe">Phillip H. Wiebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Wilson_(author)" title="Ian Wilson (author)">Ian Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Zugibe" title="Frederick Zugibe">Frederick Zugibe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fringe_theories_about_the_Shroud_of_Turin" title="Fringe theories about the Shroud of Turin">Fringe theories about the Shroud of Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_of_Edessa" title="Image of Edessa">Image of Edessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pray_Codex" title="Pray Codex">Pray Codex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Savoy" title="House of Savoy">House of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Face_of_Jesus" title="Holy Face of Jesus">Holy Face of Jesus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Relics associated with Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acheiropoieta" title="Acheiropoieta">acheiropoieta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_of_Christ" title="Blood of Christ">blood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudarium_of_Oviedo" title="Sudarium of Oviedo">Sudarium of Oviedo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection of Jesus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1087471#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85070106">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11981759b">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11981759b">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007293556005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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