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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-GB" class="no-js"><head><meta charSet="utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><title data-rh="true">Why service charges in flats spiralled out of control - BBC News</title><meta data-rh="true" name="description" content="Bills for leaseholders have risen by 44% since 2016. Is Labour's new plan really the solution?"/><meta data-rh="true" name="theme-color" content="#FFFFFF"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:author" content="https://www.facebook.com/bbcnews"/><meta data-rh="true" property="fb:admins" content="100004154058350"/><meta data-rh="true" property="fb:app_id" content="1609039196070050"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:description" content="Bills for leaseholders have risen by 44% since 2016. 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.eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-i66k04-NavigationLink-LogoLink:focus .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-i66k04-NavigationLink-LogoLink[data-open='true'] .eki2hvo16::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-i66k04-NavigationLink-LogoLink{text-align:center;min-width:2.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-i66k04-NavigationLink-LogoLink{width:auto;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-i66k04-NavigationLink-LogoLink{padding-right:0.5rem;margin-right:0.25rem;}}@media (min-width: 63rem){.ssrcss-i66k04-NavigationLink-LogoLink{padding-right:1rem;}}.ssrcss-qm4a7x-LogoIconWrapper{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;height:2.0625rem;vertical-align:middle;}@media (min-width: 22.5rem){.ssrcss-qm4a7x-LogoIconWrapper{height:2.0625rem;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-qm4a7x-LogoIconWrapper{height:2.0625rem;}}@media (min-width: 25.625rem){.ssrcss-qm4a7x-LogoIconWrapper{height:2.0625rem;width:auto;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-qm4a7x-LogoIconWrapper{height:2.0625rem;width:auto;}}@media (max-width: 25rem){.ssrcss-qm4a7x-LogoIconWrapper{padding:0 0.25rem;}}.ssrcss-o7c2ms-BBCBlocks{height:2rem;max-width:7rem;}@media (min-width: 22.5rem){.ssrcss-o7c2ms-BBCBlocks{height:2rem;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-o7c2ms-BBCBlocks{height:2rem;}}@media (min-width: 25.625rem){.ssrcss-o7c2ms-BBCBlocks{height:2rem;width:auto;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-o7c2ms-BBCBlocks{height:2rem;}}.ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;margin:0;width:1px;height:1px;-webkit-clip-path:inset(100%);clip-path:inset(100%);clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);white-space:nowrap;}.ssrcss-1hjcemq-AccessibilityLinkList{position:absolute;left:0;right:0;top:3.875rem;}.ssrcss-1mjrbfa-AccessibilityLink{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;margin:0;width:1px;height:1px;-webkit-clip-path:inset(100%);clip-path:inset(100%);clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);white-space:nowrap;}.ssrcss-1mjrbfa-AccessibilityLink:focus{position:static;overflow:visible;width:auto;height:auto;-webkit-clip-path:none;clip-path:none;clip:auto;white-space:inherit;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-feature-settings:'ss01' off;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;position:relative;display:block;top:0;left:0;z-index:1;padding:1rem;background:#FFFFFF;border:1px solid #8A8C8E;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;margin:auto;width:-webkit-max-content;width:-moz-max-content;width:max-content;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1mjrbfa-AccessibilityLink:focus{position:absolute;}}.ssrcss-sk8r9t-GlobalNavigationItem{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-top:-0.25rem;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-sk8r9t-GlobalNavigationItem{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;width:auto;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-sk8r9t-GlobalNavigationItem{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;width:100%;}}.ssrcss-sk8r9t-GlobalNavigationItem:hover>*>*::after,.ssrcss-sk8r9t-GlobalNavigationItem:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-sk8r9t-GlobalNavigationItem[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}.ssrcss-j17vi8-AccountOptionsList{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;padding-right:3rem;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-j17vi8-AccountOptionsList{padding-right:0;}}.ssrcss-j17vi8-AccountOptionsList >li{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}.ssrcss-khi21n-GlobalNavigationProduct-GlobalNavigationNonProductItem-GlobalNavigationAccount{color:#000000;text-align:center;height:3.75rem;min-width:2.75rem;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;text-align:left;}.ssrcss-khi21n-GlobalNavigationProduct-GlobalNavigationNonProductItem-GlobalNavigationAccount:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-khi21n-GlobalNavigationProduct-GlobalNavigationNonProductItem-GlobalNavigationAccount[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-khi21n-GlobalNavigationProduct-GlobalNavigationNonProductItem-GlobalNavigationAccount{min-width:3rem;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-khi21n-GlobalNavigationProduct-GlobalNavigationNonProductItem-GlobalNavigationAccount{width:11rem;}}.ssrcss-5fw2ee-AccountComponentWrapper{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;position:relative;min-width:inherit;width:inherit;}.ssrcss-uwr32o-StyledAccountPlaceholderComponent{height:100%;width:100%;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;text-align:left;display:inline-block;position:absolute;}html.no-js .ssrcss-uwr32o-StyledAccountPlaceholderComponent{display:none;}.ssrcss-n7m3zs-StyledLoadingPlaceholderWrapper{min-width:inherit;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;height:100%;}.ssrcss-h8wpjv-StyledAccountPlaceholderIconWrapper{display:inline-block;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;width:2rem;height:2rem;}@media (min-width: 63rem){.ssrcss-h8wpjv-StyledAccountPlaceholderIconWrapper{width:1.75rem;height:1.75rem;}}.ssrcss-1lgb55w-Skeleton-StyledAccountPlaceholderIcon{background-color:#F6F6F6;overflow:hidden;border-radius:50%;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;width:2rem;height:2rem;}@media (min-width: 63rem){.ssrcss-1lgb55w-Skeleton-StyledAccountPlaceholderIcon{width:1.75rem;height:1.75rem;}}.ssrcss-1z04xmt-StyledLoadingPlaceHolderTextWrapper{display:none;}@media (min-width: 63rem){.ssrcss-1z04xmt-StyledLoadingPlaceHolderTextWrapper{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;height:100%;width:100%;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin-left:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-82dxfl-Skeleton-StyledLoadingPlaceHolderText{background-color:#F6F6F6;overflow:hidden;width:100%;border-radius:5%;height:0.875rem;}.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{display:block;height:100%;line-height:calc(4rem - 0.5rem);-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;pointer-events:none;opacity:0;box-sizing:border-box;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;min-width:1.25rem;position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;text-align:center;margin-right:0.3125rem;}.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink:hover .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink:focus .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink[data-open='true'] .eki2hvo16::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{text-align:center;min-width:2.5rem;}}.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#0071F1;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.625rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink:hover,.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink:focus,.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}html.no-js .ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{opacity:1;pointer-events:all;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{min-width:inherit;margin-right:0;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{min-width:3rem;text-align:center;}}@media (min-width: 63rem){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{width:8.5rem;text-align:left;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{width:11rem;}}.ssrcss-1xrtdyt-AccountIconWrapper{display:inline-block;width:2rem;height:2rem;vertical-align:-0.6875rem;}@media (min-width: 63rem){.ssrcss-1xrtdyt-AccountIconWrapper{width:1.75rem;height:1.75rem;vertical-align:-0.5625rem;}}.ssrcss-xi5oyi-StyledIcon{display:block;height:100%;width:100%;fill:currentcolor;}.ssrcss-qgttmg-AccountText{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;margin:0;width:1px;height:1px;-webkit-clip-path:inset(100%);clip-path:inset(100%);clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);white-space:nowrap;}@media (min-width: 63rem){.ssrcss-qgttmg-AccountText{position:static;overflow:visible;width:auto;height:auto;-webkit-clip-path:none;clip-path:none;clip:auto;white-space:inherit;margin-left:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-19sye53-VerticalSeparator{display:none;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-19sye53-VerticalSeparator{display:block;border-left:0.0625rem solid #E6E8EA;height:1.5rem;margin-top:1rem;}}.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En{-webkit-flex:auto;-ms-flex:auto;flex:auto;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;}.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li{display:none;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(8){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(1),.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En li:nth-of-type(2),.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En li:nth-of-type(3){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(4){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}@media (min-width: 41.25rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(5){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}@media (min-width: 45.5rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(6){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}@media (min-width: 48rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(7){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}.ssrcss-18tl6fu-GlobalNavigationProduct{color:#000000;text-align:center;height:3.75rem;margin-left:0.5rem;}.ssrcss-18tl6fu-GlobalNavigationProduct:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-18tl6fu-GlobalNavigationProduct[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-18tl6fu-GlobalNavigationProduct{min-width:3rem;}}.ssrcss-1yfeg7m-NavigationLink{display:block;height:100%;line-height:calc(4rem - 0.5rem);-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;}.ssrcss-1yfeg7m-NavigationLink:hover .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-1yfeg7m-NavigationLink:focus .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-1yfeg7m-NavigationLink[data-open='true'] .eki2hvo16::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1yfeg7m-NavigationLink{text-align:center;min-width:2.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#000000;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-f4w0g1-GlobalNavigationProduct{color:#000000;text-align:center;height:3.75rem;}.ssrcss-f4w0g1-GlobalNavigationProduct:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-f4w0g1-GlobalNavigationProduct[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-f4w0g1-GlobalNavigationProduct{min-width:3rem;}}.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#EB1212;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#FFD230;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#AAFF00;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#0068FF;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#0052A1;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#589E50;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-o07jwc-GlobalNavigationProduct{color:#000000;text-align:center;height:3.75rem;}.ssrcss-o07jwc-GlobalNavigationProduct:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-o07jwc-GlobalNavigationProduct[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-o07jwc-GlobalNavigationProduct{min-width:3rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-o07jwc-GlobalNavigationProduct#more-menu-button{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;max-width:3rem;-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;justify-content:flex-end;}}.ssrcss-1qxzppn-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{display:block;height:100%;line-height:calc(4rem - 0.5rem);-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;min-width:1.25rem;margin-top:-0.25rem;}.ssrcss-1qxzppn-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink:hover .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-1qxzppn-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink:focus 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active){.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}@media ( min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState{width:2rem;}}.ssrcss-13dpa8i-DotsMenuIconWrapper{display:none;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-13dpa8i-DotsMenuIconWrapper{display:inline-block;width:1.25rem;height:0.25rem;}.ssrcss-13dpa8i-DotsMenuIconWrapper>svg{vertical-align:0.1875rem;}}.ssrcss-7jj1a6-LastGlobalNavigationItem{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-order:2;-ms-flex-order:2;order:2;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;padding-left:0;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-7jj1a6-LastGlobalNavigationItem{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-7jj1a6-LastGlobalNavigationItem{padding-left:0;}}.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-top:-0.25rem;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;width:2rem;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{width:auto;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;}}.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger:hover>*>*::after,.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{width:2.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{width:3rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{display:none;}}.ssrcss-1myt22i-BurgerMenuIconWrapper{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;width:1.5rem;height:1.375rem;vertical-align:-0.5em;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1myt22i-BurgerMenuIconWrapper{display:none;}}.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-top:-0.25rem;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem{width:auto;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;}}.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem:hover>*>*::after,.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink{display:block;height:100%;line-height:calc(4rem - 0.5rem);-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;background:none;min-width:1.25rem;text-align:center;margin-top:-0.25rem;position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink:hover .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink:focus .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink[data-open='true'] .eki2hvo16::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink{text-align:center;min-width:2.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#000000;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink:hover,.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink:focus,.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink{min-width:2.75rem;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink{min-width:3rem;width:3rem;text-align:center;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink{background:#E6E8EA;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;height:1rem;padding:0.75rem 0.625rem;margin-left:0.5rem;min-width:11.25rem;}.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink::after{display:none;}}.ssrcss-mwl823-IconWrapper-SearchIconWrapper{display:inline-block;width:1.625rem;height:1.625rem;vertical-align:middle;color:#000000;width:1.75rem;height:1.8125rem;}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-mwl823-IconWrapper-SearchIconWrapper{width:1.375rem;height:1.375rem;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-mwl823-IconWrapper-SearchIconWrapper{width:1rem;height:1rem;vertical-align:-0.25rem;}}.ssrcss-pz7t8-SearchText{padding-left:0.5rem;color:#000000;position:absolute;overflow:hidden;margin:0;width:1px;height:1px;-webkit-clip-path:inset(100%);clip-path:inset(100%);clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);white-space:nowrap;}@media ( min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-pz7t8-SearchText{position:static;overflow:visible;width:auto;height:auto;-webkit-clip-path:none;clip-path:none;clip:auto;white-space:inherit;}}.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer{overflow:hidden;visibility:hidden;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer>*{transition-property:max-height,height;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);transition-delay:0s,0s,0.4s;transition-duration:0.4s,0.4s,0s;transition-property:max-height,height,display;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer>*{transition-duration:0.2s,0.2s,0s;}}}.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer:focus{outline:5px auto -webkit-focus-ring-color;}.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu{height:0;}.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{visibility:visible;display:block;height:auto;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:28rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:4.0625rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:8.125rem;}}@media (min-width: 41.25rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:4.0625rem;}}.ssrcss-1obp207-MenuWrapper{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;}.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex:auto;-ms-flex:auto;flex:auto;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;}.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En:focus{outline:none;}.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En>li{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-flex-basis:50%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:50%;flex-basis:50%;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En>li{-webkit-flex-basis:auto;-ms-flex-preferred-size:auto;flex-basis:auto;}}@supports (display: grid){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En{display:grid;grid-gap:0 0.5rem;gap:0 0.5rem;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(7.5rem, 1fr));}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;}}.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En>li{min-width:initial;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(1),.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En li:nth-of-type(2),.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En li:nth-of-type(3){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En >li{padding-right:1.25rem;}.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(4){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 41.25rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(5){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 45.5rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(6){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 48rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(7){display:none;}}.ssrcss-1smaim7-MenuLinkListItem{height:1.75rem;margin:0.25rem 0;-webkit-align-items:stretch;-webkit-box-align:stretch;-ms-flex-align:stretch;align-items:stretch;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1smaim7-MenuLinkListItem{height:3.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1smaim7-MenuLinkListItem:focus>*::after,.ssrcss-1smaim7-MenuLinkListItem[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#141414;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#EB1212;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#FFD230;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#AAFF00;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#0068FF;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1u9nz9a-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1u9nz9a-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#0052A1;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1u9nz9a-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1u9nz9a-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1u9nz9a-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1u9nz9a-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1u9nz9a-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1u9nz9a-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1u9nz9a-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-11p9y6l-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-11p9y6l-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#589E50;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-11p9y6l-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-11p9y6l-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-11p9y6l-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-11p9y6l-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-11p9y6l-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-11p9y6l-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-11p9y6l-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-116dfr6-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-116dfr6-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#482878;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-116dfr6-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-116dfr6-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-116dfr6-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-116dfr6-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-116dfr6-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-116dfr6-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-116dfr6-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#002856;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-7nqmpo-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-7nqmpo-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#149EDC;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-7nqmpo-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-7nqmpo-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-7nqmpo-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-7nqmpo-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-7nqmpo-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 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(min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-19cmzaj-LogoIcon{padding:calc(1rem - 0.25rem) 0;max-width:initial;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-as2ggt-Navigation{border-top:0.0625rem solid #DB7F7F;}}html.no-js .ssrcss-wlpshj-MainNavBarContainer{border-bottom:0.25rem solid #B80000;}.ssrcss-325dy3-MenuContainer-PrimaryNavBarContainer{background-color:#FFFFFF;color:#141414;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-325dy3-MenuContainer-PrimaryNavBarContainer{background-color:#B80000;color:#FFFFFF;}}.ssrcss-tr5xws-PrimaryListContainer{margin:0 -0.5rem;}@media (min-width: 25rem){.ssrcss-tr5xws-PrimaryListContainer{margin:0 -1rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-tr5xws-PrimaryListContainer{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;margin:0;}.ssrcss-tr5xws-PrimaryListContainer .e14xdrat1 .eis6szr3:not(:last-of-type) .eis6szr2 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off;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;position:relative;padding:0.5rem;cursor:pointer;color:#FFFFFF;background-color:#B80000;border:none;}html.no-js .ssrcss-pnxjgb-StyledToggle{background-color:#FFFFFF;color:#141414;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-pnxjgb-StyledToggle{min-height:2.375rem;}@media (pointer: coarse){.ssrcss-pnxjgb-StyledToggle{min-height:2.75rem;}}}.ssrcss-1m4972l-IconWrapper{display:inline-block;width:1rem;height:1rem;margin-right:0.5rem;}.ssrcss-141d9xq-MenuListContainer{display:none;}html.no-js .ssrcss-141d9xq-MenuListContainer{display:block;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-141d9xq-MenuListContainer{margin-left:-0.5rem;margin-right:-0.5rem;padding:0.5rem 0;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-141d9xq-MenuListContainer{background-color:transparent;display:block;padding:0;margin:0;-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;}@media (pointer: coarse){.ssrcss-141d9xq-MenuListContainer{overflow-x:scroll;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;-ms-overflow-style:-ms-autohiding-scrollbar;-ms-overflow-style:none;scrollbar-width:none;}.ssrcss-141d9xq-MenuListContainer::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none;}}}.ssrcss-yhbmpm-StyledMenuList{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-feature-settings:'ss01' off;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-yhbmpm-StyledMenuList{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;position:relative;left:-0.5rem;}@media (pointer: coarse){.ssrcss-yhbmpm-StyledMenuList{-webkit-box-flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:nowrap;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap;}}}.ssrcss-or45ca-StyledMenuItem{border-bottom:0.0625rem solid #8A8C8E;position:relative;break-inside:avoid;margin:0;padding:0;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-or45ca-StyledMenuItem{border-bottom:none;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-or45ca-StyledMenuItem{-webkit-flex:none;-ms-flex:none;flex:none;}}.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink{box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding:0.25rem 0 0.25rem 0.5rem;color:inherit;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;min-height:2.375rem;}@media (pointer: coarse){.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink{min-height:2.75rem;}}.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink:hover,.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink:focus{background-color:#E6E8EA;}.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink:focus-visible{box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 calc(0.125rem + 0.125rem) #FFFFFF;outline:0.125rem solid #000000;outline-offset:-0.125rem;}.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink::after{content:none;position:absolute;left:0;bottom:0;width:0.25rem;height:100%;background-color:#B80000;}.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink:active::after{content:'';}.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink:focus-visible::after{content:none;}@media (min-width: 25rem){.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink{padding-left:1rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink{width:auto;padding-left:0.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink:hover,.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink:focus{background-color:transparent;color:#FFFFFF;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink::after{background-color:#FFFFFF;width:100%;height:0.25rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-dgu9ea-StyledLink{padding-left:0;width:auto;color:#FFFFFF;}}.ssrcss-1u47p8g-LinkTextContainer{line-height:1.125rem;padding:0;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1u47p8g-LinkTextContainer{padding:0 0.45rem;}}.ssrcss-4dxdrt-ToggleContainer{display:none;border-left:0.0625rem solid;border-left-color:#DB7F7F;background-color:transparent;}html.no-js .ssrcss-4dxdrt-ToggleContainer{background-color:#FFFFFF;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-4dxdrt-ToggleContainer{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-align-items:flex-start;-webkit-box-align:flex-start;-ms-flex-align:flex-start;align-items:flex-start;}}.ssrcss-4dxdrt-ToggleContainer .ekfn8591:focus-visible{box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 calc(0.125rem + 0.125rem) #FFFFFF;outline:0.125rem solid #000000;outline-offset:-0.125rem;}.ssrcss-4dxdrt-ToggleContainer .ekfn8591:hover::after,.ssrcss-4dxdrt-ToggleContainer .ekfn8591:active::after{position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;width:100%;content:'';height:0.25rem;background-color:#FFFFFF;}html.no-js .ssrcss-4dxdrt-ToggleContainer 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class="ssrcss-pf1qpm-HeaderWrapper eff5ysv0"><a href="/news/bbcindepth" class="ssrcss-ctd1qz-BBCInDepthBrandLink e1wz1n9n1"><img alt="BBC InDepth" loading="eager" src="https://static.files.bbci.co.uk/core/website/assets/static/articles/bbc-in-depth-logo.87a26ad1ad5f4a019b3b.svg" class="ssrcss-12x2rbi-Image edrdn950"/></a><div class="ssrcss-1m8wg1s-HeadingWrapper e1wz1n9n8"><h1 id="main-heading" type="headlineAlternative" tabindex="-1" class="ssrcss-1xg4l7r-Heading e10rt3ze0"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">How service charges in flats spiralled out of control</p></h1></div><div class="ssrcss-p1x80k-MetadataStripWrapper e1wz1n9n7"><ul class="ssrcss-195mc3u-MetadataStripList e1wz1n9n6"><li><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Published</span><span class="ssrcss-1pvwv4b-MetadataSnippet e4wm5bw3"><span class="ssrcss-1if1g9v-MetadataText e4wm5bw1"><time data-testid="timestamp" dateTime="2024-11-25T01:54:25.814Z">8 hours ago</time></span></span></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1t9jjvj-ImageBox e1wz1n9n5"><div class="ssrcss-1sk2upk-SquareImageWrapper e1wz1n9n2"><figure class="ssrcss-1vfya96-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-got162-Placeholder etlorgc0"><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/400/cpsprodpb/2d38/live/a6b361d0-a690-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png.webp 400w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/640/cpsprodpb/2d38/live/a6b361d0-a690-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png.webp 640w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/960/cpsprodpb/2d38/live/a6b361d0-a690-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png.webp 960w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1280/cpsprodpb/2d38/live/a6b361d0-a690-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png.webp 1280w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1440/cpsprodpb/2d38/live/a6b361d0-a690-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png.webp 1440w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1800/cpsprodpb/2d38/live/a6b361d0-a690-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png.webp 1800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1920/cpsprodpb/2d38/live/a6b361d0-a690-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png.webp 1920w" type="image/webp" sizes="(min-width: 900px) 50vw, 100vw"/><img alt="New-build flats" loading="eager" sizes="(min-width: 900px) 50vw, 100vw" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/2560/cpsprodpb/2d38/live/a6b361d0-a690-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/400/cpsprodpb/2d38/live/a6b361d0-a690-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png 400w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/640/cpsprodpb/2d38/live/a6b361d0-a690-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png 640w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/960/cpsprodpb/2d38/live/a6b361d0-a690-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png 960w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1280/cpsprodpb/2d38/live/a6b361d0-a690-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png 1280w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1440/cpsprodpb/2d38/live/a6b361d0-a690-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png 1440w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1800/cpsprodpb/2d38/live/a6b361d0-a690-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png 1800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1920/cpsprodpb/2d38/live/a6b361d0-a690-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png 1920w" width="2560" height="2560" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></span></div></figure></div></div></header><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="byline-block" class="ssrcss-1d4ve09-BylineComponentWrapper e8mq1e90"><div class="ssrcss-qt5zqv-BylineWrapper e8mq1e917"><div class="ssrcss-19r1h8t-ContributorContainer e8mq1e916"><div class="ssrcss-1bsxjdu-Container-ContributorPhoto e8mq1e912"><div class="ssrcss-1f4spe2-ImageWrapper e8mq1e911"><span class="ssrcss-got162-Placeholder etlorgc0"><span><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/160/cpsprodpb/957d/live/01a56520-a691-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png.webp 160w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="Tarah Welsh" loading="lazy" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/160/cpsprodpb/957d/live/01a56520-a691-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/160/cpsprodpb/957d/live/01a56520-a691-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png 160w" width="160" height="160" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></noscript></span></span></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1qc7pto-Container-ContributorDetails e8mq1e913"><div class="ssrcss-68pt20-Text-TextContributorName e8mq1e96">Tarah Welsh</div><div class="ssrcss-84ltp5-Text e8mq1e910">Housing correspondent</div></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-jlwt2c-Divider e8mq1e915"></div></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-5rhf4g-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">In 2016, Michele McInroy was overjoyed to pick up the keys to her new home - a two-bedroom flat in a refurbished building in Woolwich, south London. But her joy soon soured.</b></p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Communal areas were neglected, lifts didn’t work and repairs went unfixed, Michele says. Earlier this year, her service charge increased to around £10,000 a year, marking a 320% rise in five years.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Michele, who works as a civil servant, hopes to move from the capital to Dundee to be closer to her grandson but she is struggling to sell the flat - and believes that the service charge is making it harder still. “I'm losing time that I could be spending with my family that's really precious to me,” she says.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">“I just feel trapped and there is absolutely nothing I can do.”</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Across England and Wales, other homeowners are telling similar stories, as annual service charges have risen significantly. The average is currently £2,321, up 44% since 2016, according to estate agent Hamptons. In London it’s £2,500, marking a 52% increase in the same period. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Others I have spoken to say their service charges have increased by 400-500% in that time.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-2k24j-ComponentWrapper-FullWidthWrapper ey0461q0"><figure class="ssrcss-1vfya96-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-n0t9s-Placeholder etlorgc0"><span><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/88b5/live/a54eac40-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/88b5/live/a54eac40-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/88b5/live/a54eac40-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/88b5/live/a54eac40-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/88b5/live/a54eac40-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/88b5/live/a54eac40-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png.webp 976w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="Michele McInroy" loading="lazy" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1920/cpsprodpb/88b5/live/a54eac40-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/88b5/live/a54eac40-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/88b5/live/a54eac40-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/88b5/live/a54eac40-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/88b5/live/a54eac40-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/88b5/live/a54eac40-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/88b5/live/a54eac40-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png 976w" width="1920" height="1280" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></noscript></span></span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-1kk6ucf-StyledFigureCaption ehbdhz00"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image caption, </span><div spacing="6" class="ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Michele's service charge is now around £10,000 a year </p></div></figcaption></figure></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-5rhf4g-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Among them is Gaz Rahman, whose annual service charge for his flat in the London borough of Tower Hamlets hit £4,654 in 2024, up from £960 five years earlier. “There's no accountability,” he argues. “It just doesn't add up.”</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Sue Robertson, who owns a one-bedroom flat in West Sussex, reports that her service charge has shot up by 320% since 2019 - from £750 to £3,198 a year.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Some leaseholders have opened up about the devastating effect of these costs on their lives - among them are cases of bankruptcy, pressure on relationships and mental health. Sue Robertson tells me that she was hospitalised after attempting suicide. The financial pressure was, she says, a major factor. “Everything just got too much for me.”</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">For years, politicians have said they planned to address this issue. Then, last week, the current government<a href="/news/articles/c0k8y5k77gdo" class="ssrcss-f6h2dj-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0"> committed to abolishing leasehold.</a> Housing minister Matthew Pennycook said in a statement that there will be a consultation and white paper early next year - but for some this has come too late. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">And the question that remains is, how did it reach a point where the government needed to intervene?</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-2k24j-ComponentWrapper-FullWidthWrapper ey0461q0"><figure class="ssrcss-1vfya96-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-ukistg-Placeholder etlorgc0"><span><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/0e21/live/a3b5d410-a913-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/0e21/live/a3b5d410-a913-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/0e21/live/a3b5d410-a913-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/0e21/live/a3b5d410-a913-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/0e21/live/a3b5d410-a913-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/0e21/live/a3b5d410-a913-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png.webp 976w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="A line chart showing how average annual service charges for leaseholders have risen faster in London than across England and Wales as a whole since 2016. A red line shows how London has seen a 52% increase over the eight year period, compared with 44% across England and Wales, which is represented by a blue line." loading="lazy" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/3840/cpsprodpb/0e21/live/a3b5d410-a913-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/0e21/live/a3b5d410-a913-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/0e21/live/a3b5d410-a913-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/0e21/live/a3b5d410-a913-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/0e21/live/a3b5d410-a913-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/0e21/live/a3b5d410-a913-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/0e21/live/a3b5d410-a913-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png 976w" width="3840" height="2159.881947860305" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></noscript></span></span></div></figure></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-5rhf4g-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Part of the problem is that this is an archaic system, based on principles dating back to the feudal days of landowners and tenants. Under the current system, leaseholders have to pay charges to a freeholder for services, including the maintenance and repair of communal areas and buildings insurance. Often a managing agent is appointed by the freeholder.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The vague language in the current law adds to the confusion. The law simply states that service charges must be “reasonable” and that where costs relate to work or services, they must be of a “reasonable” standard.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">But campaigners in the field argue that there is another issue at play. They claim unscrupulous freeholders and managing agents<a href="/iplayer/episode/m00257dz/the-leasehold-trap" class="ssrcss-f6h2dj-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0"> exploiting the system.</a></p></div></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="subheadline-block" class="ssrcss-z0dilw-ComponentWrapper-HeadlineComponentWrapper egtrm1f0"><h2 id="Exploitation-in-broad-daylight" tabindex="-1" class="ssrcss-pbttu9-Heading e10rt3ze0"><span role="text">“Exploitation in broad daylight”</span></h2></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-5rhf4g-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">As Sebastian O’Kelly, chief executive of the Leasehold Knowledge Partnership, puts it: Investors cottoned on to the fact they could make money out of the boom in newbuild apartment blocks that have sprung up across the country over the last 25 years.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Previously most freeholders were local authorities or landowners but the boom has led to investors - including venture capital, pension funds and even charities - getting involved. Income from ground rents and lease extensions as well as the rising value of the land itself all make this lucrative.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">“We're talking about a multi-billion pound property sector.” He argues that leaseholders are at the mercy of companies who are “just there to make money out of them”.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">In a recent investigation, the BBC examined about 140 tribunals relating to one London-based firm, Assethold, and discovered that judges have assessed it to have overcharged homeowners by a combined sum of nearly £1.2m. Assethold said it was "actively reviewing findings from past tribunal decisions" and had implemented changes where necessary.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">But the BBC has seen complaints about other companies accused of overcharging leaseholders too. The problem with policing this is that anyone can buy a freehold and anyone can set themselves up as a managing agent.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">“There are still thousands of people being exploited,” says Sir Peter Bottomley, former Father of the House of Commons and a campaigner against the leasehold system. “The stories that have come to me in my last 15, 20 years in Parliament would make most people weep.” He says that these include numerous stories of leaseholders being exploited by freeholders.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">“And it's been happening in broad daylight.”</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-2k24j-ComponentWrapper-FullWidthWrapper ey0461q0"><figure class="ssrcss-1vfya96-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-n0t9s-Placeholder etlorgc0"><span><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/1c78/live/d753b230-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/1c78/live/d753b230-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/1c78/live/d753b230-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/1c78/live/d753b230-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/1c78/live/d753b230-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/1c78/live/d753b230-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png.webp 976w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="Sir Peter Bottomley" loading="lazy" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1920/cpsprodpb/1c78/live/d753b230-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/1c78/live/d753b230-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/1c78/live/d753b230-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/1c78/live/d753b230-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/1c78/live/d753b230-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/1c78/live/d753b230-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/1c78/live/d753b230-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png 976w" width="1920" height="1280" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></noscript></span></span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-1kk6ucf-StyledFigureCaption ehbdhz00"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image caption, </span><div spacing="6" class="ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">During his 49 years as an MP Sir Peter Bottomley campaigned against the leasehold system</p></div></figcaption></figure></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-5rhf4g-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">He also argues that it is “often the young and less well-off who are being lumbered with costs they cannot afford, in ways which are unjustified”.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The Residential Freehold Association (RFA), which represents the largest freeholders in the country, strongly disagrees that <a href="/news/articles/cg4lv5wpe30o" class="ssrcss-f6h2dj-InlineLink e1kn3p7n0">the system is “exploitative”</a>, but says it has “called for improvements to the home buying and selling process” so that leaseholders understand their obligations.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="subheadline-block" class="ssrcss-z0dilw-ComponentWrapper-HeadlineComponentWrapper egtrm1f0"><h2 id="Questions-around-transparency" tabindex="-1" class="ssrcss-pbttu9-Heading e10rt3ze0"><span role="text">Questions around transparency</span></h2></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-5rhf4g-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Large newbuild estates and buildings can be complex and expensive to maintain, but a concern among some is the lack of transparency. Leaseholders have complained about hefty bills with little detail or unexplained demands for eye-wateringly high sums.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The Leasehold Advisory Service says that of the 33,000 people have gone to them for advice in the past five years, it has received more complaints about service charges than any other subject.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">However, industry insiders argue that there are legitimate reasons for rising charges, including the repercussions of the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as the fallout from Brexit.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">“We have seen significant inflation in recent years, as well as extensive material cost increases following the Covid pandemic. This ultimately translates into higher service charges,” the RFA said in a statement.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Jaclyn Mangaroo of the Property Institute, a professional body that represents managing agents in England and Wales, is among those arguing that Brexit triggered an increase in costs. In fact, some say exiting the EU has led to labour shortages in the industry.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Mrs Mangaroo also points out that the Grenfell fire tragedy has seen insurance charges rise, which in turn pushed up service charges.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">However her organisation wants managing agents to be regulated to prevent what she calls “abuse” of the system. Its members are properly trained, she stresses, “but there is no oversight or accountability for those outside the membership, for everybody else that's operating”.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Last week the housing minister has announced they would regulate managing agents but added they need to consult on this first.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="subheadline-block" class="ssrcss-z0dilw-ComponentWrapper-HeadlineComponentWrapper egtrm1f0"><h2 id="Labours-new-plans" tabindex="-1" class="ssrcss-pbttu9-Heading e10rt3ze0"><span role="text">Labour's new plans</span></h2></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-5rhf4g-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Abolishing leasehold for flats was not included in the Leasehold and Freehold Reform Act 2024. Ultimately, the Conservative government ran out of time to get everything it wanted into the legislation before Rishi Sunak called the general election.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The legislation that passed did include some gains for leaseholders, such as giving them more power to buy their freehold. Now, however, certain elements of the previous government’s plans that never made into law will be taken forward by Labour, including making it easier for residents to acquire “the right to manage”. (In other words, they will still have a freeholder but can take over the management of their building.)</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">However, the RFA says its studies show that “self-management looks to make no difference” to service charge costs.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="links-block" class="ssrcss-1syj6ok-LinksComponentWrapper e3eyuya0"><section class="ssrcss-msolhr-LinksWrapper e3eyuya5"><ul role="list" class="ssrcss-mh3hvv-InContentLinksGrid e3eyuya3"><li class="ssrcss-r2yl4r-PromoItem e3eyuya1"><div data-testid="promo" class="ssrcss-s1qr4x-Promo e1vyq2e80"><div class="ssrcss-1enzf19-PromoCompact e18gnqux0"><div class="ssrcss-1d68cot-PromoContent exn3ah99"><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1f3bvyz-Stack e1y4nx260"><a href="/news/articles/c3rx2drd8x8o" class="ssrcss-1mrs5ns-PromoLink exn3ah91"><span role="text"><p class="ssrcss-1sen9vx-PromoHeadline exn3ah96"><span aria-hidden="false">Will China step up if Trump takes a step back on climate change?</span></p></span></a></div><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1f3bvyz-Stack e1y4nx260"><div><ul role="list" class="ssrcss-1ik71mx-MetadataStripContainer eh44mf03"><div class="ssrcss-13nu8ri-GroupChildrenForWrapping eh44mf02"><li role="listitem" class="ssrcss-30fcoe-MetadataStripItem eh44mf01"><div class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Published</div><div class="ssrcss-m5j4pi-MetadataContent eh44mf00"><span class="ssrcss-1pvwv4b-MetadataSnippet e4wm5bw3"><span class="ssrcss-1if1g9v-MetadataText e4wm5bw1">2 days ago</span></span></div></li></div></ul></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="ssrcss-r2yl4r-PromoItem e3eyuya1"><div data-testid="promo" class="ssrcss-s1qr4x-Promo e1vyq2e80"><div class="ssrcss-1enzf19-PromoCompact e18gnqux0"><div class="ssrcss-1d68cot-PromoContent exn3ah99"><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1f3bvyz-Stack e1y4nx260"><a href="/news/articles/cdxvdqg8214o" class="ssrcss-1mrs5ns-PromoLink exn3ah91"><span role="text"><p class="ssrcss-1sen9vx-PromoHeadline exn3ah96"><span aria-hidden="false">Trump and Xi Jinping’s ‘loving’ relationship has soured - can they rebuild it?</span></p></span></a></div><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1f3bvyz-Stack e1y4nx260"><div><ul role="list" class="ssrcss-1ik71mx-MetadataStripContainer eh44mf03"><div class="ssrcss-13nu8ri-GroupChildrenForWrapping eh44mf02"><li role="listitem" class="ssrcss-30fcoe-MetadataStripItem eh44mf01"><div class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Published</div><div class="ssrcss-m5j4pi-MetadataContent eh44mf00"><span class="ssrcss-1pvwv4b-MetadataSnippet e4wm5bw3"><span class="ssrcss-1if1g9v-MetadataText e4wm5bw1">6 days ago</span></span></div></li></div></ul></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="ssrcss-r2yl4r-PromoItem e3eyuya1"><div data-testid="promo" class="ssrcss-s1qr4x-Promo e1vyq2e80"><div class="ssrcss-1enzf19-PromoCompact e18gnqux0"><div class="ssrcss-1d68cot-PromoContent exn3ah99"><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1f3bvyz-Stack e1y4nx260"><a href="/news/articles/c789l8wzeggo" class="ssrcss-1mrs5ns-PromoLink exn3ah91"><span role="text"><p class="ssrcss-1sen9vx-PromoHeadline exn3ah96"><span aria-hidden="false">Starmer will struggle to keep his ‘smash the gangs’ promise - as I saw firsthand</span></p></span></a></div><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1f3bvyz-Stack e1y4nx260"><div><ul role="list" class="ssrcss-1ik71mx-MetadataStripContainer eh44mf03"><div class="ssrcss-13nu8ri-GroupChildrenForWrapping eh44mf02"><li role="listitem" class="ssrcss-30fcoe-MetadataStripItem eh44mf01"><div class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Published</div><div class="ssrcss-m5j4pi-MetadataContent eh44mf00"><span class="ssrcss-1pvwv4b-MetadataSnippet e4wm5bw3"><span class="ssrcss-1if1g9v-MetadataText e4wm5bw1">4 days ago</span></span></div></li></div></ul></div></div></div></div></div></li></ul></section></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-5rhf4g-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">After Scotland abolished leasehold two decades ago, it introduced the commonhold system where residents own the building and a factor (a type of property agent) maintains the common areas of buildings on their behalf. Unlike managing agents in England, factors must be registered.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Commonhold has been an option in England and Wales since it was introduced under Tony Blair’s government in 2002, but the tenure has not caught on - it applies in only 1% of properties in England and Wales.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Then, last week, Pennycook announced that commonhold would be made "the default tenure," as part of the wider plan to abolish leasehold, but this will all take time to get right. The prime minister reiterated this in a radio interview.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Katie Kendrick, founder of the National Leasehold Campaign (NLC), believes that commonhold is the right way forward. “[It means] the flat owners all have a vested interest in getting best value for money on service charges.”</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">But the RFA warns that commonhold isn’t a “silver bullet”. Sometimes, not all residents in a building agree to work going ahead, which can slow down repairs or prevent them happening at all, they say.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="subheadline-block" class="ssrcss-z0dilw-ComponentWrapper-HeadlineComponentWrapper egtrm1f0"><h2 id="Fightback-from-landowners" tabindex="-1" class="ssrcss-pbttu9-Heading e10rt3ze0"><span role="text">Fightback from landowners</span></h2></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-5rhf4g-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Whatever happens next, it won’t be easy. Landowners have power and deep pockets and they’re prepared to fight for the land. A group of major freeholders are bringing a legal challenge under the Human Rights Act over proposed changes to the calculation used to compensate landowners when leases are extended.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Henry Hill of the ConservativeHome website is sceptical that any government will ever be able to successfully take on all those with a vested interest in preserving leasehold. “We're talking tens of billions, hundreds of billions maybe worth of value, unless the government was prepared to try and just take that without compensation, which in our current legal regime would be impossible,” he says.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">“Formally abolishing leasehold is not going to happen.“</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">However, Sebastian O’Kelly is hopeful. “Labour needs to get it finished,” he says.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Labour has said it will indeed get it finished and it is “switching on” some of the legislation that the Conservatives bought in. In addition, they are drafting another bill that will go further.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">In the meantime, however, frustration is still growing among many leaseholders, as this all requires more waiting.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">And according to Suzanne Muna from the Social Housing Action Campaign (SHAC), “people are getting organised”, with members going on service charge strike and refusing to pay soaring bills. It is a risky move, as under lease conditions, it can leave leaseholders at risk of losing their home.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-2k24j-ComponentWrapper-FullWidthWrapper ey0461q0"><figure class="ssrcss-1vfya96-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-n0t9s-Placeholder etlorgc0"><span><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/ddfb/live/bc233f30-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/ddfb/live/bc233f30-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/ddfb/live/bc233f30-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/ddfb/live/bc233f30-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/ddfb/live/bc233f30-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/ddfb/live/bc233f30-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png.webp 976w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="Keeley Livingstone" loading="lazy" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1920/cpsprodpb/ddfb/live/bc233f30-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/ddfb/live/bc233f30-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/ddfb/live/bc233f30-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/ddfb/live/bc233f30-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/ddfb/live/bc233f30-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/ddfb/live/bc233f30-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/ddfb/live/bc233f30-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png 976w" width="1920" height="1280" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></noscript></span></span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-1kk6ucf-StyledFigureCaption ehbdhz00"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image caption, </span><div spacing="6" class="ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Keeley Livingstone spent hundreds of hours poring over her bills to challenge her service charge</p></div></figcaption></figure></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div width="wide" class="ssrcss-ahx90r-WrapWithWidth e42f8510"><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-5rhf4g-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Some, however, have successfully challenged their service charges. Property lawyer Keeley Livingstone, from Essex, says she was able to save £140,000 for her and her neighbours, after spending more than 100 hours examining their bills and pointing to the freeholder where they had been overcharged.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">“There were a few things on there that just didn't look right,” she says. “We have a concierge and security. I questioned that because [the bill] was so high, and we don't see half of these people. That was removed - £98,000 worth.”</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">But others, like Michele, still feel stuck. “I have absolutely no power,” she says. “I want to sell my flat and I cannot.”</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">She says that Pennycook, who is her local MP, seemed sympathetic to her situation when she and her neighbours raised it with him. Whether he can change their particular situation - and that of thousands of others - remains to be seen.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">“I would never buy a leasehold again,” says Michele. “Landlords have too much power. The management company has too much power. 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But her joy soon soured.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In 2016, Michele McInroy was overjoyed to pick up the keys to her new home - a two-bedroom flat in a refurbished building in Woolwich, south London. But her joy soon soured.\",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Communal areas were neglected, lifts didn’t work and repairs went unfixed, Michele says. Earlier this year, her service charge increased to around £10,000 a year, marking a 320% rise in five years.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Communal areas were neglected, lifts didn’t work and repairs went unfixed, Michele says. Earlier this year, her service charge increased to around £10,000 a year, marking a 320% rise in five years.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Michele, who works as a civil servant, hopes to move from the capital to Dundee to be closer to her grandson but she is struggling to sell the flat - and believes that the service charge is making it harder still. “I'm losing time that I could be spending with my family that's really precious to me,” she says.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Michele, who works as a civil servant, hopes to move from the capital to Dundee to be closer to her grandson but she is struggling to sell the flat - and believes that the service charge is making it harder still. “I'm losing time that I could be spending with my family that's really precious to me,” she says.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“I just feel trapped and there is absolutely nothing I can do.”\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“I just feel trapped and there is absolutely nothing I can do.”\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Across England and Wales, other homeowners are telling similar stories, as annual service charges have risen significantly. The average is currently £2,321, up 44% since 2016, according to estate agent Hamptons. In London it’s £2,500, marking a 52% increase in the same period. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Across England and Wales, other homeowners are telling similar stories, as annual service charges have risen significantly. The average is currently £2,321, up 44% since 2016, according to estate agent Hamptons. In London it’s £2,500, marking a 52% increase in the same period. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Others I have spoken to say their service charges have increased by 400-500% in that time.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Others I have spoken to say their service charges have increased by 400-500% in that time.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"caption\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Michele's service charge is now around £10,000 a year \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Michele's service charge is now around £10,000 a year \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},\"image\":{\"alt\":\"Michele McInroy\",\"copyright\":null,\"height\":1280,\"width\":1920,\"src\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1920/cpsprodpb/88b5/live/a54eac40-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/88b5/live/a54eac40-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/88b5/live/a54eac40-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/88b5/live/a54eac40-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/88b5/live/a54eac40-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/88b5/live/a54eac40-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/88b5/live/a54eac40-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png.webp 976w\",\"mimeType\":\"image/webp\",\"fallbackSrcSets\":[{\"mimeType\":\"image/png\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/88b5/live/a54eac40-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/88b5/live/a54eac40-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/88b5/live/a54eac40-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/88b5/live/a54eac40-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/88b5/live/a54eac40-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/88b5/live/a54eac40-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png 976w\"}]}}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Among them is Gaz Rahman, whose annual service charge for his flat in the London borough of Tower Hamlets hit £4,654 in 2024, up from £960 five years earlier. “There's no accountability,” he argues. “It just doesn't add up.”\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Among them is Gaz Rahman, whose annual service charge for his flat in the London borough of Tower Hamlets hit £4,654 in 2024, up from £960 five years earlier. “There's no accountability,” he argues. “It just doesn't add up.”\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Sue Robertson, who owns a one-bedroom flat in West Sussex, reports that her service charge has shot up by 320% since 2019 - from £750 to £3,198 a year.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Sue Robertson, who owns a one-bedroom flat in West Sussex, reports that her service charge has shot up by 320% since 2019 - from £750 to £3,198 a year.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Some leaseholders have opened up about the devastating effect of these costs on their lives - among them are cases of bankruptcy, pressure on relationships and mental health. Sue Robertson tells me that she was hospitalised after attempting suicide. The financial pressure was, she says, a major factor. “Everything just got too much for me.”\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Some leaseholders have opened up about the devastating effect of these costs on their lives - among them are cases of bankruptcy, pressure on relationships and mental health. Sue Robertson tells me that she was hospitalised after attempting suicide. The financial pressure was, she says, a major factor. “Everything just got too much for me.”\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"For years, politicians have said they planned to address this issue. Then, last week, the current government committed to abolishing leasehold. Housing minister Matthew Pennycook said in a statement that there will be a consultation and white paper early next year - but for some this has come too late. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"For years, politicians have said they planned to address this issue. Then, last week, the current government\",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" committed to abolishing leasehold.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" committed to abolishing leasehold.\",\"attributes\":[]}}],\"locator\":\"/news/articles/c0k8y5k77gdo\",\"isExternal\":false}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" Housing minister Matthew Pennycook said in a statement that there will be a consultation and white paper early next year - but for some this has come too late. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"And the question that remains is, how did it reach a point where the government needed to intervene?\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"And the question that remains is, how did it reach a point where the government needed to intervene?\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"image\":{\"alt\":\"A line chart showing how average annual service charges for leaseholders have risen faster in London than across England and Wales as a whole since 2016. A red line shows how London has seen a 52% increase over the eight year period, compared with 44% across England and Wales, which is represented by a blue line.\",\"copyright\":null,\"height\":2159.881947860305,\"width\":3840,\"src\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/3840/cpsprodpb/0e21/live/a3b5d410-a913-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/0e21/live/a3b5d410-a913-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/0e21/live/a3b5d410-a913-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/0e21/live/a3b5d410-a913-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/0e21/live/a3b5d410-a913-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/0e21/live/a3b5d410-a913-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/0e21/live/a3b5d410-a913-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png.webp 976w\",\"mimeType\":\"image/webp\",\"fallbackSrcSets\":[{\"mimeType\":\"image/png\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/0e21/live/a3b5d410-a913-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/0e21/live/a3b5d410-a913-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/0e21/live/a3b5d410-a913-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/0e21/live/a3b5d410-a913-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/0e21/live/a3b5d410-a913-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/0e21/live/a3b5d410-a913-11ef-a4fe-a3e9a6c5d640.png 976w\"}]}}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Part of the problem is that this is an archaic system, based on principles dating back to the feudal days of landowners and tenants. Under the current system, leaseholders have to pay charges to a freeholder for services, including the maintenance and repair of communal areas and buildings insurance. Often a managing agent is appointed by the freeholder.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Part of the problem is that this is an archaic system, based on principles dating back to the feudal days of landowners and tenants. Under the current system, leaseholders have to pay charges to a freeholder for services, including the maintenance and repair of communal areas and buildings insurance. Often a managing agent is appointed by the freeholder.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The vague language in the current law adds to the confusion. The law simply states that service charges must be “reasonable” and that where costs relate to work or services, they must be of a “reasonable” standard.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The vague language in the current law adds to the confusion. The law simply states that service charges must be “reasonable” and that where costs relate to work or services, they must be of a “reasonable” standard.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But campaigners in the field argue that there is another issue at play. They claim unscrupulous freeholders and managing agents exploiting the system.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But campaigners in the field argue that there is another issue at play. They claim unscrupulous freeholders and managing agents\",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" exploiting the system.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" exploiting the system.\",\"attributes\":[]}}],\"locator\":\"/iplayer/episode/m00257dz/the-leasehold-trap\",\"isExternal\":false}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"subheadline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“Exploitation in broad daylight”\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“Exploitation in broad daylight”\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}],\"level\":2,\"fontScale\":\"headlineSmall\",\"id\":\"Exploitation-in-broad-daylight\",\"isFocusable\":true}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"As Sebastian O’Kelly, chief executive of the Leasehold Knowledge Partnership, puts it: Investors cottoned on to the fact they could make money out of the boom in newbuild apartment blocks that have sprung up across the country over the last 25 years.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"As Sebastian O’Kelly, chief executive of the Leasehold Knowledge Partnership, puts it: Investors cottoned on to the fact they could make money out of the boom in newbuild apartment blocks that have sprung up across the country over the last 25 years.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Previously most freeholders were local authorities or landowners but the boom has led to investors - including venture capital, pension funds and even charities - getting involved. Income from ground rents and lease extensions as well as the rising value of the land itself all make this lucrative.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Previously most freeholders were local authorities or landowners but the boom has led to investors - including venture capital, pension funds and even charities - getting involved. Income from ground rents and lease extensions as well as the rising value of the land itself all make this lucrative.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“We're talking about a multi-billion pound property sector.” He argues that leaseholders are at the mercy of companies who are “just there to make money out of them”.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“We're talking about a multi-billion pound property sector.” He argues that leaseholders are at the mercy of companies who are “just there to make money out of them”.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In a recent investigation, the BBC examined about 140 tribunals relating to one London-based firm, Assethold, and discovered that judges have assessed it to have overcharged homeowners by a combined sum of nearly £1.2m. Assethold said it was \\\"actively reviewing findings from past tribunal decisions\\\" and had implemented changes where necessary.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In a recent investigation, the BBC examined about 140 tribunals relating to one London-based firm, Assethold, and discovered that judges have assessed it to have overcharged homeowners by a combined sum of nearly £1.2m. Assethold said it was \\\"actively reviewing findings from past tribunal decisions\\\" and had implemented changes where necessary.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But the BBC has seen complaints about other companies accused of overcharging leaseholders too. The problem with policing this is that anyone can buy a freehold and anyone can set themselves up as a managing agent.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But the BBC has seen complaints about other companies accused of overcharging leaseholders too. The problem with policing this is that anyone can buy a freehold and anyone can set themselves up as a managing agent.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“There are still thousands of people being exploited,” says Sir Peter Bottomley, former Father of the House of Commons and a campaigner against the leasehold system. “The stories that have come to me in my last 15, 20 years in Parliament would make most people weep.” He says that these include numerous stories of leaseholders being exploited by freeholders.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“There are still thousands of people being exploited,” says Sir Peter Bottomley, former Father of the House of Commons and a campaigner against the leasehold system. “The stories that have come to me in my last 15, 20 years in Parliament would make most people weep.” He says that these include numerous stories of leaseholders being exploited by freeholders.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“And it's been happening in broad daylight.”\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“And it's been happening in broad daylight.”\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"caption\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"During his 49 years as an MP Sir Peter Bottomley campaigned against the leasehold system\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"During his 49 years as an MP Sir Peter Bottomley campaigned against the leasehold system\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},\"image\":{\"alt\":\"Sir Peter Bottomley\",\"copyright\":null,\"height\":1280,\"width\":1920,\"src\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1920/cpsprodpb/1c78/live/d753b230-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/1c78/live/d753b230-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png.webp 240w, 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that the system is “exploitative”, but says it has “called for improvements to the home buying and selling process” so that leaseholders understand their obligations.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The Residential Freehold Association (RFA), which represents the largest freeholders in the country, strongly disagrees that \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"the system is “exploitative”\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"the system is “exploitative”\",\"attributes\":[]}}],\"locator\":\"/news/articles/cg4lv5wpe30o\",\"isExternal\":false}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\", but says it has “called for improvements to the home buying and selling process” so that leaseholders understand their obligations.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"subheadline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Questions around transparency\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Questions around transparency\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}],\"level\":2,\"fontScale\":\"headlineSmall\",\"id\":\"Questions-around-transparency\",\"isFocusable\":true}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Large newbuild estates and buildings can be complex and expensive to maintain, but a concern among some is the lack of transparency. Leaseholders have complained about hefty bills with little detail or unexplained demands for eye-wateringly high sums.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Large newbuild estates and buildings can be complex and expensive to maintain, but a concern among some is the lack of transparency. Leaseholders have complained about hefty bills with little detail or unexplained demands for eye-wateringly high sums.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The Leasehold Advisory Service says that of the 33,000 people have gone to them for advice in the past five years, it has received more complaints about service charges than any other subject.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The Leasehold Advisory Service says that of the 33,000 people have gone to them for advice in the past five years, it has received more complaints about service charges than any other subject.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"However, industry insiders argue that there are legitimate reasons for rising charges, including the repercussions of the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as the fallout from Brexit.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"However, industry insiders argue that there are legitimate reasons for rising charges, including the repercussions of the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as the fallout from Brexit.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“We have seen significant inflation in recent years, as well as extensive material cost increases following the Covid pandemic. This ultimately translates into higher service charges,” the RFA said in a statement.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“We have seen significant inflation in recent years, as well as extensive material cost increases following the Covid pandemic. This ultimately translates into higher service charges,” the RFA said in a statement.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Jaclyn Mangaroo of the Property Institute, a professional body that represents managing agents in England and Wales, is among those arguing that Brexit triggered an increase in costs. In fact, some say exiting the EU has led to labour shortages in the industry.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Jaclyn Mangaroo of the Property Institute, a professional body that represents managing agents in England and Wales, is among those arguing that Brexit triggered an increase in costs. In fact, some say exiting the EU has led to labour shortages in the industry.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Mrs Mangaroo also points out that the Grenfell fire tragedy has seen insurance charges rise, which in turn pushed up service charges.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Mrs Mangaroo also points out that the Grenfell fire tragedy has seen insurance charges rise, which in turn pushed up service charges.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"However her organisation wants managing agents to be regulated to prevent what she calls “abuse” of the system. Its members are properly trained, she stresses, “but there is no oversight or accountability for those outside the membership, for everybody else that's operating”.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"However her organisation wants managing agents to be regulated to prevent what she calls “abuse” of the system. Its members are properly trained, she stresses, “but there is no oversight or accountability for those outside the membership, for everybody else that's operating”.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Last week the housing minister has announced they would regulate managing agents but added they need to consult on this first.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Last week the housing minister has announced they would regulate managing agents but added they need to consult on this first.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"subheadline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Labour's new plans\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Labour's new plans\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}],\"level\":2,\"fontScale\":\"headlineSmall\",\"id\":\"Labours-new-plans\",\"isFocusable\":true}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Abolishing leasehold for flats was not included in the Leasehold and Freehold Reform Act 2024. Ultimately, the Conservative government ran out of time to get everything it wanted into the legislation before Rishi Sunak called the general election.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Abolishing leasehold for flats was not included in the Leasehold and Freehold Reform Act 2024. Ultimately, the Conservative government ran out of time to get everything it wanted into the legislation before Rishi Sunak called the general election.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The legislation that passed did include some gains for leaseholders, such as giving them more power to buy their freehold. Now, however, certain elements of the previous government’s plans that never made into law will be taken forward by Labour, including making it easier for residents to acquire “the right to manage”. (In other words, they will still have a freeholder but can take over the management of their building.)\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The legislation that passed did include some gains for leaseholders, such as giving them more power to buy their freehold. Now, however, certain elements of the previous government’s plans that never made into law will be taken forward by Labour, including making it easier for residents to acquire “the right to manage”. (In other words, they will still have a freeholder but can take over the management of their building.)\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"However, the RFA says its studies show that “self-management looks to make no difference” to service charge costs.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"However, the RFA says its studies show that “self-management looks to make no difference” to service charge costs.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"links\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"link\",\"model\":{\"headline\":\"Will China step up if Trump takes a step back on climate change?\",\"metadataStripItems\":[{\"label\":\"Published\",\"text\":\"2 days ago\"}],\"url\":\"/news/articles/c3rx2drd8x8o\",\"service\":\"news\"}},{\"type\":\"link\",\"model\":{\"headline\":\"Trump and Xi Jinping’s ‘loving’ relationship has soured - can they rebuild it?\",\"metadataStripItems\":[{\"label\":\"Published\",\"text\":\"6 days ago\"}],\"url\":\"/news/articles/cdxvdqg8214o\",\"service\":\"news\"}},{\"type\":\"link\",\"model\":{\"headline\":\"Starmer will struggle to keep his ‘smash the gangs’ promise - as I saw firsthand\",\"metadataStripItems\":[{\"label\":\"Published\",\"text\":\"4 days ago\"}],\"url\":\"/news/articles/c789l8wzeggo\",\"service\":\"news\"}}],\"isAfterContent\":false}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"After Scotland abolished leasehold two decades ago, it introduced the commonhold system where residents own the building and a factor (a type of property agent) maintains the common areas of buildings on their behalf. Unlike managing agents in England, factors must be registered.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"After Scotland abolished leasehold two decades ago, it introduced the commonhold system where residents own the building and a factor (a type of property agent) maintains the common areas of buildings on their behalf. Unlike managing agents in England, factors must be registered.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Commonhold has been an option in England and Wales since it was introduced under Tony Blair’s government in 2002, but the tenure has not caught on - it applies in only 1% of properties in England and Wales.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Commonhold has been an option in England and Wales since it was introduced under Tony Blair’s government in 2002, but the tenure has not caught on - it applies in only 1% of properties in England and Wales.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Then, last week, Pennycook announced that commonhold would be made \\\"the default tenure,\\\" as part of the wider plan to abolish leasehold, but this will all take time to get right. The prime minister reiterated this in a radio interview.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Then, last week, Pennycook announced that commonhold would be made \\\"the default tenure,\\\" as part of the wider plan to abolish leasehold, but this will all take time to get right. The prime minister reiterated this in a radio interview.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Katie Kendrick, founder of the National Leasehold Campaign (NLC), believes that commonhold is the right way forward. “[It means] the flat owners all have a vested interest in getting best value for money on service charges.”\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Katie Kendrick, founder of the National Leasehold Campaign (NLC), believes that commonhold is the right way forward. “[It means] the flat owners all have a vested interest in getting best value for money on service charges.”\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But the RFA warns that commonhold isn’t a “silver bullet”. Sometimes, not all residents in a building agree to work going ahead, which can slow down repairs or prevent them happening at all, they say.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But the RFA warns that commonhold isn’t a “silver bullet”. Sometimes, not all residents in a building agree to work going ahead, which can slow down repairs or prevent them happening at all, they say.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"subheadline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Fightback from landowners\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Fightback from landowners\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}],\"level\":2,\"fontScale\":\"headlineSmall\",\"id\":\"Fightback-from-landowners\",\"isFocusable\":true}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Whatever happens next, it won’t be easy. Landowners have power and deep pockets and they’re prepared to fight for the land. A group of major freeholders are bringing a legal challenge under the Human Rights Act over proposed changes to the calculation used to compensate landowners when leases are extended.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Whatever happens next, it won’t be easy. Landowners have power and deep pockets and they’re prepared to fight for the land. A group of major freeholders are bringing a legal challenge under the Human Rights Act over proposed changes to the calculation used to compensate landowners when leases are extended.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Henry Hill of the ConservativeHome website is sceptical that any government will ever be able to successfully take on all those with a vested interest in preserving leasehold. “We're talking tens of billions, hundreds of billions maybe worth of value, unless the government was prepared to try and just take that without compensation, which in our current legal regime would be impossible,” he says.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Henry Hill of the ConservativeHome website is sceptical that any government will ever be able to successfully take on all those with a vested interest in preserving leasehold. “We're talking tens of billions, hundreds of billions maybe worth of value, unless the government was prepared to try and just take that without compensation, which in our current legal regime would be impossible,” he says.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“Formally abolishing leasehold is not going to happen.“\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“Formally abolishing leasehold is not going to happen.“\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"However, Sebastian O’Kelly is hopeful. “Labour needs to get it finished,” he says.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"However, Sebastian O’Kelly is hopeful. “Labour needs to get it finished,” he says.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Labour has said it will indeed get it finished and it is “switching on” some of the legislation that the Conservatives bought in. In addition, they are drafting another bill that will go further.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Labour has said it will indeed get it finished and it is “switching on” some of the legislation that the Conservatives bought in. In addition, they are drafting another bill that will go further.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In the meantime, however, frustration is still growing among many leaseholders, as this all requires more waiting.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In the meantime, however, frustration is still growing among many leaseholders, as this all requires more waiting.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"And according to Suzanne Muna from the Social Housing Action Campaign (SHAC), “people are getting organised”, with members going on service charge strike and refusing to pay soaring bills. It is a risky move, as under lease conditions, it can leave leaseholders at risk of losing their home.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"And according to Suzanne Muna from the Social Housing Action Campaign (SHAC), “people are getting organised”, with members going on service charge strike and refusing to pay soaring bills. It is a risky move, as under lease conditions, it can leave leaseholders at risk of losing their home.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"caption\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Keeley Livingstone spent hundreds of hours poring over her bills to challenge her service charge\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Keeley Livingstone spent hundreds of hours poring over her bills to challenge her service charge\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},\"image\":{\"alt\":\"Keeley Livingstone\",\"copyright\":null,\"height\":1280,\"width\":1920,\"src\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1920/cpsprodpb/ddfb/live/bc233f30-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/ddfb/live/bc233f30-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/ddfb/live/bc233f30-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/ddfb/live/bc233f30-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/ddfb/live/bc233f30-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/ddfb/live/bc233f30-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/ddfb/live/bc233f30-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png.webp 976w\",\"mimeType\":\"image/webp\",\"fallbackSrcSets\":[{\"mimeType\":\"image/png\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/ddfb/live/bc233f30-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/ddfb/live/bc233f30-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/ddfb/live/bc233f30-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/ddfb/live/bc233f30-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/ddfb/live/bc233f30-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/ddfb/live/bc233f30-a691-11ef-bdf5-b7cb2fa86e10.png 976w\"}]}}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Some, however, have successfully challenged their service charges. Property lawyer Keeley Livingstone, from Essex, says she was able to save £140,000 for her and her neighbours, after spending more than 100 hours examining their bills and pointing to the freeholder where they had been overcharged.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Some, however, have successfully challenged their service charges. Property lawyer Keeley Livingstone, from Essex, says she was able to save £140,000 for her and her neighbours, after spending more than 100 hours examining their bills and pointing to the freeholder where they had been overcharged.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“There were a few things on there that just didn't look right,” she says. “We have a concierge and security. I questioned that because [the bill] was so high, and we don't see half of these people. That was removed - £98,000 worth.”\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"“There were a few things on there that just didn't look right,” she says. “We have a concierge and security. I questioned that because [the bill] was so high, and we don't see half of these people. That was removed - £98,000 worth.”\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But others, like Michele, still feel stuck. “I have absolutely no power,” she says. “I want to sell my flat and I cannot.”\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But others, like Michele, still feel stuck. “I have absolutely no power,” she says. “I want to sell my flat and I cannot.”\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"She says that Pennycook, who is her local MP, seemed sympathetic to her situation when she and her neighbours raised it with him. 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