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<span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Histoire</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Histoire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Paléo-assyrien" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paléo-assyrien"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Paléo-assyrien</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paléo-assyrien-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Médio-assyrien" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Médio-assyrien"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Médio-assyrien</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Médio-assyrien-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Néo-assyrien" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Néo-assyrien"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Néo-assyrien</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Néo-assyrien-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corpus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corpus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Corpus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corpus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Bibliographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table des matières" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Assyrien</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 5 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-5" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">5 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="آشورية – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آشورية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A2%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="زبان آشوری – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان آشوری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_asiria" title="Lingua asiria – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua asiria" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_asiriana" title="Fiteny asiriana – malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny asiriana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialekt_asyryjski" title="Dialekt asyryjski – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dialekt asyryjski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3333035#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Assyrien" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussion:Assyrien" rel="discussion" title="Discussion au sujet de cette page de contenu [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifier la variante de langue" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">français</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div 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class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assyrien&action=history" title="Historique des versions de cette page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Assyrien"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assyrien&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assyrien&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assyrien&action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/Assyrien" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/Assyrien" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assyrien&oldid=217476776" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assyrien&action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&page=Assyrien&id=217476776&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAssyrien"><span>Obtenir l'URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAssyrien"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Assyrien"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Assyrien&action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assyrien&printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3333035" title="Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/Assyrien_(homonymie)" class="mw-disambig" title="Assyrien (homonymie)">Assyrien (homonymie)</a>. </p> </div></div> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css general" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour un article plus général, voir <a href="/wiki/Akkadien" title="Akkadien">Akkadien</a>. </p> </div></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete bd" style="background-color:#FFFF80;color:black;">Assyrien<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r160408458">.mw-parser-output .entete.bd{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Picto_infobox_comicballoon.png")}</style> </td></tr> <tr><th scope="row">Pays </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syrie" title="Syrie">Syrie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turquie" title="Turquie">Turquie</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#FFFF80; color:#000000">Classification par famille</th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> <a href="/wiki/Langues_chamito-s%C3%A9mitiques" title="Langues chamito-sémitiques">langues chamito-sémitiques</a><ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> <a href="/wiki/Langues_s%C3%A9mitiques" title="Langues sémitiques">langues sémitiques</a><ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> langues sémitiques occidentales<ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> langues sémitiques centrales<ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> <a href="/wiki/Akkadien_(langue)" class="mw-redirect" title="Akkadien (langue)">akkadien</a><ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> <b>assyrien</b></li></ul> </li></ul> </li></ul></li></ul> </li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#FFFF80; color:#000000">Codes de langue</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tiquette_d%27identification_de_langues_IETF" title="Étiquette d'identification de langues IETF">IETF</a> </th> <td><code>akk<sup id="cite_ref-generique_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-generique-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></code> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></span> </th> <td><code>akk<sup id="cite_ref-generique_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-generique-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></code> </td> </tr> <tr><th scope="row"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span> </th> <td><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=akk">akk</a></code> <sup id="cite_ref-generique_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-generique-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="display:none;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #FFFF80 solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color: inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assyrien&action=edit&section=0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Langue" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>L'<b>assyrien</b> est une <a href="/wiki/Langue_s%C3%A9mitique" class="mw-redirect" title="Langue sémitique">langue sémitique</a>, formant un rameau linguistique de l'<a href="/wiki/Akkadien" title="Akkadien">akkadien</a>, parlée et écrite en <a href="/wiki/Assyrie" title="Assyrie">Assyrie</a> antique et connue par un important corpus d'inscriptions monumentales et de tablettes cunéiformes. Les différences entre l'assyrien et la branche <a href="/wiki/Babylonien_(langue)" title="Babylonien (langue)">babylonienne</a> de l'akkadien sont sensibles, surtout dans la phonétique. </p> <ul><li><b>Nota</b> : la langue parlée par les <a href="/wiki/Assyriens" title="Assyriens">Assyriens</a> contemporains est une branche moderne de l'<a href="/wiki/Aram%C3%A9en" title="Araméen">araméen</a>, le <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9o-aram%C3%A9en_oriental" title="Néo-araméen oriental">néo-araméen oriental</a>.</li></ul> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Histoire">Histoire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assyrien&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Histoire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assyrien&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Histoire"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On distingue trois états successifs du dialecte assyrien : paléo-assyrien, médio-assyrien et néo-assyrien. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paléo-assyrien"><span id="Pal.C3.A9o-assyrien"></span>Paléo-assyrien</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assyrien&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Paléo-assyrien" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assyrien&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Paléo-assyrien"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le paléo-assyrien est la langue des documents datant des <a href="/wiki/XIXe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C." title="XIXe siècle av. J.-C."><abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle avant Jésus-Christ"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr></a> et <a href="/wiki/XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C." title="XVIIIe siècle av. J.-C."><abbr class="abbr" title="18ᵉ siècle avant Jésus-Christ"><span class="romain">XVIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr></a> siècles <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr>, essentiellement retrouvés dans le comptoir commercial assyrien de <a href="/wiki/Kanesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanesh">Kanesh</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Anatolie" title="Anatolie">Anatolie</a>. Cette langue est proche du <a href="/wiki/Pal%C3%A9o-babylonien" class="mw-redirect" title="Paléo-babylonien">paléo-babylonien</a> contemporain et elle conserve ainsi la <a href="/wiki/Mimation" title="Mimation">mimation</a>. La lecture de ce dialecte est souvent compliquée par la volonté de ceux qui l'ont écrit d’utiliser un nombre réduit de signes cunéiformes (sans doute parce que la plupart d’entre eux n’étaient pas scribes). Du point de vue phonétique, elle ne contracte pas les voyelles qui se suivent dans un même mot et elle a des règles d‘harmonie vocalique particulières. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Médio-assyrien"><span id="M.C3.A9dio-assyrien"></span>Médio-assyrien</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assyrien&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Médio-assyrien" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assyrien&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Médio-assyrien"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le médio-assyrien est pratiqué du <a href="/wiki/XIVe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C." title="XIVe siècle av. J.-C."><abbr class="abbr" title="14ᵉ siècle avant Jésus-Christ"><span class="romain">XIV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr></a> au <a href="/wiki/XIe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C." title="XIe siècle av. J.-C."><abbr class="abbr" title="11ᵉ siècle avant Jésus-Christ"><span class="romain">XI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr></a> siècle <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr> dans le royaume d’<a href="/wiki/Assyrie" title="Assyrie">Assyrie</a>. Comme pour le babylonien, cette période voit disparaître la mimation. Le wa- initial verbal devient un simple u-, tandis que le -w- qui se trouve à l’intérieur d’un mot devient souvent un -b-. Le suffixe -u attaché au verbe final d’une proposition subordonnée devient un -ni. Le statif comporte aussi quelques formes particulières. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Néo-assyrien"><span id="N.C3.A9o-assyrien"></span>Néo-assyrien</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assyrien&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Néo-assyrien" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assyrien&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Néo-assyrien"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le néo-assyrien est la langue de l’Assyrie qui domine le <a href="/wiki/Proche-Orient" title="Proche-Orient">Proche-Orient</a> de <a href="/wiki/-911" class="mw-redirect" title="-911">911</a> à <a href="/wiki/612_av._J.-C." class="mw-redirect" title="612 av. J.-C.">612 av. J.-C.</a> Il est de ce fait très abondamment documenté, même si la langue des inscriptions royales reste le babylonien standard. Le néo-assyrien connaît une évolution proche de celle du néo-babylonien, notamment du point de vue phonétique avec le -št- qui devient -lt-, et sur le plan grammatical avec la notation irrégulière des désinences casuelles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corpus">Corpus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assyrien&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Corpus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assyrien&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Corpus"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les premiers textes traduits furent les inscriptions du palais du roi néo-assyrien <a href="/wiki/Sargon_II" title="Sargon II">Sargon II</a>. </p><p>L'assyrien s'écrivait au moyen de <a href="/wiki/Cun%C3%A9iforme" title="Cunéiforme">signes cunéiformes</a> hérités de l'écriture <a href="/wiki/Sum%C3%A9rien" title="Sumérien">sumérienne</a>, gravés sur des tablettes en argile au moyen d'un calame (roseau) ou dans la pierre dans les inscriptions monumentales. Les cunéiformes néo-assyriens présentent une apparence simplifiée par rapport à leurs équivalents <a href="/wiki/Babylonien_(langue)" title="Babylonien (langue)">babyloniens</a>. </p><p>La langue néo-assyrienne fut peu à peu supplantée par une autre langue sémitique, non akkadienne, l'<a href="/wiki/Aram%C3%A9en" title="Araméen">araméen</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assyrien&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assyrien&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-generique-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-generique_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-generique_1-1">b</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-generique_1-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text">code générique</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assyrien&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assyrien&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assyrien&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assyrien&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="GEO"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Andrew <span class="nom_auteur">George</span>, <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">« Babylonian and Assyrian: A history of Akkadian »</cite>, dans John Nicholas Postgate (dir.), <cite class="italique" lang="en">Languages of Iraq, Ancient and Modern</cite>, Cambridge, <a href="/wiki/British_School_of_Archaeology_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="British School of Archaeology in Iraq">British School of Archaeology in Iraq</a> - Cambridge University Press, <time>2007</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">31-71</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Languages+of+Iraq%2C+Ancient+and+Modern&rft.atitle=Babylonian+and+Assyrian%3A+A+history+of+Akkadian&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=British+School+of+Archaeology+in+Iraq&rft.aulast=George&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2007&rft.pages=31-71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAssyrien"></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="COM"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Mikko Luukko et Greta Van Buylaere, <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">« Languages and Writing Systems in Assyria »</cite>, dans Eckart Frahm (dir.), <cite class="italique" lang="en">A Companion to Assyria</cite>, Malden, Wiley-Blackwell, <time>2017</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">313-335</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Assyria&rft.atitle=Languages+and+Writing+Systems+in+Assyria&rft.place=Malden&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.au=Mikko+Luukko+et+Greta+Van+Buylaere&rft.date=2017&rft.pages=313-335&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAssyrien"></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Streck2011"><span class="ouvrage" id="Michael_P._Streck2011"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Michael P. Streck, <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">« Babylonian and Assyrian »</cite>, dans S. Weninger (dir.), <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Semitic Languages</cite>, Berlin, De Gruyter, <time>2011</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">359-396</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Semitic+Languages&rft.atitle=Babylonian+and+Assyrian&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft.aulast=Streck&rft.aufirst=Michael+P.&rft.date=2011&rft.pages=359-396&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAssyrien"></span></span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assyrien&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assyrien&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linguistique" title="Linguistique">Linguistique</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_langues" title="Liste de langues">Liste de langues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_par_famille" title="Langues par famille">Langues par famille</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_chamito-s%C3%A9mitiques" title="Langues chamito-sémitiques">Langues chamito-sémitiques</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_s%C3%A9mitiques" title="Langues sémitiques">Langues sémitiques</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkadien" title="Akkadien">Akkadien</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Langues" title="Portail des langues"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Portal_Languages_icon.svg/24px-Portal_Languages_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Portal_Languages_icon.svg/36px-Portal_Languages_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Portal_Languages_icon.svg/48px-Portal_Languages_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Langues" title="Portail:Langues">Portail des langues</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Proche-Orient_ancien" title="Portail du Proche-Orient ancien"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Babylonlion.JPG/27px-Babylonlion.JPG" decoding="async" width="27" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Babylonlion.JPG/41px-Babylonlion.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Babylonlion.JPG/55px-Babylonlion.JPG 2x" data-file-width="248" data-file-height="218" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Proche-Orient_ancien" title="Portail:Proche-Orient ancien">Portail du Proche-Orient ancien</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:M%C3%A9sopotamie" title="Portail de la Mésopotamie"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Chaos_Monster_and_Sun_God.png/40px-Chaos_Monster_and_Sun_God.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Chaos_Monster_and_Sun_God.png/60px-Chaos_Monster_and_Sun_God.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Chaos_Monster_and_Sun_God.png/120px-Chaos_Monster_and_Sun_God.png 2x" data-file-width="2012" data-file-height="1484" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:M%C3%A9sopotamie" title="Portail:Mésopotamie">Portail de la Mésopotamie</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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