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8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/alloy-nuclear-fusion-reactor-protection-japan" title="Japan’s superalloys withstand 1112°F test to protect nuclear fusion reactors "><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">2</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/military" title="Military"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Military</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a 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style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 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9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/chinas-new-jet-afterburner-99-efficiency" title="China's 99% efficient afterburner tech could make it 'unrivaled in air combat' "><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 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body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 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body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 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9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/f-35c-fighter-makes-combat-debut" title="F-35C stealth fighter makes combat debut with US Marine Corps air strikes"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">5</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/inventor-creates-transformer-drone-tank" title="Flying tank? Inventor creates real-life Transformers robot with drone tech">Flying tank? 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Inventor creates real-life Transformers robot with drone tech"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">6</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-new-stealth-coating-blinds-radars" title="Paper-thin power: China claims its new stealth coating blinds anti-stealth radars">Paper-thin power: China claims its new stealth coating blinds anti-stealth radars</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/christopher-mcfadden" title="Christopher McFadden" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Christopher McFadden</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-new-stealth-coating-blinds-radars" title="Paper-thin power: China claims its new stealth coating blinds anti-stealth radars"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">7</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/science" title="Science"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Science</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals" title="Neural guards: Markers of sexual rejection discovered in female mammals">Neural guards: Markers of sexual rejection discovered in female mammals</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/srishti-gupta" title="Srishti Gupta" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Srishti Gupta</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 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0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/sexual-rejection-neuron-female-mammals" title="Neural guards: Markers of sexual rejection discovered in female mammals"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">8</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/transportation" title="Transportation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Transportation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/us-supersonic-jet-soars-to-record-25040-feet" title="US supersonic jet soars to record 25,040 feet, fuels speedy travel dreams">US supersonic jet soars to record 25,040 feet, fuels speedy travel dreams</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/sujita-sinha" title="Sujita Sinha" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Sujita Sinha</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 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1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/us-supersonic-jet-soars-to-record-25040-feet" title="US supersonic jet soars to record 25,040 feet, fuels speedy travel dreams"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">9</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/military" title="Military"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Military</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-ak-47-variant-tailored-for-drones" title="China develops recoil-free AK-47 for drones to advance unmanned warfare">China develops recoil-free AK-47 for drones to advance unmanned warfare</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/bojan-stojkovski" title="Bojan Stojkovski" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Bojan Stojkovski</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">3 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-ak-47-variant-tailored-for-drones" title="China develops recoil-free AK-47 for drones to advance unmanned warfare"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">10</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/culture" title="Culture"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Culture</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🚀</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/christian-basilica-in-aquileia-found" title="1,500-year-old Christian basilica built under Roman Emperor Justinian discovered">1,500-year-old Christian basilica built under Roman Emperor Justinian discovered</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/gairika-mitra" title="Gairika Mitra" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Gairika Mitra</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">3 days ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/culture/christian-basilica-in-aquileia-found" title="1,500-year-old Christian basilica built under Roman Emperor Justinian discovered"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">1</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-robot-dog-jumps-to-explore-asteroid-surfaces" title="China’s cat-like robot dog perfects mid-air jumps to conquer asteroid surfaces">China’s cat-like robot dog perfects mid-air jumps to conquer asteroid surfaces</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil" title="Jijo Malayil" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Jijo Malayil</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">43 minutes ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-robot-dog-jumps-to-explore-asteroid-surfaces" title="China’s cat-like robot dog perfects mid-air jumps to conquer asteroid surfaces"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">2</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/energy" title="Energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Energy</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/floating-offshore-platform-40-hours-assembly" title="Bill Gates-backed firm builds floating wind base model in 40 hours, 10x faster">Bill Gates-backed firm builds floating wind base model in 40 hours, 10x faster</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/ameya-paleja" title="Ameya Paleja" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Ameya Paleja</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">an hour ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/floating-offshore-platform-40-hours-assembly" title="Bill Gates-backed firm builds floating wind base model in 40 hours, 10x faster"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">3</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/efficient-water-harvesting-from-air" title="New air-to-water converter works at low temperatures with reduced emissions">New air-to-water converter works at low temperatures with reduced emissions</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/sujita-sinha" title="Sujita Sinha" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Sujita Sinha</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">2 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 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1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/efficient-water-harvesting-from-air" title="New air-to-water converter works at low temperatures with reduced emissions"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">4</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/energy" title="Energy"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Energy</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/lithium-sulfur-batteries-faster-charging-australia" title="Bombshell battery boosts EV range by 620 miles, doubles energy density for aircraft">Bombshell battery boosts EV range by 620 miles, doubles 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2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/energy/lithium-sulfur-batteries-faster-charging-australia" title="Bombshell battery boosts EV range by 620 miles, doubles energy density for aircraft"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">5</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/military" title="Military"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Military</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/uk-bae-systems-herne-xlauv-demo" title="UK’s new submarine drone with 3,100-mile range boasts epic spy, strike power">UK’s new submarine drone with 3,100-mile range boasts epic spy, strike power</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/abhishek-bhardwaj" title="Abhishek Bhardwaj" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Abhishek Bhardwaj</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">3 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 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3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/uk-bae-systems-herne-xlauv-demo" title="UK’s new submarine drone with 3,100-mile range boasts epic spy, strike power"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">6</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/science" title="Science"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Science</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil" title="205-million-year-old fossil rewrites the history of modern lizard lineage">205-million-year-old fossil rewrites the history of modern lizard lineage</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit" title="Mrigakshi Dixit" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Mrigakshi Dixit</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">3 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 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7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/worlds-oldest-modernlizard-fossil" title="205-million-year-old fossil rewrites the history of modern lizard lineage"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">7</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-syllabus-boosts-robot-efficiency" title="US creates ‘syllabus’ for robots to swap skills at will without human need">US creates ‘syllabus’ for robots to swap skills at will without human need</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil" title="Jijo Malayil" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Jijo Malayil</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">3 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 12.6379C0.62689 12.6382 0.367606 12.5136 0.196617 12.2993C0.0480218 12.1132 0.0209007 11.9003 0.0106575 11.7876C-5.22161e-05 11.6697 -2.44403e-05 11.5258 2.73938e-06 11.3846L5.48119e-06 11.3634V3.84206L5.24277e-06 3.81728C-2.44623e-06 3.3343 -8.76432e-06 2.93568 0.0265217 2.61097C0.0540768 2.27371 0.113215 1.96369 0.26159 1.67248C0.491686 1.22089 0.858839 0.853741 1.31043 0.623645C1.60163 0.475271 1.91165 0.416132 2.24891 0.388577C2.57363 0.362047 2.97224 0.362053 3.45523 0.362061ZM2.34663 1.58459C2.08358 1.60608 1.94906 1.64504 1.85522 1.69285C1.62942 1.8079 1.44585 1.99148 1.3308 2.21727C1.28298 2.31111 1.24403 2.44563 1.22254 2.70868C1.20047 2.97874 1.20001 3.32811 1.20001 3.84206V11.1137L2.43632 10.1246C2.44996 10.1137 2.46341 10.103 2.4767 10.0923C2.72994 9.88955 2.92138 9.73627 3.13953 9.62482C3.3321 9.52644 3.53708 9.45454 3.74891 9.41106C3.98887 9.36182 4.23411 9.36192 4.55852 9.36205C4.57555 9.36205 4.59279 9.36206 4.61026 9.36206H8.52001C9.03395 9.36206 9.38333 9.36159 9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-syllabus-boosts-robot-efficiency" title="US creates ‘syllabus’ for robots to swap skills at will without human need"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">8</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/military" title="Military"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Military</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/germany-plans-bunker-revival" title="Buildings into bomb shelters: Germany eyes WWII-like bunker revival amid Russia threat">Buildings into bomb shelters: Germany eyes WWII-like bunker revival amid Russia threat</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/sujita-sinha" title="Sujita Sinha" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Sujita Sinha</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">4 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path 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8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/military/germany-plans-bunker-revival" title="Buildings into bomb shelters: Germany eyes WWII-like bunker revival amid Russia threat"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">9</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/science" title="Science"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Science</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy" title="Pollutants into power: Breakthrough US tech turns CO2 into clean energy source">Pollutants into power: Breakthrough US tech turns CO2 into clean energy source</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit" title="Mrigakshi Dixit" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Mrigakshi Dixit</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">5 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 t-text-text-solid-secondary body-xsmall-medium " style="color:var(--text-primary)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" viewBox="0 0 12 13" fill="none"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.45523 0.362061L3.48001 0.362061H8.52001L8.54479 0.362061C9.02777 0.362053 9.42638 0.362047 9.7511 0.388577C10.0884 0.416132 10.3984 0.475271 10.6896 0.623645C11.1412 0.853741 11.5083 1.22089 11.7384 1.67248C11.8868 1.96369 11.9459 2.27371 11.9735 2.61097C12 2.93569 12 3.33431 12 3.8173V3.84206V7.08206V7.10683C12 7.58982 12 7.98844 11.9735 8.31316C11.9459 8.65042 11.8868 8.96044 11.7384 9.25164C11.5083 9.70323 11.1412 10.0704 10.6896 10.3005C10.3984 10.4489 10.0884 10.508 9.7511 10.5355C9.42638 10.5621 9.02776 10.5621 8.54477 10.5621H8.52001H4.61026C4.21179 10.5621 4.09575 10.5649 3.99016 10.5866C3.88424 10.6083 3.78175 10.6443 3.68547 10.6934C3.58948 10.7425 3.4971 10.8128 3.18595 11.0617L1.75468 12.2067L1.73805 12.22C1.62785 12.3082 1.51552 12.3981 1.41677 12.4634C1.32231 12.5258 1.13917 12.6376 0.900977 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9.65338 9.33953C9.91643 9.31804 10.051 9.27908 10.1448 9.23127C10.3706 9.11622 10.5542 8.93264 10.6692 8.70685C10.717 8.61301 10.756 8.47849 10.7775 8.21544C10.7995 7.94538 10.8 7.59601 10.8 7.08206V3.84206C10.8 3.32811 10.7995 2.97874 10.7775 2.70868C10.756 2.44563 10.717 2.31111 10.6692 2.21727C10.5542 1.99148 10.3706 1.8079 10.1448 1.69285C10.051 1.64504 9.91643 1.60608 9.65338 1.58459C9.38333 1.56253 9.03395 1.56206 8.52001 1.56206H3.48001C2.96606 1.56206 2.61668 1.56253 2.34663 1.58459Z" fill="var(--text-secondary)"></path></svg> 0</div></div></div></div><div><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/breakthrough-us-tech-turns-co2-into-clean-energy" title="Pollutants into power: Breakthrough US tech turns CO2 into clean energy source"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="t-cursor-pointer"><polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6"></polyline></svg></a></div></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-my-2"></div><div class="t-flex t-px-6 t-items-center t-gap-3"><div class="t-text-text-invert t-text-[12px] t-bg-brand-primary t-h-5 t-w-5 t-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-font-bold trendingArticles_popular_articles__count__POOfa">10</div><div class="t-flex t-flex-col t-gap-2 t-max-w-[263px]"><div class="t-flex t-gap-2 t-items-center"><div class="t-flex"><a href="/innovation" title="Innovation"><div class="t-inline-flex t-items-center t-rounded-[2px] t-border t-border-button-secondary-light t-cursor-pointer dark:t-border-button-secondary-dark t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80">Innovation</div></a></div><div class="t-w-[19px] t-h-[16px] t-items-center t-hidden md:t-flex">🌟</div></div><h4><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/f-35-vs-j-35a-fighter-jet-comparison" title="F-35 vs. J-35A: Breaking down the features and specs of top fifth-generation jets">F-35 vs. J-35A: Breaking down the features and specs of top fifth-generation jets</a></h4><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-flex-row t-h-[15px]"><div class="t-flex t-flex-wrap t-items-center"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/kaif-shaikh-2" title="Kaif Shaikh" class="t-text-text-secondary t-font-bold body-x-small-bold ">Kaif Shaikh</a><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 !t-h-[15px]"></div><p class="t-capitalize body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-secondary">14 hours ago</p><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] t-mx-1 md:t-mx-2 !t-h-[15px]"></div><div class="t-flex t-gap-1 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t-px-4 t-py-2 t-text-[13px] t-transition-colors focus:t-outline-none focus:t-ring-2 focus:t-ring-ring focus:t-ring-offset-2 t-border-transparent dark:t-border-none !t-bg-[var(--tag-item-background)] t-text-text-primary overline-xsmall t-px-2 t-py-1 hover:t-bg-primary/80 t-capitalize t-px-2 t-py-1">Innovation</div></a></li></ul><h1 class="content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading">Flying tank? Inventor creates real-life Transformers robot with drone tech</h1><h4 class="article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA"><p>The vehicle’s six brushless motors, two servos, and two linear actuators are controlled by a custom PCB running Dreamflight software.</p> </h4><time class="t-mt-4 t-text-sm t-text-gray-500"><b>Updated:</b> Nov 25, 2024 02:55 PM EST</time></div></div><section class="t-flex t-justify-center max-md:t-flex-col t-mt-6 max-md:t-mt-0 md:t-mt-[0]"><div class="t-w-full md:t-w-[60%] t-pl-[8.50%]"><div class="t-max-w-full t-w-main-layout t-flex t-flex-col t-justify-center t-self-center t-tab-px-0 md:t-px-0 socialShare_relative__B0YIR"><div class="article-heading"><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full t-mb-1"></div><div class="t-flex t-justify-left t-justify-between headingSection_author_info__s8Xap"><div class="author-info t-flex t-justify-left t-gap-2 headingSection_article_info_left__Wirfv"><div class="headingSection_author_info__avatar__LEJVf"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil"><img src="https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/SMgGAAR337pt.png" alt="Jijo Malayil" class="t-w-full md:t-w-[50px] headingSection_author_info__image___0MRY"/></a></div><div><p class="h4-style-desktop t-font-bold braintree-heading headingSection_text_no_wrap__9jTRs"><a href="https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil">Jijo Malayil</a></p><ul class="author-social-links Author_socialLinks__pJtg4"></ul></div></div><div class="headingSection_article_info__FQ2mg article-info t-flex t-justify-left t-items-center t-bg-color-500 undefined"><div class="headingSection_article_info__date__GgRIP article-info__date body-xsmall-medium color-gray-500">2 days ago</div><div data-orientation="vertical" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-full t-w-[1px] md:t-my-[16px] md:t-mx-[16px] t-mx-[0px] 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Inventor creates real-life Transformers robot with drone tech" loading="lazy" width="584" height="421" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="articleThumbnail_article_thumbnail__image__HYfDF" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2FIE-photo-ratio-19201080-23.jpg&w=640&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2FIE-photo-ratio-19201080-23.jpg&w=1200&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcms.interestingengineering.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2FIE-photo-ratio-19201080-23.jpg&w=1200&q=75"/><div class="t-flex t-justify-between article-thumbnail--info t-mt-2"><p class="article-thumbnail--description body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-third">The robot can fly like a drone and drive on roads. </p><p class="article-thumbnail--reference body-xsmall-medium t-text-text-third"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1GSzysrYtw">Michael Rechtin/YouTube</a></p></div></div><div class="t-max-w-full t-w-main-layout t-flex t-flex-col t-justify-center t-self-center t-tab-px-0 t-px-0 md:t-px-0 socialShare_relative__B0YIR"><div class="body-content true articleBody_firstLetter__fWMYV body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>A hobbyist has created a vehicle that morphs between tank and quadcopter modes at the press of a button.</p> <p>Michael Rechtin’s vehicle transitions from driving to flying via a four-bar linkage system. A retracting linear actuator rotates the wheels and prop guards to a vertical position for flight.</p> <p>The main structure is reinforced with carbon fiber plates, while critical load-bearing parts are made from lightweight carbon fiber nylon for strength and heat resistance.</p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>“It took hundreds of 3D-printed parts, countless design tweaks, broken hardware, faulty software, and some questionable choices—but in the end, I built something that actually works,” said Rechtin, in a <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1GSzysrYtw&embeds_referring_euri=https%3A%2F%2Fhackaday.com%2F&source_ve_path=MjM4NTE" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">video</a> posted on YouTube.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-dual-mode-innovation">Dual-mode innovation</h2> <p>The inspiration for this project came from a desire to combine two earlier creations: an RC car and a quadcopter. A quick online search by Rechtin revealed that only a few universities had attempted similar designs, making this a unique challenge that required original thinking.</p> <p>The project began with computer-aided design (CAD) software called Onshape. This program allowed the designer to sketch ideas, test linkage systems, and ensure the transformation mechanism would work. </p> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <iframe loading="lazy" title="I Built A Real Life Transformer" width="500" height="281" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/f1GSzysrYtw?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div></figure> <p>According to Rechtin, the most challenging aspect of the design was developing a linkage system that could switch the vehicle between driving and <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/drone-with-nervous-system-tested" target="_blank" rel="dofollow">flying</a> modes.</p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>In driving mode, the linkage system keeps the wheels and tracks perpendicular to the ground. Activating a servo lowers the vehicle’s body, while linear actuators pivot the rotors to align with the ground for flight mode. Creating a 2D model early in the design process helped refine this complex mechanism. </p> <p>Rechtin highlights that after hours of work and coffee-fueled creativity, the design evolved into a functional 3D model ready for construction.</p> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1920" height="1080" src="https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-1.png?w=1920" alt="The robot can fly like a drone and drive on roads." class="wp-image-122912" srcset="https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-1.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-1.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-1.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-1.png?resize=1536,864 1536w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /></figure> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-material-optimization">Material optimization</h2> <p>The vehicle is primarily built using <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/multi-material-3d-printing-mxene" target="_blank" rel="dofollow">3D-printed</a> components, with over 100 parts manufactured on Bamboo Labs’ X1 Carbon and P1S printers. These printers were praised for their speed, reliability, and ability to produce high-quality prints. </p> <p>Some parts were made from carbon fiber nylon, a lightweight and robust material with a sleek surface finish, for strength and durability. For less critical components, matte PLA filament was used. </p></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>According to Rechtin, the choice allowed for extra parameters and infill to strengthen the parts, though it increased the vehicle’s weight. Future iterations could switch to lighter materials like carbon fiber nylon to improve performance.</p> <p>To support the structure, the vehicle also incorporates non-3D-printed parts, such as carbon fiber side plates. These plates are essential for the body’s rigidity and aesthetics. <br><br>The plates were cut using a <a href="https://interestingengineering.com/videos/what-cnc-machining-is-and-how-it-works" target="_blank" rel="dofollow">CNC</a> router and feature triangular cutouts to reduce weight without compromising strength. Each 3mm-thick plate is designed to mount 3D-printed components securely.</p> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <iframe loading="lazy" title="How Drones are Redefining Warfare" width="500" height="281" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/uK7VgEKiJ7c?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div></figure> <p>A specialized PCB running Dreamflight software controls the vehicle’s six brushless motors, two servos, and two linear actuators.</p> <p>The transition system operated well during testing, and the tank mode demonstrated exceptional power and mobility. However, because the quad weighed more than 7.2 pounds (3.3 kilograms), early flight testing showed problems with weight and actuator strength.</p></div></div><div class="recommendedArticle_recommended_article__ENN1_"><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full max-md:t-hidden md:t-mb-[16px]"></div><h4 class="recommended-article--title overline-medium-bold color-gray-500">RECOMMENDED ARTICLES</h4><div class="OUTBRAIN" data-widget-id="GS_11"></div><div data-orientation="horizontal" role="none" class="t-shrink-0 t-bg-stroke-primary t-h-[1px] t-w-full max-md:t-hidden md:t-mb-[16px]"></div></div><div class="body-content true body-medium-medium t-text-text-secondary"><div> <p>Redesigning heavy components and refining materials to reduce weight are among the proposed changes, according to Rechtin. <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px">The innovator has made the design open-source and available on </span><a href="https://github.com/MichaelRechtin/Transforming-Quadcopter" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px">GitH</span>ub</a>.</p> </div></div></div><div class="t-max-w-full t-w-main-layout t-flex t-flex-col t-justify-center t-self-center t-tab-px-0 t-px-0 md:t-px-0 socialShare_relative__B0YIR"><div class=""><div class="CommentSection_commentsblock__cerVm" id="commentsBlock"><div class="CommentSection_title__aI0LW t-inline-flex t-justify-center t-items-center t-gap-1 comments-toggle"><span><svg class="CommentSection_commentsblock__icon__8tm_8 svg-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="15px" height="15px" viewBox="0 0 13 12" fill="none"><path d="M1.5 3.90007C1.5 2.98989 1.5 2.5348 1.68166 2.18716C1.84144 1.88137 2.09641 1.63275 2.41002 1.47694C2.76654 1.2998 3.23325 1.2998 4.16667 1.2998H8.83333C9.76675 1.2998 10.2335 1.2998 10.59 1.47694C10.9036 1.63275 11.1586 1.88137 11.3183 2.18716C11.5 2.5348 11.5 2.98989 11.5 3.90007V6.82536C11.5 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A retracting linear actuator rotates the wheels and prop guards to a vertical position for flight.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe main structure is reinforced with carbon fiber plates, while critical load-bearing parts are made from lightweight carbon fiber nylon for strength and heat resistance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;It took hundreds of 3D-printed parts, countless design tweaks, broken hardware, faulty software, and some questionable choices—but in the end, I built something that actually works,\u0026#8221; said Rechtin, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1GSzysrYtw\u0026amp;embeds_referring_euri=https%3A%2F%2Fhackaday.com%2F\u0026amp;source_ve_path=MjM4NTE\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003evideo\u003c/a\u003e posted on YouTube.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-dual-mode-innovation\"\u003eDual-mode innovation\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe inspiration for this project came from a desire to combine two earlier creations: an RC car and a quadcopter. A quick online search by Rechtin revealed that only a few universities had attempted similar designs, making this a unique challenge that required original thinking.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe project began with computer-aided design (CAD) software called Onshape. This program allowed the designer to sketch ideas, test linkage systems, and ensure the transformation mechanism would work. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"I Built A Real Life Transformer\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/f1GSzysrYtw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Rechtin, the most challenging aspect of the design was developing a linkage system that could switch the vehicle between driving and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/drone-with-nervous-system-tested\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eflying\u003c/a\u003e modes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn driving mode, the linkage system keeps the wheels and tracks perpendicular to the ground. Activating a servo lowers the vehicle’s body, while linear actuators pivot the rotors to align with the ground for flight mode. Creating a 2D model early in the design process helped refine this complex mechanism. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRechtin highlights that after hours of work and coffee-fueled creativity, the design evolved into a functional 3D model ready for construction.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-1.png?w=1920\" alt=\"The robot can fly like a drone and drive on roads.\" class=\"wp-image-122912\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-1.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-1.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-1.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-1.png?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-material-optimization\"\u003eMaterial optimization\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe vehicle is primarily built using \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/multi-material-3d-printing-mxene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003e3D-printed\u003c/a\u003e components, with over 100 parts manufactured on Bamboo Labs’ X1 Carbon and P1S printers. These printers were praised for their speed, reliability, and ability to produce high-quality prints. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSome parts were made from carbon fiber nylon, a lightweight and robust material with a sleek surface finish, for strength and durability. For less critical components, matte PLA filament was used. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Rechtin, the choice allowed for extra parameters and infill to strengthen the parts, though it increased the vehicle\u0026#8217;s weight. Future iterations could switch to lighter materials like carbon fiber nylon to improve performance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo support the structure, the vehicle also incorporates non-3D-printed parts, such as carbon fiber side plates. These plates are essential for the body’s rigidity and aesthetics. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe plates were cut using a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/what-cnc-machining-is-and-how-it-works\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eCNC\u003c/a\u003e router and feature triangular cutouts to reduce weight without compromising strength. Each 3mm-thick plate is designed to mount 3D-printed components securely.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Drones are Redefining Warfare\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/uK7VgEKiJ7c?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA specialized PCB running Dreamflight software controls the vehicle\u0026#8217;s six brushless motors, two servos, and two linear actuators.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe transition system operated well during testing, and the tank mode demonstrated exceptional power and mobility. However, because the quad weighed more than 7.2 pounds (3.3 kilograms), early flight testing showed problems with weight and actuator strength.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRedesigning heavy components and refining materials to reduce weight are among the proposed changes, according to Rechtin. \u003cspan style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px\"\u003eThe innovator has made the design open-source and available on\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/MichaelRechtin/Transforming-Quadcopter\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px\"\u003eGitH\u003c/span\u003eub\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1e:T740,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;It took hundreds of 3D-printed parts, countless design tweaks, broken hardware, faulty software, and some questionable choices—but in the end, I built something that actually works,\u0026#8221; said Rechtin, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1GSzysrYtw\u0026amp;embeds_referring_euri=https%3A%2F%2Fhackaday.com%2F\u0026amp;source_ve_path=MjM4NTE\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003evideo\u003c/a\u003e posted on YouTube.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-dual-mode-innovation\"\u003eDual-mode innovation\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe inspiration for this project came from a desire to combine two earlier creations: an RC car and a quadcopter. A quick online search by Rechtin revealed that only a few universities had attempted similar designs, making this a unique challenge that required original thinking.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe project began with computer-aided design (CAD) software called Onshape. This program allowed the designer to sketch ideas, test linkage systems, and ensure the transformation mechanism would work. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"I Built A Real Life Transformer\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/f1GSzysrYtw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Rechtin, the most challenging aspect of the design was developing a linkage system that could switch the vehicle between driving and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/drone-with-nervous-system-tested\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eflying\u003c/a\u003e modes.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1f:T78b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn driving mode, the linkage system keeps the wheels and tracks perpendicular to the ground. Activating a servo lowers the vehicle’s body, while linear actuators pivot the rotors to align with the ground for flight mode. Creating a 2D model early in the design process helped refine this complex mechanism. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRechtin highlights that after hours of work and coffee-fueled creativity, the design evolved into a functional 3D model ready for construction.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-1.png?w=1920\" alt=\"The robot can fly like a drone and drive on roads.\" class=\"wp-image-122912\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-1.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-1.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-1.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-1.png?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-material-optimization\"\u003eMaterial optimization\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe vehicle is primarily built using \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/multi-material-3d-printing-mxene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003e3D-printed\u003c/a\u003e components, with over 100 parts manufactured on Bamboo Labs’ X1 Carbon and P1S printers. These printers were praised for their speed, reliability, and ability to produce high-quality prints. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSome parts were made from carbon fiber nylon, a lightweight and robust material with a sleek surface finish, for strength and durability. For less critical components, matte PLA filament was used. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"20:T6c0,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Rechtin, the choice allowed for extra parameters and infill to strengthen the parts, though it increased the vehicle\u0026#8217;s weight. Future iterations could switch to lighter materials like carbon fiber nylon to improve performance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo support the structure, the vehicle also incorporates non-3D-printed parts, such as carbon fiber side plates. These plates are essential for the body’s rigidity and aesthetics. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe plates were cut using a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/what-cnc-machining-is-and-how-it-works\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eCNC\u003c/a\u003e router and feature triangular cutouts to reduce weight without compromising strength. Each 3mm-thick plate is designed to mount 3D-printed components securely.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Drones are Redefining Warfare\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/uK7VgEKiJ7c?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA specialized PCB running Dreamflight software controls the vehicle\u0026#8217;s six brushless motors, two servos, and two linear actuators.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe transition system operated well during testing, and the tank mode demonstrated exceptional power and mobility. However, because the quad weighed more than 7.2 pounds (3.3 kilograms), early flight testing showed problems with weight and actuator strength.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"21:T1ca1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eResearchers develop rare earth-free electric motors using copper\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Texas A\u0026amp;M researchers have developed a groundbreaking electric motor using copper instead of rare Earth materials.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/high-power-electric-motors-using-copper\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"22:T1152,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eElectric motors power a range of technologies, including ships, airplanes, wind turbines, and electric vehicles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, these motors are typically made with rare Earth materials, which present numerous environmental and economic challenges.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRare earths are limited resources, and their mining processes can cause significant environmental pollution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the global supply of these materials is largely controlled by a few countries, making them expensive to extract and vulnerable to supply chain disruptions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo address these issues, a team at Texas A\u0026amp;M University, led by Dr. Hamid Toliyat, a professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, along with Mehdi Seyedi, a Ph.D. student in electrical engineering, and Dr. Dorsa Talebi, a postdoctoral researcher, is developing a motor that does not rely on rare Earth materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-high-power-electric-motors\"\u003eHigh-power electric motors\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey aim to create a cost-effective, compact, efficient, and sustainable electric motor that eliminates the need for rare earths and reduces dependence on foreign markets.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Talebi notes, “There are many unethical mining processes for extracting rare earth materials, which are also very energy-intensive. While there are global projects aimed at mining rare earths more sustainably, there is inadequate regulation. To meet the demands of growing industries, we need an alternative. Our motor addresses this need by not requiring rare earths.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor their two-year project titled “Advancing Electric Vehicle Propulsion: High Power Rare-Earth-Free Electric Motor Development,” the team aims to replace rare Earth components, such as neodymium magnets, with abundant and environmentally friendly materials like copper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Using copper coils instead of rare Earth materials in the motor’s rotating part is much more accessible,” Talebi stated.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It is also expected to be cheaper since it avoids the cost of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/magnet-free-motors-valeo-mahle-evs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erare\u003c/a\u003e earth materials and permanent magnets needed for vehicle propulsion. By removing rare earths from the supply chain, we reduce our dependency on foreign countries, and copper is more sustainable since it is readily available.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team has conducted simulations to validate their concept and created a prototype to demonstrate the feasibility of their motor.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey are working to ensure that their motor\u0026#8217;s performance matches that of current rare Earth motors used in electric and hybrid vehicles while remaining competitive with other rare earth-free alternatives.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-using-copper\"\u003eUsing copper\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Toliyat explained, “In terms of power-to-weight ratio, our technology is comparable to motors utilizing rare earth materials.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSeyedi added, “Many automotive manufacturers are \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-magnet-free-electric-motor-needs-no-maintenance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ealready\u003c/a\u003e moving away from rare earth materials and developing rare earth-free motors. However, their options are limited and come with significant challenges. We hope our approach will resolve most of these issues, offering a cost-effective and efficient solution.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team received nearly $500,000 from a Type 2 award as part of Texas A\u0026amp;M University’s Advancing Discovery to Market (ADM) Innovation Awards program, which focuses on projects approaching market readiness.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUltimately, the team aims to commercialize its motor and establish its own company, holding issued U.S. patents and pending US patent applications for its innovation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This innovation could significantly impact the automobile industry,” Dr. Talebi remarked, “and it can also be extended to wind turbines, renewable energy solutions, and transportation systems.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Alan Palazzolo, a professor in the J. Mike Walker ’66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, is the project\u0026#8217;s co-principal investigator.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Texas A\u0026amp;M Engineering Experiment Station (TEES), the official research agency for Texas A\u0026amp;M Engineering, manages funding for this research.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"23:T4c7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor their two-year project titled “Advancing Electric Vehicle Propulsion: High Power Rare-Earth-Free Electric Motor Development,” the team aims to replace rare Earth components, such as neodymium magnets, with abundant and environmentally friendly materials like copper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Using copper coils instead of rare Earth materials in the motor’s rotating part is much more accessible,” Talebi stated.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It is also expected to be cheaper since it avoids the cost of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/magnet-free-motors-valeo-mahle-evs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erare\u003c/a\u003e earth materials and permanent magnets needed for vehicle propulsion. By removing rare earths from the supply chain, we reduce our dependency on foreign countries, and copper is more sustainable since it is readily available.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team has conducted simulations to validate their concept and created a prototype to demonstrate the feasibility of their motor.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey are working to ensure that their motor\u0026#8217;s performance matches that of current rare Earth motors used in electric and hybrid vehicles while remaining competitive with other rare earth-free alternatives.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"24:T51b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-using-copper\"\u003eUsing copper\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Toliyat explained, “In terms of power-to-weight ratio, our technology is comparable to motors utilizing rare earth materials.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSeyedi added, “Many automotive manufacturers are \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-magnet-free-electric-motor-needs-no-maintenance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ealready\u003c/a\u003e moving away from rare earth materials and developing rare earth-free motors. However, their options are limited and come with significant challenges. We hope our approach will resolve most of these issues, offering a cost-effective and efficient solution.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team received nearly $500,000 from a Type 2 award as part of Texas A\u0026amp;M University’s Advancing Discovery to Market (ADM) Innovation Awards program, which focuses on projects approaching market readiness.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUltimately, the team aims to commercialize its motor and establish its own company, holding issued U.S. patents and pending US patent applications for its innovation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This innovation could significantly impact the automobile industry,” Dr. Talebi remarked, “and it can also be extended to wind turbines, renewable energy solutions, and transportation systems.”\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"25:T1c77,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - 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Cooper, figure behind a famous 1971 skyjacking.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/db-cooper-identity-revealed-fbi\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T20:46:34+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T20:46:42+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-27T005227.160.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" 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Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"26:Te30,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eThe children of Richard McCoy II, a convicted skyjacker, believe their father might be DB Cooper, the mysterious figure behind a famous 1971 skyjacking.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis case is the only unsolved skyjacking in US history, but new evidence has now emerged.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMonths after the Cooper incident, McCoy committed a similar skyjacking involving a parachute jump.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHis children, Chanté and Richard III (Rick) have long thought the similarities pointed to their father, and now they may have proof.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-decades-old-parachute\"\u003eDecades-old parachute\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eChanté and Rick kept quiet for years because they thought their mother, Karen, might have helped with both crimes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith both parents now deceased, the siblings feel free to share their suspicions. They claim to have found a modified parachute used in the escape.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“That rig is literally one in a billion,” said Gryder, who released a YouTube series discussing the case. His series attracted the FBI\u0026#8217;s interest again.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe FBI reportedly now has the parachute and harness found in a storage shed on family property in North Carolina, along with a skydiving logbook that Chanté believes shows DB Cooper\u0026#8217;s movements in Oregon and Utah.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis is the first real action the FBI has taken on the case since it closed in 2016.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter reviewing the new evidence, the FBI searched the family’s property for four hours with over a dozen agents. The unique changes made to the parachute might be crucial for solving this decades-old mystery.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/fbi-busts-russian-ai-fake-news\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eFBI\u003c/a\u003e knows that the original parachutes were altered by Earl Cossey, a skydiver who worked with them until his murder in 2013.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf the new parachute matches Cossey’s alterations, it could help find out who DB Cooper really was.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-db-cooper\"\u003eDB Cooper\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe mystery of DB Cooper has become legendary, and amateur detectives have discussed many theories in books and documentaries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne book from the 1990s, \u0026#8220;DB Cooper: The Real McCoy,\u0026#8221; even suggested that McCoy was the culprit, but it was pulled from publication after Karen sued for libel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn November 24, 1971, DB Cooper, who called himself Dan, bought a one-way ticket to Portland using cash and got on Northwest Orient Flight 305 without showing ID. He handed a flight attendant a note saying he had a bomb.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCooper opened his briefcase to show what looked like a bomb and demanded $200,000, several parachutes, and a refueling truck in Seattle so he could fly to Mexico City.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOnce Cooper\u0026#8217;s demands were met, the flight, which should have been 30 minutes, became a two-hour loop over Puget Sound while ground crews prepared.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCooper let the 35 passengers and some crew members go and then dictated the flight path and settings to the remaining crew.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter finishing the negotiations, Cooper and the four remaining crew members took off again.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSomewhere over Washington, Cooper opened the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/fbi-to-equip-tactical-drones-with-distraction-devices\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erear\u003c/a\u003e staircase and parachuted out of the plane, but no one knew exactly when or where he jumped.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEfforts to find him yielded nothing, and experts have struggled to pinpoint a search area because of the many unknowns involved in the night jump.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"27:T446,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-decades-old-parachute\"\u003eDecades-old parachute\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eChanté and Rick kept quiet for years because they thought their mother, Karen, might have helped with both crimes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith both parents now deceased, the siblings feel free to share their suspicions. They claim to have found a modified parachute used in the escape.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“That rig is literally one in a billion,” said Gryder, who released a YouTube series discussing the case. His series attracted the FBI\u0026#8217;s interest again.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe FBI reportedly now has the parachute and harness found in a storage shed on family property in North Carolina, along with a skydiving logbook that Chanté believes shows DB Cooper\u0026#8217;s movements in Oregon and Utah.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis is the first real action the FBI has taken on the case since it closed in 2016.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter reviewing the new evidence, the FBI searched the family’s property for four hours with over a dozen agents. The unique changes made to the parachute might be crucial for solving this decades-old mystery.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"28:T490,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/fbi-busts-russian-ai-fake-news\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eFBI\u003c/a\u003e knows that the original parachutes were altered by Earl Cossey, a skydiver who worked with them until his murder in 2013.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf the new parachute matches Cossey’s alterations, it could help find out who DB Cooper really was.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-db-cooper\"\u003eDB Cooper\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe mystery of DB Cooper has become legendary, and amateur detectives have discussed many theories in books and documentaries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne book from the 1990s, \u0026#8220;DB Cooper: The Real McCoy,\u0026#8221; even suggested that McCoy was the culprit, but it was pulled from publication after Karen sued for libel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn November 24, 1971, DB Cooper, who called himself Dan, bought a one-way ticket to Portland using cash and got on Northwest Orient Flight 305 without showing ID. He handed a flight attendant a note saying he had a bomb.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCooper opened his briefcase to show what looked like a bomb and demanded $200,000, several parachutes, and a refueling truck in Seattle so he could fly to Mexico City.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"29:T1c21,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eFighter jet-inspired washing machine cleans humans in just 15 minutes\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The \u0026quot;Future Human Washing Machine\u0026quot; combines AI and advanced sensors for a 15-minute wash-and-dry experience.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fighter jet-inspired washing machine cleans humans in just 15 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The \u0026quot;Future Human Washing Machine\u0026quot; combines AI and advanced sensors for a 15-minute wash-and-dry experience.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T18:51:07+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T18:51:14+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T214505.775.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2a:T1185,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1970, the groundbreaking invention known as the \u0026#8220;Ultrasonic Bath\u0026#8221; captured the world\u0026#8217;s attention at the Japan World Exposition.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCreated by Sanyo Electric, today known as Panasonic Holdings Corp, this innovative device was likened to a futuristic human washing machine.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe egg-shaped pod provided an unusual bathing experience by automatically filling with hot water, utilizing ultrasound waves, and deploying massage balls to knead users’ bodies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFast forward over five decades, and this unconventional idea is poised for a resurgence with a modern twist.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-human-washing-machine\"\u003eHuman washing machine\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOsaka-based Science Co is set to unveil an upgraded version of the human washing machine, called the “Mirai Ningen Sentakuki” or “Future Human Washing Machine.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis highly anticipated device will be showcased at the Osaka Healthcare Pavilion and receive support from local government organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAttendees at the expo will have the opportunity to see the machine in action and experience its unique features firsthand.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScience Co is already working on a consumer-grade model designed for home use, which will bridge the gap between exhibition novelty and practical functionality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDuring an informational lecture in October, chairman Yasuaki Aoyama shared that the prototype is well on its way to completion, with approximately 70% of its development finalized.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company plans to offer trial experiences to 1,000 visitors during the expo, allowing seven to eight daily users to reserve a spot through a dedicated web platform.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-fighter-jet-inspired\"\u003eFighter jet-inspired\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis human washing machine has undergone a striking transformation, now resembling the cockpit of a sophisticated jet fighter.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts sleek, modern design features a transparent cover that opens with a pivoting motion.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOnce seated in the ergonomically designed center, users are surrounded by warm water that partially fills the chamber.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEmbedded advanced sensors monitor vital signs such as pulse rate, allowing for precise temperature adjustments to ensure a gentle and secure washing experience.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdding to the innovation, the integrated artificial intelligence system evaluates each user\u0026#8217;s emotional state—relaxed or excited—and projects tailored visual displays onto the transparent cover\u0026#8217;s interior, enhancing tranquility and rejuvenation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis process, including washing and drying, can be completed in 15 minutes, offering a compact yet immersive self-care experience.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ai-enhanced\"\u003eAI-enhanced\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe revival of the human washing machine aligns with broader trends toward health technology, smart devices, and the increasing integration of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/artificial-general-intelligence-understanding-future-ai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAI\u003c/a\u003e into our daily routines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fusion of biometric sensors and AI-driven emotional analysis represents a significant advancement in personalized wellness solutions. Such devices are revolutionizing various industries, blending convenience with cutting-edge innovation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFrom a market perspective, introducing a home-use \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-washing-tech-industry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emodel\u003c/a\u003e could disrupt the personal care sector, targeting consumers who prioritize efficiency, luxury, and avant-garde design.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConcepts like this pave the way for a future filled with more automated, AI-enhanced self-care solutions, potentially touching everything from fitness equipment to medical diagnostics.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs technology continues to evolve, the ability to customize experiences according to individual preferences will likely drive the shift towards hyper-personalization in our daily lives.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn this light, the human washing machine transcends its quirky origins to become a symbol of what is possible at the intersection of technology and everyday living, highlighting the future of wellness and self-care.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts emergence signals a nostalgic nod to the past and a visionary leap into a high-tech future where personal care is seamlessly integrated with advanced technology.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2b:T430,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company plans to offer trial experiences to 1,000 visitors during the expo, allowing seven to eight daily users to reserve a spot through a dedicated web platform.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-fighter-jet-inspired\"\u003eFighter jet-inspired\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis human washing machine has undergone a striking transformation, now resembling the cockpit of a sophisticated jet fighter.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts sleek, modern design features a transparent cover that opens with a pivoting motion.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOnce seated in the ergonomically designed center, users are surrounded by warm water that partially fills the chamber.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEmbedded advanced sensors monitor vital signs such as pulse rate, allowing for precise temperature adjustments to ensure a gentle and secure washing experience.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdding to the innovation, the integrated artificial intelligence system evaluates each user\u0026#8217;s emotional state—relaxed or excited—and projects tailored visual displays onto the transparent cover\u0026#8217;s interior, enhancing tranquility and rejuvenation.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2c:T506,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis process, including washing and drying, can be completed in 15 minutes, offering a compact yet immersive self-care experience.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ai-enhanced\"\u003eAI-enhanced\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe revival of the human washing machine aligns with broader trends toward health technology, smart devices, and the increasing integration of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/artificial-general-intelligence-understanding-future-ai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAI\u003c/a\u003e into our daily routines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fusion of biometric sensors and AI-driven emotional analysis represents a significant advancement in personalized wellness solutions. Such devices are revolutionizing various industries, blending convenience with cutting-edge innovation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFrom a market perspective, introducing a home-use \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-washing-tech-industry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emodel\u003c/a\u003e could disrupt the personal care sector, targeting consumers who prioritize efficiency, luxury, and avant-garde design.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConcepts like this pave the way for a future filled with more automated, AI-enhanced self-care solutions, potentially touching everything from fitness equipment to medical diagnostics.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2d:T1e0e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eAGI by 2025? 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Why experts are divided on the future of AI\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Like HAL 9000, modern AI shows intelligence without true understanding—mastering tasks but missing human-like intuition.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T16:28:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T16:28:07+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1_57c928.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Sejal Sharma\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sejal Sharma\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Sejal Sharma\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/509efea0bd86f772177457b7c1a16164\"},\"headline\":\"What is AGI, really? 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Big tech honchos predict human-level AI by 2025 or 2026\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/xXCBz_8hM9w\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"2812\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T16:28:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2e:T314b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSejal Sharma is IE\u0026#8217;s AI columnist, offering deep dives into the world of artificial intelligence and its transformative impact across industries. Her bi-monthly AI Logs column explores the latest trends, breakthroughs, and ethical dilemmas in AI, delivering expert analysis and fresh insights. To stay informed, subscribe to our \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/newsletters/ai-logs/subscribe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAI Logs newsletter\u003c/a\u003e for exclusive content.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf you look at some of cinema\u0026#8217;s greatest and most bone-chilling villains, HAL 9000 from Stanley Kubrick\u0026#8217;s 1968 Marvel \u003cem\u003e2001: A Space Odyssey \u003c/em\u003eeasily ranks among the top 10.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHAL is one of the foremost portrayals of an artificial general intelligence (AGI), a human-level intellect or above in an artificial being. We never see him, but his words are creepily omnipresent in the film. \u0026#8220;I\u0026#8217;m sorry, Dave. I\u0026#8217;m afraid I can\u0026#8217;t do that,\u0026#8221; responds HAL to Dr David Bowman\u0026#8217;s request to re-enter the spacecraft, setting the stage for Bowman\u0026#8217;s slow and suffocating demise.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHAL\u0026#8217;s calm yet increasingly menacing tone builds a sense of dread, reminiscent of when Sir Anthony Hopkins played Hannibal Lecter in 1991 and incidentally took inspiration from HAL.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFast-forward to today, and HAL’s chilling presence feels uncomfortably relevant as big tech races to develop AGI. With industry leaders predicting its arrival within just a few years, the question arises: Are we building the next HAL? Or is true AGI still a distant dream clouded by challenges?\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile those questions are yet to be answered, some of the top leaders in the AI industry are peddling that AGI will be achieved by 2025 or 2026.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a recent interview, when Y Combinator\u0026#8217;s CEO Garry Tan asked OpenAI CEO Sam Altman what he\u0026#8217;s excited about in 2025, Altman said, \u0026#8220;AGI… that\u0026#8217;s the thing I\u0026#8217;ve been most excited about in my life,\u0026#8221; without elaborating on whether OpenAI has already developed it in their labs or not.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How To Build The Future: Sam Altman\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/xXCBz_8hM9w?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile venture capitalists and tech bros heading large corporations are inherently optimistic about the future of their products, Altman\u0026#8217;s prediction could have been brushed under the carpet had OpenAI not been the fastest-growing AI company in the world. But another AI CEO making a similar prediction has added fuel to all this AGI fire.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDario Amodei, CEO of Anthropic—the maker of AI chatbot Claude and a competitor to OpenAI\u0026#8217;s ChatGPT—also recently said that AGI can be expected in 2026 or 2027.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCommenting on the rapid progress of generative AI, Amodei explained, \u0026#8220;We\u0026#8217;re starting to get to PhD level, and last year we were at undergraduate level and the year before we were at the level of a high school student… but if you just eyeball the rate at which these capabilities are increasing, it does make you think that we\u0026#8217;ll get there by 2026 or 2027.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Dario Amodei: Anthropic CEO on Claude, AGI \u0026amp; the Future of AI \u0026amp; Humanity | Lex Fridman Podcast #452\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ugvHCXCOmm4?start=8254\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMillions of dollars are riding on these expectations. The global AI market size has gone from $124 billion in 2022 to $184 billion in 2024. It is expected to be an \u003ca href=\"https://www.statista.com/forecasts/1474143/global-ai-market-size\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eindustry worth $826 billion by 2030\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut erring on the side of caution, Amodei also said that many things could go wrong and derail the development of AGI. For example, \u0026#8220;We could run out of data. We might not be able to scale clusters as much as we want. Maybe Taiwan gets blown up or something, and then we can\u0026#8217;t produce as many GPUs as we want,\u0026#8221; he said amusingly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-is-ai-showing-signs-of-slowing-down\"\u003eIs AI showing signs of slowing down?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToo bad Amodei didn\u0026#8217;t bet on things going wrong (though that would have been a bet against himself), but in the last couple of months alone, we are seeing signs that things are…progressing rather slowly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the things the AI industry has truly believed is that the more data an AI model will train on, the more efficient it will become. By that logic, superintelligent AI would be the outcome of the availability of big data, accelerated increases in computing power, and advances in machine learning. But some of the pioneers of the AI industry seem to be contradicting this.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIlya Sutskever, co-founder of Safe Superintelligence and OpenAI, said that big gains from training AI on massive amounts of data have started to slow down.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The 2010s were the age of scaling, now we\u0026#8217;re back in the age of wonder and discovery once again. Everyone is looking for the next thing,\u0026#8221; Sutskever told \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/openai-rivals-seek-new-path-smarter-ai-current-methods-hit-limitations-2024-11-11/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eReuters\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e. \u0026#8220;Scaling the right thing matters more now than ever.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a separate report, some insiders told \u003ca href=\"https://www.theinformation.com/articles/openai-shifts-strategy-as-rate-of-gpt-ai-improvements-slows\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Information\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e that OpenAI\u0026#8217;s Orion is shining in language tasks but stumbling in coding—an area where expectations are sky-high. Another \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-11-13/openai-google-and-anthropic-are-struggling-to-build-more-advanced-ai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBloomberg\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e report claims that the leap from GPT-4 to Orion seems far less impressive than the giant strides from GPT-3 to GPT-4, and that\u0026#8217;s causing some raised eyebrows.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis trend isn\u0026#8217;t unique to OpenAI. Other major players like Google and Anthropic are also facing challenges with their latest models. These difficulties are prompting discussions about the need for new approaches to training AI beyond merely increasing model size and computational power.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA big part of the problem is also the AI industry\u0026#8217;s Achilles\u0026#8217; heel: data. OpenAI is running out of fresh training data and has set up a special team to hunt for more. Meanwhile, they\u0026#8217;re trying workarounds like fine-tuning models post-training, but that only papers over the cracks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-flailing-on-mathematical-reasoning\"\u003eFlailing on mathematical reasoning\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne other thing that shows that AI might not be where we thought it is is their performances in mathematical reasoning. Mathematical problems are widely used as benchmarks because they demand understanding of rules, the ability to manipulate them flexibly, and creativity in finding solutions—attributes often associated with human-like intelligence.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003ca href=\"https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.04872\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e published four days ago introduced a new benchmark called FrontierMath—a test with hundreds of very advanced math reasoning problems—to evaluate AI models. Researchers tested six top AI language models, namely OpenAI\u0026#8217;s o1-preview, o1-mini and GPT-4o, and Anthropic\u0026#8217;s Claude 3.5 Sonnet, xAI\u0026#8217;s Grok 2 Beta and Google\u0026#8217;s Gemini 1.5 Pro. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe results were disappointing—none of the models could solve even two percent of the problems, far worse than their performance on other math tests like GSM8K or AIME, where they\u0026#8217;ve almost maxed out their potential.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey also looked closer at the few problems that any model managed to solve. Even then, the results were inconsistent. For example, only one model—o1-preview—solved a problem correctly every single time it was tested.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-there-is-no-one-true-definition-of-agi\"\u003eThere is no one true definition of AGI\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAI pioneer \u003ca href=\"https://ojs.aaai.org/aimagazine/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/1850\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNils Nilsson\u0026#8217;s prediction\u003c/a\u003e in 2005 that \u0026#8220;achieving real human-level AI would necessarily imply that most of the tasks that humans perform for pay could be automated,\u0026#8221; emphasizes the challenge of defining AGI, as it raises questions about its societal implications. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThere will be a lot of debate when (or if) we finally hit AGI. And without a clear definition, researchers may disagree on whether a system truly qualifies as AGI.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis ambiguity was recently highlighted by Fei-Fei Li, the so-called \u0026#8216;godmother of AI\u0026#8217; and a key figure in AI development. She expressed that she doesn\u0026#8217;t truly know what AGI means.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;I come from academic AI and have been educated in the more rigorous and evidence-based methods, so I don\u0026#8217;t really know what all these words mean,\u0026#8221; \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2024/10/03/even-the-godmother-of-ai-has-no-idea-what-agi-is/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid Li\u003c/a\u003e. \u0026#8220;I frankly don\u0026#8217;t even know what AGI means. Like people say you know it when you see it, I guess I haven\u0026#8217;t seen it.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOthers, like \u003ca href=\"https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/sam-altman-artificial-intelligence-openai-profile.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eAltman\u003c/a\u003e and Amodei, define AGI more concretely, likening it to collaborating with a highly intelligent human colleague. However, these definitions vary, and some researchers still question whether these AI systems meet the necessary criteria.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne thing is certain: scaling up will be essential. OpenAI outlines a tiered approach to AGI, with \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-07-11/openai-sets-levels-to-track-progress-toward-superintelligent-ai?embedded-checkout=true\u0026amp;sref=HrWXCALa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003efive levels of AI intelligence\u003c/a\u003e, ranging from basic chatbots to fully autonomous systems capable of running organizations, which it calls AGI. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith the launch of the o1 model, OpenAI is currently at Level 2—the reasoners level. And by early next year, reports say it is expected to reach Level 3 after launching an autonomous\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-11-13/openai-nears-launch-of-ai-agents-to-automate-tasks-for-users\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e AI agent\u003c/a\u003e codenamed \u0026#8216;Operator.\u0026#8217; \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, considering the pace of progress and the recent reports of AI models showing signs of slowing down, Altman\u0026#8217;s prediction of achieving AGI by 2025 seems ambitious. How could AGI be reached by jumping two levels within a year, especially when the current trajectory suggests that AI\u0026#8217;s rapid advancements may be facing roadblocks?\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUltimately, as we continue to develop AI models, we may find ourselves in a situation similar to HAL 9000: a machine that seems to have intelligence yet remains somewhat distant from true human-like understanding. And with so many varying definitions of AGI, is there a chance that we might not recognize it when we finally see it?\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2f:T61d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile those questions are yet to be answered, some of the top leaders in the AI industry are peddling that AGI will be achieved by 2025 or 2026.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a recent interview, when Y Combinator\u0026#8217;s CEO Garry Tan asked OpenAI CEO Sam Altman what he\u0026#8217;s excited about in 2025, Altman said, \u0026#8220;AGI… that\u0026#8217;s the thing I\u0026#8217;ve been most excited about in my life,\u0026#8221; without elaborating on whether OpenAI has already developed it in their labs or not.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How To Build The Future: Sam Altman\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/xXCBz_8hM9w?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile venture capitalists and tech bros heading large corporations are inherently optimistic about the future of their products, Altman\u0026#8217;s prediction could have been brushed under the carpet had OpenAI not been the fastest-growing AI company in the world. But another AI CEO making a similar prediction has added fuel to all this AGI fire.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDario Amodei, CEO of Anthropic—the maker of AI chatbot Claude and a competitor to OpenAI\u0026#8217;s ChatGPT—also recently said that AGI can be expected in 2026 or 2027.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"30:T6c1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCommenting on the rapid progress of generative AI, Amodei explained, \u0026#8220;We\u0026#8217;re starting to get to PhD level, and last year we were at undergraduate level and the year before we were at the level of a high school student… but if you just eyeball the rate at which these capabilities are increasing, it does make you think that we\u0026#8217;ll get there by 2026 or 2027.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Dario Amodei: Anthropic CEO on Claude, AGI \u0026amp; the Future of AI \u0026amp; Humanity | Lex Fridman Podcast #452\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ugvHCXCOmm4?start=8254\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMillions of dollars are riding on these expectations. The global AI market size has gone from $124 billion in 2022 to $184 billion in 2024. It is expected to be an \u003ca href=\"https://www.statista.com/forecasts/1474143/global-ai-market-size\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eindustry worth $826 billion by 2030\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut erring on the side of caution, Amodei also said that many things could go wrong and derail the development of AGI. For example, \u0026#8220;We could run out of data. We might not be able to scale clusters as much as we want. Maybe Taiwan gets blown up or something, and then we can\u0026#8217;t produce as many GPUs as we want,\u0026#8221; he said amusingly.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"31:T564,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-is-ai-showing-signs-of-slowing-down\"\u003eIs AI showing signs of slowing down?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToo bad Amodei didn\u0026#8217;t bet on things going wrong (though that would have been a bet against himself), but in the last couple of months alone, we are seeing signs that things are…progressing rather slowly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the things the AI industry has truly believed is that the more data an AI model will train on, the more efficient it will become. By that logic, superintelligent AI would be the outcome of the availability of big data, accelerated increases in computing power, and advances in machine learning. But some of the pioneers of the AI industry seem to be contradicting this.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIlya Sutskever, co-founder of Safe Superintelligence and OpenAI, said that big gains from training AI on massive amounts of data have started to slow down.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The 2010s were the age of scaling, now we\u0026#8217;re back in the age of wonder and discovery once again. Everyone is looking for the next thing,\u0026#8221; Sutskever told \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/openai-rivals-seek-new-path-smarter-ai-current-methods-hit-limitations-2024-11-11/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eReuters\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e. \u0026#8220;Scaling the right thing matters more now than ever.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"32:T560,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a separate report, some insiders told \u003ca href=\"https://www.theinformation.com/articles/openai-shifts-strategy-as-rate-of-gpt-ai-improvements-slows\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Information\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e that OpenAI\u0026#8217;s Orion is shining in language tasks but stumbling in coding—an area where expectations are sky-high. Another \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-11-13/openai-google-and-anthropic-are-struggling-to-build-more-advanced-ai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBloomberg\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e report claims that the leap from GPT-4 to Orion seems far less impressive than the giant strides from GPT-3 to GPT-4, and that\u0026#8217;s causing some raised eyebrows.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis trend isn\u0026#8217;t unique to OpenAI. Other major players like Google and Anthropic are also facing challenges with their latest models. These difficulties are prompting discussions about the need for new approaches to training AI beyond merely increasing model size and computational power.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA big part of the problem is also the AI industry\u0026#8217;s Achilles\u0026#8217; heel: data. OpenAI is running out of fresh training data and has set up a special team to hunt for more. Meanwhile, they\u0026#8217;re trying workarounds like fine-tuning models post-training, but that only papers over the cracks.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"33:T4b0,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-flailing-on-mathematical-reasoning\"\u003eFlailing on mathematical reasoning\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne other thing that shows that AI might not be where we thought it is is their performances in mathematical reasoning. Mathematical problems are widely used as benchmarks because they demand understanding of rules, the ability to manipulate them flexibly, and creativity in finding solutions—attributes often associated with human-like intelligence.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003ca href=\"https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.04872\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e published four days ago introduced a new benchmark called FrontierMath—a test with hundreds of very advanced math reasoning problems—to evaluate AI models. Researchers tested six top AI language models, namely OpenAI\u0026#8217;s o1-preview, o1-mini and GPT-4o, and Anthropic\u0026#8217;s Claude 3.5 Sonnet, xAI\u0026#8217;s Grok 2 Beta and Google\u0026#8217;s Gemini 1.5 Pro. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe results were disappointing—none of the models could solve even two percent of the problems, far worse than their performance on other math tests like GSM8K or AIME, where they\u0026#8217;ve almost maxed out their potential.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"34:T4a3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey also looked closer at the few problems that any model managed to solve. Even then, the results were inconsistent. For example, only one model—o1-preview—solved a problem correctly every single time it was tested.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-there-is-no-one-true-definition-of-agi\"\u003eThere is no one true definition of AGI\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAI pioneer \u003ca href=\"https://ojs.aaai.org/aimagazine/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/1850\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNils Nilsson\u0026#8217;s prediction\u003c/a\u003e in 2005 that \u0026#8220;achieving real human-level AI would necessarily imply that most of the tasks that humans perform for pay could be automated,\u0026#8221; emphasizes the challenge of defining AGI, as it raises questions about its societal implications. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThere will be a lot of debate when (or if) we finally hit AGI. And without a clear definition, researchers may disagree on whether a system truly qualifies as AGI.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis ambiguity was recently highlighted by Fei-Fei Li, the so-called \u0026#8216;godmother of AI\u0026#8217; and a key figure in AI development. She expressed that she doesn\u0026#8217;t truly know what AGI means.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"35:T722,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;I come from academic AI and have been educated in the more rigorous and evidence-based methods, so I don\u0026#8217;t really know what all these words mean,\u0026#8221; \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2024/10/03/even-the-godmother-of-ai-has-no-idea-what-agi-is/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid Li\u003c/a\u003e. \u0026#8220;I frankly don\u0026#8217;t even know what AGI means. Like people say you know it when you see it, I guess I haven\u0026#8217;t seen it.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOthers, like \u003ca href=\"https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/sam-altman-artificial-intelligence-openai-profile.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eAltman\u003c/a\u003e and Amodei, define AGI more concretely, likening it to collaborating with a highly intelligent human colleague. However, these definitions vary, and some researchers still question whether these AI systems meet the necessary criteria.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne thing is certain: scaling up will be essential. OpenAI outlines a tiered approach to AGI, with \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-07-11/openai-sets-levels-to-track-progress-toward-superintelligent-ai?embedded-checkout=true\u0026amp;sref=HrWXCALa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003efive levels of AI intelligence\u003c/a\u003e, ranging from basic chatbots to fully autonomous systems capable of running organizations, which it calls AGI. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith the launch of the o1 model, OpenAI is currently at Level 2—the reasoners level. And by early next year, reports say it is expected to reach Level 3 after launching an autonomous\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-11-13/openai-nears-launch-of-ai-agents-to-automate-tasks-for-users\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e AI agent\u003c/a\u003e codenamed \u0026#8216;Operator.\u0026#8217; \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"36:T1f13,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eExtinct human species found in North China with unique large heads\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers believe that the extinct human species lived in small groups, which might have made them susceptible to snowstorms.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Extinct human species found in North China with unique large heads\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Researchers believe that the extinct human species lived in small groups, which might have made them susceptible to snowstorms.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T15:24:28+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T15:24:35+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-9.14.40-PM.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Maria Mocerino\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Maria Mocerino\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" 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Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-hr-Qc4Dz0\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"674\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T15:24:28+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"37:T13a1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eA new species of hominin or humans has been discovered in Northern China with an unforgettable physical feature— large heads. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEveryone knows the Neanderthals, homo sapiens, and Denisovans are amongst the first human species. The sapiens are considered the modern humans in that grouping that migrated out of Africa. However, according to research out of China, the number of prehistoric human species might be growing.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The morphological diversity among late Quaternary hominin fossils from eastern Asia is greater than we expected,” the authors of a new study stated. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, “a number of new eastern Asian hominin taxa” have appeared on researcher’s radar over the past several decades. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAmong them, making headlines, is a new species that has been given an apt name \u0026#8211; Homo juluensis \u0026#8211; for their strikingly large heads. Ju Lu means “huge head\u0026#8221; in Chinese, as the \u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post\u003c/em\u003e reports. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ancient human with an impressive head size is shaking up this area of science that lies at the foundation of us, humans. Study authors propose that the Denisovans are actually\u0026nbsp;Homo juluensis\u0026nbsp;and that this research contributes to the “decolonization” of the field so that Asia can assume its rightful place.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-new-species-of-hominid-in-china-homo-juluensis\"\u003eA new species of hominid in China: Homo juluensis\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1970s, fossils belonging to 16 individuals were found in two different locations in China. They appeared to belong to a unique species. Thousands of artifacts, stone tools, and animal bones were also uncovered. Strikingly, as lead researchers explained, they seemed to have stumbled upon a horse kill site.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHomo juluensis\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003eseemed to have hunted wild horses as a group which they would use entirely, consuming the meat, marrow, and cartilage, and making clothes with the hides with stone tools to survive the brutal winters. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith such an evocative snapshot of the inner workings of this proposed new human species, it sparks many questions, as to what happened to them. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers believe that they lived in small groups, which might have made them susceptible to snowstorms, but they seemed to disappear about 120,000 years ago as modern humans began to migrate across the world. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-new-era-for-the-earliest-humans\"\u003eA new era for the earliest humans?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut first, study authors strike a clear line between this new species of hominin with others but draw a controversial similarity to the Denisovans. Their teeth are alike, leading them to suggest that the Denisovans aren’t related to the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthals-hunted-cave-lions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eNeanderthals\u003c/a\u003e but are, in fact, Homo juluensis.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eChinese researchers argued to\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;that Denisovan refers to a general population rather than a specific species. But Westerners want Chinese fossils to take on this name, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/how-neanderthals-and-denisovans-interbred-due-to-early-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDenisovan\u003c/a\u003e, but they are proposing the opposite if a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ancient-human-genetic-material-found-preserved-in-2-million-year-old-teeth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enew species\u003c/a\u003e has been identified, which they claim has been done.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt’s time to reorganize our understanding of the first humans, according to research heads Christopher Bae and Wu Xiujie. As they told\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3288005/big-head-big-teeth-big-implications-early-hominid-china-stirs-new-species-debate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e,\u0026nbsp;“\u003c/em\u003emultiple hominin lineages” are turning up in research dating back between 300,000-50,000 years ago.\u0026nbsp;So we might have more than one human species to add to the prehistoric list. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The eastern Asian record is prompting us to recognize just how complex human evolution is more generally and really forcing us to revise and rethink our interpretations of various evolutionary models to better match the growing fossil record.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Return of the Ekranoplan\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-hr-Qc4Dz0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"38:T447,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-new-species-of-hominid-in-china-homo-juluensis\"\u003eA new species of hominid in China: Homo juluensis\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1970s, fossils belonging to 16 individuals were found in two different locations in China. They appeared to belong to a unique species. Thousands of artifacts, stone tools, and animal bones were also uncovered. Strikingly, as lead researchers explained, they seemed to have stumbled upon a horse kill site.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHomo juluensis\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003eseemed to have hunted wild horses as a group which they would use entirely, consuming the meat, marrow, and cartilage, and making clothes with the hides with stone tools to survive the brutal winters. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith such an evocative snapshot of the inner workings of this proposed new human species, it sparks many questions, as to what happened to them. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers believe that they lived in small groups, which might have made them susceptible to snowstorms, but they seemed to disappear about 120,000 years ago as modern humans began to migrate across the world. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"39:T6ef,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-new-era-for-the-earliest-humans\"\u003eA new era for the earliest humans?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut first, study authors strike a clear line between this new species of hominin with others but draw a controversial similarity to the Denisovans. Their teeth are alike, leading them to suggest that the Denisovans aren’t related to the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthals-hunted-cave-lions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eNeanderthals\u003c/a\u003e but are, in fact, Homo juluensis.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eChinese researchers argued to\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;that Denisovan refers to a general population rather than a specific species. But Westerners want Chinese fossils to take on this name, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/how-neanderthals-and-denisovans-interbred-due-to-early-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDenisovan\u003c/a\u003e, but they are proposing the opposite if a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ancient-human-genetic-material-found-preserved-in-2-million-year-old-teeth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enew species\u003c/a\u003e has been identified, which they claim has been done.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt’s time to reorganize our understanding of the first humans, according to research heads Christopher Bae and Wu Xiujie. As they told\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3288005/big-head-big-teeth-big-implications-early-hominid-china-stirs-new-species-debate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e,\u0026nbsp;“\u003c/em\u003emultiple hominin lineages” are turning up in research dating back between 300,000-50,000 years ago.\u0026nbsp;So we might have more than one human species to add to the prehistoric list. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3a:T1fab,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eUK: Robot dogs are sniffing out profits in agriculture for farmers\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"UK scientists trial robots with gamma ray detectors to map soil health, offering faster, precise insights to 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property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T15:04:18+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T15:04:25+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T193826.433.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" 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The detector is mounted on tracked robots and quadrupeds for accessibility and quicker turnaround times. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to a British news provider, the trial, which is being conducted in collaboration with the University of Plymouth, aims to provide farmers with more efficient ways to monitor soil conditions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe technology, which offers faster and more accurate results than traditional methods, could boost farm profitability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-regenerative-farming\"\u003eRegenerative farming\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGlobally, 12 million hectares of agricultural soil are lost annually due to degradation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn England and Wales, a 2019 UK Environment Agency report revealed that 17% of soils showed signs of erosion, with four million hectares at risk of compaction from grazing animals or heavy machinery. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAn additional 300,000 hectares were polluted. Despite these challenges, soil health metrics remain hard to quantify, and governments rarely implement long-term systematic sampling strategies.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFarmers are increasingly adopting regenerative agriculture to combat soil degradation and promote recovery. Practices like planting cover crops, reducing tillage, direct drilling, managing grazing carefully, planting trees, and boosting organic matter help protect and restore soils.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How are robots built?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/oHKCwyUa2rg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, innovative technologies are enabling farmers and scientists to measure soil conditions more accurately. By working together, ecologists and farmers are turning to sustainable strategies to address the global soil crisis and safeguard agricultural productivity for the future.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDespite extensive research on soils, it has become apparent that soil assessments, particularly those advised for farmers, often prioritize physical and chemical measures. These assessments frequently overlook the diverse communities of organisms—ranging from microbes and fungi to earthworms and plants—that inhabit the soil.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAdditionally, sampling strategies rarely account for the significant variations in soil conditions, which can differ greatly within a single field or across seasons.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;Detecting changes over years or between management practices is often prohibitively expensive to farmers, as large numbers of replicate samples are needed. New research and technology can help close this gap,\u0026#8221; said Jennifer Rowntree, associate professor in Ecological Genetics, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, in an \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/from-robots-and-drones-to-sheep-trackers-new-tech-can-help-farmers-monitor-and-improve-soil-health-227250\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003earticle\u003c/a\u003e on \u003cem\u003eThe Conversation\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-farming-tech-advancements-including-robots\"\u003eFarming tech advancements -including robots\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlowing and other intensive agricultural techniques disturb microbial networks and release stored carbon, which has a substantial negative influence on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/electrically-conductive-soil-boosts-growth-by-50-in-plants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esoil\u003c/a\u003e health. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to researchers, while industrial fertilizers and pesticides damage soil organisms and contaminate streams, heavy grazing compacts the soil, decreasing its ability to absorb water. New robot using technologies provide ways to monitor and safeguard the health of the soil.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSatellite sensors, which offer precise photos, make tracking plant growth, disease, soil deterioration, and water content possible. Thanks to these insights, farmers are better able to make decisions regarding sustainable practices.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSoil sensors—like portable near-infrared devices—measure \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/novel-molecules-organic-flow-batteries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eorganic\u003c/a\u003e matter without disturbing crops. Mounted on drones or robotic \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/engineers-create-robots-function-without-electricity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplatforms\u003c/a\u003e, they can navigate rough terrain efficiently, while robotic “dogs” access tight spaces like hedgerows. Soil microbial chemical reactions may even power future sensors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How AI Farming Robots Can Fix Agriculture\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/aVcQp-WQbF0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the recent project, the £25,000 gamma detector from Robotriks, measures naturally occurring radiation levels in soil, offering a faster alternative to traditional methods. Typically, soil samples are manually collected from several field areas and sent to a laboratory, and results take days or weeks to arrive.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5yxw9wr3j4o\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eBBC\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e claims that the procedure is expensive and time-consuming, restricting the number of samples a farmer can afford. By offering thorough maps of soil properties, the new tool mounted on the robot seeks to expedite this process and facilitate more rapid, data-driven farming decisions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnimal sensors also monitor cattle movements, detecting regions where soil compaction is likely to occur. These sensors, in conjunction with long-range networks like LoRaWAN, ensure dependable data transmission even in remote locations.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDNA technology is also advancing soil monitoring. Thanks to handheld sequencers that map microbial communities and quickly identify dangerous infections like Fusarium, farmers can now swiftly modify their methods.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Rowntree, collaborative efforts between researchers and farmers are vital for developing accessible tools to monitor soil health. These innovations support sustainable farming, ensuring soil preservation for future generations.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3c:Tb17,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-regenerative-farming\"\u003eRegenerative farming\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGlobally, 12 million hectares of agricultural soil are lost annually due to degradation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn England and Wales, a 2019 UK Environment Agency report revealed that 17% of soils showed signs of erosion, with four million hectares at risk of compaction from grazing animals or heavy machinery. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAn additional 300,000 hectares were polluted. Despite these challenges, soil health metrics remain hard to quantify, and governments rarely implement long-term systematic sampling strategies.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFarmers are increasingly adopting regenerative agriculture to combat soil degradation and promote recovery. Practices like planting cover crops, reducing tillage, direct drilling, managing grazing carefully, planting trees, and boosting organic matter help protect and restore soils.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How are robots built?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/oHKCwyUa2rg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, innovative technologies are enabling farmers and scientists to measure soil conditions more accurately. By working together, ecologists and farmers are turning to sustainable strategies to address the global soil crisis and safeguard agricultural productivity for the future.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDespite extensive research on soils, it has become apparent that soil assessments, particularly those advised for farmers, often prioritize physical and chemical measures. These assessments frequently overlook the diverse communities of organisms—ranging from microbes and fungi to earthworms and plants—that inhabit the soil.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAdditionally, sampling strategies rarely account for the significant variations in soil conditions, which can differ greatly within a single field or across seasons.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;Detecting changes over years or between management practices is often prohibitively expensive to farmers, as large numbers of replicate samples are needed. New research and technology can help close this gap,\u0026#8221; said Jennifer Rowntree, associate professor in Ecological Genetics, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, in an \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/from-robots-and-drones-to-sheep-trackers-new-tech-can-help-farmers-monitor-and-improve-soil-health-227250\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003earticle\u003c/a\u003e on \u003cem\u003eThe Conversation\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3d:T630,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-farming-tech-advancements-including-robots\"\u003eFarming tech advancements -including robots\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlowing and other intensive agricultural techniques disturb microbial networks and release stored carbon, which has a substantial negative influence on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/electrically-conductive-soil-boosts-growth-by-50-in-plants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esoil\u003c/a\u003e health. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to researchers, while industrial fertilizers and pesticides damage soil organisms and contaminate streams, heavy grazing compacts the soil, decreasing its ability to absorb water. New robot using technologies provide ways to monitor and safeguard the health of the soil.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSatellite sensors, which offer precise photos, make tracking plant growth, disease, soil deterioration, and water content possible. Thanks to these insights, farmers are better able to make decisions regarding sustainable practices.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSoil sensors—like portable near-infrared devices—measure \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/novel-molecules-organic-flow-batteries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eorganic\u003c/a\u003e matter without disturbing crops. Mounted on drones or robotic \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/engineers-create-robots-function-without-electricity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplatforms\u003c/a\u003e, they can navigate rough terrain efficiently, while robotic “dogs” access tight spaces like hedgerows. Soil microbial chemical reactions may even power future sensors.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3e:T6e5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How AI Farming Robots Can Fix Agriculture\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/aVcQp-WQbF0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the recent project, the £25,000 gamma detector from Robotriks, measures naturally occurring radiation levels in soil, offering a faster alternative to traditional methods. Typically, soil samples are manually collected from several field areas and sent to a laboratory, and results take days or weeks to arrive.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5yxw9wr3j4o\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eBBC\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e claims that the procedure is expensive and time-consuming, restricting the number of samples a farmer can afford. By offering thorough maps of soil properties, the new tool mounted on the robot seeks to expedite this process and facilitate more rapid, data-driven farming decisions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnimal sensors also monitor cattle movements, detecting regions where soil compaction is likely to occur. These sensors, in conjunction with long-range networks like LoRaWAN, ensure dependable data transmission even in remote locations.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDNA technology is also advancing soil monitoring. Thanks to handheld sequencers that map microbial communities and quickly identify dangerous infections like Fusarium, farmers can now swiftly modify their methods.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3f:T209e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eMIT develops new industrial water filter inspired by manta rays\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Inspired by this natural filtering mechanism, MIT engineers have designed new water filters for industrial purposes. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MIT develops new industrial water filter inspired by manta rays\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Inspired by this natural filtering mechanism, MIT engineers have designed new water filters for industrial purposes. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:15:19+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:15:27+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/696f755f1eed421bdfd49e34e42a53ae\"},\"headline\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:27+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\"},\"wordCount\":557,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Engineers fabricated a simple water filter modeled after the mobula ray’s plankton-filtering features. 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These vortices trap plankton particles, directing them into the ray\u0026#8217;s gullet.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We show that the mobula ray has evolved the geometry of these plates to be the perfect size to balance feeding and breathing,” said Anette “Peko” Hosoi, the study author at MIT.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-123196\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg 900w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg?resize=300,200 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg?resize=768,512 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eMobula rays engulf seawater and use specialized filters in their oral cavity to separate food particles.\u0026nbsp;Jing Xue\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-filter-with-permeability-and-selectivity\"\u003eFilter with permeability and selectivity\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIndustrial filters require a balance between permeability and selectivity. This determines how readily fluid can pass through a filter and its ability to capture particles of a specific size.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, the mobula ray efficiently balances both permeability and selectivity in its feeding mechanism.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers questioned if the ray\u0026#8217;s efficient design could inspire improvements in industrial filters.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey fabricated a simple filter and referred to its design as a “leaky channel.” Basically, a device consisting of a pipe with openings along its sides.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe filter consisted of two flat, transparent acrylic plates. They are glued together at their ends, creating a long, narrow channel between them. This channel allows liquid to pass through it.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, they inserted 3D-printed structures, mimicking the mobula ray\u0026#8217;s mouth grooves, at one end of this channel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How do we get clean drinking water?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/PEKXB3N6g3I?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cross-flow-filtration-blueprint\"\u003eCross-flow filtration blueprint\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers experimented with different \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mits-new-silk-cellulose-water-filter-blocks-stubborn-forever-chemicals-metals\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ewater\u003c/a\u003e flow rates in their filters. Dye was added to the water to track its flow.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAt low flow rates, the water smoothly passed through the grooves. However, as the flow rate increased, the water began to swirl at the entrance of each groove, forming vortices. This vortex formation prevented particles from passing through the filter.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This vortex is not blocking water, but it is blocking particles,” Hosoi explained.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Whereas in a slower flow, particles go through the filter with the water, at higher flow rates, particles try to get through the filter but are blocked by this vortex and are shot down the channel instead. The vortex is helpful because it prevents particles from flowing out,” Hosoi added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team suggests that the formation of vortices is the key to the mobula ray\u0026#8217;s ability to efficiently filter plankton from water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, they utilized experimental results and mobula ray-filtering dimensions to develop a cross-flow \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/device-ultra-clean-water-hydroponic-system\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efiltration\u003c/a\u003e blueprint.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“You want to design a filter such that you’re in the regime where you generate vortices,” Hosoi said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our guidelines tell you: If you want your plant to pump at a certain rate, then your filter has to have a particular pore diameter and spacing to generate vortices that will filter out particles of this size. The mobula ray is giving us a really nice rule of thumb for rational design,” the author concluded in the \u003ca href=\"https://news.mit.edu/2024/mit-engineers-design-manta-ray-inspired-water-filters-1125\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2410018121\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"41:T7bb,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We show that the mobula ray has evolved the geometry of these plates to be the perfect size to balance feeding and breathing,” said Anette “Peko” Hosoi, the study author at MIT.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-123196\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg 900w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg?resize=300,200 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg?resize=768,512 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eMobula rays engulf seawater and use specialized filters in their oral cavity to separate food particles.\u0026nbsp;Jing Xue\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-filter-with-permeability-and-selectivity\"\u003eFilter with permeability and selectivity\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIndustrial filters require a balance between permeability and selectivity. This determines how readily fluid can pass through a filter and its ability to capture particles of a specific size.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, the mobula ray efficiently balances both permeability and selectivity in its feeding mechanism.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers questioned if the ray\u0026#8217;s efficient design could inspire improvements in industrial filters.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey fabricated a simple filter and referred to its design as a “leaky channel.” Basically, a device consisting of a pipe with openings along its sides.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe filter consisted of two flat, transparent acrylic plates. They are glued together at their ends, creating a long, narrow channel between them. This channel allows liquid to pass through it.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"42:T6d7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, they inserted 3D-printed structures, mimicking the mobula ray\u0026#8217;s mouth grooves, at one end of this channel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How do we get clean drinking water?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/PEKXB3N6g3I?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cross-flow-filtration-blueprint\"\u003eCross-flow filtration blueprint\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers experimented with different \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mits-new-silk-cellulose-water-filter-blocks-stubborn-forever-chemicals-metals\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ewater\u003c/a\u003e flow rates in their filters. Dye was added to the water to track its flow.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAt low flow rates, the water smoothly passed through the grooves. However, as the flow rate increased, the water began to swirl at the entrance of each groove, forming vortices. This vortex formation prevented particles from passing through the filter.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This vortex is not blocking water, but it is blocking particles,” Hosoi explained.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Whereas in a slower flow, particles go through the filter with the water, at higher flow rates, particles try to get through the filter but are blocked by this vortex and are shot down the channel instead. The vortex is helpful because it prevents particles from flowing out,” Hosoi added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"43:T4d9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team suggests that the formation of vortices is the key to the mobula ray\u0026#8217;s ability to efficiently filter plankton from water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, they utilized experimental results and mobula ray-filtering dimensions to develop a cross-flow \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/device-ultra-clean-water-hydroponic-system\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efiltration\u003c/a\u003e blueprint.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“You want to design a filter such that you’re in the regime where you generate vortices,” Hosoi said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our guidelines tell you: If you want your plant to pump at a certain rate, then your filter has to have a particular pore diameter and spacing to generate vortices that will filter out particles of this size. The mobula ray is giving us a really nice rule of thumb for rational design,” the author concluded in the \u003ca href=\"https://news.mit.edu/2024/mit-engineers-design-manta-ray-inspired-water-filters-1125\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2410018121\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"44:T1f49,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eSpin-powered crystals could boost hydrogen production 200 times\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"These crystals can manipulate the spin of electrons, allowing for a highly efficient water-splitting process.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Spin-powered crystals could boost hydrogen production 200 times\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"These crystals can manipulate the spin of electrons, allowing for a highly efficient water-splitting process.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:14:23+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:14:30+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-3_448eae.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/696f755f1eed421bdfd49e34e42a53ae\"},\"headline\":\"Spin-powered crystals could boost clean hydrogen production 200 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/\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"45:T12fb,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eHydrogen is increasingly seen as an important element in the transition to a low-carbon future. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNow, researchers have discovered a new approach to improve the efficiency of water splitting, a process that produces clean hydrogen fuel.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMax Planck Institute researchers used a special type of crystal called\u0026nbsp;topological chiral crystals.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese crystals, with their unique chiral structure, possess extraordinary quantum properties. They can manipulate the spin of electrons, allowing for a highly efficient water-splitting process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;By leveraging the unique spin properties of electrons, we\u0026#8217;ve created a catalyst that outperforms traditional materials by a factor of 200,\u0026#8221; said Binghai Yan.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overcoming-slow-reaction-challenge\"\u003eOvercoming slow reaction challenge \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/hydrogen-storage-iron-rust-battery\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eHydrogen\u003c/a\u003e is a versatile fuel that can be used in various applications, including transportation, power generation, and industrial processes. It offers a clean and sustainable alternative to greenhouse gas-emitting fossil fuels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, it can be stored and transported efficiently, making it a valuable solution for storing excess renewable energy. Therefore, the demand is expected to exponentially increase in the coming years. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWater splitting is a promising technique for producing clean hydrogen energy by breaking water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, this process is hindered by the slow oxygen evolution reaction (OER).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe OER involves a complex series of electron transfer steps, which are inherently slow. This sluggishness majorly reduces the overall efficiency of water splitting, making it less cost-effective.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo overcome this challenge, researchers are actively exploring new ways to accelerate the process.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn this new development, the researchers turned to these crystals with unique \u0026#8220;chiral\u0026#8221; structures.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;These crystals are essentially quantum machines,\u0026#8221; said Dr. Xia Wang, lead researcher from the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese crystals possess a distinct left- or right-handed atomic arrangement, which allows them to interact with light and other chiral molecules in specific ways.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis manipulation helps to speed up the oxygen evolution reaction for successful water splitting.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"World’s First Hydrogen-Powered Outboard\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/p3qhZaBOEoQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-enhances-the-process\"\u003eEnhances the process\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers designed topological chiral crystals, which were composed of various elements like rhodium, silicon, tin, and bismuth. This provides the crystals with a remarkable ability to manipulate the spin of electrons.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe unique quantum properties of these crystals allow electrons to move more efficiently toward the oxygen generation sites during the water-splitting process.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis accelerated electron transfer significantly boosts the overall reaction rate, making it 200 times more efficient than traditional catalysts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We are aware that our catalysts still contain rare elements, however we are confident that based on our design scheme we will come up soon with highly efficient and also sustainable catalysts,” Yan added in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpfs.mpg.de/3695333/20241125?c=1622021\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery has the potential to advance the energy sector. With more efficient hydrogen production, it can power our homes, vehicles, and industries with clean, renewable energy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sustainable-hydrogen-solar-power\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eclean hydrogen\u003c/a\u003e production faces challenges like high costs and efficiency issues, but continued research and development promise to make it a crucial part of a clean energy future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-024-01674-9\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eNature Energy.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"46:T525,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;By leveraging the unique spin properties of electrons, we\u0026#8217;ve created a catalyst that outperforms traditional materials by a factor of 200,\u0026#8221; said Binghai Yan.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overcoming-slow-reaction-challenge\"\u003eOvercoming slow reaction challenge \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/hydrogen-storage-iron-rust-battery\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eHydrogen\u003c/a\u003e is a versatile fuel that can be used in various applications, including transportation, power generation, and industrial processes. It offers a clean and sustainable alternative to greenhouse gas-emitting fossil fuels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, it can be stored and transported efficiently, making it a valuable solution for storing excess renewable energy. Therefore, the demand is expected to exponentially increase in the coming years. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWater splitting is a promising technique for producing clean hydrogen energy by breaking water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, this process is hindered by the slow oxygen evolution reaction (OER).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe OER involves a complex series of electron transfer steps, which are inherently slow. This sluggishness majorly reduces the overall efficiency of water splitting, making it less cost-effective.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"47:T62f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo overcome this challenge, researchers are actively exploring new ways to accelerate the process.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn this new development, the researchers turned to these crystals with unique \u0026#8220;chiral\u0026#8221; structures.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;These crystals are essentially quantum machines,\u0026#8221; said Dr. Xia Wang, lead researcher from the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese crystals possess a distinct left- or right-handed atomic arrangement, which allows them to interact with light and other chiral molecules in specific ways.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis manipulation helps to speed up the oxygen evolution reaction for successful water splitting.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"World’s First Hydrogen-Powered Outboard\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/p3qhZaBOEoQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-enhances-the-process\"\u003eEnhances the process\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers designed topological chiral crystals, which were composed of various elements like rhodium, silicon, tin, and bismuth. This provides the crystals with a remarkable ability to manipulate the spin of electrons.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"48:T49e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe unique quantum properties of these crystals allow electrons to move more efficiently toward the oxygen generation sites during the water-splitting process.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis accelerated electron transfer significantly boosts the overall reaction rate, making it 200 times more efficient than traditional catalysts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We are aware that our catalysts still contain rare elements, however we are confident that based on our design scheme we will come up soon with highly efficient and also sustainable catalysts,” Yan added in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpfs.mpg.de/3695333/20241125?c=1622021\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery has the potential to advance the energy sector. With more efficient hydrogen production, it can power our homes, vehicles, and industries with clean, renewable energy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sustainable-hydrogen-solar-power\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eclean hydrogen\u003c/a\u003e production faces challenges like high costs and efficiency issues, but continued research and development promise to make it a crucial part of a clean energy future.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"49:T208d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eeVinci microreactors to be used for new floating nuclear power plants\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Floating nuclear power plants will allow operators to deploy microreactors to areas that would otherwise be underserved.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"eVinci microreactors to be used for new floating nuclear power plants\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Floating nuclear power plants will allow operators to deploy microreactors to areas that would otherwise be underserved.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:07:10+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:07:18+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/core-power-nuclear.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Chris Young\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta 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content=\"2024-11-26T14:07:10+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4a:T1681,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company and CORE POWER have announced a cooperative agreement to jointly design and develop a floating nuclear power plant (FNPP). The companies will use Westinghouse Electric Company\u0026#8217;s eVinci nuclear microreactor as the foundation for the FNPP. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Westinghouse, eVinci is capable of operating for eight years without refueling. That reliability, as well as the flexibility of shipping deployment, will make it a potent energy source.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFloating reactors have the potential to alter our relationship with nuclear power, as they provide a highly transportable source of cost-effective nuclear power. According to CORE POWER, this flexibility will be crucial for governments to reach their net zero goals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-no-net-zero-without-nuclear\"\u003e\u0026#8220;No net zero without nuclear\u0026#8221;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFNPPs will allow operators to deploy nuclear microreactors to areas that would otherwise be underserved. They could also send more reactors as needed to areas where demand is high. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy operating offshore, these floating reactors are also safe from tsunamis, earthquakes, and other natural disasters. Thus, they can preemptively prevent nuclear disasters like the one seen \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-retrieves-melted-fuel-from-fukushima-reactor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ein Fukushima\u003c/a\u003e, Japan, following the 2012 earthquake and tsunami in the region.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company claims its eVinci nuclear microreactor is perfectly suited to this type of transportability. It requires very little maintenance. What\u0026#8217;s more, it can operate for up to eight years at full capacity without refueling.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnder the agreement, Westinghouse Electric Company will also utilize its proprietary heat pipe technology. This technology improves reliability and enables a non-pressurized method for passively transferring heat from the nuclear core to a power conversion system. This removes the need for water cooling and complex systems. CORE POWER will bring its expertise with floating power plant solutions to the table.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“There’s no net zero without nuclear,\u0026#8221; Mikal Bøe, CEO of CORE POWER explained in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20241125066795/en/Westinghouse-and-CORE-POWER-Partner-for-Floating-Nuclear-Power-Plants-Using-eVinci%E2%84%A2-Microreactors\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress statement\u003c/a\u003e. \u0026#8220;A long series of identical turnkey power plants using multiple installations of the Westinghouse eVinci microreactor delivered by sea, creates a real opportunity to scale nuclear as the perfect solution to meet the rapidly growing demand for clean, flexible and reliable electricity delivered on time and on budget.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Our unique partnership with Westinghouse is a game changer for how customers buy nuclear energy,” he continued.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Small Modular Reactors Are Shaping the Future of Energy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6KUuUh8uaLo?start=361\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-evinci-microreactor\"\u003eThe eVinci microreactor\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company\u0026#8217;s eVinci microreactor essentially works as a battery, the company says. It is fully assembled in the factory and can be easily shipped in a container. The machine has very few moving parts and can be used for power systems ranging from just a few kilowatts to five megawatts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eeVinvi is also capable of producing high-temperature heat for industrial applications, including the production of hydrogen fuel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“With this groundbreaking agreement, we will demonstrate the viability of the eVinci technology for innovative use cases where power is needed in remote locations or in areas with land limitations,” said Jon Ball, President of eVinci Technologies at Westinghouse. “We look forward to our partnership with CORE POWER, bringing the unique advantages of eVinci microreactors to maritime and coastal applications, potentially even paving the way for future disaster relief efforts.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company has a strong track record, having supplied the world’s first commercial pressurized water reactor in 1957. The firm also says its technology forms the basis for almost half of all operating nuclear plants worldwide. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn September, the company \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/evinci-milestone-microreactor-ready-for-testing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eannounced\u003c/a\u003e it had successfully completed the Front-End Engineering and Experimenting Design (FEEED) phase of the eVinci microreactor. That milestone paves the way for testing of a 5MW microreactor within two years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMany believe nuclear energy will be crucial to bridge the gap as government\u0026#8217;s worldwide scale their renewable energy infrastructure. As such, other firms like the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/seaborg-producing-thousands-cheap-floating-nuclear-reactors\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eUS\u0026#8217;s Seaborg\u003c/a\u003e, are also looking to build large fleets of floating reactors to provide the energy we need to move away from fossil fuels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4b:T4f3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFloating reactors have the potential to alter our relationship with nuclear power, as they provide a highly transportable source of cost-effective nuclear power. According to CORE POWER, this flexibility will be crucial for governments to reach their net zero goals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-no-net-zero-without-nuclear\"\u003e\u0026#8220;No net zero without nuclear\u0026#8221;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFNPPs will allow operators to deploy nuclear microreactors to areas that would otherwise be underserved. They could also send more reactors as needed to areas where demand is high. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy operating offshore, these floating reactors are also safe from tsunamis, earthquakes, and other natural disasters. Thus, they can preemptively prevent nuclear disasters like the one seen \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-retrieves-melted-fuel-from-fukushima-reactor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ein Fukushima\u003c/a\u003e, Japan, following the 2012 earthquake and tsunami in the region.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company claims its eVinci nuclear microreactor is perfectly suited to this type of transportability. It requires very little maintenance. What\u0026#8217;s more, it can operate for up to eight years at full capacity without refueling.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4c:T456,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnder the agreement, Westinghouse Electric Company will also utilize its proprietary heat pipe technology. This technology improves reliability and enables a non-pressurized method for passively transferring heat from the nuclear core to a power conversion system. This removes the need for water cooling and complex systems. CORE POWER will bring its expertise with floating power plant solutions to the table.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“There’s no net zero without nuclear,\u0026#8221; Mikal Bøe, CEO of CORE POWER explained in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20241125066795/en/Westinghouse-and-CORE-POWER-Partner-for-Floating-Nuclear-Power-Plants-Using-eVinci%E2%84%A2-Microreactors\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress statement\u003c/a\u003e. \u0026#8220;A long series of identical turnkey power plants using multiple installations of the Westinghouse eVinci microreactor delivered by sea, creates a real opportunity to scale nuclear as the perfect solution to meet the rapidly growing demand for clean, flexible and reliable electricity delivered on time and on budget.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4d:T6e1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Our unique partnership with Westinghouse is a game changer for how customers buy nuclear energy,” he continued.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Small Modular Reactors Are Shaping the Future of Energy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6KUuUh8uaLo?start=361\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-evinci-microreactor\"\u003eThe eVinci microreactor\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company\u0026#8217;s eVinci microreactor essentially works as a battery, the company says. It is fully assembled in the factory and can be easily shipped in a container. The machine has very few moving parts and can be used for power systems ranging from just a few kilowatts to five megawatts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eeVinvi is also capable of producing high-temperature heat for industrial applications, including the production of hydrogen fuel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“With this groundbreaking agreement, we will demonstrate the viability of the eVinci technology for innovative use cases where power is needed in remote locations or in areas with land limitations,” said Jon Ball, President of eVinci Technologies at Westinghouse. “We look forward to our partnership with CORE POWER, bringing the unique advantages of eVinci microreactors to maritime and coastal applications, potentially even paving the way for future disaster relief efforts.”\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4e:T46c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company has a strong track record, having supplied the world’s first commercial pressurized water reactor in 1957. The firm also says its technology forms the basis for almost half of all operating nuclear plants worldwide. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn September, the company \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/evinci-milestone-microreactor-ready-for-testing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eannounced\u003c/a\u003e it had successfully completed the Front-End Engineering and Experimenting Design (FEEED) phase of the eVinci microreactor. That milestone paves the way for testing of a 5MW microreactor within two years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMany believe nuclear energy will be crucial to bridge the gap as government\u0026#8217;s worldwide scale their renewable energy infrastructure. As such, other firms like the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/seaborg-producing-thousands-cheap-floating-nuclear-reactors\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eUS\u0026#8217;s Seaborg\u003c/a\u003e, are also looking to build large fleets of floating reactors to provide the energy we need to move away from fossil fuels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"4f:T1c78,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eEV game-changer: Next-gen Blade battery from BYD to launch in 2025\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Cao Shuang revealed that BYD is planning to release the next generation of Blade batteries for EVs in 2025.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"EV game-changer: Next-gen Blade battery from BYD to launch in 2025\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cao Shuang revealed that BYD is planning to release the next generation of Blade batteries for EVs in 2025.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:05:49+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:05:57+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-97.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 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Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"50:T10bb,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eChina’s electric vehicle manufacturer BYD has announced its intentions to release its new Blade battery design in 2025.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe same was revealed by Cao Shuang, General Manager of BYD\u0026#8217;s Automotive Sales Division for Central Asia, at the 29\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP29).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eShuang revealed that the company is planning to release the next generation of Blade batteries for EVs in 2025, as per him the new model is expected to offer an extended lifespan, alongside enhancing the driving range of the EVs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is expected that the second-generation Blade battery will build on the less bulky first model lithium-iron-phosphate battery the company had launched in 2020.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first model Blade battery had reportedly been considered safer, and non-flammable as compared to the other offerings in the market for powering EVs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eWhat makes BYD’s Blade batteries better?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBYD \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/byd-says-it-will-launch-new-generation-blade-batteries-next-year-2024-11-25/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estates\u003c/a\u003e that its Blade battery uses Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP), which has undergone testing through the nail penetration method.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the nail penetration test, a nail is driven through the center of the battery cell until it penetrates to the other side, causing a short circuit inside the battery cell.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBYD had \u003ca href=\"https://www.bydbdautogroup.com/en/byd-blade-battery-en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eearlier reported\u003c/a\u003e that its Blade battery had demonstrated higher safety standards in the test as compared to Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide and Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide batteries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts design resembles that of a blade, making it thinner and longer than conventional batteries. This design enables Blade batteries to dissipate heat more quickly than typical rectangular cell batteries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the event of a short circuit within a cell, it does not affect other cells, thus preventing continuous electrical short circuits, as per the company.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the biggest advantages of the Blade battery is that it is designed using cell-to-pack technology (CTP). It means each cell can be directly packed without the need for module packing, allowing for more cells to be added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, it can also enhance the structural strength of the EVs by serving as a reinforcement material for their frames.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-additional-benefits\"\u003eAdditional benefits\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company also states that the Blade batteries have lower production costs compared to NMC (Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide) battery.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts decomposition temperature is around 518 degree Fahrenheit (270 degree Celsius) as compared to the NMC’s 410 degree Fahrenheit (210 degree Celsius) and NCA’s 302 degree Fahrenheit (150 degree Celsius).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe higher decomposition temperature makes it safer for use. Moreover, once damaged the LFP Blade battery releases less heat \u0026#8211; approximately 200 J/g, whereas NMC and NCA batteries can release up to 600 and 900 J/g of heat, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA report by South Korean publication \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/2024-11-25/business/industry/BYD-confident-it-can-extinguish-Koreas-EV-fire-fears-with-Blade-battery/2185662\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eKorea JoongAng Daily\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e mentions that BYD is pitching Blade \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/apple-byd-long-range-ev-battery-success\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebatteries\u003c/a\u003e as a viable alternative for powering EVs in the Asian country.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe report states the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/uber-partners-byd-evs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eChinese\u003c/a\u003e manufacturer is presenting it as a safe option to help curtail the fear in the minds of the consumers which resulted from a number of EV battery fires reported in the country.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company is planning its official debut in the Korean market in January 2025.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"51:T5e5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is expected that the second-generation Blade battery will build on the less bulky first model lithium-iron-phosphate battery the company had launched in 2020.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first model Blade battery had reportedly been considered safer, and non-flammable as compared to the other offerings in the market for powering EVs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eWhat makes BYD’s Blade batteries better?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBYD \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/byd-says-it-will-launch-new-generation-blade-batteries-next-year-2024-11-25/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estates\u003c/a\u003e that its Blade battery uses Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP), which has undergone testing through the nail penetration method.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the nail penetration test, a nail is driven through the center of the battery cell until it penetrates to the other side, causing a short circuit inside the battery cell.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBYD had \u003ca href=\"https://www.bydbdautogroup.com/en/byd-blade-battery-en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eearlier reported\u003c/a\u003e that its Blade battery had demonstrated higher safety standards in the test as compared to Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide and Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide batteries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts design resembles that of a blade, making it thinner and longer than conventional batteries. This design enables Blade batteries to dissipate heat more quickly than typical rectangular cell batteries.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"52:T4c4,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe higher decomposition temperature makes it safer for use. Moreover, once damaged the LFP Blade battery releases less heat \u0026#8211; approximately 200 J/g, whereas NMC and NCA batteries can release up to 600 and 900 J/g of heat, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA report by South Korean publication \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/2024-11-25/business/industry/BYD-confident-it-can-extinguish-Koreas-EV-fire-fears-with-Blade-battery/2185662\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eKorea JoongAng Daily\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e mentions that BYD is pitching Blade \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/apple-byd-long-range-ev-battery-success\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebatteries\u003c/a\u003e as a viable alternative for powering EVs in the Asian country.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe report states the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/uber-partners-byd-evs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eChinese\u003c/a\u003e manufacturer is presenting it as a safe option to help curtail the fear in the minds of the consumers which resulted from a number of EV battery fires reported in the country.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company is planning its official debut in the Korean market in January 2025.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"53:T2012,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eChina’s robot dog jumps like cat with AI power to explore asteroids\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Chinese researchers created an AI-powered robot that leaps across asteroid surfaces, adjusting its posture mid-air to enhance exploration.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-robot-dog-jumps-to-explore-asteroid-surfaces\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"China’s robot dog jumps like cat with AI power to explore asteroids\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Chinese researchers created an AI-powered robot that leaps across asteroid surfaces, adjusting its posture mid-air to enhance exploration.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-robot-dog-jumps-to-explore-asteroid-surfaces\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-27T13:08:18+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-27T13:08:25+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-27T152519.346.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" 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content=\"2024-11-27T13:08:18+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"54:T1745,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eChinese researchers have created an AI-powered robot dog capable of leaping across the rugged, low-gravity surfaces of asteroids.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eInspired by a cat\u0026#8217;s ability to twist and land on its paws, researchers from the Harbin Institute of Technology developed a robot using reinforcement learning.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to a Chinese online media outlet, instead of relying on heavy stabilization hardware, the robot employs a \u0026#8220;model-free\u0026#8221; control system to swing its four legs in coordinated motion. Such a design allows the robot to adjust its posture mid-air, correct tilt, and even reorient to face a new direction.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe advancement could transform how small celestial bodies are explored, offering new possibilities for space exploration and enhancing our understanding of these distant objects.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-low-gravity-innovation\"\u003eLow-gravity innovation\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eJumping into low-gravity situations is a significant difficulty in the robotic exploration of minor celestial planets that the current work addresses.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese planets, which are relics of the solar system\u0026#8217;s creation, are rich in resources like platinum that may help with future space research and provide important insights into the system\u0026#8217;s origins. However, conventional wheeled rovers face major challenges due to the minimal gravity, which is often only a few thousandths of Earth\u0026#8217;s, as they find it difficult to get traction.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to the South China Morning Post ( SCMP), to address this, researchers have developed a robot capable of adjusting its posture mid-air during jumps, using reinforcement learning. Unlike traditional systems that rely on heavy stabilization hardware, this robot uses a \u0026#8220;model-free\u0026#8221; control system, swinging its four legs in a coordinated motion. This allows it to correct its tilt and even reorient itself to adjust its trajectory.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How are robots built?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/oHKCwyUa2rg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team concentrated on resolving the issue of leg force imbalances, which can result in collisions, uncontrollable spinning, or the robot bouncing off the ground. Using air suspension technology, they developed a microgravity simulation platform to test their control technique and ensure the robot could safely land, modify its yaw for subsequent leaps, or correct altitude deviations during free fall.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNo mission has yet to send out a rover that can conduct long-term surface exploration despite the fact that space agencies have successfully landed spacecraft on asteroids to recover samples. According to SCMP, the success of these jumping robots has the potential to transform asteroid exploration, opening up new avenues for research into these extinct asteroids and improving the use of space resources.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-stabilizing-jumps\"\u003eStabilizing jumps\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team developed a robot capable of stabilizing itself during jumps on low-gravity celestial bodies. In these environments, each jump can keep a robot airborne for up to 10 seconds, enough time for slight imbalances in leg force to lead to uncontrolled \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/astronomers-observe-neutron-star-spinning-fast\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003espinning\u003c/a\u003e or even cause the robot to drift into space.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTo address this, the team used reinforcement learning, specifically proximal policy optimization, to train the robot in a virtual simulation. Over seven hours, the AI learned to refine its movements for stable landings, correcting its pitch, roll, and yaw within seconds.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFor example, when launched with a steep forward tilt of 140 degrees, the robot stabilized in just eight seconds and could rotate mid-air by up to 90 degrees to reorient itself, reports \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3288131/robot-jumps-and-lands-cat-it-could-be-used-explore-asteroids\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Could we stop an extinction-level asteroid?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6q8tMw3EQLI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers constructed a microgravity simulation platform with air bearings to replicate the low-gravity conditions seen on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003easteroids\u003c/a\u003e and evaluate the system. Thanks to this configuration, the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/engineers-create-robots-function-without-electricity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erobot\u003c/a\u003e was able to float on an almost frictionless surface, and the outcomes validated the simulation and the efficacy of the control method.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe robot is well-suited for deep-space exploration because of its lightweight, energy-efficient design and low onboard processing power requirements. Although the system has great potential for asteroid mining and scientific research, further work is required to make it more terrain-adaptable.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"55:T459,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-low-gravity-innovation\"\u003eLow-gravity innovation\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eJumping into low-gravity situations is a significant difficulty in the robotic exploration of minor celestial planets that the current work addresses.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese planets, which are relics of the solar system\u0026#8217;s creation, are rich in resources like platinum that may help with future space research and provide important insights into the system\u0026#8217;s origins. However, conventional wheeled rovers face major challenges due to the minimal gravity, which is often only a few thousandths of Earth\u0026#8217;s, as they find it difficult to get traction.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to the South China Morning Post ( SCMP), to address this, researchers have developed a robot capable of adjusting its posture mid-air during jumps, using reinforcement learning. Unlike traditional systems that rely on heavy stabilization hardware, this robot uses a \u0026#8220;model-free\u0026#8221; control system, swinging its four legs in a coordinated motion. This allows it to correct its tilt and even reorient itself to adjust its trajectory.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"56:T9ed,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How are robots built?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/oHKCwyUa2rg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team concentrated on resolving the issue of leg force imbalances, which can result in collisions, uncontrollable spinning, or the robot bouncing off the ground. Using air suspension technology, they developed a microgravity simulation platform to test their control technique and ensure the robot could safely land, modify its yaw for subsequent leaps, or correct altitude deviations during free fall.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNo mission has yet to send out a rover that can conduct long-term surface exploration despite the fact that space agencies have successfully landed spacecraft on asteroids to recover samples. According to SCMP, the success of these jumping robots has the potential to transform asteroid exploration, opening up new avenues for research into these extinct asteroids and improving the use of space resources.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-stabilizing-jumps\"\u003eStabilizing jumps\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team developed a robot capable of stabilizing itself during jumps on low-gravity celestial bodies. In these environments, each jump can keep a robot airborne for up to 10 seconds, enough time for slight imbalances in leg force to lead to uncontrolled \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/astronomers-observe-neutron-star-spinning-fast\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003espinning\u003c/a\u003e or even cause the robot to drift into space.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTo address this, the team used reinforcement learning, specifically proximal policy optimization, to train the robot in a virtual simulation. Over seven hours, the AI learned to refine its movements for stable landings, correcting its pitch, roll, and yaw within seconds.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFor example, when launched with a steep forward tilt of 140 degrees, the robot stabilized in just eight seconds and could rotate mid-air by up to 90 degrees to reorient itself, reports \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3288131/robot-jumps-and-lands-cat-it-could-be-used-explore-asteroids\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"57:T5c7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Could we stop an extinction-level asteroid?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6q8tMw3EQLI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers constructed a microgravity simulation platform with air bearings to replicate the low-gravity conditions seen on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003easteroids\u003c/a\u003e and evaluate the system. Thanks to this configuration, the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/engineers-create-robots-function-without-electricity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erobot\u003c/a\u003e was able to float on an almost frictionless surface, and the outcomes validated the simulation and the efficacy of the control method.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe robot is well-suited for deep-space exploration because of its lightweight, energy-efficient design and low onboard processing power requirements. Although the system has great potential for asteroid mining and scientific research, further work is required to make it more terrain-adaptable.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"58:T1f71,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew tech makes water from air at low temperatures with less emission\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University have developed a liquid moisture adsorbent that efficiently desorbs water at just 95°F from air.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/efficient-water-harvesting-from-air\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New tech makes water from air at low temperatures with less emission\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University have developed a liquid moisture adsorbent that efficiently desorbs water at just 95°F from air.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/efficient-water-harvesting-from-air\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-27T12:05:44+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-27T12:05:51+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-Photo-68.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Sujita Sinha\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sujita Sinha\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/efficient-water-harvesting-from-air#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/efficient-water-harvesting-from-air\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Sujita Sinha\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/78c2214b57e99edf55d54e28e5313455\"},\"headline\":\"New air-to-water converter works at low temperatures with reduced emissions\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-27T12:05:44+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-27T12:05:51+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/efficient-water-harvesting-from-air\"},\"wordCount\":539,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-Photo-68.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Water molecules in vapor are drawn to a water-loving polymer in a copolymer solution. 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These technologies play a crucial role in ensuring a more comfortable and sustainable future for humanity. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team has made the desorption process of water-adsorption polymers more efficient. This breakthrough addresses a key challenge in atmospheric water harvesting and desiccant air conditioning systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-efficient-desorption-from-air-at-lower-temperatures\"\u003eEfficient desorption from air at lower temperatures\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWater-adsorption polymers are essential in many atmospheric \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/portable-air-to-drinking-water-converter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ewater\u003c/a\u003e harvesting systems and air conditioning units. However, a major challenge has been the need for high temperatures—around 212°F (100°C)—to remove the water from these polymers so they can be reused. This requirement consumes a lot of energy and limits their practical use.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Osaka Metropolitan University team developed a liquid moisture adsorbent which requires only around 95° Fahrenheit (35°C) temperature to desorb the water. The team was led by Graduate School of Engineering student Daisuke Ikegawa, Assistant Professor Arisa Fukatsu, Associate Professor Kenji Okada, and Professor Masahide Takahashi.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis breakthrough could make these systems more energy-efficient and widely applicable, particularly in areas with limited energy resources.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe key to this innovation lies in the combination of two types of copolymers: polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polypropylene glycol (PPG). PEG is highly effective at adsorbing water, while PPG adsorbs water slightly less efficiently. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers used a mixture of these two materials. This created a transfer mechanism that breaks down water clusters, making it easier to release the water from the polymer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-applications-for-a-sustainable-future\"\u003eApplications for a sustainable future\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team\u0026#8217;s findings could have significant impacts on various sectors, especially in regions with \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/crystals-extract-water-from-air\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003escarce water\u003c/a\u003e resources. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This technology has the potential to be applied not only to water supply in arid regions and places with limited energy resources, but also to ensuring access to water in times of disaster and emergency,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.omu.ac.jp/en/info/research-news/entry-67369.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e Fukatsu.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition to providing clean water in underserved areas, its benefits extend beyond that. It could also play a crucial role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The new system is designed to operate with significantly less energy compared to traditional methods which harvest water from air. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs a result, it can contribute to a reduction in the carbon footprint associated with both \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/ces-2024/worlds-first-home-air-to-water-generator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ewater harvesting\u003c/a\u003e and dehumidification processes. By using less energy, the system not only helps in improving water accessibility but also supports the global effort to mitigate climate change.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eProfessor Takahashi \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1065873\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eadded\u003c/a\u003e, “Improvements to this technology are also expected to lead to reductions in greenhouse gases and more efficient use of water resources. From now on, we will aim to improve the liquid moisture adsorbent and increase the efficiency of the entire system in order to make it practical.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-potential-for-widespread-impact\"\u003ePotential for widespread impact\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis marks a major step forward in the field of atmospheric water harvesting and energy-efficient air conditioning. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs the technology continues to improve, it holds the potential to revolutionize the way we gather water from air. This is particularly true in areas where water is scarce and energy resources are limited.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research was \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00775\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epublished\u003c/a\u003e in the journal \u003cem\u003eACS ES\u0026amp;T Water\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"WaterCube 100: Revolutionizing Fresh Water Access\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/OuG7OSPJZiw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5a:T55f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-efficient-desorption-from-air-at-lower-temperatures\"\u003eEfficient desorption from air at lower temperatures\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWater-adsorption polymers are essential in many atmospheric \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/portable-air-to-drinking-water-converter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ewater\u003c/a\u003e harvesting systems and air conditioning units. However, a major challenge has been the need for high temperatures—around 212°F (100°C)—to remove the water from these polymers so they can be reused. This requirement consumes a lot of energy and limits their practical use.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Osaka Metropolitan University team developed a liquid moisture adsorbent which requires only around 95° Fahrenheit (35°C) temperature to desorb the water. The team was led by Graduate School of Engineering student Daisuke Ikegawa, Assistant Professor Arisa Fukatsu, Associate Professor Kenji Okada, and Professor Masahide Takahashi.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis breakthrough could make these systems more energy-efficient and widely applicable, particularly in areas with limited energy resources.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe key to this innovation lies in the combination of two types of copolymers: polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polypropylene glycol (PPG). PEG is highly effective at adsorbing water, while PPG adsorbs water slightly less efficiently. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5b:T68b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers used a mixture of these two materials. This created a transfer mechanism that breaks down water clusters, making it easier to release the water from the polymer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-applications-for-a-sustainable-future\"\u003eApplications for a sustainable future\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team\u0026#8217;s findings could have significant impacts on various sectors, especially in regions with \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/crystals-extract-water-from-air\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003escarce water\u003c/a\u003e resources. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This technology has the potential to be applied not only to water supply in arid regions and places with limited energy resources, but also to ensuring access to water in times of disaster and emergency,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.omu.ac.jp/en/info/research-news/entry-67369.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e Fukatsu.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition to providing clean water in underserved areas, its benefits extend beyond that. It could also play a crucial role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The new system is designed to operate with significantly less energy compared to traditional methods which harvest water from air. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs a result, it can contribute to a reduction in the carbon footprint associated with both \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/ces-2024/worlds-first-home-air-to-water-generator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ewater harvesting\u003c/a\u003e and dehumidification processes. By using less energy, the system not only helps in improving water accessibility but also supports the global effort to mitigate climate change.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5c:T67c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eProfessor Takahashi \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1065873\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eadded\u003c/a\u003e, “Improvements to this technology are also expected to lead to reductions in greenhouse gases and more efficient use of water resources. From now on, we will aim to improve the liquid moisture adsorbent and increase the efficiency of the entire system in order to make it practical.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-potential-for-widespread-impact\"\u003ePotential for widespread impact\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis marks a major step forward in the field of atmospheric water harvesting and energy-efficient air conditioning. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs the technology continues to improve, it holds the potential to revolutionize the way we gather water from air. This is particularly true in areas where water is scarce and energy resources are limited.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research was \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00775\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epublished\u003c/a\u003e in the journal \u003cem\u003eACS ES\u0026amp;T Water\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"WaterCube 100: Revolutionizing Fresh Water Access\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/OuG7OSPJZiw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5d:T1fab,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eRobots get ‘syllabus’ to start teaching each other, no humans needed\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"RoVi-Aug enables robots to autonomously share skills across models, boosting efficiency and success rates by 30% without human intervention.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-syllabus-boosts-robot-efficiency\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Robots get ‘syllabus’ to start teaching each other, no humans needed\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"RoVi-Aug enables robots to autonomously share skills across models, boosting efficiency and success rates by 30% without human intervention.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-syllabus-boosts-robot-efficiency\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-27T10:26:35+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-27T10:26:42+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" 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content=\"2024-11-27T10:26:35+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5e:T1804,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eEngineers have created an innovative framework that enables robots to share skills across models autonomously.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNamed RoVi-Aug, it eliminates the need for human intervention in the learning process, simplifying robotic training.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePhysical tests reveal that RoVi-Aug trains on enhanced data to work instantly with new robots, regardless of camera angles. Unlike others, it skips extra test-time steps, adapts policies, and learns multi-robot tasks. This boosts skill transfer efficiency and raises success rates by up to 30 percent.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to the UC Berkeley team, the approach marks a significant step toward developing more independent and adaptable robots.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-adaptive-data-scaling\"\u003eAdaptive data scaling\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearch shows that scaling up data improves robots’ ability to learn general and reliable skills. However, robot data is far smaller than those used in advanced AI models for vision and language. Collecting diverse and useful real-world robot data is slow, labor-intensive, and challenging to balance for adaptable training.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eExisting models like the Open-X Embodiment (OXE) project combine data from 60 robot datasets to enhance cross-robot learning. This approach helps robots share experiences, improving their capabilities.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to researchers, the dataset needs to be more balanced, dominated by specific robots like Franka and xArm, and needs diverse camera angles. This causes models to overfit and require adjustments when used with different robots or viewpoints.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"9 Humanoid Robots That Are Shaping the Future of Work\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/NIjJ00HYCcM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo address this, the Mirage algorithm adapts unseen \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/engineers-create-robots-function-without-electricity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erobots\u003c/a\u003e by “cross-painting,” making them appear like those in training. While effective for zero-shot learning, Mirage has drawbacks: it needs accurate robot models, doesn’t support fine-tuning, and struggles with large \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-camera-obstacle-detection\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecamera\u003c/a\u003e changes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUC Berkeley\u0026#8217;s work presents RoVi-Aug, an advanced approach to overcoming the shortcomings of existing robot learning techniques.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRoVi-Aug concentrates on explicitly teaching models to comprehend the interaction between robots and tasks within the data, in contrast to conventional methods that naively co-train on merged datasets from numerous robots.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-advancing-robot-training\"\u003eAdvancing robot training\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new framework creates synthetic visual demonstrations that vary by robot type and camera angles, making training more versatile. It includes two main parts: the robot augmentation (Ro-Aug) module, which generates demonstrations with different robotic systems, and the viewpoint augmentation (Vi-Aug) module, which simulates demonstrations from various camera perspectives. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy combining these modules, the framework provides a richer, more diverse training dataset. This approach allows robots to learn from a broader range of scenarios, improving their ability to transfer skills efficiently between different models and tasks while reducing the need for extensive real-world data collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe method also lessens the requirement for intensive real-world data collecting while enabling robots to learn from a wider variety of circumstances, enhancing their capacity to transfer skills effectively between various models and jobs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How are robots built?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/oHKCwyUa2rg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to researchers, the approach enhances the robustness and generalizability of policies to handle different robot visuals and camera angles during training, eliminating reliance on precise test-time adjustments like cross-\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-paint-can-heat-and-cool-buildings-reducing-energy-use\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epainting\u003c/a\u003e pipelines.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUnlike methods such as Mirage, RoVi-Aug does not require known camera matrices and supports policy fine-tuning, which significantly enhances performance in complex tasks.RoVi-Aug enhances the sample efficiency of fine-tuning while facilitating the learning of multi-robot and multi-task policies by co-training on both original and augmented datasets.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAlthough RoVi-Aug bridges robot datasets and improves skill transfer, researchers note that it has drawbacks. Future research could address background changes, improve viewpoint synthesis with robotics data, unify robot-pair models, and improve artifact handling. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGeneralization may be further enhanced by extending to different grippers, such as multi-fingered hands, and integrating with object and task augmentation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe details of the UC Berkeley team\u0026#8217;s \u003ca href=\"https://autolab.berkeley.edu/assets/publications/media/2024_CoRL_RoVi-aug_camera_ready.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eresearch\u003c/a\u003e were pre-published on \u003cem\u003eArXiv\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5f:T7e5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-adaptive-data-scaling\"\u003eAdaptive data scaling\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearch shows that scaling up data improves robots’ ability to learn general and reliable skills. However, robot data is far smaller than those used in advanced AI models for vision and language. Collecting diverse and useful real-world robot data is slow, labor-intensive, and challenging to balance for adaptable training.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eExisting models like the Open-X Embodiment (OXE) project combine data from 60 robot datasets to enhance cross-robot learning. This approach helps robots share experiences, improving their capabilities.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to researchers, the dataset needs to be more balanced, dominated by specific robots like Franka and xArm, and needs diverse camera angles. This causes models to overfit and require adjustments when used with different robots or viewpoints.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"9 Humanoid Robots That Are Shaping the Future of Work\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/NIjJ00HYCcM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo address this, the Mirage algorithm adapts unseen \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/engineers-create-robots-function-without-electricity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erobots\u003c/a\u003e by “cross-painting,” making them appear like those in training. While effective for zero-shot learning, Mirage has drawbacks: it needs accurate robot models, doesn’t support fine-tuning, and struggles with large \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-camera-obstacle-detection\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecamera\u003c/a\u003e changes.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"60:T4a3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUC Berkeley\u0026#8217;s work presents RoVi-Aug, an advanced approach to overcoming the shortcomings of existing robot learning techniques.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRoVi-Aug concentrates on explicitly teaching models to comprehend the interaction between robots and tasks within the data, in contrast to conventional methods that naively co-train on merged datasets from numerous robots.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-advancing-robot-training\"\u003eAdvancing robot training\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new framework creates synthetic visual demonstrations that vary by robot type and camera angles, making training more versatile. It includes two main parts: the robot augmentation (Ro-Aug) module, which generates demonstrations with different robotic systems, and the viewpoint augmentation (Vi-Aug) module, which simulates demonstrations from various camera perspectives. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy combining these modules, the framework provides a richer, more diverse training dataset. This approach allows robots to learn from a broader range of scenarios, improving their ability to transfer skills efficiently between different models and tasks while reducing the need for extensive real-world data collection.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"61:T71a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe method also lessens the requirement for intensive real-world data collecting while enabling robots to learn from a wider variety of circumstances, enhancing their capacity to transfer skills effectively between various models and jobs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How are robots built?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/oHKCwyUa2rg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to researchers, the approach enhances the robustness and generalizability of policies to handle different robot visuals and camera angles during training, eliminating reliance on precise test-time adjustments like cross-\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-paint-can-heat-and-cool-buildings-reducing-energy-use\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epainting\u003c/a\u003e pipelines.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUnlike methods such as Mirage, RoVi-Aug does not require known camera matrices and supports policy fine-tuning, which significantly enhances performance in complex tasks.RoVi-Aug enhances the sample efficiency of fine-tuning while facilitating the learning of multi-robot and multi-task policies by co-training on both original and augmented datasets.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAlthough RoVi-Aug bridges robot datasets and improves skill transfer, researchers note that it has drawbacks. Future research could address background changes, improve viewpoint synthesis with robotics data, unify robot-pair models, and improve artifact handling. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"62:T1cd8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eJ-35A vs F-35: Comparing the world’s deadliest stealth fighters\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore the J-35A\u0026#039;s design, features, and capabilities in direct comparison with the F-35, which is at the forefront of fifth-generation air combat.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/f-35-vs-j-35a-fighter-jet-comparison\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"J-35A vs F-35: Comparing the world’s deadliest stealth fighters\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Explore the J-35A\u0026#039;s design, features, and capabilities in direct comparison with the F-35, which is at the forefront of fifth-generation air combat.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/f-35-vs-j-35a-fighter-jet-comparison\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T23:23:44+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T23:23:53+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-mach-4.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Kaif Shaikh\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kaif Shaikh\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/f-35-vs-j-35a-fighter-jet-comparison#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/f-35-vs-j-35a-fighter-jet-comparison\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kaif Shaikh\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/d2e1ddbaa255c54b9f13b61223f7ed65\"},\"headline\":\"F-35 vs. J-35A: Breaking down the features and specs of top fifth-generation jets\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T23:23:44+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T23:23:53+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/f-35-vs-j-35a-fighter-jet-comparison\"},\"wordCount\":1820,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-mach-4.png\",\"caption\":\"\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-mach-4.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Aircraft\",\"China\",\"Defense \u0026amp; 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This event showcased a range of aircraft, drones, and munitions. It highlighted the significant advancements of the People\u0026#8217;s Liberation Army (PLA) and PLA Air Force (PLAAF) in modern air combat capabilities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAmidst various hardware, the J-35A stood out, drawing immediate comparisons to the American Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II, one of the most advanced and widely adopted fighters globally. Both aircraft represent the pinnacle of stealth technology and are designed to meet the rigorous demands of contemporary warfare. However, despite their apparent similarities in design and purpose, the J-35A and F-35 embody distinct strategic priorities and technological paths shaped by the unique defense needs of China and the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"634\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-mach-3-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-123405\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-mach-3-1.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-mach-3-1.png?resize=300,99 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-mach-3-1.png?resize=768,254 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-mach-3-1.png?resize=1536,507 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA side-by-side comparison of the American F-35 (Left) and the Chinese J-35A (Right) \u0026#8211; Sources: \u003ca href=\"https://www.dvidshub.net/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e1\u003c/a\u003e,\u003ca href=\"https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/world/2024/11/11/chinas-j-35a-stealth-fighter-is-black-box-despite-splashy-debut/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e2\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis article compares these fighters against each other, exploring their design, performance, and role within their respective military frameworks. By comparing these advanced jets, we aim to understand their technological capabilities and the broader implications of their development in the context of global military dynamics and cybersecurity concerns.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-background-and-strategic-positioning-of-the-j-35a-stealth-fighter\"\u003eBackground and strategic positioning of the J-35A stealth fighter\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe J-35A, originating from the Shenyang Aircraft Corporation\u0026#8217;s FC-31 technology demonstrator, represents a significant evolution in \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chinas-new-jet-afterburner-99-efficiency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eChinese military aviation technology\u003c/a\u003e. Initially conceptualized as a potential export without direct PLA support, the FC-31 underwent substantial modifications to meet the stringent requirements of modern air combat, showcasing its capabilities through various prototypes first flown in 2012 and 2016.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy the mid-to-late 2010s, the design caught the PLA Navy\u0026#8217;s (PLAN) attention, which led to its development into a carrier-borne fifth-generation fighter, tentatively named the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/j-35-china-next-gen-stealth-fighter-jet\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eJ-35\u003c/a\u003e. The first prototype, flown in October 2021, featured notable enhancements such as an enlarged folding wing, reinforced landing gear, and a catapult launch bar. These modifications, along with an enhanced dorsal fuselage hump and sophisticated sensor array, indicated a mature design aimed at carrier operations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the past, the PLA Air Force (PLAAF) showed interest in adapting this advanced platform for land-based operations. By 2023, emerging prototypes with adaptations such as a reduced wingspan pointed to specific modifications tailored to the PLAAF\u0026#8217;s operational needs. This version was officially designated as the J-35A during the Zhuhai Airshow 2024, coinciding with the PLAAF\u0026#8217;s 75th anniversary.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe J-35A and its variants often draw comparisons to the United States\u0026#8217; F-35, reflecting shared design features typical of medium-sized, fifth-generation fighters, such as dual-side air intakes and similar wing and tail configurations.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile these similarities have sparked discussions about potential espionage and technology transfer—particularly in the context of alleged Chinese cyber operations targeting F-35 data—the convergence seen in other contemporary fighters like the KF-21 and AMCA suggests that these design traits may be driven more by a pursuit of optimal aerodynamic and operational solutions than by direct copying.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe J-35A is strategically positioned within the PLAAF as a versatile, medium-weight complement to the heavier J-20, expanding \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-reveals-mysterious-6th-gen-fighter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eChina\u0026#8217;s fleet of fifth-generation fighters\u003c/a\u003e. This development strategy aligns with the varied operational requirements of the Chinese military, from achieving air superiority to conducting precise strike missions. The F-35, in its role, continues to be a central asset for the U.S. and its allies, providing a critical blend of stealth, advanced sensor integration, and multi-role capabilities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, China\u0026#8217;s military advancements include the operation of another stealth fighter, the J-20 air superiority aircraft, and the ongoing development of the H-20 flying wing stealth bomber, as reported in a \u003ca href=\"https://media.defense.gov/2023/Oct/19/2003323409/-1/-1/1/2023-MILITARY-AND-SECURITY-DEVELOPMENTS-INVOLVING-THE-PEOPLES-REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA.PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e2023 Pentagon document\u003c/a\u003e on China\u0026#8217;s military forces.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-design-comparison-of-j-35a-and-f-35-fighter-jets-nbsp\"\u003eDesign comparison of J-35A and F-35 fighter jets\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-stealth-and-airframe-design\"\u003eStealth and airframe design\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoth the J-35A and the F-35 are engineered with an emphasis on low-observable, stealth technology, which is evident in their sleek and smooth airframes. These designs are crucial for minimizing radar cross-section (RCS) and enhancing operational efficacy by staying undetected during missions. The aircraft feature streamlined surfaces and curvature that disrupt radar wave detection, a fundamental aspect for stealth operations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-vertical-stabilizers-and-canards\"\u003eVertical stabilizers and canards\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe J-35A and F-35 incorporate similar aerodynamic components like canards and vertical stabilizers arranged in a distinctive V-like structure. This setup not only aids in maintaining a stealth profile but also plays a critical role in reducing turbulence, further decreasing radar visibility. However, subtle differences in their designs underscore divergent engineering approaches. The J-35A\u0026#8217;s stabilizers are slightly wider and set at a different angle, potentially offering better aerodynamic performance tailored to the specific operational requirements of the Chinese military. This could influence the aircraft\u0026#8217;s agility and its RCS.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConversely, the F-35 features more sharply angled stabilizers optimized for an enhanced stealth profile. This design choice reflects a deliberate focus on radar evasion, integral to the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/f-35c-fighter-makes-combat-debut\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eF-35\u0026#8217;s role in U.S\u003c/a\u003e. and allied operations, ensuring superior performance even in challenging conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cockpit-ergonomics-and-visibility\"\u003eCockpit ergonomics and visibility\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe cockpit design of both aircraft fuses functionality and advanced technology, designed to meet the rigors of modern air combat. Each cockpit has a rounded glass canopy, optimizing pilot visibility and situational awareness—crucial during high-speed, high-stress combat scenarios.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe J-35A\u0026#8217;s cockpit is narrower with a simpler design and less curvature in the canopy glass, suggesting a focus on practicality and cost-efficiency. However, this design could slightly elevate the RCS, albeit still adhering to stealth norms. In contrast, the F-35\u0026#8217;s cockpit is more expansive, featuring a sophisticated, rounded canopy with extensive glass coverage. Specialized coatings on the F-35\u0026#8217;s canopy enhance its stealth capabilities, significantly reducing its radar signature while prioritizing pilot comfort and visibility.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-engine-design-and-stealth-optimization\"\u003eEngine design and stealth optimization\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe rear sections of the J-35A and F-35 showcase significant differences in design philosophy, particularly around the engine housings. The J-35A opts for a more enclosed engine design with fewer visible edges and a smoother outline around the exhaust, aimed at minimizing radar reflections—a crucial element in stealth technology. This design is likely optimized to meet the J-35A\u0026#8217;s unique performance specifications, possibly prioritizing operational flexibility in varied combat scenarios.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn contrast, the F-35\u0026#8217;s exhaust system is more intricate, with defined features that reflect advanced American engineering practices aimed at maximizing stealth. The pronounced design and use of cutting-edge materials in the F-35\u0026#8217;s exhaust system illustrate a comprehensive approach to reducing its radar footprint, aligning with the aircraft\u0026#8217;s strategic role in achieving air superiority.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-wing-design-and-aerodynamic-efficiency\"\u003eWing design and aerodynamic efficiency\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe wing designs of the J-35A and F-35 further reflect their distinct tactical priorities. The J-35A features slightly more angular wings, designed to enhance maneuverability—a critical factor in dogfights and rapid tactical shifts. This design choice supports the J-35A\u0026#8217;s presumed role in regional dominance and quick-response scenarios.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe F-35, however, sports smoother, more contoured wings that align with its overarching stealth strategy. These wings are engineered to minimize radar reflections and maintain stability at high speeds, supporting the F-35\u0026#8217;s role in deep-strike missions and sustained air operations over hostile territory.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-air-intakes-and-landing-gear\"\u003eAir intakes and landing gear\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe design variations extend to both aircraft\u0026#8217;s air intakes and landing gear. The J-35A\u0026#8217;s air intakes are wider and more angular, possibly increasing engine airflow and improving performance but at a potential cost to its stealth profile. Meanwhile, the F-35\u0026#8217;s air intakes are designed with stealth as a paramount consideration, featuring a rounded, smooth structure that enhances airflow while minimizing radar detection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe J-35A\u0026#8217;s landing gear is simpler and more robust, likely designed to endure diverse and potentially rugged operational environments. On the other hand, the F-35\u0026#8217;s landing gear is more complex, incorporating features that reduce radar cross-section and enhance the overall stealth profile, which is critical for operations in highly contested areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-performance-and-role-of-the-j-35a-and-f-35-stealth-fighters\"\u003ePerformance and role of the J-35A and F-35 stealth fighters\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-speed-range-and-endurance-nbsp\"\u003eSpeed, range, and endurance\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe J-35A achieves a maximum speed of Mach 2.0, surpassing the F-35\u0026#8217;s top speed of Mach 1.6. This superior speed equips the J-35A with an advantage in fast-paced combat scenarios, particularly in intercepting high-speed targets, which is crucial for air superiority roles. The design supports quick maneuvers and rapid response, aligning with its intended use within the People\u0026#8217;s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConversely, the F-35 excels in range and versatility, featuring a longer operational range of approximately 2,220 kilometers compared to the J-35A\u0026#8217;s 1,200 kilometers. This extended range makes the F-35 more suitable for long-range missions and deep-strike capabilities. It reflects its role in projecting power over vast distances and supporting varied mission profiles, from ground attack to reconnaissance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOriginally thought to employ Russian RD-33 engines, the J-35A is likely to transition to using more advanced Chinese-developed \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/chinas-j-35a-stealth-fighter-is-black-box-despite-splashy-debut-2024-11-11/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWS-13E or WS-21 engines\u003c/a\u003e. Future models are expected to incorporate the WS-19 engines, enhancing their thrust and performance capabilities. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoth aircraft can refuel in-flight, significantly extending their operational reach and endurance. This allows for prolonged deployment in contested areas without ground support.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-advanced-avionics-and-weaponry\"\u003eAdvanced avionics and weaponry\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe J-35A incorporates a suite of advanced Chinese-made avionics, including AESA radar, infrared search and track systems, and comprehensive electronic warfare capabilities. These systems enhance the aircraft\u0026#8217;s awareness of its surroundings, which is crucial for engaging multiple threats simultaneously and adapting to dynamic combat environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe F-35 has the AN/APG-81 AESA radar, AN/AAQ-37 Distributed Aperture System, and AN/ASQ-239 electronic warfare suite, offering unmatched sensor fusion and situational awareness. This integration allows the F-35 to detect, track, and engage targets at considerable distances, even in highly contested environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoth the J-35A and F-35 maintain their stealth profiles by carrying weapons internally. The J-35A can carry up to 7,000 kilograms of payload, while the F-35 has a slightly higher capacity of 8,160 kilograms. This internal carriage design is critical for maintaining a low radar cross-section during missions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe J-35A emphasizes speed and agility for regional operations, while the F-35 focuses on versatility, range, and global interoperability. These aircraft demonstrate the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/pentagon-1000s-of-ai-piloted-fighter-jets\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eadvanced state of modern air combat \u003c/a\u003etechnologies and illustrate the critical role of securing intellectual property in maintaining national defense advantages.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cyber-espionage-and-the-theft-of-f-35-design-data\"\u003eCyber espionage and the theft of F-35 design data\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFrank Kendall, the Defense Acquisitions Chief in 2013, highlighted the \u003ca href=\"https://www.unsw.edu.au/newsroom/news/2015/01/hacking-the-secrets-of-australias-joint-strike-fighter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ecompromise of unclassified F-35 data\u003c/a\u003e despite the classified information remaining secure. This breach reportedly allowed competing powers, particularly highlighted in Pentagon reports linking the Chinese government and military, to advance their military technology programs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2014, a Los Angeles grand jury indicted Chinese national Su Bin for assisting PLA hackers in stealing over 630,000 files related to the F-35 and other critical U.S. aircraft from 2008 to 2014. Bin\u0026#8217;s role involved facilitating the translation and targeting of sensitive defense technology, underscoring the depth of espionage activities to undermine U.S. technological supremacy.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"64:T869,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAmidst various hardware, the J-35A stood out, drawing immediate comparisons to the American Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II, one of the most advanced and widely adopted fighters globally. Both aircraft represent the pinnacle of stealth technology and are designed to meet the rigorous demands of contemporary warfare. However, despite their apparent similarities in design and purpose, the J-35A and F-35 embody distinct strategic priorities and technological paths shaped by the unique defense needs of China and the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"634\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-mach-3-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-123405\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-mach-3-1.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-mach-3-1.png?resize=300,99 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-mach-3-1.png?resize=768,254 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-mach-3-1.png?resize=1536,507 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA side-by-side comparison of the American F-35 (Left) and the Chinese J-35A (Right) \u0026#8211; Sources: \u003ca href=\"https://www.dvidshub.net/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e1\u003c/a\u003e,\u003ca href=\"https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/world/2024/11/11/chinas-j-35a-stealth-fighter-is-black-box-despite-splashy-debut/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e2\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis article compares these fighters against each other, exploring their design, performance, and role within their respective military frameworks. By comparing these advanced jets, we aim to understand their technological capabilities and the broader implications of their development in the context of global military dynamics and cybersecurity concerns.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"65:T567,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-background-and-strategic-positioning-of-the-j-35a-stealth-fighter\"\u003eBackground and strategic positioning of the J-35A stealth fighter\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe J-35A, originating from the Shenyang Aircraft Corporation\u0026#8217;s FC-31 technology demonstrator, represents a significant evolution in \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chinas-new-jet-afterburner-99-efficiency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eChinese military aviation technology\u003c/a\u003e. Initially conceptualized as a potential export without direct PLA support, the FC-31 underwent substantial modifications to meet the stringent requirements of modern air combat, showcasing its capabilities through various prototypes first flown in 2012 and 2016.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy the mid-to-late 2010s, the design caught the PLA Navy\u0026#8217;s (PLAN) attention, which led to its development into a carrier-borne fifth-generation fighter, tentatively named the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/j-35-china-next-gen-stealth-fighter-jet\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eJ-35\u003c/a\u003e. The first prototype, flown in October 2021, featured notable enhancements such as an enlarged folding wing, reinforced landing gear, and a catapult launch bar. These modifications, along with an enhanced dorsal fuselage hump and sophisticated sensor array, indicated a mature design aimed at carrier operations.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"66:T442,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the past, the PLA Air Force (PLAAF) showed interest in adapting this advanced platform for land-based operations. By 2023, emerging prototypes with adaptations such as a reduced wingspan pointed to specific modifications tailored to the PLAAF\u0026#8217;s operational needs. This version was officially designated as the J-35A during the Zhuhai Airshow 2024, coinciding with the PLAAF\u0026#8217;s 75th anniversary.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe J-35A and its variants often draw comparisons to the United States\u0026#8217; F-35, reflecting shared design features typical of medium-sized, fifth-generation fighters, such as dual-side air intakes and similar wing and tail configurations.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile these similarities have sparked discussions about potential espionage and technology transfer—particularly in the context of alleged Chinese cyber operations targeting F-35 data—the convergence seen in other contemporary fighters like the KF-21 and AMCA suggests that these design traits may be driven more by a pursuit of optimal aerodynamic and operational solutions than by direct copying.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"67:T747,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe J-35A is strategically positioned within the PLAAF as a versatile, medium-weight complement to the heavier J-20, expanding \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-reveals-mysterious-6th-gen-fighter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eChina\u0026#8217;s fleet of fifth-generation fighters\u003c/a\u003e. This development strategy aligns with the varied operational requirements of the Chinese military, from achieving air superiority to conducting precise strike missions. The F-35, in its role, continues to be a central asset for the U.S. and its allies, providing a critical blend of stealth, advanced sensor integration, and multi-role capabilities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, China\u0026#8217;s military advancements include the operation of another stealth fighter, the J-20 air superiority aircraft, and the ongoing development of the H-20 flying wing stealth bomber, as reported in a \u003ca href=\"https://media.defense.gov/2023/Oct/19/2003323409/-1/-1/1/2023-MILITARY-AND-SECURITY-DEVELOPMENTS-INVOLVING-THE-PEOPLES-REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA.PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e2023 Pentagon document\u003c/a\u003e on China\u0026#8217;s military forces.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-design-comparison-of-j-35a-and-f-35-fighter-jets-nbsp\"\u003eDesign comparison of J-35A and F-35 fighter jets\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-stealth-and-airframe-design\"\u003eStealth and airframe design\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoth the J-35A and the F-35 are engineered with an emphasis on low-observable, stealth technology, which is evident in their sleek and smooth airframes. These designs are crucial for minimizing radar cross-section (RCS) and enhancing operational efficacy by staying undetected during missions. The aircraft feature streamlined surfaces and curvature that disrupt radar wave detection, a fundamental aspect for stealth operations.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"68:T4b4,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-vertical-stabilizers-and-canards\"\u003eVertical stabilizers and canards\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe J-35A and F-35 incorporate similar aerodynamic components like canards and vertical stabilizers arranged in a distinctive V-like structure. This setup not only aids in maintaining a stealth profile but also plays a critical role in reducing turbulence, further decreasing radar visibility. However, subtle differences in their designs underscore divergent engineering approaches. The J-35A\u0026#8217;s stabilizers are slightly wider and set at a different angle, potentially offering better aerodynamic performance tailored to the specific operational requirements of the Chinese military. This could influence the aircraft\u0026#8217;s agility and its RCS.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConversely, the F-35 features more sharply angled stabilizers optimized for an enhanced stealth profile. This design choice reflects a deliberate focus on radar evasion, integral to the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/f-35c-fighter-makes-combat-debut\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eF-35\u0026#8217;s role in U.S\u003c/a\u003e. and allied operations, ensuring superior performance even in challenging conditions.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"69:T643,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cockpit-ergonomics-and-visibility\"\u003eCockpit ergonomics and visibility\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe cockpit design of both aircraft fuses functionality and advanced technology, designed to meet the rigors of modern air combat. Each cockpit has a rounded glass canopy, optimizing pilot visibility and situational awareness—crucial during high-speed, high-stress combat scenarios.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe J-35A\u0026#8217;s cockpit is narrower with a simpler design and less curvature in the canopy glass, suggesting a focus on practicality and cost-efficiency. However, this design could slightly elevate the RCS, albeit still adhering to stealth norms. In contrast, the F-35\u0026#8217;s cockpit is more expansive, featuring a sophisticated, rounded canopy with extensive glass coverage. Specialized coatings on the F-35\u0026#8217;s canopy enhance its stealth capabilities, significantly reducing its radar signature while prioritizing pilot comfort and visibility.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-engine-design-and-stealth-optimization\"\u003eEngine design and stealth optimization\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe rear sections of the J-35A and F-35 showcase significant differences in design philosophy, particularly around the engine housings. The J-35A opts for a more enclosed engine design with fewer visible edges and a smoother outline around the exhaust, aimed at minimizing radar reflections—a crucial element in stealth technology. This design is likely optimized to meet the J-35A\u0026#8217;s unique performance specifications, possibly prioritizing operational flexibility in varied combat scenarios.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6a:T4c4,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn contrast, the F-35\u0026#8217;s exhaust system is more intricate, with defined features that reflect advanced American engineering practices aimed at maximizing stealth. The pronounced design and use of cutting-edge materials in the F-35\u0026#8217;s exhaust system illustrate a comprehensive approach to reducing its radar footprint, aligning with the aircraft\u0026#8217;s strategic role in achieving air superiority.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-wing-design-and-aerodynamic-efficiency\"\u003eWing design and aerodynamic efficiency\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe wing designs of the J-35A and F-35 further reflect their distinct tactical priorities. The J-35A features slightly more angular wings, designed to enhance maneuverability—a critical factor in dogfights and rapid tactical shifts. This design choice supports the J-35A\u0026#8217;s presumed role in regional dominance and quick-response scenarios.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe F-35, however, sports smoother, more contoured wings that align with its overarching stealth strategy. These wings are engineered to minimize radar reflections and maintain stability at high speeds, supporting the F-35\u0026#8217;s role in deep-strike missions and sustained air operations over hostile territory.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6b:T665,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-air-intakes-and-landing-gear\"\u003eAir intakes and landing gear\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe design variations extend to both aircraft\u0026#8217;s air intakes and landing gear. The J-35A\u0026#8217;s air intakes are wider and more angular, possibly increasing engine airflow and improving performance but at a potential cost to its stealth profile. Meanwhile, the F-35\u0026#8217;s air intakes are designed with stealth as a paramount consideration, featuring a rounded, smooth structure that enhances airflow while minimizing radar detection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe J-35A\u0026#8217;s landing gear is simpler and more robust, likely designed to endure diverse and potentially rugged operational environments. On the other hand, the F-35\u0026#8217;s landing gear is more complex, incorporating features that reduce radar cross-section and enhance the overall stealth profile, which is critical for operations in highly contested areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-performance-and-role-of-the-j-35a-and-f-35-stealth-fighters\"\u003ePerformance and role of the J-35A and F-35 stealth fighters\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-speed-range-and-endurance-nbsp\"\u003eSpeed, range, and endurance\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe J-35A achieves a maximum speed of Mach 2.0, surpassing the F-35\u0026#8217;s top speed of Mach 1.6. This superior speed equips the J-35A with an advantage in fast-paced combat scenarios, particularly in intercepting high-speed targets, which is crucial for air superiority roles. The design supports quick maneuvers and rapid response, aligning with its intended use within the People\u0026#8217;s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF).\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6c:T445,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConversely, the F-35 excels in range and versatility, featuring a longer operational range of approximately 2,220 kilometers compared to the J-35A\u0026#8217;s 1,200 kilometers. This extended range makes the F-35 more suitable for long-range missions and deep-strike capabilities. It reflects its role in projecting power over vast distances and supporting varied mission profiles, from ground attack to reconnaissance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOriginally thought to employ Russian RD-33 engines, the J-35A is likely to transition to using more advanced Chinese-developed \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/chinas-j-35a-stealth-fighter-is-black-box-despite-splashy-debut-2024-11-11/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWS-13E or WS-21 engines\u003c/a\u003e. Future models are expected to incorporate the WS-19 engines, enhancing their thrust and performance capabilities. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoth aircraft can refuel in-flight, significantly extending their operational reach and endurance. This allows for prolonged deployment in contested areas without ground support.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6d:T45b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-advanced-avionics-and-weaponry\"\u003eAdvanced avionics and weaponry\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe J-35A incorporates a suite of advanced Chinese-made avionics, including AESA radar, infrared search and track systems, and comprehensive electronic warfare capabilities. These systems enhance the aircraft\u0026#8217;s awareness of its surroundings, which is crucial for engaging multiple threats simultaneously and adapting to dynamic combat environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe F-35 has the AN/APG-81 AESA radar, AN/AAQ-37 Distributed Aperture System, and AN/ASQ-239 electronic warfare suite, offering unmatched sensor fusion and situational awareness. This integration allows the F-35 to detect, track, and engage targets at considerable distances, even in highly contested environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoth the J-35A and F-35 maintain their stealth profiles by carrying weapons internally. The J-35A can carry up to 7,000 kilograms of payload, while the F-35 has a slightly higher capacity of 8,160 kilograms. This internal carriage design is critical for maintaining a low radar cross-section during missions.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6e:T60d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe J-35A emphasizes speed and agility for regional operations, while the F-35 focuses on versatility, range, and global interoperability. These aircraft demonstrate the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/pentagon-1000s-of-ai-piloted-fighter-jets\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eadvanced state of modern air combat \u003c/a\u003etechnologies and illustrate the critical role of securing intellectual property in maintaining national defense advantages.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cyber-espionage-and-the-theft-of-f-35-design-data\"\u003eCyber espionage and the theft of F-35 design data\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFrank Kendall, the Defense Acquisitions Chief in 2013, highlighted the \u003ca href=\"https://www.unsw.edu.au/newsroom/news/2015/01/hacking-the-secrets-of-australias-joint-strike-fighter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ecompromise of unclassified F-35 data\u003c/a\u003e despite the classified information remaining secure. This breach reportedly allowed competing powers, particularly highlighted in Pentagon reports linking the Chinese government and military, to advance their military technology programs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2014, a Los Angeles grand jury indicted Chinese national Su Bin for assisting PLA hackers in stealing over 630,000 files related to the F-35 and other critical U.S. aircraft from 2008 to 2014. Bin\u0026#8217;s role involved facilitating the translation and targeting of sensitive defense technology, underscoring the depth of espionage activities to undermine U.S. technological supremacy.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"6f:T1ca1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eResearchers develop rare earth-free electric motors using copper\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Texas A\u0026amp;M researchers have developed a groundbreaking electric motor using copper instead of rare Earth materials.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/high-power-electric-motors-using-copper\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Researchers develop rare earth-free electric motors using copper\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Texas A\u0026amp;M researchers have developed a groundbreaking electric motor using copper instead of rare Earth materials.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/high-power-electric-motors-using-copper\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T22:53:19+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T22:53:27+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-27T021916.763.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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University\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Innovation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/high-power-electric-motors-using-copper#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/high-power-electric-motors-using-copper\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/high-power-electric-motors-using-copper\",\"name\":\"Researchers develop rare earth-free electric motors using 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"70:T1152,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eElectric motors power a range of technologies, including ships, airplanes, wind turbines, and electric vehicles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, these motors are typically made with rare Earth materials, which present numerous environmental and economic challenges.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRare earths are limited resources, and their mining processes can cause significant environmental pollution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the global supply of these materials is largely controlled by a few countries, making them expensive to extract and vulnerable to supply chain disruptions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo address these issues, a team at Texas A\u0026amp;M University, led by Dr. Hamid Toliyat, a professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, along with Mehdi Seyedi, a Ph.D. student in electrical engineering, and Dr. Dorsa Talebi, a postdoctoral researcher, is developing a motor that does not rely on rare Earth materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-high-power-electric-motors\"\u003eHigh-power electric motors\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey aim to create a cost-effective, compact, efficient, and sustainable electric motor that eliminates the need for rare earths and reduces dependence on foreign markets.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Talebi notes, “There are many unethical mining processes for extracting rare earth materials, which are also very energy-intensive. While there are global projects aimed at mining rare earths more sustainably, there is inadequate regulation. To meet the demands of growing industries, we need an alternative. Our motor addresses this need by not requiring rare earths.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor their two-year project titled “Advancing Electric Vehicle Propulsion: High Power Rare-Earth-Free Electric Motor Development,” the team aims to replace rare Earth components, such as neodymium magnets, with abundant and environmentally friendly materials like copper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Using copper coils instead of rare Earth materials in the motor’s rotating part is much more accessible,” Talebi stated.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It is also expected to be cheaper since it avoids the cost of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/magnet-free-motors-valeo-mahle-evs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erare\u003c/a\u003e earth materials and permanent magnets needed for vehicle propulsion. By removing rare earths from the supply chain, we reduce our dependency on foreign countries, and copper is more sustainable since it is readily available.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team has conducted simulations to validate their concept and created a prototype to demonstrate the feasibility of their motor.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey are working to ensure that their motor\u0026#8217;s performance matches that of current rare Earth motors used in electric and hybrid vehicles while remaining competitive with other rare earth-free alternatives.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-using-copper\"\u003eUsing copper\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Toliyat explained, “In terms of power-to-weight ratio, our technology is comparable to motors utilizing rare earth materials.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSeyedi added, “Many automotive manufacturers are \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-magnet-free-electric-motor-needs-no-maintenance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ealready\u003c/a\u003e moving away from rare earth materials and developing rare earth-free motors. However, their options are limited and come with significant challenges. We hope our approach will resolve most of these issues, offering a cost-effective and efficient solution.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team received nearly $500,000 from a Type 2 award as part of Texas A\u0026amp;M University’s Advancing Discovery to Market (ADM) Innovation Awards program, which focuses on projects approaching market readiness.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUltimately, the team aims to commercialize its motor and establish its own company, holding issued U.S. patents and pending US patent applications for its innovation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This innovation could significantly impact the automobile industry,” Dr. Talebi remarked, “and it can also be extended to wind turbines, renewable energy solutions, and transportation systems.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Alan Palazzolo, a professor in the J. Mike Walker ’66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, is the project\u0026#8217;s co-principal investigator.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Texas A\u0026amp;M Engineering Experiment Station (TEES), the official research agency for Texas A\u0026amp;M Engineering, manages funding for this research.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"71:T4c7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor their two-year project titled “Advancing Electric Vehicle Propulsion: High Power Rare-Earth-Free Electric Motor Development,” the team aims to replace rare Earth components, such as neodymium magnets, with abundant and environmentally friendly materials like copper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Using copper coils instead of rare Earth materials in the motor’s rotating part is much more accessible,” Talebi stated.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It is also expected to be cheaper since it avoids the cost of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/magnet-free-motors-valeo-mahle-evs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erare\u003c/a\u003e earth materials and permanent magnets needed for vehicle propulsion. By removing rare earths from the supply chain, we reduce our dependency on foreign countries, and copper is more sustainable since it is readily available.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team has conducted simulations to validate their concept and created a prototype to demonstrate the feasibility of their motor.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey are working to ensure that their motor\u0026#8217;s performance matches that of current rare Earth motors used in electric and hybrid vehicles while remaining competitive with other rare earth-free alternatives.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"72:T51b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-using-copper\"\u003eUsing copper\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Toliyat explained, “In terms of power-to-weight ratio, our technology is comparable to motors utilizing rare earth materials.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSeyedi added, “Many automotive manufacturers are \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-magnet-free-electric-motor-needs-no-maintenance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ealready\u003c/a\u003e moving away from rare earth materials and developing rare earth-free motors. However, their options are limited and come with significant challenges. We hope our approach will resolve most of these issues, offering a cost-effective and efficient solution.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team received nearly $500,000 from a Type 2 award as part of Texas A\u0026amp;M University’s Advancing Discovery to Market (ADM) Innovation Awards program, which focuses on projects approaching market readiness.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUltimately, the team aims to commercialize its motor and establish its own company, holding issued U.S. patents and pending US patent applications for its innovation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This innovation could significantly impact the automobile industry,” Dr. Talebi remarked, “and it can also be extended to wind turbines, renewable energy solutions, and transportation systems.”\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"73:T200e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eChina unveils hacker-proof microcomputer to boost cybersecurity\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"China’s Purple Mountain Laboratories has unveiled a new high-tech “microcomputer” - called ESC0830 - at the Nanjing conference.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"China unveils hacker-proof microcomputer to boost cybersecurity\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"China’s Purple Mountain Laboratories has unveiled a new high-tech “microcomputer” - called ESC0830 - at the Nanjing conference.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:52:25+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-27T08:17:17+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-98.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi 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content=\"2024-11-26T13:52:25+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"74:T139a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eIn recent decades, the world has become increasingly interconnected — thanks to the rapid advancement in digital technology.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, there is a dark side to it too, cyber threat, which poses a serious risk to digital security.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThat’s why, the need for robust cybersecurity technology has never been greater.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-worlds-most-energy-efficient-ai-chips\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eChina\u003c/a\u003e’s Purple Mountain Laboratories has unveiled a new high-tech “microcomputer.” This tiny powerhouse promises to advance the way we think about security. It\u0026#8217;s a state-of-the-art security device, engineered to resist advanced cyber threats.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post (SCMP)\u003c/em\u003e reported that this “self-contained microcomputer” is 100 times more robust than standard ones to hackers.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReportedly, the lab recently showcased its hacker-proof microcontroller unit (MCU) dubbed ESC0830 at the Nanjing conference.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMCUs are single, versatile chips that automate tasks in many industries. Advanced MCUs are used in critical systems and offer robust security in industrial control and financial payment systems.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-microcomputer-s-triple-core-architecture\"\u003eMicrocomputer\u0026#8217;s triple core architecture\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, this newly introduced MCU \u0026#8211; ESC0830 \u0026#8211; is roughly the size of a US quarter. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith its triple-core (processing units) architecture, it can continue functioning even if one core is compromised. It\u0026#8217;s like having a backup plan for the digital world.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis ensures that the device remains operational and secure, even in the face of a cyber attack.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This development marks the end of an era of vulnerable MCUs,” Wu Jiangxing, project lead, and the lab’s chief scientist told \u003cem\u003eScience and Technology Daily.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe developers state that the new MCU is also compatible with existing systems and devices. It can be directly substituted for older, less secure MCUs without requiring any modifications to the surrounding circuitry. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis compatibility significantly reduces the cost and complexity of upgrading devices, making it a more attractive option for businesses, according to the developers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"💻 How Are Microchips Made?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/g8Qav3vIv9s?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cost-effective-security-solution\"\u003eCost-effective security solution\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMCUs are the brains behind many household appliances. They\u0026#8217;re small, efficient computers on a single chip that control various functions within devices like washing machines, and televisions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-microchip-material-is-10-times-stronger-than-kevlar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emicrochips\u003c/a\u003e are designed to be energy-efficient, consuming minimal power while performing their tasks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn September 2024, a series of explosions occurred in Lebanon, targeting members of the Hezbollah group.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e \u003c/sup\u003eThese explosions were triggered by detonated pagers and walkie-talkies, the \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3288218/how-chinese-lab-aims-keep-data-hackers-bay-new-mcu-design\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e reported. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eThis incident highlighted a concerning vulnerability: the potential for everyday electronic devices to be exploited for malicious purposes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eBBC\u003c/em\u003e reported that hackers might have remotely exploited the devices\u0026#8217; MCUs to trigger explosions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt raised questions about the security of embedded systems and the need for robust security measures, even in seemingly simple devices.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new MCU could offer a cost-effective security solution.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe applications of this technology are endless. From the smartphones in our pockets to the infrastructure that powers our cities, this microchip can safeguard it all. This is a major step toward a more secure digital world.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt took two years for the Purple Mountain Laboratories to develop this high-tech MCU.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFounded in 2018, the government lab is at the forefront of network security research, collaborating with industry leaders.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe MCU project is a national initiative led by State Grid.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"75:T425,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post (SCMP)\u003c/em\u003e reported that this “self-contained microcomputer” is 100 times more robust than standard ones to hackers.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReportedly, the lab recently showcased its hacker-proof microcontroller unit (MCU) dubbed ESC0830 at the Nanjing conference.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMCUs are single, versatile chips that automate tasks in many industries. Advanced MCUs are used in critical systems and offer robust security in industrial control and financial payment systems.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-microcomputer-s-triple-core-architecture\"\u003eMicrocomputer\u0026#8217;s triple core architecture\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, this newly introduced MCU \u0026#8211; ESC0830 \u0026#8211; is roughly the size of a US quarter. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith its triple-core (processing units) architecture, it can continue functioning even if one core is compromised. It\u0026#8217;s like having a backup plan for the digital world.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis ensures that the device remains operational and secure, even in the face of a cyber attack.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"76:T6b6,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This development marks the end of an era of vulnerable MCUs,” Wu Jiangxing, project lead, and the lab’s chief scientist told \u003cem\u003eScience and Technology Daily.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe developers state that the new MCU is also compatible with existing systems and devices. It can be directly substituted for older, less secure MCUs without requiring any modifications to the surrounding circuitry. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis compatibility significantly reduces the cost and complexity of upgrading devices, making it a more attractive option for businesses, according to the developers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"💻 How Are Microchips Made?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/g8Qav3vIv9s?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cost-effective-security-solution\"\u003eCost-effective security solution\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMCUs are the brains behind many household appliances. They\u0026#8217;re small, efficient computers on a single chip that control various functions within devices like washing machines, and televisions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-microchip-material-is-10-times-stronger-than-kevlar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emicrochips\u003c/a\u003e are designed to be energy-efficient, consuming minimal power while performing their tasks.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"77:T4a0,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn September 2024, a series of explosions occurred in Lebanon, targeting members of the Hezbollah group.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e \u003c/sup\u003eThese explosions were triggered by detonated pagers and walkie-talkies, the \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3288218/how-chinese-lab-aims-keep-data-hackers-bay-new-mcu-design\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e reported. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eThis incident highlighted a concerning vulnerability: the potential for everyday electronic devices to be exploited for malicious purposes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eBBC\u003c/em\u003e reported that hackers might have remotely exploited the devices\u0026#8217; MCUs to trigger explosions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt raised questions about the security of embedded systems and the need for robust security measures, even in seemingly simple devices.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new MCU could offer a cost-effective security solution.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe applications of this technology are endless. From the smartphones in our pockets to the infrastructure that powers our cities, this microchip can safeguard it all. This is a major step toward a more secure digital world.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"78:T1f3c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eScientists use sunlight to break the toughest plastic to recycle\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Instead of external compounds, the researchers used carbon black, already embedded in black polystyrene, as the heat-converting agent.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Scientists use sunlight to break the toughest plastic to recycle\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Instead of external compounds, the researchers used carbon black, already embedded in black polystyrene, as the heat-converting agent.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:24:21+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:24:30+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T180140.110.jpg\" 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/e5EEAH773uw\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"547\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:24:21+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"79:T14e3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eBlack polystyrene, widely used in food containers, coffee lids, and packaging, is notoriously hard to recycle. Its dark color, achieved with carbon black pigment, thwarts optical scanners used in recycling plants, and the pigment complicates conventional recycling methods. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNow, scientists from Cornell and Princeton universities have developed a groundbreaking method that uses sunlight and carbon black itself to transform this challenging waste into reusable materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Simple, visible light irradiation holds the potential to transform the chemical recycling of plastics, using the additives already found in many commercial products,” say the paper’s authors, Sewon Oh, Hanning Jiang and Erin Stache.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-challenge-with-black-polystyrene\"\u003eThe challenge with black polystyrene\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile bans on single-use plastics are increasing, black polystyrene remains prevalent. Its recycling challenges stem from two major issues—sorting difficulties and an energy-intensive breakdown. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOptical scanners, crucial for sorting plastics in \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastic-waste-turned-into-valuable-resources\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erecycling\u003c/a\u003e facilities, cannot detect black polystyrene because it absorbs light instead of reflecting it. This makes automated identification and sorting nearly impossible.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionaly, breaking polystyrene’s molecular bonds traditionally requires heating it to over 572°F (300°C) in oxygen-free chambers. This process is costly and inefficient, making it unsuitable for large-scale recycling.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne promising alternative, photothermal conversion, uses light to heat plastics through a helper compound that converts light into localized heat. However, the inclusion of these compounds raises concerns about generating additional waste or altering the properties of the plastic during its initial use.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-new-approach-using-carbon-black\"\u003eA new approach using carbon black\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInstead of introducing external compounds, the researchers leveraged carbon black, already embedded in black polystyrene, as the heat-converting agent. This approach eliminates the need for additional additives while utilizing a component that was previously considered an obstacle.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn their experiments, the team ground lab-made black polystyrene into a fine powder and placed it under high-intensity white LED lights. The carbon black absorbed the light, generating localized heat that broke the polystyrene into smaller molecules known as styrenes. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese styrenes, along with the remaining carbon black, were then recycled into new polystyrene, achieving a closed-loop process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen tested with consumer waste like food containers and lids, the results were promising. Up to 53% of the material was converted back into styrene. With concentrated sunlight, efficiency soared to 80%. Even mixed waste with black, yellow, red, and clear polystyrene converted at a 67% efficiency in sunlight, thanks to carbon black’s heat-conversion properties.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-step-towards-sustainable-plastic-recycling\"\u003eA step towards sustainable plastic recycling\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis method’s reliance on sunlight and existing materials makes it both cost-effective and sustainable. Concentrated sunlight offers the highest efficiency, making the process adaptable to regions with abundant \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/artificial-sun-nuclear-fusion-new-method\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esunlight\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEven with contamination from substances like canola oil or orange juice, the method showed minimal efficiency loss, demonstrating its robustness.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy addressing both the sorting and energy challenges of black \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/green-hydrogen-from-plastic-waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epolystyrene recycling\u003c/a\u003e, this innovation represents a significant step toward reducing landfill waste. Additionally, it could pave the way for recycling other hard-to-process colored plastics, moving closer to a circular economy for plastic use.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs environmental regulations on single-use \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastics-turned-into-graphene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplastics\u003c/a\u003e tighten, solutions like this could become crucial for managing plastic waste.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was recently published in \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.acs.org/pressroom/presspacs/2024/november/using-sunlight-to-recycle-black-plastics.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eACS Central Science\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Waste Plastic is Converted into Fuel\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/e5EEAH773uw?start=54\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7a:T49a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Simple, visible light irradiation holds the potential to transform the chemical recycling of plastics, using the additives already found in many commercial products,” say the paper’s authors, Sewon Oh, Hanning Jiang and Erin Stache.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-challenge-with-black-polystyrene\"\u003eThe challenge with black polystyrene\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile bans on single-use plastics are increasing, black polystyrene remains prevalent. Its recycling challenges stem from two major issues—sorting difficulties and an energy-intensive breakdown. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOptical scanners, crucial for sorting plastics in \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastic-waste-turned-into-valuable-resources\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erecycling\u003c/a\u003e facilities, cannot detect black polystyrene because it absorbs light instead of reflecting it. This makes automated identification and sorting nearly impossible.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionaly, breaking polystyrene’s molecular bonds traditionally requires heating it to over 572°F (300°C) in oxygen-free chambers. This process is costly and inefficient, making it unsuitable for large-scale recycling.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7b:T491,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese styrenes, along with the remaining carbon black, were then recycled into new polystyrene, achieving a closed-loop process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen tested with consumer waste like food containers and lids, the results were promising. Up to 53% of the material was converted back into styrene. With concentrated sunlight, efficiency soared to 80%. Even mixed waste with black, yellow, red, and clear polystyrene converted at a 67% efficiency in sunlight, thanks to carbon black’s heat-conversion properties.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-step-towards-sustainable-plastic-recycling\"\u003eA step towards sustainable plastic recycling\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis method’s reliance on sunlight and existing materials makes it both cost-effective and sustainable. Concentrated sunlight offers the highest efficiency, making the process adaptable to regions with abundant \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/artificial-sun-nuclear-fusion-new-method\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esunlight\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEven with contamination from substances like canola oil or orange juice, the method showed minimal efficiency loss, demonstrating its robustness.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7c:T5e5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy addressing both the sorting and energy challenges of black \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/green-hydrogen-from-plastic-waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epolystyrene recycling\u003c/a\u003e, this innovation represents a significant step toward reducing landfill waste. Additionally, it could pave the way for recycling other hard-to-process colored plastics, moving closer to a circular economy for plastic use.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs environmental regulations on single-use \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastics-turned-into-graphene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplastics\u003c/a\u003e tighten, solutions like this could become crucial for managing plastic waste.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was recently published in \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.acs.org/pressroom/presspacs/2024/november/using-sunlight-to-recycle-black-plastics.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eACS Central Science\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Waste Plastic is Converted into Fuel\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/e5EEAH773uw?start=54\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7d:T2018,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eMercedes\u0026#039; new brakes to improve EV performance, reduce brake dust\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Mercedes unveils In-Drive Brakes, an EV system integrating brakes into the motor for better efficiency, cleaner streets, and improved aerodynamics.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mercedes\u0026#039; new brakes to improve EV performance, reduce brake dust\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mercedes unveils In-Drive Brakes, an EV system integrating brakes into the motor for better efficiency, cleaner streets, and improved aerodynamics.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:06:56+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:07:03+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T155712.838.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/a3eddb9abcff4bb68deb73b9ddcaa0b5\"},\"headline\":\"Mercedes unleashes new EV braking system to push electric power and performance\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T13:06:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T13:07:03+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\"},\"wordCount\":573,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T155712.838.jpg\",\"caption\":\"There is no traditional caliper; 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Positioned where the half-shafts connect, the innovative design integrates the brakes directly into the motor assembly.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Mercedes system replaces calipers with a circular brake pad mounted on the electric motor\u0026#8217;s output shaft. The pad presses against a stationary, water-cooled ring within a sealed enclosure.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhile the prototype demonstrates this approach on the rear axle, it has the potential to function on both the front and rear axles.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to Mercedes, the innovation offers better ride quality, cleaner streets by containing brake dust, and streamlined wheel designs for improved aerodynamics.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-integrated-brake-innovation\"\u003eIntegrated brake innovation\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEVs rely on regenerative braking for 98 percent of their deceleration needs, but friction brakes are still essential for the remaining 2 percent, especially during critical high-demand stops.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA complete emergency stop may need up to 2200 kW of power, but regenerative braking usually provides up to 290 kW. However, because friction brakes are rarely used, their rotors typically rust, which results in brake dust, noise, and decreased efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"World\u0026#039;s First Electric Road: Charging EVs While Driving\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/FI_FrKb2dZY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMercedes is creating an inventive remedy known as In-Drive Brakes to address these problems. This concept relocates the brakes from the wheels to inside the electric drive motor, near the half-shafts connecting to the wheels. Currently demonstrated on the rear axle, the system could potentially work on both axles.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn contrast to traditional disc brakes, the In-Drive Brakes function similarly to a clutch system in manual gearboxes. For EVs, a cleaner, more integrated, and more effective braking solution is provided by a rotating disc that is fixed to the half-shaft.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-effortless-ev-braking\"\u003eEffortless EV braking\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe proposed braking system replaces conventional disc brakes with a design resembling a manual transmission clutch. It features a rotating disc, integrated with the half-shaft of each wheel, coated with \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/discovery-law-of-friction-minimizes-energy-loss\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efriction\u003c/a\u003e material near its edges. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTwo fixed, non-rotating flywheel-like plates flank this disc, with an annular hydraulic cylinder compressing the assembly. This causes the friction disc to drag against the fixed plates, slowing the vehicle.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTo disperse heat produced during braking, the system has liquid-cooled fixed plates that are completely contained in housings at the motor\u0026#8217;s ends. Each brake housing incorporates a sump to collect brake dust, ensuring brakes that endure the car\u0026#8217;s lifespan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Mercedes, by removing the requirement for cooling air passages, this enclosed design guarantees silent operation maintains clean wheels, lowers unsprung weight, and provides design flexibility for wheels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"We Don\u0026#039;t Have Enough Power for EVs\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/-bVjC7bSTw0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe idea works well with front-motor configurations or even cars without motors, which makes it more appealing for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/battery-80-charge-15-minutes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eEVs\u003c/a\u003e if the price is comparable to that of conventional brakes. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe system complements the cutting-edge technology of the Mercedes Future Technology Lab and is quiet, effective, and low-maintenance. We\u0026#8217;re excited to see this innovative method used in the next car models since it has the potential to revolutionize braking systems completely.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMercedes claims the In-Drive \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/a-team-of-mechanics-built-a-how-to-air-brake-for-a-lada\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eBrake\u003c/a\u003e system is designed to last the vehicle\u0026#8217;s lifetime without requiring servicing, potentially saving owners thousands in brake repairs and replacements. Brake dust is collected in a sealed compartment that never needs emptying.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"7f:T6b7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-integrated-brake-innovation\"\u003eIntegrated brake innovation\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEVs rely on regenerative braking for 98 percent of their deceleration needs, but friction brakes are still essential for the remaining 2 percent, especially during critical high-demand stops.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA complete emergency stop may need up to 2200 kW of power, but regenerative braking usually provides up to 290 kW. However, because friction brakes are rarely used, their rotors typically rust, which results in brake dust, noise, and decreased efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"World\u0026#039;s First Electric Road: Charging EVs While Driving\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/FI_FrKb2dZY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMercedes is creating an inventive remedy known as In-Drive Brakes to address these problems. This concept relocates the brakes from the wheels to inside the electric drive motor, near the half-shafts connecting to the wheels. Currently demonstrated on the rear axle, the system could potentially work on both axles.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn contrast to traditional disc brakes, the In-Drive Brakes function similarly to a clutch system in manual gearboxes. For EVs, a cleaner, more integrated, and more effective braking solution is provided by a rotating disc that is fixed to the half-shaft.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"80:T4ad,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-effortless-ev-braking\"\u003eEffortless EV braking\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe proposed braking system replaces conventional disc brakes with a design resembling a manual transmission clutch. It features a rotating disc, integrated with the half-shaft of each wheel, coated with \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/discovery-law-of-friction-minimizes-energy-loss\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efriction\u003c/a\u003e material near its edges. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTwo fixed, non-rotating flywheel-like plates flank this disc, with an annular hydraulic cylinder compressing the assembly. This causes the friction disc to drag against the fixed plates, slowing the vehicle.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTo disperse heat produced during braking, the system has liquid-cooled fixed plates that are completely contained in housings at the motor\u0026#8217;s ends. Each brake housing incorporates a sump to collect brake dust, ensuring brakes that endure the car\u0026#8217;s lifespan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Mercedes, by removing the requirement for cooling air passages, this enclosed design guarantees silent operation maintains clean wheels, lowers unsprung weight, and provides design flexibility for wheels.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"81:T61e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"We Don\u0026#039;t Have Enough Power for EVs\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/-bVjC7bSTw0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe idea works well with front-motor configurations or even cars without motors, which makes it more appealing for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/battery-80-charge-15-minutes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eEVs\u003c/a\u003e if the price is comparable to that of conventional brakes. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe system complements the cutting-edge technology of the Mercedes Future Technology Lab and is quiet, effective, and low-maintenance. We\u0026#8217;re excited to see this innovative method used in the next car models since it has the potential to revolutionize braking systems completely.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMercedes claims the In-Drive \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/a-team-of-mechanics-built-a-how-to-air-brake-for-a-lada\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eBrake\u003c/a\u003e system is designed to last the vehicle\u0026#8217;s lifetime without requiring servicing, potentially saving owners thousands in brake repairs and replacements. Brake dust is collected in a sealed compartment that never needs emptying.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"82:T1fb3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eLargest worm lizard ever discovered lived 50 million years ago\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"A brand new species and genus of a legless reptile has been identfied in a fossil bed in Tunisia that slithered at an unbelievable 3 feet long with very strong jaws.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Largest worm lizard ever discovered lived 50 million years ago\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A brand new species and genus of a legless reptile has been identfied in a fossil bed in Tunisia that slithered at an unbelievable 3 feet long with very strong jaws.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T12:41:26+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T12:41:34+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Maria Mocerino\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Maria Mocerino\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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/\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"83:T149c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers in Tunisia found the largest “worm lizard” that has ever lived with a feeding strategy that has remained consistent for millions of years.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe recently identified \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;existed a whopping 50 million years ago at a time when warm temperatures might have encouraged its astonishing growth. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSlithering up to three feet long, the reptile belongs to a new genus and species of\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians, a “charismatic group” of “legless lizards” that has “attracted and puzzled researchers since the 19\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026nbsp;century.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut beyond its unusually long body, \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus\u003c/em\u003e has distinct characteristics that set it apart as its own species and genus within the \u003cem\u003eTrogonophidae\u003c/em\u003e family that has eluciated where the feeding habits of its modern-day relative came from: one hungry giant with a soft-spot for snails.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-biggest-worm-like-reptile-ever-recorded\"\u003eThe biggest worm-like reptile ever recorded\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRecent fieldwork in Eocene levels of the Natural Park of Djebel Chambi, Tunisia, “led to the discovery of one of the oldest records of Amphisbaenia in Afro-Arabia,” according to a new study.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThough known as a fossil-bearing site, it has yet to produce a reptile until now, and researchers uncovered at least 11 different specimens, as \u003cem\u003eNewsweek \u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsweek.com/record-breaking-giant-worm-lizard-50-million-years-ago-discovered-1991300\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fossils found include craniodental and vertebral remains so “unusual” that researchers had to classify this striking specimen as a new genus and species within an intriguing family of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burmese-python-turns-massive-rival-snake-into-dinner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereptiles\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our discovery from Tunisia, with an estimated skull length exceeding five centimeters, is the largest known worm lizard species,” Dr. Georgios L. Georgalis, the research head, explained. “All evidence indicates that the new species is related to the modern-day checkerboard worm lizard.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing micro-computed tomography, they assessed the anatomy of the new taxon against other\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians. The\u0026nbsp;Terastiodontosaurus\u0026nbsp;showed an “extreme dental morphology, including one massive tooth on the maxilla and dentary, flat cheek teeth, and an array of other diagnostic features that readily differentiate from all other amphisbaenians.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Visually, you can imagine the animal as a ‘sandworm’ from the ‘Dune’ science fiction novels and their movie adaptation. Based on the tooth structure and the unusually thick enamel, we can deduce that the animals had enormous muscle strength in their jaws,” Georgalis\u0026nbsp;continued in a recent press release.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMost worm lizards are subterranean, but this giant might have been too big to remain completely underground, giving it an unusual behavioral pattern amongst the group. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-eating-snails-for-over-50-million-years\"\u003eEating snails for over 50 million years\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts extremely strong jaws and specialized tooth enamel suggest that it feasted on snails, able to crush through their shells with ease. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGeorgalis said in a press \u003ca href=\"https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517?returnurl=https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003erelease\u003c/a\u003e that today’s checkerboard worm lizards eat snails by breaking open their shells. Now, researchers can make a prehistoric link.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This lineage specialized in feeding on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/china-snail-shells-tell-tale-of-superstorm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esnails\u003c/a\u003e\u0026#8230; This feeding strategy is therefore extremely consistent. It has defied all environmental changes and accompanies the lineage to this day.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSo this lineage of the largest “worm \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/scuba-diving-lizard-uses-air-bubble\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elizard\u003c/a\u003e” hasn’t had any need to change its behavior in millions of years. When it works, it works.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/202/3/zlae133/7906359?login=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epublished\u003c/a\u003e in the \u003cem\u003eZoological Journal of the Linnean Society. \u003c/em\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Reptiles Helped Solve Problems\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/u6ysfXo1x9Y?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"84:T565,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut beyond its unusually long body, \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus\u003c/em\u003e has distinct characteristics that set it apart as its own species and genus within the \u003cem\u003eTrogonophidae\u003c/em\u003e family that has eluciated where the feeding habits of its modern-day relative came from: one hungry giant with a soft-spot for snails.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-biggest-worm-like-reptile-ever-recorded\"\u003eThe biggest worm-like reptile ever recorded\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRecent fieldwork in Eocene levels of the Natural Park of Djebel Chambi, Tunisia, “led to the discovery of one of the oldest records of Amphisbaenia in Afro-Arabia,” according to a new study.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThough known as a fossil-bearing site, it has yet to produce a reptile until now, and researchers uncovered at least 11 different specimens, as \u003cem\u003eNewsweek \u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsweek.com/record-breaking-giant-worm-lizard-50-million-years-ago-discovered-1991300\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fossils found include craniodental and vertebral remains so “unusual” that researchers had to classify this striking specimen as a new genus and species within an intriguing family of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burmese-python-turns-massive-rival-snake-into-dinner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereptiles\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"85:T6ac,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMost worm lizards are subterranean, but this giant might have been too big to remain completely underground, giving it an unusual behavioral pattern amongst the group. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-eating-snails-for-over-50-million-years\"\u003eEating snails for over 50 million years\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts extremely strong jaws and specialized tooth enamel suggest that it feasted on snails, able to crush through their shells with ease. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGeorgalis said in a press \u003ca href=\"https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517?returnurl=https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003erelease\u003c/a\u003e that today’s checkerboard worm lizards eat snails by breaking open their shells. Now, researchers can make a prehistoric link.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This lineage specialized in feeding on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/china-snail-shells-tell-tale-of-superstorm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esnails\u003c/a\u003e\u0026#8230; This feeding strategy is therefore extremely consistent. It has defied all environmental changes and accompanies the lineage to this day.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSo this lineage of the largest “worm \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/scuba-diving-lizard-uses-air-bubble\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elizard\u003c/a\u003e” hasn’t had any need to change its behavior in millions of years. When it works, it works.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/202/3/zlae133/7906359?login=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epublished\u003c/a\u003e in the \u003cem\u003eZoological Journal of the Linnean Society. \u003c/em\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"86:T1f08,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eInventor creates flying robot that also drives like a car on roads\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"A hobbyist created a vehicle that transforms from tank to quadcopter mode with 3D-printed parts, carbon fiber, and innovative design.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/inventor-creates-transformer-drone-tank\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Inventor creates flying robot that also drives like a car on roads\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A hobbyist created a vehicle that transforms from tank to quadcopter mode with 3D-printed parts, carbon fiber, and innovative design.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/inventor-creates-transformer-drone-tank\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-25T19:42:49+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-25T19:55:35+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-photo-ratio-19201080-23.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/inventor-creates-transformer-drone-tank#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/inventor-creates-transformer-drone-tank\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/a3eddb9abcff4bb68deb73b9ddcaa0b5\"},\"headline\":\"Flying tank? 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A retracting linear actuator rotates the wheels and prop guards to a vertical position for flight.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe main structure is reinforced with carbon fiber plates, while critical load-bearing parts are made from lightweight carbon fiber nylon for strength and heat resistance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;It took hundreds of 3D-printed parts, countless design tweaks, broken hardware, faulty software, and some questionable choices—but in the end, I built something that actually works,\u0026#8221; said Rechtin, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1GSzysrYtw\u0026amp;embeds_referring_euri=https%3A%2F%2Fhackaday.com%2F\u0026amp;source_ve_path=MjM4NTE\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003evideo\u003c/a\u003e posted on YouTube.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-dual-mode-innovation\"\u003eDual-mode innovation\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe inspiration for this project came from a desire to combine two earlier creations: an RC car and a quadcopter. A quick online search by Rechtin revealed that only a few universities had attempted similar designs, making this a unique challenge that required original thinking.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe project began with computer-aided design (CAD) software called Onshape. This program allowed the designer to sketch ideas, test linkage systems, and ensure the transformation mechanism would work. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"I Built A Real Life Transformer\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/f1GSzysrYtw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Rechtin, the most challenging aspect of the design was developing a linkage system that could switch the vehicle between driving and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/drone-with-nervous-system-tested\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eflying\u003c/a\u003e modes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn driving mode, the linkage system keeps the wheels and tracks perpendicular to the ground. Activating a servo lowers the vehicle’s body, while linear actuators pivot the rotors to align with the ground for flight mode. Creating a 2D model early in the design process helped refine this complex mechanism. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRechtin highlights that after hours of work and coffee-fueled creativity, the design evolved into a functional 3D model ready for construction.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-1.png?w=1920\" alt=\"The robot can fly like a drone and drive on roads.\" class=\"wp-image-122912\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-1.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-1.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-1.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-1.png?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-material-optimization\"\u003eMaterial optimization\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe vehicle is primarily built using \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/multi-material-3d-printing-mxene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003e3D-printed\u003c/a\u003e components, with over 100 parts manufactured on Bamboo Labs’ X1 Carbon and P1S printers. These printers were praised for their speed, reliability, and ability to produce high-quality prints. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSome parts were made from carbon fiber nylon, a lightweight and robust material with a sleek surface finish, for strength and durability. For less critical components, matte PLA filament was used. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Rechtin, the choice allowed for extra parameters and infill to strengthen the parts, though it increased the vehicle\u0026#8217;s weight. Future iterations could switch to lighter materials like carbon fiber nylon to improve performance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo support the structure, the vehicle also incorporates non-3D-printed parts, such as carbon fiber side plates. These plates are essential for the body’s rigidity and aesthetics. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe plates were cut using a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/what-cnc-machining-is-and-how-it-works\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eCNC\u003c/a\u003e router and feature triangular cutouts to reduce weight without compromising strength. Each 3mm-thick plate is designed to mount 3D-printed components securely.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Drones are Redefining Warfare\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/uK7VgEKiJ7c?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA specialized PCB running Dreamflight software controls the vehicle\u0026#8217;s six brushless motors, two servos, and two linear actuators.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe transition system operated well during testing, and the tank mode demonstrated exceptional power and mobility. However, because the quad weighed more than 7.2 pounds (3.3 kilograms), early flight testing showed problems with weight and actuator strength.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRedesigning heavy components and refining materials to reduce weight are among the proposed changes, according to Rechtin. \u003cspan style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px\"\u003eThe innovator has made the design open-source and available on\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/MichaelRechtin/Transforming-Quadcopter\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px\"\u003eGitH\u003c/span\u003eub\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"88:T740,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;It took hundreds of 3D-printed parts, countless design tweaks, broken hardware, faulty software, and some questionable choices—but in the end, I built something that actually works,\u0026#8221; said Rechtin, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1GSzysrYtw\u0026amp;embeds_referring_euri=https%3A%2F%2Fhackaday.com%2F\u0026amp;source_ve_path=MjM4NTE\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003evideo\u003c/a\u003e posted on YouTube.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-dual-mode-innovation\"\u003eDual-mode innovation\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe inspiration for this project came from a desire to combine two earlier creations: an RC car and a quadcopter. A quick online search by Rechtin revealed that only a few universities had attempted similar designs, making this a unique challenge that required original thinking.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe project began with computer-aided design (CAD) software called Onshape. This program allowed the designer to sketch ideas, test linkage systems, and ensure the transformation mechanism would work. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"I Built A Real Life Transformer\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/f1GSzysrYtw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Rechtin, the most challenging aspect of the design was developing a linkage system that could switch the vehicle between driving and \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/drone-with-nervous-system-tested\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eflying\u003c/a\u003e modes.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"89:T78b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn driving mode, the linkage system keeps the wheels and tracks perpendicular to the ground. Activating a servo lowers the vehicle’s body, while linear actuators pivot the rotors to align with the ground for flight mode. Creating a 2D model early in the design process helped refine this complex mechanism. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRechtin highlights that after hours of work and coffee-fueled creativity, the design evolved into a functional 3D model ready for construction.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-1.png?w=1920\" alt=\"The robot can fly like a drone and drive on roads.\" class=\"wp-image-122912\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-1.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-1.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-1.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-1.png?resize=1536,864 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-material-optimization\"\u003eMaterial optimization\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe vehicle is primarily built using \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/multi-material-3d-printing-mxene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003e3D-printed\u003c/a\u003e components, with over 100 parts manufactured on Bamboo Labs’ X1 Carbon and P1S printers. These printers were praised for their speed, reliability, and ability to produce high-quality prints. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSome parts were made from carbon fiber nylon, a lightweight and robust material with a sleek surface finish, for strength and durability. For less critical components, matte PLA filament was used. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8a:T6c0,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Rechtin, the choice allowed for extra parameters and infill to strengthen the parts, though it increased the vehicle\u0026#8217;s weight. Future iterations could switch to lighter materials like carbon fiber nylon to improve performance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo support the structure, the vehicle also incorporates non-3D-printed parts, such as carbon fiber side plates. These plates are essential for the body’s rigidity and aesthetics. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe plates were cut using a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/what-cnc-machining-is-and-how-it-works\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eCNC\u003c/a\u003e router and feature triangular cutouts to reduce weight without compromising strength. Each 3mm-thick plate is designed to mount 3D-printed components securely.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Drones are Redefining Warfare\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/uK7VgEKiJ7c?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA specialized PCB running Dreamflight software controls the vehicle\u0026#8217;s six brushless motors, two servos, and two linear actuators.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe transition system operated well during testing, and the tank mode demonstrated exceptional power and mobility. However, because the quad weighed more than 7.2 pounds (3.3 kilograms), early flight testing showed problems with weight and actuator strength.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8b:T1ca1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eResearchers develop rare earth-free electric motors using copper\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Texas A\u0026amp;M researchers have developed a groundbreaking electric motor using copper instead of rare Earth materials.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/high-power-electric-motors-using-copper\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Researchers develop rare earth-free electric motors using copper\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Texas A\u0026amp;M researchers have developed a groundbreaking electric motor using copper instead of rare Earth materials.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/high-power-electric-motors-using-copper\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T22:53:19+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T22:53:27+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-27T021916.763.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8c:T1152,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eElectric motors power a range of technologies, including ships, airplanes, wind turbines, and electric vehicles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, these motors are typically made with rare Earth materials, which present numerous environmental and economic challenges.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRare earths are limited resources, and their mining processes can cause significant environmental pollution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the global supply of these materials is largely controlled by a few countries, making them expensive to extract and vulnerable to supply chain disruptions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo address these issues, a team at Texas A\u0026amp;M University, led by Dr. Hamid Toliyat, a professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, along with Mehdi Seyedi, a Ph.D. student in electrical engineering, and Dr. Dorsa Talebi, a postdoctoral researcher, is developing a motor that does not rely on rare Earth materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-high-power-electric-motors\"\u003eHigh-power electric motors\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey aim to create a cost-effective, compact, efficient, and sustainable electric motor that eliminates the need for rare earths and reduces dependence on foreign markets.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Talebi notes, “There are many unethical mining processes for extracting rare earth materials, which are also very energy-intensive. While there are global projects aimed at mining rare earths more sustainably, there is inadequate regulation. To meet the demands of growing industries, we need an alternative. Our motor addresses this need by not requiring rare earths.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor their two-year project titled “Advancing Electric Vehicle Propulsion: High Power Rare-Earth-Free Electric Motor Development,” the team aims to replace rare Earth components, such as neodymium magnets, with abundant and environmentally friendly materials like copper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Using copper coils instead of rare Earth materials in the motor’s rotating part is much more accessible,” Talebi stated.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It is also expected to be cheaper since it avoids the cost of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/magnet-free-motors-valeo-mahle-evs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erare\u003c/a\u003e earth materials and permanent magnets needed for vehicle propulsion. By removing rare earths from the supply chain, we reduce our dependency on foreign countries, and copper is more sustainable since it is readily available.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team has conducted simulations to validate their concept and created a prototype to demonstrate the feasibility of their motor.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey are working to ensure that their motor\u0026#8217;s performance matches that of current rare Earth motors used in electric and hybrid vehicles while remaining competitive with other rare earth-free alternatives.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-using-copper\"\u003eUsing copper\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Toliyat explained, “In terms of power-to-weight ratio, our technology is comparable to motors utilizing rare earth materials.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSeyedi added, “Many automotive manufacturers are \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-magnet-free-electric-motor-needs-no-maintenance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ealready\u003c/a\u003e moving away from rare earth materials and developing rare earth-free motors. However, their options are limited and come with significant challenges. We hope our approach will resolve most of these issues, offering a cost-effective and efficient solution.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team received nearly $500,000 from a Type 2 award as part of Texas A\u0026amp;M University’s Advancing Discovery to Market (ADM) Innovation Awards program, which focuses on projects approaching market readiness.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUltimately, the team aims to commercialize its motor and establish its own company, holding issued U.S. patents and pending US patent applications for its innovation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This innovation could significantly impact the automobile industry,” Dr. Talebi remarked, “and it can also be extended to wind turbines, renewable energy solutions, and transportation systems.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Alan Palazzolo, a professor in the J. Mike Walker ’66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, is the project\u0026#8217;s co-principal investigator.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Texas A\u0026amp;M Engineering Experiment Station (TEES), the official research agency for Texas A\u0026amp;M Engineering, manages funding for this research.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8d:T4c7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor their two-year project titled “Advancing Electric Vehicle Propulsion: High Power Rare-Earth-Free Electric Motor Development,” the team aims to replace rare Earth components, such as neodymium magnets, with abundant and environmentally friendly materials like copper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Using copper coils instead of rare Earth materials in the motor’s rotating part is much more accessible,” Talebi stated.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It is also expected to be cheaper since it avoids the cost of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/magnet-free-motors-valeo-mahle-evs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erare\u003c/a\u003e earth materials and permanent magnets needed for vehicle propulsion. By removing rare earths from the supply chain, we reduce our dependency on foreign countries, and copper is more sustainable since it is readily available.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team has conducted simulations to validate their concept and created a prototype to demonstrate the feasibility of their motor.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey are working to ensure that their motor\u0026#8217;s performance matches that of current rare Earth motors used in electric and hybrid vehicles while remaining competitive with other rare earth-free alternatives.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8e:T51b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-using-copper\"\u003eUsing copper\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Toliyat explained, “In terms of power-to-weight ratio, our technology is comparable to motors utilizing rare earth materials.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSeyedi added, “Many automotive manufacturers are \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-magnet-free-electric-motor-needs-no-maintenance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ealready\u003c/a\u003e moving away from rare earth materials and developing rare earth-free motors. However, their options are limited and come with significant challenges. We hope our approach will resolve most of these issues, offering a cost-effective and efficient solution.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team received nearly $500,000 from a Type 2 award as part of Texas A\u0026amp;M University’s Advancing Discovery to Market (ADM) Innovation Awards program, which focuses on projects approaching market readiness.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUltimately, the team aims to commercialize its motor and establish its own company, holding issued U.S. patents and pending US patent applications for its innovation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This innovation could significantly impact the automobile industry,” Dr. Talebi remarked, “and it can also be extended to wind turbines, renewable energy solutions, and transportation systems.”\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8f:T1c77,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eDecades-old secret parachute brings FBI closer to solving DB Cooper mystery\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The children of convicted skyjacker Richard McCoy II claim their father is the infamous DB Cooper, figure behind a famous 1971 skyjacking.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/db-cooper-identity-revealed-fbi\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Decades-old secret parachute brings FBI closer to solving DB Cooper mystery\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The children of convicted skyjacker Richard McCoy II claim their father is the infamous DB Cooper, figure behind a famous 1971 skyjacking.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/db-cooper-identity-revealed-fbi\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T20:46:34+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T20:46:42+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-27T005227.160.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/db-cooper-identity-revealed-fbi#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/db-cooper-identity-revealed-fbi\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kapil 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mystery\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/db-cooper-identity-revealed-fbi#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/db-cooper-identity-revealed-fbi#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-27T005227.160.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T20:46:34+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T20:46:42+00:00\",\"description\":\"The children of convicted skyjacker Richard McCoy II claim their father is the infamous DB Cooper, figure behind a famous 1971 skyjacking.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/db-cooper-identity-revealed-fbi#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/db-cooper-identity-revealed-fbi\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/db-cooper-identity-revealed-fbi#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-27T005227.160.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-27T005227.160.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"DB 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McCoy committed a similar skyjacking involving a parachute jump.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHis children, Chanté and Richard III (Rick) have long thought the similarities pointed to their father, and now they may have proof.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-decades-old-parachute\"\u003eDecades-old parachute\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eChanté and Rick kept quiet for years because they thought their mother, Karen, might have helped with both crimes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith both parents now deceased, the siblings feel free to share their suspicions. They claim to have found a modified parachute used in the escape.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“That rig is literally one in a billion,” said Gryder, who released a YouTube series discussing the case. His series attracted the FBI\u0026#8217;s interest again.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe FBI reportedly now has the parachute and harness found in a storage shed on family property in North Carolina, along with a skydiving logbook that Chanté believes shows DB Cooper\u0026#8217;s movements in Oregon and Utah.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis is the first real action the FBI has taken on the case since it closed in 2016.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter reviewing the new evidence, the FBI searched the family’s property for four hours with over a dozen agents. The unique changes made to the parachute might be crucial for solving this decades-old mystery.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/fbi-busts-russian-ai-fake-news\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eFBI\u003c/a\u003e knows that the original parachutes were altered by Earl Cossey, a skydiver who worked with them until his murder in 2013.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf the new parachute matches Cossey’s alterations, it could help find out who DB Cooper really was.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-db-cooper\"\u003eDB Cooper\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe mystery of DB Cooper has become legendary, and amateur detectives have discussed many theories in books and documentaries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne book from the 1990s, \u0026#8220;DB Cooper: The Real McCoy,\u0026#8221; even suggested that McCoy was the culprit, but it was pulled from publication after Karen sued for libel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn November 24, 1971, DB Cooper, who called himself Dan, bought a one-way ticket to Portland using cash and got on Northwest Orient Flight 305 without showing ID. He handed a flight attendant a note saying he had a bomb.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCooper opened his briefcase to show what looked like a bomb and demanded $200,000, several parachutes, and a refueling truck in Seattle so he could fly to Mexico City.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOnce Cooper\u0026#8217;s demands were met, the flight, which should have been 30 minutes, became a two-hour loop over Puget Sound while ground crews prepared.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCooper let the 35 passengers and some crew members go and then dictated the flight path and settings to the remaining crew.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter finishing the negotiations, Cooper and the four remaining crew members took off again.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSomewhere over Washington, Cooper opened the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/fbi-to-equip-tactical-drones-with-distraction-devices\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erear\u003c/a\u003e staircase and parachuted out of the plane, but no one knew exactly when or where he jumped.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEfforts to find him yielded nothing, and experts have struggled to pinpoint a search area because of the many unknowns involved in the night jump.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"91:T446,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-decades-old-parachute\"\u003eDecades-old parachute\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eChanté and Rick kept quiet for years because they thought their mother, Karen, might have helped with both crimes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith both parents now deceased, the siblings feel free to share their suspicions. They claim to have found a modified parachute used in the escape.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“That rig is literally one in a billion,” said Gryder, who released a YouTube series discussing the case. His series attracted the FBI\u0026#8217;s interest again.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe FBI reportedly now has the parachute and harness found in a storage shed on family property in North Carolina, along with a skydiving logbook that Chanté believes shows DB Cooper\u0026#8217;s movements in Oregon and Utah.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis is the first real action the FBI has taken on the case since it closed in 2016.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAfter reviewing the new evidence, the FBI searched the family’s property for four hours with over a dozen agents. The unique changes made to the parachute might be crucial for solving this decades-old mystery.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"92:T490,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/fbi-busts-russian-ai-fake-news\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eFBI\u003c/a\u003e knows that the original parachutes were altered by Earl Cossey, a skydiver who worked with them until his murder in 2013.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf the new parachute matches Cossey’s alterations, it could help find out who DB Cooper really was.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-db-cooper\"\u003eDB Cooper\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe mystery of DB Cooper has become legendary, and amateur detectives have discussed many theories in books and documentaries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne book from the 1990s, \u0026#8220;DB Cooper: The Real McCoy,\u0026#8221; even suggested that McCoy was the culprit, but it was pulled from publication after Karen sued for libel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOn November 24, 1971, DB Cooper, who called himself Dan, bought a one-way ticket to Portland using cash and got on Northwest Orient Flight 305 without showing ID. He handed a flight attendant a note saying he had a bomb.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCooper opened his briefcase to show what looked like a bomb and demanded $200,000, several parachutes, and a refueling truck in Seattle so he could fly to Mexico City.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"93:T1c21,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eFighter jet-inspired washing machine cleans humans in just 15 minutes\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"The \u0026quot;Future Human Washing Machine\u0026quot; combines AI and advanced sensors for a 15-minute wash-and-dry experience.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fighter jet-inspired washing machine cleans humans in just 15 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The \u0026quot;Future Human Washing Machine\u0026quot; combines AI and advanced sensors for a 15-minute wash-and-dry experience.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T18:51:07+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"94:T1185,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1970, the groundbreaking invention known as the \u0026#8220;Ultrasonic Bath\u0026#8221; captured the world\u0026#8217;s attention at the Japan World Exposition.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCreated by Sanyo Electric, today known as Panasonic Holdings Corp, this innovative device was likened to a futuristic human washing machine.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe egg-shaped pod provided an unusual bathing experience by automatically filling with hot water, utilizing ultrasound waves, and deploying massage balls to knead users’ bodies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFast forward over five decades, and this unconventional idea is poised for a resurgence with a modern twist.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-human-washing-machine\"\u003eHuman washing machine\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOsaka-based Science Co is set to unveil an upgraded version of the human washing machine, called the “Mirai Ningen Sentakuki” or “Future Human Washing Machine.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis highly anticipated device will be showcased at the Osaka Healthcare Pavilion and receive support from local government organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAttendees at the expo will have the opportunity to see the machine in action and experience its unique features firsthand.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eScience Co is already working on a consumer-grade model designed for home use, which will bridge the gap between exhibition novelty and practical functionality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDuring an informational lecture in October, chairman Yasuaki Aoyama shared that the prototype is well on its way to completion, with approximately 70% of its development finalized.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company plans to offer trial experiences to 1,000 visitors during the expo, allowing seven to eight daily users to reserve a spot through a dedicated web platform.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-fighter-jet-inspired\"\u003eFighter jet-inspired\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis human washing machine has undergone a striking transformation, now resembling the cockpit of a sophisticated jet fighter.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts sleek, modern design features a transparent cover that opens with a pivoting motion.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOnce seated in the ergonomically designed center, users are surrounded by warm water that partially fills the chamber.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEmbedded advanced sensors monitor vital signs such as pulse rate, allowing for precise temperature adjustments to ensure a gentle and secure washing experience.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdding to the innovation, the integrated artificial intelligence system evaluates each user\u0026#8217;s emotional state—relaxed or excited—and projects tailored visual displays onto the transparent cover\u0026#8217;s interior, enhancing tranquility and rejuvenation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis process, including washing and drying, can be completed in 15 minutes, offering a compact yet immersive self-care experience.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ai-enhanced\"\u003eAI-enhanced\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe revival of the human washing machine aligns with broader trends toward health technology, smart devices, and the increasing integration of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/artificial-general-intelligence-understanding-future-ai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAI\u003c/a\u003e into our daily routines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fusion of biometric sensors and AI-driven emotional analysis represents a significant advancement in personalized wellness solutions. Such devices are revolutionizing various industries, blending convenience with cutting-edge innovation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFrom a market perspective, introducing a home-use \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-washing-tech-industry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emodel\u003c/a\u003e could disrupt the personal care sector, targeting consumers who prioritize efficiency, luxury, and avant-garde design.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConcepts like this pave the way for a future filled with more automated, AI-enhanced self-care solutions, potentially touching everything from fitness equipment to medical diagnostics.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs technology continues to evolve, the ability to customize experiences according to individual preferences will likely drive the shift towards hyper-personalization in our daily lives.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn this light, the human washing machine transcends its quirky origins to become a symbol of what is possible at the intersection of technology and everyday living, highlighting the future of wellness and self-care.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts emergence signals a nostalgic nod to the past and a visionary leap into a high-tech future where personal care is seamlessly integrated with advanced technology.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"95:T430,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company plans to offer trial experiences to 1,000 visitors during the expo, allowing seven to eight daily users to reserve a spot through a dedicated web platform.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-fighter-jet-inspired\"\u003eFighter jet-inspired\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis human washing machine has undergone a striking transformation, now resembling the cockpit of a sophisticated jet fighter.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts sleek, modern design features a transparent cover that opens with a pivoting motion.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOnce seated in the ergonomically designed center, users are surrounded by warm water that partially fills the chamber.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEmbedded advanced sensors monitor vital signs such as pulse rate, allowing for precise temperature adjustments to ensure a gentle and secure washing experience.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdding to the innovation, the integrated artificial intelligence system evaluates each user\u0026#8217;s emotional state—relaxed or excited—and projects tailored visual displays onto the transparent cover\u0026#8217;s interior, enhancing tranquility and rejuvenation.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"96:T506,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis process, including washing and drying, can be completed in 15 minutes, offering a compact yet immersive self-care experience.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ai-enhanced\"\u003eAI-enhanced\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe revival of the human washing machine aligns with broader trends toward health technology, smart devices, and the increasing integration of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/artificial-general-intelligence-understanding-future-ai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAI\u003c/a\u003e into our daily routines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fusion of biometric sensors and AI-driven emotional analysis represents a significant advancement in personalized wellness solutions. Such devices are revolutionizing various industries, blending convenience with cutting-edge innovation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFrom a market perspective, introducing a home-use \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-washing-tech-industry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emodel\u003c/a\u003e could disrupt the personal care sector, targeting consumers who prioritize efficiency, luxury, and avant-garde design.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConcepts like this pave the way for a future filled with more automated, AI-enhanced self-care solutions, potentially touching everything from fitness equipment to medical diagnostics.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"97:T1e0e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eAGI by 2025? Why experts are divided on the future of AI\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Like HAL 9000, modern AI shows intelligence without true understanding—mastering tasks but missing human-like intuition.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"AGI by 2025? Why experts are divided on the future of AI\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Like HAL 9000, modern AI shows intelligence without true understanding—mastering tasks but missing human-like intuition.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T16:28:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T16:28:07+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1_57c928.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Sejal Sharma\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sejal Sharma\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Sejal Sharma\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/509efea0bd86f772177457b7c1a16164\"},\"headline\":\"What is AGI, really? 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Big tech honchos predict human-level AI by 2025 or 2026\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/xXCBz_8hM9w\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"2812\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T16:28:00+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"98:T314b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSejal Sharma is IE\u0026#8217;s AI columnist, offering deep dives into the world of artificial intelligence and its transformative impact across industries. Her bi-monthly AI Logs column explores the latest trends, breakthroughs, and ethical dilemmas in AI, delivering expert analysis and fresh insights. To stay informed, subscribe to our \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/newsletters/ai-logs/subscribe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eAI Logs newsletter\u003c/a\u003e for exclusive content.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf you look at some of cinema\u0026#8217;s greatest and most bone-chilling villains, HAL 9000 from Stanley Kubrick\u0026#8217;s 1968 Marvel \u003cem\u003e2001: A Space Odyssey \u003c/em\u003eeasily ranks among the top 10.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHAL is one of the foremost portrayals of an artificial general intelligence (AGI), a human-level intellect or above in an artificial being. We never see him, but his words are creepily omnipresent in the film. \u0026#8220;I\u0026#8217;m sorry, Dave. I\u0026#8217;m afraid I can\u0026#8217;t do that,\u0026#8221; responds HAL to Dr David Bowman\u0026#8217;s request to re-enter the spacecraft, setting the stage for Bowman\u0026#8217;s slow and suffocating demise.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHAL\u0026#8217;s calm yet increasingly menacing tone builds a sense of dread, reminiscent of when Sir Anthony Hopkins played Hannibal Lecter in 1991 and incidentally took inspiration from HAL.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFast-forward to today, and HAL’s chilling presence feels uncomfortably relevant as big tech races to develop AGI. With industry leaders predicting its arrival within just a few years, the question arises: Are we building the next HAL? Or is true AGI still a distant dream clouded by challenges?\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile those questions are yet to be answered, some of the top leaders in the AI industry are peddling that AGI will be achieved by 2025 or 2026.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a recent interview, when Y Combinator\u0026#8217;s CEO Garry Tan asked OpenAI CEO Sam Altman what he\u0026#8217;s excited about in 2025, Altman said, \u0026#8220;AGI… that\u0026#8217;s the thing I\u0026#8217;ve been most excited about in my life,\u0026#8221; without elaborating on whether OpenAI has already developed it in their labs or not.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How To Build The Future: Sam Altman\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/xXCBz_8hM9w?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile venture capitalists and tech bros heading large corporations are inherently optimistic about the future of their products, Altman\u0026#8217;s prediction could have been brushed under the carpet had OpenAI not been the fastest-growing AI company in the world. But another AI CEO making a similar prediction has added fuel to all this AGI fire.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDario Amodei, CEO of Anthropic—the maker of AI chatbot Claude and a competitor to OpenAI\u0026#8217;s ChatGPT—also recently said that AGI can be expected in 2026 or 2027.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCommenting on the rapid progress of generative AI, Amodei explained, \u0026#8220;We\u0026#8217;re starting to get to PhD level, and last year we were at undergraduate level and the year before we were at the level of a high school student… but if you just eyeball the rate at which these capabilities are increasing, it does make you think that we\u0026#8217;ll get there by 2026 or 2027.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Dario Amodei: Anthropic CEO on Claude, AGI \u0026amp; the Future of AI \u0026amp; Humanity | Lex Fridman Podcast #452\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ugvHCXCOmm4?start=8254\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMillions of dollars are riding on these expectations. The global AI market size has gone from $124 billion in 2022 to $184 billion in 2024. It is expected to be an \u003ca href=\"https://www.statista.com/forecasts/1474143/global-ai-market-size\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eindustry worth $826 billion by 2030\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut erring on the side of caution, Amodei also said that many things could go wrong and derail the development of AGI. For example, \u0026#8220;We could run out of data. We might not be able to scale clusters as much as we want. Maybe Taiwan gets blown up or something, and then we can\u0026#8217;t produce as many GPUs as we want,\u0026#8221; he said amusingly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-is-ai-showing-signs-of-slowing-down\"\u003eIs AI showing signs of slowing down?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToo bad Amodei didn\u0026#8217;t bet on things going wrong (though that would have been a bet against himself), but in the last couple of months alone, we are seeing signs that things are…progressing rather slowly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the things the AI industry has truly believed is that the more data an AI model will train on, the more efficient it will become. By that logic, superintelligent AI would be the outcome of the availability of big data, accelerated increases in computing power, and advances in machine learning. But some of the pioneers of the AI industry seem to be contradicting this.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIlya Sutskever, co-founder of Safe Superintelligence and OpenAI, said that big gains from training AI on massive amounts of data have started to slow down.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The 2010s were the age of scaling, now we\u0026#8217;re back in the age of wonder and discovery once again. Everyone is looking for the next thing,\u0026#8221; Sutskever told \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/openai-rivals-seek-new-path-smarter-ai-current-methods-hit-limitations-2024-11-11/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eReuters\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e. \u0026#8220;Scaling the right thing matters more now than ever.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a separate report, some insiders told \u003ca href=\"https://www.theinformation.com/articles/openai-shifts-strategy-as-rate-of-gpt-ai-improvements-slows\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Information\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e that OpenAI\u0026#8217;s Orion is shining in language tasks but stumbling in coding—an area where expectations are sky-high. Another \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-11-13/openai-google-and-anthropic-are-struggling-to-build-more-advanced-ai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBloomberg\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e report claims that the leap from GPT-4 to Orion seems far less impressive than the giant strides from GPT-3 to GPT-4, and that\u0026#8217;s causing some raised eyebrows.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis trend isn\u0026#8217;t unique to OpenAI. Other major players like Google and Anthropic are also facing challenges with their latest models. These difficulties are prompting discussions about the need for new approaches to training AI beyond merely increasing model size and computational power.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA big part of the problem is also the AI industry\u0026#8217;s Achilles\u0026#8217; heel: data. OpenAI is running out of fresh training data and has set up a special team to hunt for more. Meanwhile, they\u0026#8217;re trying workarounds like fine-tuning models post-training, but that only papers over the cracks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-flailing-on-mathematical-reasoning\"\u003eFlailing on mathematical reasoning\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne other thing that shows that AI might not be where we thought it is is their performances in mathematical reasoning. Mathematical problems are widely used as benchmarks because they demand understanding of rules, the ability to manipulate them flexibly, and creativity in finding solutions—attributes often associated with human-like intelligence.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003ca href=\"https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.04872\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e published four days ago introduced a new benchmark called FrontierMath—a test with hundreds of very advanced math reasoning problems—to evaluate AI models. Researchers tested six top AI language models, namely OpenAI\u0026#8217;s o1-preview, o1-mini and GPT-4o, and Anthropic\u0026#8217;s Claude 3.5 Sonnet, xAI\u0026#8217;s Grok 2 Beta and Google\u0026#8217;s Gemini 1.5 Pro. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe results were disappointing—none of the models could solve even two percent of the problems, far worse than their performance on other math tests like GSM8K or AIME, where they\u0026#8217;ve almost maxed out their potential.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey also looked closer at the few problems that any model managed to solve. Even then, the results were inconsistent. For example, only one model—o1-preview—solved a problem correctly every single time it was tested.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-there-is-no-one-true-definition-of-agi\"\u003eThere is no one true definition of AGI\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAI pioneer \u003ca href=\"https://ojs.aaai.org/aimagazine/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/1850\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNils Nilsson\u0026#8217;s prediction\u003c/a\u003e in 2005 that \u0026#8220;achieving real human-level AI would necessarily imply that most of the tasks that humans perform for pay could be automated,\u0026#8221; emphasizes the challenge of defining AGI, as it raises questions about its societal implications. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThere will be a lot of debate when (or if) we finally hit AGI. And without a clear definition, researchers may disagree on whether a system truly qualifies as AGI.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis ambiguity was recently highlighted by Fei-Fei Li, the so-called \u0026#8216;godmother of AI\u0026#8217; and a key figure in AI development. She expressed that she doesn\u0026#8217;t truly know what AGI means.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;I come from academic AI and have been educated in the more rigorous and evidence-based methods, so I don\u0026#8217;t really know what all these words mean,\u0026#8221; \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2024/10/03/even-the-godmother-of-ai-has-no-idea-what-agi-is/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid Li\u003c/a\u003e. \u0026#8220;I frankly don\u0026#8217;t even know what AGI means. Like people say you know it when you see it, I guess I haven\u0026#8217;t seen it.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOthers, like \u003ca href=\"https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/sam-altman-artificial-intelligence-openai-profile.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eAltman\u003c/a\u003e and Amodei, define AGI more concretely, likening it to collaborating with a highly intelligent human colleague. However, these definitions vary, and some researchers still question whether these AI systems meet the necessary criteria.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne thing is certain: scaling up will be essential. OpenAI outlines a tiered approach to AGI, with \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-07-11/openai-sets-levels-to-track-progress-toward-superintelligent-ai?embedded-checkout=true\u0026amp;sref=HrWXCALa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003efive levels of AI intelligence\u003c/a\u003e, ranging from basic chatbots to fully autonomous systems capable of running organizations, which it calls AGI. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith the launch of the o1 model, OpenAI is currently at Level 2—the reasoners level. And by early next year, reports say it is expected to reach Level 3 after launching an autonomous\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-11-13/openai-nears-launch-of-ai-agents-to-automate-tasks-for-users\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e AI agent\u003c/a\u003e codenamed \u0026#8216;Operator.\u0026#8217; \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, considering the pace of progress and the recent reports of AI models showing signs of slowing down, Altman\u0026#8217;s prediction of achieving AGI by 2025 seems ambitious. How could AGI be reached by jumping two levels within a year, especially when the current trajectory suggests that AI\u0026#8217;s rapid advancements may be facing roadblocks?\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUltimately, as we continue to develop AI models, we may find ourselves in a situation similar to HAL 9000: a machine that seems to have intelligence yet remains somewhat distant from true human-like understanding. And with so many varying definitions of AGI, is there a chance that we might not recognize it when we finally see it?\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"99:T61d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile those questions are yet to be answered, some of the top leaders in the AI industry are peddling that AGI will be achieved by 2025 or 2026.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a recent interview, when Y Combinator\u0026#8217;s CEO Garry Tan asked OpenAI CEO Sam Altman what he\u0026#8217;s excited about in 2025, Altman said, \u0026#8220;AGI… that\u0026#8217;s the thing I\u0026#8217;ve been most excited about in my life,\u0026#8221; without elaborating on whether OpenAI has already developed it in their labs or not.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How To Build The Future: Sam Altman\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/xXCBz_8hM9w?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile venture capitalists and tech bros heading large corporations are inherently optimistic about the future of their products, Altman\u0026#8217;s prediction could have been brushed under the carpet had OpenAI not been the fastest-growing AI company in the world. But another AI CEO making a similar prediction has added fuel to all this AGI fire.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDario Amodei, CEO of Anthropic—the maker of AI chatbot Claude and a competitor to OpenAI\u0026#8217;s ChatGPT—also recently said that AGI can be expected in 2026 or 2027.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9a:T6c1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCommenting on the rapid progress of generative AI, Amodei explained, \u0026#8220;We\u0026#8217;re starting to get to PhD level, and last year we were at undergraduate level and the year before we were at the level of a high school student… but if you just eyeball the rate at which these capabilities are increasing, it does make you think that we\u0026#8217;ll get there by 2026 or 2027.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Dario Amodei: Anthropic CEO on Claude, AGI \u0026amp; the Future of AI \u0026amp; Humanity | Lex Fridman Podcast #452\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ugvHCXCOmm4?start=8254\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMillions of dollars are riding on these expectations. The global AI market size has gone from $124 billion in 2022 to $184 billion in 2024. It is expected to be an \u003ca href=\"https://www.statista.com/forecasts/1474143/global-ai-market-size\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eindustry worth $826 billion by 2030\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut erring on the side of caution, Amodei also said that many things could go wrong and derail the development of AGI. For example, \u0026#8220;We could run out of data. We might not be able to scale clusters as much as we want. Maybe Taiwan gets blown up or something, and then we can\u0026#8217;t produce as many GPUs as we want,\u0026#8221; he said amusingly.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9b:T564,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-is-ai-showing-signs-of-slowing-down\"\u003eIs AI showing signs of slowing down?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eToo bad Amodei didn\u0026#8217;t bet on things going wrong (though that would have been a bet against himself), but in the last couple of months alone, we are seeing signs that things are…progressing rather slowly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the things the AI industry has truly believed is that the more data an AI model will train on, the more efficient it will become. By that logic, superintelligent AI would be the outcome of the availability of big data, accelerated increases in computing power, and advances in machine learning. But some of the pioneers of the AI industry seem to be contradicting this.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIlya Sutskever, co-founder of Safe Superintelligence and OpenAI, said that big gains from training AI on massive amounts of data have started to slow down.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;The 2010s were the age of scaling, now we\u0026#8217;re back in the age of wonder and discovery once again. Everyone is looking for the next thing,\u0026#8221; Sutskever told \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/openai-rivals-seek-new-path-smarter-ai-current-methods-hit-limitations-2024-11-11/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eReuters\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e. \u0026#8220;Scaling the right thing matters more now than ever.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9c:T560,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a separate report, some insiders told \u003ca href=\"https://www.theinformation.com/articles/openai-shifts-strategy-as-rate-of-gpt-ai-improvements-slows\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Information\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e that OpenAI\u0026#8217;s Orion is shining in language tasks but stumbling in coding—an area where expectations are sky-high. Another \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-11-13/openai-google-and-anthropic-are-struggling-to-build-more-advanced-ai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBloomberg\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e report claims that the leap from GPT-4 to Orion seems far less impressive than the giant strides from GPT-3 to GPT-4, and that\u0026#8217;s causing some raised eyebrows.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis trend isn\u0026#8217;t unique to OpenAI. Other major players like Google and Anthropic are also facing challenges with their latest models. These difficulties are prompting discussions about the need for new approaches to training AI beyond merely increasing model size and computational power.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA big part of the problem is also the AI industry\u0026#8217;s Achilles\u0026#8217; heel: data. OpenAI is running out of fresh training data and has set up a special team to hunt for more. Meanwhile, they\u0026#8217;re trying workarounds like fine-tuning models post-training, but that only papers over the cracks.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9d:T4b0,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-flailing-on-mathematical-reasoning\"\u003eFlailing on mathematical reasoning\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne other thing that shows that AI might not be where we thought it is is their performances in mathematical reasoning. Mathematical problems are widely used as benchmarks because they demand understanding of rules, the ability to manipulate them flexibly, and creativity in finding solutions—attributes often associated with human-like intelligence.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003ca href=\"https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.04872\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estudy\u003c/a\u003e published four days ago introduced a new benchmark called FrontierMath—a test with hundreds of very advanced math reasoning problems—to evaluate AI models. Researchers tested six top AI language models, namely OpenAI\u0026#8217;s o1-preview, o1-mini and GPT-4o, and Anthropic\u0026#8217;s Claude 3.5 Sonnet, xAI\u0026#8217;s Grok 2 Beta and Google\u0026#8217;s Gemini 1.5 Pro. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe results were disappointing—none of the models could solve even two percent of the problems, far worse than their performance on other math tests like GSM8K or AIME, where they\u0026#8217;ve almost maxed out their potential.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9e:T4a3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey also looked closer at the few problems that any model managed to solve. Even then, the results were inconsistent. For example, only one model—o1-preview—solved a problem correctly every single time it was tested.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-there-is-no-one-true-definition-of-agi\"\u003eThere is no one true definition of AGI\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAI pioneer \u003ca href=\"https://ojs.aaai.org/aimagazine/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/1850\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNils Nilsson\u0026#8217;s prediction\u003c/a\u003e in 2005 that \u0026#8220;achieving real human-level AI would necessarily imply that most of the tasks that humans perform for pay could be automated,\u0026#8221; emphasizes the challenge of defining AGI, as it raises questions about its societal implications. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThere will be a lot of debate when (or if) we finally hit AGI. And without a clear definition, researchers may disagree on whether a system truly qualifies as AGI.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis ambiguity was recently highlighted by Fei-Fei Li, the so-called \u0026#8216;godmother of AI\u0026#8217; and a key figure in AI development. She expressed that she doesn\u0026#8217;t truly know what AGI means.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"9f:T722,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;I come from academic AI and have been educated in the more rigorous and evidence-based methods, so I don\u0026#8217;t really know what all these words mean,\u0026#8221; \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2024/10/03/even-the-godmother-of-ai-has-no-idea-what-agi-is/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid Li\u003c/a\u003e. \u0026#8220;I frankly don\u0026#8217;t even know what AGI means. Like people say you know it when you see it, I guess I haven\u0026#8217;t seen it.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOthers, like \u003ca href=\"https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/sam-altman-artificial-intelligence-openai-profile.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eAltman\u003c/a\u003e and Amodei, define AGI more concretely, likening it to collaborating with a highly intelligent human colleague. However, these definitions vary, and some researchers still question whether these AI systems meet the necessary criteria.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne thing is certain: scaling up will be essential. OpenAI outlines a tiered approach to AGI, with \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-07-11/openai-sets-levels-to-track-progress-toward-superintelligent-ai?embedded-checkout=true\u0026amp;sref=HrWXCALa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003efive levels of AI intelligence\u003c/a\u003e, ranging from basic chatbots to fully autonomous systems capable of running organizations, which it calls AGI. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith the launch of the o1 model, OpenAI is currently at Level 2—the reasoners level. And by early next year, reports say it is expected to reach Level 3 after launching an autonomous\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-11-13/openai-nears-launch-of-ai-agents-to-automate-tasks-for-users\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e AI agent\u003c/a\u003e codenamed \u0026#8216;Operator.\u0026#8217; \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a0:T1f13,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eExtinct human species found in North China with unique large heads\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers believe that the extinct human species lived in small groups, which might have made them susceptible to snowstorms.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Extinct human species found in North China with unique large heads\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Researchers believe that the extinct human species lived in small groups, which might have made them susceptible to snowstorms.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T15:24:28+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T15:24:35+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-9.14.40-PM.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Maria Mocerino\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Maria Mocerino\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Maria Mocerino\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/18ef4371d3a236cd39a45fb8bc456105\"},\"headline\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human 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Ossuary\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Science\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required 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content=\"2024-11-26T15:24:28+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a1:T13a1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eA new species of hominin or humans has been discovered in Northern China with an unforgettable physical feature— large heads. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEveryone knows the Neanderthals, homo sapiens, and Denisovans are amongst the first human species. The sapiens are considered the modern humans in that grouping that migrated out of Africa. However, according to research out of China, the number of prehistoric human species might be growing.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The morphological diversity among late Quaternary hominin fossils from eastern Asia is greater than we expected,” the authors of a new study stated. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, “a number of new eastern Asian hominin taxa” have appeared on researcher’s radar over the past several decades. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAmong them, making headlines, is a new species that has been given an apt name \u0026#8211; Homo juluensis \u0026#8211; for their strikingly large heads. Ju Lu means “huge head\u0026#8221; in Chinese, as the \u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post\u003c/em\u003e reports. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe ancient human with an impressive head size is shaking up this area of science that lies at the foundation of us, humans. Study authors propose that the Denisovans are actually\u0026nbsp;Homo juluensis\u0026nbsp;and that this research contributes to the “decolonization” of the field so that Asia can assume its rightful place.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-new-species-of-hominid-in-china-homo-juluensis\"\u003eA new species of hominid in China: Homo juluensis\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1970s, fossils belonging to 16 individuals were found in two different locations in China. They appeared to belong to a unique species. Thousands of artifacts, stone tools, and animal bones were also uncovered. Strikingly, as lead researchers explained, they seemed to have stumbled upon a horse kill site.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHomo juluensis\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003eseemed to have hunted wild horses as a group which they would use entirely, consuming the meat, marrow, and cartilage, and making clothes with the hides with stone tools to survive the brutal winters. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith such an evocative snapshot of the inner workings of this proposed new human species, it sparks many questions, as to what happened to them. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers believe that they lived in small groups, which might have made them susceptible to snowstorms, but they seemed to disappear about 120,000 years ago as modern humans began to migrate across the world. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-new-era-for-the-earliest-humans\"\u003eA new era for the earliest humans?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut first, study authors strike a clear line between this new species of hominin with others but draw a controversial similarity to the Denisovans. Their teeth are alike, leading them to suggest that the Denisovans aren’t related to the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthals-hunted-cave-lions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eNeanderthals\u003c/a\u003e but are, in fact, Homo juluensis.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eChinese researchers argued to\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;that Denisovan refers to a general population rather than a specific species. But Westerners want Chinese fossils to take on this name, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/how-neanderthals-and-denisovans-interbred-due-to-early-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDenisovan\u003c/a\u003e, but they are proposing the opposite if a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ancient-human-genetic-material-found-preserved-in-2-million-year-old-teeth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enew species\u003c/a\u003e has been identified, which they claim has been done.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt’s time to reorganize our understanding of the first humans, according to research heads Christopher Bae and Wu Xiujie. As they told\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3288005/big-head-big-teeth-big-implications-early-hominid-china-stirs-new-species-debate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e,\u0026nbsp;“\u003c/em\u003emultiple hominin lineages” are turning up in research dating back between 300,000-50,000 years ago.\u0026nbsp;So we might have more than one human species to add to the prehistoric list. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“The eastern Asian record is prompting us to recognize just how complex human evolution is more generally and really forcing us to revise and rethink our interpretations of various evolutionary models to better match the growing fossil record.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Return of the Ekranoplan\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-hr-Qc4Dz0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a2:T447,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-new-species-of-hominid-in-china-homo-juluensis\"\u003eA new species of hominid in China: Homo juluensis\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1970s, fossils belonging to 16 individuals were found in two different locations in China. They appeared to belong to a unique species. Thousands of artifacts, stone tools, and animal bones were also uncovered. Strikingly, as lead researchers explained, they seemed to have stumbled upon a horse kill site.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHomo juluensis\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003eseemed to have hunted wild horses as a group which they would use entirely, consuming the meat, marrow, and cartilage, and making clothes with the hides with stone tools to survive the brutal winters. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith such an evocative snapshot of the inner workings of this proposed new human species, it sparks many questions, as to what happened to them. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers believe that they lived in small groups, which might have made them susceptible to snowstorms, but they seemed to disappear about 120,000 years ago as modern humans began to migrate across the world. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a3:T6ef,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-new-era-for-the-earliest-humans\"\u003eA new era for the earliest humans?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut first, study authors strike a clear line between this new species of hominin with others but draw a controversial similarity to the Denisovans. Their teeth are alike, leading them to suggest that the Denisovans aren’t related to the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/neanderthals-hunted-cave-lions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eNeanderthals\u003c/a\u003e but are, in fact, Homo juluensis.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eChinese researchers argued to\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;that Denisovan refers to a general population rather than a specific species. But Westerners want Chinese fossils to take on this name, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/how-neanderthals-and-denisovans-interbred-due-to-early-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eDenisovan\u003c/a\u003e, but they are proposing the opposite if a \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ancient-human-genetic-material-found-preserved-in-2-million-year-old-teeth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003enew species\u003c/a\u003e has been identified, which they claim has been done.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt’s time to reorganize our understanding of the first humans, according to research heads Christopher Bae and Wu Xiujie. As they told\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3288005/big-head-big-teeth-big-implications-early-hominid-china-stirs-new-species-debate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e,\u0026nbsp;“\u003c/em\u003emultiple hominin lineages” are turning up in research dating back between 300,000-50,000 years ago.\u0026nbsp;So we might have more than one human species to add to the prehistoric list. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a4:T1fab,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eUK: Robot dogs are sniffing out profits in agriculture for farmers\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"UK scientists trial robots with gamma ray detectors to map soil health, offering faster, precise insights to 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property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T15:04:18+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T15:04:25+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T193826.433.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" 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content=\"2024-11-26T15:04:18+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a5:T1bd6,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eScientists are testing a new robotic technology to help farmers quickly assess soil health in the United Kingdom.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA gamma ray detector, developed by a local Cornish company, is being used to map soil quality on fields in Cornwell. The detector is mounted on tracked robots and quadrupeds for accessibility and quicker turnaround times. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to a British news provider, the trial, which is being conducted in collaboration with the University of Plymouth, aims to provide farmers with more efficient ways to monitor soil conditions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe technology, which offers faster and more accurate results than traditional methods, could boost farm profitability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-regenerative-farming\"\u003eRegenerative farming\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGlobally, 12 million hectares of agricultural soil are lost annually due to degradation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn England and Wales, a 2019 UK Environment Agency report revealed that 17% of soils showed signs of erosion, with four million hectares at risk of compaction from grazing animals or heavy machinery. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAn additional 300,000 hectares were polluted. Despite these challenges, soil health metrics remain hard to quantify, and governments rarely implement long-term systematic sampling strategies.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFarmers are increasingly adopting regenerative agriculture to combat soil degradation and promote recovery. Practices like planting cover crops, reducing tillage, direct drilling, managing grazing carefully, planting trees, and boosting organic matter help protect and restore soils.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How are robots built?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/oHKCwyUa2rg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, innovative technologies are enabling farmers and scientists to measure soil conditions more accurately. By working together, ecologists and farmers are turning to sustainable strategies to address the global soil crisis and safeguard agricultural productivity for the future.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDespite extensive research on soils, it has become apparent that soil assessments, particularly those advised for farmers, often prioritize physical and chemical measures. These assessments frequently overlook the diverse communities of organisms—ranging from microbes and fungi to earthworms and plants—that inhabit the soil.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAdditionally, sampling strategies rarely account for the significant variations in soil conditions, which can differ greatly within a single field or across seasons.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;Detecting changes over years or between management practices is often prohibitively expensive to farmers, as large numbers of replicate samples are needed. New research and technology can help close this gap,\u0026#8221; said Jennifer Rowntree, associate professor in Ecological Genetics, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, in an \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/from-robots-and-drones-to-sheep-trackers-new-tech-can-help-farmers-monitor-and-improve-soil-health-227250\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003earticle\u003c/a\u003e on \u003cem\u003eThe Conversation\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-farming-tech-advancements-including-robots\"\u003eFarming tech advancements -including robots\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlowing and other intensive agricultural techniques disturb microbial networks and release stored carbon, which has a substantial negative influence on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/electrically-conductive-soil-boosts-growth-by-50-in-plants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esoil\u003c/a\u003e health. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to researchers, while industrial fertilizers and pesticides damage soil organisms and contaminate streams, heavy grazing compacts the soil, decreasing its ability to absorb water. New robot using technologies provide ways to monitor and safeguard the health of the soil.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSatellite sensors, which offer precise photos, make tracking plant growth, disease, soil deterioration, and water content possible. Thanks to these insights, farmers are better able to make decisions regarding sustainable practices.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSoil sensors—like portable near-infrared devices—measure \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/novel-molecules-organic-flow-batteries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eorganic\u003c/a\u003e matter without disturbing crops. Mounted on drones or robotic \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/engineers-create-robots-function-without-electricity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplatforms\u003c/a\u003e, they can navigate rough terrain efficiently, while robotic “dogs” access tight spaces like hedgerows. Soil microbial chemical reactions may even power future sensors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How AI Farming Robots Can Fix Agriculture\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/aVcQp-WQbF0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the recent project, the £25,000 gamma detector from Robotriks, measures naturally occurring radiation levels in soil, offering a faster alternative to traditional methods. Typically, soil samples are manually collected from several field areas and sent to a laboratory, and results take days or weeks to arrive.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5yxw9wr3j4o\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eBBC\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e claims that the procedure is expensive and time-consuming, restricting the number of samples a farmer can afford. By offering thorough maps of soil properties, the new tool mounted on the robot seeks to expedite this process and facilitate more rapid, data-driven farming decisions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnimal sensors also monitor cattle movements, detecting regions where soil compaction is likely to occur. These sensors, in conjunction with long-range networks like LoRaWAN, ensure dependable data transmission even in remote locations.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDNA technology is also advancing soil monitoring. Thanks to handheld sequencers that map microbial communities and quickly identify dangerous infections like Fusarium, farmers can now swiftly modify their methods.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Rowntree, collaborative efforts between researchers and farmers are vital for developing accessible tools to monitor soil health. These innovations support sustainable farming, ensuring soil preservation for future generations.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a6:Tb17,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-regenerative-farming\"\u003eRegenerative farming\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGlobally, 12 million hectares of agricultural soil are lost annually due to degradation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn England and Wales, a 2019 UK Environment Agency report revealed that 17% of soils showed signs of erosion, with four million hectares at risk of compaction from grazing animals or heavy machinery. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAn additional 300,000 hectares were polluted. Despite these challenges, soil health metrics remain hard to quantify, and governments rarely implement long-term systematic sampling strategies.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFarmers are increasingly adopting regenerative agriculture to combat soil degradation and promote recovery. Practices like planting cover crops, reducing tillage, direct drilling, managing grazing carefully, planting trees, and boosting organic matter help protect and restore soils.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How are robots built?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/oHKCwyUa2rg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, innovative technologies are enabling farmers and scientists to measure soil conditions more accurately. By working together, ecologists and farmers are turning to sustainable strategies to address the global soil crisis and safeguard agricultural productivity for the future.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDespite extensive research on soils, it has become apparent that soil assessments, particularly those advised for farmers, often prioritize physical and chemical measures. These assessments frequently overlook the diverse communities of organisms—ranging from microbes and fungi to earthworms and plants—that inhabit the soil.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAdditionally, sampling strategies rarely account for the significant variations in soil conditions, which can differ greatly within a single field or across seasons.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026#8220;Detecting changes over years or between management practices is often prohibitively expensive to farmers, as large numbers of replicate samples are needed. New research and technology can help close this gap,\u0026#8221; said Jennifer Rowntree, associate professor in Ecological Genetics, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, in an \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/from-robots-and-drones-to-sheep-trackers-new-tech-can-help-farmers-monitor-and-improve-soil-health-227250\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003earticle\u003c/a\u003e on \u003cem\u003eThe Conversation\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a7:T630,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-farming-tech-advancements-including-robots\"\u003eFarming tech advancements -including robots\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlowing and other intensive agricultural techniques disturb microbial networks and release stored carbon, which has a substantial negative influence on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/electrically-conductive-soil-boosts-growth-by-50-in-plants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esoil\u003c/a\u003e health. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to researchers, while industrial fertilizers and pesticides damage soil organisms and contaminate streams, heavy grazing compacts the soil, decreasing its ability to absorb water. New robot using technologies provide ways to monitor and safeguard the health of the soil.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSatellite sensors, which offer precise photos, make tracking plant growth, disease, soil deterioration, and water content possible. Thanks to these insights, farmers are better able to make decisions regarding sustainable practices.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSoil sensors—like portable near-infrared devices—measure \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/novel-molecules-organic-flow-batteries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eorganic\u003c/a\u003e matter without disturbing crops. Mounted on drones or robotic \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/engineers-create-robots-function-without-electricity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplatforms\u003c/a\u003e, they can navigate rough terrain efficiently, while robotic “dogs” access tight spaces like hedgerows. Soil microbial chemical reactions may even power future sensors.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a8:T6e5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How AI Farming Robots Can Fix Agriculture\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/aVcQp-WQbF0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the recent project, the £25,000 gamma detector from Robotriks, measures naturally occurring radiation levels in soil, offering a faster alternative to traditional methods. Typically, soil samples are manually collected from several field areas and sent to a laboratory, and results take days or weeks to arrive.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5yxw9wr3j4o\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eBBC\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e claims that the procedure is expensive and time-consuming, restricting the number of samples a farmer can afford. By offering thorough maps of soil properties, the new tool mounted on the robot seeks to expedite this process and facilitate more rapid, data-driven farming decisions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnimal sensors also monitor cattle movements, detecting regions where soil compaction is likely to occur. These sensors, in conjunction with long-range networks like LoRaWAN, ensure dependable data transmission even in remote locations.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDNA technology is also advancing soil monitoring. Thanks to handheld sequencers that map microbial communities and quickly identify dangerous infections like Fusarium, farmers can now swiftly modify their methods.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a9:T209e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eMIT develops new industrial water filter inspired by manta rays\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Inspired by this natural filtering mechanism, MIT engineers have designed new water filters for industrial purposes. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MIT develops new industrial water filter inspired by manta rays\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Inspired by this natural filtering mechanism, MIT engineers have designed new water filters for industrial purposes. \" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:15:19+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:15:27+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/696f755f1eed421bdfd49e34e42a53ae\"},\"headline\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:27+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\"},\"wordCount\":557,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Engineers fabricated a simple water filter modeled after the mobula ray’s plankton-filtering features. 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Credits: Photo: Jennifer Chu\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"News\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Science\",\"item\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#website\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\",\"name\":\"Interesting Engineering\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Interesting_Engineering-1.jpg\",\"width\":590,\"height\":198,\"caption\":\"Interesting Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/logo/image/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\",\"https://x.com/IntEngineering\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/interestingengineering/\"],\"email\":\"info@interestingengineering.com\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"},\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/home-page\"}]}\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video\" content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/PEKXB3N6g3I\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"324\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:15:19+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"aa:T15d9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers often seek inspiration from natural systems to address technical problems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eManta rays are filter feeders, sifting plankton from seawater as they swim.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInspired by this natural filtering mechanism, MIT engineers have designed new water filters for industrial purposes.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey studied how mobula rays — a fish family that includes manta and devil rays — filter feed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe mobula ray\u0026#8217;s mouth is lined with comb-like structures called plates that create vortices. These vortices trap plankton particles, directing them into the ray\u0026#8217;s gullet.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We show that the mobula ray has evolved the geometry of these plates to be the perfect size to balance feeding and breathing,” said Anette “Peko” Hosoi, the study author at MIT.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-123196\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg 900w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg?resize=300,200 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg?resize=768,512 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eMobula rays engulf seawater and use specialized filters in their oral cavity to separate food particles.\u0026nbsp;Jing Xue\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-filter-with-permeability-and-selectivity\"\u003eFilter with permeability and selectivity\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIndustrial filters require a balance between permeability and selectivity. This determines how readily fluid can pass through a filter and its ability to capture particles of a specific size.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, the mobula ray efficiently balances both permeability and selectivity in its feeding mechanism.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers questioned if the ray\u0026#8217;s efficient design could inspire improvements in industrial filters.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey fabricated a simple filter and referred to its design as a “leaky channel.” Basically, a device consisting of a pipe with openings along its sides.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe filter consisted of two flat, transparent acrylic plates. They are glued together at their ends, creating a long, narrow channel between them. This channel allows liquid to pass through it.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, they inserted 3D-printed structures, mimicking the mobula ray\u0026#8217;s mouth grooves, at one end of this channel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How do we get clean drinking water?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/PEKXB3N6g3I?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cross-flow-filtration-blueprint\"\u003eCross-flow filtration blueprint\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers experimented with different \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mits-new-silk-cellulose-water-filter-blocks-stubborn-forever-chemicals-metals\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ewater\u003c/a\u003e flow rates in their filters. Dye was added to the water to track its flow.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAt low flow rates, the water smoothly passed through the grooves. However, as the flow rate increased, the water began to swirl at the entrance of each groove, forming vortices. This vortex formation prevented particles from passing through the filter.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This vortex is not blocking water, but it is blocking particles,” Hosoi explained.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Whereas in a slower flow, particles go through the filter with the water, at higher flow rates, particles try to get through the filter but are blocked by this vortex and are shot down the channel instead. The vortex is helpful because it prevents particles from flowing out,” Hosoi added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team suggests that the formation of vortices is the key to the mobula ray\u0026#8217;s ability to efficiently filter plankton from water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, they utilized experimental results and mobula ray-filtering dimensions to develop a cross-flow \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/device-ultra-clean-water-hydroponic-system\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efiltration\u003c/a\u003e blueprint.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“You want to design a filter such that you’re in the regime where you generate vortices,” Hosoi said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our guidelines tell you: If you want your plant to pump at a certain rate, then your filter has to have a particular pore diameter and spacing to generate vortices that will filter out particles of this size. The mobula ray is giving us a really nice rule of thumb for rational design,” the author concluded in the \u003ca href=\"https://news.mit.edu/2024/mit-engineers-design-manta-ray-inspired-water-filters-1125\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2410018121\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ab:T7bb,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We show that the mobula ray has evolved the geometry of these plates to be the perfect size to balance feeding and breathing,” said Anette “Peko” Hosoi, the study author at MIT.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-123196\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg 900w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg?resize=300,200 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MIT-MantaRay-Filter-02-press.jpeg?resize=768,512 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eMobula rays engulf seawater and use specialized filters in their oral cavity to separate food particles.\u0026nbsp;Jing Xue\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-filter-with-permeability-and-selectivity\"\u003eFilter with permeability and selectivity\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIndustrial filters require a balance between permeability and selectivity. This determines how readily fluid can pass through a filter and its ability to capture particles of a specific size.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, the mobula ray efficiently balances both permeability and selectivity in its feeding mechanism.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers questioned if the ray\u0026#8217;s efficient design could inspire improvements in industrial filters.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey fabricated a simple filter and referred to its design as a “leaky channel.” Basically, a device consisting of a pipe with openings along its sides.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe filter consisted of two flat, transparent acrylic plates. They are glued together at their ends, creating a long, narrow channel between them. This channel allows liquid to pass through it.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ac:T6d7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, they inserted 3D-printed structures, mimicking the mobula ray\u0026#8217;s mouth grooves, at one end of this channel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How do we get clean drinking water?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/PEKXB3N6g3I?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cross-flow-filtration-blueprint\"\u003eCross-flow filtration blueprint\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers experimented with different \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mits-new-silk-cellulose-water-filter-blocks-stubborn-forever-chemicals-metals\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ewater\u003c/a\u003e flow rates in their filters. Dye was added to the water to track its flow.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAt low flow rates, the water smoothly passed through the grooves. However, as the flow rate increased, the water began to swirl at the entrance of each groove, forming vortices. This vortex formation prevented particles from passing through the filter.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This vortex is not blocking water, but it is blocking particles,” Hosoi explained.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Whereas in a slower flow, particles go through the filter with the water, at higher flow rates, particles try to get through the filter but are blocked by this vortex and are shot down the channel instead. The vortex is helpful because it prevents particles from flowing out,” Hosoi added.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ad:T4d9,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team suggests that the formation of vortices is the key to the mobula ray\u0026#8217;s ability to efficiently filter plankton from water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, they utilized experimental results and mobula ray-filtering dimensions to develop a cross-flow \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/device-ultra-clean-water-hydroponic-system\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efiltration\u003c/a\u003e blueprint.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“You want to design a filter such that you’re in the regime where you generate vortices,” Hosoi said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our guidelines tell you: If you want your plant to pump at a certain rate, then your filter has to have a particular pore diameter and spacing to generate vortices that will filter out particles of this size. The mobula ray is giving us a really nice rule of thumb for rational design,” the author concluded in the \u003ca href=\"https://news.mit.edu/2024/mit-engineers-design-manta-ray-inspired-water-filters-1125\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2410018121\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ae:T1f49,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eSpin-powered crystals could boost hydrogen production 200 times\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"These crystals can 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content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:14:23+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:14:30+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-3_448eae.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi Dixit\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta 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/\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"af:T12fb,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eHydrogen is increasingly seen as an important element in the transition to a low-carbon future. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNow, researchers have discovered a new approach to improve the efficiency of water splitting, a process that produces clean hydrogen fuel.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMax Planck Institute researchers used a special type of crystal called\u0026nbsp;topological chiral crystals.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese crystals, with their unique chiral structure, possess extraordinary quantum properties. They can manipulate the spin of electrons, allowing for a highly efficient water-splitting process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;By leveraging the unique spin properties of electrons, we\u0026#8217;ve created a catalyst that outperforms traditional materials by a factor of 200,\u0026#8221; said Binghai Yan.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overcoming-slow-reaction-challenge\"\u003eOvercoming slow reaction challenge \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/hydrogen-storage-iron-rust-battery\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eHydrogen\u003c/a\u003e is a versatile fuel that can be used in various applications, including transportation, power generation, and industrial processes. It offers a clean and sustainable alternative to greenhouse gas-emitting fossil fuels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, it can be stored and transported efficiently, making it a valuable solution for storing excess renewable energy. Therefore, the demand is expected to exponentially increase in the coming years. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWater splitting is a promising technique for producing clean hydrogen energy by breaking water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, this process is hindered by the slow oxygen evolution reaction (OER).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe OER involves a complex series of electron transfer steps, which are inherently slow. This sluggishness majorly reduces the overall efficiency of water splitting, making it less cost-effective.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo overcome this challenge, researchers are actively exploring new ways to accelerate the process.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn this new development, the researchers turned to these crystals with unique \u0026#8220;chiral\u0026#8221; structures.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;These crystals are essentially quantum machines,\u0026#8221; said Dr. Xia Wang, lead researcher from the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese crystals possess a distinct left- or right-handed atomic arrangement, which allows them to interact with light and other chiral molecules in specific ways.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis manipulation helps to speed up the oxygen evolution reaction for successful water splitting.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"World’s First Hydrogen-Powered Outboard\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/p3qhZaBOEoQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-enhances-the-process\"\u003eEnhances the process\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers designed topological chiral crystals, which were composed of various elements like rhodium, silicon, tin, and bismuth. This provides the crystals with a remarkable ability to manipulate the spin of electrons.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe unique quantum properties of these crystals allow electrons to move more efficiently toward the oxygen generation sites during the water-splitting process.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis accelerated electron transfer significantly boosts the overall reaction rate, making it 200 times more efficient than traditional catalysts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We are aware that our catalysts still contain rare elements, however we are confident that based on our design scheme we will come up soon with highly efficient and also sustainable catalysts,” Yan added in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpfs.mpg.de/3695333/20241125?c=1622021\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery has the potential to advance the energy sector. With more efficient hydrogen production, it can power our homes, vehicles, and industries with clean, renewable energy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sustainable-hydrogen-solar-power\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eclean hydrogen\u003c/a\u003e production faces challenges like high costs and efficiency issues, but continued research and development promise to make it a crucial part of a clean energy future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-024-01674-9\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eNature Energy.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b0:T525,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;By leveraging the unique spin properties of electrons, we\u0026#8217;ve created a catalyst that outperforms traditional materials by a factor of 200,\u0026#8221; said Binghai Yan.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-overcoming-slow-reaction-challenge\"\u003eOvercoming slow reaction challenge \u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/hydrogen-storage-iron-rust-battery\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eHydrogen\u003c/a\u003e is a versatile fuel that can be used in various applications, including transportation, power generation, and industrial processes. It offers a clean and sustainable alternative to greenhouse gas-emitting fossil fuels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, it can be stored and transported efficiently, making it a valuable solution for storing excess renewable energy. Therefore, the demand is expected to exponentially increase in the coming years. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWater splitting is a promising technique for producing clean hydrogen energy by breaking water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, this process is hindered by the slow oxygen evolution reaction (OER).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe OER involves a complex series of electron transfer steps, which are inherently slow. This sluggishness majorly reduces the overall efficiency of water splitting, making it less cost-effective.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b1:T62f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo overcome this challenge, researchers are actively exploring new ways to accelerate the process.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn this new development, the researchers turned to these crystals with unique \u0026#8220;chiral\u0026#8221; structures.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;These crystals are essentially quantum machines,\u0026#8221; said Dr. Xia Wang, lead researcher from the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese crystals possess a distinct left- or right-handed atomic arrangement, which allows them to interact with light and other chiral molecules in specific ways.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis manipulation helps to speed up the oxygen evolution reaction for successful water splitting.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"World’s First Hydrogen-Powered Outboard\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/p3qhZaBOEoQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-enhances-the-process\"\u003eEnhances the process\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers designed topological chiral crystals, which were composed of various elements like rhodium, silicon, tin, and bismuth. This provides the crystals with a remarkable ability to manipulate the spin of electrons.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b2:T49e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe unique quantum properties of these crystals allow electrons to move more efficiently toward the oxygen generation sites during the water-splitting process.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis accelerated electron transfer significantly boosts the overall reaction rate, making it 200 times more efficient than traditional catalysts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We are aware that our catalysts still contain rare elements, however we are confident that based on our design scheme we will come up soon with highly efficient and also sustainable catalysts,” Yan added in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpfs.mpg.de/3695333/20241125?c=1622021\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress release.\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis discovery has the potential to advance the energy sector. With more efficient hydrogen production, it can power our homes, vehicles, and industries with clean, renewable energy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sustainable-hydrogen-solar-power\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eclean hydrogen\u003c/a\u003e production faces challenges like high costs and efficiency issues, but continued research and development promise to make it a crucial part of a clean energy future.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b3:T208d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eeVinci microreactors to be used for new floating nuclear power plants\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Floating nuclear power plants will allow operators to deploy microreactors to areas that would otherwise be underserved.\" 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property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:07:10+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:07:18+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/core-power-nuclear.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Chris Young\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta 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content=\"2024-11-26T14:07:10+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b4:T1681,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company and CORE POWER have announced a cooperative agreement to jointly design and develop a floating nuclear power plant (FNPP). The companies will use Westinghouse Electric Company\u0026#8217;s eVinci nuclear microreactor as the foundation for the FNPP. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Westinghouse, eVinci is capable of operating for eight years without refueling. That reliability, as well as the flexibility of shipping deployment, will make it a potent energy source.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFloating reactors have the potential to alter our relationship with nuclear power, as they provide a highly transportable source of cost-effective nuclear power. According to CORE POWER, this flexibility will be crucial for governments to reach their net zero goals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-no-net-zero-without-nuclear\"\u003e\u0026#8220;No net zero without nuclear\u0026#8221;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFNPPs will allow operators to deploy nuclear microreactors to areas that would otherwise be underserved. They could also send more reactors as needed to areas where demand is high. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy operating offshore, these floating reactors are also safe from tsunamis, earthquakes, and other natural disasters. Thus, they can preemptively prevent nuclear disasters like the one seen \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-retrieves-melted-fuel-from-fukushima-reactor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ein Fukushima\u003c/a\u003e, Japan, following the 2012 earthquake and tsunami in the region.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company claims its eVinci nuclear microreactor is perfectly suited to this type of transportability. It requires very little maintenance. What\u0026#8217;s more, it can operate for up to eight years at full capacity without refueling.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnder the agreement, Westinghouse Electric Company will also utilize its proprietary heat pipe technology. This technology improves reliability and enables a non-pressurized method for passively transferring heat from the nuclear core to a power conversion system. This removes the need for water cooling and complex systems. CORE POWER will bring its expertise with floating power plant solutions to the table.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“There’s no net zero without nuclear,\u0026#8221; Mikal Bøe, CEO of CORE POWER explained in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20241125066795/en/Westinghouse-and-CORE-POWER-Partner-for-Floating-Nuclear-Power-Plants-Using-eVinci%E2%84%A2-Microreactors\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress statement\u003c/a\u003e. \u0026#8220;A long series of identical turnkey power plants using multiple installations of the Westinghouse eVinci microreactor delivered by sea, creates a real opportunity to scale nuclear as the perfect solution to meet the rapidly growing demand for clean, flexible and reliable electricity delivered on time and on budget.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Our unique partnership with Westinghouse is a game changer for how customers buy nuclear energy,” he continued.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Small Modular Reactors Are Shaping the Future of Energy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6KUuUh8uaLo?start=361\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-evinci-microreactor\"\u003eThe eVinci microreactor\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company\u0026#8217;s eVinci microreactor essentially works as a battery, the company says. It is fully assembled in the factory and can be easily shipped in a container. The machine has very few moving parts and can be used for power systems ranging from just a few kilowatts to five megawatts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eeVinvi is also capable of producing high-temperature heat for industrial applications, including the production of hydrogen fuel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“With this groundbreaking agreement, we will demonstrate the viability of the eVinci technology for innovative use cases where power is needed in remote locations or in areas with land limitations,” said Jon Ball, President of eVinci Technologies at Westinghouse. “We look forward to our partnership with CORE POWER, bringing the unique advantages of eVinci microreactors to maritime and coastal applications, potentially even paving the way for future disaster relief efforts.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company has a strong track record, having supplied the world’s first commercial pressurized water reactor in 1957. The firm also says its technology forms the basis for almost half of all operating nuclear plants worldwide. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn September, the company \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/evinci-milestone-microreactor-ready-for-testing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eannounced\u003c/a\u003e it had successfully completed the Front-End Engineering and Experimenting Design (FEEED) phase of the eVinci microreactor. That milestone paves the way for testing of a 5MW microreactor within two years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMany believe nuclear energy will be crucial to bridge the gap as government\u0026#8217;s worldwide scale their renewable energy infrastructure. As such, other firms like the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/seaborg-producing-thousands-cheap-floating-nuclear-reactors\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eUS\u0026#8217;s Seaborg\u003c/a\u003e, are also looking to build large fleets of floating reactors to provide the energy we need to move away from fossil fuels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b5:T4f3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFloating reactors have the potential to alter our relationship with nuclear power, as they provide a highly transportable source of cost-effective nuclear power. According to CORE POWER, this flexibility will be crucial for governments to reach their net zero goals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-no-net-zero-without-nuclear\"\u003e\u0026#8220;No net zero without nuclear\u0026#8221;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFNPPs will allow operators to deploy nuclear microreactors to areas that would otherwise be underserved. They could also send more reactors as needed to areas where demand is high. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy operating offshore, these floating reactors are also safe from tsunamis, earthquakes, and other natural disasters. Thus, they can preemptively prevent nuclear disasters like the one seen \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-retrieves-melted-fuel-from-fukushima-reactor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ein Fukushima\u003c/a\u003e, Japan, following the 2012 earthquake and tsunami in the region.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company claims its eVinci nuclear microreactor is perfectly suited to this type of transportability. It requires very little maintenance. What\u0026#8217;s more, it can operate for up to eight years at full capacity without refueling.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b6:T456,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUnder the agreement, Westinghouse Electric Company will also utilize its proprietary heat pipe technology. This technology improves reliability and enables a non-pressurized method for passively transferring heat from the nuclear core to a power conversion system. This removes the need for water cooling and complex systems. CORE POWER will bring its expertise with floating power plant solutions to the table.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“There’s no net zero without nuclear,\u0026#8221; Mikal Bøe, CEO of CORE POWER explained in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20241125066795/en/Westinghouse-and-CORE-POWER-Partner-for-Floating-Nuclear-Power-Plants-Using-eVinci%E2%84%A2-Microreactors\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epress statement\u003c/a\u003e. \u0026#8220;A long series of identical turnkey power plants using multiple installations of the Westinghouse eVinci microreactor delivered by sea, creates a real opportunity to scale nuclear as the perfect solution to meet the rapidly growing demand for clean, flexible and reliable electricity delivered on time and on budget.\u0026#8221;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b7:T6e1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;Our unique partnership with Westinghouse is a game changer for how customers buy nuclear energy,” he continued.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Small Modular Reactors Are Shaping the Future of Energy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6KUuUh8uaLo?start=361\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-evinci-microreactor\"\u003eThe eVinci microreactor\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company\u0026#8217;s eVinci microreactor essentially works as a battery, the company says. It is fully assembled in the factory and can be easily shipped in a container. The machine has very few moving parts and can be used for power systems ranging from just a few kilowatts to five megawatts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eeVinvi is also capable of producing high-temperature heat for industrial applications, including the production of hydrogen fuel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“With this groundbreaking agreement, we will demonstrate the viability of the eVinci technology for innovative use cases where power is needed in remote locations or in areas with land limitations,” said Jon Ball, President of eVinci Technologies at Westinghouse. “We look forward to our partnership with CORE POWER, bringing the unique advantages of eVinci microreactors to maritime and coastal applications, potentially even paving the way for future disaster relief efforts.”\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b8:T46c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company has a strong track record, having supplied the world’s first commercial pressurized water reactor in 1957. The firm also says its technology forms the basis for almost half of all operating nuclear plants worldwide. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn September, the company \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/evinci-milestone-microreactor-ready-for-testing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eannounced\u003c/a\u003e it had successfully completed the Front-End Engineering and Experimenting Design (FEEED) phase of the eVinci microreactor. That milestone paves the way for testing of a 5MW microreactor within two years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMany believe nuclear energy will be crucial to bridge the gap as government\u0026#8217;s worldwide scale their renewable energy infrastructure. As such, other firms like the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/seaborg-producing-thousands-cheap-floating-nuclear-reactors\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eUS\u0026#8217;s Seaborg\u003c/a\u003e, are also looking to build large fleets of floating reactors to provide the energy we need to move away from fossil fuels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b9:T1c78,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eEV game-changer: Next-gen Blade battery from BYD to launch in 2025\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Cao Shuang revealed that BYD is planning to release the next generation of Blade batteries for EVs in 2025.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"EV game-changer: Next-gen Blade battery from BYD to launch in 2025\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cao Shuang revealed that BYD is planning to release the next generation of Blade batteries for EVs in 2025.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:05:49+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T14:05:57+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-97.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 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Conference (COP29).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eShuang revealed that the company is planning to release the next generation of Blade batteries for EVs in 2025, as per him the new model is expected to offer an extended lifespan, alongside enhancing the driving range of the EVs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is expected that the second-generation Blade battery will build on the less bulky first model lithium-iron-phosphate battery the company had launched in 2020.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first model Blade battery had reportedly been considered safer, and non-flammable as compared to the other offerings in the market for powering EVs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eWhat makes BYD’s Blade batteries better?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBYD \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/byd-says-it-will-launch-new-generation-blade-batteries-next-year-2024-11-25/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estates\u003c/a\u003e that its Blade battery uses Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP), which has undergone testing through the nail penetration method.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the nail penetration test, a nail is driven through the center of the battery cell until it penetrates to the other side, causing a short circuit inside the battery cell.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBYD had \u003ca href=\"https://www.bydbdautogroup.com/en/byd-blade-battery-en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eearlier reported\u003c/a\u003e that its Blade battery had demonstrated higher safety standards in the test as compared to Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide and Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide batteries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts design resembles that of a blade, making it thinner and longer than conventional batteries. This design enables Blade batteries to dissipate heat more quickly than typical rectangular cell batteries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the event of a short circuit within a cell, it does not affect other cells, thus preventing continuous electrical short circuits, as per the company.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the biggest advantages of the Blade battery is that it is designed using cell-to-pack technology (CTP). It means each cell can be directly packed without the need for module packing, allowing for more cells to be added.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, it can also enhance the structural strength of the EVs by serving as a reinforcement material for their frames.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-additional-benefits\"\u003eAdditional benefits\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company also states that the Blade batteries have lower production costs compared to NMC (Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide) battery.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts decomposition temperature is around 518 degree Fahrenheit (270 degree Celsius) as compared to the NMC’s 410 degree Fahrenheit (210 degree Celsius) and NCA’s 302 degree Fahrenheit (150 degree Celsius).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe higher decomposition temperature makes it safer for use. Moreover, once damaged the LFP Blade battery releases less heat \u0026#8211; approximately 200 J/g, whereas NMC and NCA batteries can release up to 600 and 900 J/g of heat, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA report by South Korean publication \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/2024-11-25/business/industry/BYD-confident-it-can-extinguish-Koreas-EV-fire-fears-with-Blade-battery/2185662\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eKorea JoongAng Daily\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e mentions that BYD is pitching Blade \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/apple-byd-long-range-ev-battery-success\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebatteries\u003c/a\u003e as a viable alternative for powering EVs in the Asian country.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe report states the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/uber-partners-byd-evs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eChinese\u003c/a\u003e manufacturer is presenting it as a safe option to help curtail the fear in the minds of the consumers which resulted from a number of EV battery fires reported in the country.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company is planning its official debut in the Korean market in January 2025.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"bb:T5e5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt is expected that the second-generation Blade battery will build on the less bulky first model lithium-iron-phosphate battery the company had launched in 2020.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe first model Blade battery had reportedly been considered safer, and non-flammable as compared to the other offerings in the market for powering EVs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eWhat makes BYD’s Blade batteries better?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBYD \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/byd-says-it-will-launch-new-generation-blade-batteries-next-year-2024-11-25/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estates\u003c/a\u003e that its Blade battery uses Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP), which has undergone testing through the nail penetration method.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the nail penetration test, a nail is driven through the center of the battery cell until it penetrates to the other side, causing a short circuit inside the battery cell.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBYD had \u003ca href=\"https://www.bydbdautogroup.com/en/byd-blade-battery-en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eearlier reported\u003c/a\u003e that its Blade battery had demonstrated higher safety standards in the test as compared to Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide and Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide batteries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts design resembles that of a blade, making it thinner and longer than conventional batteries. This design enables Blade batteries to dissipate heat more quickly than typical rectangular cell batteries.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"bc:T4c4,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe higher decomposition temperature makes it safer for use. Moreover, once damaged the LFP Blade battery releases less heat \u0026#8211; approximately 200 J/g, whereas NMC and NCA batteries can release up to 600 and 900 J/g of heat, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eA report by South Korean publication \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/2024-11-25/business/industry/BYD-confident-it-can-extinguish-Koreas-EV-fire-fears-with-Blade-battery/2185662\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eKorea JoongAng Daily\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e mentions that BYD is pitching Blade \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/apple-byd-long-range-ev-battery-success\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ebatteries\u003c/a\u003e as a viable alternative for powering EVs in the Asian country.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe report states the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/uber-partners-byd-evs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eChinese\u003c/a\u003e manufacturer is presenting it as a safe option to help curtail the fear in the minds of the consumers which resulted from a number of EV battery fires reported in the country.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe company is planning its official debut in the Korean market in January 2025.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"bd:T2012,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eChina’s robot dog jumps like cat with AI power to explore asteroids\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Chinese researchers created an AI-powered robot that leaps across asteroid surfaces, adjusting its posture mid-air to enhance exploration.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-robot-dog-jumps-to-explore-asteroid-surfaces\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"China’s robot dog jumps like cat with AI power to explore asteroids\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Chinese researchers created an AI-powered robot that leaps across asteroid surfaces, adjusting its posture mid-air to enhance exploration.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-robot-dog-jumps-to-explore-asteroid-surfaces\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-27T13:08:18+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-27T13:08:25+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-27T152519.346.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" 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content=\"2024-11-27T13:08:18+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"be:T1745,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eChinese researchers have created an AI-powered robot dog capable of leaping across the rugged, low-gravity surfaces of asteroids.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eInspired by a cat\u0026#8217;s ability to twist and land on its paws, researchers from the Harbin Institute of Technology developed a robot using reinforcement learning.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to a Chinese online media outlet, instead of relying on heavy stabilization hardware, the robot employs a \u0026#8220;model-free\u0026#8221; control system to swing its four legs in coordinated motion. Such a design allows the robot to adjust its posture mid-air, correct tilt, and even reorient to face a new direction.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe advancement could transform how small celestial bodies are explored, offering new possibilities for space exploration and enhancing our understanding of these distant objects.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-low-gravity-innovation\"\u003eLow-gravity innovation\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eJumping into low-gravity situations is a significant difficulty in the robotic exploration of minor celestial planets that the current work addresses.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese planets, which are relics of the solar system\u0026#8217;s creation, are rich in resources like platinum that may help with future space research and provide important insights into the system\u0026#8217;s origins. However, conventional wheeled rovers face major challenges due to the minimal gravity, which is often only a few thousandths of Earth\u0026#8217;s, as they find it difficult to get traction.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to the South China Morning Post ( SCMP), to address this, researchers have developed a robot capable of adjusting its posture mid-air during jumps, using reinforcement learning. Unlike traditional systems that rely on heavy stabilization hardware, this robot uses a \u0026#8220;model-free\u0026#8221; control system, swinging its four legs in a coordinated motion. This allows it to correct its tilt and even reorient itself to adjust its trajectory.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How are robots built?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/oHKCwyUa2rg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team concentrated on resolving the issue of leg force imbalances, which can result in collisions, uncontrollable spinning, or the robot bouncing off the ground. Using air suspension technology, they developed a microgravity simulation platform to test their control technique and ensure the robot could safely land, modify its yaw for subsequent leaps, or correct altitude deviations during free fall.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNo mission has yet to send out a rover that can conduct long-term surface exploration despite the fact that space agencies have successfully landed spacecraft on asteroids to recover samples. According to SCMP, the success of these jumping robots has the potential to transform asteroid exploration, opening up new avenues for research into these extinct asteroids and improving the use of space resources.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-stabilizing-jumps\"\u003eStabilizing jumps\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team developed a robot capable of stabilizing itself during jumps on low-gravity celestial bodies. In these environments, each jump can keep a robot airborne for up to 10 seconds, enough time for slight imbalances in leg force to lead to uncontrolled \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/astronomers-observe-neutron-star-spinning-fast\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003espinning\u003c/a\u003e or even cause the robot to drift into space.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTo address this, the team used reinforcement learning, specifically proximal policy optimization, to train the robot in a virtual simulation. Over seven hours, the AI learned to refine its movements for stable landings, correcting its pitch, roll, and yaw within seconds.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFor example, when launched with a steep forward tilt of 140 degrees, the robot stabilized in just eight seconds and could rotate mid-air by up to 90 degrees to reorient itself, reports \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3288131/robot-jumps-and-lands-cat-it-could-be-used-explore-asteroids\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Could we stop an extinction-level asteroid?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6q8tMw3EQLI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers constructed a microgravity simulation platform with air bearings to replicate the low-gravity conditions seen on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003easteroids\u003c/a\u003e and evaluate the system. Thanks to this configuration, the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/engineers-create-robots-function-without-electricity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erobot\u003c/a\u003e was able to float on an almost frictionless surface, and the outcomes validated the simulation and the efficacy of the control method.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe robot is well-suited for deep-space exploration because of its lightweight, energy-efficient design and low onboard processing power requirements. Although the system has great potential for asteroid mining and scientific research, further work is required to make it more terrain-adaptable.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"bf:T459,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-low-gravity-innovation\"\u003eLow-gravity innovation\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eJumping into low-gravity situations is a significant difficulty in the robotic exploration of minor celestial planets that the current work addresses.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese planets, which are relics of the solar system\u0026#8217;s creation, are rich in resources like platinum that may help with future space research and provide important insights into the system\u0026#8217;s origins. However, conventional wheeled rovers face major challenges due to the minimal gravity, which is often only a few thousandths of Earth\u0026#8217;s, as they find it difficult to get traction.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to the South China Morning Post ( SCMP), to address this, researchers have developed a robot capable of adjusting its posture mid-air during jumps, using reinforcement learning. Unlike traditional systems that rely on heavy stabilization hardware, this robot uses a \u0026#8220;model-free\u0026#8221; control system, swinging its four legs in a coordinated motion. This allows it to correct its tilt and even reorient itself to adjust its trajectory.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c0:T9ed,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How are robots built?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/oHKCwyUa2rg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team concentrated on resolving the issue of leg force imbalances, which can result in collisions, uncontrollable spinning, or the robot bouncing off the ground. Using air suspension technology, they developed a microgravity simulation platform to test their control technique and ensure the robot could safely land, modify its yaw for subsequent leaps, or correct altitude deviations during free fall.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNo mission has yet to send out a rover that can conduct long-term surface exploration despite the fact that space agencies have successfully landed spacecraft on asteroids to recover samples. According to SCMP, the success of these jumping robots has the potential to transform asteroid exploration, opening up new avenues for research into these extinct asteroids and improving the use of space resources.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-stabilizing-jumps\"\u003eStabilizing jumps\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team developed a robot capable of stabilizing itself during jumps on low-gravity celestial bodies. In these environments, each jump can keep a robot airborne for up to 10 seconds, enough time for slight imbalances in leg force to lead to uncontrolled \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/astronomers-observe-neutron-star-spinning-fast\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003espinning\u003c/a\u003e or even cause the robot to drift into space.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTo address this, the team used reinforcement learning, specifically proximal policy optimization, to train the robot in a virtual simulation. Over seven hours, the AI learned to refine its movements for stable landings, correcting its pitch, roll, and yaw within seconds.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFor example, when launched with a steep forward tilt of 140 degrees, the robot stabilized in just eight seconds and could rotate mid-air by up to 90 degrees to reorient itself, reports \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3288131/robot-jumps-and-lands-cat-it-could-be-used-explore-asteroids\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c1:T5c7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Could we stop an extinction-level asteroid?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6q8tMw3EQLI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers constructed a microgravity simulation platform with air bearings to replicate the low-gravity conditions seen on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003easteroids\u003c/a\u003e and evaluate the system. Thanks to this configuration, the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/engineers-create-robots-function-without-electricity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erobot\u003c/a\u003e was able to float on an almost frictionless surface, and the outcomes validated the simulation and the efficacy of the control method.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe robot is well-suited for deep-space exploration because of its lightweight, energy-efficient design and low onboard processing power requirements. Although the system has great potential for asteroid mining and scientific research, further work is required to make it more terrain-adaptable.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c2:T1f71,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eNew tech makes water from air at low temperatures with less emission\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University have developed a liquid moisture adsorbent that efficiently desorbs water at just 95°F from air.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/efficient-water-harvesting-from-air\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New tech makes water from air at low temperatures with less emission\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University have developed a liquid moisture adsorbent that efficiently desorbs water at just 95°F from air.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/efficient-water-harvesting-from-air\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-27T12:05:44+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-27T12:05:51+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-Photo-68.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Sujita Sinha\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sujita Sinha\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/efficient-water-harvesting-from-air#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/efficient-water-harvesting-from-air\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Sujita Sinha\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/78c2214b57e99edf55d54e28e5313455\"},\"headline\":\"New air-to-water converter works at low temperatures with reduced emissions\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-27T12:05:44+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-27T12:05:51+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/efficient-water-harvesting-from-air\"},\"wordCount\":539,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-Photo-68.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Water molecules in vapor are drawn to a water-loving polymer in a copolymer solution. 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These technologies play a crucial role in ensuring a more comfortable and sustainable future for humanity. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team has made the desorption process of water-adsorption polymers more efficient. This breakthrough addresses a key challenge in atmospheric water harvesting and desiccant air conditioning systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-efficient-desorption-from-air-at-lower-temperatures\"\u003eEfficient desorption from air at lower temperatures\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWater-adsorption polymers are essential in many atmospheric \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/portable-air-to-drinking-water-converter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ewater\u003c/a\u003e harvesting systems and air conditioning units. However, a major challenge has been the need for high temperatures—around 212°F (100°C)—to remove the water from these polymers so they can be reused. This requirement consumes a lot of energy and limits their practical use.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Osaka Metropolitan University team developed a liquid moisture adsorbent which requires only around 95° Fahrenheit (35°C) temperature to desorb the water. The team was led by Graduate School of Engineering student Daisuke Ikegawa, Assistant Professor Arisa Fukatsu, Associate Professor Kenji Okada, and Professor Masahide Takahashi.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis breakthrough could make these systems more energy-efficient and widely applicable, particularly in areas with limited energy resources.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe key to this innovation lies in the combination of two types of copolymers: polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polypropylene glycol (PPG). PEG is highly effective at adsorbing water, while PPG adsorbs water slightly less efficiently. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers used a mixture of these two materials. This created a transfer mechanism that breaks down water clusters, making it easier to release the water from the polymer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-applications-for-a-sustainable-future\"\u003eApplications for a sustainable future\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team\u0026#8217;s findings could have significant impacts on various sectors, especially in regions with \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/crystals-extract-water-from-air\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003escarce water\u003c/a\u003e resources. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This technology has the potential to be applied not only to water supply in arid regions and places with limited energy resources, but also to ensuring access to water in times of disaster and emergency,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.omu.ac.jp/en/info/research-news/entry-67369.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e Fukatsu.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition to providing clean water in underserved areas, its benefits extend beyond that. It could also play a crucial role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The new system is designed to operate with significantly less energy compared to traditional methods which harvest water from air. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs a result, it can contribute to a reduction in the carbon footprint associated with both \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/ces-2024/worlds-first-home-air-to-water-generator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ewater harvesting\u003c/a\u003e and dehumidification processes. By using less energy, the system not only helps in improving water accessibility but also supports the global effort to mitigate climate change.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eProfessor Takahashi \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1065873\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eadded\u003c/a\u003e, “Improvements to this technology are also expected to lead to reductions in greenhouse gases and more efficient use of water resources. From now on, we will aim to improve the liquid moisture adsorbent and increase the efficiency of the entire system in order to make it practical.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-potential-for-widespread-impact\"\u003ePotential for widespread impact\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis marks a major step forward in the field of atmospheric water harvesting and energy-efficient air conditioning. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs the technology continues to improve, it holds the potential to revolutionize the way we gather water from air. This is particularly true in areas where water is scarce and energy resources are limited.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research was \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00775\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epublished\u003c/a\u003e in the journal \u003cem\u003eACS ES\u0026amp;T Water\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"WaterCube 100: Revolutionizing Fresh Water Access\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/OuG7OSPJZiw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c4:T55f,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-efficient-desorption-from-air-at-lower-temperatures\"\u003eEfficient desorption from air at lower temperatures\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWater-adsorption polymers are essential in many atmospheric \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/portable-air-to-drinking-water-converter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ewater\u003c/a\u003e harvesting systems and air conditioning units. However, a major challenge has been the need for high temperatures—around 212°F (100°C)—to remove the water from these polymers so they can be reused. This requirement consumes a lot of energy and limits their practical use.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Osaka Metropolitan University team developed a liquid moisture adsorbent which requires only around 95° Fahrenheit (35°C) temperature to desorb the water. The team was led by Graduate School of Engineering student Daisuke Ikegawa, Assistant Professor Arisa Fukatsu, Associate Professor Kenji Okada, and Professor Masahide Takahashi.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis breakthrough could make these systems more energy-efficient and widely applicable, particularly in areas with limited energy resources.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe key to this innovation lies in the combination of two types of copolymers: polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polypropylene glycol (PPG). PEG is highly effective at adsorbing water, while PPG adsorbs water slightly less efficiently. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c5:T68b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers used a mixture of these two materials. This created a transfer mechanism that breaks down water clusters, making it easier to release the water from the polymer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-applications-for-a-sustainable-future\"\u003eApplications for a sustainable future\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team\u0026#8217;s findings could have significant impacts on various sectors, especially in regions with \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/crystals-extract-water-from-air\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003escarce water\u003c/a\u003e resources. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This technology has the potential to be applied not only to water supply in arid regions and places with limited energy resources, but also to ensuring access to water in times of disaster and emergency,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.omu.ac.jp/en/info/research-news/entry-67369.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003esaid\u003c/a\u003e Fukatsu.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition to providing clean water in underserved areas, its benefits extend beyond that. It could also play a crucial role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The new system is designed to operate with significantly less energy compared to traditional methods which harvest water from air. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs a result, it can contribute to a reduction in the carbon footprint associated with both \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/ces-2024/worlds-first-home-air-to-water-generator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ewater harvesting\u003c/a\u003e and dehumidification processes. By using less energy, the system not only helps in improving water accessibility but also supports the global effort to mitigate climate change.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c6:T67c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eProfessor Takahashi \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1065873\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eadded\u003c/a\u003e, “Improvements to this technology are also expected to lead to reductions in greenhouse gases and more efficient use of water resources. From now on, we will aim to improve the liquid moisture adsorbent and increase the efficiency of the entire system in order to make it practical.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-potential-for-widespread-impact\"\u003ePotential for widespread impact\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis marks a major step forward in the field of atmospheric water harvesting and energy-efficient air conditioning. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs the technology continues to improve, it holds the potential to revolutionize the way we gather water from air. This is particularly true in areas where water is scarce and energy resources are limited.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe research was \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00775\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epublished\u003c/a\u003e in the journal \u003cem\u003eACS ES\u0026amp;T Water\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"WaterCube 100: Revolutionizing Fresh Water Access\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/OuG7OSPJZiw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c7:T1fab,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eRobots get ‘syllabus’ to start teaching each other, no humans needed\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"RoVi-Aug enables robots to autonomously share skills across models, boosting efficiency and success rates by 30% without human intervention.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-syllabus-boosts-robot-efficiency\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Robots get ‘syllabus’ to start teaching each other, no humans needed\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"RoVi-Aug enables robots to autonomously share skills across models, boosting efficiency and success rates by 30% without human intervention.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-syllabus-boosts-robot-efficiency\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-27T10:26:35+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-27T10:26:42+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" 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content=\"2024-11-27T10:26:35+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c8:T1804,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eEngineers have created an innovative framework that enables robots to share skills across models autonomously.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNamed RoVi-Aug, it eliminates the need for human intervention in the learning process, simplifying robotic training.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePhysical tests reveal that RoVi-Aug trains on enhanced data to work instantly with new robots, regardless of camera angles. Unlike others, it skips extra test-time steps, adapts policies, and learns multi-robot tasks. This boosts skill transfer efficiency and raises success rates by up to 30 percent.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to the UC Berkeley team, the approach marks a significant step toward developing more independent and adaptable robots.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-adaptive-data-scaling\"\u003eAdaptive data scaling\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearch shows that scaling up data improves robots’ ability to learn general and reliable skills. However, robot data is far smaller than those used in advanced AI models for vision and language. Collecting diverse and useful real-world robot data is slow, labor-intensive, and challenging to balance for adaptable training.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eExisting models like the Open-X Embodiment (OXE) project combine data from 60 robot datasets to enhance cross-robot learning. This approach helps robots share experiences, improving their capabilities.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to researchers, the dataset needs to be more balanced, dominated by specific robots like Franka and xArm, and needs diverse camera angles. This causes models to overfit and require adjustments when used with different robots or viewpoints.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"9 Humanoid Robots That Are Shaping the Future of Work\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/NIjJ00HYCcM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo address this, the Mirage algorithm adapts unseen \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/engineers-create-robots-function-without-electricity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erobots\u003c/a\u003e by “cross-painting,” making them appear like those in training. While effective for zero-shot learning, Mirage has drawbacks: it needs accurate robot models, doesn’t support fine-tuning, and struggles with large \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-camera-obstacle-detection\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecamera\u003c/a\u003e changes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUC Berkeley\u0026#8217;s work presents RoVi-Aug, an advanced approach to overcoming the shortcomings of existing robot learning techniques.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRoVi-Aug concentrates on explicitly teaching models to comprehend the interaction between robots and tasks within the data, in contrast to conventional methods that naively co-train on merged datasets from numerous robots.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-advancing-robot-training\"\u003eAdvancing robot training\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new framework creates synthetic visual demonstrations that vary by robot type and camera angles, making training more versatile. It includes two main parts: the robot augmentation (Ro-Aug) module, which generates demonstrations with different robotic systems, and the viewpoint augmentation (Vi-Aug) module, which simulates demonstrations from various camera perspectives. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy combining these modules, the framework provides a richer, more diverse training dataset. This approach allows robots to learn from a broader range of scenarios, improving their ability to transfer skills efficiently between different models and tasks while reducing the need for extensive real-world data collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe method also lessens the requirement for intensive real-world data collecting while enabling robots to learn from a wider variety of circumstances, enhancing their capacity to transfer skills effectively between various models and jobs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How are robots built?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/oHKCwyUa2rg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to researchers, the approach enhances the robustness and generalizability of policies to handle different robot visuals and camera angles during training, eliminating reliance on precise test-time adjustments like cross-\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-paint-can-heat-and-cool-buildings-reducing-energy-use\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epainting\u003c/a\u003e pipelines.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUnlike methods such as Mirage, RoVi-Aug does not require known camera matrices and supports policy fine-tuning, which significantly enhances performance in complex tasks.RoVi-Aug enhances the sample efficiency of fine-tuning while facilitating the learning of multi-robot and multi-task policies by co-training on both original and augmented datasets.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAlthough RoVi-Aug bridges robot datasets and improves skill transfer, researchers note that it has drawbacks. Future research could address background changes, improve viewpoint synthesis with robotics data, unify robot-pair models, and improve artifact handling. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGeneralization may be further enhanced by extending to different grippers, such as multi-fingered hands, and integrating with object and task augmentation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe details of the UC Berkeley team\u0026#8217;s \u003ca href=\"https://autolab.berkeley.edu/assets/publications/media/2024_CoRL_RoVi-aug_camera_ready.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eresearch\u003c/a\u003e were pre-published on \u003cem\u003eArXiv\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"c9:T7e5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-adaptive-data-scaling\"\u003eAdaptive data scaling\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eResearch shows that scaling up data improves robots’ ability to learn general and reliable skills. However, robot data is far smaller than those used in advanced AI models for vision and language. Collecting diverse and useful real-world robot data is slow, labor-intensive, and challenging to balance for adaptable training.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eExisting models like the Open-X Embodiment (OXE) project combine data from 60 robot datasets to enhance cross-robot learning. This approach helps robots share experiences, improving their capabilities.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to researchers, the dataset needs to be more balanced, dominated by specific robots like Franka and xArm, and needs diverse camera angles. This causes models to overfit and require adjustments when used with different robots or viewpoints.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"9 Humanoid Robots That Are Shaping the Future of Work\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/NIjJ00HYCcM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo address this, the Mirage algorithm adapts unseen \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/engineers-create-robots-function-without-electricity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erobots\u003c/a\u003e by “cross-painting,” making them appear like those in training. While effective for zero-shot learning, Mirage has drawbacks: it needs accurate robot models, doesn’t support fine-tuning, and struggles with large \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-camera-obstacle-detection\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ecamera\u003c/a\u003e changes.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ca:T4a3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUC Berkeley\u0026#8217;s work presents RoVi-Aug, an advanced approach to overcoming the shortcomings of existing robot learning techniques.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRoVi-Aug concentrates on explicitly teaching models to comprehend the interaction between robots and tasks within the data, in contrast to conventional methods that naively co-train on merged datasets from numerous robots.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-advancing-robot-training\"\u003eAdvancing robot training\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new framework creates synthetic visual demonstrations that vary by robot type and camera angles, making training more versatile. It includes two main parts: the robot augmentation (Ro-Aug) module, which generates demonstrations with different robotic systems, and the viewpoint augmentation (Vi-Aug) module, which simulates demonstrations from various camera perspectives. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy combining these modules, the framework provides a richer, more diverse training dataset. This approach allows robots to learn from a broader range of scenarios, improving their ability to transfer skills efficiently between different models and tasks while reducing the need for extensive real-world data collection.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"cb:T71a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe method also lessens the requirement for intensive real-world data collecting while enabling robots to learn from a wider variety of circumstances, enhancing their capacity to transfer skills effectively between various models and jobs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How are robots built?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/oHKCwyUa2rg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to researchers, the approach enhances the robustness and generalizability of policies to handle different robot visuals and camera angles during training, eliminating reliance on precise test-time adjustments like cross-\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-paint-can-heat-and-cool-buildings-reducing-energy-use\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epainting\u003c/a\u003e pipelines.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUnlike methods such as Mirage, RoVi-Aug does not require known camera matrices and supports policy fine-tuning, which significantly enhances performance in complex tasks.RoVi-Aug enhances the sample efficiency of fine-tuning while facilitating the learning of multi-robot and multi-task policies by co-training on both original and augmented datasets.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAlthough RoVi-Aug bridges robot datasets and improves skill transfer, researchers note that it has drawbacks. Future research could address background changes, improve viewpoint synthesis with robotics data, unify robot-pair models, and improve artifact handling. \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"cc:T1cd8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eJ-35A vs F-35: Comparing the world’s deadliest stealth fighters\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore the J-35A\u0026#039;s design, features, and capabilities in direct comparison with the F-35, which is at the forefront of fifth-generation air combat.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/f-35-vs-j-35a-fighter-jet-comparison\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"J-35A vs F-35: Comparing the world’s deadliest stealth fighters\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Explore the J-35A\u0026#039;s design, features, and capabilities in direct comparison with the F-35, which is at the forefront of fifth-generation air combat.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/f-35-vs-j-35a-fighter-jet-comparison\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T23:23:44+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T23:23:53+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-mach-4.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Kaif Shaikh\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kaif Shaikh\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/f-35-vs-j-35a-fighter-jet-comparison#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/f-35-vs-j-35a-fighter-jet-comparison\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kaif Shaikh\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/d2e1ddbaa255c54b9f13b61223f7ed65\"},\"headline\":\"F-35 vs. J-35A: Breaking down the features and specs of top fifth-generation jets\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T23:23:44+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T23:23:53+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/f-35-vs-j-35a-fighter-jet-comparison\"},\"wordCount\":1820,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-mach-4.png\",\"caption\":\"\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-mach-4.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Aircraft\",\"China\",\"Defense \u0026amp; 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This event showcased a range of aircraft, drones, and munitions. It highlighted the significant advancements of the People\u0026#8217;s Liberation Army (PLA) and PLA Air Force (PLAAF) in modern air combat capabilities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAmidst various hardware, the J-35A stood out, drawing immediate comparisons to the American Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II, one of the most advanced and widely adopted fighters globally. Both aircraft represent the pinnacle of stealth technology and are designed to meet the rigorous demands of contemporary warfare. However, despite their apparent similarities in design and purpose, the J-35A and F-35 embody distinct strategic priorities and technological paths shaped by the unique defense needs of China and the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"634\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-mach-3-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-123405\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-mach-3-1.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-mach-3-1.png?resize=300,99 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-mach-3-1.png?resize=768,254 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-mach-3-1.png?resize=1536,507 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA side-by-side comparison of the American F-35 (Left) and the Chinese J-35A (Right) \u0026#8211; Sources: \u003ca href=\"https://www.dvidshub.net/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e1\u003c/a\u003e,\u003ca href=\"https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/world/2024/11/11/chinas-j-35a-stealth-fighter-is-black-box-despite-splashy-debut/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e2\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis article compares these fighters against each other, exploring their design, performance, and role within their respective military frameworks. By comparing these advanced jets, we aim to understand their technological capabilities and the broader implications of their development in the context of global military dynamics and cybersecurity concerns.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-background-and-strategic-positioning-of-the-j-35a-stealth-fighter\"\u003eBackground and strategic positioning of the J-35A stealth fighter\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe J-35A, originating from the Shenyang Aircraft Corporation\u0026#8217;s FC-31 technology demonstrator, represents a significant evolution in \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chinas-new-jet-afterburner-99-efficiency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eChinese military aviation technology\u003c/a\u003e. Initially conceptualized as a potential export without direct PLA support, the FC-31 underwent substantial modifications to meet the stringent requirements of modern air combat, showcasing its capabilities through various prototypes first flown in 2012 and 2016.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy the mid-to-late 2010s, the design caught the PLA Navy\u0026#8217;s (PLAN) attention, which led to its development into a carrier-borne fifth-generation fighter, tentatively named the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/j-35-china-next-gen-stealth-fighter-jet\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eJ-35\u003c/a\u003e. The first prototype, flown in October 2021, featured notable enhancements such as an enlarged folding wing, reinforced landing gear, and a catapult launch bar. These modifications, along with an enhanced dorsal fuselage hump and sophisticated sensor array, indicated a mature design aimed at carrier operations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the past, the PLA Air Force (PLAAF) showed interest in adapting this advanced platform for land-based operations. By 2023, emerging prototypes with adaptations such as a reduced wingspan pointed to specific modifications tailored to the PLAAF\u0026#8217;s operational needs. This version was officially designated as the J-35A during the Zhuhai Airshow 2024, coinciding with the PLAAF\u0026#8217;s 75th anniversary.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe J-35A and its variants often draw comparisons to the United States\u0026#8217; F-35, reflecting shared design features typical of medium-sized, fifth-generation fighters, such as dual-side air intakes and similar wing and tail configurations.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile these similarities have sparked discussions about potential espionage and technology transfer—particularly in the context of alleged Chinese cyber operations targeting F-35 data—the convergence seen in other contemporary fighters like the KF-21 and AMCA suggests that these design traits may be driven more by a pursuit of optimal aerodynamic and operational solutions than by direct copying.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe J-35A is strategically positioned within the PLAAF as a versatile, medium-weight complement to the heavier J-20, expanding \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-reveals-mysterious-6th-gen-fighter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eChina\u0026#8217;s fleet of fifth-generation fighters\u003c/a\u003e. This development strategy aligns with the varied operational requirements of the Chinese military, from achieving air superiority to conducting precise strike missions. The F-35, in its role, continues to be a central asset for the U.S. and its allies, providing a critical blend of stealth, advanced sensor integration, and multi-role capabilities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, China\u0026#8217;s military advancements include the operation of another stealth fighter, the J-20 air superiority aircraft, and the ongoing development of the H-20 flying wing stealth bomber, as reported in a \u003ca href=\"https://media.defense.gov/2023/Oct/19/2003323409/-1/-1/1/2023-MILITARY-AND-SECURITY-DEVELOPMENTS-INVOLVING-THE-PEOPLES-REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA.PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e2023 Pentagon document\u003c/a\u003e on China\u0026#8217;s military forces.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-design-comparison-of-j-35a-and-f-35-fighter-jets-nbsp\"\u003eDesign comparison of J-35A and F-35 fighter jets\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-stealth-and-airframe-design\"\u003eStealth and airframe design\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoth the J-35A and the F-35 are engineered with an emphasis on low-observable, stealth technology, which is evident in their sleek and smooth airframes. These designs are crucial for minimizing radar cross-section (RCS) and enhancing operational efficacy by staying undetected during missions. The aircraft feature streamlined surfaces and curvature that disrupt radar wave detection, a fundamental aspect for stealth operations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-vertical-stabilizers-and-canards\"\u003eVertical stabilizers and canards\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe J-35A and F-35 incorporate similar aerodynamic components like canards and vertical stabilizers arranged in a distinctive V-like structure. This setup not only aids in maintaining a stealth profile but also plays a critical role in reducing turbulence, further decreasing radar visibility. However, subtle differences in their designs underscore divergent engineering approaches. The J-35A\u0026#8217;s stabilizers are slightly wider and set at a different angle, potentially offering better aerodynamic performance tailored to the specific operational requirements of the Chinese military. This could influence the aircraft\u0026#8217;s agility and its RCS.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConversely, the F-35 features more sharply angled stabilizers optimized for an enhanced stealth profile. This design choice reflects a deliberate focus on radar evasion, integral to the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/f-35c-fighter-makes-combat-debut\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eF-35\u0026#8217;s role in U.S\u003c/a\u003e. and allied operations, ensuring superior performance even in challenging conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cockpit-ergonomics-and-visibility\"\u003eCockpit ergonomics and visibility\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe cockpit design of both aircraft fuses functionality and advanced technology, designed to meet the rigors of modern air combat. Each cockpit has a rounded glass canopy, optimizing pilot visibility and situational awareness—crucial during high-speed, high-stress combat scenarios.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe J-35A\u0026#8217;s cockpit is narrower with a simpler design and less curvature in the canopy glass, suggesting a focus on practicality and cost-efficiency. However, this design could slightly elevate the RCS, albeit still adhering to stealth norms. In contrast, the F-35\u0026#8217;s cockpit is more expansive, featuring a sophisticated, rounded canopy with extensive glass coverage. Specialized coatings on the F-35\u0026#8217;s canopy enhance its stealth capabilities, significantly reducing its radar signature while prioritizing pilot comfort and visibility.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-engine-design-and-stealth-optimization\"\u003eEngine design and stealth optimization\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe rear sections of the J-35A and F-35 showcase significant differences in design philosophy, particularly around the engine housings. The J-35A opts for a more enclosed engine design with fewer visible edges and a smoother outline around the exhaust, aimed at minimizing radar reflections—a crucial element in stealth technology. This design is likely optimized to meet the J-35A\u0026#8217;s unique performance specifications, possibly prioritizing operational flexibility in varied combat scenarios.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn contrast, the F-35\u0026#8217;s exhaust system is more intricate, with defined features that reflect advanced American engineering practices aimed at maximizing stealth. The pronounced design and use of cutting-edge materials in the F-35\u0026#8217;s exhaust system illustrate a comprehensive approach to reducing its radar footprint, aligning with the aircraft\u0026#8217;s strategic role in achieving air superiority.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-wing-design-and-aerodynamic-efficiency\"\u003eWing design and aerodynamic efficiency\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe wing designs of the J-35A and F-35 further reflect their distinct tactical priorities. The J-35A features slightly more angular wings, designed to enhance maneuverability—a critical factor in dogfights and rapid tactical shifts. This design choice supports the J-35A\u0026#8217;s presumed role in regional dominance and quick-response scenarios.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe F-35, however, sports smoother, more contoured wings that align with its overarching stealth strategy. These wings are engineered to minimize radar reflections and maintain stability at high speeds, supporting the F-35\u0026#8217;s role in deep-strike missions and sustained air operations over hostile territory.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-air-intakes-and-landing-gear\"\u003eAir intakes and landing gear\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe design variations extend to both aircraft\u0026#8217;s air intakes and landing gear. The J-35A\u0026#8217;s air intakes are wider and more angular, possibly increasing engine airflow and improving performance but at a potential cost to its stealth profile. Meanwhile, the F-35\u0026#8217;s air intakes are designed with stealth as a paramount consideration, featuring a rounded, smooth structure that enhances airflow while minimizing radar detection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe J-35A\u0026#8217;s landing gear is simpler and more robust, likely designed to endure diverse and potentially rugged operational environments. On the other hand, the F-35\u0026#8217;s landing gear is more complex, incorporating features that reduce radar cross-section and enhance the overall stealth profile, which is critical for operations in highly contested areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-performance-and-role-of-the-j-35a-and-f-35-stealth-fighters\"\u003ePerformance and role of the J-35A and F-35 stealth fighters\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-speed-range-and-endurance-nbsp\"\u003eSpeed, range, and endurance\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe J-35A achieves a maximum speed of Mach 2.0, surpassing the F-35\u0026#8217;s top speed of Mach 1.6. This superior speed equips the J-35A with an advantage in fast-paced combat scenarios, particularly in intercepting high-speed targets, which is crucial for air superiority roles. The design supports quick maneuvers and rapid response, aligning with its intended use within the People\u0026#8217;s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConversely, the F-35 excels in range and versatility, featuring a longer operational range of approximately 2,220 kilometers compared to the J-35A\u0026#8217;s 1,200 kilometers. This extended range makes the F-35 more suitable for long-range missions and deep-strike capabilities. It reflects its role in projecting power over vast distances and supporting varied mission profiles, from ground attack to reconnaissance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOriginally thought to employ Russian RD-33 engines, the J-35A is likely to transition to using more advanced Chinese-developed \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/chinas-j-35a-stealth-fighter-is-black-box-despite-splashy-debut-2024-11-11/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWS-13E or WS-21 engines\u003c/a\u003e. Future models are expected to incorporate the WS-19 engines, enhancing their thrust and performance capabilities. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoth aircraft can refuel in-flight, significantly extending their operational reach and endurance. This allows for prolonged deployment in contested areas without ground support.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-advanced-avionics-and-weaponry\"\u003eAdvanced avionics and weaponry\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe J-35A incorporates a suite of advanced Chinese-made avionics, including AESA radar, infrared search and track systems, and comprehensive electronic warfare capabilities. These systems enhance the aircraft\u0026#8217;s awareness of its surroundings, which is crucial for engaging multiple threats simultaneously and adapting to dynamic combat environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe F-35 has the AN/APG-81 AESA radar, AN/AAQ-37 Distributed Aperture System, and AN/ASQ-239 electronic warfare suite, offering unmatched sensor fusion and situational awareness. This integration allows the F-35 to detect, track, and engage targets at considerable distances, even in highly contested environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoth the J-35A and F-35 maintain their stealth profiles by carrying weapons internally. The J-35A can carry up to 7,000 kilograms of payload, while the F-35 has a slightly higher capacity of 8,160 kilograms. This internal carriage design is critical for maintaining a low radar cross-section during missions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe J-35A emphasizes speed and agility for regional operations, while the F-35 focuses on versatility, range, and global interoperability. These aircraft demonstrate the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/pentagon-1000s-of-ai-piloted-fighter-jets\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eadvanced state of modern air combat \u003c/a\u003etechnologies and illustrate the critical role of securing intellectual property in maintaining national defense advantages.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cyber-espionage-and-the-theft-of-f-35-design-data\"\u003eCyber espionage and the theft of F-35 design data\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFrank Kendall, the Defense Acquisitions Chief in 2013, highlighted the \u003ca href=\"https://www.unsw.edu.au/newsroom/news/2015/01/hacking-the-secrets-of-australias-joint-strike-fighter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ecompromise of unclassified F-35 data\u003c/a\u003e despite the classified information remaining secure. This breach reportedly allowed competing powers, particularly highlighted in Pentagon reports linking the Chinese government and military, to advance their military technology programs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2014, a Los Angeles grand jury indicted Chinese national Su Bin for assisting PLA hackers in stealing over 630,000 files related to the F-35 and other critical U.S. aircraft from 2008 to 2014. Bin\u0026#8217;s role involved facilitating the translation and targeting of sensitive defense technology, underscoring the depth of espionage activities to undermine U.S. technological supremacy.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ce:T869,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAmidst various hardware, the J-35A stood out, drawing immediate comparisons to the American Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II, one of the most advanced and widely adopted fighters globally. Both aircraft represent the pinnacle of stealth technology and are designed to meet the rigorous demands of contemporary warfare. However, despite their apparent similarities in design and purpose, the J-35A and F-35 embody distinct strategic priorities and technological paths shaped by the unique defense needs of China and the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"634\" src=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-mach-3-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-123405\" srcset=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-mach-3-1.png 1920w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-mach-3-1.png?resize=300,99 300w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-mach-3-1.png?resize=768,254 768w, https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-mach-3-1.png?resize=1536,507 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"\u003eA side-by-side comparison of the American F-35 (Left) and the Chinese J-35A (Right) \u0026#8211; Sources: \u003ca href=\"https://www.dvidshub.net/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e1\u003c/a\u003e,\u003ca href=\"https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/world/2024/11/11/chinas-j-35a-stealth-fighter-is-black-box-despite-splashy-debut/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e2\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis article compares these fighters against each other, exploring their design, performance, and role within their respective military frameworks. By comparing these advanced jets, we aim to understand their technological capabilities and the broader implications of their development in the context of global military dynamics and cybersecurity concerns.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"cf:T567,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-background-and-strategic-positioning-of-the-j-35a-stealth-fighter\"\u003eBackground and strategic positioning of the J-35A stealth fighter\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe J-35A, originating from the Shenyang Aircraft Corporation\u0026#8217;s FC-31 technology demonstrator, represents a significant evolution in \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chinas-new-jet-afterburner-99-efficiency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eChinese military aviation technology\u003c/a\u003e. Initially conceptualized as a potential export without direct PLA support, the FC-31 underwent substantial modifications to meet the stringent requirements of modern air combat, showcasing its capabilities through various prototypes first flown in 2012 and 2016.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy the mid-to-late 2010s, the design caught the PLA Navy\u0026#8217;s (PLAN) attention, which led to its development into a carrier-borne fifth-generation fighter, tentatively named the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/j-35-china-next-gen-stealth-fighter-jet\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eJ-35\u003c/a\u003e. The first prototype, flown in October 2021, featured notable enhancements such as an enlarged folding wing, reinforced landing gear, and a catapult launch bar. These modifications, along with an enhanced dorsal fuselage hump and sophisticated sensor array, indicated a mature design aimed at carrier operations.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d0:T442,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the past, the PLA Air Force (PLAAF) showed interest in adapting this advanced platform for land-based operations. By 2023, emerging prototypes with adaptations such as a reduced wingspan pointed to specific modifications tailored to the PLAAF\u0026#8217;s operational needs. This version was officially designated as the J-35A during the Zhuhai Airshow 2024, coinciding with the PLAAF\u0026#8217;s 75th anniversary.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe J-35A and its variants often draw comparisons to the United States\u0026#8217; F-35, reflecting shared design features typical of medium-sized, fifth-generation fighters, such as dual-side air intakes and similar wing and tail configurations.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile these similarities have sparked discussions about potential espionage and technology transfer—particularly in the context of alleged Chinese cyber operations targeting F-35 data—the convergence seen in other contemporary fighters like the KF-21 and AMCA suggests that these design traits may be driven more by a pursuit of optimal aerodynamic and operational solutions than by direct copying.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d1:T747,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe J-35A is strategically positioned within the PLAAF as a versatile, medium-weight complement to the heavier J-20, expanding \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-reveals-mysterious-6th-gen-fighter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eChina\u0026#8217;s fleet of fifth-generation fighters\u003c/a\u003e. This development strategy aligns with the varied operational requirements of the Chinese military, from achieving air superiority to conducting precise strike missions. The F-35, in its role, continues to be a central asset for the U.S. and its allies, providing a critical blend of stealth, advanced sensor integration, and multi-role capabilities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, China\u0026#8217;s military advancements include the operation of another stealth fighter, the J-20 air superiority aircraft, and the ongoing development of the H-20 flying wing stealth bomber, as reported in a \u003ca href=\"https://media.defense.gov/2023/Oct/19/2003323409/-1/-1/1/2023-MILITARY-AND-SECURITY-DEVELOPMENTS-INVOLVING-THE-PEOPLES-REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA.PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e2023 Pentagon document\u003c/a\u003e on China\u0026#8217;s military forces.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-design-comparison-of-j-35a-and-f-35-fighter-jets-nbsp\"\u003eDesign comparison of J-35A and F-35 fighter jets\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-stealth-and-airframe-design\"\u003eStealth and airframe design\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoth the J-35A and the F-35 are engineered with an emphasis on low-observable, stealth technology, which is evident in their sleek and smooth airframes. These designs are crucial for minimizing radar cross-section (RCS) and enhancing operational efficacy by staying undetected during missions. The aircraft feature streamlined surfaces and curvature that disrupt radar wave detection, a fundamental aspect for stealth operations.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d2:T4b4,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-vertical-stabilizers-and-canards\"\u003eVertical stabilizers and canards\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe J-35A and F-35 incorporate similar aerodynamic components like canards and vertical stabilizers arranged in a distinctive V-like structure. This setup not only aids in maintaining a stealth profile but also plays a critical role in reducing turbulence, further decreasing radar visibility. However, subtle differences in their designs underscore divergent engineering approaches. The J-35A\u0026#8217;s stabilizers are slightly wider and set at a different angle, potentially offering better aerodynamic performance tailored to the specific operational requirements of the Chinese military. This could influence the aircraft\u0026#8217;s agility and its RCS.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConversely, the F-35 features more sharply angled stabilizers optimized for an enhanced stealth profile. This design choice reflects a deliberate focus on radar evasion, integral to the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/f-35c-fighter-makes-combat-debut\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eF-35\u0026#8217;s role in U.S\u003c/a\u003e. and allied operations, ensuring superior performance even in challenging conditions.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d3:T643,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cockpit-ergonomics-and-visibility\"\u003eCockpit ergonomics and visibility\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe cockpit design of both aircraft fuses functionality and advanced technology, designed to meet the rigors of modern air combat. Each cockpit has a rounded glass canopy, optimizing pilot visibility and situational awareness—crucial during high-speed, high-stress combat scenarios.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe J-35A\u0026#8217;s cockpit is narrower with a simpler design and less curvature in the canopy glass, suggesting a focus on practicality and cost-efficiency. However, this design could slightly elevate the RCS, albeit still adhering to stealth norms. In contrast, the F-35\u0026#8217;s cockpit is more expansive, featuring a sophisticated, rounded canopy with extensive glass coverage. Specialized coatings on the F-35\u0026#8217;s canopy enhance its stealth capabilities, significantly reducing its radar signature while prioritizing pilot comfort and visibility.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-engine-design-and-stealth-optimization\"\u003eEngine design and stealth optimization\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe rear sections of the J-35A and F-35 showcase significant differences in design philosophy, particularly around the engine housings. The J-35A opts for a more enclosed engine design with fewer visible edges and a smoother outline around the exhaust, aimed at minimizing radar reflections—a crucial element in stealth technology. This design is likely optimized to meet the J-35A\u0026#8217;s unique performance specifications, possibly prioritizing operational flexibility in varied combat scenarios.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d4:T4c4,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn contrast, the F-35\u0026#8217;s exhaust system is more intricate, with defined features that reflect advanced American engineering practices aimed at maximizing stealth. The pronounced design and use of cutting-edge materials in the F-35\u0026#8217;s exhaust system illustrate a comprehensive approach to reducing its radar footprint, aligning with the aircraft\u0026#8217;s strategic role in achieving air superiority.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-wing-design-and-aerodynamic-efficiency\"\u003eWing design and aerodynamic efficiency\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe wing designs of the J-35A and F-35 further reflect their distinct tactical priorities. The J-35A features slightly more angular wings, designed to enhance maneuverability—a critical factor in dogfights and rapid tactical shifts. This design choice supports the J-35A\u0026#8217;s presumed role in regional dominance and quick-response scenarios.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe F-35, however, sports smoother, more contoured wings that align with its overarching stealth strategy. These wings are engineered to minimize radar reflections and maintain stability at high speeds, supporting the F-35\u0026#8217;s role in deep-strike missions and sustained air operations over hostile territory.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d5:T665,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-air-intakes-and-landing-gear\"\u003eAir intakes and landing gear\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe design variations extend to both aircraft\u0026#8217;s air intakes and landing gear. The J-35A\u0026#8217;s air intakes are wider and more angular, possibly increasing engine airflow and improving performance but at a potential cost to its stealth profile. Meanwhile, the F-35\u0026#8217;s air intakes are designed with stealth as a paramount consideration, featuring a rounded, smooth structure that enhances airflow while minimizing radar detection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe J-35A\u0026#8217;s landing gear is simpler and more robust, likely designed to endure diverse and potentially rugged operational environments. On the other hand, the F-35\u0026#8217;s landing gear is more complex, incorporating features that reduce radar cross-section and enhance the overall stealth profile, which is critical for operations in highly contested areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-performance-and-role-of-the-j-35a-and-f-35-stealth-fighters\"\u003ePerformance and role of the J-35A and F-35 stealth fighters\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-speed-range-and-endurance-nbsp\"\u003eSpeed, range, and endurance\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe J-35A achieves a maximum speed of Mach 2.0, surpassing the F-35\u0026#8217;s top speed of Mach 1.6. This superior speed equips the J-35A with an advantage in fast-paced combat scenarios, particularly in intercepting high-speed targets, which is crucial for air superiority roles. The design supports quick maneuvers and rapid response, aligning with its intended use within the People\u0026#8217;s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF).\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d6:T445,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eConversely, the F-35 excels in range and versatility, featuring a longer operational range of approximately 2,220 kilometers compared to the J-35A\u0026#8217;s 1,200 kilometers. This extended range makes the F-35 more suitable for long-range missions and deep-strike capabilities. It reflects its role in projecting power over vast distances and supporting varied mission profiles, from ground attack to reconnaissance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOriginally thought to employ Russian RD-33 engines, the J-35A is likely to transition to using more advanced Chinese-developed \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/chinas-j-35a-stealth-fighter-is-black-box-despite-splashy-debut-2024-11-11/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWS-13E or WS-21 engines\u003c/a\u003e. Future models are expected to incorporate the WS-19 engines, enhancing their thrust and performance capabilities. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoth aircraft can refuel in-flight, significantly extending their operational reach and endurance. This allows for prolonged deployment in contested areas without ground support.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d7:T45b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-advanced-avionics-and-weaponry\"\u003eAdvanced avionics and weaponry\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe J-35A incorporates a suite of advanced Chinese-made avionics, including AESA radar, infrared search and track systems, and comprehensive electronic warfare capabilities. These systems enhance the aircraft\u0026#8217;s awareness of its surroundings, which is crucial for engaging multiple threats simultaneously and adapting to dynamic combat environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe F-35 has the AN/APG-81 AESA radar, AN/AAQ-37 Distributed Aperture System, and AN/ASQ-239 electronic warfare suite, offering unmatched sensor fusion and situational awareness. This integration allows the F-35 to detect, track, and engage targets at considerable distances, even in highly contested environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoth the J-35A and F-35 maintain their stealth profiles by carrying weapons internally. The J-35A can carry up to 7,000 kilograms of payload, while the F-35 has a slightly higher capacity of 8,160 kilograms. This internal carriage design is critical for maintaining a low radar cross-section during missions.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d8:T60d,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe J-35A emphasizes speed and agility for regional operations, while the F-35 focuses on versatility, range, and global interoperability. These aircraft demonstrate the \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/pentagon-1000s-of-ai-piloted-fighter-jets\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eadvanced state of modern air combat \u003c/a\u003etechnologies and illustrate the critical role of securing intellectual property in maintaining national defense advantages.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cyber-espionage-and-the-theft-of-f-35-design-data\"\u003eCyber espionage and the theft of F-35 design data\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFrank Kendall, the Defense Acquisitions Chief in 2013, highlighted the \u003ca href=\"https://www.unsw.edu.au/newsroom/news/2015/01/hacking-the-secrets-of-australias-joint-strike-fighter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ecompromise of unclassified F-35 data\u003c/a\u003e despite the classified information remaining secure. This breach reportedly allowed competing powers, particularly highlighted in Pentagon reports linking the Chinese government and military, to advance their military technology programs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2014, a Los Angeles grand jury indicted Chinese national Su Bin for assisting PLA hackers in stealing over 630,000 files related to the F-35 and other critical U.S. aircraft from 2008 to 2014. Bin\u0026#8217;s role involved facilitating the translation and targeting of sensitive defense technology, underscoring the depth of espionage activities to undermine U.S. technological supremacy.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d9:T1ca1,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eResearchers develop rare earth-free electric motors using copper\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Texas A\u0026amp;M researchers have developed a groundbreaking electric motor using copper instead of rare Earth materials.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/high-power-electric-motors-using-copper\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Researchers develop rare earth-free electric motors using copper\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Texas A\u0026amp;M researchers have developed a groundbreaking electric motor using copper instead of rare Earth materials.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/high-power-electric-motors-using-copper\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T22:53:19+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T22:53:27+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-27T021916.763.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kapil Kajal\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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University\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Innovation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/high-power-electric-motors-using-copper#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2024\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/high-power-electric-motors-using-copper\",\"url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/high-power-electric-motors-using-copper\",\"name\":\"Researchers develop rare earth-free electric motors using 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plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"da:T1152,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eElectric motors power a range of technologies, including ships, airplanes, wind turbines, and electric vehicles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, these motors are typically made with rare Earth materials, which present numerous environmental and economic challenges.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRare earths are limited resources, and their mining processes can cause significant environmental pollution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the global supply of these materials is largely controlled by a few countries, making them expensive to extract and vulnerable to supply chain disruptions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo address these issues, a team at Texas A\u0026amp;M University, led by Dr. Hamid Toliyat, a professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, along with Mehdi Seyedi, a Ph.D. student in electrical engineering, and Dr. Dorsa Talebi, a postdoctoral researcher, is developing a motor that does not rely on rare Earth materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-high-power-electric-motors\"\u003eHigh-power electric motors\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey aim to create a cost-effective, compact, efficient, and sustainable electric motor that eliminates the need for rare earths and reduces dependence on foreign markets.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Talebi notes, “There are many unethical mining processes for extracting rare earth materials, which are also very energy-intensive. While there are global projects aimed at mining rare earths more sustainably, there is inadequate regulation. To meet the demands of growing industries, we need an alternative. Our motor addresses this need by not requiring rare earths.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor their two-year project titled “Advancing Electric Vehicle Propulsion: High Power Rare-Earth-Free Electric Motor Development,” the team aims to replace rare Earth components, such as neodymium magnets, with abundant and environmentally friendly materials like copper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Using copper coils instead of rare Earth materials in the motor’s rotating part is much more accessible,” Talebi stated.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It is also expected to be cheaper since it avoids the cost of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/magnet-free-motors-valeo-mahle-evs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erare\u003c/a\u003e earth materials and permanent magnets needed for vehicle propulsion. By removing rare earths from the supply chain, we reduce our dependency on foreign countries, and copper is more sustainable since it is readily available.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team has conducted simulations to validate their concept and created a prototype to demonstrate the feasibility of their motor.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey are working to ensure that their motor\u0026#8217;s performance matches that of current rare Earth motors used in electric and hybrid vehicles while remaining competitive with other rare earth-free alternatives.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-using-copper\"\u003eUsing copper\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Toliyat explained, “In terms of power-to-weight ratio, our technology is comparable to motors utilizing rare earth materials.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSeyedi added, “Many automotive manufacturers are \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-magnet-free-electric-motor-needs-no-maintenance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ealready\u003c/a\u003e moving away from rare earth materials and developing rare earth-free motors. However, their options are limited and come with significant challenges. We hope our approach will resolve most of these issues, offering a cost-effective and efficient solution.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team received nearly $500,000 from a Type 2 award as part of Texas A\u0026amp;M University’s Advancing Discovery to Market (ADM) Innovation Awards program, which focuses on projects approaching market readiness.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUltimately, the team aims to commercialize its motor and establish its own company, holding issued U.S. patents and pending US patent applications for its innovation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This innovation could significantly impact the automobile industry,” Dr. Talebi remarked, “and it can also be extended to wind turbines, renewable energy solutions, and transportation systems.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Alan Palazzolo, a professor in the J. Mike Walker ’66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, is the project\u0026#8217;s co-principal investigator.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Texas A\u0026amp;M Engineering Experiment Station (TEES), the official research agency for Texas A\u0026amp;M Engineering, manages funding for this research.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"db:T4c7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor their two-year project titled “Advancing Electric Vehicle Propulsion: High Power Rare-Earth-Free Electric Motor Development,” the team aims to replace rare Earth components, such as neodymium magnets, with abundant and environmentally friendly materials like copper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Using copper coils instead of rare Earth materials in the motor’s rotating part is much more accessible,” Talebi stated.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“It is also expected to be cheaper since it avoids the cost of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/magnet-free-motors-valeo-mahle-evs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erare\u003c/a\u003e earth materials and permanent magnets needed for vehicle propulsion. By removing rare earths from the supply chain, we reduce our dependency on foreign countries, and copper is more sustainable since it is readily available.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team has conducted simulations to validate their concept and created a prototype to demonstrate the feasibility of their motor.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey are working to ensure that their motor\u0026#8217;s performance matches that of current rare Earth motors used in electric and hybrid vehicles while remaining competitive with other rare earth-free alternatives.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"dc:T51b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-using-copper\"\u003eUsing copper\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Toliyat explained, “In terms of power-to-weight ratio, our technology is comparable to motors utilizing rare earth materials.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSeyedi added, “Many automotive manufacturers are \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-magnet-free-electric-motor-needs-no-maintenance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ealready\u003c/a\u003e moving away from rare earth materials and developing rare earth-free motors. However, their options are limited and come with significant challenges. We hope our approach will resolve most of these issues, offering a cost-effective and efficient solution.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe team received nearly $500,000 from a Type 2 award as part of Texas A\u0026amp;M University’s Advancing Discovery to Market (ADM) Innovation Awards program, which focuses on projects approaching market readiness.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUltimately, the team aims to commercialize its motor and establish its own company, holding issued U.S. patents and pending US patent applications for its innovation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This innovation could significantly impact the automobile industry,” Dr. Talebi remarked, “and it can also be extended to wind turbines, renewable energy solutions, and transportation systems.”\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"dd:T200e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eChina unveils hacker-proof microcomputer to boost cybersecurity\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"China’s Purple Mountain Laboratories has unveiled a new high-tech “microcomputer” - called ESC0830 - at the Nanjing conference.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"China unveils hacker-proof microcomputer to boost cybersecurity\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"China’s Purple Mountain Laboratories has unveiled a new high-tech “microcomputer” - called ESC0830 - at the Nanjing conference.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:52:25+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-27T08:17:17+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-98.png?w=1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Mrigakshi 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content=\"2024-11-26T13:52:25+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"de:T139a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eIn recent decades, the world has become increasingly interconnected — thanks to the rapid advancement in digital technology.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, there is a dark side to it too, cyber threat, which poses a serious risk to digital security.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThat’s why, the need for robust cybersecurity technology has never been greater.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-worlds-most-energy-efficient-ai-chips\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eChina\u003c/a\u003e’s Purple Mountain Laboratories has unveiled a new high-tech “microcomputer.” This tiny powerhouse promises to advance the way we think about security. It\u0026#8217;s a state-of-the-art security device, engineered to resist advanced cyber threats.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post (SCMP)\u003c/em\u003e reported that this “self-contained microcomputer” is 100 times more robust than standard ones to hackers.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReportedly, the lab recently showcased its hacker-proof microcontroller unit (MCU) dubbed ESC0830 at the Nanjing conference.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMCUs are single, versatile chips that automate tasks in many industries. Advanced MCUs are used in critical systems and offer robust security in industrial control and financial payment systems.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-microcomputer-s-triple-core-architecture\"\u003eMicrocomputer\u0026#8217;s triple core architecture\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, this newly introduced MCU \u0026#8211; ESC0830 \u0026#8211; is roughly the size of a US quarter. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith its triple-core (processing units) architecture, it can continue functioning even if one core is compromised. It\u0026#8217;s like having a backup plan for the digital world.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis ensures that the device remains operational and secure, even in the face of a cyber attack.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This development marks the end of an era of vulnerable MCUs,” Wu Jiangxing, project lead, and the lab’s chief scientist told \u003cem\u003eScience and Technology Daily.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe developers state that the new MCU is also compatible with existing systems and devices. It can be directly substituted for older, less secure MCUs without requiring any modifications to the surrounding circuitry. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis compatibility significantly reduces the cost and complexity of upgrading devices, making it a more attractive option for businesses, according to the developers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"💻 How Are Microchips Made?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/g8Qav3vIv9s?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cost-effective-security-solution\"\u003eCost-effective security solution\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMCUs are the brains behind many household appliances. They\u0026#8217;re small, efficient computers on a single chip that control various functions within devices like washing machines, and televisions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-microchip-material-is-10-times-stronger-than-kevlar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emicrochips\u003c/a\u003e are designed to be energy-efficient, consuming minimal power while performing their tasks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn September 2024, a series of explosions occurred in Lebanon, targeting members of the Hezbollah group.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e \u003c/sup\u003eThese explosions were triggered by detonated pagers and walkie-talkies, the \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3288218/how-chinese-lab-aims-keep-data-hackers-bay-new-mcu-design\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e reported. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eThis incident highlighted a concerning vulnerability: the potential for everyday electronic devices to be exploited for malicious purposes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eBBC\u003c/em\u003e reported that hackers might have remotely exploited the devices\u0026#8217; MCUs to trigger explosions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt raised questions about the security of embedded systems and the need for robust security measures, even in seemingly simple devices.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new MCU could offer a cost-effective security solution.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe applications of this technology are endless. From the smartphones in our pockets to the infrastructure that powers our cities, this microchip can safeguard it all. This is a major step toward a more secure digital world.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt took two years for the Purple Mountain Laboratories to develop this high-tech MCU.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eFounded in 2018, the government lab is at the forefront of network security research, collaborating with industry leaders.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe MCU project is a national initiative led by State Grid.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"df:T425,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post (SCMP)\u003c/em\u003e reported that this “self-contained microcomputer” is 100 times more robust than standard ones to hackers.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eReportedly, the lab recently showcased its hacker-proof microcontroller unit (MCU) dubbed ESC0830 at the Nanjing conference.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMCUs are single, versatile chips that automate tasks in many industries. Advanced MCUs are used in critical systems and offer robust security in industrial control and financial payment systems.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-microcomputer-s-triple-core-architecture\"\u003eMicrocomputer\u0026#8217;s triple core architecture\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, this newly introduced MCU \u0026#8211; ESC0830 \u0026#8211; is roughly the size of a US quarter. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWith its triple-core (processing units) architecture, it can continue functioning even if one core is compromised. It\u0026#8217;s like having a backup plan for the digital world.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis ensures that the device remains operational and secure, even in the face of a cyber attack.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e0:T6b6,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“This development marks the end of an era of vulnerable MCUs,” Wu Jiangxing, project lead, and the lab’s chief scientist told \u003cem\u003eScience and Technology Daily.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe developers state that the new MCU is also compatible with existing systems and devices. It can be directly substituted for older, less secure MCUs without requiring any modifications to the surrounding circuitry. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis compatibility significantly reduces the cost and complexity of upgrading devices, making it a more attractive option for businesses, according to the developers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"💻 How Are Microchips Made?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/g8Qav3vIv9s?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cost-effective-security-solution\"\u003eCost-effective security solution\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMCUs are the brains behind many household appliances. They\u0026#8217;re small, efficient computers on a single chip that control various functions within devices like washing machines, and televisions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-microchip-material-is-10-times-stronger-than-kevlar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003emicrochips\u003c/a\u003e are designed to be energy-efficient, consuming minimal power while performing their tasks.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e1:T4a0,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn September 2024, a series of explosions occurred in Lebanon, targeting members of the Hezbollah group.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e \u003c/sup\u003eThese explosions were triggered by detonated pagers and walkie-talkies, the \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3288218/how-chinese-lab-aims-keep-data-hackers-bay-new-mcu-design\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSCMP\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e reported. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eThis incident highlighted a concerning vulnerability: the potential for everyday electronic devices to be exploited for malicious purposes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eBBC\u003c/em\u003e reported that hackers might have remotely exploited the devices\u0026#8217; MCUs to trigger explosions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt raised questions about the security of embedded systems and the need for robust security measures, even in seemingly simple devices.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe new MCU could offer a cost-effective security solution.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe applications of this technology are endless. From the smartphones in our pockets to the infrastructure that powers our cities, this microchip can safeguard it all. This is a major step toward a more secure digital world.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e2:T1f3c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eScientists use sunlight to break the toughest plastic to recycle\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Instead of external compounds, the researchers used carbon black, already embedded in black polystyrene, as the heat-converting agent.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Scientists use sunlight to break the toughest plastic to recycle\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Instead of external compounds, the researchers used carbon black, already embedded in black polystyrene, as the heat-converting agent.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:24:21+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:24:30+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T180140.110.jpg\" 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content=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/e5EEAH773uw\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:type\" content=\"text/html\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:duration\" content=\"547\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:width\" content=\"480\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:video:height\" content=\"270\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:adult\" content=\"false\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:upload_date\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:24:21+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e3:T14e3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eBlack polystyrene, widely used in food containers, coffee lids, and packaging, is notoriously hard to recycle. Its dark color, achieved with carbon black pigment, thwarts optical scanners used in recycling plants, and the pigment complicates conventional recycling methods. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNow, scientists from Cornell and Princeton universities have developed a groundbreaking method that uses sunlight and carbon black itself to transform this challenging waste into reusable materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Simple, visible light irradiation holds the potential to transform the chemical recycling of plastics, using the additives already found in many commercial products,” say the paper’s authors, Sewon Oh, Hanning Jiang and Erin Stache.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-challenge-with-black-polystyrene\"\u003eThe challenge with black polystyrene\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile bans on single-use plastics are increasing, black polystyrene remains prevalent. Its recycling challenges stem from two major issues—sorting difficulties and an energy-intensive breakdown. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOptical scanners, crucial for sorting plastics in \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastic-waste-turned-into-valuable-resources\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erecycling\u003c/a\u003e facilities, cannot detect black polystyrene because it absorbs light instead of reflecting it. This makes automated identification and sorting nearly impossible.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionaly, breaking polystyrene’s molecular bonds traditionally requires heating it to over 572°F (300°C) in oxygen-free chambers. This process is costly and inefficient, making it unsuitable for large-scale recycling.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOne promising alternative, photothermal conversion, uses light to heat plastics through a helper compound that converts light into localized heat. However, the inclusion of these compounds raises concerns about generating additional waste or altering the properties of the plastic during its initial use.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-new-approach-using-carbon-black\"\u003eA new approach using carbon black\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eInstead of introducing external compounds, the researchers leveraged carbon black, already embedded in black polystyrene, as the heat-converting agent. This approach eliminates the need for additional additives while utilizing a component that was previously considered an obstacle.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn their experiments, the team ground lab-made black polystyrene into a fine powder and placed it under high-intensity white LED lights. The carbon black absorbed the light, generating localized heat that broke the polystyrene into smaller molecules known as styrenes. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese styrenes, along with the remaining carbon black, were then recycled into new polystyrene, achieving a closed-loop process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen tested with consumer waste like food containers and lids, the results were promising. Up to 53% of the material was converted back into styrene. With concentrated sunlight, efficiency soared to 80%. Even mixed waste with black, yellow, red, and clear polystyrene converted at a 67% efficiency in sunlight, thanks to carbon black’s heat-conversion properties.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-step-towards-sustainable-plastic-recycling\"\u003eA step towards sustainable plastic recycling\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis method’s reliance on sunlight and existing materials makes it both cost-effective and sustainable. Concentrated sunlight offers the highest efficiency, making the process adaptable to regions with abundant \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/artificial-sun-nuclear-fusion-new-method\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esunlight\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEven with contamination from substances like canola oil or orange juice, the method showed minimal efficiency loss, demonstrating its robustness.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy addressing both the sorting and energy challenges of black \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/green-hydrogen-from-plastic-waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epolystyrene recycling\u003c/a\u003e, this innovation represents a significant step toward reducing landfill waste. Additionally, it could pave the way for recycling other hard-to-process colored plastics, moving closer to a circular economy for plastic use.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs environmental regulations on single-use \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastics-turned-into-graphene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplastics\u003c/a\u003e tighten, solutions like this could become crucial for managing plastic waste.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was recently published in \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.acs.org/pressroom/presspacs/2024/november/using-sunlight-to-recycle-black-plastics.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eACS Central Science\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Waste Plastic is Converted into Fuel\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/e5EEAH773uw?start=54\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e4:T49a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Simple, visible light irradiation holds the potential to transform the chemical recycling of plastics, using the additives already found in many commercial products,” say the paper’s authors, Sewon Oh, Hanning Jiang and Erin Stache.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-challenge-with-black-polystyrene\"\u003eThe challenge with black polystyrene\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile bans on single-use plastics are increasing, black polystyrene remains prevalent. Its recycling challenges stem from two major issues—sorting difficulties and an energy-intensive breakdown. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eOptical scanners, crucial for sorting plastics in \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastic-waste-turned-into-valuable-resources\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003erecycling\u003c/a\u003e facilities, cannot detect black polystyrene because it absorbs light instead of reflecting it. This makes automated identification and sorting nearly impossible.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionaly, breaking polystyrene’s molecular bonds traditionally requires heating it to over 572°F (300°C) in oxygen-free chambers. This process is costly and inefficient, making it unsuitable for large-scale recycling.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e5:T491,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese styrenes, along with the remaining carbon black, were then recycled into new polystyrene, achieving a closed-loop process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen tested with consumer waste like food containers and lids, the results were promising. Up to 53% of the material was converted back into styrene. With concentrated sunlight, efficiency soared to 80%. Even mixed waste with black, yellow, red, and clear polystyrene converted at a 67% efficiency in sunlight, thanks to carbon black’s heat-conversion properties.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-step-towards-sustainable-plastic-recycling\"\u003eA step towards sustainable plastic recycling\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis method’s reliance on sunlight and existing materials makes it both cost-effective and sustainable. Concentrated sunlight offers the highest efficiency, making the process adaptable to regions with abundant \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/artificial-sun-nuclear-fusion-new-method\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esunlight\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEven with contamination from substances like canola oil or orange juice, the method showed minimal efficiency loss, demonstrating its robustness.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e6:T5e5,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBy addressing both the sorting and energy challenges of black \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/green-hydrogen-from-plastic-waste\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003epolystyrene recycling\u003c/a\u003e, this innovation represents a significant step toward reducing landfill waste. Additionally, it could pave the way for recycling other hard-to-process colored plastics, moving closer to a circular economy for plastic use.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs environmental regulations on single-use \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastics-turned-into-graphene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eplastics\u003c/a\u003e tighten, solutions like this could become crucial for managing plastic waste.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was recently published in \u003cem\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.acs.org/pressroom/presspacs/2024/november/using-sunlight-to-recycle-black-plastics.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eACS Central Science\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Waste Plastic is Converted into Fuel\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/e5EEAH773uw?start=54\u0026#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e7:T2018,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eMercedes\u0026#039; new brakes to improve EV performance, reduce brake dust\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"Mercedes unveils In-Drive Brakes, an EV system integrating brakes into the motor for better efficiency, cleaner streets, and improved aerodynamics.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mercedes\u0026#039; new brakes to improve EV performance, reduce brake dust\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mercedes unveils In-Drive Brakes, an EV system integrating brakes into the motor for better efficiency, cleaner streets, and improved aerodynamics.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:06:56+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T13:07:03+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T155712.838.jpg\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/jpeg\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jijo Malayil\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#/schema/person/a3eddb9abcff4bb68deb73b9ddcaa0b5\"},\"headline\":\"Mercedes unleashes new EV braking system to push electric power and performance\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-26T13:06:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T13:07:03+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\"},\"wordCount\":573,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T155712.838.jpg\",\"caption\":\"There is no traditional caliper; 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Positioned where the half-shafts connect, the innovative design integrates the brakes directly into the motor assembly.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Mercedes system replaces calipers with a circular brake pad mounted on the electric motor\u0026#8217;s output shaft. The pad presses against a stationary, water-cooled ring within a sealed enclosure.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhile the prototype demonstrates this approach on the rear axle, it has the potential to function on both the front and rear axles.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to Mercedes, the innovation offers better ride quality, cleaner streets by containing brake dust, and streamlined wheel designs for improved aerodynamics.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-integrated-brake-innovation\"\u003eIntegrated brake innovation\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEVs rely on regenerative braking for 98 percent of their deceleration needs, but friction brakes are still essential for the remaining 2 percent, especially during critical high-demand stops.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA complete emergency stop may need up to 2200 kW of power, but regenerative braking usually provides up to 290 kW. However, because friction brakes are rarely used, their rotors typically rust, which results in brake dust, noise, and decreased efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"World\u0026#039;s First Electric Road: Charging EVs While Driving\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/FI_FrKb2dZY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMercedes is creating an inventive remedy known as In-Drive Brakes to address these problems. This concept relocates the brakes from the wheels to inside the electric drive motor, near the half-shafts connecting to the wheels. Currently demonstrated on the rear axle, the system could potentially work on both axles.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn contrast to traditional disc brakes, the In-Drive Brakes function similarly to a clutch system in manual gearboxes. For EVs, a cleaner, more integrated, and more effective braking solution is provided by a rotating disc that is fixed to the half-shaft.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-effortless-ev-braking\"\u003eEffortless EV braking\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe proposed braking system replaces conventional disc brakes with a design resembling a manual transmission clutch. It features a rotating disc, integrated with the half-shaft of each wheel, coated with \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/discovery-law-of-friction-minimizes-energy-loss\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efriction\u003c/a\u003e material near its edges. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTwo fixed, non-rotating flywheel-like plates flank this disc, with an annular hydraulic cylinder compressing the assembly. This causes the friction disc to drag against the fixed plates, slowing the vehicle.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTo disperse heat produced during braking, the system has liquid-cooled fixed plates that are completely contained in housings at the motor\u0026#8217;s ends. Each brake housing incorporates a sump to collect brake dust, ensuring brakes that endure the car\u0026#8217;s lifespan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Mercedes, by removing the requirement for cooling air passages, this enclosed design guarantees silent operation maintains clean wheels, lowers unsprung weight, and provides design flexibility for wheels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"We Don\u0026#039;t Have Enough Power for EVs\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/-bVjC7bSTw0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe idea works well with front-motor configurations or even cars without motors, which makes it more appealing for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/battery-80-charge-15-minutes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eEVs\u003c/a\u003e if the price is comparable to that of conventional brakes. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe system complements the cutting-edge technology of the Mercedes Future Technology Lab and is quiet, effective, and low-maintenance. We\u0026#8217;re excited to see this innovative method used in the next car models since it has the potential to revolutionize braking systems completely.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMercedes claims the In-Drive \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/a-team-of-mechanics-built-a-how-to-air-brake-for-a-lada\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eBrake\u003c/a\u003e system is designed to last the vehicle\u0026#8217;s lifetime without requiring servicing, potentially saving owners thousands in brake repairs and replacements. Brake dust is collected in a sealed compartment that never needs emptying.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e9:T6b7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-integrated-brake-innovation\"\u003eIntegrated brake innovation\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eEVs rely on regenerative braking for 98 percent of their deceleration needs, but friction brakes are still essential for the remaining 2 percent, especially during critical high-demand stops.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA complete emergency stop may need up to 2200 kW of power, but regenerative braking usually provides up to 290 kW. However, because friction brakes are rarely used, their rotors typically rust, which results in brake dust, noise, and decreased efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"World\u0026#039;s First Electric Road: Charging EVs While Driving\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/FI_FrKb2dZY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMercedes is creating an inventive remedy known as In-Drive Brakes to address these problems. This concept relocates the brakes from the wheels to inside the electric drive motor, near the half-shafts connecting to the wheels. Currently demonstrated on the rear axle, the system could potentially work on both axles.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn contrast to traditional disc brakes, the In-Drive Brakes function similarly to a clutch system in manual gearboxes. For EVs, a cleaner, more integrated, and more effective braking solution is provided by a rotating disc that is fixed to the half-shaft.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ea:T4ad,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-effortless-ev-braking\"\u003eEffortless EV braking\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe proposed braking system replaces conventional disc brakes with a design resembling a manual transmission clutch. It features a rotating disc, integrated with the half-shaft of each wheel, coated with \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/discovery-law-of-friction-minimizes-energy-loss\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003efriction\u003c/a\u003e material near its edges. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eTwo fixed, non-rotating flywheel-like plates flank this disc, with an annular hydraulic cylinder compressing the assembly. This causes the friction disc to drag against the fixed plates, slowing the vehicle.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTo disperse heat produced during braking, the system has liquid-cooled fixed plates that are completely contained in housings at the motor\u0026#8217;s ends. Each brake housing incorporates a sump to collect brake dust, ensuring brakes that endure the car\u0026#8217;s lifespan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Mercedes, by removing the requirement for cooling air passages, this enclosed design guarantees silent operation maintains clean wheels, lowers unsprung weight, and provides design flexibility for wheels.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"eb:T61e,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"We Don\u0026#039;t Have Enough Power for EVs\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/-bVjC7bSTw0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe idea works well with front-motor configurations or even cars without motors, which makes it more appealing for \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/battery-80-charge-15-minutes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eEVs\u003c/a\u003e if the price is comparable to that of conventional brakes. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe system complements the cutting-edge technology of the Mercedes Future Technology Lab and is quiet, effective, and low-maintenance. We\u0026#8217;re excited to see this innovative method used in the next car models since it has the potential to revolutionize braking systems completely.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMercedes claims the In-Drive \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/a-team-of-mechanics-built-a-how-to-air-brake-for-a-lada\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003eBrake\u003c/a\u003e system is designed to last the vehicle\u0026#8217;s lifetime without requiring servicing, potentially saving owners thousands in brake repairs and replacements. Brake dust is collected in a sealed compartment that never needs emptying.\u003c/p\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ec:T1fb3,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003c!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v22.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --\u003e\n\u003ctitle\u003eLargest worm lizard ever discovered lived 50 million years ago\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"A brand new species and genus of a legless reptile has been identfied in a fossil bed in Tunisia that slithered at an unbelievable 3 feet long with very strong jaws.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Largest worm lizard ever discovered lived 50 million years ago\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A brand new species and genus of a legless reptile has been identfied in a fossil bed in Tunisia that slithered at an unbelievable 3 feet long with very strong jaws.\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Interesting Engineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https://www.facebook.com/interestingengineering/\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T12:41:26+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T12:41:34+00:00\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image/png\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"author\" content=\"Maria Mocerino\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IntEngineering\" /\u003e\n\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Maria Mocerino\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" /\u003e\n\t\u003cmeta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" /\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application/ld+json\" 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/\u003e\n\u003cmeta property=\"ya:ovs:allow_embed\" content=\"true\" /\u003e\n\u003c!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ed:T149c,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers in Tunisia found the largest “worm lizard” that has ever lived with a feeding strategy that has remained consistent for millions of years.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe recently identified \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;existed a whopping 50 million years ago at a time when warm temperatures might have encouraged its astonishing growth. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSlithering up to three feet long, the reptile belongs to a new genus and species of\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians, a “charismatic group” of “legless lizards” that has “attracted and puzzled researchers since the 19\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026nbsp;century.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut beyond its unusually long body, \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus\u003c/em\u003e has distinct characteristics that set it apart as its own species and genus within the \u003cem\u003eTrogonophidae\u003c/em\u003e family that has eluciated where the feeding habits of its modern-day relative came from: one hungry giant with a soft-spot for snails.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-biggest-worm-like-reptile-ever-recorded\"\u003eThe biggest worm-like reptile ever recorded\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRecent fieldwork in Eocene levels of the Natural Park of Djebel Chambi, Tunisia, “led to the discovery of one of the oldest records of Amphisbaenia in Afro-Arabia,” according to a new study.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThough known as a fossil-bearing site, it has yet to produce a reptile until now, and researchers uncovered at least 11 different specimens, as \u003cem\u003eNewsweek \u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsweek.com/record-breaking-giant-worm-lizard-50-million-years-ago-discovered-1991300\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fossils found include craniodental and vertebral remains so “unusual” that researchers had to classify this striking specimen as a new genus and species within an intriguing family of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burmese-python-turns-massive-rival-snake-into-dinner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereptiles\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our discovery from Tunisia, with an estimated skull length exceeding five centimeters, is the largest known worm lizard species,” Dr. Georgios L. Georgalis, the research head, explained. “All evidence indicates that the new species is related to the modern-day checkerboard worm lizard.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing micro-computed tomography, they assessed the anatomy of the new taxon against other\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians. The\u0026nbsp;Terastiodontosaurus\u0026nbsp;showed an “extreme dental morphology, including one massive tooth on the maxilla and dentary, flat cheek teeth, and an array of other diagnostic features that readily differentiate from all other amphisbaenians.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Visually, you can imagine the animal as a ‘sandworm’ from the ‘Dune’ science fiction novels and their movie adaptation. Based on the tooth structure and the unusually thick enamel, we can deduce that the animals had enormous muscle strength in their jaws,” Georgalis\u0026nbsp;continued in a recent press release.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMost worm lizards are subterranean, but this giant might have been too big to remain completely underground, giving it an unusual behavioral pattern amongst the group. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-eating-snails-for-over-50-million-years\"\u003eEating snails for over 50 million years\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts extremely strong jaws and specialized tooth enamel suggest that it feasted on snails, able to crush through their shells with ease. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGeorgalis said in a press \u003ca href=\"https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517?returnurl=https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003erelease\u003c/a\u003e that today’s checkerboard worm lizards eat snails by breaking open their shells. Now, researchers can make a prehistoric link.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This lineage specialized in feeding on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/china-snail-shells-tell-tale-of-superstorm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esnails\u003c/a\u003e\u0026#8230; This feeding strategy is therefore extremely consistent. It has defied all environmental changes and accompanies the lineage to this day.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSo this lineage of the largest “worm \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/scuba-diving-lizard-uses-air-bubble\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elizard\u003c/a\u003e” hasn’t had any need to change its behavior in millions of years. When it works, it works.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/202/3/zlae133/7906359?login=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epublished\u003c/a\u003e in the \u003cem\u003eZoological Journal of the Linnean Society. \u003c/em\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"\u003e\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Reptiles Helped Solve Problems\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/u6ysfXo1x9Y?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ee:T565,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eBut beyond its unusually long body, \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus\u003c/em\u003e has distinct characteristics that set it apart as its own species and genus within the \u003cem\u003eTrogonophidae\u003c/em\u003e family that has eluciated where the feeding habits of its modern-day relative came from: one hungry giant with a soft-spot for snails.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-biggest-worm-like-reptile-ever-recorded\"\u003eThe biggest worm-like reptile ever recorded\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eRecent fieldwork in Eocene levels of the Natural Park of Djebel Chambi, Tunisia, “led to the discovery of one of the oldest records of Amphisbaenia in Afro-Arabia,” according to a new study.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThough known as a fossil-bearing site, it has yet to produce a reptile until now, and researchers uncovered at least 11 different specimens, as \u003cem\u003eNewsweek \u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsweek.com/record-breaking-giant-worm-lizard-50-million-years-ago-discovered-1991300\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereported\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fossils found include craniodental and vertebral remains so “unusual” that researchers had to classify this striking specimen as a new genus and species within an intriguing family of \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burmese-python-turns-massive-rival-snake-into-dinner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003ereptiles\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"ef:T6ac,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMost worm lizards are subterranean, but this giant might have been too big to remain completely underground, giving it an unusual behavioral pattern amongst the group. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-eating-snails-for-over-50-million-years\"\u003eEating snails for over 50 million years\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIts extremely strong jaws and specialized tooth enamel suggest that it feasted on snails, able to crush through their shells with ease. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eGeorgalis said in a press \u003ca href=\"https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517?returnurl=https://www.alphagalileo.org/en-gb/Item-Display/ItemId/252517\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003erelease\u003c/a\u003e that today’s checkerboard worm lizards eat snails by breaking open their shells. Now, researchers can make a prehistoric link.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#8220;This lineage specialized in feeding on \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/china-snail-shells-tell-tale-of-superstorm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003esnails\u003c/a\u003e\u0026#8230; This feeding strategy is therefore extremely consistent. It has defied all environmental changes and accompanies the lineage to this day.” \u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eSo this lineage of the largest “worm \u003ca href=\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/scuba-diving-lizard-uses-air-bubble\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow\"\u003elizard\u003c/a\u003e” hasn’t had any need to change its behavior in millions of years. When it works, it works.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/202/3/zlae133/7906359?login=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003epublished\u003c/a\u003e in the \u003cem\u003eZoological Journal of the Linnean Society. \u003c/em\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"17:[[\"$\",\"$L19\",null,{\"articleType\":\"article\",\"author\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"publishDate\":\"2024-11-25\",\"title\":\"Flying tank? Inventor creates real-life Transformers robot with drone tech\",\"category\":\"innovation\"}],[[\"$\",\"meta\",null,{\"name\":\"parsely-title\",\"content\":\"Flying tank? 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Inventor creates real-life Transformers robot with drone tech\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe vehicle\u0026#8217;s six brushless motors, two servos, and two linear actuators are controlled by a custom PCB running Dreamflight software.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe vehicle\u0026#8217;s six brushless motors, two servos, and two linear actuators are controlled by a custom PCB running Dreamflight software.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3576,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$1d\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/drone-with-nervous-system-tested\\\"\u003eScientists test drone with nervous system, transmits real-time data via light\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/multi-material-3d-printing-mxene\\\"\u003eAre we closer than ever to 3D printing virtually anything?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/what-cnc-machining-is-and-how-it-works\\\"\u003eWhat CNC Machining Is and How It Works\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"t-mb-4 t-mt-5 video-embed-content t-relative\\\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract t-mt-2 content-sub-title body-large headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/inventor-creates-transformer-drone-tank\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-25T19:42:49\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-25T19:55:35\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 25, 2024 02:42 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 25, 2024 02:55 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-photo-ratio-19201080-23.jpg\",\"title\":\"Flying tank? Inventor creates real-life Transformers robot with drone tech\",\"name\":\"Flying tank? Inventor creates real-life Transformers robot with drone tech\",\"alt_text\":\"Flying tank? Inventor creates real-life Transformers robot with drone tech\",\"description\":\"The robot can fly like a drone and drive on roads. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1GSzysrYtw\\\"\u003eMichael Rechtin/YouTube\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"slug\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/SMgGAAR337pt.png\",\"page_url\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil\",\"description\":\"Jijo is an automotive and business journalist based in India. Armed with a BA in History (Honors) from St. Stephen's College, Delhi University, and a PG diploma in Journalism from the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, Delhi, he has worked for news agencies, national newspapers, and automotive magazines. In his spare time, he likes to go off-roading, engage in political discourse, travel, and teach languages.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA hobbyist has created a vehicle that morphs between tank and quadcopter modes at the press of a button.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eMichael Rechtin\u0026#8217;s vehicle transitions from driving to flying via a four-bar linkage system. A retracting linear actuator rotates the wheels and prop guards to a vertical position for flight.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe main structure is reinforced with carbon fiber plates, while critical load-bearing parts are made from lightweight carbon fiber nylon for strength and heat resistance.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$1e\",\"$1f\",\"$20\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eRedesigning heavy components and refining materials to reduce weight are among the proposed changes, according to Rechtin. \u003cspan style=\\\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px\\\"\u003eThe innovator has made the design open-source and available on\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://github.com/MichaelRechtin/Transforming-Quadcopter\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\\\"margin: 0px;padding: 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vehicles more sustainable\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/high-power-electric-motors-using-copper\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T22:53:19\",\"timeAgo\":\"15 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T22:53:27\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 05:53 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 05:53 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-27T021916.763.jpg\",\"title\":\"Researchers develop rare earth-free high power electric motors using copper\",\"name\":\"Researchers develop rare earth-free high power electric motors using copper\",\"alt_text\":\"Researchers develop rare earth-free high power electric motors using copper\",\"description\":\"Dr. Dorsa Talebi, Dr. Hamid Toliyat and Mehdi Seyedi.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://engineering.tamu.edu/news/2024/11/sustainable-cost-effective-electric-motors-cut-rare-earth-materials.html\\\"\u003eTexas A\u0026amp;M Engineering\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"slug\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Kapil.png\",\"page_url\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal\",\"description\":\"Kapil Kajal is an award-winning journalist with a diverse portfolio spanning defense, politics, technology, crime, environment, human rights, and foreign policy. 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Kapil holds a dual bachelor's degree in Electrical, Electronics, and Communication Engineering and a master’s diploma in journalism from the Institute of Journalism and New Media in Bangalore.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eElectric motors power a range of technologies, including ships, airplanes, wind turbines, and electric vehicles.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, these motors are typically made with rare Earth materials, which present numerous environmental and economic challenges.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eRare earths are limited resources, and their mining processes can cause significant environmental pollution.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the global supply of these materials is largely controlled by a few countries, making them expensive to extract and vulnerable to supply chain disruptions.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eTo address these issues, a team at Texas A\u0026amp;M University, led by Dr. Hamid Toliyat, a professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, along with Mehdi Seyedi, a Ph.D. student in electrical engineering, and Dr. Dorsa Talebi, a postdoctoral researcher, is developing a motor that does not rely on rare Earth materials.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\" id=\\\"h-high-power-electric-motors\\\"\u003eHigh-power electric motors\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThey aim to create a cost-effective, compact, efficient, and sustainable electric motor that eliminates the need for rare earths and reduces dependence on foreign markets.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Talebi notes, “There are many unethical mining processes for extracting rare earth materials, which are also very energy-intensive. 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\\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/fbi-busts-russian-ai-fake-news\\\"\u003eFBI busts Russian ‘social media bot farm’ spreading fake news in US\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/fbi-to-equip-tactical-drones-with-distraction-devices\\\"\u003eUS: FBI upgrading drones with loud bang capability for tactical missions\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/seaweed-biofuel-cars-barbados\\\"\u003eEngineers turn rotten seaweed into car fuel, aim to cut 14 million-ton of CO2\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"culture/db-cooper-identity-revealed-fbi\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T20:46:34\",\"timeAgo\":\"17 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T20:46:42\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 03:46 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 03:46 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-27T005227.160.jpg\",\"title\":\"Secret parachute may have revealed DB Cooper identity after 5 decades, FBI reopens case\",\"name\":\"Secret parachute may have revealed DB Cooper identity after 5 decades, FBI reopens case\",\"alt_text\":\"Secret parachute may have revealed DB Cooper identity after 5 decades, FBI reopens case\",\"description\":\"DB Cooper sketch images.\",\"reference\":\"FBI\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"slug\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Kapil.png\",\"page_url\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal\",\"description\":\"Kapil Kajal is an award-winning journalist with a diverse portfolio spanning defense, politics, technology, crime, environment, human rights, and foreign policy. His work has been featured in publications such as Janes, National Geographic, Al Jazeera, Rest of World, Mongabay, and Nikkei. Kapil holds a dual bachelor's degree in Electrical, Electronics, and Communication Engineering and a master’s diploma in journalism from the Institute of Journalism and New Media in Bangalore.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eThe children of Richard McCoy II, a convicted skyjacker, believe their father might be DB Cooper, the mysterious figure behind a famous 1971 skyjacking.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis case is the only unsolved skyjacking in US history, but new evidence has now emerged.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eMonths after the Cooper incident, McCoy committed a similar skyjacking involving a parachute jump.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHis children, Chanté and Richard III (Rick) have long thought the similarities pointed to their father, and now they may have proof.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$27\",\"$28\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eOnce Cooper\u0026#8217;s demands were met, the flight, which should have been 30 minutes, became a two-hour loop over Puget Sound while ground crews prepared.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eCooper let the 35 passengers and some crew members go and then dictated the flight path and settings to the remaining crew.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAfter finishing the negotiations, Cooper and the four remaining crew members took off again.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSomewhere over Washington, Cooper opened the \u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/fbi-to-equip-tactical-drones-with-distraction-devices\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003erear\u003c/a\u003e staircase and parachuted out of the plane, but no one knew exactly when or where he jumped.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eEfforts to find him yielded nothing, and experts have struggled to pinpoint a search area because of the many unknowns involved in the night jump.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/db-cooper-identity-revealed-fbi\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"DB Cooper sketch images.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"FBI\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/fbi-busts-russian-ai-fake-news\\\"\u003eFBI busts Russian ‘social media bot farm’ spreading fake news in US\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/fbi-to-equip-tactical-drones-with-distraction-devices\\\"\u003eUS: FBI upgrading drones with loud bang capability for tactical missions\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/seaweed-biofuel-cars-barbados\\\"\u003eEngineers turn rotten seaweed into car fuel, aim to cut 14 million-ton of CO2\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 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href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/discovering-the-power-of-ai-systems-in-enterprise-settings\\\"\u003eWhy AI is the key to unlocking your enterprise’s full potential\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T18:51:07\",\"timeAgo\":\"19 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T18:51:14\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 01:51 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 01:51 PM 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Kajal\",\"slug\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Kapil.png\",\"page_url\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal\",\"description\":\"Kapil Kajal is an award-winning journalist with a diverse portfolio spanning defense, politics, technology, crime, environment, human rights, and foreign policy. His work has been featured in publications such as Janes, National Geographic, Al Jazeera, Rest of World, Mongabay, and Nikkei. Kapil holds a dual bachelor's degree in Electrical, Electronics, and Communication Engineering and a master’s diploma in journalism from the Institute of Journalism and New Media in Bangalore.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1970, the groundbreaking invention known as the \u0026#8220;Ultrasonic Bath\u0026#8221; captured the world\u0026#8217;s attention at the Japan World Exposition.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eCreated by Sanyo Electric, today known as Panasonic Holdings Corp, this innovative device was likened to a futuristic human washing machine.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe egg-shaped pod provided an unusual bathing experience by automatically filling with hot water, utilizing ultrasound waves, and deploying massage balls to knead users’ bodies.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFast forward over five decades, and this unconventional idea is poised for a resurgence with a modern twist.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\" id=\\\"h-human-washing-machine\\\"\u003eHuman washing machine\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eOsaka-based Science Co is set to unveil an upgraded version of the human washing machine, called the “Mirai Ningen Sentakuki” or “Future Human Washing Machine.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis highly anticipated device will be showcased at the Osaka Healthcare Pavilion and receive support from local government organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAttendees at the expo will have the opportunity to see the machine in action and experience its unique features firsthand.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eScience Co is already working on a consumer-grade model designed for home use, which will bridge the gap between exhibition novelty and practical functionality.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eDuring an informational lecture in October, chairman Yasuaki Aoyama shared that the prototype is well on its way to completion, with approximately 70% of its development finalized.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$2b\",\"$2c\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAs technology continues to evolve, the ability to customize experiences according to individual preferences will likely drive the shift towards hyper-personalization in our daily lives.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIn this light, the human washing machine transcends its quirky origins to become a symbol of what is possible at the intersection of technology and everyday living, highlighting the future of wellness and self-care.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIts emergence signals a nostalgic nod to the past and a visionary leap into a high-tech future where personal care is seamlessly integrated with advanced technology.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Human washing machine\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/15482351\\\"\u003eThe Asahi Shimbun\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-washing-tech-industry\\\"\u003eSmoke and mirrors: How ‘AI Washing’ is fooling the tech industry\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/artificial-general-intelligence-understanding-future-ai\\\"\u003eArtificial general intelligence: Understanding the future of AI\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/discovering-the-power-of-ai-systems-in-enterprise-settings\\\"\u003eWhy AI is the key to unlocking your enterprise’s full potential\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123355,\"tags\":[\"AI\",\"Inventions and Machines\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"AI\",\"slug\":\"ai\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/ai\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"AI Logs\",\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"AI 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Big tech honchos predict human-level AI by 2025 or 2026\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eAltman projects AGI by 2025, while Amodei anticipates it by 2026 or 2027, but recent trends suggest progress in AI development may be slowing.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eAltman projects AGI by 2025, while Amodei anticipates it by 2026 or 2027, but recent trends suggest progress in AI development may be slowing.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":9131,\"readTime\":\"7 minutes\",\"body\":\"$2e\",\"related_content\":\"\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T16:28:00\",\"timeAgo\":\"21 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T16:28:07\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 11:28 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 11:28 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":true,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1_57c928.jpg\",\"title\":\"What is AGI, really? Big tech honchos predict human-level AI by 2025 or 2026\",\"name\":\"What is AGI, really? Big tech honchos predict human-level AI by 2025 or 2026\",\"alt_text\":\"What is AGI, really? Big tech honchos predict human-level AI by 2025 or 2026\",\"description\":\"Representative image.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/ai-communicates-with-people-through-network-servers-gm1493180156-516953199?searchscope=image,film\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003eXH4D\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Sejal Sharma\",\"slug\":\"sejal-sharma\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/EwuSxftyWaVt.png\",\"page_url\":\"sejal-sharma\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/sejal-sharma\",\"description\":\"Sejal is a Delhi-based journalist, currently dedicated to reporting on technology and culture. She is particularly enthusiastic about covering artificial intelligence, the semiconductor industry and helping people understand the powers and pitfalls of technology. Outside of work, she likes to play badminton and spend time with her dogs. Feel free to email her for pitches or feedback on her work.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSejal Sharma is IE\u0026#8217;s AI columnist, offering deep dives into the world of artificial intelligence and its transformative impact across industries. Her bi-monthly AI Logs column explores the latest trends, breakthroughs, and ethical dilemmas in AI, delivering expert analysis and fresh insights. To stay informed, subscribe to our \u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/newsletters/ai-logs/subscribe\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003eAI Logs newsletter\u003c/a\u003e for exclusive content.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIf you look at some of cinema\u0026#8217;s greatest and most bone-chilling villains, HAL 9000 from Stanley Kubrick\u0026#8217;s 1968 Marvel \u003cem\u003e2001: A Space Odyssey \u003c/em\u003eeasily ranks among the top 10.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHAL is one of the foremost portrayals of an artificial general intelligence (AGI), a human-level intellect or above in an artificial being. We never see him, but his words are creepily omnipresent in the film. \u0026#8220;I\u0026#8217;m sorry, Dave. I\u0026#8217;m afraid I can\u0026#8217;t do that,\u0026#8221; responds HAL to Dr David Bowman\u0026#8217;s request to re-enter the spacecraft, setting the stage for Bowman\u0026#8217;s slow and suffocating demise.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHAL\u0026#8217;s calm yet increasingly menacing tone builds a sense of dread, reminiscent of when Sir Anthony Hopkins played Hannibal Lecter in 1991 and incidentally took inspiration from HAL.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFast-forward to today, and HAL’s chilling presence feels uncomfortably relevant as big tech races to develop AGI. With industry leaders predicting its arrival within just a few years, the question arises: Are we building the next HAL? Or is true AGI still a distant dream clouded by challenges?\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$2f\",\"$30\",\"$31\",\"$32\",\"$33\",\"$34\",\"$35\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, considering the pace of progress and the recent reports of AI models showing signs of slowing down, Altman\u0026#8217;s prediction of achieving AGI by 2025 seems ambitious. How could AGI be reached by jumping two levels within a year, especially when the current trajectory suggests that AI\u0026#8217;s rapid advancements may be facing roadblocks?\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eUltimately, as we continue to develop AI models, we may find ourselves in a situation similar to HAL 9000: a machine that seems to have intelligence yet remains somewhat distant from true human-like understanding. And with so many varying definitions of AGI, is there a chance that we might not recognize it when we finally see it?\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representative image.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/ai-communicates-with-people-through-network-servers-gm1493180156-516953199?searchscope=image,film\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003eXH4D\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":true,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/post-123355-speech-20241126162744.mp3\"},{\"id\":123270,\"tags\":[\"Culture\",\"hominin\",\"paleontology\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/culture\"},{\"name\":\"hominin\",\"slug\":\"hominin\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/hominin\"},{\"name\":\"paleontology\",\"slug\":\"paleontology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/paleontology\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$36\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eIt’s time to reorganize our understanding of the first humans, according to research heads Christopher Bae and Wu Xiujie. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eIt’s time to reorganize our understanding of the first humans, according to research heads Christopher Bae and Wu Xiujie. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3535,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$37\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/jaw-fossil-shows-hybrid-trait-of-ancient-and-modern-humans\\\"\u003eJaw fossil shows hybrid trait of ancient and modern humans\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ai-and-chemical-analysis-reveal-early-humans-traveled-miles-for-flint\\\"\u003eAI and chemical analysis reveal early humans traveled miles for flint to make handaxes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/worlds-oldest-human-burial-site-found-south-africa\\\"\u003eWorld’s oldest-known human burial site found in South Africa\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T15:24:28\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T15:24:35\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 10:24 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 10:24 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-9.14.40-PM.png\",\"title\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\",\"name\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\",\"alt_text\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\",\"description\":\"Skull, Ossuary\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://pixabay.com/photos/skull-ossuary-czech-republic-726253/\\\"\u003eZezya\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Maria Mocerino\",\"slug\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b13b723c1c12c2feb2e14a19e63d68a9?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/maria-mocerino\",\"description\":\"Originally from LA, Maria Mocerino has been published in Business Insider, The Irish Examiner, The Rogue Mag, Chacruna Institute for Psychedelic Plant Medicines, and now Interesting Engineering.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA new species of hominin or humans has been discovered in Northern China with an unforgettable physical feature— large heads. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eEveryone knows the Neanderthals, homo sapiens, and Denisovans are amongst the first human species. The sapiens are considered the modern humans in that grouping that migrated out of Africa. However, according to research out of China, the number of prehistoric human species might be growing.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“The morphological diversity among late Quaternary hominin fossils from eastern Asia is greater than we expected,” the authors of a new study stated. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, “a number of new eastern Asian hominin taxa” have appeared on researcher’s radar over the past several decades. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAmong them, making headlines, is a new species that has been given an apt name \u0026#8211; Homo juluensis \u0026#8211; for their strikingly large heads. Ju Lu means “huge head\u0026#8221; in Chinese, as the \u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post\u003c/em\u003e reports. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe ancient human with an impressive head size is shaking up this area of science that lies at the foundation of us, humans. Study authors propose that the Denisovans are actually\u0026nbsp;Homo juluensis\u0026nbsp;and that this research contributes to the “decolonization” of the field so that Asia can assume its rightful place.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$38\",\"$39\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“The eastern Asian record is prompting us to recognize just how complex human evolution is more generally and really forcing us to revise and rethink our interpretations of various evolutionary models to better match the growing fossil record.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\\\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\\\"\u003e\\n\u003ciframe loading=\\\"lazy\\\" title=\\\"The Return of the Ekranoplan\\\" width=\\\"500\\\" height=\\\"281\\\" src=\\\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-hr-Qc4Dz0?feature=oembed\\\" frameborder=\\\"0\\\" allow=\\\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\\\" referrerpolicy=\\\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\\\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Skull, Ossuary\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://pixabay.com/photos/skull-ossuary-czech-republic-726253/\\\"\u003eZezya\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/jaw-fossil-shows-hybrid-trait-of-ancient-and-modern-humans\\\"\u003eJaw fossil shows hybrid trait of ancient and modern humans\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ai-and-chemical-analysis-reveal-early-humans-traveled-miles-for-flint\\\"\u003eAI and chemical analysis reveal early humans traveled miles for flint to make handaxes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/worlds-oldest-human-burial-site-found-south-africa\\\"\u003eWorld’s oldest-known human burial site found in South Africa\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123280,\"tags\":[\"Agriculture\",\"AI\",\"Farming\",\"robot\",\"Soil Conservation\",\"Sustainability\",\"UK\",\"University of Plymouth\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Agriculture\",\"slug\":\"agriculture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/agriculture\"},{\"name\":\"AI\",\"slug\":\"ai\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/ai\"},{\"name\":\"Farming\",\"slug\":\"farming\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/farming\"},{\"name\":\"robot\",\"slug\":\"robot\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/robot\"},{\"name\":\"Soil 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farmers\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe system measures soil radiation levels, offering a faster alternative to traditional methods with quicker, on-site results.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe system measures soil radiation levels, offering a faster alternative to traditional methods with quicker, on-site results.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4987,\"readTime\":\"4 minutes\",\"body\":\"$3b\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/engineers-create-robots-function-without-electricity\\\"\u003eEngineers create 1st robots capable of complex actions without electricity\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/electrically-conductive-soil-boosts-growth-by-50-in-plants\\\"\u003eElectrically conductive soil boosts growth by 50% in plants\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/novel-molecules-organic-flow-batteries\\\"\u003eChina scientists’ breakthrough flow battery hits 850 cycles, retains 99.95% capacity\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T15:04:18\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T15:04:25\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 10:04 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 10:04 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T193826.433.jpg\",\"title\":\"Gamma ray-detecting robot dogs can make agriculture more profitable for farmers\",\"name\":\"Gamma ray-detecting robot dogs can make agriculture more profitable for farmers\",\"alt_text\":\"Gamma ray-detecting robot dogs can make agriculture more profitable for farmers\",\"description\":\"Tracked robots and quadrupeds are used to carry a sensor.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.robotriks.co.uk/rtu\\\"\u003eRobotriks\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"slug\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/SMgGAAR337pt.png\",\"page_url\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil\",\"description\":\"Jijo is an automotive and business journalist based in India. Armed with a BA in History (Honors) from St. Stephen's College, Delhi University, and a PG diploma in Journalism from the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, Delhi, he has worked for news agencies, national newspapers, and automotive magazines. In his spare time, he likes to go off-roading, engage in political discourse, travel, and teach languages.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eScientists are testing a new robotic technology to help farmers quickly assess soil health in the United Kingdom.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA gamma ray detector, developed by a local Cornish company, is being used to map soil quality on fields in Cornwell. The detector is mounted on tracked robots and quadrupeds for accessibility and quicker turnaround times. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to a British news provider, the trial, which is being conducted in collaboration with the University of Plymouth, aims to provide farmers with more efficient ways to monitor soil conditions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe technology, which offers faster and more accurate results than traditional methods, could boost farm profitability.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$3c\",\"$3d\",\"$3e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Rowntree, collaborative efforts between researchers and farmers are vital for developing accessible tools to monitor soil health. These innovations support sustainable farming, ensuring soil preservation for future generations.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Tracked robots and quadrupeds are used to carry a sensor.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.robotriks.co.uk/rtu\\\"\u003eRobotriks\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/engineers-create-robots-function-without-electricity\\\"\u003eEngineers create 1st robots capable of complex actions without electricity\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/electrically-conductive-soil-boosts-growth-by-50-in-plants\\\"\u003eElectrically conductive soil boosts growth by 50% in plants\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/novel-molecules-organic-flow-batteries\\\"\u003eChina scientists’ breakthrough flow battery hits 850 cycles, retains 99.95% capacity\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123191,\"tags\":[\"Biology\",\"manta rays\",\"Sustainability\",\"water filter\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Biology\",\"slug\":\"biology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/biology\"},{\"name\":\"manta rays\",\"slug\":\"manta-rays\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/manta-rays\"},{\"name\":\"Sustainability\",\"slug\":\"sustainability\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/sustainability\"},{\"name\":\"water 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minutes\",\"body\":\"$40\",\"related_content\":\"\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:19\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:27\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:15 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:15 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\",\"title\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\",\"name\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\",\"alt_text\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\",\"description\":\"Pictured are pieces of the filter. \",\"reference\":\"Jennifer Chu\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers often seek inspiration from natural systems to address technical problems.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eManta rays are filter feeders, sifting plankton from seawater as they swim.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eInspired by this natural filtering mechanism, MIT engineers have designed new water filters for industrial purposes.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThey studied how mobula rays — a fish family that includes manta and devil rays — filter feed.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe mobula ray\u0026#8217;s mouth is lined with comb-like structures called plates that create vortices. These vortices trap plankton particles, directing them into the ray\u0026#8217;s gullet.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$41\",\"$42\",\"$43\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Pictured are pieces of the filter. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"Jennifer Chu\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123264,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"Sustainability\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"},{\"name\":\"Sustainability\",\"slug\":\"sustainability\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/sustainability\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$44\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"Spin-powered crystals could boost clean hydrogen production 200 times\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eIt holds the potential to significantly enhance the efficiency of the water-splitting process.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eIt holds the potential to significantly enhance the efficiency of the water-splitting process.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3590,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$45\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sustainable-hydrogen-solar-power\\\"\u003eScientists cook clean hydrogen from agri-waste with 600% less energy\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/hydrogen-storage-iron-rust-battery\\\"\u003eSwiss iron reactors store hydrogen 10x cheaper, safer, longer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/does-hydrogen-have-a-future-as-a-clean-energy-source\\\"\u003eDoes hydrogen have a future as a clean energy source?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:14:23\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:14:30\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:14 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:14 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-3_448eae.jpg\",\"title\":\"Spin-powered crystals could boost clean hydrogen production 200 times\",\"name\":\"Spin-powered crystals could boost clean hydrogen production 200 times\",\"alt_text\":\"Spin-powered crystals could boost clean hydrogen production 200 times\",\"description\":\"Hydrolysis and possible applications.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.cpfs.mpg.de/3695333/20241125?c=1622021\\\"\u003eDALL-E\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eHydrogen is increasingly seen as an important element in the transition to a low-carbon future. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eNow, researchers have discovered a new approach to improve the efficiency of water splitting, a process that produces clean hydrogen fuel.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eMax Planck Institute researchers used a special type of crystal called\u0026nbsp;topological chiral crystals.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThese crystals, with their unique chiral structure, possess extraordinary quantum properties. They can manipulate the spin of electrons, allowing for a highly efficient water-splitting process.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$46\",\"$47\",\"$48\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003ca href=\\\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-024-01674-9\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eNature Energy.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Hydrolysis and possible applications.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.cpfs.mpg.de/3695333/20241125?c=1622021\\\"\u003eDALL-E\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sustainable-hydrogen-solar-power\\\"\u003eScientists cook clean hydrogen from agri-waste with 600% less energy\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/hydrogen-storage-iron-rust-battery\\\"\u003eSwiss iron reactors store hydrogen 10x cheaper, safer, longer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/does-hydrogen-have-a-future-as-a-clean-energy-source\\\"\u003eDoes hydrogen have a future as a clean energy source?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123262,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"microreactor\",\"Nuclear\",\"nuclear energy\",\"Nuclear Fusion\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"microreactor\",\"slug\":\"microreactor\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/microreactor\"},{\"name\":\"Nuclear\",\"slug\":\"nuclear\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nuclear\"},{\"name\":\"nuclear energy\",\"slug\":\"nuclear-energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nuclear-energy\"},{\"name\":\"Nuclear Fusion\",\"slug\":\"nuclear-fusion\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/nuclear-fusion\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$49\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"US-UK firms join hands to build floating nuclear power plants using microreactors\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe eVinci microreactor can operate for eight years without refueling.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe eVinci microreactor can operate for eight years without refueling.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4271,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$4a\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/evinci-milestone-microreactor-ready-for-testing\\\"\u003eeVinci: US firm’s milestone 5MW nuclear microreactor ready for 2026 testing\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-do-floating-nuclear-power-plants-work\\\"\u003eHow Do Floating Nuclear Power Plants Work?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/seaborg-producing-thousands-cheap-floating-nuclear-reactors\\\"\u003eA Company Is Producing Thousands of Cheap, Floating Nuclear Reactors\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:07:10\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:07:18\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:07 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:07 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/core-power-nuclear.jpg\",\"title\":\"US-UK firms join hands to build floating nuclear power plants using microreactors\",\"name\":\"US-UK firms join hands to build floating nuclear power plants using microreactors\",\"alt_text\":\"US-UK firms join hands to build floating nuclear power plants using microreactors\",\"description\":\"Renders of CORE POWER and Westinghouse's technologies.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20241125066795/en/Westinghouse-and-CORE-POWER-Partner-for-Floating-Nuclear-Power-Plants-Using-eVinci%E2%84%A2-Microreactors\\\"\u003eBusiness Wire\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Chris Young\",\"slug\":\"chris-young\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/6UKotck4r9pz.jpg\",\"page_url\":\"chris-young\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/chris-young\",\"description\":\"Chris Young is a journalist, copywriter, blogger and tech geek at heart who\u0026rsquo;s reported on the likes of the Mobile World Congress, written for Lifehack, The Culture Trip, Flydoscope and some of the world\u0026rsquo;s biggest tech companies, including NEC and Thales, about robots, satellites and other world-changing innovations.\u0026nbsp;\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eWestinghouse Electric Company and CORE POWER have announced a cooperative agreement to jointly design and develop a floating nuclear power plant (FNPP). The companies will use Westinghouse Electric Company\u0026#8217;s eVinci nuclear microreactor as the foundation for the FNPP. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Westinghouse, eVinci is capable of operating for eight years without refueling. That reliability, as well as the flexibility of shipping deployment, will make it a potent energy source.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$4b\",\"$4c\",\"$4d\",\"$4e\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Renders of CORE POWER and Westinghouse's technologies.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20241125066795/en/Westinghouse-and-CORE-POWER-Partner-for-Floating-Nuclear-Power-Plants-Using-eVinci%E2%84%A2-Microreactors\\\"\u003eBusiness Wire\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/evinci-milestone-microreactor-ready-for-testing\\\"\u003eeVinci: US firm’s milestone 5MW nuclear microreactor ready for 2026 testing\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-do-floating-nuclear-power-plants-work\\\"\u003eHow Do Floating Nuclear Power Plants Work?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/seaborg-producing-thousands-cheap-floating-nuclear-reactors\\\"\u003eA Company Is Producing Thousands of Cheap, Floating Nuclear Reactors\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123273,\"tags\":[\"Battery\",\"battery design\",\"Blade battery\",\"BYD\",\"China\",\"EV battery\",\"South Korea\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Battery\",\"slug\":\"battery\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/battery\"},{\"name\":\"battery design\",\"slug\":\"battery-design\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/battery-design\"},{\"name\":\"Blade 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Blade battery for safer, more powerful EVs to launch in 2025\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eIts design resembles that of a blade, making it thinner and longer than conventional batteries.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eIts design resembles that of a blade, making it thinner and longer than conventional batteries.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3234,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$50\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/apple-byd-long-range-ev-battery-success\\\"\u003eApple’s secret BYD collaboration pioneered long-range EV battery technology\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ubtechs-walker-s1-begins-factory-work-at-byd\\\"\u003eChina: Walker S1 humanoid robot starts manual jobs at world’s largest EV maker\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/uber-partners-byd-evs\\\"\u003eBYD trumps Tesla: China EV maker signs deal with Uber for 100,000 cars\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:05:49\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:05:57\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:05 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:05 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-97.png\",\"title\":\"BYD’s next-gen Blade battery for safer, more powerful EVs to launch in 2025\",\"name\":\"BYD’s next-gen Blade battery for safer, more powerful EVs to launch in 2025\",\"alt_text\":\"BYD’s next-gen Blade battery for safer, more powerful EVs to launch in 2025\",\"description\":\"Stock image of BYD Blade Battery.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.bydbdautogroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BYD-Battery-768x427.webp\\\"\u003eBYD Auto\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Abhishek Bhardwaj\",\"slug\":\"abhishek-bhardwaj\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fbcdcc4743ba51aaf4b00bb079bffc78?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"abhishek-bhardwaj\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/abhishek-bhardwaj\",\"description\":\"Abhishek brings a wealth of experience in covering diverse stories across different beats. Having contributed to renowned wire agencies and Indian media outlets like ANI and NDTV, he is keenly interested in Tech, Business and Defense coverage.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eChina’s electric vehicle manufacturer BYD has announced its intentions to release its new Blade battery design in 2025.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe same was revealed by Cao Shuang, General Manager of BYD\u0026#8217;s Automotive Sales Division for Central Asia, at the 29\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP29).\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eShuang revealed that the company is planning to release the next generation of Blade batteries for EVs in 2025, as per him the new model is expected to offer an extended lifespan, alongside enhancing the driving range of the EVs.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$51\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIn the event of a short circuit within a cell, it does not affect other cells, thus preventing continuous electrical short circuits, as per the company.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the biggest advantages of the Blade battery is that it is designed using cell-to-pack technology (CTP). It means each cell can be directly packed without the need for module packing, allowing for more cells to be added.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, it can also enhance the structural strength of the EVs by serving as a reinforcement material for their frames.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\" id=\\\"h-additional-benefits\\\"\u003eAdditional benefits\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe company also states that the Blade batteries have lower production costs compared to NMC (Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide) battery.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIts decomposition temperature is around 518 degree Fahrenheit (270 degree Celsius) as compared to the NMC’s 410 degree Fahrenheit (210 degree Celsius) and NCA’s 302 degree Fahrenheit (150 degree 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href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ubtechs-walker-s1-begins-factory-work-at-byd\\\"\u003eChina: Walker S1 humanoid robot starts manual jobs at world’s largest EV maker\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/uber-partners-byd-evs\\\"\u003eBYD trumps Tesla: China EV maker signs deal with Uber for 100,000 cars\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"}],\"recommendations\":[{\"id\":123446,\"tags\":[\"AI\",\"Artificial intelligence\",\"Asteriods\",\"Cat\",\"China\",\"gravity\",\"Jumping 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href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/astronomers-observe-neutron-star-spinning-fast\\\"\u003eFastest neutron star ever observed spins at jaw-dropping 716 times per second\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/china-robot-dog-jumps-to-explore-asteroid-surfaces\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-27T13:08:18\",\"timeAgo\":\"43 minutes ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-27T13:08:25\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 27, 2024 08:08 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 27, 2024 08:08 AM 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Such a design allows the robot to adjust its posture mid-air, correct tilt, and even reorient to face a new direction.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe advancement could transform how small celestial bodies are explored, offering new possibilities for space exploration and enhancing our understanding of these distant objects.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$55\",\"$56\",\"$57\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-robot-dog-jumps-to-explore-asteroid-surfaces\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Researchers used AI to teach the robot how to adjust its posture mid-air using its legs.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/blue-autonomous-robot-robot-dog-ai-robot-military-project-surveillance-drone-remote-gm2173910283-593622465?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/engineers-create-robots-function-without-electricity\\\"\u003eEngineers create 1st robots capable of complex actions without electricity\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid\\\"\u003eScientists discover smallest known 16-inch asteroid after Niagara fireball event\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/astronomers-observe-neutron-star-spinning-fast\\\"\u003eFastest neutron star ever observed spins at jaw-dropping 716 times per second\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 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\\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/crystals-extract-water-from-air\\\"\u003eNYU scientists create crystals to extract water from air without using energy\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/efficient-water-harvesting-from-air\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-27T12:05:44\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-27T12:05:51\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 27, 2024 07:05 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 27, 2024 07:05 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-Photo-68.jpg\",\"title\":\"New air-to-water converter works at low temperatures with reduced emissions\",\"name\":\"New air-to-water converter works at low temperatures with reduced emissions\",\"alt_text\":\"New air-to-water converter works at low temperatures with reduced emissions\",\"description\":\"Water molecules in vapor are drawn to a water-loving polymer in a copolymer solution. The presence of the less hydrophilic polymer causes an exchange that helps release the water under near ambient conditions.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.omu.ac.jp/en/info/research-news/entry-67369.html\\\"\u003eOsaka Metropolitan University\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Sujita Sinha\",\"slug\":\"sujita-sinha\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9fc5736ab9393d2c6ebaefbed29ebd63?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"sujita-sinha\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/sujita-sinha\",\"description\":\"A versatile writer, Sujita has worked with Mashable Middle East and News Daily 24. 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The presence of the less hydrophilic polymer causes an exchange that helps release the water under near ambient conditions.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.omu.ac.jp/en/info/research-news/entry-67369.html\\\"\u003eOsaka Metropolitan University\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/portable-air-to-drinking-water-converter\\\"\u003ePortable air-to-drinking water converter fits in bag, ready for military use\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/ces-2024/worlds-first-home-air-to-water-generator\\\"\u003eWaterCube: World’s first home atmosphere-to-water generator makes 120 gallons a day\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/crystals-extract-water-from-air\\\"\u003eNYU scientists create crystals to extract water from air without using energy\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123412,\"tags\":[\"Inventions and Machines\",\"robot\",\"Robot Coordination\",\"technology\",\"United States\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"},{\"name\":\"robot\",\"slug\":\"robot\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/robot\"},{\"name\":\"Robot 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skill transfer efficiency and success rates by 30%.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eRoVi-Aug trains on enhanced data, enabling instant robot adaptation without extra steps, improving skill transfer efficiency and success rates by 30%.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4220,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$5e\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/engineers-create-robots-function-without-electricity\\\"\u003eEngineers create 1st robots capable of complex actions without electricity\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-camera-obstacle-detection\\\"\u003eEye-mimicking AI car camera detects pedestrians, obstacles 100x faster\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-paint-can-heat-and-cool-buildings-reducing-energy-use\\\"\u003eNew paint can heat and cool buildings reducing energy use\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/new-syllabus-boosts-robot-efficiency\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-27T10:26:35\",\"timeAgo\":\"3 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-27T10:26:42\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 27, 2024 05:26 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 27, 2024 05:26 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-27T130429.121.jpg\",\"title\":\"US creates ‘syllabus’ for robots to swap skills at will without human need\",\"name\":\"US creates ‘syllabus’ for robots to swap skills at will without human need\",\"alt_text\":\"US creates ‘syllabus’ for robots to swap skills at will without human need\",\"description\":\"The framework generates synthetic visual demonstrations with different robot types and camera angles, enhancing training versatility.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/cyborg-teacher-or-lecturer-gm954072938-260472675?searchscope=image,film\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"slug\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/SMgGAAR337pt.png\",\"page_url\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil\",\"description\":\"Jijo is an automotive and business journalist based in India. Armed with a BA in History (Honors) from St. Stephen's College, Delhi University, and a PG diploma in Journalism from the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, Delhi, he has worked for news agencies, national newspapers, and automotive magazines. In his spare time, he likes to go off-roading, engage in political discourse, travel, and teach languages.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eEngineers have created an innovative framework that enables robots to share skills across models autonomously.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNamed RoVi-Aug, it eliminates the need for human intervention in the learning process, simplifying robotic training.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePhysical tests reveal that RoVi-Aug trains on enhanced data to work instantly with new robots, regardless of camera angles. Unlike others, it skips extra test-time steps, adapts policies, and learns multi-robot tasks. This boosts skill transfer efficiency and raises success rates by up to 30 percent.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to the UC Berkeley team, the approach marks a significant step toward developing more independent and adaptable robots.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$5f\",\"$60\",\"$61\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eGeneralization may be further enhanced by extending to different grippers, such as multi-fingered hands, and integrating with object and task augmentation.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe details of the UC Berkeley team\u0026#8217;s \u003ca href=\\\"https://autolab.berkeley.edu/assets/publications/media/2024_CoRL_RoVi-aug_camera_ready.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003eresearch\u003c/a\u003e were pre-published on \u003cem\u003eArXiv\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-syllabus-boosts-robot-efficiency\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"The framework generates synthetic visual demonstrations with different robot types and camera angles, enhancing training versatility.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/cyborg-teacher-or-lecturer-gm954072938-260472675?searchscope=image,film\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/engineers-create-robots-function-without-electricity\\\"\u003eEngineers create 1st robots capable of complex actions without electricity\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-camera-obstacle-detection\\\"\u003eEye-mimicking AI car camera detects pedestrians, obstacles 100x faster\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-paint-can-heat-and-cool-buildings-reducing-energy-use\\\"\u003eNew paint can heat and cool buildings reducing energy use\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123403,\"tags\":[\"Aircraft\",\"China\",\"Defense \u0026amp; 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His writing covers technology, sustainability, geopolitics, and occasionally fiction. In the digital media space, he has worked with leaders from industries as diverse as immunology, AI, SaaS, manufacturing, and even furniture. Apart from the long list of things he does outside work, he likes to read, breathe, and practice gratitude.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eIn November 2024, the Zhuhai Airshow unveiled a lineup of advanced military technology, prominently featuring the J-35A—a new fifth-generation stealth fighter from China\u0026#8217;s Shenyang Aircraft Corporation. This event showcased a range of aircraft, drones, and munitions. It highlighted the significant advancements of the People\u0026#8217;s Liberation Army (PLA) and PLA Air Force (PLAAF) in modern air combat capabilities.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$64\",\"$65\",\"$66\",\"$67\",\"$68\",\"$69\",\"$6a\",\"$6b\",\"$6c\",\"$6d\",\"$6e\",\"\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/f-35-vs-j-35a-fighter-jet-comparison\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"J-35A and F-35 are two of the world's most advanced stealth fighters.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"Source: \u003ca href=\\\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/us-pacific-command/30302370472\\\"\u003e1,\u003c/a\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:J-35A_Zhuhai_Airshow_2024.png\\\"\u003e2\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/f-35c-fighter-makes-combat-debut\\\"\u003eF-35C stealth fighter makes combat debut with US Marine Corps air strikes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chinas-new-jet-afterburner-99-efficiency\\\"\u003eChina’s 99% efficient afterburner tech could make it ‘unrivaled in air combat’\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-reveals-mysterious-6th-gen-fighter\\\"\u003eWhite Emperor: China reveals mysterious jet that could be its first 6th-gen fighter\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":true,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123397,\"tags\":[\"Copper\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"motor development\",\"Power\",\"rare earth metals\",\"Texas A\u0026amp;M University\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Copper\",\"slug\":\"copper\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/copper\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"},{\"name\":\"motor 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motors using copper\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eUsing copper coils instead of rare Earth materials in the motor’s rotating part is much more accessible.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eUsing copper coils instead of rare Earth materials in the motor’s rotating part is much more accessible.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3906,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$70\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-magnet-free-electric-motor-needs-no-maintenance\\\"\u003eNew Magnet-Free Electric Motor Needs No Maintenance\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/magnet-free-motors-valeo-mahle-evs\\\"\u003eNew magnet-free electric motor to boost EV power, cut C02 emissions by 40%\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/engineer-young-motor-sustainable-ev\\\"\u003eA 17-year-old engineer’s magnet-free motor prototype could make electric vehicles more sustainable\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/high-power-electric-motors-using-copper\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T22:53:19\",\"timeAgo\":\"15 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T22:53:27\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 05:53 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 05:53 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-27T021916.763.jpg\",\"title\":\"Researchers develop rare earth-free high power electric motors using copper\",\"name\":\"Researchers develop rare earth-free high power electric motors using copper\",\"alt_text\":\"Researchers develop rare earth-free high power electric motors using copper\",\"description\":\"Dr. Dorsa Talebi, Dr. Hamid Toliyat and Mehdi Seyedi.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://engineering.tamu.edu/news/2024/11/sustainable-cost-effective-electric-motors-cut-rare-earth-materials.html\\\"\u003eTexas A\u0026amp;M Engineering\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"slug\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Kapil.png\",\"page_url\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal\",\"description\":\"Kapil Kajal is an award-winning journalist with a diverse portfolio spanning defense, politics, technology, crime, environment, human rights, and foreign policy. His work has been featured in publications such as Janes, National Geographic, Al Jazeera, Rest of World, Mongabay, and Nikkei. Kapil holds a dual bachelor's degree in Electrical, Electronics, and Communication Engineering and a master’s diploma in journalism from the Institute of Journalism and New Media in Bangalore.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eElectric motors power a range of technologies, including ships, airplanes, wind turbines, and electric vehicles.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, these motors are typically made with rare Earth materials, which present numerous environmental and economic challenges.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eRare earths are limited resources, and their mining processes can cause significant environmental pollution.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the global supply of these materials is largely controlled by a few countries, making them expensive to extract and vulnerable to supply chain disruptions.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eTo address these issues, a team at Texas A\u0026amp;M University, led by Dr. Hamid Toliyat, a professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, along with Mehdi Seyedi, a Ph.D. student in electrical engineering, and Dr. Dorsa Talebi, a postdoctoral researcher, is developing a motor that does not rely on rare Earth materials.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\" id=\\\"h-high-power-electric-motors\\\"\u003eHigh-power electric motors\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThey aim to create a cost-effective, compact, efficient, and sustainable electric motor that eliminates the need for rare earths and reduces dependence on foreign markets.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Talebi notes, “There are many unethical mining processes for extracting rare earth materials, which are also very energy-intensive. While there are global projects aimed at mining rare earths more sustainably, there is inadequate regulation. To meet the demands of growing industries, we need an alternative. Our motor addresses this need by not requiring rare earths.”\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$71\",\"$72\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Alan Palazzolo, a professor in the J. Mike Walker ’66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, is the project\u0026#8217;s co-principal investigator.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe Texas A\u0026amp;M Engineering Experiment Station (TEES), the official research agency for Texas A\u0026amp;M Engineering, manages funding for this research.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/high-power-electric-motors-using-copper\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Dr. Dorsa Talebi, Dr. Hamid Toliyat and Mehdi Seyedi.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://engineering.tamu.edu/news/2024/11/sustainable-cost-effective-electric-motors-cut-rare-earth-materials.html\\\"\u003eTexas A\u0026amp;M Engineering\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-magnet-free-electric-motor-needs-no-maintenance\\\"\u003eNew Magnet-Free Electric Motor Needs No Maintenance\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/magnet-free-motors-valeo-mahle-evs\\\"\u003eNew magnet-free electric motor to boost EV power, cut C02 emissions by 40%\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca 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href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/huawei-ai-chips-power-china-next-generation-surgery-technology\\\"\u003eHuawei AI chips to power China’s next-gen surgery tech for medical breakthroughs\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T13:52:25\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-27T08:17:17\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 08:52 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 27, 2024 03:17 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-98.png\",\"title\":\"China’s US quarter-sized microcomputer has 3 cores to counter hackers\",\"name\":\"China’s US quarter-sized microcomputer has 3 cores to counter hackers\",\"alt_text\":\"China’s US quarter-sized microcomputer has 3 cores to counter hackers\",\"description\":\"Representational image of a US quarter dollar coin alongside a chip.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/cost-of-memory-gm95551004-948735?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eIn recent decades, the world has become increasingly interconnected — thanks to the rapid advancement in digital technology.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, there is a dark side to it too, cyber threat, which poses a serious risk to digital security.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThat’s why, the need for robust cybersecurity technology has never been greater.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-worlds-most-energy-efficient-ai-chips\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003eChina\u003c/a\u003e’s Purple Mountain Laboratories has unveiled a new high-tech “microcomputer.” This tiny powerhouse promises to advance the way we think about security. It\u0026#8217;s a state-of-the-art security device, engineered to resist advanced cyber threats.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$75\",\"$76\",\"$77\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIt took two years for the Purple Mountain Laboratories to develop this high-tech MCU.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFounded in 2018, the government lab is at the forefront of network security research, collaborating with industry leaders.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe MCU project is a national initiative led by State Grid.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representational image of a US quarter dollar coin alongside a chip.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/cost-of-memory-gm95551004-948735?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-microchip-material-is-10-times-stronger-than-kevlar\\\"\u003eNew microchip material is 10 times stronger than Kevlar\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-worlds-most-energy-efficient-ai-chips\\\"\u003eChina develops 'world's most energy-efficient AI chips'\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"SoAPf\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\\\" role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/huawei-ai-chips-power-china-next-generation-surgery-technology\\\"\u003eHuawei AI chips to power China’s next-gen surgery tech for medical breakthroughs\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123287,\"tags\":[\"carbon black\",\"climate change\",\"plastic\",\"plastic recycling\",\"polystyrene\",\"Recycling\",\"solar recycling\",\"solar tech\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"carbon black\",\"slug\":\"carbon-black\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/carbon-black\"},{\"name\":\"climate 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agent. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3752,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$79\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\\\"\u003eHow vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/tough-plastics-sustainably-broken-down\\\"\u003eTough plastics broken down sustainably with common chemical, sunlight, air\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastics-turned-into-graphene\\\"\u003ePlastics turned into 200x stronger material than steel, can be used in industries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T13:24:21\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T13:24:30\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 08:24 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 08:24 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T180140.110.jpg\",\"title\":\"Scientists use sunlight to convert stubborn plastic waste into reusable material\",\"name\":\"Scientists use sunlight to convert stubborn plastic waste into reusable material\",\"alt_text\":\"Scientists use sunlight to convert stubborn plastic waste into reusable material\",\"description\":\"nside this reaction vial, spotlit by concentrated sunlight, a piece of black polystyrene from a foam tray breaks down into a recyclable material.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.acs.org/pressroom/presspacs/2024/november/using-sunlight-to-recycle-black-plastics.html\\\"\u003eHanning Jiang\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Srishti Gupta\",\"slug\":\"srishti-gupta\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b86d098e343666fd88066a3a660a1471?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"srishti-gupta\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/srishti-gupta\",\"description\":\"Srishti studied English literature at the University of Delhi and has since then realized it's not her cup of tea. She has been an editor in every space and content type imaginable, from children's books to journal articles. She enjoys popular culture, reading contemporary fiction and nonfiction, crafts, and spending time with her cats. With a keen interest in science, Srishti is particularly drawn to beats covering medicine, sustainability, gene studies, and anything biology-related.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eBlack polystyrene, widely used in food containers, coffee lids, and packaging, is notoriously hard to recycle. Its dark color, achieved with carbon black pigment, thwarts optical scanners used in recycling plants, and the pigment complicates conventional recycling methods. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eNow, scientists from Cornell and Princeton universities have developed a groundbreaking method that uses sunlight and carbon black itself to transform this challenging waste into reusable materials.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$7a\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eOne promising alternative, photothermal conversion, uses light to heat plastics through a helper compound that converts light into localized heat. However, the inclusion of these compounds raises concerns about generating additional waste or altering the properties of the plastic during its initial use.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\" id=\\\"h-a-new-approach-using-carbon-black\\\"\u003eA new approach using carbon black\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eInstead of introducing external compounds, the researchers leveraged carbon black, already embedded in black polystyrene, as the heat-converting agent. This approach eliminates the need for additional additives while utilizing a component that was previously considered an obstacle.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIn their experiments, the team ground lab-made black polystyrene into a fine powder and placed it under high-intensity white LED lights. The carbon black absorbed the light, generating localized heat that broke the polystyrene into smaller molecules known as styrenes. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$7b\",\"$7c\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"nside this reaction vial, spotlit by concentrated sunlight, a piece of black polystyrene from a foam tray breaks down into a recyclable material.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.acs.org/pressroom/presspacs/2024/november/using-sunlight-to-recycle-black-plastics.html\\\"\u003eHanning Jiang\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\\\"\u003eHow vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/tough-plastics-sustainably-broken-down\\\"\u003eTough plastics broken down sustainably with common chemical, sunlight, air\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastics-turned-into-graphene\\\"\u003ePlastics turned into 200x stronger material than steel, can be used in industries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123178,\"tags\":[\"Brakes\",\"Clean Mobility\",\"Electric Vehicle\",\"EV\",\"In-Drive Brake\",\"Mercedes Benz\",\"Regenerative Braking\",\"Sustainability\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Brakes\",\"slug\":\"brakes\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/brakes\"},{\"name\":\"Clean Mobility\",\"slug\":\"clean-mobility\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/clean-mobility\"},{\"name\":\"Electric 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calipers with a circular brake pad on the motor\u0026#8217;s output shaft, pressing against a water-cooled ring.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3607,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$7e\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/battery-80-charge-15-minutes\\\"\u003eBreakthrough EV battery tech achieves 0 to 80% charge in just 15 minutes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/a-team-of-mechanics-built-a-how-to-air-brake-for-a-lada\\\"\u003eA team of mechanics built a DIY air brake for a Lada\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/discovery-law-of-friction-minimizes-energy-loss\\\"\u003eDiscovery of a law of friction leads to a material that minimizes energy loss\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"t-mb-4 t-mt-5 video-embed-content t-relative\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T13:06:56\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T13:07:03\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 08:06 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 08:07 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T155712.838.jpg\",\"title\":\"Mercedes unleashes new EV braking system to push electric power and performance\",\"name\":\"Mercedes unleashes new EV braking system to push electric power and performance\",\"alt_text\":\"Mercedes unleashes new EV braking system to push electric power and performance\",\"description\":\"There is no traditional caliper; instead, scrubbing speed is generated by pressing the circular brake pad against the stationary disk.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/search/2/image-film?phrase=mercedes\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"slug\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/SMgGAAR337pt.png\",\"page_url\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil\",\"description\":\"Jijo is an automotive and business journalist based in India. Armed with a BA in History (Honors) from St. Stephen's College, Delhi University, and a PG diploma in Journalism from the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, Delhi, he has worked for news agencies, national newspapers, and automotive magazines. In his spare time, he likes to go off-roading, engage in political discourse, travel, and teach languages.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eGerman carmaker Mercedes Benz has proposed a more efficient braking system for electric vehicles (EVs).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe concept, called \u0026#8216;In-Drive Brakes\u0026#8217;, relocates the braking system from the wheels to the electric drive motor. Positioned where the half-shafts connect, the innovative design integrates the brakes directly into the motor assembly.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Mercedes system replaces calipers with a circular brake pad mounted on the electric motor\u0026#8217;s output shaft. The pad presses against a stationary, water-cooled ring within a sealed enclosure.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhile the prototype demonstrates this approach on the rear axle, it has the potential to function on both the front and rear axles.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to Mercedes, the innovation offers better ride quality, cleaner streets by containing brake dust, and streamlined wheel designs for improved aerodynamics.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$7f\",\"$80\",\"$81\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"There is no traditional caliper; instead, scrubbing speed is generated by pressing the circular 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href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/discovery-law-of-friction-minimizes-energy-loss\\\"\u003eDiscovery of a law of friction leads to a material that minimizes energy loss\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"t-mb-4 t-mt-5 video-embed-content t-relative\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123179,\"tags\":[\"Animals\",\"Archaelogy\",\"Culture\",\"Fossils\",\"Lizard\",\"paleontology\",\"worm fossil\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Animals\",\"slug\":\"animals\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/animals\"},{\"name\":\"Archaelogy\",\"slug\":\"archaelogy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/archaelogy\"},{\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/culture\"},{\"name\":\"Fossils\",\"slug\":\"fossils\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/fossils\"},{\"name\":\"Lizard\",\"slug\":\"lizard\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/lizard\"},{\"name\":\"paleontology\",\"slug\":\"paleontology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/paleontology\"},{\"name\":\"worm 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minutes\",\"body\":\"$83\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burmese-python-turns-massive-rival-snake-into-dinner\\\"\u003e10-foot Burmese python eats massive rival snake for dinner in a world-first\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/world-first-snakelets-born-from-frozen-semen\\\"\u003eUS: World-first snakelets born from frozen semen to save the species\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mamba-cobra-ancestors-history\\\"\u003eRewriting reptile hiss-tory: Genetics reveal cobras’ 46-million-year old secret\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T12:41:26\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T12:41:34\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 07:41 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 07:41 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\",\"title\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"name\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"alt_text\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"description\":\"Life reconstruction of Terastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi ready to prey on a large snail of the family Bulimulidae. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://academic.oup.com/view-large/figure/494657277/zlae133_fig24.jpg\\\"\u003eJaime Chirinos\u003c/a\u003e.\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Maria Mocerino\",\"slug\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b13b723c1c12c2feb2e14a19e63d68a9?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/maria-mocerino\",\"description\":\"Originally from LA, Maria Mocerino has been published in Business Insider, The Irish Examiner, The Rogue Mag, Chacruna Institute for Psychedelic Plant Medicines, and now Interesting Engineering.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers in Tunisia found the largest “worm lizard” that has ever lived with a feeding strategy that has remained consistent for millions of years.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe recently identified \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;existed a whopping 50 million years ago at a time when warm temperatures might have encouraged its astonishing growth. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSlithering up to three feet long, the reptile belongs to a new genus and species of\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians, a “charismatic group” of “legless lizards” that has “attracted and puzzled researchers since the 19\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026nbsp;century.” \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$84\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“Our discovery from Tunisia, with an estimated skull length exceeding five centimeters, is the largest known worm lizard species,” Dr. Georgios L. Georgalis, the research head, explained. “All evidence indicates that the new species is related to the modern-day checkerboard worm lizard.” \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eUsing micro-computed tomography, they assessed the anatomy of the new taxon against other\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians. The\u0026nbsp;Terastiodontosaurus\u0026nbsp;showed an “extreme dental morphology, including one massive tooth on the maxilla and dentary, flat cheek teeth, and an array of other diagnostic features that readily differentiate from all other amphisbaenians.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“Visually, you can imagine the animal as a ‘sandworm’ from the ‘Dune’ science fiction novels and their movie adaptation. Based on the tooth structure and the unusually thick enamel, we can deduce that the animals had enormous muscle strength in their jaws,” Georgalis\u0026nbsp;continued in a recent press release.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$85\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\\\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\\\"\u003e\\n\u003ciframe loading=\\\"lazy\\\" title=\\\"How Reptiles Helped Solve Problems\\\" width=\\\"500\\\" height=\\\"281\\\" src=\\\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/u6ysfXo1x9Y?feature=oembed\\\" frameborder=\\\"0\\\" allow=\\\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\\\" referrerpolicy=\\\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\\\" 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Inventor creates real-life Transformers robot with drone tech\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe vehicle\u0026#8217;s six brushless motors, two servos, and two linear actuators are controlled by a custom PCB running Dreamflight software.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe vehicle\u0026#8217;s six brushless motors, two servos, and two linear actuators are controlled by a custom PCB running Dreamflight software.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3576,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$87\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/drone-with-nervous-system-tested\\\"\u003eScientists test drone with nervous system, transmits real-time data via light\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/multi-material-3d-printing-mxene\\\"\u003eAre we closer than ever to 3D printing virtually anything?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/what-cnc-machining-is-and-how-it-works\\\"\u003eWhat CNC Machining Is and How It Works\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"t-mb-4 t-mt-5 video-embed-content t-relative\\\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract t-mt-2 content-sub-title body-large headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/inventor-creates-transformer-drone-tank\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-25T19:42:49\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 days ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-25T19:55:35\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 25, 2024 02:42 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 25, 2024 02:55 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-photo-ratio-19201080-23.jpg\",\"title\":\"Flying tank? Inventor creates real-life Transformers robot with drone tech\",\"name\":\"Flying tank? Inventor creates real-life Transformers robot with drone tech\",\"alt_text\":\"Flying tank? Inventor creates real-life Transformers robot with drone tech\",\"description\":\"The robot can fly like a drone and drive on roads. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1GSzysrYtw\\\"\u003eMichael Rechtin/YouTube\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"slug\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/SMgGAAR337pt.png\",\"page_url\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil\",\"description\":\"Jijo is an automotive and business journalist based in India. 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A retracting linear actuator rotates the wheels and prop guards to a vertical position for flight.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe main structure is reinforced with carbon fiber plates, while critical load-bearing parts are made from lightweight carbon fiber nylon for strength and heat resistance.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$88\",\"$89\",\"$8a\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eRedesigning heavy components and refining materials to reduce weight are among the proposed changes, according to Rechtin. \u003cspan style=\\\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px\\\"\u003eThe innovator has made the design open-source and available on\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://github.com/MichaelRechtin/Transforming-Quadcopter\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\\\"margin: 0px;padding: 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light\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/multi-material-3d-printing-mxene\\\"\u003eAre we closer than ever to 3D printing virtually anything?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/what-cnc-machining-is-and-how-it-works\\\"\u003eWhat CNC Machining Is and How It Works\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"t-mb-4 t-mt-5 video-embed-content t-relative\\\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract t-mt-2 content-sub-title body-large headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},\"jobs\":[{\"id\":\"132280331\",\"title\":\"Senior Technology Engineer (Continuous Integration)\",\"url\":\"https://jobs.interestingengineering.com/job/senior-technology-engineer-continuous-integration-2-at-the-travelers-companies-inc-2?source=mini_export\",\"location\":{\"country\":\"United States\",\"address\":\"Atlanta\",\"country_short\":\"US\",\"post_code\":\"30301\",\"state\":\"GA\",\"city\":\"Atlanta\"},\"company\":{\"name\":\"The Travelers Companies, 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University\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Copper\",\"slug\":\"copper\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/copper\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"},{\"name\":\"motor development\",\"slug\":\"motor-development\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/motor-development\"},{\"name\":\"Power\",\"slug\":\"power\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/power\"},{\"name\":\"rare earth metals\",\"slug\":\"rare-earth-metals\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/rare-earth-metals\"},{\"name\":\"Texas A\u0026amp;M 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minutes\",\"body\":\"$8c\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-magnet-free-electric-motor-needs-no-maintenance\\\"\u003eNew Magnet-Free Electric Motor Needs No Maintenance\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/magnet-free-motors-valeo-mahle-evs\\\"\u003eNew magnet-free electric motor to boost EV power, cut C02 emissions by 40%\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/engineer-young-motor-sustainable-ev\\\"\u003eA 17-year-old engineer’s magnet-free motor prototype could make electric vehicles more sustainable\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/high-power-electric-motors-using-copper\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T22:53:19\",\"timeAgo\":\"15 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T22:53:27\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 05:53 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 05:53 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-27T021916.763.jpg\",\"title\":\"Researchers develop rare earth-free high power electric motors using copper\",\"name\":\"Researchers develop rare earth-free high power electric motors using copper\",\"alt_text\":\"Researchers develop rare earth-free high power electric motors using copper\",\"description\":\"Dr. Dorsa Talebi, Dr. Hamid Toliyat and Mehdi Seyedi.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://engineering.tamu.edu/news/2024/11/sustainable-cost-effective-electric-motors-cut-rare-earth-materials.html\\\"\u003eTexas A\u0026amp;M Engineering\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"slug\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Kapil.png\",\"page_url\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal\",\"description\":\"Kapil Kajal is an award-winning journalist with a diverse portfolio spanning defense, politics, technology, crime, environment, human rights, and foreign policy. His work has been featured in publications such as Janes, National Geographic, Al Jazeera, Rest of World, Mongabay, and Nikkei. Kapil holds a dual bachelor's degree in Electrical, Electronics, and Communication Engineering and a master’s diploma in journalism from the Institute of Journalism and New Media in Bangalore.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eElectric motors power a range of technologies, including ships, airplanes, wind turbines, and electric vehicles.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, these motors are typically made with rare Earth materials, which present numerous environmental and economic challenges.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eRare earths are limited resources, and their mining processes can cause significant environmental pollution.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the global supply of these materials is largely controlled by a few countries, making them expensive to extract and vulnerable to supply chain disruptions.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eTo address these issues, a team at Texas A\u0026amp;M University, led by Dr. Hamid Toliyat, a professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, along with Mehdi Seyedi, a Ph.D. student in electrical engineering, and Dr. Dorsa Talebi, a postdoctoral researcher, is developing a motor that does not rely on rare Earth materials.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\" id=\\\"h-high-power-electric-motors\\\"\u003eHigh-power electric motors\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThey aim to create a cost-effective, compact, efficient, and sustainable electric motor that eliminates the need for rare earths and reduces dependence on foreign markets.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Talebi notes, “There are many unethical mining processes for extracting rare earth materials, which are also very energy-intensive. While there are global projects aimed at mining rare earths more sustainably, there is inadequate regulation. To meet the demands of growing industries, we need an alternative. Our motor addresses this need by not requiring rare earths.”\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$8d\",\"$8e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Alan Palazzolo, a professor in the J. Mike Walker ’66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, is the project\u0026#8217;s co-principal investigator.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe Texas A\u0026amp;M Engineering Experiment Station (TEES), the official research agency for Texas A\u0026amp;M Engineering, manages funding for this research.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/high-power-electric-motors-using-copper\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Dr. Dorsa Talebi, Dr. Hamid Toliyat and Mehdi Seyedi.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://engineering.tamu.edu/news/2024/11/sustainable-cost-effective-electric-motors-cut-rare-earth-materials.html\\\"\u003eTexas A\u0026amp;M Engineering\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-magnet-free-electric-motor-needs-no-maintenance\\\"\u003eNew Magnet-Free Electric Motor Needs No Maintenance\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/magnet-free-motors-valeo-mahle-evs\\\"\u003eNew magnet-free electric motor to boost EV power, cut C02 emissions by 40%\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/engineer-young-motor-sustainable-ev\\\"\u003eA 17-year-old engineer’s magnet-free motor prototype could make electric vehicles more sustainable\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123393,\"tags\":[\"Culture\",\"DB Cooper\",\"FBI\",\"identity\",\"Mystery\",\"parachute\",\"United 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\\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/fbi-busts-russian-ai-fake-news\\\"\u003eFBI busts Russian ‘social media bot farm’ spreading fake news in US\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/fbi-to-equip-tactical-drones-with-distraction-devices\\\"\u003eUS: FBI upgrading drones with loud bang capability for tactical missions\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/seaweed-biofuel-cars-barbados\\\"\u003eEngineers turn rotten seaweed into car fuel, aim to cut 14 million-ton of CO2\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"culture/db-cooper-identity-revealed-fbi\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T20:46:34\",\"timeAgo\":\"17 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T20:46:42\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 03:46 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 03:46 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-27T005227.160.jpg\",\"title\":\"Secret parachute may have revealed DB Cooper identity after 5 decades, FBI reopens case\",\"name\":\"Secret parachute may have revealed DB Cooper identity after 5 decades, FBI reopens case\",\"alt_text\":\"Secret parachute may have revealed DB Cooper identity after 5 decades, FBI reopens case\",\"description\":\"DB Cooper sketch images.\",\"reference\":\"FBI\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"slug\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Kapil.png\",\"page_url\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal\",\"description\":\"Kapil Kajal is an award-winning journalist with a diverse portfolio spanning defense, politics, technology, crime, environment, human rights, and foreign policy. His work has been featured in publications such as Janes, National Geographic, Al Jazeera, Rest of World, Mongabay, and Nikkei. Kapil holds a dual bachelor's degree in Electrical, Electronics, and Communication Engineering and a master’s diploma in journalism from the Institute of Journalism and New Media in Bangalore.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eThe children of Richard McCoy II, a convicted skyjacker, believe their father might be DB Cooper, the mysterious figure behind a famous 1971 skyjacking.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis case is the only unsolved skyjacking in US history, but new evidence has now emerged.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eMonths after the Cooper incident, McCoy committed a similar skyjacking involving a parachute jump.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHis children, Chanté and Richard III (Rick) have long thought the similarities pointed to their father, and now they may have proof.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$91\",\"$92\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eOnce Cooper\u0026#8217;s demands were met, the flight, which should have been 30 minutes, became a two-hour loop over Puget Sound while ground crews prepared.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eCooper let the 35 passengers and some crew members go and then dictated the flight path and settings to the remaining crew.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAfter finishing the negotiations, Cooper and the four remaining crew members took off again.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSomewhere over Washington, Cooper opened the \u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/fbi-to-equip-tactical-drones-with-distraction-devices\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003erear\u003c/a\u003e staircase and parachuted out of the plane, but no one knew exactly when or where he jumped.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eEfforts to find him yielded nothing, and experts have struggled to pinpoint a search area because of the many unknowns involved in the night jump.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/db-cooper-identity-revealed-fbi\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"DB Cooper sketch images.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"FBI\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/fbi-busts-russian-ai-fake-news\\\"\u003eFBI busts Russian ‘social media bot farm’ spreading fake news in US\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/fbi-to-equip-tactical-drones-with-distraction-devices\\\"\u003eUS: FBI upgrading drones with loud bang capability for tactical missions\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/seaweed-biofuel-cars-barbados\\\"\u003eEngineers turn rotten seaweed into car fuel, aim to cut 14 million-ton of CO2\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 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href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/discovering-the-power-of-ai-systems-in-enterprise-settings\\\"\u003eWhy AI is the key to unlocking your enterprise’s full potential\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T18:51:07\",\"timeAgo\":\"19 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T18:51:14\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 01:51 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 01:51 PM 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Kajal\",\"slug\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Kapil.png\",\"page_url\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal\",\"description\":\"Kapil Kajal is an award-winning journalist with a diverse portfolio spanning defense, politics, technology, crime, environment, human rights, and foreign policy. His work has been featured in publications such as Janes, National Geographic, Al Jazeera, Rest of World, Mongabay, and Nikkei. Kapil holds a dual bachelor's degree in Electrical, Electronics, and Communication Engineering and a master’s diploma in journalism from the Institute of Journalism and New Media in Bangalore.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1970, the groundbreaking invention known as the \u0026#8220;Ultrasonic Bath\u0026#8221; captured the world\u0026#8217;s attention at the Japan World Exposition.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eCreated by Sanyo Electric, today known as Panasonic Holdings Corp, this innovative device was likened to a futuristic human washing machine.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe egg-shaped pod provided an unusual bathing experience by automatically filling with hot water, utilizing ultrasound waves, and deploying massage balls to knead users’ bodies.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFast forward over five decades, and this unconventional idea is poised for a resurgence with a modern twist.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\" id=\\\"h-human-washing-machine\\\"\u003eHuman washing machine\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eOsaka-based Science Co is set to unveil an upgraded version of the human washing machine, called the “Mirai Ningen Sentakuki” or “Future Human Washing Machine.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThis highly anticipated device will be showcased at the Osaka Healthcare Pavilion and receive support from local government organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAttendees at the expo will have the opportunity to see the machine in action and experience its unique features firsthand.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eScience Co is already working on a consumer-grade model designed for home use, which will bridge the gap between exhibition novelty and practical functionality.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eDuring an informational lecture in October, chairman Yasuaki Aoyama shared that the prototype is well on its way to completion, with approximately 70% of its development finalized.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$95\",\"$96\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAs technology continues to evolve, the ability to customize experiences according to individual preferences will likely drive the shift towards hyper-personalization in our daily lives.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIn this light, the human washing machine transcends its quirky origins to become a symbol of what is possible at the intersection of technology and everyday living, highlighting the future of wellness and self-care.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIts emergence signals a nostalgic nod to the past and a visionary leap into a high-tech future where personal care is seamlessly integrated with advanced technology.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-washing-machine-for-humans\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Human washing machine\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/15482351\\\"\u003eThe Asahi Shimbun\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/ai-washing-tech-industry\\\"\u003eSmoke and mirrors: How ‘AI Washing’ is fooling the tech industry\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/artificial-general-intelligence-understanding-future-ai\\\"\u003eArtificial general intelligence: Understanding the future of AI\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/discovering-the-power-of-ai-systems-in-enterprise-settings\\\"\u003eWhy AI is the key to unlocking your enterprise’s full potential\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 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Big tech honchos predict human-level AI by 2025 or 2026\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eAltman projects AGI by 2025, while Amodei anticipates it by 2026 or 2027, but recent trends suggest progress in AI development may be slowing.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eAltman projects AGI by 2025, while Amodei anticipates it by 2026 or 2027, but recent trends suggest progress in AI development may be slowing.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":9131,\"readTime\":\"7 minutes\",\"body\":\"$98\",\"related_content\":\"\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T16:28:00\",\"timeAgo\":\"21 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T16:28:07\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 11:28 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 11:28 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":true,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-1_57c928.jpg\",\"title\":\"What is AGI, really? Big tech honchos predict human-level AI by 2025 or 2026\",\"name\":\"What is AGI, really? Big tech honchos predict human-level AI by 2025 or 2026\",\"alt_text\":\"What is AGI, really? Big tech honchos predict human-level AI by 2025 or 2026\",\"description\":\"Representative image.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/ai-communicates-with-people-through-network-servers-gm1493180156-516953199?searchscope=image,film\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003eXH4D\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Sejal Sharma\",\"slug\":\"sejal-sharma\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/EwuSxftyWaVt.png\",\"page_url\":\"sejal-sharma\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/sejal-sharma\",\"description\":\"Sejal is a Delhi-based journalist, currently dedicated to reporting on technology and culture. She is particularly enthusiastic about covering artificial intelligence, the semiconductor industry and helping people understand the powers and pitfalls of technology. Outside of work, she likes to play badminton and spend time with her dogs. Feel free to email her for pitches or feedback on her work.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSejal Sharma is IE\u0026#8217;s AI columnist, offering deep dives into the world of artificial intelligence and its transformative impact across industries. Her bi-monthly AI Logs column explores the latest trends, breakthroughs, and ethical dilemmas in AI, delivering expert analysis and fresh insights. To stay informed, subscribe to our \u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/newsletters/ai-logs/subscribe\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003eAI Logs newsletter\u003c/a\u003e for exclusive content.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIf you look at some of cinema\u0026#8217;s greatest and most bone-chilling villains, HAL 9000 from Stanley Kubrick\u0026#8217;s 1968 Marvel \u003cem\u003e2001: A Space Odyssey \u003c/em\u003eeasily ranks among the top 10.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHAL is one of the foremost portrayals of an artificial general intelligence (AGI), a human-level intellect or above in an artificial being. We never see him, but his words are creepily omnipresent in the film. \u0026#8220;I\u0026#8217;m sorry, Dave. I\u0026#8217;m afraid I can\u0026#8217;t do that,\u0026#8221; responds HAL to Dr David Bowman\u0026#8217;s request to re-enter the spacecraft, setting the stage for Bowman\u0026#8217;s slow and suffocating demise.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHAL\u0026#8217;s calm yet increasingly menacing tone builds a sense of dread, reminiscent of when Sir Anthony Hopkins played Hannibal Lecter in 1991 and incidentally took inspiration from HAL.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFast-forward to today, and HAL’s chilling presence feels uncomfortably relevant as big tech races to develop AGI. With industry leaders predicting its arrival within just a few years, the question arises: Are we building the next HAL? Or is true AGI still a distant dream clouded by challenges?\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$99\",\"$9a\",\"$9b\",\"$9c\",\"$9d\",\"$9e\",\"$9f\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, considering the pace of progress and the recent reports of AI models showing signs of slowing down, Altman\u0026#8217;s prediction of achieving AGI by 2025 seems ambitious. How could AGI be reached by jumping two levels within a year, especially when the current trajectory suggests that AI\u0026#8217;s rapid advancements may be facing roadblocks?\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eUltimately, as we continue to develop AI models, we may find ourselves in a situation similar to HAL 9000: a machine that seems to have intelligence yet remains somewhat distant from true human-like understanding. And with so many varying definitions of AGI, is there a chance that we might not recognize it when we finally see it?\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/ai-logs/artificial-generative-intelligence-2025\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representative image.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/ai-communicates-with-people-through-network-servers-gm1493180156-516953199?searchscope=image,film\\\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\\\"LnOLJ4WPBg1pjxPKMDBE\\\"\u003eXH4D\u003c/span\u003e/iStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":true,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/post-123355-speech-20241126162744.mp3\"},{\"id\":123270,\"tags\":[\"Culture\",\"hominin\",\"paleontology\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/culture\"},{\"name\":\"hominin\",\"slug\":\"hominin\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/hominin\"},{\"name\":\"paleontology\",\"slug\":\"paleontology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/paleontology\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Science\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/science\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$a0\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"science\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":8,\"title\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eIt’s time to reorganize our understanding of the first humans, according to research heads Christopher Bae and Wu Xiujie. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eIt’s time to reorganize our understanding of the first humans, according to research heads Christopher Bae and Wu Xiujie. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3535,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$a1\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/jaw-fossil-shows-hybrid-trait-of-ancient-and-modern-humans\\\"\u003eJaw fossil shows hybrid trait of ancient and modern humans\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ai-and-chemical-analysis-reveal-early-humans-traveled-miles-for-flint\\\"\u003eAI and chemical analysis reveal early humans traveled miles for flint to make handaxes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/worlds-oldest-human-burial-site-found-south-africa\\\"\u003eWorld’s oldest-known human burial site found in South Africa\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T15:24:28\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T15:24:35\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 10:24 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 10:24 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-9.14.40-PM.png\",\"title\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\",\"name\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\",\"alt_text\":\"Extinct hominid from 200,000 year ago in China is likely new human species\",\"description\":\"Skull, Ossuary\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://pixabay.com/photos/skull-ossuary-czech-republic-726253/\\\"\u003eZezya\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Maria Mocerino\",\"slug\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b13b723c1c12c2feb2e14a19e63d68a9?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/maria-mocerino\",\"description\":\"Originally from LA, Maria Mocerino has been published in Business Insider, The Irish Examiner, The Rogue Mag, Chacruna Institute for Psychedelic Plant Medicines, and now Interesting Engineering.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eA new species of hominin or humans has been discovered in Northern China with an unforgettable physical feature— large heads. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eEveryone knows the Neanderthals, homo sapiens, and Denisovans are amongst the first human species. The sapiens are considered the modern humans in that grouping that migrated out of Africa. However, according to research out of China, the number of prehistoric human species might be growing.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“The morphological diversity among late Quaternary hominin fossils from eastern Asia is greater than we expected,” the authors of a new study stated. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, “a number of new eastern Asian hominin taxa” have appeared on researcher’s radar over the past several decades. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAmong them, making headlines, is a new species that has been given an apt name \u0026#8211; Homo juluensis \u0026#8211; for their strikingly large heads. Ju Lu means “huge head\u0026#8221; in Chinese, as the \u003cem\u003eSouth China Morning Post\u003c/em\u003e reports. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe ancient human with an impressive head size is shaking up this area of science that lies at the foundation of us, humans. Study authors propose that the Denisovans are actually\u0026nbsp;Homo juluensis\u0026nbsp;and that this research contributes to the “decolonization” of the field so that Asia can assume its rightful place.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$a2\",\"$a3\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“The eastern Asian record is prompting us to recognize just how complex human evolution is more generally and really forcing us to revise and rethink our interpretations of various evolutionary models to better match the growing fossil record.”\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\\\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\\\"\u003e\\n\u003ciframe loading=\\\"lazy\\\" title=\\\"The Return of the Ekranoplan\\\" width=\\\"500\\\" height=\\\"281\\\" src=\\\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-hr-Qc4Dz0?feature=oembed\\\" frameborder=\\\"0\\\" allow=\\\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\\\" referrerpolicy=\\\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\\\" allowfullscreen\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/homo-juluensis-new-species-of-hominin-discovered-china\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Skull, Ossuary\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://pixabay.com/photos/skull-ossuary-czech-republic-726253/\\\"\u003eZezya\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/jaw-fossil-shows-hybrid-trait-of-ancient-and-modern-humans\\\"\u003eJaw fossil shows hybrid trait of ancient and modern humans\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/ai-and-chemical-analysis-reveal-early-humans-traveled-miles-for-flint\\\"\u003eAI and chemical analysis reveal early humans traveled miles for flint to make handaxes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/worlds-oldest-human-burial-site-found-south-africa\\\"\u003eWorld’s oldest-known human burial site found in South Africa\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123280,\"tags\":[\"Agriculture\",\"AI\",\"Farming\",\"robot\",\"Soil Conservation\",\"Sustainability\",\"UK\",\"University of Plymouth\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Agriculture\",\"slug\":\"agriculture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/agriculture\"},{\"name\":\"AI\",\"slug\":\"ai\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/ai\"},{\"name\":\"Farming\",\"slug\":\"farming\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/farming\"},{\"name\":\"robot\",\"slug\":\"robot\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/robot\"},{\"name\":\"Soil Conservation\",\"slug\":\"soil-conservation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/soil-conservation\"},{\"name\":\"Sustainability\",\"slug\":\"sustainability\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/sustainability\"},{\"name\":\"UK\",\"slug\":\"uk\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/uk\"},{\"name\":\"University of Plymouth\",\"slug\":\"university-of-plymouth\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/university-of-plymouth\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$a4\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"Gamma ray-detecting robot dogs can make agriculture more profitable for farmers\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe system measures soil radiation levels, offering a faster alternative to traditional methods with quicker, on-site results.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe system measures soil radiation levels, offering a faster alternative to traditional methods with quicker, on-site results.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4987,\"readTime\":\"4 minutes\",\"body\":\"$a5\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/engineers-create-robots-function-without-electricity\\\"\u003eEngineers create 1st robots capable of complex actions without electricity\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/electrically-conductive-soil-boosts-growth-by-50-in-plants\\\"\u003eElectrically conductive soil boosts growth by 50% in plants\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/novel-molecules-organic-flow-batteries\\\"\u003eChina scientists’ breakthrough flow battery hits 850 cycles, retains 99.95% capacity\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T15:04:18\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T15:04:25\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 10:04 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 10:04 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T193826.433.jpg\",\"title\":\"Gamma ray-detecting robot dogs can make agriculture more profitable for farmers\",\"name\":\"Gamma ray-detecting robot dogs can make agriculture more profitable for farmers\",\"alt_text\":\"Gamma ray-detecting robot dogs can make agriculture more profitable for farmers\",\"description\":\"Tracked robots and quadrupeds are used to carry a sensor.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.robotriks.co.uk/rtu\\\"\u003eRobotriks\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"slug\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/SMgGAAR337pt.png\",\"page_url\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil\",\"description\":\"Jijo is an automotive and business journalist based in India. Armed with a BA in History (Honors) from St. Stephen's College, Delhi University, and a PG diploma in Journalism from the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, Delhi, he has worked for news agencies, national newspapers, and automotive magazines. In his spare time, he likes to go off-roading, engage in political discourse, travel, and teach languages.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eScientists are testing a new robotic technology to help farmers quickly assess soil health in the United Kingdom.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA gamma ray detector, developed by a local Cornish company, is being used to map soil quality on fields in Cornwell. The detector is mounted on tracked robots and quadrupeds for accessibility and quicker turnaround times. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to a British news provider, the trial, which is being conducted in collaboration with the University of Plymouth, aims to provide farmers with more efficient ways to monitor soil conditions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe technology, which offers faster and more accurate results than traditional methods, could boost farm profitability.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$a6\",\"$a7\",\"$a8\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Rowntree, collaborative efforts between researchers and farmers are vital for developing accessible tools to monitor soil health. These innovations support sustainable farming, ensuring soil preservation for future generations.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-dogs-advance-soil-health-monitoring-in-uk\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Tracked robots and quadrupeds are used to carry a sensor.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.robotriks.co.uk/rtu\\\"\u003eRobotriks\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/engineers-create-robots-function-without-electricity\\\"\u003eEngineers create 1st robots capable of complex actions without electricity\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/electrically-conductive-soil-boosts-growth-by-50-in-plants\\\"\u003eElectrically conductive soil boosts growth by 50% in plants\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/novel-molecules-organic-flow-batteries\\\"\u003eChina scientists’ breakthrough flow battery hits 850 cycles, retains 99.95% capacity\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123191,\"tags\":[\"Biology\",\"manta rays\",\"Sustainability\",\"water filter\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Biology\",\"slug\":\"biology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/biology\"},{\"name\":\"manta rays\",\"slug\":\"manta-rays\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/manta-rays\"},{\"name\":\"Sustainability\",\"slug\":\"sustainability\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/sustainability\"},{\"name\":\"water 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minutes\",\"body\":\"$aa\",\"related_content\":\"\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:19\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:15:27\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:15 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:15 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-2_71c5e8.jpg\",\"title\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\",\"name\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\",\"alt_text\":\"MIT unveils manta ray-inspired water filter design for industrial plants\",\"description\":\"Pictured are pieces of the filter. \",\"reference\":\"Jennifer Chu\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers often seek inspiration from natural systems to address technical problems.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eManta rays are filter feeders, sifting plankton from seawater as they swim.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eInspired by this natural filtering mechanism, MIT engineers have designed new water filters for industrial purposes.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThey studied how mobula rays — a fish family that includes manta and devil rays — filter feed.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe mobula ray\u0026#8217;s mouth is lined with comb-like structures called plates that create vortices. These vortices trap plankton particles, directing them into the ray\u0026#8217;s gullet.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$ab\",\"$ac\",\"$ad\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mit-unveils-manta-ray-inspired-water-filter-design-for-industrial-plants\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Pictured are pieces of the filter. \",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"Jennifer Chu\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123264,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"Sustainability\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy \u0026amp; Environment\",\"slug\":\"energy-environment\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/energy-environment\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"},{\"name\":\"Sustainability\",\"slug\":\"sustainability\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/sustainability\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Energy\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Energy\",\"slug\":\"energy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/energy\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$ae\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"energy\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":20,\"title\":\"Spin-powered crystals could boost clean hydrogen production 200 times\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eIt holds the potential to significantly enhance the efficiency of the water-splitting process.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eIt holds the potential to significantly enhance the efficiency of the water-splitting process.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3590,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$af\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sustainable-hydrogen-solar-power\\\"\u003eScientists cook clean hydrogen from agri-waste with 600% less energy\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/hydrogen-storage-iron-rust-battery\\\"\u003eSwiss iron reactors store hydrogen 10x cheaper, safer, longer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/does-hydrogen-have-a-future-as-a-clean-energy-source\\\"\u003eDoes hydrogen have a future as a clean energy source?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:14:23\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:14:30\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:14 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:14 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-3_448eae.jpg\",\"title\":\"Spin-powered crystals could boost clean hydrogen production 200 times\",\"name\":\"Spin-powered crystals could boost clean hydrogen production 200 times\",\"alt_text\":\"Spin-powered crystals could boost clean hydrogen production 200 times\",\"description\":\"Hydrolysis and possible applications.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.cpfs.mpg.de/3695333/20241125?c=1622021\\\"\u003eDALL-E\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eHydrogen is increasingly seen as an important element in the transition to a low-carbon future. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eNow, researchers have discovered a new approach to improve the efficiency of water splitting, a process that produces clean hydrogen fuel.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eMax Planck Institute researchers used a special type of crystal called\u0026nbsp;topological chiral crystals.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThese crystals, with their unique chiral structure, possess extraordinary quantum properties. They can manipulate the spin of electrons, allowing for a highly efficient water-splitting process.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$b0\",\"$b1\",\"$b2\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings were published in the journal \u003ca href=\\\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-024-01674-9\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eNature Energy.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/spin-powered-crystals-could-boost-clean-hydrogen-production-200-times\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Hydrolysis and possible applications.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.cpfs.mpg.de/3695333/20241125?c=1622021\\\"\u003eDALL-E\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/sustainable-hydrogen-solar-power\\\"\u003eScientists cook clean hydrogen from agri-waste with 600% less energy\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/hydrogen-storage-iron-rust-battery\\\"\u003eSwiss iron reactors store hydrogen 10x cheaper, safer, longer\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/does-hydrogen-have-a-future-as-a-clean-energy-source\\\"\u003eDoes hydrogen have a future as a clean energy source?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123262,\"tags\":[\"Energy \u0026amp; 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The companies will use Westinghouse Electric Company\u0026#8217;s eVinci nuclear microreactor as the foundation for the FNPP. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Westinghouse, eVinci is capable of operating for eight years without refueling. That reliability, as well as the flexibility of shipping deployment, will make it a potent energy source.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$b5\",\"$b6\",\"$b7\",\"$b8\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-uk-firms-join-hands-to-build-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-microreactors\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Renders of CORE POWER and Westinghouse's technologies.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20241125066795/en/Westinghouse-and-CORE-POWER-Partner-for-Floating-Nuclear-Power-Plants-Using-eVinci%E2%84%A2-Microreactors\\\"\u003eBusiness Wire\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n 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Reactors\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123273,\"tags\":[\"Battery\",\"battery design\",\"Blade battery\",\"BYD\",\"China\",\"EV battery\",\"South Korea\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Battery\",\"slug\":\"battery\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/battery\"},{\"name\":\"battery design\",\"slug\":\"battery-design\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/battery-design\"},{\"name\":\"Blade 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href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/uber-partners-byd-evs\\\"\u003eBYD trumps Tesla: China EV maker signs deal with Uber for 100,000 cars\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"transportation/byd-blade-battery-second-gen-unveiling\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:05:49\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T14:05:57\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:05 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 09:05 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-97.png\",\"title\":\"BYD’s next-gen Blade battery for safer, more powerful EVs to launch in 2025\",\"name\":\"BYD’s next-gen Blade battery for safer, more powerful EVs to launch in 2025\",\"alt_text\":\"BYD’s 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href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/astronomers-observe-neutron-star-spinning-fast\\\"\u003eFastest neutron star ever observed spins at jaw-dropping 716 times per second\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/china-robot-dog-jumps-to-explore-asteroid-surfaces\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-27T13:08:18\",\"timeAgo\":\"43 minutes ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-27T13:08:25\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 27, 2024 08:08 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 27, 2024 08:08 AM 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Such a design allows the robot to adjust its posture mid-air, correct tilt, and even reorient to face a new direction.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe advancement could transform how small celestial bodies are explored, offering new possibilities for space exploration and enhancing our understanding of these distant objects.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$bf\",\"$c0\",\"$c1\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-robot-dog-jumps-to-explore-asteroid-surfaces\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Researchers used AI to teach the robot how to adjust its posture mid-air using its legs.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/blue-autonomous-robot-robot-dog-ai-robot-military-project-surveillance-drone-remote-gm2173910283-593622465?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/engineers-create-robots-function-without-electricity\\\"\u003eEngineers create 1st robots capable of complex actions without electricity\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/scientists-discover-smallest-known-asteroid\\\"\u003eScientists discover smallest known 16-inch asteroid after Niagara fireball event\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/space/astronomers-observe-neutron-star-spinning-fast\\\"\u003eFastest neutron star ever observed spins at jaw-dropping 716 times per second\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123458,\"tags\":[\"Culture\",\"Desalination\",\"Science\",\"technology\",\"Water\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/culture\"},{\"name\":\"Desalination\",\"slug\":\"desalination\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/desalination\"},{\"name\":\"Science\",\"slug\":\"science\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/science\"},{\"name\":\"technology\",\"slug\":\"technology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/technology\"},{\"name\":\"Water\",\"slug\":\"water\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/water\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$c2\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"New air-to-water converter works at low temperatures with reduced emissions\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe new technology could help address water shortages in arid regions and improve water access during emergencies.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eThe new technology could help address water shortages in arid regions and improve water access during emergencies.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3537,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$c3\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/portable-air-to-drinking-water-converter\\\"\u003ePortable air-to-drinking water converter fits in bag, ready for military use\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/ces-2024/worlds-first-home-air-to-water-generator\\\"\u003eWaterCube: World’s first home atmosphere-to-water generator makes 120 gallons a day\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/crystals-extract-water-from-air\\\"\u003eNYU scientists create crystals to extract water from air without using energy\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/efficient-water-harvesting-from-air\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-27T12:05:44\",\"timeAgo\":\"2 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-27T12:05:51\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 27, 2024 07:05 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 27, 2024 07:05 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IE-Photo-68.jpg\",\"title\":\"New air-to-water converter works at low temperatures with reduced emissions\",\"name\":\"New air-to-water converter works at low temperatures with reduced emissions\",\"alt_text\":\"New air-to-water converter works at low temperatures with reduced emissions\",\"description\":\"Water molecules in vapor are drawn to a water-loving polymer in a copolymer solution. The presence of the less hydrophilic polymer causes an exchange that helps release the water under near ambient conditions.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.omu.ac.jp/en/info/research-news/entry-67369.html\\\"\u003eOsaka Metropolitan University\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Sujita Sinha\",\"slug\":\"sujita-sinha\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9fc5736ab9393d2c6ebaefbed29ebd63?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"sujita-sinha\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/sujita-sinha\",\"description\":\"A versatile writer, Sujita has worked with Mashable Middle East and News Daily 24. When she isn't writing, you can find her glued to the latest web series and movies.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at Osaka Metropolitan University have developed a new method that significantly improves the process of harvesting water from the air, and also dehumidifying spaces. These technologies play a crucial role in ensuring a more comfortable and sustainable future for humanity. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe team has made the desorption process of water-adsorption polymers more efficient. This breakthrough addresses a key challenge in atmospheric water harvesting and desiccant air conditioning systems.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$c4\",\"$c5\",\"$c6\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/efficient-water-harvesting-from-air\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Water molecules in vapor are drawn to a water-loving polymer in a copolymer solution. The presence of the less hydrophilic polymer causes an exchange that helps release the water under near ambient conditions.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.omu.ac.jp/en/info/research-news/entry-67369.html\\\"\u003eOsaka Metropolitan University\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/energy/portable-air-to-drinking-water-converter\\\"\u003ePortable air-to-drinking water converter fits in bag, ready for military use\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/ces-2024/worlds-first-home-air-to-water-generator\\\"\u003eWaterCube: World’s first home atmosphere-to-water generator makes 120 gallons a day\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/crystals-extract-water-from-air\\\"\u003eNYU scientists create crystals to extract water from air without using energy\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123412,\"tags\":[\"Inventions and Machines\",\"robot\",\"Robot Coordination\",\"technology\",\"United States\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"},{\"name\":\"robot\",\"slug\":\"robot\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/robot\"},{\"name\":\"Robot Coordination\",\"slug\":\"robot-coordination\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/robot-coordination\"},{\"name\":\"technology\",\"slug\":\"technology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/technology\"},{\"name\":\"United States\",\"slug\":\"united-states\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/united-states\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$c7\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"US creates ‘syllabus’ for robots to swap skills at will without human need\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eRoVi-Aug trains on enhanced data, enabling instant robot adaptation without extra steps, improving skill transfer efficiency and success rates by 30%.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eRoVi-Aug trains on enhanced data, enabling instant robot adaptation without extra steps, improving skill transfer efficiency and success rates by 30%.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":4220,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$c8\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/engineers-create-robots-function-without-electricity\\\"\u003eEngineers create 1st robots capable of complex actions without electricity\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-camera-obstacle-detection\\\"\u003eEye-mimicking AI car camera detects pedestrians, obstacles 100x faster\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-paint-can-heat-and-cool-buildings-reducing-energy-use\\\"\u003eNew paint can heat and cool buildings reducing energy use\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/new-syllabus-boosts-robot-efficiency\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-27T10:26:35\",\"timeAgo\":\"3 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-27T10:26:42\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 27, 2024 05:26 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 27, 2024 05:26 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-27T130429.121.jpg\",\"title\":\"US creates ‘syllabus’ for robots to swap skills at will without human need\",\"name\":\"US creates ‘syllabus’ for robots to swap skills at will without human need\",\"alt_text\":\"US creates ‘syllabus’ for robots to swap skills at will without human need\",\"description\":\"The framework generates synthetic visual demonstrations with different robot types and camera angles, enhancing training versatility.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/cyborg-teacher-or-lecturer-gm954072938-260472675?searchscope=image,film\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"slug\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/SMgGAAR337pt.png\",\"page_url\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil\",\"description\":\"Jijo is an automotive and business journalist based in India. Armed with a BA in History (Honors) from St. Stephen's College, Delhi University, and a PG diploma in Journalism from the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, Delhi, he has worked for news agencies, national newspapers, and automotive magazines. In his spare time, he likes to go off-roading, engage in political discourse, travel, and teach languages.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eEngineers have created an innovative framework that enables robots to share skills across models autonomously.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNamed RoVi-Aug, it eliminates the need for human intervention in the learning process, simplifying robotic training.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePhysical tests reveal that RoVi-Aug trains on enhanced data to work instantly with new robots, regardless of camera angles. Unlike others, it skips extra test-time steps, adapts policies, and learns multi-robot tasks. This boosts skill transfer efficiency and raises success rates by up to 30 percent.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to the UC Berkeley team, the approach marks a significant step toward developing more independent and adaptable robots.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$c9\",\"$ca\",\"$cb\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eGeneralization may be further enhanced by extending to different grippers, such as multi-fingered hands, and integrating with object and task augmentation.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe details of the UC Berkeley team\u0026#8217;s \u003ca href=\\\"https://autolab.berkeley.edu/assets/publications/media/2024_CoRL_RoVi-aug_camera_ready.pdf\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003eresearch\u003c/a\u003e were pre-published on \u003cem\u003eArXiv\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-syllabus-boosts-robot-efficiency\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"The framework generates synthetic visual demonstrations with different robot types and camera angles, enhancing training versatility.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/cyborg-teacher-or-lecturer-gm954072938-260472675?searchscope=image,film\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/engineers-create-robots-function-without-electricity\\\"\u003eEngineers create 1st robots capable of complex actions without electricity\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-camera-obstacle-detection\\\"\u003eEye-mimicking AI car camera detects pedestrians, obstacles 100x faster\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-paint-can-heat-and-cool-buildings-reducing-energy-use\\\"\u003eNew paint can heat and cool buildings reducing energy use\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123403,\"tags\":[\"Aircraft\",\"China\",\"Defense \u0026amp; Military\",\"f-35\",\"fighter jet\",\"US Army\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Aircraft\",\"slug\":\"aircraft\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/aircraft\"},{\"name\":\"China\",\"slug\":\"china\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/china\"},{\"name\":\"Defense \u0026amp; Military\",\"slug\":\"defense-military\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/defense-military\"},{\"name\":\"f-35\",\"slug\":\"f-35\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/f-35\"},{\"name\":\"fighter jet\",\"slug\":\"fighter-jet\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/fighter-jet\"},{\"name\":\"US Army\",\"slug\":\"us-army\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/us-army\"}],\"name\":\"\",\"categories\":[\"Innovation\",\"Military\"],\"categoriesWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Innovation\",\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/innovation\"},{\"name\":\"Military\",\"slug\":\"military\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/category/military\"}],\"is_sponsored\":false,\"yoast_head\":\"$cc\",\"is_ces_article\":false,\"is_affiliate\":false,\"affiliateItems\":[],\"is_photo_story\":false,\"type\":3,\"version\":3,\"category\":\"innovation\",\"secondary_category\":null,\"category_id\":5,\"title\":\"F-35 vs. J-35A: Breaking down the features and specs of top fifth-generation jets\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eIn our in-depth look at these advanced combat aircraft, discover how China\u0026#8217;s J-35A compares with the US\u0026#8217;s F-35, from stealth technology to engine performance.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eIn our in-depth look at these advanced combat aircraft, discover how China\u0026#8217;s J-35A compares with the US\u0026#8217;s F-35, from stealth technology to engine performance.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":12784,\"readTime\":\"9 minutes\",\"body\":\"$cd\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/f-35c-fighter-makes-combat-debut\\\"\u003eF-35C stealth fighter makes combat debut with US Marine Corps air strikes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chinas-new-jet-afterburner-99-efficiency\\\"\u003eChina’s 99% efficient afterburner tech could make it ‘unrivaled in air combat’\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-reveals-mysterious-6th-gen-fighter\\\"\u003eWhite Emperor: China reveals mysterious jet that could be its first 6th-gen fighter\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/f-35-vs-j-35a-fighter-jet-comparison\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T23:23:44\",\"timeAgo\":\"14 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T23:23:53\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 06:23 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 06:23 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":true,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Thumbnails-for-IE-articles-mach-4.png\",\"title\":\"F-35 vs. J-35A: Breaking down the features and specs of top fifth-generation jets\",\"name\":\"F-35 vs. J-35A: Breaking down the features and specs of top fifth-generation jets\",\"alt_text\":\"F-35 vs. J-35A: Breaking down the features and specs of top fifth-generation jets\",\"description\":\"J-35A and F-35 are two of the world's most advanced stealth fighters.\",\"reference\":\"Source: \u003ca href=\\\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/us-pacific-command/30302370472\\\"\u003e1,\u003c/a\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:J-35A_Zhuhai_Airshow_2024.png\\\"\u003e2\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Kaif Shaikh\",\"slug\":\"kaif-shaikh-2\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Untitled-22.png\",\"page_url\":\"kaif-shaikh-2\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kaif-shaikh-2\",\"description\":\"Kaif Shaikh is a journalist and writer passionate about turning complex information into clear, impactful stories. His writing covers technology, sustainability, geopolitics, and occasionally fiction. In the digital media space, he has worked with leaders from industries as diverse as immunology, AI, SaaS, manufacturing, and even furniture. Apart from the long list of things he does outside work, he likes to read, breathe, and practice gratitude.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eIn November 2024, the Zhuhai Airshow unveiled a lineup of advanced military technology, prominently featuring the J-35A—a new fifth-generation stealth fighter from China\u0026#8217;s Shenyang Aircraft Corporation. This event showcased a range of aircraft, drones, and munitions. It highlighted the significant advancements of the People\u0026#8217;s Liberation Army (PLA) and PLA Air Force (PLAAF) in modern air combat capabilities.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$ce\",\"$cf\",\"$d0\",\"$d1\",\"$d2\",\"$d3\",\"$d4\",\"$d5\",\"$d6\",\"$d7\",\"$d8\",\"\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/f-35-vs-j-35a-fighter-jet-comparison\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"J-35A and F-35 are two of the world's most advanced stealth fighters.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"Source: \u003ca href=\\\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/us-pacific-command/30302370472\\\"\u003e1,\u003c/a\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:J-35A_Zhuhai_Airshow_2024.png\\\"\u003e2\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/f-35c-fighter-makes-combat-debut\\\"\u003eF-35C stealth fighter makes combat debut with US Marine Corps air strikes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/chinas-new-jet-afterburner-99-efficiency\\\"\u003eChina’s 99% efficient afterburner tech could make it ‘unrivaled in air combat’\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-reveals-mysterious-6th-gen-fighter\\\"\u003eWhite Emperor: China reveals mysterious jet that could be its first 6th-gen fighter\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":true,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123397,\"tags\":[\"Copper\",\"Inventions and Machines\",\"motor development\",\"Power\",\"rare earth metals\",\"Texas A\u0026amp;M University\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Copper\",\"slug\":\"copper\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/copper\"},{\"name\":\"Inventions and Machines\",\"slug\":\"inventions-and-machines\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/inventions-and-machines\"},{\"name\":\"motor 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motors using copper\",\"abstract\":\"\u003cp\u003eUsing copper coils instead of rare Earth materials in the motor’s rotating part is much more accessible.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"description\":\"\u003cp\u003eUsing copper coils instead of rare Earth materials in the motor’s rotating part is much more accessible.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3906,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$da\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-magnet-free-electric-motor-needs-no-maintenance\\\"\u003eNew Magnet-Free Electric Motor Needs No Maintenance\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/magnet-free-motors-valeo-mahle-evs\\\"\u003eNew magnet-free electric motor to boost EV power, cut C02 emissions by 40%\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/engineer-young-motor-sustainable-ev\\\"\u003eA 17-year-old engineer’s magnet-free motor prototype could make electric vehicles more sustainable\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/high-power-electric-motors-using-copper\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T22:53:19\",\"timeAgo\":\"15 hours ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T22:53:27\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 05:53 PM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 05:53 PM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-27T021916.763.jpg\",\"title\":\"Researchers develop rare earth-free high power electric motors using copper\",\"name\":\"Researchers develop rare earth-free high power electric motors using copper\",\"alt_text\":\"Researchers develop rare earth-free high power electric motors using copper\",\"description\":\"Dr. Dorsa Talebi, Dr. Hamid Toliyat and Mehdi Seyedi.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://engineering.tamu.edu/news/2024/11/sustainable-cost-effective-electric-motors-cut-rare-earth-materials.html\\\"\u003eTexas A\u0026amp;M Engineering\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Kapil Kajal\",\"slug\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Kapil.png\",\"page_url\":\"kapil-kajal\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/kapil-kajal\",\"description\":\"Kapil Kajal is an award-winning journalist with a diverse portfolio spanning defense, politics, technology, crime, environment, human rights, and foreign policy. His work has been featured in publications such as Janes, National Geographic, Al Jazeera, Rest of World, Mongabay, and Nikkei. Kapil holds a dual bachelor's degree in Electrical, Electronics, and Communication Engineering and a master’s diploma in journalism from the Institute of Journalism and New Media in Bangalore.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eElectric motors power a range of technologies, including ships, airplanes, wind turbines, and electric vehicles.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, these motors are typically made with rare Earth materials, which present numerous environmental and economic challenges.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eRare earths are limited resources, and their mining processes can cause significant environmental pollution.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the global supply of these materials is largely controlled by a few countries, making them expensive to extract and vulnerable to supply chain disruptions.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eTo address these issues, a team at Texas A\u0026amp;M University, led by Dr. Hamid Toliyat, a professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, along with Mehdi Seyedi, a Ph.D. student in electrical engineering, and Dr. Dorsa Talebi, a postdoctoral researcher, is developing a motor that does not rely on rare Earth materials.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\" id=\\\"h-high-power-electric-motors\\\"\u003eHigh-power electric motors\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThey aim to create a cost-effective, compact, efficient, and sustainable electric motor that eliminates the need for rare earths and reduces dependence on foreign markets.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Talebi notes, “There are many unethical mining processes for extracting rare earth materials, which are also very energy-intensive. While there are global projects aimed at mining rare earths more sustainably, there is inadequate regulation. To meet the demands of growing industries, we need an alternative. Our motor addresses this need by not requiring rare earths.”\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$db\",\"$dc\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Alan Palazzolo, a professor in the J. Mike Walker ’66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, is the project\u0026#8217;s co-principal investigator.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe Texas A\u0026amp;M Engineering Experiment Station (TEES), the official research agency for Texas A\u0026amp;M Engineering, manages funding for this research.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/high-power-electric-motors-using-copper\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Dr. Dorsa Talebi, Dr. Hamid Toliyat and Mehdi Seyedi.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://engineering.tamu.edu/news/2024/11/sustainable-cost-effective-electric-motors-cut-rare-earth-materials.html\\\"\u003eTexas A\u0026amp;M Engineering\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-magnet-free-electric-motor-needs-no-maintenance\\\"\u003eNew Magnet-Free Electric Motor Needs No Maintenance\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/magnet-free-motors-valeo-mahle-evs\\\"\u003eNew magnet-free electric motor to boost EV power, cut C02 emissions by 40%\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cp class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca 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EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-98.png\",\"title\":\"China’s US quarter-sized microcomputer has 3 cores to counter hackers\",\"name\":\"China’s US quarter-sized microcomputer has 3 cores to counter hackers\",\"alt_text\":\"China’s US quarter-sized microcomputer has 3 cores to counter hackers\",\"description\":\"Representational image of a US quarter dollar coin alongside a chip.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/cost-of-memory-gm95551004-948735?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Mrigakshi Dixit\",\"slug\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/miPaTnXVs8LI.png\",\"page_url\":\"mrigakshi-dixit\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/mrigakshi-dixit\",\"description\":\"Mrigakshi is a science journalist who enjoys writing about space exploration, biology, and technological innovations. Her work has been featured in well-known publications including Nature India, Supercluster, The Weather Channel and Astronomy magazine. If you have pitches in mind, please do not hesitate to email her.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eIn recent decades, the world has become increasingly interconnected — thanks to the rapid advancement in digital technology.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, there is a dark side to it too, cyber threat, which poses a serious risk to digital security.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThat’s why, the need for robust cybersecurity technology has never been greater.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-worlds-most-energy-efficient-ai-chips\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"dofollow\\\"\u003eChina\u003c/a\u003e’s Purple Mountain Laboratories has unveiled a new high-tech “microcomputer.” This tiny powerhouse promises to advance the way we think about security. It\u0026#8217;s a state-of-the-art security device, engineered to resist advanced cyber threats.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$df\",\"$e0\",\"$e1\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIt took two years for the Purple Mountain Laboratories to develop this high-tech MCU.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eFounded in 2018, the government lab is at the forefront of network security research, collaborating with industry leaders.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe MCU project is a national initiative led by State Grid.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-us-quarter-sized-microcomputer-has-3-cores-to-counter-hackers\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"Representational image of a US quarter dollar coin alongside a chip.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/cost-of-memory-gm95551004-948735?searchscope=image%2Cfilm\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0026nbsp;\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-microchip-material-is-10-times-stronger-than-kevlar\\\"\u003eNew microchip material is 10 times stronger than Kevlar\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-worlds-most-energy-efficient-ai-chips\\\"\u003eChina develops 'world's most energy-efficient AI chips'\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"lSfe4c r5bEn aI5QMe\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"SoAPf\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"n0jPhd ynAwRc MBeuO nDgy9d\\\" role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/huawei-ai-chips-power-china-next-generation-surgery-technology\\\"\u003eHuawei AI chips to power China’s next-gen surgery tech for medical breakthroughs\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv role=\\\"heading\\\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123287,\"tags\":[\"carbon black\",\"climate change\",\"plastic\",\"plastic recycling\",\"polystyrene\",\"Recycling\",\"solar recycling\",\"solar tech\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"carbon black\",\"slug\":\"carbon-black\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/carbon-black\"},{\"name\":\"climate 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agent. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3752,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$e3\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\\\"\u003eHow vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/tough-plastics-sustainably-broken-down\\\"\u003eTough plastics broken down sustainably with common chemical, sunlight, air\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastics-turned-into-graphene\\\"\u003ePlastics turned into 200x stronger material than steel, can be used in industries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T13:24:21\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T13:24:30\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 08:24 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 08:24 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T180140.110.jpg\",\"title\":\"Scientists use sunlight to convert stubborn plastic waste into reusable material\",\"name\":\"Scientists use sunlight to convert stubborn plastic waste into reusable material\",\"alt_text\":\"Scientists use sunlight to convert stubborn plastic waste into reusable material\",\"description\":\"nside this reaction vial, spotlit by concentrated sunlight, a piece of black polystyrene from a foam tray breaks down into a recyclable material.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.acs.org/pressroom/presspacs/2024/november/using-sunlight-to-recycle-black-plastics.html\\\"\u003eHanning Jiang\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Srishti Gupta\",\"slug\":\"srishti-gupta\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b86d098e343666fd88066a3a660a1471?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"srishti-gupta\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/srishti-gupta\",\"description\":\"Srishti studied English literature at the University of Delhi and has since then realized it's not her cup of tea. She has been an editor in every space and content type imaginable, from children's books to journal articles. She enjoys popular culture, reading contemporary fiction and nonfiction, crafts, and spending time with her cats. With a keen interest in science, Srishti is particularly drawn to beats covering medicine, sustainability, gene studies, and anything biology-related.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eBlack polystyrene, widely used in food containers, coffee lids, and packaging, is notoriously hard to recycle. Its dark color, achieved with carbon black pigment, thwarts optical scanners used in recycling plants, and the pigment complicates conventional recycling methods. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eNow, scientists from Cornell and Princeton universities have developed a groundbreaking method that uses sunlight and carbon black itself to transform this challenging waste into reusable materials.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$e4\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eOne promising alternative, photothermal conversion, uses light to heat plastics through a helper compound that converts light into localized heat. However, the inclusion of these compounds raises concerns about generating additional waste or altering the properties of the plastic during its initial use.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\" id=\\\"h-a-new-approach-using-carbon-black\\\"\u003eA new approach using carbon black\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eInstead of introducing external compounds, the researchers leveraged carbon black, already embedded in black polystyrene, as the heat-converting agent. This approach eliminates the need for additional additives while utilizing a component that was previously considered an obstacle.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eIn their experiments, the team ground lab-made black polystyrene into a fine powder and placed it under high-intensity white LED lights. The carbon black absorbed the light, generating localized heat that broke the polystyrene into smaller molecules known as styrenes. \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$e5\",\"$e6\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/scientists-use-sunlight-to-convert-plastic-waste\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"nside this reaction vial, spotlit by concentrated sunlight, a piece of black polystyrene from a foam tray breaks down into a recyclable material.\",\"ie_featured_image_reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.acs.org/pressroom/presspacs/2024/november/using-sunlight-to-recycle-black-plastics.html\\\"\u003eHanning Jiang\u003c/a\u003e\",\"ie_related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/how-vaporizing-plastics-could-save-a-failing-recycling-industry\\\"\u003eHow vaporizing plastics could be key to saving a failing recycling industry\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/tough-plastics-sustainably-broken-down\\\"\u003eTough plastics broken down sustainably with common chemical, sunlight, air\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/plastics-turned-into-graphene\\\"\u003ePlastics turned into 200x stronger material than steel, can be used in industries\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123178,\"tags\":[\"Brakes\",\"Clean Mobility\",\"Electric Vehicle\",\"EV\",\"In-Drive Brake\",\"Mercedes Benz\",\"Regenerative Braking\",\"Sustainability\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Brakes\",\"slug\":\"brakes\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/brakes\"},{\"name\":\"Clean Mobility\",\"slug\":\"clean-mobility\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/clean-mobility\"},{\"name\":\"Electric 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calipers with a circular brake pad on the motor\u0026#8217;s output shaft, pressing against a water-cooled ring.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\",\"word_count\":3607,\"readTime\":\"3 minutes\",\"body\":\"$e8\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/battery-80-charge-15-minutes\\\"\u003eBreakthrough EV battery tech achieves 0 to 80% charge in just 15 minutes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/videos/a-team-of-mechanics-built-a-how-to-air-brake-for-a-lada\\\"\u003eA team of mechanics built a DIY air brake for a Lada\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli class=\\\"content-title mt-3 t-mt-2 braintree-heading\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/discovery-law-of-friction-minimizes-energy-loss\\\"\u003eDiscovery of a law of friction leads to a material that minimizes energy loss\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"t-mb-4 t-mt-5 video-embed-content t-relative\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T13:06:56\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T13:07:03\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 08:06 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 08:07 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Untitled-design-2024-11-26T155712.838.jpg\",\"title\":\"Mercedes unleashes new EV braking system to push electric power and performance\",\"name\":\"Mercedes unleashes new EV braking system to push electric power and performance\",\"alt_text\":\"Mercedes unleashes new EV braking system to push electric power and performance\",\"description\":\"There is no traditional caliper; instead, scrubbing speed is generated by pressing the circular brake pad against the stationary disk.\",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.istockphoto.com/search/2/image-film?phrase=mercedes\\\"\u003eiStock\u003c/a\u003e\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Jijo Malayil\",\"slug\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://images.interestingengineering.com/avatars/SMgGAAR337pt.png\",\"page_url\":\"jijo-malayil\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/jijo-malayil\",\"description\":\"Jijo is an automotive and business journalist based in India. Armed with a BA in History (Honors) from St. Stephen's College, Delhi University, and a PG diploma in Journalism from the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, Delhi, he has worked for news agencies, national newspapers, and automotive magazines. In his spare time, he likes to go off-roading, engage in political discourse, travel, and teach languages.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eGerman carmaker Mercedes Benz has proposed a more efficient braking system for electric vehicles (EVs).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe concept, called \u0026#8216;In-Drive Brakes\u0026#8217;, relocates the braking system from the wheels to the electric drive motor. Positioned where the half-shafts connect, the innovative design integrates the brakes directly into the motor assembly.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Mercedes system replaces calipers with a circular brake pad mounted on the electric motor\u0026#8217;s output shaft. The pad presses against a stationary, water-cooled ring within a sealed enclosure.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhile the prototype demonstrates this approach on the rear axle, it has the potential to function on both the front and rear axles.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to Mercedes, the innovation offers better ride quality, cleaner streets by containing brake dust, and streamlined wheel designs for improved aerodynamics.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$e9\",\"$ea\",\"$eb\"],\"paywall_parts\":\"\",\"first_paragraph\":\"\",\"comment_count\":0,\"last_part_count\":0,\"permalink\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mercedes-unleashes-new-ev-braking-system\",\"video_recommendations\":[],\"source_type\":0,\"source_target\":\"\",\"connatix_script_id\":\"\",\"connatix_media_id\":\"\",\"acf_data\":{\"ie_id\":\"\",\"ie_score\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image\":\"\",\"ie_featured_image_description\":\"There is no traditional caliper; instead, scrubbing speed is generated by pressing the circular 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href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/discovery-law-of-friction-minimizes-energy-loss\\\"\u003eDiscovery of a law of friction leads to a material that minimizes energy loss\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\\r\\n\u003cdiv class=\\\"t-mb-4 t-mt-5 video-embed-content t-relative\\\"\u003e\\r\\n\u003ch4 class=\\\"article-abstract content-sub-title body-large t-mt-2 headingSection_text_solid_secondary__z9nWA\\\"\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/div\u003e\",\"settings\":{\"is_premium_article\":false,\"is_affiliate_article\":false,\"is_seo_article\":false,\"is_listicle_article\":false,\"is_sponsored_article\":false},\"affiliate\":null,\"sponsor_type\":false,\"company_name\":\"\",\"company_logo\":null,\"company_logo_url\":\"\",\"sponsor_link\":\"\",\"update_date\":\"\"},\"articleAudio\":\"\"},{\"id\":123179,\"tags\":[\"Animals\",\"Archaelogy\",\"Culture\",\"Fossils\",\"Lizard\",\"paleontology\",\"worm fossil\"],\"date\":\"\",\"tagsWithData\":[{\"name\":\"Animals\",\"slug\":\"animals\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/animals\"},{\"name\":\"Archaelogy\",\"slug\":\"archaelogy\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/archaelogy\"},{\"name\":\"Culture\",\"slug\":\"culture\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/culture\"},{\"name\":\"Fossils\",\"slug\":\"fossils\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/fossils\"},{\"name\":\"Lizard\",\"slug\":\"lizard\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/lizard\"},{\"name\":\"paleontology\",\"slug\":\"paleontology\",\"link\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/tag/paleontology\"},{\"name\":\"worm 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minutes\",\"body\":\"$ed\",\"related_content\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/culture/burmese-python-turns-massive-rival-snake-into-dinner\\\"\u003e10-foot Burmese python eats massive rival snake for dinner in a world-first\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/world-first-snakelets-born-from-frozen-semen\\\"\u003eUS: World-first snakelets born from frozen semen to save the species\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n \\t\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://interestingengineering.com/science/mamba-cobra-ancestors-history\\\"\u003eRewriting reptile hiss-tory: Genetics reveal cobras’ 46-million-year old secret\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\\r\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\",\"has_no_index\":0,\"url\":\"science/largest-worm-lizard-ever-found-on-earth\",\"publish_date\":\"2024-11-26T12:41:26\",\"timeAgo\":\"a day ago\",\"update_date\":\"2024-11-26T12:41:34\",\"formatted_publish_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 07:41 AM EST\",\"formatted_update_date\":\"Nov 26, 2024 07:41 AM EST\",\"is_premium\":false,\"is_seo\":false,\"is_listicle\":false,\"show_ads\":1,\"layout\":0,\"episode_number\":-1,\"is_trend\":false,\"faqs\":[],\"attachments\":{\"main_image\":{\"src\":\"https://cms.interestingengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-26-at-2.19.22-PM.png\",\"title\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"name\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"alt_text\":\"World’s largest worm lizards’ teeth crushed snail shells 50 million years ago \",\"description\":\"Life reconstruction of Terastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi ready to prey on a large snail of the family Bulimulidae. \",\"reference\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://academic.oup.com/view-large/figure/494657277/zlae133_fig24.jpg\\\"\u003eJaime Chirinos\u003c/a\u003e.\"}},\"embed_url\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"author\":{\"owner\":[{\"name\":\"Maria Mocerino\",\"slug\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"surname\":\"\",\"avatar\":\"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b13b723c1c12c2feb2e14a19e63d68a9?s=96\u0026d=mm\u0026r=g\",\"page_url\":\"maria-mocerino\",\"author_url\":\"https://interestingengineering.com/author/maria-mocerino\",\"description\":\"Originally from LA, Maria Mocerino has been published in Business Insider, The Irish Examiner, The Rogue Mag, Chacruna Institute for Psychedelic Plant Medicines, and now Interesting Engineering.\"}]},\"body_parts\":[\"\\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers in Tunisia found the largest “worm lizard” that has ever lived with a feeding strategy that has remained consistent for millions of years.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eThe recently identified \u003cem\u003eTerastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;existed a whopping 50 million years ago at a time when warm temperatures might have encouraged its astonishing growth. \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eSlithering up to three feet long, the reptile belongs to a new genus and species of\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians, a “charismatic group” of “legless lizards” that has “attracted and puzzled researchers since the 19\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026nbsp;century.” \u003c/p\u003e\",\"$ee\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“Our discovery from Tunisia, with an estimated skull length exceeding five centimeters, is the largest known worm lizard species,” Dr. Georgios L. Georgalis, the research head, explained. “All evidence indicates that the new species is related to the modern-day checkerboard worm lizard.” \u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003eUsing micro-computed tomography, they assessed the anatomy of the new taxon against other\u0026nbsp;amphisbaenians. The\u0026nbsp;Terastiodontosaurus\u0026nbsp;showed an “extreme dental morphology, including one massive tooth on the maxilla and dentary, flat cheek teeth, and an array of other diagnostic features that readily differentiate from all other amphisbaenians.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cp\u003e“Visually, you can imagine the animal as a ‘sandworm’ from the ‘Dune’ science fiction novels and their movie adaptation. Based on the tooth structure and the unusually thick enamel, we can deduce that the animals had enormous muscle strength in their jaws,” Georgalis\u0026nbsp;continued in a recent press release.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"$ef\",\"\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\\\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\\\"\u003e\\n\u003ciframe loading=\\\"lazy\\\" title=\\\"How Reptiles Helped Solve Problems\\\" width=\\\"500\\\" height=\\\"281\\\" src=\\\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/u6ysfXo1x9Y?feature=oembed\\\" frameborder=\\\"0\\\" allow=\\\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\\\" referrerpolicy=\\\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\\\" 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