CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Novaya Zemlya - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"00053f76-3b5a-4ebb-895e-5c6ca1ab2c4d","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Novaya_Zemlya","wgTitle":"Novaya Zemlya","wgCurRevisionId":1252288776,"wgRevisionId":1252288776,"wgArticleId":21031452,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 uses Russian-language script (ru)","CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)","CS1 Norwegian-language sources (no)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use mdy dates from June 2019","Articles containing Russian-language text","Coordinates on Wikidata", "Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","Articles using infobox islands with additional info","Pages with Russian IPA","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from December 2018","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Wikipedia articles incorporating citation to the NSRW","Wikipedia articles incorporating citation to the NSRW with an wstitle parameter","Novaya Zemlya","Archipelagoes of the Arctic Ocean","Archipelagoes of the Kara Sea","Islands of the Barents Sea","Archipelagoes of Arkhangelsk Oblast","Russian nuclear test sites"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Novaya_Zemlya","wgRelevantArticleId":21031452,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}}, "wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":74,"lon":56},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q80413","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles": "ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader", "ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Novaya_Zemlya.svg/1200px-Novaya_Zemlya.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1690"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Novaya_Zemlya.svg/800px-Novaya_Zemlya.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1127"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Novaya_Zemlya.svg/640px-Novaya_Zemlya.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="901"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Novaya Zemlya - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novaya_Zemlya"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Novaya_Zemlya&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novaya_Zemlya"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Novaya_Zemlya rootpage-Novaya_Zemlya skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Novaya+Zemlya" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Novaya+Zemlya" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Novaya+Zemlya" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Novaya+Zemlya" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Convoy_PQ_17" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Convoy_PQ_17"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Convoy PQ 17</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Convoy_PQ_17-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operation_Wunderland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operation_Wunderland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Operation Wunderland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operation_Wunderland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1943_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1943_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>1943 operations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1943_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nuclear_testing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuclear_testing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Nuclear testing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuclear_testing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography_and_geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography_and_geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography and geology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography_and_geology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography and geology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography_and_geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Environment</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Environment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Environment subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Novaya Zemlya</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 89 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-89" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">89 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowaja_Zemlja" title="Nowaja Zemlja – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nowaja Zemlja" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="نوفايا زيمليا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نوفايا زيمليا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_Zembla" title="Nueva Zembla – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nueva Zembla" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeni_Torpaq" title="Yeni Torpaq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yeni Torpaq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D2%A3%D1%8B_%D0%95%D1%80" title="Яңы Ер – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Яңы Ер" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%97%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Новая Зямля – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Новая Зямля" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%97%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F_(%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B3)" title="Новая Зямля (архіпэляг) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Новая Зямля (архіпэляг)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novaya_Zemlya" title="Novaya Zemlya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Novaya Zemlya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F" title="Нова земя – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нова земя" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_zemlja_(arhipelag)" title="Nova zemlja (arhipelag) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nova zemlja (arhipelag)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novaya_Zemlya" title="Novaya Zemlya – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Novaya Zemlya" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Terra" title="Nova Terra – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nova Terra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C4%95%D0%BD%C4%95_%C3%87%C4%95%D1%80" title="Çĕнĕ Çĕр – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çĕнĕ Çĕр" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novaya_Zemlya" title="Novaya Zemlya – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Novaya Zemlya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nov%C3%A1_zem%C4%9B" title="Nová země – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nová země" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novaya_Zemlya" title="Novaya Zemlya – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Novaya Zemlya" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novaja_Zemlja" title="Novaja Zemlja – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Novaja Zemlja" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novaja_Zemlja" title="Novaja Zemlja – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Novaja Zemlja" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowaja_Semlja" title="Nowaja Semlja – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nowaja Semlja" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novaja_Zemlja" title="Novaja Zemlja – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Novaja Zemlja" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%8C%CE%B2%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%96%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%AC" title="Νόβαγια Ζεμλιά – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νόβαγια Ζεμλιά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_Zembla" title="Nueva Zembla – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nueva Zembla" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Zemlo" title="Nova Zemlo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nova Zemlo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zembla_Berria" title="Zembla Berria – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zembla Berria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%B2%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="نوایا زملیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نوایا زملیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouvelle-Zemble" title="Nouvelle-Zemble – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nouvelle-Zemble" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Sembla" title="Nova Sembla – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Nova Sembla" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novaya_Zemlya" title="Novaya Zemlya – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Novaya Zemlya" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Zembla" title="Nova Zembla – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nova Zembla" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%B0%94%EC%95%BC%EC%A0%9C%EB%AF%88%EB%9E%B4_%EC%A0%9C%EB%8F%84" title="노바야제믈랴 제도 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="노바야제믈랴 제도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%B8%D6%80_%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%AB%D6%80" title="Նոր Երկիր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նոր Երկիր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="नोवाया ज़ेमल्या – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नोवाया ज़ेमल्या" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novaja_zemlja" title="Novaja zemlja – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Novaja zemlja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novaya_Zemlya" title="Novaya Zemlya – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Novaya Zemlya" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novaya_Zemlya" title="Novaya Zemlya – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Novaya Zemlya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%97%C3%A6%D1%85%D1%85" title="Ног Зæхх – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ног Зæхх" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novaja_Zemlja" title="Novaja Zemlja – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Novaja Zemlja" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novaja_Zemlja" title="Novaja Zemlja – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Novaja Zemlja" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%96%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%94" title="נובאיה זמליה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נובאיה זמליה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novaya_Zemlya" title="Novaya Zemlya – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Novaya Zemlya" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%AC%E1%83%90" title="ახალი მიწა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ახალი მიწა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B0_%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Жаңа Жер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жаңа Жер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novaya_Zemlya" title="Novaya Zemlya – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Novaya Zemlya" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%A3%D1%8B-%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Жаңы-Жер – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жаңы-Жер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Zembla" title="Nova Zembla – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nova Zembla" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novaja_Zem%C4%BCa" title="Novaja Zemļa – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Novaja Zemļa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naujoji_%C5%BDem%C4%97" title="Naujoji Žemė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Naujoji Žemė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novaja_Zemlja" title="Novaja Zemlja – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Novaja Zemlja" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Нова Земја – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нова Земја" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="नोवाया झेम्ल्या – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नोवाया झेम्ल्या" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novaya_Zemlya" title="Novaya Zemlya – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Novaya Zemlya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuoba_Tierra" title="Nuoba Tierra – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Nuoba Tierra" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8D_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Шинэ Газар – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Шинэ Газар" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Zembla" title="Nova Zembla – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nova Zembla" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8E%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%A4%E3%82%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A3" title="ノヴァヤゼムリャ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ノヴァヤゼムリャ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Керла Латта – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Керла Латта" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowaja_Semlja" title="Nowaja Semlja – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Nowaja Semlja" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novaja_Semlja" title="Novaja Semlja – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Novaja Semlja" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novaja_Semlja" title="Novaja Semlja – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Novaja Semlja" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B2va_Zembla" title="Nòva Zembla – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nòva Zembla" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3_%D0%9C%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="У Мланде – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="У Мланде" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novaya_Zemlya" title="Novaya Zemlya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Novaya Zemlya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="نووایا زیملیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نووایا زیملیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%B2%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D9%BC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نوایا زملیا ټاپوګان – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نوایا زملیا ټاپوګان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowa_Ziemia" title="Nowa Ziemia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nowa Ziemia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Zembla" title="Nova Zembla – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nova Zembla" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novaia_Zemlea" title="Novaia Zemlea – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Novaia Zemlea" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Новая Земля – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Новая Земля" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%A5%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80_(%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8B)" title="Саҥа Сир (арыы) – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Саҥа Сир (арыы)" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novaya_Zemlya" title="Novaya Zemlya – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Novaya Zemlya" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novaya_Zemlya" title="Novaya Zemlya – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Novaya Zemlya" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nov%C3%A1_Zem" title="Nová Zem – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nová Zem" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_de%C5%BEela" title="Nova dežela – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nova dežela" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%99%D0%B0" title="Нова земља – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нова земља" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novaja_Zemlja" title="Novaja Zemlja – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Novaja Zemlja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novaja_Zemlja" title="Novaja Zemlja – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Novaja Zemlja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novaja_Zemlja" title="Novaja Zemlja – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Novaja Zemlja" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D2%A3%D0%B0_%D2%96%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Яңа Җир – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Яңа Җир" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2" title="โนวายาเซมลยา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โนวายาเซมลยา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2_(%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%B7%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="Замини Нав (галаҷазира) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Замини Нав (галаҷазира)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novaya_Zemlya" title="Novaya Zemlya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Novaya Zemlya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Нова Земля – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нова Земля" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="نووایا زیملیا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نووایا زیملیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%DB%90%DA%AD%D9%89_%D9%8A%DB%95%D8%B1" title="يېڭى يەر – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="يېڭى يەر" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novaya_Zemlya" title="Novaya Zemlya – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Novaya Zemlya" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novaya_Zemlya" title="Novaya Zemlya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Novaya Zemlya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%9C%B0%E5%B2%9B" title="新地岛 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="新地岛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%9C%B0%E5%B3%B6" title="新地島 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="新地島" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%9C%B0%E5%B2%9B" title="新地岛 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="新地岛" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q80413#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Novaya_Zemlya" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Novaya_Zemlya" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Novaya_Zemlya"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novaya_Zemlya&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novaya_Zemlya&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Novaya_Zemlya"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novaya_Zemlya&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novaya_Zemlya&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Novaya_Zemlya" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Novaya_Zemlya" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novaya_Zemlya&oldid=1252288776" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novaya_Zemlya&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Novaya_Zemlya&id=1252288776&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNovaya_Zemlya"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNovaya_Zemlya"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Novaya_Zemlya&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novaya_Zemlya&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Novaya_Zemlya" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Novaya_Zemlya" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q80413" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Novaya_Zemlya&params=74_N_56_E_type:isle_region:RU_dim:2000000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">74°N</span> <span class="longitude">56°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">74°N 56°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">74; 56</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Russian film, see <a href="/wiki/Novaya_Zemlya_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Novaya Zemlya (film)">Novaya Zemlya (film)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Archipelago in northern Russia</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129712854">.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-title-embed{background-color:#efefef;font-weight:bold;padding:0.3em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-nick,.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native>div{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-header{background-color:#efefef}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country{border-top:1px solid black;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country2{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-below{text-align:left;border-top:#aaa 1px solid}</style><table class="infobox ib-islands vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Novaya Zemlya</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="nickname"><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Новая Земля</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Novaya_Zemlya.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Novaya_Zemlya.svg/260px-Novaya_Zemlya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="366" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Novaya_Zemlya.svg/390px-Novaya_Zemlya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Novaya_Zemlya.svg/520px-Novaya_Zemlya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="631" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Map of Novaya Zemlya</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ivan_bomb.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Ivan_bomb.png/260px-Ivan_bomb.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Ivan_bomb.png/390px-Ivan_bomb.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Ivan_bomb.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="348" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Location of Novaya Zemlya, including the site of the Tsar Bomba detonation</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Geography</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Arctic Ocean</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Novaya_Zemlya&params=74_N_56_E_type:isle_region:RU_dim:2000000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">74°N</span> <span class="longitude">56°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">74°N 56°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">74; 56</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major islands</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">83,000 km<sup>2</sup> (32,000 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">1,547 m (5075 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest point</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gora_Kruzenshterna" class="mw-redirect" title="Gora Kruzenshterna">Gora Kruzenshterna</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Administration</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div><b>Russia</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Federal subject</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk_Oblast" title="Arkhangelsk Oblast">Arkhangelsk Oblast</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest settlement</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Belushya_Guba" title="Belushya Guba">Belushya Guba</a> (pop. 1,972)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Demographics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">3,576 (2021)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pop. density</th><td class="infobox-data">0.04/km<sup>2</sup> (0.1/sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Additional information</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:242px;max-width:242px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:150px;max-width:150px"><div style="height:98px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Novaya_Zemlya.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Flag_of_Novaya_Zemlya.png/148px-Flag_of_Novaya_Zemlya.png" decoding="async" width="148" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Flag_of_Novaya_Zemlya.png/222px-Flag_of_Novaya_Zemlya.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Flag_of_Novaya_Zemlya.png/296px-Flag_of_Novaya_Zemlya.png 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="3200" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Flag</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:88px;max-width:88px"><div style="height:98px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Novaya_Zemlya.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Coat_of_arms_of_Novaya_Zemlya.png/86px-Coat_of_arms_of_Novaya_Zemlya.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Coat_of_arms_of_Novaya_Zemlya.png/129px-Coat_of_arms_of_Novaya_Zemlya.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Coat_of_arms_of_Novaya_Zemlya.png/172px-Coat_of_arms_of_Novaya_Zemlya.png 2x" data-file-width="2406" data-file-height="2756" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Seal</div></div></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Novaya Zemlya</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <small>also</small> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span></span>-,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="/./: syllable break">.</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span>-/</a></span></span>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/-<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span></span>(<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span></span>)<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Новая Земля</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[ˈnovəjə<span class="wrap"> </span>zʲɪmˈlʲa]</a></span>; <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">New Land</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>), also spelled <b><span title="Russian-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ru-Latn">Novaja Zemlja</span></span></b>, is an <a href="/wiki/Archipelago" title="Archipelago">archipelago</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Russia">northern Russia</a>. It is situated in the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Arctic Ocean</a>, in the extreme northeast of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Cape_Flissingsky" title="Cape Flissingsky">Cape Flissingsky</a>, on the northern island, considered the <a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Europe" title="Extreme points of Europe">easternmost point of Europe</a>. To Novaya Zemlya's west lies the <a href="/wiki/Barents_Sea" title="Barents Sea">Barents Sea</a> and to the east is the <a href="/wiki/Kara_Sea" title="Kara Sea">Kara Sea</a>. </p><p>Novaya Zemlya consists of two main islands, the northern <a href="/wiki/Severny_Island" title="Severny Island">Severny Island</a> and the southern <a href="/wiki/Yuzhny_Island" title="Yuzhny Island">Yuzhny Island</a>, which are separated by the <a href="/wiki/Matochkin_Strait" title="Matochkin Strait">Matochkin Strait</a>. <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Administrative_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">Administratively</a>, it is incorporated as <b>Novaya Zemlya District</b>, one of the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Arkhangelsk_Oblast" title="Administrative divisions of Arkhangelsk Oblast">twenty-one</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk_Oblast" title="Arkhangelsk Oblast">Arkhangelsk Oblast</a>, Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-ArkhangelskO_adm_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ArkhangelskO_adm-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Municipal_divisions_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal divisions of Russia">Municipally</a>, it is incorporated as <b>Novaya Zemlya Urban Okrug</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-ArkhangelskO_mun_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ArkhangelskO_mun-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Novaya Zemlya was a sensitive military area during the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, and parts of it are still used for <a href="/wiki/Airfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Airfield">airfields</a> today. The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Air_Forces" title="Soviet Air Forces">Soviet Air Force</a> maintained a presence at <a href="/wiki/Rogachevo_(air_base)" title="Rogachevo (air base)">Rogachevo</a> on the southern part of the southern island, on the westernmost peninsula (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Novaya_Zemlya&params=71.61787_N_52.47884_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">71°37′04″N</span> <span class="longitude">52°28′44″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">71.61787°N 52.47884°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">71.61787; 52.47884</span></span></span></a></span></span>). It was used primarily for <a href="/wiki/Interceptor_aircraft" title="Interceptor aircraft">interceptor aircraft</a> operations, but also provided logistical support for the nearby nuclear test area. Novaya Zemlya was one of the two major nuclear test sites managed by the USSR along with the <a href="/wiki/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site" title="Semipalatinsk Test Site">Semipalatinsk Test Site</a>; it was used for air drops and underground testing of the largest of Soviet nuclear bombs, in particular the October 30, 1961, <a href="/wiki/Air_burst#Nuclear_weapons" title="Air burst">air burst</a> explosion of <a href="/wiki/Tsar_Bomba" title="Tsar Bomba">Tsar Bomba</a>, the largest, most powerful nuclear weapon ever detonated. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novaya_Zemlya&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Russian people knew of Novaya Zemlya from the 11th century, when hunters from <a href="/wiki/Novgorod" class="mw-redirect" title="Novgorod">Novgorod</a> visited the area.<sup id="cite_ref-eb1911_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb1911-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For Western Europeans, the search for the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Sea_Route" title="Northern Sea Route">Northern Sea Route</a> in the 16th century led to its exploration.<sup id="cite_ref-eb1911_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb1911-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first visit from a Western European was by <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Willoughby_(sea_captain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh Willoughby (sea captain)">Hugh Willoughby</a> in 1553.<sup id="cite_ref-eb1911_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb1911-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dutch explorer <a href="/wiki/Willem_Barentsz" title="Willem Barentsz">Willem Barentsz</a> reached the west coast of Novaya Zemlya in 1594, and in a subsequent expedition of 1596, he rounded the northern cape and wintered on the northeastern coast.<sup id="cite_ref-whitfield_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whitfield-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Barentsz died during the expedition, and may have been buried on Severny Island.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) During a later voyage by <a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Litke" class="mw-redirect" title="Fyodor Litke">Fyodor Litke</a> in 1821–1824, the western coast was <a href="/wiki/Cartography" title="Cartography">mapped</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-eb1911_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb1911-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson">Henry Hudson</a> was another explorer who passed through Novaya Zemlya while searching for the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Passage" title="Northeast Passage">Northeast Passage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-encarta_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encarta-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The islands were systematically surveyed by <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Pakhtusov" title="Pyotr Pakhtusov">Pyotr Pakhtusov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Avgust_Tsivolko" title="Avgust Tsivolko">Avgust Tsivolko</a> during the early 1830s. The first permanent settlement was established in 1870 at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malye_Karmakuly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malye Karmakuly (page does not exist)">Malye Karmakuly</a>, which served as capital of Novaya Zemlya until 1924. Later, the administrative center was transferred to <a href="/wiki/Belushya_Guba" title="Belushya Guba">Belushya Guba</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-history3_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-barentsfi_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barentsfi-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1935 to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lagernoe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lagernoe (page does not exist)">Lagernoe</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-history3_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but then returned to Belushya Guba. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Barents%27_ship_among_the_arctic_ice.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Willem Barentsz' ship among the Arctic ice."><img alt="Willem Barentsz' ship among the Arctic ice." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Barents%27_ship_among_the_arctic_ice.jpg/200px-Barents%27_ship_among_the_arctic_ice.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Barents%27_ship_among_the_arctic_ice.jpg/300px-Barents%27_ship_among_the_arctic_ice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Barents%27_ship_among_the_arctic_ice.jpg/400px-Barents%27_ship_among_the_arctic_ice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="415" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Willem_Barentsz" title="Willem Barentsz">Willem Barentsz</a>' ship among the Arctic ice.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_Orientalis_-_no-nb_digibok_2013101026001-314.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1599–1601 map of Novaya Zemlya."><img alt="1599–1601 map of Novaya Zemlya." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/India_Orientalis_-_no-nb_digibok_2013101026001-314.jpg/200px-India_Orientalis_-_no-nb_digibok_2013101026001-314.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/India_Orientalis_-_no-nb_digibok_2013101026001-314.jpg/300px-India_Orientalis_-_no-nb_digibok_2013101026001-314.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/India_Orientalis_-_no-nb_digibok_2013101026001-314.jpg/400px-India_Orientalis_-_no-nb_digibok_2013101026001-314.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4662" data-file-height="2949" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1599–1601 map of Novaya Zemlya.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:C.G._Zorgdragers_Bloeyende_opkomst_der_aloude_en_hedendaagsche_Groenlandsche_visschery_-_no-nb_digibok_2014010724007-V6.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Novaya Zemlya from 1720."><img alt="Map of Novaya Zemlya from 1720." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/C.G._Zorgdragers_Bloeyende_opkomst_der_aloude_en_hedendaagsche_Groenlandsche_visschery_-_no-nb_digibok_2014010724007-V6.jpg/192px-C.G._Zorgdragers_Bloeyende_opkomst_der_aloude_en_hedendaagsche_Groenlandsche_visschery_-_no-nb_digibok_2014010724007-V6.jpg" decoding="async" width="192" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/C.G._Zorgdragers_Bloeyende_opkomst_der_aloude_en_hedendaagsche_Groenlandsche_visschery_-_no-nb_digibok_2014010724007-V6.jpg/289px-C.G._Zorgdragers_Bloeyende_opkomst_der_aloude_en_hedendaagsche_Groenlandsche_visschery_-_no-nb_digibok_2014010724007-V6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/C.G._Zorgdragers_Bloeyende_opkomst_der_aloude_en_hedendaagsche_Groenlandsche_visschery_-_no-nb_digibok_2014010724007-V6.jpg/385px-C.G._Zorgdragers_Bloeyende_opkomst_der_aloude_en_hedendaagsche_Groenlandsche_visschery_-_no-nb_digibok_2014010724007-V6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3929" data-file-height="3065" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map of Novaya Zemlya from 1720.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novaya_Zemlya&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the months following Hitler's June 1941 invasion of the Soviet Union, the United States and Great Britain organized convoys of merchant ships under naval escort to deliver Lend-Lease supplies to northern Soviet seaports. The Allied convoys up to <a href="/wiki/Convoy_PQ_18" title="Convoy PQ 18">PQ 12</a> arrived unscathed but German aircraft, ships and U-boats were sent to northern Norway and Finland to oppose the convoys.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodman200433–83_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodman200433–83-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Convoy_PQ_17">Convoy PQ 17</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novaya_Zemlya&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Convoy PQ 17"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Convoy_PQ_17" title="Convoy PQ 17">Convoy PQ 17</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Convoy_PQ_17" title="Convoy PQ 17">Convoy PQ 17</a> consisted of thirty-six merchant ships containing 297 aircraft, 596 tanks, 4,286 other vehicles and more than 150,000 long tons (152,407 t) of other cargo, six destroyer escorts, fifteen additional armed ships (among which were two <a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free-French</a> corvettes) and three small rescue craft. The convoy departed <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> on June 27, 1942, one ship running aground and dropping out of the convoy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodman2004197,_199_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodman2004197,_199-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The convoy was able to sail north of Bear Island but encountered ice floes on June 30; a ship was damaged too badly to carry on and broke radio silence. On the following morning, the convoy was detected by German U-boats and German reconnaissance aircraft and torpedo bomber attacks began on July 2.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodman2004201_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodman2004201-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the night of July 2/3, the German battleship <i><a href="/wiki/German_battleship_Tirpitz" title="German battleship Tirpitz">Tirpitz</a></i> and the heavy cruiser <i><a href="/wiki/German_cruiser_Admiral_Hipper" title="German cruiser Admiral Hipper">Admiral Hipper</a></i>, sortied from Trondheim with four destroyers and two smaller vessels. The pocket battleships <i><a href="/wiki/German_cruiser_Admiral_Scheer" title="German cruiser Admiral Scheer">Admiral Scheer</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/German_cruiser_Deutschland" title="German cruiser Deutschland">Lützow</a></i> and six destroyers sailed from Narvik, but <i>Lützow</i> and three destroyers ran aground.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodman2004203–204_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodman2004203–204-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/British_Admiralty" class="mw-redirect" title="British Admiralty">British Admiralty</a> responded on July 4 by diverting the escort vessels to the west to rendezvous with the Home Fleet and ordered the merchant vessels to scatter. Seeking safety in the Matochkin Strait, several ships headed toward Novaya Zemlya. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Operation_Wunderland">Operation Wunderland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novaya_Zemlya&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Operation Wunderland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In August 1942, the German Navy commenced <a href="/wiki/Operation_Wunderland" title="Operation Wunderland">Operation Wunderland</a>, to enter the Kara Sea and sink as many Soviet ships as possible. <i>Admiral Scheer</i> and other warships rounded Cape Desire, entered the Kara Sea and attacked a shore station on <a href="/wiki/Dikson_Island" title="Dikson Island">Dikson Island</a>, badly damaging the Soviet ships <i>Dezhnev</i> and <i>Revolutionist</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Later that year, <a href="/wiki/Karlo_%C5%A0tajner" title="Karlo Štajner">Karlo Štajner</a> made the acquaintance of a new prisoner, a Captain Menshikov, who told him that: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"In August 1942, another…transport arrived in Novaya Zemlya. The escort ships turned around and went back. Just a few hours later, the watchman in the tower announced that a ship was in sight. Everyone assumed it was one of the Allied warships and didn't give the matter any importance. Shortly after, the watchman announced that the ship was nearing the bay. I went outside…to see for myself. As soon as I had climbed the tower, I realized to my horror that this was a German warship. I gave the alarm, but it was too late… the German cruiser was coming closer. One of the Allied freighters — the first ship we managed to get moving — steered its way out of the bay. That's all the Germans were waiting for. At the moment when the ship reached the narrowest part of the bay, the German guns sent off their first salvo — a direct hit… our coastal batteries opened fire… but the guns didn't reach far enough… [they] came closer and destroyed all the ships in the bay, as well as a large part of the harbor [and] left a hundred dead and wounded."</p></blockquote> <p>Whether the attack on Menshikov's battery occurred on Dikson Island or on Novaya Zemlya, Stajner's account illuminated the fate of a Soviet officer imprisoned by his countrymen for the "crime" of suffering defeat at the hands of the enemy. Not surprisingly, Menshikov's arrest was never announced in the Soviet press. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1943_operations">1943 operations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novaya_Zemlya&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1943 operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In August 1943, a German U-boat sank the Soviet research ship <i>Akademic Shokalskiy</i> near <i>Mys Sporyy Navolok</i> but the Soviet Navy, now on the offensive, destroyed the German submarine <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-639" title="German submarine U-639">U-639</a> near <i>Mys Zhelaniya</i>. </p><p>In 1943, Novaya Zemlya briefly served as a secret seaplane base for <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Kriegsmarine" title="Kriegsmarine">Kriegsmarine</a></i>, to provide German surveillance of <a href="/wiki/Allies_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="Allies (World War II)">Allied shipping</a> en route to <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>. The seaplane base was established by <a href="/wiki/U-255" class="mw-redirect" title="U-255">U-255</a> and <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-711" title="German submarine U-711">U-711</a>, which were operating along the northern coast of <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Soviet Russia</a> as part of <i><a href="/wiki/13th_U-boat_Flotilla" title="13th U-boat Flotilla">13th U-boat Flotilla</a></i>. Seaplane sorties were flown in August and September 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nuclear_testing">Nuclear testing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novaya_Zemlya&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Nuclear testing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Novaya Zemlya</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Novaya_Zemlya_testing_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Novaya_Zemlya_testing_map.png/250px-Novaya_Zemlya_testing_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="367" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Novaya_Zemlya_testing_map.png/375px-Novaya_Zemlya_testing_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Novaya_Zemlya_testing_map.png/500px-Novaya_Zemlya_testing_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="1692" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Novaya Zemlya Test Site boundaries and facilities</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_testing" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear testing">Nuclear test</a> site</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">land: 55,200 km<sup>2</sup> (21,300 sq mi) <br />water: 36,000 km<sup>2</sup> (14,000 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Site information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian Federation</a> (formerly <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Active</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Site history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">In use</th><td class="infobox-data">1955–present</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Test information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Subcritical" class="mw-redirect" title="Subcritical">Subcritical</a> tests</th><td class="infobox-data">not known</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fission" title="Nuclear fission">Nuclear</a> tests</th><td class="infobox-data">224</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In July 1954, Novaya Zemlya was designated as the nuclear weapons testing venue, construction of which began in October<sup id="cite_ref-khalturin_2005_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khalturin_2005-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and existed during much of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>. "Zone A", <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chyornaya_Guba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chyornaya Guba (page does not exist)">Chyornaya Guba</a> (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Novaya_Zemlya&params=70.7_N_54.6_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">70°42′N</span> <span class="longitude">54°36′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">70.7°N 54.6°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">70.7; 54.6</span></span></span></a></span></span>), was used in 1955–1962 and 1972–1975.<sup id="cite_ref-khalturin_2005_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khalturin_2005-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Zone B", <a href="/wiki/Matochkin_Shar" class="mw-redirect" title="Matochkin Shar">Matochkin Shar</a> (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Novaya_Zemlya&params=73.4_N_54.9_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">73°24′N</span> <span class="longitude">54°54′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">73.4°N 54.9°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">73.4; 54.9</span></span></span></a></span></span>), was used for underground tests in 1964–1990.<sup id="cite_ref-khalturin_2005_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khalturin_2005-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Zone C", <a href="/wiki/Sukhoy_Nos" title="Sukhoy Nos">Sukhoy Nos</a> (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Novaya_Zemlya&params=73.7_N_54.0_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">73°42′N</span> <span class="longitude">54°00′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">73.7°N 54.0°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">73.7; 54.0</span></span></span></a></span></span>), was used in 1958–1961 and was the site of the 1961 test of the <a href="/wiki/Tsar_Bomba" title="Tsar Bomba">Tsar Bomba</a>, the most powerful nuclear weapon ever detonated.<sup id="cite_ref-khalturin_2005_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khalturin_2005-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other tests occurred elsewhere throughout the islands, with an official testing range covering over half of the landmass. In September 1961, two propelled <a href="/wiki/Thermonuclear_weapon" title="Thermonuclear weapon">thermonuclear warheads</a> were launched from <a href="/wiki/Vorkuta_Sovetsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Vorkuta Sovetsky">Vorkuta Sovetsky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salekhard" title="Salekhard">Salekhard</a> to target areas on Novaya Zemlya. The <a href="/wiki/R-12_(missile)" class="mw-redirect" title="R-12 (missile)">launch rocket</a> was subsequently deployed to <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1963 saw the implementation of the <a href="/wiki/Limited_Test_Ban_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Limited Test Ban Treaty">Limited Test Ban Treaty</a> which banned most atmospheric nuclear tests.<sup id="cite_ref-lamont_doherty_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lamont_doherty-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest underground test in Novaya Zemlya took place on September 12, 1973, involving four nuclear devices of 4.2 megatons total yield. Although far smaller in blast power than the Tsar Bomba and other atmospheric tests, the confinement of the blasts underground led to pressures rivaling natural <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquakes</a>. In the case of the September 12, 1973 test, a seismic magnitude of 6.97 on the <a href="/wiki/Richter_scale" title="Richter scale">Richter scale</a> was reached, setting off an 80-million-ton <a href="/wiki/Avalanche" title="Avalanche">avalanche</a> that blocked two <a href="/wiki/Glacial_stream" title="Glacial stream">glacial streams</a> and created a lake 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) in length.<sup id="cite_ref-lamont_doherty_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lamont_doherty-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over its history as a nuclear test site, Novaya Zemlya hosted 224 nuclear detonations with a total explosive energy equivalent to 265 megatons of TNT.<sup id="cite_ref-khalturin_2005_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khalturin_2005-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For comparison, all explosives used in World War II, including the detonations of two US nuclear bombs, amounted to only two megatons.<sup id="cite_ref-lamont_doherty_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lamont_doherty-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1988–1989, <i><a href="/wiki/Glasnost" title="Glasnost">glasnost</a></i> helped make the Novaya Zemlya testing activities public knowledge,<sup id="cite_ref-khalturin_2005_16-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khalturin_2005-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1990 <a href="/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace">Greenpeace</a> activists staged a protest at the site.<sup id="cite_ref-greenpeace_hist_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greenpeace_hist-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last nuclear test explosion was in 1990 (also the last for the entire Soviet Union and Russia). The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_Atomic_Energy_(Russian_Federation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry for Atomic Energy (Russian Federation)">Ministry for Atomic Energy</a> has performed a series of <a href="/wiki/Subcritical" class="mw-redirect" title="Subcritical">subcritical</a> underwater nuclear experiments near Matochkin Shar each autumn since 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-jasinsky_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jasinsky-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These tests reportedly involve up to 100 grams (3.5 <a href="/wiki/Ounce" title="Ounce">oz</a>) of weapons-grade plutonium.<sup id="cite_ref-nti_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nti-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2012, it was reported that Russia would resume subcritical nuclear testing at "Zone B". In spring 2013, construction of what would become a new tunnel and four buildings<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was initiated near the <i>Severny</i> settlement, 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) west-northwest to the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Lazarev" title="Mount Lazarev">Mount Lazarev</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NTI_subcritical_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NTI_subcritical-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Severny_interactive_map_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Severny_interactive_map-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, CNN reported that commercial satellite imagery showed new tunneling activity and surface construction at Novaya Zemlya test sites (including published imagery at <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Novaya_Zemlya&params=73.385_N_54.740_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">73°23′06″N</span> <span class="longitude">54°44′24″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">73.385°N 54.740°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">73.385; 54.740</span></span></span></a></span></span>) that indicated possible preparation for resumption of nuclear testing.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novaya_Zemlya&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zemblien_(Description_de_l%27Univers,_t._1,_pl._103).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Zemblien_%28Description_de_l%27Univers%2C_t._1%2C_pl._103%29.jpg/250px-Zemblien_%28Description_de_l%27Univers%2C_t._1%2C_pl._103%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="364" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Zemblien_%28Description_de_l%27Univers%2C_t._1%2C_pl._103%29.jpg/375px-Zemblien_%28Description_de_l%27Univers%2C_t._1%2C_pl._103%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Zemblien_%28Description_de_l%27Univers%2C_t._1%2C_pl._103%29.jpg/500px-Zemblien_%28Description_de_l%27Univers%2C_t._1%2C_pl._103%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="556" data-file-height="809" /></a><figcaption>A perception of a "Zemblien", a Novaya Zemlya native, by a 17th century French traveller</figcaption></figure><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">108</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1936</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">390</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+261.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1955</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">536</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+37.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2002</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,716</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+406.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2010</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2,429</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−10.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,302</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−5.2%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: Census data and estimates</td></tr></tbody></table><p>A 17th-century traveller to the North, ship surgeon <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Martin_de_La_Martini%C3%A8re" title="Pierre Martin de La Martinière">Pierre Martin de La Martinière</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-onz_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-onz-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gave a description of the indigenous population of the archipelago, whom he called <i>Zembliens</i>, from <i>Nova Zembla</i> or <i>Nouvelle Zemble</i> for "Novaya Zemlya".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He noted that the Zembliens worshipped the Sun and wooden idols.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1870s several Nenets families were resettled from elsewhere as part of the colonization of the territory by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, which established a settlement of Malye Karmakuly (Малые Кармакулы).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The indigenous population (from 1872<sup id="cite_ref-history2_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history2-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-history3_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the 1950s) consisted of about 50–300 <a href="/wiki/Nenets_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Nenets people">Nenets</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who subsisted mainly on <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Animal_trapping" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal trapping">trapping</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reindeer" title="Reindeer">reindeer</a> herding, <a href="/wiki/Polar_bear" title="Polar bear">polar bear</a> hunting and <a href="/wiki/Seal_(mammal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal (mammal)">seal</a> hunting.<sup id="cite_ref-columbia_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-columbia-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nucl_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nucl-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Natural resources include <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-columbia_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-columbia-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The entire civilian population was transferred to the mainland in 1957 before nuclear testing began.<sup id="cite_ref-nucl_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nucl-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The population of Novaya Zemlya as of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Census_(2010)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Census (2010)">2010 Census</a> was about 2,429, of whom 1,972 resided in <a href="/wiki/Belushya_Guba" title="Belushya Guba">Belushya Guba</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2010Census_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010Census-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an <a href="/wiki/Urban_settlement" title="Urban settlement">urban settlement</a> that is the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative center">administrative center</a> of Novaya Zemlya District. 457 more persons resided in the second largest settlement of Rogachevo, <a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk_Oblast" title="Arkhangelsk Oblast">Rogachevo</a>. The population consists mainly of military and construction workers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography_and_geology">Geography and geology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novaya_Zemlya&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geography and geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_fjords_of_Russia" title="List of fjords of Russia">List of fjords of Russia</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_glaciers_in_Russia" title="List of glaciers in Russia">List of glaciers in Russia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8_2.JPG/220px-%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8_2.JPG/330px-%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8_2.JPG/440px-%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Landscape in Novaya Zemlya, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Arctic_National_Park" title="Russian Arctic National Park">Russian Arctic National Park</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Novaya Zemlya is an extension of the northern part of the <a href="/wiki/Ural_Mountains" title="Ural Mountains">Ural Mountains</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-nasa_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the interior is mountainous throughout.<sup id="cite_ref-eb1911_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb1911-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is separated from the mainland by the <a href="/wiki/Kara_Strait" title="Kara Strait">Kara Strait</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-eb1911_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb1911-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Novaya Zemlya consists of two major islands, separated by the narrow <a href="/wiki/Matochkin_Strait" title="Matochkin Strait">Matochkin Strait</a>, as well as a number of smaller islands. The two main islands are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Severny_Island" title="Severny Island">Severny</a> (Northern), which has a large <a href="/wiki/Ice_cap" title="Ice cap">ice cap</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Severny_Island_ice_cap" title="Severny Island ice cap">Severny Island ice cap</a>, as well as many active <a href="/wiki/Glacier" title="Glacier">glaciers</a>. It has an area of 48,904 square kilometres (18,882 sq mi).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzhny_Island" title="Yuzhny Island">Yuzhny</a> (Southern), which is largely <a href="/wiki/Unglaciated" class="mw-redirect" title="Unglaciated">unglaciated</a> and has a <a href="/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra">tundra</a> landscape.<sup id="cite_ref-columbia_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-columbia-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has an area of 33,275 square kilometres (12,800 sq mi).</li></ul> <p>The coast of Novaya Zemlya is very indented, and it is the area with the largest number of <a href="/wiki/Fjord" title="Fjord">fjords</a> in the Russian Federation. Novaya Zemlya separates the <a href="/wiki/Barents_Sea" title="Barents Sea">Barents Sea</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Kara_Sea" title="Kara Sea">Kara Sea</a>. The total area is about 83,000 square kilometers (32,000 sq mi). The highest mountain is located on the Northern island and is 1,547 meters (5,075 ft) high.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Compared to other regions that were under large <a href="/wiki/Ice_sheet" title="Ice sheet">ice sheets</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Weichselian_glaciation" title="Weichselian glaciation">last glacial period</a>, Novaya Zemlya shows relatively little <a href="/wiki/Isostatic_rebound" class="mw-redirect" title="Isostatic rebound">isostatic rebound</a>. Possibly this is indebted to a counter-effect created by the growth of glaciers during the last few thousand years.<sup id="cite_ref-AmantovFeldskaar_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AmantovFeldskaar-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geology">Geology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novaya_Zemlya&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The geology of Novaya Zemlya is dominated by a large <a href="/wiki/Anticline" title="Anticline">anticlinal</a> structure that forms an extension of the <a href="/wiki/Ural_Mountains" title="Ural Mountains">Ural Mountains</a>. The geology is primarily formed of <a href="/wiki/Paleozoic" title="Paleozoic">Paleozoic</a> sedimentary rocks, including both <a href="/wiki/Carbonate_rock" title="Carbonate rock">carbonate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siliciclastic" title="Siliciclastic">siliciclastic</a> rocks spanning the <a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Cambrian</a> to <a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">Permian</a>, ranging from deep marine <a href="/wiki/Turbidite" title="Turbidite">turbidites</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flysch" title="Flysch">flysch</a> to shallow marine and terrestrial <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstones</a> and reef limestones. Small areas of late <a href="/wiki/Neoproterozoic" title="Neoproterozoic">Neoproterozoic</a> (~600 mya) <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a> and associated <a href="/wiki/Metasedimentary_rock" title="Metasedimentary rock">metasedimentary</a> rocks are also exposed.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 892px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roze_Glacier,_Novaya_Zemlya.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Natural-color satellite image of the Nordenskiöld Glacier group. East coast, Severny"><img alt="Natural-color satellite image of the Nordenskiöld Glacier group. East coast, Severny" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Roze_Glacier%2C_Novaya_Zemlya.jpg/180px-Roze_Glacier%2C_Novaya_Zemlya.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Roze_Glacier%2C_Novaya_Zemlya.jpg/270px-Roze_Glacier%2C_Novaya_Zemlya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Roze_Glacier%2C_Novaya_Zemlya.jpg/360px-Roze_Glacier%2C_Novaya_Zemlya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4222" data-file-height="3297" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Natural-color satellite image of the <a href="/wiki/Nordenski%C3%B6ld_Glacier_(Novaya_Zemlya)" title="Nordenskiöld Glacier (Novaya Zemlya)">Nordenskiöld Glacier</a> group. East coast, Severny</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Novaya_Zemlya_-_27460478779.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wide shot of Novaya Zemlya"><img alt="Wide shot of Novaya Zemlya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Novaya_Zemlya_-_27460478779.jpg/180px-Novaya_Zemlya_-_27460478779.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Novaya_Zemlya_-_27460478779.jpg/270px-Novaya_Zemlya_-_27460478779.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Novaya_Zemlya_-_27460478779.jpg/360px-Novaya_Zemlya_-_27460478779.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wide shot of Novaya Zemlya</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Barents-Bucht_1_2014-09-03_(straightened).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Barents Bay (Willem Barents' gravesite; 76°27′N 68°42′E / 76.450°N 68.700°E / 76.450; 68.700)"><img alt="Barents Bay (Willem Barents' gravesite; 76°27′N 68°42′E / 76.450°N 68.700°E / 76.450; 68.700)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Barents-Bucht_1_2014-09-03_%28straightened%29.jpg/180px-Barents-Bucht_1_2014-09-03_%28straightened%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Barents-Bucht_1_2014-09-03_%28straightened%29.jpg/270px-Barents-Bucht_1_2014-09-03_%28straightened%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Barents-Bucht_1_2014-09-03_%28straightened%29.jpg/360px-Barents-Bucht_1_2014-09-03_%28straightened%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2050" data-file-height="1367" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Barents Bay (<a href="/wiki/Willem_Barents" class="mw-redirect" title="Willem Barents">Willem Barents</a>' gravesite; <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Novaya_Zemlya&params=76_27_N_68_42_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">76°27′N</span> <span class="longitude">68°42′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">76.450°N 68.700°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">76.450; 68.700</span></span></span></a></span></span>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Inostrantsewa-Gletscher_1_2014-09-05.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Inostrantsev Glacier terminus (76°28′N 66°5′E / 76.467°N 66.083°E / 76.467; 66.083)"><img alt="Inostrantsev Glacier terminus (76°28′N 66°5′E / 76.467°N 66.083°E / 76.467; 66.083)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Inostrantsewa-Gletscher_1_2014-09-05.jpg/180px-Inostrantsewa-Gletscher_1_2014-09-05.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Inostrantsewa-Gletscher_1_2014-09-05.jpg/270px-Inostrantsewa-Gletscher_1_2014-09-05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Inostrantsewa-Gletscher_1_2014-09-05.jpg/360px-Inostrantsewa-Gletscher_1_2014-09-05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2125" data-file-height="1417" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Inostrantsev_Glacier" title="Inostrantsev Glacier">Inostrantsev Glacier</a> terminus (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Novaya_Zemlya&params=76_28_N_66_5_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">76°28′N</span> <span class="longitude">66°5′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">76.467°N 66.083°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">76.467; 66.083</span></span></span></a></span></span>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kap_Zhelanyia_2_2014-09-03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cape Zhelaniya (Northernmost cape of Severny; 76°57′N 68°35′E / 76.950°N 68.583°E / 76.950; 68.583)"><img alt="Cape Zhelaniya (Northernmost cape of Severny; 76°57′N 68°35′E / 76.950°N 68.583°E / 76.950; 68.583)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Kap_Zhelanyia_2_2014-09-03.jpg/180px-Kap_Zhelanyia_2_2014-09-03.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Kap_Zhelanyia_2_2014-09-03.jpg/270px-Kap_Zhelanyia_2_2014-09-03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Kap_Zhelanyia_2_2014-09-03.jpg/360px-Kap_Zhelanyia_2_2014-09-03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2125" data-file-height="1417" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cape_Zhelaniya" title="Cape Zhelaniya">Cape Zhelaniya</a> (Northernmost cape of Severny; <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Novaya_Zemlya&params=76_57_N_68_35_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">76°57′N</span> <span class="longitude">68°35′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">76.950°N 68.583°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">76.950; 68.583</span></span></span></a></span></span>)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environment">Environment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novaya_Zemlya&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Environment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ecology" title="Ecology">ecology</a> of Novaya Zemlya is influenced by its severe climate, but the region nevertheless supports a diversity of <a href="/wiki/Biota_(ecology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Biota (ecology)">biota</a>. One of the most notable species present is the <a href="/wiki/Polar_bear" title="Polar bear">polar bear</a>, whose population in the <a href="/wiki/Barents_Sea" title="Barents Sea">Barents Sea</a> region is genetically distinct from other polar bear <a href="/wiki/Statistical_population" title="Statistical population">subpopulations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novaya_Zemlya&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Novaya Zemlya has a maritime-influenced variety of a <a href="/wiki/Tundra_climate" title="Tundra climate">tundra climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> <i>ET</i>). Due to some effect from the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Stream" title="Gulf Stream">Gulf Stream</a> and its offshore position, winters are a lot less severe than in inland areas on a lot lower latitudes in <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>, but instead last up to eight months a year. The milder waters to its west delays the onset of <a href="/wiki/Sea_ice" title="Sea ice">sea ice</a> and causes vast <a href="/wiki/Seasonal_lag" title="Seasonal lag">seasonal lag</a> in shoulder seasons. Due to latitudinal differences, the temperatures and daylight varies quite a bit throughout the archipelago, with the Malye Karmakuly station being located in the southern part. Novaya Zemlya is cloudy in general, but snowfall and rainfall is relatively scarce for being a maritime location. Even so, glaciers dominate the northern interior and there is strong snow accumulation each winter due to the length of the season. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Malye Karmakuly, Novaya Zemlya </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6<br />(36.7) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7<br />(35.1) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4<br />(36.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8<br />(46.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6<br />(63.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2<br />(72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3<br />(82.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3<br />(81.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7<br />(49.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5<br />(40.1) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5<br />(36.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">28.3<br />(82.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.9<br />(12.4) </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.5<br />(11.3) </td> <td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.1<br />(15.6) </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.7<br />(19.9) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.4<br />(29.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9<br />(40.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0<br />(48.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5<br />(41.9) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.1<br />(31.8) </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.8<br />(23.4) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.1<br />(17.4) </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−1.9<br />(28.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #9A9AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−14.1<br />(6.6) </td> <td style="background: #9797FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−14.7<br />(5.5) </td> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.2<br />(10.0) </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.9<br />(14.2) </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.7<br />(25.3) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5<br />(36.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3<br />(45.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8<br />(44.2) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7<br />(38.7) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.8<br />(28.8) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.1<br />(19.2) </td> <td style="background: #AAAAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.1<br />(12.0) </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−4.5<br />(23.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−17.3<br />(0.9) </td> <td style="background: #8686FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−17.9<br />(−0.2) </td> <td style="background: #9494FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.2<br />(4.6) </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.0<br />(8.6) </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.8<br />(21.6) </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7<br />(33.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br />(41.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9<br />(40.8) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1<br />(35.8) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.0<br />(24.8) </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.9<br />(14.2) </td> <td style="background: #9A9AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−14.1<br />(6.6) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−7.0<br />(19.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #2424FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−36.0<br />(−32.8) </td> <td style="background: #1C1CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−37.4<br />(−35.3) </td> <td style="background: #0E0EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−40.0<br />(−40.0) </td> <td style="background: #4545FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−29.9<br />(−21.8) </td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−25.9<br />(−14.6) </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.6<br />(14.7) </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.8<br />(27.0) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.7<br />(28.9) </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.9<br />(14.2) </td> <td style="background: #7474FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−21.1<br />(−6.0) </td> <td style="background: #4949FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−29.1<br />(−20.4) </td> <td style="background: #2323FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−36.2<br />(−33.2) </td> <td style="background: #0E0EFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−40.0<br />(−40.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #D2FFD2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30<br />(1.2) </td> <td style="background: #D4FFD4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26<br />(1.0) </td> <td style="background: #DBFFDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24<br />(0.9) </td> <td style="background: #E0FFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20<br />(0.8) </td> <td style="background: #E8FFE8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15<br />(0.6) </td> <td style="background: #DBFFDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23<br />(0.9) </td> <td style="background: #C9FFC9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36<br />(1.4) </td> <td style="background: #D0FFD0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31<br />(1.2) </td> <td style="background: #C2FFC2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39<br />(1.5) </td> <td style="background: #CAFFCA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35<br />(1.4) </td> <td style="background: #DAFFDA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24<br />(0.9) </td> <td style="background: #CDFFCD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33<br />(1.3) </td> <td style="background: #D4FFD4; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">336<br />(13.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #4545FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15 </td> <td style="background: #2D2DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17 </td> <td style="background: #0C0CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">19 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">82 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #2020FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18 </td> <td style="background: #0B0BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18 </td> <td style="background: #1414FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">19 </td> <td style="background: #2626FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17 </td> <td style="background: #2D2DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17 </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #2D2DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17 </td> <td style="background: #0C0CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">19 </td> <td style="background: #0808FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">20 </td> <td style="background: #5454FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">163 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">80 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #000000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #323232; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">25 </td> <td style="background: #B0B083; color:#000000;" class="notheme">107 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">215 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">189 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">173 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">229 </td> <td style="background: #C0C020; color:#000000;" class="notheme">143 </td> <td style="background: #898989; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #494949; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40 </td> <td style="background: #050505; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #000000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #ADAD92; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,197 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net<sup id="cite_ref-pogoda_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pogoda-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: NOAA (sun 1961–1990)<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/Polar_bears" class="mw-redirect" title="Polar bears">Polar bears</a> enter human-inhabited areas more frequently than previously, which has been attributed to climate change. <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">Global warming</a> reduces sea ice, forcing the bears to come inland to find food. In February 2019, a <a href="/wiki/2019_mass_invasion_of_Russian_polar_bears" title="2019 mass invasion of Russian polar bears">mass migration</a> occurred in the northeastern portion of Novaya Zemlya. Dozens of polar bears were seen entering homes, public buildings, and inhabited areas, so <a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Arkhangelsk region">Arkhangelsk region</a> authorities declared a state of emergency on Saturday, February 16, 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-A3_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A3-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-A4_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A4-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novaya_Zemlya&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/Clive_Cussler" title="Clive Cussler">Clive Cussler</a>'s 1976 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Raise_the_Titanic!" title="Raise the Titanic!">Raise the Titanic!</a></i>, Nova Zemlya is the location of a rare mineral, byzanium, mined secretly by Americans in 1911. A map of the island is provided.</li> <li>In <i><a href="/wiki/Pale_Fire" title="Pale Fire">Pale Fire</a></i> (1962), Kinbote's home country is named Zembla, and references to Novaya Zemlya are made throughout the novel.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2011, a Dutch feature film, <i><a href="/wiki/Nova_Zembla_(film)" title="Nova Zembla (film)">Nova Zembla</a></i>, depicted the last journey of <a href="/wiki/Willem_Barentsz" title="Willem Barentsz">Willem Barentsz</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novaya_Zemlya&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Russia" title="Portal:Russia">Russia portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/28px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/42px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/56px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islands" title="Portal:Islands">Islands portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fjords_of_Russia" title="List of fjords of Russia">List of fjords of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Russia" title="List of islands of Russia">List of islands of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novaya_Zemlya_effect" title="Novaya Zemlya effect">Novaya Zemlya effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gusinaya_Zemlya" title="Gusinaya Zemlya">Gusinaya Zemlya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_Nova_(2008_film)" title="Terra Nova (2008 film)"><i>Novaya Zemlya</i> (2008 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Zembla_(film)" title="Nova Zembla (film)"><i>Nova Zembla</i> (2011 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsar_Bomba" title="Tsar Bomba">Tsar Bomba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gora_Severny_Nunatak" title="Gora Severny Nunatak">Gora Severny Nunatak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezhdusharsky_Island" title="Mezhdusharsky Island">Mezhdusharsky Island</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novaya_Zemlya&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novaya_Zemlya&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWells2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Wells" title="John C. Wells">Wells, John C.</a> (2008). <i>Longman Pronunciation Dictionary</i> (3rd ed.). Longman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4058-8118-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4058-8118-0"><bdi>978-1-4058-8118-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Longman+Pronunciation+Dictionary&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4058-8118-0&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovaya+Zemlya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUptonKretzschmar2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Clive_Upton" title="Clive Upton">Upton, Clive</a>; Kretzschmar, William A. Jr. (2017). <i>The Routledge Dictionary of Pronunciation for Current English</i> (2nd ed.). Routledge. p. 910. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-12566-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-138-12566-7"><bdi>978-1-138-12566-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Dictionary+of+Pronunciation+for+Current+English&rft.pages=910&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-138-12566-7&rft.aulast=Upton&rft.aufirst=Clive&rft.au=Kretzschmar%2C+William+A.+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovaya+Zemlya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ArkhangelskO_adm-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ArkhangelskO_adm_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Law #65-5-OZ</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ArkhangelskO_mun-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ArkhangelskO_mun_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Law #258-vneoch.-OZ</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eb1911-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eb1911_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb1911_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb1911_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb1911_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb1911_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb1911_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Novaya Zemlya"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Novaya_Zemlya">"Novaya Zemlya" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 832–833.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Novaya+Zemlya&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=832-833&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovaya+Zemlya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-whitfield-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-whitfield_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitfield1998" class="citation book cs1">Whitfield, Peter (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newfoundlandsmap0000whit"><i>New Found Lands: Maps in the History of Exploration</i></a></span>. UK: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-92026-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-92026-4"><bdi>0-415-92026-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Found+Lands%3A+Maps+in+the+History+of+Exploration&rft.place=UK&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-415-92026-4&rft.aulast=Whitfield&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewfoundlandsmap0000whit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovaya+Zemlya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZeebergFlooreMaatGawronski2002" class="citation journal cs1">Zeeberg, Jaapjan J.; et al. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/370951">"Search for Barents: Evaluation of Possible Burial Sites on North Novaya Zemlya, Russia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Arctic_(journal)" title="Arctic (journal)">Arctic</a></i>. <b>55</b> (4): 329–338. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.14430%2Farctic716">10.14430/arctic716</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40512490">40512490</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arctic&rft.atitle=Search+for+Barents%3A+Evaluation+of+Possible+Burial+Sites+on+North+Novaya+Zemlya%2C+Russia&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=329-338&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.14430%2Farctic716&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40512490%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Zeeberg&rft.aufirst=Jaapjan+J.&rft.au=Floore%2C+Pieter+M.&rft.au=Maat%2C+George+J.+R.&rft.au=Gawronski%2C+Jerzy+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.wur.nl%2FWebQuery%2Fwurpubs%2F370951&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovaya+Zemlya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-encarta-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-encarta_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henry Hudson in: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080524071006/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761561666"><i>Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2006</i></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761561666">the original</a> on May 24, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Microsoft+Encarta+Online+Encyclopedia+2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencarta.msn.com%2Fencnet%2Frefpages%2FRefArticle.aspx%3Frefid%3D761561666&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovaya+Zemlya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history3-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history3_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history3_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history3_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://belushka.virtbox.ru/history3.htm">"Новая земля в 1917–1941 гг"</a>. Belushka.virtbox.ru<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F+%D0%B2+1917%E2%80%931941+%D0%B3%D0%B3&rft.pub=Belushka.virtbox.ru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbelushka.virtbox.ru%2Fhistory3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovaya+Zemlya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-barentsfi-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-barentsfi_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.barents.fi/includes/file_download.asp?deptid=13875&fileid=6515&file=20050803151723.pdf&pdf=1">"Health, science and education, history and trade among others – news review from the Arkhangelsk region"</a>. Barents.fi. August 3, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Health%2C+science+and+education%2C+history+and+trade+among+others+%E2%80%93+news+review+from+the+Arkhangelsk+region&rft.pub=Barents.fi&rft.date=2005-08-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.barents.fi%2Fincludes%2Ffile_download.asp%3Fdeptid%3D13875%26fileid%3D6515%26file%3D20050803151723.pdf%26pdf%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovaya+Zemlya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodman200433–83-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodman200433–83_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoodman2004">Woodman 2004</a>, pp. 33–83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodman2004197,_199-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodman2004197,_199_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoodman2004">Woodman 2004</a>, pp. 197, 199.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodman2004201-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodman2004201_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoodman2004">Woodman 2004</a>, p. 201.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodman2004203–204-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodman2004203–204_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoodman2004">Woodman 2004</a>, pp. 203–204.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Warship International</i> No. 3, 1987, p. 318.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-khalturin_2005-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-khalturin_2005_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-khalturin_2005_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-khalturin_2005_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-khalturin_2005_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-khalturin_2005_16-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-khalturin_2005_16-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhalturinRautian,_Tatyana_G.Richards,_Paul_G.Leith,_William_S.2005" class="citation journal cs1">Khalturin, Vitaly I.; Rautian, Tatyana G.; Richards, Paul G.; Leith, William S. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160814043157/http://scienceandglobalsecurity.org/archive/sgs13khalturin.pdf">"A Review of Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya Zemlya, 1955–1990"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Science and Global Security</i>. <b>13</b> (1): 1–42. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005S&GS...13....1K">2005S&GS...13....1K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F08929880590961862">10.1080/08929880590961862</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:122069080">122069080</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scienceandglobalsecurity.org/archive/sgs13khalturin.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on August 14, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+and+Global+Security&rft.atitle=A+Review+of+Nuclear+Testing+by+the+Soviet+Union+at+Novaya+Zemlya%2C+1955%E2%80%931990&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-42&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A122069080%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F08929880590961862&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005S%26GS...13....1K&rft.aulast=Khalturin&rft.aufirst=Vitaly+I.&rft.au=Rautian%2C+Tatyana+G.&rft.au=Richards%2C+Paul+G.&rft.au=Leith%2C+William+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscienceandglobalsecurity.org%2Farchive%2Fsgs13khalturin.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovaya+Zemlya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120618125001/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/kosmos2.htm">"Testing the Kosmos 2 rocket"</a>. Astronautix.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/kosmos2.htm">the original</a> on June 18, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Testing+the+Kosmos+2+rocket&rft.pub=Astronautix.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronautix.com%2Flvs%2Fkosmos2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovaya+Zemlya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lamont_doherty-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lamont_doherty_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lamont_doherty_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lamont_doherty_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPratt2005" class="citation web cs1">Pratt, Sara (November 28, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200916080615/https://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/news/2005/11_28_05.htm">"Frozen in Time: A Cold War Relic Gives up its Secrets"</a>. Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/news/2005/11_28_05.htm">the original</a> on September 16, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frozen+in+Time%3A+A+Cold+War+Relic+Gives+up+its+Secrets&rft.pub=Lamont%E2%80%93Doherty+Earth+Observatory%2C+Columbia+University&rft.date=2005-11-28&rft.aulast=Pratt&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ldeo.columbia.edu%2Fnews%2F2005%2F11_28_05.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovaya+Zemlya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-greenpeace_hist-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-greenpeace_hist_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070502024559/http://www.greenpeace.org/russia/en/features/23845">"The early history of Greenpeace Russia"</a>. Greenpeace Russia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greenpeace.org/russia/en/features/23845">the original</a> on May 2, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+early+history+of+Greenpeace+Russia&rft.pub=Greenpeace+Russia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greenpeace.org%2Frussia%2Fen%2Ffeatures%2F23845&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovaya+Zemlya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jasinsky-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jasinsky_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJasinskiChuen,_CristinaFerguson,_Charles_D.2002" class="citation journal cs1">Jasinski, Michael; Chuen, Cristina; Ferguson, Charles D. (October 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thebulletin.metapress.com/content/h70233211r4q425k/?p=69e8e9ca0a804b44a4b55c2f84b84b57&pi=16">"Russia: Of truth and testing"</a>. <i>Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists</i>. <b>58</b> (5): 60–65. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002BuAtS..58e..60J">2002BuAtS..58e..60J</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00963402.2002.11460608">10.1080/00963402.2002.11460608</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:218769187">218769187</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Atomic+Scientists&rft.atitle=Russia%3A+Of+truth+and+testing&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=60-65&rft.date=2002-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A218769187%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00963402.2002.11460608&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2002BuAtS..58e..60J&rft.aulast=Jasinski&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Chuen%2C+Cristina&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+Charles+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthebulletin.metapress.com%2Fcontent%2Fh70233211r4q425k%2F%3Fp%3D69e8e9ca0a804b44a4b55c2f84b84b57%26pi%3D16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovaya+Zemlya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nti-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nti_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nti.org/db/nisprofs/russia/weafacl/othernuc/novayaze.htm">"Russia: Central Test Site, Novaya Zemlya"</a>. Nuclear Threat Initiative. July 30, 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia%3A+Central+Test+Site%2C+Novaya+Zemlya&rft.pub=Nuclear+Threat+Initiative&rft.date=2003-07-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nti.org%2Fdb%2Fnisprofs%2Frussia%2Fweafacl%2Fothernuc%2Fnovayaze.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovaya+Zemlya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Novaya_Zemlya&params=73.367363_N_54.799984_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">73°22′03″N</span> <span class="longitude">54°48′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">73.367363°N 54.799984°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">73.367363; 54.799984</span></span></span></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NTI_subcritical-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NTI_subcritical_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nti.org/gsn/article/russia-may-resume-subcritical-atomic-testing-sources/">"Russia May Resume Subcritical Atomic Testing: Sources"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Threat_Initiative" title="Nuclear Threat Initiative">Nuclear Threat Initiative</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 22,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia+May+Resume+Subcritical+Atomic+Testing%3A+Sources&rft.pub=Nuclear+Threat+Initiative&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nti.org%2Fgsn%2Farticle%2Frussia-may-resume-subcritical-atomic-testing-sources%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovaya+Zemlya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Severny_interactive_map-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Severny_interactive_map_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://view.ceros.com/miis-edu/nuclear-threat-initiative-novayazemlya/p/1">"The Underground Nuclear Test Site at Novaya Zemlya"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ceros" title="Ceros">Ceros</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 22,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Underground+Nuclear+Test+Site+at+Novaya+Zemlya&rft.pub=Ceros&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fview.ceros.com%2Fmiis-edu%2Fnuclear-threat-initiative-novayazemlya%2Fp%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovaya+Zemlya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEric_CheungBrad_LendonIvan_Watson2023" class="citation news cs1">Eric Cheung; Brad Lendon; Ivan Watson (September 23, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/09/22/asia/nuclear-testing-china-russia-us-exclusive-intl-hnk-ml/index.html">"Exclusive: Satellite images show increased activity at nuclear test sites in Russia, China and US"</a>. CNN.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Exclusive%3A+Satellite+images+show+increased+activity+at+nuclear+test+sites+in+Russia%2C+China+and+US&rft.date=2023-09-23&rft.au=Eric+Cheung&rft.au=Brad+Lendon&rft.au=Ivan+Watson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2023%2F09%2F22%2Fasia%2Fnuclear-testing-china-russia-us-exclusive-intl-hnk-ml%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovaya+Zemlya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-onz-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-onz_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191228082600/http://belushka.ru/site/istoriya-novoj-zemli/osvoenie-novoj-zemli">"Освоение Новой Земли"</a> (<i>tr. "Development of Novaya Zemlya"</i>) <i>belushka.ru</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">LA MARTINIERE, Pierre-Martin de, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rJtpAAAAcAAJ">Le nouveau voyage du nort, dans lequel on voit les moeurs, la manière de vivre, et les superstitions des Norweghiens, des Lapons, des Kiloppes, des Borandiens, des Syberiens, des Moscovites, des Samojèdes, des Zembliens et des Islandois</a> (readable in Google Books)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo2/A48423.0001.001/1:3.40?rgn=div2;view=fulltext">CHAP. XXXIX. The taking of another Zemblane and his Wife, their Habits, Arms, and manner of living</a>, from the English translation of <i>Le nouveau voyage du nort</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Le nouveau voyage du nort, Chapter LIII, p. 273</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webcitation.org/6E6a7mVy2?url=https://arhangelsk.allnw.ru/novayazemlya/nlhistory.html">Новая земля - история заселения</a> arhangelsk.allnw.ru</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history2-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-history2_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://belushka.virtbox.ru/history2.htm">"Новая земля – история заселения"</a> [Novaya Zemlya - history of settlement]. Belushka.virtbox.ru<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F+%E2%80%93+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.pub=Belushka.virtbox.ru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbelushka.virtbox.ru%2Fhistory2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovaya+Zemlya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-ns.iaea.org/downloads/rw/waste-safety/north-test-site-final.pdf">"Microsoft Word - North Test Site _FINAL_.doc"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Microsoft+Word+-+North+Test+Site+_FINAL_.doc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-ns.iaea.org%2Fdownloads%2Frw%2Fwaste-safety%2Fnorth-test-site-final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovaya+Zemlya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-columbia-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-columbia_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-columbia_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-columbia_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Novaya Zemlya in: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Novaya_Zemlya.aspx#1">"The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Columbia+Encyclopedia%2C+6th+ed.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Ftopic%2FNovaya_Zemlya.aspx%231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovaya+Zemlya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nucl-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nucl_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nucl_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npc.sarov.ru/issues/volume1/ussr_nt_volume_1_chapter_2.pdf">Ядерные испытания СССР. Том 1. Глава 2</a> www.npc.sarov.ru <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100414183754/http://npc.sarov.ru/issues/volume1/ussr_nt_volume_1_chapter_2.pdf">Archived</a> April 14, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, p. 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npolar.no/ansipra/english/Indexpages/Ethnic_groups.html">"Nenets"</a> www.npolar.no <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090807054552/http://www.npolar.no/ansipra/english/Indexpages/Ethnic_groups.html">Archived</a> August 7, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Arctic Network for the Support of the Indigenous Peoples of the Russian Arctic</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/nenets.shtml">"The Nenets"</a>, www.eki.ee The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.greenpeace.org/comms/vrml/rw/text/t15.html">"Nuclear Free Seas"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090110233657/http://archive.greenpeace.org/comms/vrml/rw/text/t15.html">Archived</a> January 10, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Greenpeace</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010Census-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2010Census_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussian_Federal_State_Statistics_Service2011" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm"><bdi lang="ru">Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1</bdi></a> [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. <bdi lang="ru">Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census]</bdi> (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Federal_State_Statistics_Service_(Russia)" title="Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)">Federal State Statistics Service</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+2010+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.+%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC+1&rft.pub=Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Russian+Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gks.ru%2Ffree_doc%2Fnew_site%2Fperepis2010%2Fcroc%2Fperepis_itogi1612.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovaya+Zemlya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nasa-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nasa_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061011094505/http://www.visibleearth.nasa.gov/view_rec.php?id=5612">"Novaya Zemlya, Northern Russia"</a>. NASA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view_rec.php?id=5612">the original</a> on October 11, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Novaya+Zemlya%2C+Northern+Russia&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvisibleearth.nasa.gov%2Fview_rec.php%3Fid%3D5612&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovaya+Zemlya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Russian military mapping. The highest point is located at <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Novaya_Zemlya&params=75_10_N_57_50_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">75°10′N</span> <span class="longitude">57°50′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">75.167°N 57.833°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">75.167; 57.833</span></span></span></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AmantovFeldskaar-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AmantovFeldskaar_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeldskaarAmantov2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Feldskaar, Willy; Amantov, Aleksey (August 21, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geoforskning.no/nyheter/grunnforskning/1561-liten-landheving-pa-novaya-zemlya">"Liten landheving på Novaya Zemlya?"</a> [Small land uplift on Novaya Zemlya?]. <i>geoforskning.no</i> (in Norwegian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=geoforskning.no&rft.atitle=Liten+landheving+p%C3%A5+Novaya+Zemlya%3F&rft.date=2017-08-21&rft.aulast=Feldskaar&rft.aufirst=Willy&rft.au=Amantov%2C+Aleksey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geoforskning.no%2Fnyheter%2Fgrunnforskning%2F1561-liten-landheving-pa-novaya-zemlya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovaya+Zemlya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLorenzGeeKoragoKovaleva2013" class="citation journal cs1">Lorenz, Henning; Gee, David G.; Korago, Evgeny; Kovaleva, Galina; McClelland, William C.; Gilotti, Jane A.; Frei, Dirk (December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ter.12064">"Detrital zircon geochronology of Palaeozoic Novaya Zemlya - a key to understanding the basement of the Barents Shelf"</a>. <i>Terra Nova</i>. <b>25</b> (6): 496–503. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013TeNov..25..496L">2013TeNov..25..496L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fter.12064">10.1111/ter.12064</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:128745495">128745495</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Terra+Nova&rft.atitle=Detrital+zircon+geochronology+of+Palaeozoic+Novaya+Zemlya+-+a+key+to+understanding+the+basement+of+the+Barents+Shelf&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=496-503&rft.date=2013-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A128745495%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fter.12064&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013TeNov..25..496L&rft.aulast=Lorenz&rft.aufirst=Henning&rft.au=Gee%2C+David+G.&rft.au=Korago%2C+Evgeny&rft.au=Kovaleva%2C+Galina&rft.au=McClelland%2C+William+C.&rft.au=Gilotti%2C+Jane+A.&rft.au=Frei%2C+Dirk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1111%2Fter.12064&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovaya+Zemlya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C. Michael Hogan (2008) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=36084"><i>Polar Bear: Ursus maritimus</i></a>, Globaltwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081224205716/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=36084">Archived</a> December 24, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pogoda-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pogoda_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/20744.htm">"Weather and Climate-The Climate of Malye Karmakuly"</a> (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Weather+and+Climate-The+Climate+of+Malye+Karmakuly&rft.pub=Weather+and+Climate+%28%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pogodaiklimat.ru%2Fclimate%2F20744.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovaya+Zemlya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOAA-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NOAA_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_II/RA/20744.TXT">"Malye Karmakuly Climate Normals 1961–1990"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Malye+Karmakuly+Climate+Normals+1961%E2%80%931990&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.atdd.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2FGCOS%2FWMO-Normals%2FTABLES%2FREG_II%2FRA%2F20744.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovaya+Zemlya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-A3-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-A3_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbellan_Matamoros2019" class="citation news cs1">Abellan Matamoros, Cristina (February 13, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euronews.com/2019/02/12/watch-polar-bear-in-russian-archipelago-peaks-inside-a-house">"Watch: Polar bear in Russian archipelago peeks inside a house"</a>. euronews.com. Euronews<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Watch%3A+Polar+bear+in+Russian+archipelago+peeks+inside+a+house&rft.date=2019-02-13&rft.aulast=Abellan+Matamoros&rft.aufirst=Cristina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2F2019%2F02%2F12%2Fwatch-polar-bear-in-russian-archipelago-peaks-inside-a-house&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovaya+Zemlya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-A4-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-A4_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStambaugh2019" class="citation news cs1">Stambaugh, Alex (February 12, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2019/02/11/asia/polar-bears-russia-intl/index.html">"Polar bear invasion: Parents scared to send children to school in remote Russian archipelago"</a>. edition.cnn.com. CNN<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 15,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Polar+bear+invasion%3A+Parents+scared+to+send+children+to+school+in+remote+Russian+archipelago&rft.date=2019-02-12&rft.aulast=Stambaugh&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2019%2F02%2F11%2Fasia%2Fpolar-bears-russia-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovaya+Zemlya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPitzer2013" class="citation web cs1">Pitzer, Andrea (March 1, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nabokovsecrethistory.com/news/pale-fire-nabokov-zembla-secret-history/">"The mysteries of Zembla"</a>. <i>The Secret History of Vladimir Nabokov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Secret+History+of+Vladimir+Nabokov&rft.atitle=The+mysteries+of+Zembla&rft.date=2013-03-01&rft.aulast=Pitzer&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnabokovsecrethistory.com%2Fnews%2Fpale-fire-nabokov-zembla-secret-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovaya+Zemlya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novaya_Zemlya&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Архангельское областное Собрание депутатов. Областной закон №65-5-ОЗ от 23 сентября 2009 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Архангельской области», в ред. Областного закона №232-13-ОЗ от 16 декабря 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в отдельные Областные Законы в сфере осуществления местного самоуправления и взаимодействия с некоммерческими организациями». Вступил в силу через десять дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Волна", №43, 6 октября 2009 г.</span></span> (Arkhangelsk Oblast Council of Deputies. Oblast Law #65-5-OZ of September 23, 2009 <i>On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Arkhangelsk Oblast</i>, as amended by the Oblast Law #232-13-OZ of December 16, 2014 <i>On Amending Various Oblast Laws Dealing with the Process of Municipal Self-Government and Relations with Non-Profit Organizations</i>. Effective as of the day which is ten days after the official publication.).</li> <li><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Архангельское областное Собрание депутатов. Областной закон №258-внеоч.-ОЗ от 23 сентября 2004 г. «О статусе и границах территорий муниципальных образований в Архангельской области», в ред. Областного закона №224-13-ОЗ от 16 декабря 2014 г. «Об упразднении отдельных населённых пунктов Соловецкого района Архангельской области и о внесении изменения в статью 46 Областного закона "О статусе и границах территорий муниципальных образований в Архангельской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Волна", №38, 8 октября 2004 г.</span></span> (Arkhangelsk Oblast Council of Deputies. Oblast Law #258-vneoch.-OZ of September 23, 2004 <i>On the Status and Borders of the Territories of the Municipal Formations in Arkhangelsk Oblast</i>, as amended by the Oblast Law #224-13-OZ of December 16, 2014 <i>On Abolishing Several Inhabited Localities in Solovetsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast and on Amending Article 46 of the Oblast Law "On the Status and Borders of the Territories of the Municipal Formations in Arkhangelsk Oblast"</i>. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoskill1962" class="citation book cs1">Roskill, S. W. (1962) [1956]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/UN/UK/UK-RN-II/index.html"><i>The Period of Balance</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Second_World_War" title="History of the Second World War">History of the Second World War</a>: The War at Sea 1939–1945. Vol. II (3rd impr. ed.). London: <a href="/wiki/HMSO" class="mw-redirect" title="HMSO">HMSO</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/174453986">174453986</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Period+of+Balance&rft.place=London&rft.series=History+of+the+Second+World+War%3A+The+War+at+Sea+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.edition=3rd+impr.&rft.pub=HMSO&rft.date=1962&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F174453986&rft.aulast=Roskill&rft.aufirst=S.+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fhyperwar%2FUN%2FUK%2FUK-RN-II%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovaya+Zemlya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodman2004" class="citation book cs1">Woodman, Richard (2004) [1994]. <i>Arctic Convoys 1941–1945</i>. London: John Murray. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7195-5752-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7195-5752-1"><bdi>978-0-7195-5752-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arctic+Convoys+1941%E2%80%931945&rft.place=London&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7195-5752-1&rft.aulast=Woodman&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovaya+Zemlya" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novaya_Zemlya&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSerebryanny1997" class="citation journal cs1">Serebryanny, Leonid (June 1997). "The Colonization and Peoples of Novaya Zemlya then and now". <i><a href="/wiki/Nationalities_Papers" title="Nationalities Papers">Nationalities Papers</a></i>. <b>25</b> (2): 301–309. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00905999708408505">10.1080/00905999708408505</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129588062">129588062</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nationalities+Papers&rft.atitle=The+Colonization+and+Peoples+of+Novaya+Zemlya+then+and+now&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=301-309&rft.date=1997-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00905999708408505&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A129588062%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Serebryanny&rft.aufirst=Leonid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovaya+Zemlya" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novaya_Zemlya&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Novaya_Zemlya" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Novaya Zemlya">Novaya Zemlya</a></span>.</div></div> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Novaya_Zemlya#Q80413" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Novaya Zemlya">Novaya Zemlya</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New Student's Reference Work/Nova Zembla"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Nova_Zembla">"Nova Zembla" </a></span>. <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New Student's Reference Work"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work"><i>The New Student's Reference Work</i> </a></span>. 1914.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nova+Zembla&rft.btitle=The+New+Student%27s+Reference+Work&rft.date=1914&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovaya+Zemlya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120426082707/http://www.novayazemlya.net/">Novaya Zemlya information portal</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xs4all.nl/~jzeebe1/novaya_zemlya1.html">Environment, climate change, and history of exploration (Barents' wintering)</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rozenbergps.com/index.php?frame=boek.php&item=295">Rozenberg Publishers – Climate and glacial history of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago, Russian Arctic</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040719022950/http://www.rozenbergps.com/index.php?frame=boek.php&item=295">Archived</a> July 19, 2004, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-ns.iaea.org/downloads/rw/waste-safety/north-test-site-final.pdf">Nuclear tests in Novaya Zemlya</a>, International Atomic Energy Agency Department of Nuclear Safety and Security.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nbC7BxXtOlo">Испытание чистой водородной бомбы мощностью 50 млн тонн</a>, declassified <a href="/wiki/Rosatom" title="Rosatom">Rosatom</a> historical video of the RDS-220, or <a href="/wiki/Tsar_Bomba" title="Tsar Bomba">Tsar Bomba</a>, 50 megatonne hydrogen bomb test on 30 October 1961. at 8:55–9:30. 20 August 2020.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Islands_of_the_Barents_Sea" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Barents_Sea_Islands" title="Template:Barents Sea Islands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Barents_Sea_Islands" title="Template talk:Barents Sea Islands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Barents_Sea_Islands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Barents Sea Islands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Islands_of_the_Barents_Sea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Barents_Sea" title="Barents Sea">Islands of the Barents Sea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barents_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Barents Island">Barentsøya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_Island_(Norway)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bear Island (Norway)">Bear Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolgy_Island" title="Dolgy Island">Dolgy Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edge%C3%B8ya" title="Edgeøya">Edgeøya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopen_(Svalbard)" title="Hopen (Svalbard)">Hopen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kildin_Island" title="Kildin Island">Kildin Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolguyev" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolguyev">Kolguyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongs%C3%B8ya" title="Kongsøya">Kongsøya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvit%C3%B8ya" title="Kvitøya">Kvitøya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lille_Ekker%C3%B8y,_Vads%C3%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Lille Ekkerøy, Vadsø">Lille Ekkerøy, Vadsø</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mager%C3%B8ya" title="Magerøya">Magerøya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezhdusharsky_Island" title="Mezhdusharsky Island">Mezhdusharsky Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morzhovets_Island" title="Morzhovets Island">Morzhovets Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordaustlandet" title="Nordaustlandet">Nordaustlandet</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Novaya Zemlya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severny_Island" title="Severny Island">Severny Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skoger%C3%B8ya" title="Skogerøya">Skogerøya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitsbergen" title="Spitsbergen">Spitsbergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_Kam%C3%B8ya,_Nordkapp" title="Store Kamøya, Nordkapp">Store Kamøya, Nordkapp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svensk%C3%B8ya" title="Svenskøya">Svenskøya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vads%C3%B8ya" title="Vadsøya">Vadsøya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vard%C3%B8ya" title="Vardøya">Vardøya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaygach_Island" title="Vaygach Island">Vaygach Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Island" title="Wilhelm Island">Wilhelm Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzhny_Island" title="Yuzhny Island">Yuzhny Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Russia&#124;link=Russia_Islands_of_the_Kara_Sea_(Russian_Arctic)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kara_Sea_Islands" title="Template:Kara Sea Islands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kara_Sea_Islands" title="Template talk:Kara Sea Islands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kara_Sea_Islands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kara Sea Islands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Russia&#124;link=Russia_Islands_of_the_Kara_Sea_(Russian_Arctic)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kara_Sea" title="Kara Sea">Islands of the Kara Sea (Russian Arctic)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkticheskiy_Institut_Islands" title="Arkticheskiy Institut Islands">Arkticheskiy Institut Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middendorff_Bay" title="Middendorff Bay">Belukha and Prodolgovaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bely_Island" title="Bely Island">Bely Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taymyr_Gulf" title="Taymyr Gulf">Bera Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yenisei_Gulf" class="mw-redirect" title="Yenisei Gulf">Bolshoi Korsakovsky Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taymyr_Island" title="Taymyr Island">Bonevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordenski%C3%B6ld_Archipelago#Vilkitsky_Islands" title="Nordenskiöld Archipelago">Dzhekman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dikson_Island" title="Dikson Island">Dikson Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordenski%C3%B6ld_Archipelago#Vostyochnyye_Islands" title="Nordenskiöld Archipelago">Eastern Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firnley_Islands" title="Firnley Islands">Firnley Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middendorff_Bay" title="Middendorff Bay">Gavrilova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Bell_Island" title="Graham Bell Island">Graham Bell Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heiberg_Islands" title="Heiberg Islands">Heiberg Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heiberg_Islands" title="Heiberg Islands">Helland-Hansen Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izvestiy_TSIK_Islands" title="Izvestiy TSIK Islands">Izvestiy TSIK Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamennye_Islands" title="Kamennye Islands">Kamennye Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirov_Islands" title="Kirov Islands">Kirov Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolchak_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolchak Island">Kolchak Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolomeytsev_Islands" title="Kolomeytsev Islands">Kolomeytsev Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolosovykh_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolosovykh Islands">Kolosovykh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komsomolets_Island" title="Komsomolets Island">Komsomolets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severnaya_Zemlya" title="Severnaya Zemlya">Krasnoflotskiye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yenisei_Gulf" class="mw-redirect" title="Yenisei Gulf">Krestovsky Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middendorff_Bay" title="Middendorff Bay">Krusenstern Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labyrintovye_Islands" title="Labyrintovye Islands">Labyrintovye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ledyanyye_Islands" title="Ledyanyye Islands">Ledyanyye Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firnley_Islands" title="Firnley Islands">Levinson-Lessing Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firnley_Islands" title="Firnley Islands">Lishny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordenski%C3%B6ld_Archipelago#Litke_Islands" title="Nordenskiöld Archipelago">Litke Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markgama_Island" title="Markgama Island">Markgama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minina_Skerries" title="Minina Skerries">Minina Skerries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mona_Islands" title="Mona Islands">Mona Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firnley_Islands" title="Firnley Islands">Moristy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middendorff_Bay" title="Middendorff Bay">Myachina Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taymyr_Island" title="Taymyr Island">Nablyudeniy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nansen_Island_(Kara_Sea)" title="Nansen Island (Kara Sea)">Nansen Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilkitsky_Island_(Kara_Sea)" title="Vilkitsky Island (Kara Sea)">Neupokoyeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordenski%C3%B6ld_Archipelago" title="Nordenskiöld Archipelago">Nordenskiöld Archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibiryakov_Island" title="Sibiryakov Island">Nosok</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Novaya Zemlya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_Revolution_Island" title="October Revolution Island">October Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleniy_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Oleniy Island">Oleniy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordenski%C3%B6ld_Archipelago#Pakhtusov_Islands" title="Nordenskiöld Archipelago">Pakhtusov Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taymyr_Island" title="Taymyr Island">Pilota Makhotkina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Island_(Russia)" title="Pioneer Island (Russia)">Pioneer Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plavnikovye_Islands" title="Plavnikovye Islands">Plavnikovye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleniy_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Oleniy Island">Proklyatye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastorguyev_Island" title="Rastorguyev Island">Rastorguyev Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russky_Island_(Kara_Sea)" title="Russky Island (Kara Sea)"> Russky Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schmidt_Island" title="Schmidt Island">Schmidt Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Hansen_Islands" title="Scott Hansen Islands">Scott Hansen Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severnaya_Zemlya" title="Severnaya Zemlya">Sedov Archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severnaya_Zemlya" title="Severnaya Zemlya">Severnaya Zemlya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severny_Island" title="Severny Island">Severny Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shokalsky_Island" title="Shokalsky Island">Shokalsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middendorff_Bay" title="Middendorff Bay">Shren Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibiryakov_Island" title="Sibiryakov Island">Sibiryakov Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorevnovaniya_Island" title="Sorevnovaniya Island">Sorevnovaniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middendorff_Bay" title="Middendorff Bay">Storozhevye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sverdrup_Island_(Kara_Sea)" title="Sverdrup Island (Kara Sea)">Sverdrup Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taymyr_Island" title="Taymyr Island">Taymyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tillo_Islands" title="Tillo Islands">Tillo Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordenski%C3%B6ld_Archipelago#Tsivolko_Islands" title="Nordenskiöld Archipelago">Tsivolko Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushakov_Island" title="Ushakov Island">Ushakov Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyedineniya_Island" title="Uyedineniya Island">Uyedineniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaygach_Island" title="Vaygach Island">Vaygach Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilkitsky_Island_(Kara_Sea)" title="Vilkitsky Island (Kara Sea)">Vilkitsky Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordenski%C3%B6ld_Archipelago#Vilkitsky_Islands" title="Nordenskiöld Archipelago">Vilkitsky Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vize_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Vize Island">Vize Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voronina_Island" title="Voronina Island">Voronina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middendorff_Bay" title="Middendorff Bay">Yarzhinsky Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordenski%C3%B6ld_Archipelago" title="Nordenskiöld Archipelago">Yermolov Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzhny_Island" title="Yuzhny Island">Yuzhny Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zveroboy_Islands" title="Zveroboy Islands">Zveroboy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80413#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80413#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80413#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/315126910">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/3947148574351824430000">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJghqXvJkGWF8hyjHGyyBP">WorldCat</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjvBg9B84P36m8rcprKJ9P">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4117941-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85092855">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12516438r">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12516438r">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Nová země (Rusko : souostroví)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge1007929&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/vs68741d3n4ffdc">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007536203605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novaya_Zemlya&oldid=1252288776">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novaya_Zemlya&oldid=1252288776</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Novaya_Zemlya" title="Category:Novaya Zemlya">Novaya Zemlya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archipelagoes_of_the_Arctic_Ocean" title="Category:Archipelagoes of the Arctic Ocean">Archipelagoes of the Arctic Ocean</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archipelagoes_of_the_Kara_Sea" title="Category:Archipelagoes of the Kara Sea">Archipelagoes of the Kara Sea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islands_of_the_Barents_Sea" title="Category:Islands of the Barents Sea">Islands of the Barents Sea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archipelagoes_of_Arkhangelsk_Oblast" title="Category:Archipelagoes of Arkhangelsk Oblast">Archipelagoes of Arkhangelsk Oblast</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Russian_nuclear_test_sites" title="Category:Russian nuclear test sites">Russian nuclear test sites</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_uses_Russian-language_script_(ru)" title="Category:CS1 uses Russian-language script (ru)">CS1 uses Russian-language script (ru)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Russian-language_sources_(ru)" title="Category:CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)">CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Norwegian-language_sources_(no)" title="Category:CS1 Norwegian-language sources (no)">CS1 Norwegian-language sources (no)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_June_2019" title="Category:Use mdy dates from June 2019">Use mdy dates from June 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Russian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Russian-language text">Articles containing Russian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_infobox_islands_with_additional_info" title="Category:Articles using infobox islands with additional info">Articles using infobox islands with additional info</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Russian_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Russian IPA">Pages with Russian IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2018" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2018">Articles with unsourced statements from December 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_citation_to_the_NSRW" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating citation to the NSRW">Wikipedia articles incorporating citation to the NSRW</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_citation_to_the_NSRW_with_an_wstitle_parameter" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating citation to the NSRW with an wstitle parameter">Wikipedia articles incorporating citation to the NSRW with an wstitle parameter</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 20 October 2024, at 17:52<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novaya_Zemlya&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-jfl4j","wgBackendResponseTime":165,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.409","walltime":"1.883","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8904,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":205543,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":23935,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":15,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":11,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":180260,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1712.115 1 -total"," 32.60% 558.230 2 Template:Infobox"," 32.31% 553.193 1 Template:Infobox_islands"," 20.66% 353.808 1 Template:Reflist"," 11.25% 192.549 12 Template:If_empty"," 7.60% 130.121 1 Template:Native_name"," 7.14% 122.225 5 Template:Cite_book"," 5.65% 96.665 1 Template:Cite_LPD"," 5.61% 96.094 2 Template:Navbox"," 5.07% 86.815 17 Template:Cite_web"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.845","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":20748595,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAbellan_Matamoros2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChisholm1911\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEric_CheungBrad_LendonIvan_Watson2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFeldskaarAmantov2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJasinskiChuen,_CristinaFerguson,_Charles_D.2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhalturinRautian,_Tatyana_G.Richards,_Paul_G.Leith,_William_S.2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLorenzGeeKoragoKovaleva2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPitzer2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPratt2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoskill1962\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSerebryanny1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStambaugh2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhitfield1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoodman2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZeebergFlooreMaatGawronski2002\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Barents Sea Islands\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite EB1911\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite LPD\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite NSRW\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite RDPCE\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 16,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 9,\n [\"Coord\"] = 11,\n [\"For\"] = 1,\n [\"Historical populations\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 3,\n [\"Infobox Military Test Site\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox islands\"] = 1,\n [\"Kara Sea Islands\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 1,\n [\"Lit\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"Native name\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Ru-pop-ref\"] = 1,\n [\"RussiaAdmMunRef\"] = 2,\n [\"See also\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 4,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Transl\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Weather box\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 5,\n [\"Wikivoyage\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.canary-84779d6bf6-hj2hv","timestamp":"20241124053918","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Novaya Zemlya","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novaya_Zemlya","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q80413","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q80413","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-09-20T07:45:14Z","dateModified":"2024-10-20T17:52:19Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/83\/Novaya_Zemlya.svg","headline":"Arctic archipelago in northern Russia"}</script> </body> </html>