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vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">收埋</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">文頭</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-定位" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#定位"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>定位</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-定位-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-語義" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#語義"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>語義</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-語義-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-概念" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#概念"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>概念</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-概念-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>切換去概念細章節</span> </button> <ul id="toc-概念-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-不可譯" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#不可譯"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>不可譯</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-不可譯-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-語境" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#語境"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>語境</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-語境-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歧義" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歧義"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>歧義</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歧義-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-選詞" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#選詞"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>選詞</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-選詞-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-AI_技術" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#AI_技術"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>AI 技術</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-AI_技術-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-睇埋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#睇埋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>睇埋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-睇埋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-註釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#註釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>註釋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-註釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-引述" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引述"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>引述</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引述-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-拎" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#拎"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>拎</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-拎-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目錄" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="開/收內容一覽" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">開/收內容一覽</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">翻譯</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="去睇另一種語文嘅文章。有131種語言版本。" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-131" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">131種語言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertaling" title="Vertaling – 南非荷蘭文" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vertaling" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cbersetzung_(Linguistik)" title="Übersetzung (Linguistik) – 德文（瑞士）" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Übersetzung (Linguistik)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="德文（瑞士）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traducci%C3%B3n" title="Traducción – 阿拉貢文" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Traducción" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉貢文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A9" title="ترجمة – 阿拉伯文" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ترجمة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9" title="طرجامة – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="طرجامة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="অনুবাদ – 阿薩姆文" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="অনুবাদ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿薩姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traducci%C3%B3n" title="Traducción – 阿斯圖里亞文" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Traducción" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯圖里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C9%99rc%C3%BCm%C9%99" title="Tərcümə – 亞塞拜然文" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tərcümə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="亞塞拜然文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BC%D3%99" title="Тәржемә – 巴什客爾文" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тәржемә" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什客爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pargold%C4%ABms" title="Pargoldīms – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Pargoldīms" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Пераклад – 白俄羅斯文" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пераклад" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄羅斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Пераклад – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пераклад" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Превод – 保加利亞文" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Превод" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="अनुबाद – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="अनुबाद" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="অনুবাদ – 孟加拉文" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অনুবাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trei%C3%B1_ha_troidigezh" title="Treiñ ha troidigezh – 布列塔尼文" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Treiñ ha troidigezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevo%C4%91enje" title="Prevođenje – 波士尼亞文" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Prevođenje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波士尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarjamahan" title="Tarjamahan – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Tarjamahan" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%88%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Оршуулга – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Оршуулга" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traducci%C3%B3_ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica" title="Traducció lingüística – 加泰羅尼亞文" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Traducció lingüística" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰羅尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%87" title="Гоч – 車臣文" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Гоч" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="車臣文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%95%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%8E%DA%95%D8%A7%D9%86" title="وەرگێڕان – 索拉尼庫爾德文" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="وەرگێڕان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="索拉尼庫爾德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tercime" title="Tercime – 克里米亞半島的土耳其文；克里米亞半島的塔塔爾文" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Tercime" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亞半島的土耳其文；克里米亞半島的塔塔爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%99eklad" title="Překlad – 捷克文" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Překlad" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%C3%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83" title="Куçару – 楚瓦什文" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Куçару" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyfieithu" title="Cyfieithu – 威爾斯文" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cyfieithu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威爾斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overs%C3%A6ttelse" title="Oversættelse – 丹麥文" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Oversættelse" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麥文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cbersetzung_(Linguistik)" title="Übersetzung (Linguistik) – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Übersetzung (Linguistik)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%AC%CF%86%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Μετάφραση – 希臘文" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μετάφραση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation" title="Translation – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Translation" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traduko" title="Traduko – 世界文" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Traduko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traducci%C3%B3n" title="Traducción – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Traducción" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B5lkimine" title="Tõlkimine – 愛沙尼亞文" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tõlkimine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="愛沙尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itzulpengintza" title="Itzulpengintza – 巴斯克文" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Itzulpengintza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87" title="ترجمه – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ترجمه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4%C3%A4nt%C3%A4minen" title="Kääntäminen – 芬蘭文" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kääntäminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traduction" title="Traduction – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Traduction" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auersaatang" title="Auersaatang – 北弗里西亞文" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Auersaatang" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traduzion" title="Traduzion – 弗留利文" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Traduzion" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oersetting" title="Oersetting – 西弗里西亞文" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Oersetting" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aistri%C3%BAch%C3%A1n" title="Aistriúchán – 愛爾蘭文" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aistriúchán" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="愛爾蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eadar-theangachadh" title="Eadar-theangachadh – 蘇格蘭蓋爾文" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Eadar-theangachadh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="蘇格蘭蓋爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traduci%C3%B3n" title="Tradución – 加里西亞文" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tradución" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91e%E2%80%99%E1%BA%BDasa" title="Ñe’ẽasa – 瓜拉尼文" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñe’ẽasa" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%95%D7%9D" title="תרגום – 希伯來文" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תרגום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="अनुवाद – 北印度文" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अनुवाद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="北印度文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anuwaad" title="Anuwaad – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Anuwaad" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevo%C4%91enje" title="Prevođenje – 克羅埃西亞文" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Prevođenje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradiksyon" title="Tradiksyon – 海地文" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Tradiksyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford%C3%ADt%C3%A1s" title="Fordítás – 匈牙利文" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fordítás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Թարգմանություն – 亞美尼亞文" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թարգմանություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亞美尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terjemahan" title="Terjemahan – 印尼文" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Terjemahan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panagipatarus" title="Panagipatarus – 伊洛闊文" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Panagipatarus" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛闊文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%BD%C3%B0ing" title="Þýðing – 冰島文" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Þýðing" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰島文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traduzione" title="Traduzione – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Traduzione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BF%BB%E8%A8%B3" title="翻訳 – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="翻訳" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Аударма – 哈薩克文" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Аударма" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈薩克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%B0" title="ಭಾಷಾಂತರ – 坎那達文" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭಾಷಾಂತರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="坎那達文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%88%EC%97%AD" title="번역 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="번역" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werger" title="Werger – 庫爾德文" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Werger" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="庫爾德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treylyans" title="Treylyans – 康瓦耳文" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Treylyans" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康瓦耳文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpretatio" title="Interpretatio – 拉丁文" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Interpretatio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traduzion" title="Traduzion – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Traduzion" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vert%C4%97jas" title="Vertėjas – 立陶宛文" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vertėjas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulko%C5%A1ana" title="Tulkošana – 拉脫維亞文" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tulkošana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脫維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Ётафтомась – 莫克沙文" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Ётафтомась" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="莫克沙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fandikan-teny" title="Fandikan-teny – 馬拉加什文" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fandikan-teny" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="馬拉加什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="正文"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Преведување – 馬其頓文" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Преведување" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="馬其頓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="വിവർത്തനം – 馬來亞拉姆文" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിവർത്തനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="馬來亞拉姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%87%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Орчуулга – 蒙古文" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Орчуулга" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%BD%E1%80%99%E1%80%80%E1%81%A0%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B2%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC" title="ပွမကၠာဲဘာသာ – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ပွမကၠာဲဘာသာ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="अनुवाद – 馬拉地文" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अनुवाद" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="馬拉地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penterjemahan" title="Penterjemahan – 馬來文" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penterjemahan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="馬來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traduzzjoni" title="Traduzzjoni – 馬爾他文" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Traduzzjoni" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="馬爾他文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Ютавтома – 厄爾茲亞文" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Ютавтома" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄爾茲亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96versetten" title="Översetten – 低地德文" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Översetten" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="अनुवाद – 尼瓦爾文" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अनुवाद" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fo%27ali" title="Fo'ali – 尼亞斯文" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Fo'ali" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="尼亞斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertalen" title="Vertalen – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vertalen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omsetjing" title="Omsetjing – 耐諾斯克挪威文" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Omsetjing" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="耐諾斯克挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oversettelse" title="Oversettelse – 巴克摩挪威文" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Oversettelse" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="巴克摩挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traduccion" title="Traduccion – 奧克西坦文" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Traduccion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奧克西坦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਅਨੁਵਾਦ – 旁遮普文" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਨੁਵਾਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erterduccion" title="Erterduccion – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Erterduccion" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%82umaczenie_(przek%C5%82ad)" title="Tłumaczenie (przekład) – 波蘭文" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tłumaczenie (przekład)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%81" title="ترجمہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ترجمہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%93%D9%87" title="ژباړه – 普什圖文" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ژباړه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什圖文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradu%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Tradução – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tradução" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimay_t%27ikray" title="Rimay t'ikray – 蓋楚瓦文" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rimay t'ikray" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="蓋楚瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traducere" title="Traducere – 羅馬尼亞文" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Traducere" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="羅馬尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Перевод – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Перевод" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4_(%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Переклад (языконаука) – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Переклад (языконаука)" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Тылбаас – 雅庫特文" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Тылбаас" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="雅庫特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ – 散塔利文" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="散塔利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88" title="ترجمو – 信德文" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ترجمو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevo%C4%91enje" title="Prevođenje – 塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Prevođenje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9B%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="ලිඛිත භාෂා පරිවර්තනය – 僧伽羅文" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ලිඛිත භාෂා පරිවර්තනය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation" title="Translation – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Translation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preklad_(jazykoveda)" title="Preklad (jazykoveda) – 斯洛伐克文" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Preklad (jazykoveda)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevajanje" title="Prevajanje – 斯洛維尼亞文" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Prevajanje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛維尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%27aliliuga" title="Fa'aliliuga – 薩摩亞文" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Fa'aliliuga" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="薩摩亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kushandura" title="Kushandura – 塞內加爾文" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Kushandura" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="塞內加爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ABrkthimi" title="Përkthimi – 阿爾巴尼亞文" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Përkthimi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿爾巴尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%92%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Превођење – 塞爾維亞文" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Превођење" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terjemahan" title="Terjemahan – 巽他文" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Terjemahan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96vers%C3%A4ttning" title="Översättning – 瑞典文" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Översättning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafsiri" title="Tafsiri – 史瓦希里文" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Tafsiri" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="史瓦希里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="மொழிபெயர்ப்பு – 坦米爾文" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மொழிபெயர்ப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="坦米爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%82" title="అనువాదం – 泰盧固文" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అనువాదం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰盧固文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%B7%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Тарҷума – 塔吉克文" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Тарҷума" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5" title="การแปล – 泰文" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การแปล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasalin" title="Pagsasalin – 塔加路族文" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pagsasalin" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="塔加路族文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87eviri" title="Çeviri – 土耳其文" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çeviri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuhundzuluxeri" title="Vuhundzuluxeri – 特松加文" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Vuhundzuluxeri" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="特松加文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%99%D1%80%D2%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D3%99" title="Тәрҗемә – 韃靼文" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тәрҗемә" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="韃靼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Переклад – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Переклад" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%81" title="ترجمہ – 烏都文" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ترجمہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="烏都文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarjima" title="Tarjima – 烏茲別克文" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tarjima" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="烏茲別克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradusion" title="Tradusion – 威尼斯文" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Tradusion" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E1%BB%8Bch_thu%E1%BA%ADt" title="Dịch thuật – 越南文" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dịch thuật" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratournaedje_(langue)" title="Ratournaedje (langue) – 瓦隆文" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Ratournaedje (langue)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paghubad" title="Paghubad – 瓦瑞文" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Paghubad" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91" title="翻译 – 吳語" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="翻译" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吳語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="მათანგალი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მათანგალი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%96%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92" title="איבערזעצונג – 意第緒文" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="איבערזעצונג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第緒文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoiz" title="Hoiz – 壯文" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Hoiz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%96%E2%B5%8D" title="ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ – 標準摩洛哥塔馬塞特文" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="標準摩洛哥塔馬塞特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91" title="翻译 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="翻译" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AD%AF" title="譯 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="譯" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoan-e%CC%8Dk" title="Hoan-e̍k – 閩南語" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hoan-e̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="閩南語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukuhumusha" title="Ukuhumusha – 祖魯文" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ukuhumusha" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖魯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7553#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="改跨語言拎" class="wbc-editpage">改拎</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="空間名"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF" title="睇吓內容頁[c]" accesskey="c"><span>文章</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF" rel="discussion" title="關於內容頁嘅討論[t]" accesskey="t"><span>討論</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="改語言變體" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">粵語</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="外觀"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF"><span>閱</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF&action=edit" title="改呢版嘅代碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>改</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF&action=history" title="呢一頁之前嘅修訂[h]" accesskey="h"><span>睇返紀錄</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="架撐" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">架撐</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">架撐</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">收埋</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="多啲選項" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 動作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF"><span>閱</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF&action=edit" title="改呢版嘅代碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>改</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF&action=history"><span>睇返紀錄</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 基本 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%82%8A%E5%BA%A6%E9%8F%88%E5%8E%BB%E5%91%A2%E7%89%88/%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF" title="列出所有連接過嚟呢度嘅頁面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>有乜連過嚟</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%A4%96%E9%8F%88%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9/%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF" rel="nofollow" title="由呢版連出去嘅版嘅最近修改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>連結頁嘅更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E8%BC%89" title="上載檔案[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上載檔案</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%B0%88%E9%96%80%E7%89%88" title="所有專門版一覽[q]" accesskey="q"><span>專門版</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF&oldid=2169380" title="呢版呢個修訂嘅永久網址"><span>固定連結</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF&action=info" title="多啲同呢版有拏褦嘅資料"><span>此版明細</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8&page=%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF&id=2169380&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="點樣引用呢頁嘅資訊"><span>引用呢篇文</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E7%25BF%25BB%25E8%25AD%25AF"><span>攞短網址</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E7%25BF%25BB%25E8%25AD%25AF"><span>下載QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/匯出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF&action=show-download-screen"><span>下載PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="呢一版印得嘅版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>印得嘅版本</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 第啲維基項目 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Translation" hreflang="en"><span>維基同享</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7553" title="連到接住資料儲存庫嘅項目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>維基數據項</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="閱讀設定"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">閱讀設定</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">收埋</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出自維基百科，自由嘅百科全書</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="yue" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jingangjing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Jingangjing.jpg/300px-Jingangjing.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Jingangjing.jpg/450px-Jingangjing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Jingangjing.jpg/600px-Jingangjing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4917" data-file-height="3438" /></a><figcaption>譯咗做<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="漢字">漢字</a>文章嘅《<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%89%9B%E7%B6%93" title="金剛經">金剛經</a>》</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone_BW.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Rosetta_Stone_BW.jpeg/300px-Rosetta_Stone_BW.jpeg" decoding="async" width="300" height="384" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Rosetta_Stone_BW.jpeg/450px-Rosetta_Stone_BW.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Rosetta_Stone_BW.jpeg/600px-Rosetta_Stone_BW.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1612" data-file-height="2066" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%A1%9E%E5%A1%94%E7%9F%B3%E7%A2%91" title="羅塞塔石碑">羅塞塔石碑</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>翻譯</b>（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B2%B5%E6%96%87%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="Wikipedia:粵文拼音">粵拼</a>：<span class="plainlinks" style="display:inline-block"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yue.forvo.com/word/yue/翻譯/#yue"><span>faan<span class="Jpingtone">1</span> jik<span class="Jpingtone">6</span></span></a></span>）係指將一段<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="語言">語言</a>由一種語言轉換成第種語言來解釋。翻譯有講又有寫，講出來叫做<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E8%AD%AF" title="口譯">口譯</a>（好多時係講嘢嘅人一路講，側邊企咗個口譯員喺度即場做口譯），寫出來叫做<b>筆譯</b>。翻譯係當人哋唔識聽嗰種語言先要用。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="定位"><span id=".E5.AE.9A.E4.BD.8D"></span>定位</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF&action=edit&section=1" title="編輯小節: 定位"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">睇埋：<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="語言">語言</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A" title="通訊">通訊</a></div> <p>响最<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%BD%E8%B1%A1%E5%8C%96" title="抽象化">抽象化</a>（咩細節都唔諗住）嘅層面，翻譯呢樣工作嘅過程如下<sup id="cite_ref-kelly_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kelly-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>： </p> <table align="center" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent; margin: 5px auto;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" style="width:20px; color:#B2B7F2; font-size:40px; font-family:Elephant,'Times New Roman',serif; font-weight:bold; text-align:left; padding:10px 10px;">「 </td> <td><div style="display: table-cell; text-align: left; padding: 1em; vertical-align: middle;">攞 <a href="/wiki/Input" class="mw-redirect" title="Input">input</a>：來源語言嘅一段字；<br /> 畀 <a href="/wiki/Output" class="mw-redirect" title="Output">output</a>：用目標語言表達（寫或者講出嚟）嘅一段字，依段 output 响<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="語義">意思</a>上要同段 input 一樣；</div> </td> <td valign="bottom" style="width:20px; color:#B2B7F2; font-size:40px; font-family:Elephant,'Times New Roman',serif; font-weight:bold; text-align:right; padding:10px 10px;">」 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>依個過程就噉望落好似好簡單噉，但實際上幾難搞。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="語義"><span id=".E8.AA.9E.E7.BE.A9"></span>語義</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF&action=edit&section=2" title="編輯小節: 語義"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">睇埋：<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="語義">語義</a></div> <p>首先，想像家吓要做<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87" title="英文">英</a>到<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E6%9D%B1%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="廣東話">粵</a>翻譯，要將以下嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A5%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="句子">句子</a>譯做<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E6%96%87" title="粵文">粵文</a><sup id="cite_ref-Bateman92_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bateman92-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>： </p> <dl><dd><b>I am eating the pasta that mom made.</b></dd> <dd>原則上應該譯做：<b>我食緊阿媽煮嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%BC%8F%E9%BA%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="意式麵">意式麵</a>。</b></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E8%AD%AF" title="直譯">直譯</a>（direct translation）係最原始嗰隻做法，將 input 入面嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="字">字</a>或者<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="短語">短語</a>遂隻遂隻變做目標語言入面「對應」嘅字同短語，然後畀 output： </p> <dl><dd><b>I → 我，am eating → 食緊，the → 嗰，pasta → 意式麵，that → 嗰個，mom → 阿媽，made → 整</b></dd> <dd>Output：<b>我食緊嗰意式麵嗰個阿媽整。</b></dd></dl> <p>－依段 output 明顯<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E7%84%A1%E5%80%AB%E6%AC%A1" title="語無倫次">九唔答八</a>。 </p><p>進一步啲諗可以噉：翻譯員可以考慮到「唔同語言喺<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95" title="文法">文法</a>上有差異」依樣事實。舉個例，唔同語言<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E5%BA%8F" title="語序">語序</a>可以好唔同，有啲語言－好似係廣東話同英文－興用 <a href="/wiki/SVO_%E5%9E%8B" title="SVO 型">SVO 型</a>嘅句子，而又有啲語言－好似係<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="日本話">日本話</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E7%88%BE%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="尼泊爾話">尼泊爾話</a>噉－就興用 <a href="/wiki/SOV_%E5%9E%8B" title="SOV 型">SOV 型</a>嘅句子；另一方面，英文興將一句<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%A5" title="關係子句">關係子句</a>擺喺句嘢褦住嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E8%A9%9E" title="名詞">名詞</a><b>後面</b>，而相比之下，廣東話通常會將啲噉嘅子句褦喺隻名詞<b>前面</b><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，即係話 </p> <dl><dd><b>... the pasta that mom made.</b></dd> <dd>－<b>mom made</b>（<b>阿媽整</b>）係一句關係子句，描述緊 <b>the pasta</b>（<b>啲意式麵</b>）；</dd> <dd>但<b>阿媽整嘅意式麵</b>喺廣東話度聽落會比較似自然嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E8%A9%9E%E7%9F%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="名詞短語">名詞短語</a>。</dd></dl> <p>由上述例子睇得出，要將源文段字嘅意思完全噉解讀嗮出嚟，翻譯員實要分析嗮成段字嘅特徵<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>：成個過程會要求翻譯員詳細了解隻語言嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95" title="文法">文法</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="語義">語義</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A5%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="句法">句法</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%85%A3%E7%94%A8%E8%AA%9E" title="慣用語">慣用語</a>，甚至係講嗰隻語言嗰班人嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="文化">文化</a>。同一道理，翻譯員亦都要對佢隻目標語言有咁上下認識<sup id="cite_ref-kelly_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kelly-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242160">.mw-parser-output .gallery-mod{background:transparent;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .gallery-mod-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .gallery-mod-title{text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .gallery-mod-box{float:left;border-collapse:collapse;margin:3px}.mw-parser-output .gallery-mod-box .thumb{border:1px solid #ccc;background-color:#F8F8F8;padding:0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output tr.gallery-mod-text{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output tr.gallery-mod-text .core{display:block;font-size:small;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .gallery-mod-text .caption{line-height:1.25em;padding:6px 6px 1px 6px;margin:0;border:none;border-width:0}.mw-parser-output .gallery-mod-footer{text-align:right;font-size:80%;line-height:1em}</style><table class="gallery-mod gallery-mod-center"><tbody><tr><td><table class="gallery-mod-box" style="width:520px"><tbody><tr><td class="thumb" style="height:350px"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stir_Fried_Wikipedia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="依個簡體中文餐牌譯到鬼五馬六。事實表明，如果做翻譯嘅人對目標語言完全冇認識，出嘅 output 好多時令人啼笑皆非。"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Stir_Fried_Wikipedia.jpg/495px-Stir_Fried_Wikipedia.jpg" decoding="async" width="495" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Stir_Fried_Wikipedia.jpg/743px-Stir_Fried_Wikipedia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Stir_Fried_Wikipedia.jpg/990px-Stir_Fried_Wikipedia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>依個<a href="/wiki/%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="簡體中文">簡體中文</a>餐牌譯到鬼五馬六。事實表明，如果做翻譯嘅人對目標語言完全冇認識，出嘅 output 好多時令人啼笑皆非。</figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="gallery-mod-text"><td class="core"><div class="caption" style="min-height:3.1em;width:507px">依個<a href="/wiki/%E7%B0%A1%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="簡體中文">簡體中文</a>餐牌譯到鬼五馬六。事實表明，如果做翻譯嘅人對目標語言完全冇認識，出嘅 output 好多時令人啼笑皆非。 </div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="概念"><span id=".E6.A6.82.E5.BF.B5"></span>概念</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF&action=edit&section=3" title="編輯小節: 概念"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">睇埋：<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="語言類型學">語言類型學</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="不可譯"><span id=".E4.B8.8D.E5.8F.AF.E8.AD.AF"></span>不可譯</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF&action=edit&section=4" title="編輯小節: 不可譯"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">内文：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E8%AD%AF" title="不可譯">不可譯</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E8%AD%AF" title="不可譯">不可譯</a>（untranslatable）係做翻譯嗰陣時不時撞到嘅一個問題，指目標語言入面冇字可以對應來源語言嗰隻字。 </p><p>例如廿一世紀初嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87" title="德文">德文</a>入面有隻噉嘅字<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><b>Kummerspeck</b>（<small>德文讀音： </small><span title="以IPA表示發音" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87%E5%98%85%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99%E8%AE%80%E9%9F%B3" title="Help:德文嘅國際音標讀音">[ˈku mɜrˌʃpɛk]</a></span>），<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E8%A9%9E" title="名詞">名詞</a>，意思係指一個人因為有排<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92%E4%BD%8E%E8%90%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="情緒低落">情緒低落</a>喺度勁食嘢而增加咗嘅<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%94%E9%87%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="體重">體重</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</dd> <dd>用法：「我早排考試衰咗就勁喺度食<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%AA%E7%B3%95" title="雪糕">雪糕</a>，而家啲 Kummerspeck 減唔返。點算好？」</dd></dl> <p>呢隻噉嘅字喺同期嘅廣東話或者英文入面並冇對應，一個廿一世紀初嘅粵人或者<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E5%9C%88" title="英文圈">英系白人</a>可以理解到個概念，但佢哋語言搵唔到隻字去對應 <b>Kummerspeck</b>，所以如果（例如）有人想將一本用<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87" title="德文">德文</a>寫嘅<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E7%AF%87%E5%B0%8F%E8%AA%AA" title="長篇小說">長篇小說</a>翻譯做粵文或者英文，撞到 <b>Kummerspeck</b> 呢隻字嗰陣就好可能會覺得「唔知點譯好」<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="語境"><span id=".E8.AA.9E.E5.A2.83"></span>語境</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF&action=edit&section=5" title="編輯小節: 語境"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">内文：<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E5%A2%83" title="語境">語境</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="歧義"><span id=".E6.AD.A7.E7.BE.A9"></span>歧義</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF&action=edit&section=6" title="編輯小節: 歧義"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">内文：<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A7%E7%BE%A9" title="歧義">歧義</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="選詞"><span id=".E9.81.B8.E8.A9.9E"></span>選詞</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF&action=edit&section=7" title="編輯小節: 選詞"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">睇埋：<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E5%BA%AB" title="詞庫">詞庫</a></div> <p>翻譯員成日都會諗字詞嘅選擇。舉例說明，想像依家要將<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="聖經">聖經</a>譯做<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E6%96%87" title="粵文">粵文</a>，以下係《<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E5%8A%A0%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3" title="路加福音">路加福音</a>》第六章其中一截嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E7%89%88%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="新國際版聖經">新國際版</a>： </p> <dl><dd><b>Luke 6:37</b> "Do not judge, and you will not be judged. Do not condemn, and you will not be condemned. Forgive, and you will be forgiven."</dd></dl> <p>如果要將段嘢翻做粵文，有最少兩個可能譯法： </p> <dl><dd><table style="border:0px solid black"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:4em"><b>版本</b></td> <td><b>句子</b><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>粵一</td> <td>切勿評斷人，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%9D" title="上帝">上帝</a>就唔會評斷你哋；切勿定人罪，上帝就唔會定你哋罪；饒恕人，上帝就會饒恕你哋。 </td></tr> <tr> <td>粵二</td> <td>唔好評斷人，上帝就唔會評斷你哋；唔好定人罪，上帝就唔會定你哋罪；原諒人，上帝就會原諒你哋。 </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <p>原則上，上面兩段嘢都算係<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E6%96%87" title="粵文">粵文</a>，兩句都合乎粵語嘅文法同用詞，但係<b>粵一</b>版本用咗<b>切勿</b>等比較<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="文言">文言</a>化或者「正經」嘅用法<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，而<b>粵二</b>版本就用咗一啲比較「平易近人」嘅用法<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。有關呢種爭議，有<a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="翻譯家">翻譯家</a>主張選詞要取決於<b>受眾特性</b>，例如攞嚟畀細路或者一般大眾睇嘅聖經，就可能用「平易近人」嘅翻譯法會比較適合<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="AI_技術"><span id="AI_.E6.8A.80.E8.A1.93"></span>AI 技術</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF&action=edit&section=8" title="編輯小節: AI 技術"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">内文：<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF" title="機械翻譯">機械翻譯</a></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">睇埋：<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E8%99%95%E7%90%86" title="自然語言處理">自然語言處理</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF" title="機械翻譯">機械翻譯</a>（MT）係指緊「教 <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD" title="人工智能">AI</a> 自動做翻譯」嘅工作。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="睇埋"><span id=".E7.9D.87.E5.9F.8B"></span>睇埋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF&action=edit&section=9" title="編輯小節: 睇埋"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%9F%E8%A9%9E" title="借詞">借詞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E5%B9%95" title="字幕">字幕</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duolingo" title="Duolingo">Duolingo</a></li></ul> <div style="clear: both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="註釋"><span id=".E8.A8.BB.E9.87.8B"></span>註釋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF&action=edit&section=10" title="編輯小節: 註釋"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2020813">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">可以睇埋<a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%87%E5%90%88%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86" title="複合原理">複合原理</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B5%E7%99%BC" title="創發">創發</a>嘅概念。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">呢度嘅翻譯，亦顧及到<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E" title="粵語">粵語</a>等嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語">漢語</a>比較傾向直接使用<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E5%8B%95%E8%AA%9E%E6%85%8B" title="主動語態">主動語態</a>。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">可以睇睇《<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%A3%E6%9D%B1%E8%A9%B1%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="新廣東話聖經">新廣東話聖經</a>》。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">但呢啲用法可能<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E8%AA%9E" title="口語">口語</a>好少可會講，甚至根本唔會講。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="引述"><span id=".E5.BC.95.E8.BF.B0"></span>引述</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF&action=edit&section=11" title="編輯小節: 引述"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2020813"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-kelly-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-kelly_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-kelly_1-1">1.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Kelly, Nataly; Zetzsche, Jost (2012). <i>Found in Translation: How Language Shapes Our Lives and Transforms the World</i>. TarcherPerigee.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bateman92-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bateman92_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bateman, J. A. (1992). Towards Meaning-Based Machine Translation: using abstractions from text generation for preserving meaning. <i>Machine translation</i>, 7, 5-40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chan, A., Matthews, S., Tse, N., Lam, A., Chang, F., & Kidd, E. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.679008/full">Revisiting Subject-Object Asymmetry in the Production of Cantonese Relative Clauses: Evidence From Elicited Production in 3-Year-Olds</a>. <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>, 5738.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Levine, Suzanne; Lateef-Jan, Katie (2018). <i>Untranslatability Goes Global</i>. New York: Taylor & Francis. p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/kummerspeck">Kummerspeck</a>. <i>Dictionary.com</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehoneycombers.com/hong-kong/cantonese-concepts-impossible-to-translate-to-english/">These eight Cantonese concepts are virtually impossible to translate into English</a>. <i>Honeycombers</i>，呢篇文提到 8 隻難以譯做英文嘅廣東話字詞－<b>唔該 vs 多謝</b>、<b>肉緊</b>、<b>膠</b>、<b>收兵</b>、<b>捩咁棄</b>... 呀噉。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://words.hk/zidin/%E5%88%87%E5%8B%BF">「切勿」</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E5%85%B8" title="粵典">粵典</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/versions/International-Childrens-Bible-ICB/">International Children's Bible (ICB) - Version Information - BibleGateway.com</a>". www.biblegateway.com. Retrieved 2019-04-11.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="拎"><span id=".E6.8B.8E"></span>拎</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF&action=edit&section=12" title="編輯小節: 拎"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E5%90%8C%E4%BA%AB" title="維基同享">維基同享</a>中有關<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Translation" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Translation">翻譯</a>嘅資源類</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="社會語言學" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8" title="Template:社會語言學"><abbr title="去睇呢個模" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">睇</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:社會語言學 (無呢版)"><abbr title="傾呢個模" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">傾</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8&action=edit"><abbr title="編輯呢個模" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">改</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="社會語言學" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8" title="社會語言學">社會語言學</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="「語言係點樣同社會各部份互相影響嘅呢？」">「<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="語言">語言</a>係點樣同<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83" title="社會">社會</a>各部份互相影響嘅呢？」</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b>概念</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E9%AB%94_(%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8)" title="變體 (語言學)">變體</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="方言">方言</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E9%80%9A%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%A6" title="互通程度">互通程度</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%B8%B8%E5%8F%A3%E8%AA%9E" title="日常口語">日常口語</a></li> <li>語言<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%BC%94%E8%AE%8A" title="語言演變">演變</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%8E%A5%E8%A7%B8" title="語言接觸">接觸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%8B%E4%BA%BA%E8%A9%B1" title="個人話">個人話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E9%9F%B3" title="口音">口音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E5%9F%9F" title="語域">語域</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E8%AA%9E%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1" title="多語現象">多語現象</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E7%A2%BC%E8%BD%89%E6%8F%9B" title="語碼轉換">語碼轉換</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%9F%E8%A9%9E" title="借詞">借詞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macaronic" title="Macaronic">Macaronic</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E8%AA%9E" title="通用語">通用語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="標準方言">標準方言</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%A8%81%E6%9C%9B" title="語言威望">威望</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E5%B1%A4%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="雙層語言">雙層</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%BB%85%E4%BA%A1" title="語言滅亡">語言滅亡</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%A4%E6%AC%A1_(%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8)" title="層次 (語言學)">層次</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%8B%E6%B6%87%E6%B5%9C" title="洋涇浜">洋涇浜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%86%E5%95%A6%E5%92%AA%E5%92%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="唆啦咪咪">唆啦咪咪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E8%AA%9E%E9%9B%99%E9%97%9C%E8%A9%B1" title="雙語雙關話">雙語 pun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%A4%E8%81%BD" title="誤聽">誤聽</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">翻譯</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%AD%AF" title="音譯">音譯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%AF" title="意譯">意譯</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E7%BE%A9%E5%B0%8D%E6%87%89%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF" title="音義對應翻譯">音義對應</a>）</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_ideology" class="extiw" title="en:Language ideology">語言意識形態</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E8%A9%B1%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="對話分析">對話分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E7%94%A8%E5%AD%B8" title="語用學">語用學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%8F%E8%BF%B0%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8" title="描述語言學">描述</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%8F%E7%AF%84%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8" title="規範語言學">規範</a>語言學</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b>相關領域</b><br /> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8" title="語言學">語言學</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" title="社會學">社會學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%8D%E7%9F%A5%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8" title="認知語言學">認知語言學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8" title="歷史語言學">歷史語言學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="語言人類學">語言人類學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" 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