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class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-PCX_image_formats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PCX_image_formats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>PCX image formats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PCX_image_formats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PCX_file_format" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PCX_file_format"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>PCX file format</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-PCX_file_format-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle PCX file format subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-PCX_file_format-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Image_data_layout" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Image_data_layout"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Image data layout</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Image_data_layout-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Image_data_compression" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Image_data_compression"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Image data compression</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Image_data_compression-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Color_palette" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Color_palette"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Color palette</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Color_palette-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown 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Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCX" title="PCX – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="PCX" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC_Paintbrush_File_Format" title="PC Paintbrush File Format – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="PC Paintbrush File Format" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picture_exchange" title="Picture exchange – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Picture exchange" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCX" title="PCX – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="PCX" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCX" title="PCX – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="PCX" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCX" title="PCX – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="PCX" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCX" title="PCX – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="PCX" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCX" title="PCX – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="PCX" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCX" title="PCX – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="PCX" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCX" title="PCX – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="PCX" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCX" title="PCX – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="PCX" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCX" title="PCX – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="PCX" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCX" title="PCX – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="PCX" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCX" title="PCX – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="PCX" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/PiCture_eXchange" title="PiCture eXchange – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="PiCture eXchange" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCX" title="PCX – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="PCX" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picture_exchange" title="Picture exchange – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Picture exchange" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCX" title="PCX – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="PCX" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCX" title="PCX – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="PCX" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCX" title="PCX – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="PCX" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q535473#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Image file format</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the image file format. For the stock exchange, see <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Exchange" title="Pacific Exchange">Pacific Exchange</a>. For the motorcycle, see <a href="/wiki/Honda_PCX" title="Honda PCX">Honda PCX</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="padding-bottom: 0.15em;">PCX</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Filename_extension" title="Filename extension">Filename extension</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><div class="monospaced"> .pcx</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Media_type" title="Media type">Internet media type</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><code>image/vnd.zbrush.pcx</code>, <code>image/x-pcx</code> (deprecated)<sup id="cite_ref-iana_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iana-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;">Developed by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;">ZSoft Corporation</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;">1985<span class="noprint">; 40 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1985</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Latest release</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">5<br />1991<span class="noprint">; 34 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1991</span>)</span> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;">Type of format</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><a href="/wiki/Lossless_data_compression" class="mw-redirect" title="Lossless data compression">Lossless</a> <a href="/wiki/Bitmap" title="Bitmap">bitmap</a> <a href="/wiki/Graphics_file_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphics file format">image format</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>PCX</b>, standing for <i>PiCture eXchange</i>, is an <a href="/wiki/Graphics_file_formats" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphics file formats">image file format</a> developed by the now-defunct ZSoft Corporation of <a href="/wiki/Marietta,_Georgia" title="Marietta, Georgia">Marietta, Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. It was the native file format for <a href="/wiki/PC_Paintbrush" title="PC Paintbrush">PC Paintbrush</a> and became one of the first widely accepted <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">DOS</a> imaging standards, although it has since been succeeded by more sophisticated image formats, such as <a href="/wiki/BMP_file_format" title="BMP file format">BMP</a>, <a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Portable_Network_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Network Graphics">PNG</a>. PCX files commonly store palette-indexed images ranging from 2 or 4 colors to 16 and 256 colors, although the format has been extended to record true-color (24-bit) images as well.<sup id="cite_ref-pcx_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pcx-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="PCX_image_formats">PCX image formats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PCX&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: PCX image formats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>PCX was designed during the early development of PC display hardware and most of the formats it supported are no longer used. The table below shows a list of the most commonly used PCX formats. Contemporary image editing programs may not read PCX files that match older hardware. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Common PCX Image Formats<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Bit Depth</th> <th>Planes</th> <th>Number of Colors </th></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>1</td> <td>16 colors from a palette </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>1</td> <td>256 colors from a palette </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>1</td> <td>256 shades of gray </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>4096 colors with 16 levels of transparency </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>3</td> <td>16.7 million, 24-bit "true color" </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>4</td> <td>16.7 million with 256 levels of transparency </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>2 colors monochrome (1-Bit) (Win 3.1 Paintbrush) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>4</td> <td>16 colors RGBi (4-Bit) in 4 planes (Win 3.1 Paintbrush) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>PCX is supported by common image processing software including <a href="/wiki/ACDSee" title="ACDSee">ACDSee</a>, <a href="/wiki/FastStone" class="mw-redirect" title="FastStone">FastStone</a>, <a href="/wiki/GIMP" title="GIMP">GIMP</a>, <a href="/wiki/ImageMagick" title="ImageMagick">ImageMagick</a>, <a href="/wiki/IrfanView" title="IrfanView">IrfanView</a>, <a href="/wiki/LView" title="LView">LView</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netpbm" title="Netpbm">Netpbm</a>, <a href="/wiki/PaintShop_Pro" title="PaintShop Pro">PaintShop Pro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Photoshop_Elements" class="mw-redirect" title="Photoshop Elements">Photoshop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Visio" title="Microsoft Visio">Visio</a>, <a href="/wiki/PMview" class="mw-redirect" title="PMview">PMview</a>, <a href="/wiki/XnView" title="XnView">XnView</a> and <a href="/wiki/GraphicConverter" title="GraphicConverter">GraphicConverter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In version 2.1.4 <a href="/wiki/FFmpeg" title="FFmpeg">FFmpeg</a> could encode and decode the PCX pixel formats <i>rgb24, rgb8, bgr8, rgb4_byte, bgr4_byte, gray, pal8,</i> and <i>monob</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is a multi-page version of PCX, used by some computer <a href="/wiki/Fax" title="Fax">fax</a> and document management programs, with file extension <code>.dcx</code>. A DCX file consists of a header introducing a set of following PCX files.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="PCX_file_format">PCX file format</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PCX&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: PCX file format"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>PCX files were designed for use on IBM-compatible PCs and always use <a href="/wiki/Endianness" title="Endianness">little endian</a> byte ordering. A PCX file has three main sections, in the following order </p> <ol><li>128-byte header</li> <li>image data</li> <li>(optional) 256-color palette</li></ol> <p>The PCX file header contains an identifier byte (value 10), a version number, image dimensions, 16 palette colors, number color planes, bit depth of each plane, and a value for compression method. PCX version numbers range from 0 to 5, this originally denoted the version of the <a href="/wiki/PC_Paintbrush" title="PC Paintbrush">PC Paintbrush</a> program used to create the PCX file. The header always has space for 16 colors though the number of colors used depends upon the bit depth of the image.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (January 2015)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The header is composed of 18 fields:<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pcx_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pcx-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Offset hex </th> <th>Offset dec </th> <th>Size </th> <th>Purpose </th></tr> <tr> <td>00</td> <td>0 </td> <td>1 byte </td> <td>The fixed <a href="/wiki/File_format#Magic_number" title="File format">header field</a> valued at a <a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">hexadecimal</a> <code>0x0A</code> (= 10 in decimal). </td></tr> <tr> <td>01</td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 byte </td> <td>The version number referring to the Paintbrush software release, which might be: <dl><dt>0</dt> <dd>PC Paintbrush version 2.5 using a fixed EGA palette</dd> <dt>2</dt> <dd>PC Paintbrush version 2.8 using a modifiable EGA palette</dd> <dt>3</dt> <dd>PC Paintbrush version 2.8 using no palette</dd> <dt>4</dt> <dd>PC Paintbrush for Windows</dd> <dt>5</dt> <dd>PC Paintbrush version 3.0, including 24-bit images</dd></dl> </td></tr> <tr> <td>02</td> <td>2 </td> <td>1 byte </td> <td>The method used for encoding the image data. Can be: <dl><dt>0</dt> <dd>No encoding (rarely used)</dd> <dt>1</dt> <dd>Run-length encoding (RLE)</dd></dl> </td></tr> <tr> <td>03</td> <td>3 </td> <td>1 byte </td> <td>The number of bits constituting one plane. Most often 1, 2, 4 or 8. </td></tr> <tr> <td>04</td> <td>4 </td> <td>2 bytes </td> <td>The minimum x co-ordinate of the image position. </td></tr> <tr> <td>06</td> <td>6 </td> <td>2 bytes </td> <td>The minimum y co-ordinate of the image position. </td></tr> <tr> <td>08</td> <td>8 </td> <td>2 bytes </td> <td>The maximum x co-ordinate of the image position. </td></tr> <tr> <td>0A</td> <td>10 </td> <td>2 bytes </td> <td>The maximum y co-ordinate of the image position. </td></tr> <tr> <td>0C</td> <td>12 </td> <td>2 bytes </td> <td>The horizontal image resolution in DPI. </td></tr> <tr> <td>0E</td> <td>14 </td> <td>2 bytes </td> <td>The vertical image resolution in DPI. </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>16 </td> <td>48 bytes </td> <td>The EGA palette for 16-color images. </td></tr> <tr> <td>40</td> <td>64 </td> <td>1 byte </td> <td>The first reserved field, usually set to zero. </td></tr> <tr> <td>41</td> <td>65 </td> <td>1 byte </td> <td>The number of color planes constituting the pixel data. Mostly chosen to be 1, 3, or 4. </td></tr> <tr> <td>42</td> <td>66 </td> <td>2 bytes </td> <td>The number of bytes of one color plane representing a single scan line. </td></tr> <tr> <td>44</td> <td>68 </td> <td>2 bytes </td> <td>The mode in which to construe the palette: <dl><dt>1</dt> <dd>The palette contains monochrome or color information</dd> <dt>2</dt> <dd>The palette contains grayscale information</dd></dl> </td></tr> <tr> <td>46</td> <td>70 </td> <td>2 bytes </td> <td>The horizontal resolution of the source system's screen. </td></tr> <tr> <td>48</td> <td>72 </td> <td>2 bytes </td> <td>The vertical resolution of the source system's screen. </td></tr> <tr> <td>4A</td> <td>74 </td> <td>54 bytes </td> <td>The second reserved field, intended for future extensions, and usually set to zero bytes. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>All PCX files use the same compression scheme and the compression value is always 1. No other values have been defined and there are no uncompressed PCX files. One source claims that 0 (uncompressed) is <i>allowed, but not much software supports it</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Image_data_layout">Image data layout</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PCX&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Image data layout"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>PCX image data is stored in rows or scan lines in top-down order. If the image has multiple planes, these are stored by plane within row, such that all the red data for row 0 are followed by all the green data for row 0, then all the blue data, then alpha data. This pattern is repeated for each line as shown in the next table: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>PCX Image Data Arranged into Color Planes </caption> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" width="60" rowspan="4">Row 0 </td> <td align="center" style="background:#ffafaf;font-family: monospace">R R R R R R R R R </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#afffaf;font-family: monospace">G G G G G G G G G </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#afafff;font-family: monospace">B B B B B B B B B </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#cfcfcf;font-family: monospace">A A A A A A A A A </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" rowspan="4">Row 1 </td> <td align="center" style="background:#ffafaf;font-family: monospace">R R R R R R R R R </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#afffaf;font-family: monospace">G G G G G G G G G </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#afafff;font-family: monospace">B B B B B B B B B </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#cfcfcf;font-family: monospace">A A A A A A A A A </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="height:64px">Row 2 etc.</td> <td align="center">.... </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>When an image is less than 8 bits per pixel, each line is padded to the next even byte boundary.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, if an image has 1 plane of 1-bit data (monochrome) with a width of 22 pixels, each row will be 4 bytes long, having 32 bits per row with 10 bits unused. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Image_data_compression">Image data compression</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PCX&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Image data compression"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/PCX" title="Special:EditPage/PCX">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>PCX image data are compressed using <a href="/wiki/Run-length_encoding" title="Run-length encoding">run-length encoding</a> (RLE), a simple <a href="/wiki/Lossless_compression" title="Lossless compression">lossless compression</a> algorithm that collapses a series of three or more consecutive bytes with identical values into a two-byte pair. The two most-significant bits of a byte are used to determine whether the given data represent a single <a href="/wiki/Pixel" title="Pixel">pixel</a> of a given palette index or color value, or an RLE pair representing a series of several pixels of a single value: </p> <ol><li>If both bits are 1, the byte is interpreted as the run length. This leaves 6 bits for the actual run length value, a range of 0-63.</li> <li>In any other case, the byte is interpreted as a single pixel value. This leaves all values for which bit #7 and bit #8 are not 1 at the same time. This allows all values under 192 to be encoded in a single byte.</li></ol> <p>Due to the use of the two most-significant bits as flags, pixel values from 192 to 255 (with their most-significant bit already set) must be stored in an RLE byte pair, even when they only occur one or two pixels in succession, whereas color indexes 0 to 191 can be stored directly or in RLE byte pairs (whichever is more space-efficient); therefore, the actual compression ratio could be optimized with proper sorting of palette entries, though this is not feasible where the file must share its color palette with other images. For example, a palette could be optimized with the most commonly used colors occurring in palette positions 0 to 191 and the least common colors allocated to the remaining quarter of the palette. </p><p>Another inefficiency with the RLE algorithm is that it is possible to store chunks with a length of 0, which allows whitespace in the file. This allowed PCX files to be decompressed slightly faster<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Please clarify the preceding statement or statements with a good explanation from a reliable source. (January 2024)">how?</span></a></i>]</sup> on the processors it was originally intended for.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Category:All_self-contradictory_articles" title="Category:All self-contradictory articles"><span title="So is it an inefficiency or an optimization for the intended target? (January 2024)">contradictory</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The PCX compression algorithm requires very little processor power or memory to apply, a significant concern with computer systems when it was designed. Compression algorithms used by newer image formats are more efficient when compressing images such as photographs, and <a href="/wiki/Dithering" class="mw-redirect" title="Dithering">dithered</a> or otherwise complex graphics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Color_palette">Color palette</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PCX&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Color palette"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A PCX file has space in its header for a 16 color palette. When 256-color VGA hardware became available there was not enough space for the palette in a PCX file; even the 54 unused bytes after the header would not be enough. The solution chosen was to put the palette at the end of the file, along with a marker byte to confirm its existence. </p><p>If a PCX file has a 256-color palette, it is found 768 bytes from the end of the file. In this case the value in the byte preceding the palette should be 12 (0x0C). The palette is stored as a sequence of RGB triples; its usable length is defined by the number of colors in the image. Color values in a PCX palette always use 8 bits, regardless of the bit depth of the image. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PCX&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-iana-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iana_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">.pcx <a href="/wiki/MIME" title="MIME">MIME</a> type not <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/media-types.xhtml#image">registered</a> at <a href="/wiki/Internet_Assigned_Numbers_Authority" title="Internet Assigned Numbers Authority">IANA</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pcx-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pcx_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pcx_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJames_D._MurrayWilliam_vanRyper1996" class="citation book cs1">James D. Murray; William vanRyper (April 1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mac_Graphics_File_Formats_Second_Edition_1996"><i>Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats, Second Edition</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/O%27Reilly_Media" title="O'Reilly Media">O'Reilly</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56592-161-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-56592-161-5"><bdi>1-56592-161-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bespin.org/~qz/pc-gpe/pcx.txt">the original</a> on 2014-03-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-03-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ZSoft+PCX+File+Format+Technical+Reference+Manual&rft.pub=ZSoft+Corporation&rft.date=1991&rft.au=Dean+Ansley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbespin.org%2F~qz%2Fpc-gpe%2Fpcx.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APCX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shikadi.net/moddingwiki/PCX_Format">"PCX Format"</a>. ModdingWiki. 2012-06-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="Netpbm">PBM/PGM/PPM/PNM</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">PCX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Graphics_File" title="Progressive Graphics File">PGF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PICtor_PIC_image_format" title="PICtor PIC image format">PICtor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PNG" title="PNG">PNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Photoshop#PSD" title="Adobe Photoshop">PSD/PSB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PaintShop_Pro" title="PaintShop Pro">PSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QOI_(image_format)" title="QOI (image format)">QOI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime_VR" title="QuickTime VR">QTVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Raster" title="Sun Raster">RAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RGBE_image_format" title="RGBE image format">RGBE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Logluv_TIFF" title="Logluv TIFF">Logluv TIFF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Graphics_Image" title="Silicon Graphics Image">SGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truevision_TGA" title="Truevision TGA">TGA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_Image_File_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag Image File Format">TIFF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TIFF/EP" title="TIFF/EP">TIFF/EP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_Image_File_Format#TIFF/IT" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag Image File Format">TIFF/IT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulead_PhotoImpact" title="Ulead PhotoImpact">UFO/UFP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol_Bitmap_Format" title="Wireless Application Protocol Bitmap Format">WBMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebP" title="WebP">WebP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_BitMap" title="X BitMap">XBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XCF_(file_format)" title="XCF (file format)">XCF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_PixMap" title="X PixMap">XPM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xwd" title="Xwd">XWD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Raw_image_format" title="Raw image format">Raw</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camera_Image_File_Format" title="Camera Image File Format">CIFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Negative" title="Digital Negative">DNG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vector_graphics" title="Vector graphics">Vector</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Illustrator_Artwork" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Illustrator Artwork">AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CorelDRAW#CDR_file_format" title="CorelDRAW">CDR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Graphics_Metafile" title="Computer Graphics Metafile">CGM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoCAD_DXF" title="AutoCAD DXF">DXF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Metafile" class="mw-redirect" title="Enhanced Metafile">EMF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMF%2B" 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computable_Document_Format" title="Computable Document Format">CDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DjVu" title="DjVu">DjVu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encapsulated_PostScript" title="Encapsulated PostScript">EPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MODCA" title="MODCA">MODCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PICT" title="PICT">PICT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PostScript" title="PostScript">PS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SWF" title="SWF">SWF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_Application_Markup_Language" title="Extensible Application Markup Language">XAML</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">Metadata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Exchangeable image file format (<a 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