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href="/web/20171010062626cs_/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.thumbnail.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cmediawiki.legacy.commonPrint%2Cshared%7Cmediawiki.sectionAnchor%7Cmediawiki.skinning.interface%7Cskins.vector.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector"/> <script async="" src="/web/20171010062626js_/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&skin=vector"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/web/20171010062626cs_/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=ext.gadget.charinsert-styles&only=styles&skin=vector"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/web/20171010062626cs_/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector"/> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.30.0-wmf.19"/> <meta 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srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Padlock-silver.svg/30px-Padlock-silver.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Padlock-silver.svg/40px-Padlock-silver.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"/></a></div> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Wikipedia:No original research</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> <div id="contentSub"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump"> Jump to: <a href="#mw-head">navigation</a>, <a href="#p-search">search</a> </div> <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WP:NOR" and "WP:PRIMARY" redirect here. For the Norway WikiProject, see <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Norway" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Norway">Wikipedia:WikiProject Norway</a>. For information on primary topics, see <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation">Wikipedia:Disambiguation</a>.</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For raising issues with specific articles, see <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research/Noticeboard" title="Wikipedia:No original research/Noticeboard">the no original research noticeboard</a>.</div> <table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="Green check.svg" src="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/30px-Green_check.svg.png" width="30" height="30" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/45px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/60px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"/></td> <td class="mbox-text"> <div style="padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 5px;"><b>This page documents an English Wikipedia <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">policy</a>.</b><br/> <div style="font-size: 90%;">It describes a widely accepted standard that all editors should <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_%22Ignore_all_rules%22_means#Use_common_sense" title="Wikipedia:What "Ignore all rules" means">normally</a> follow. Changes made to it should reflect <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a>.</div> </div> </td> <td class="mbox-imageright"> <div style="position:relative;top:-3em"><span id="WP:OR"></span><span id="WP:NOR"></span><span id="WP:ORIGINAL"></span><span id="WP:ISAWIT"></span></div> <div class="shortcutbox plainlist noprint" role="note" style="float:right;border:1px solid #aaa;background:#fff;margin:.3em .3em .3em 1em;padding:.4em .6em;text-align:center;font-size:smaller;line-height:2em;font-weight:bold"><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a>: <ul> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:OR&redirect=no">WP:OR</a></span></li> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:NOR&redirect=no">WP:NOR</a></span></li> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:ORIGINAL&redirect=no">WP:ORIGINAL</a></span></li> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:ISAWIT&redirect=no">WP:ISAWIT</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/30px-Walnut.png" width="30" height="30" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/45px-Walnut.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/60px-Walnut.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192"/></td> <td class="mbox-text"><b>This page in a nutshell:</b> Wikipedia does <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">not</a> publish original thought. All material in Wikipedia must be <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">attributable</a> to a reliable, published source. Articles must not contain any new analysis or synthesis that reaches or implies a conclusion not clearly stated in the published sources.</td> </tr> </table> <table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks plainlist" style="float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;width:auto;background:#f5faff;font-size:90%;line-height:1.6em; width:200px;clear:right"> <tr> <th style="padding:0.1em;background:#cee0f2;;padding:0.1em 0.25em 0.15em;"><span style="font-size: 120%;"><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Core_content_policies" title="Wikipedia:Core content policies">Core content policies</a></span></th> </tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">Neutral point of view</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">No original research</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Verifiability</a></li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <th style="padding:0.1em;background:#cee0f2;;padding:0.1em 0.25em 0.15em;"><span style="font-size: 120%;">Other <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_policies" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Content policies">content policies</a></span></th> </tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Article titles</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">Biographies of living persons</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">Image use policy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">What Wikipedia is not</a></li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;font-size:115%"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Content_policy_list" title="Template:Content policy list"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Content_policy_list" title="Template talk:Content policy list"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Content_policy_list&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:196px;"><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Manusingmicroscope.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Manusingmicroscope.jpg" width="194" height="252" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="194" data-file-height="252"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Manusingmicroscope.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> Outside of Wikipedia, <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Original research">original research</a> is a key part of scholarly work. However, Wikipedia editors must not base their contributions on their <i>own</i> original research. Wikipedia editors must base their contributions on reliable, published sources.</div> </div> </div> <p><b>Wikipedia articles must not contain original research</b>. The phrase "original research" (OR) is used on Wikipedia to refer to material—such as facts, allegations, and ideas—for which no <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">reliable, published sources</a> exist.<sup id="cite_ref-Exists_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Exists-1">[1]</a></sup> This includes any analysis or synthesis of published material that <a href="#Synthesis_of_published_material">serves to reach or imply a conclusion not stated by the sources</a>. To demonstrate that you are not adding OR, you must be able to cite reliable, published sources that are <em>directly related</em> to the topic of the article, and <em>directly support</em> the material being presented. (This policy of no original research does not apply to <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Using_talk_pages" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Using talk pages">talk pages</a> and other pages which evaluate article content and sources, such as deletion discussions or policy noticeboards.)</p> <p>The prohibition against OR means that all material added to articles must be <em>attributable</em> to a reliable, published source, even if not actually <em>attributed</em>.<sup id="cite_ref-Exists_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Exists-1">[1]</a></sup> The <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifiability</a> policy says that an inline citation to a reliable source must be provided for all quotations, and for anything <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:CHALLENGED" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CHALLENGED">challenged or likely to be challenged</a>—but a source <em>must</em> exist even for material that is never challenged. For example: the statement "the capital of France is Paris" needs no source, because no one is likely to object to it and we know that sources exist for it. The statement is attribut<em>able</em>, even if not attribut<em>ed</em>.</p> <p>Despite the need to attribute content to reliable sources, <strong>you must not <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Plagiarism" title="Wikipedia:Plagiarism">plagiarize</a> them</strong> or <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyright_violations" title="Wikipedia:Copyright violations">violate their copyrights</a>. Rewriting source material in your own words, while substantially retaining the meaning of the references, is not considered to be original research.</p> <p>"No original research" (NOR) is one of three core content policies that, along with <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">Neutral point of view</a> and <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Verifiability</a>, determines the type and quality of material acceptable in articles. Because these policies work in harmony, they should not be interpreted in isolation from one another, and editors should familiarize themselves with all three. For questions about whether any particular edit constitutes original research, see the <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:NORN" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NORN">NOR noticeboard</a>.</p> <p></p> <div id="toc" class="toc"> <div class="toctitle"> <h2>Contents</h2> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Using_sources"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Using sources</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Reliable_sources"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Reliable sources</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Primary.2C_secondary_and_tertiary_sources"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Primary, secondary and tertiary sources</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Synthesis_of_published_material"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Synthesis of published material</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Original_images"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Original images</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Translations_and_transcriptions"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Translations and transcriptions</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Routine_calculations"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Routine calculations</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Related_policies"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Related policies</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Verifiability"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Verifiability</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Neutral_point_of_view"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Neutral point of view</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Guidelines"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Guidelines</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Templates"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Templates</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Essays"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">Essays</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Research_help"><span class="tocnumber">7.4</span> <span class="toctext">Research help</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <p></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Using_sources">Using sources</span></h2> <div role="note" class="shortcutbox shortcutbox-policy plainlist noprint" style="float: right; margin: .3em .3em .3em 1em; border: 1px solid #aaa; background: #fff; padding: 6px; text-align: center; font-size: 80%; font-weight: bold;"><span id="WP:STICKTOSOURCE"></span><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Policy</a> <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">shortcut</a>: <div> <ul> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:STICKTOSOURCE&redirect=no">WP:STICKTOSOURCE</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <p>Research that consists of collecting and organizing material from existing sources within the provisions of this and other content policies is fundamental to writing an encyclopedia. Best practice is to research the most reliable sources on the topic and summarize what they say in your own words, with each statement in the article attributable to a source that makes that statement explicitly. Source material should be carefully summarized or rephrased without changing its meaning or implication. Take care not to go beyond what is expressed in the sources, or to use them in ways inconsistent with the intention of the source, such as using material <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out_of_context" class="mw-redirect" title="Out of context">out of context</a>. In short, <em>stick to the sources</em>.</p> <p>If no reliable <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Third-party_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Third-party sources">third-party sources</a> can be found on a topic, Wikipedia should not have an article about it. If you discover something new, Wikipedia is not the place to announce such a discovery.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Reliable_sources">Reliable sources</span></h3> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Wikipedia:Verifiability</a> and <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources">Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources</a></div> <p>Any material that is challenged or <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:LIKELY" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:LIKELY">likely to be challenged</a> must be supported by a reliable source. Material for which no reliable source can be found is considered original research. The only way you can show your edit is not original research is to cite a reliable published source that contains the same material. Even with well-sourced material, if you use it out of context, or to reach or imply a conclusion not <em>directly and explicitly</em> supported by the source, you are engaging in original research; see <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:SYN" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SYN">below</a>.</p> <p>In general, the most reliable sources are:</p> <ul> <li>Peer-reviewed journals</li> <li>Books published by university presses</li> <li>University-level textbooks</li> <li>Magazines, journals, and books published by respected publishing houses</li> <li>Mainstream newspapers</li> </ul> <p>As a rule of thumb, the more people engaged in checking facts, analyzing legal issues, and scrutinizing the writing, the more reliable the publication. Self-published material, whether on paper or online, is generally not regarded as reliable, but see <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:SPS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SPS">self-published sources</a> for exceptions.</p> <p>Information in an article must be <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifiable</a> in the references cited. In general, article statements should not rely on unclear or inconsistent passages, or on passing comments. Passages open to multiple interpretations should be precisely cited or avoided. A summary of extensive discussion should reflect the conclusions of the source. Drawing conclusions not evident in the reference is original research regardless of the type of source. It is important that references be cited in context and on topic.</p> <h3><span id="Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Primary.2C_secondary_and_tertiary_sources">Primary, secondary and tertiary sources</span></h3> <div role="note" class="shortcutbox shortcutbox-policy plainlist noprint" style="float: right; margin: .3em .3em .3em 1em; border: 1px solid #aaa; background: #fff; padding: 6px; text-align: center; font-size: 80%; font-weight: bold;"><span id="WP:PSTS"></span><span id="WP:PRIMARY"></span><span id="WP:SECONDARY"></span><span id="WP:TERTIARY"></span><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Policy</a> <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">shortcuts</a>: <div> <ul> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:PSTS&redirect=no">WP:PSTS</a></span></li> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:PRIMARY&redirect=no">WP:PRIMARY</a></span></li> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:SECONDARY&redirect=no">WP:SECONDARY</a></span></li> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:TERTIARY&redirect=no">WP:TERTIARY</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WP:PRIMARY" redirects here. For the article naming guideline, see <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:PRIMARYTOPIC" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PRIMARYTOPIC">WP:PRIMARYTOPIC</a>.</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_and_using_primary_sources" title="Wikipedia:Identifying and using primary sources">Wikipedia:Identifying and using primary sources</a></div> <p>Wikipedia articles should be based on <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:RS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:RS">reliable</a>, published <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_source" title="Secondary source">secondary sources</a> and, to a lesser extent, on <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertiary_source" title="Tertiary source">tertiary sources</a> and <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_source" title="Primary source">primary sources</a>. Secondary or tertiary sources are needed to establish the topic's notability and to avoid novel interpretations of primary sources. All analyses and interpretive or synthetic claims about primary sources must be referenced to a secondary or tertiary source, and must not be an original analysis of the primary-source material by Wikipedia editors.</p> <p>Appropriate sourcing can be a complicated issue, and these are general rules. Deciding whether primary, secondary or tertiary sources are appropriate in any given instance is a matter of good editorial judgment and <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:COMMON" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:COMMON">common sense</a>, and should be discussed on article talk pages. A source may be considered primary for one statement but secondary for a different one, and sources can contain both primary and secondary source material for the same statement. For the purposes of this policy, primary, secondary and tertiary sources are defined as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-2010-08-17_umd_lib_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010-08-17_umd_lib-2">[2]</a></sup></p> <ul> <li><b><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_source" title="Primary source">Primary sources</a></b> are original materials that are close to an event, and are often accounts written by people who are directly involved. They offer an insider's view of an event, a period of history, a work of art, a political decision, and so on. Primary sources may or may not be <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Independent sources">independent or third-party sources</a>. An account of a traffic incident written by a witness is a primary source of information about the event; similarly, a scientific paper documenting a new experiment conducted by the author is a primary source on the outcome of that experiment. Historical documents such as diaries are primary sources.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> <dl> <dd><span style="color:maroon;"><i><b>Policy</b></i></span>: Unless restricted by another policy, primary sources that have been reputably published may be used in Wikipedia, but only with care, because it is easy to misuse them.<sup id="cite_ref-Exceptional_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Exceptional-4">[4]</a></sup> Any <i>interpretation</i> of primary source material requires a reliable secondary source for that interpretation. A primary source may only be used on Wikipedia to make straightforward, descriptive statements of facts that can be verified by any educated person with access to the primary source but without further, specialized knowledge. For example, an article about a novel may cite passages to describe the plot, but any interpretation needs a secondary source. <strong>Do not</strong> analyze, evaluate, interpret, or synthesize material found in a primary source yourself; instead, refer to reliable secondary sources that do so. <strong>Do not</strong> base an entire article on primary sources, and be cautious about basing large passages on them. <strong>Do not</strong> add unsourced material from your personal experience, because that would make Wikipedia a primary source of that material. Use extra caution when handling primary sources about living people; see <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons#Avoid_misuse_of_primary_sources" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">WP:Biographies of living persons § Avoid misuse of primary sources</a>, which is policy.</dd> </dl> </li> </ul> <div role="note" class="shortcutbox shortcutbox-policy plainlist noprint" style="float: right; margin: .3em .3em .3em 1em; border: 1px solid #aaa; background: #fff; padding: 6px; text-align: center; font-size: 80%; font-weight: bold;"><span id="WP:ANALYSIS"></span><span id="WP:AEIS"></span><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Policy</a> <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">shortcuts</a>: <div> <ul> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:ANALYSIS&redirect=no">WP:ANALYSIS</a></span></li> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:AEIS&redirect=no">WP:AEIS</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <p><span id="AEIS"></span><span id="aeis"></span></p> <ul> <li>A <b><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_source" title="Secondary source">secondary source</a></b> provides an author's own thinking based on primary sources, generally at least one step removed from an event. It contains an author's <em>analysis, evaluation, interpretation, or synthesis</em> of the facts, evidence, concepts, and ideas taken from primary sources. <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Secondary_does_not_mean_independent" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Secondary does not mean independent">Secondary sources are not necessarily independent or third-party sources</a>. They rely on primary sources for their material, making analytic or evaluative claims about them.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> For example, a review article that analyzes research papers in a field is a secondary source for the research.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> Whether a source is primary or secondary depends on context. A book by a military historian about the Second World War might be a secondary source about the war, but where it includes details of the author's own war experiences, it would be a primary source about those experiences. A book review too can be an opinion, summary or scholarly review.<sup id="cite_ref-BOOK_REVIEW_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOOK_REVIEW-7">[7]</a></sup> <dl> <dd><span style="color:maroon;"><i><b>Policy</b></i></span>: Wikipedia articles usually rely on material from reliable secondary sources. Articles may make an analytic, evaluative, interpretive, or synthetic claim <em>only if</em> that has been published by a reliable secondary source.</dd> </dl> </li> <li><b><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertiary_source" title="Tertiary source">Tertiary sources</a></b> are publications such as encyclopedias and other <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compendium" title="Compendium">compendia</a> that summarize primary and secondary sources. Wikipedia is a tertiary source.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup> Many introductory undergraduate-level textbooks are regarded as tertiary sources because they sum up multiple secondary sources. <dl> <dd><span style="color:maroon;"><i><b>Policy</b></i></span>: Reliable tertiary sources can be helpful in providing broad summaries of topics that involve many primary and secondary sources, and may be helpful in evaluating <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:DUE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:DUE">due weight</a>, especially when primary or secondary sources contradict each other. Some tertiary sources are more reliable than others, and within any given tertiary source, some entries may be more reliable than others. Wikipedia articles may not be used as tertiary sources in other Wikipedia articles, but are sometimes used as primary sources in articles about Wikipedia itself (see <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia" title="Category:Wikipedia">Category:Wikipedia</a> and <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Wikipedia_articles" title="Category:WikiProject Wikipedia articles">Category:WikiProject Wikipedia articles</a>).</dd> </dl> </li> </ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Synthesis_of_published_material">Synthesis of published material</span></h2> <p><span id="Synthesis_of_published_material_that_advances_a_position"></span></p> <div role="note" class="shortcutbox shortcutbox-policy plainlist noprint" style="float: right; margin: .3em .3em .3em 1em; border: 1px solid #aaa; background: #fff; padding: 6px; text-align: center; font-size: 80%; font-weight: bold;"><span id="WP:SYN"></span><span id="WP:SYNTH"></span><span id="WP:SYNTHESIS"></span><span id="WP:ORIGINALSYN"></span><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Policy</a> <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">shortcuts</a>: <div> <ul> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:SYN&redirect=no">WP:SYN</a></span></li> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:SYNTH&redirect=no">WP:SYNTH</a></span></li> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:SYNTHESIS&redirect=no">WP:SYNTHESIS</a></span></li> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:ORIGINALSYN&redirect=no">WP:ORIGINALSYN</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_SYNTH_is_not" title="Wikipedia:What SYNTH is not">Wikipedia:What SYNTH is not</a></div> <p>Do not combine material from multiple sources to reach or imply a conclusion not explicitly stated by any of the sources. Similarly, do not combine different parts of one source to reach or imply a conclusion not explicitly stated by the source. If one reliable source says A, and another reliable source says B, do not join A and B together to imply a conclusion C that is not mentioned by either of the sources. This would be improper editorial <i>synthesis</i> of published material to imply a new conclusion, which is <b>original research</b> performed by an editor here.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup> "A and B, therefore C" is acceptable <em>only if</em> a <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:RS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:RS">reliable source</a> has published the same argument in relation to the topic of the article. If a single source says "A" in one context, and "B" in another, without connecting them, and does not provide an argument of "therefore C", then "therefore C" cannot be used in any article.</p> <dl> <dt>Here are two sentences showing simple examples of improper editorial synthesis</dt> </dl> <ul> <li>In this first sentence, both parts of the sentence may be reliably sourced, but they have been combined to imply that the UN has failed to maintain world peace. <i>If no reliable source has combined the material in this way, it is original research.</i></li> </ul> <div class="quotebox" style="margin: auto; width:70%; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-size: 88%; background-color: #FFFFF0;"> <div class="" style="position: relative; text-align: left;"> <div><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/20px-X_mark.svg.png" width="20" height="23" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/30px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/40px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600"/><span style="display:none">N</span> <b>The United Nations' stated objective is to maintain international peace and security, but since its creation there have been 160 wars throughout the world</b>.</div> </div> </div> <ul> <li>In this second sentence, the opposite is implied using the same material, illustrating how easily material can be manipulated when the sources are not adhered to:</li> </ul> <div class="quotebox" style="margin: auto; width:70%; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-size: 88%; background-color: #FFFFF0;"> <div class="" style="position: relative; text-align: left;"> <div><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/20px-X_mark.svg.png" width="20" height="23" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/30px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/40px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600"/><span style="display:none">N</span> <b>The United Nations' stated objective is to maintain international peace and security, and since its creation there have been only 160 wars throughout the world.</b></div> </div> </div> <dl> <dt>Here are two paragraphs showing more complex examples of editorial synthesis.</dt> </dl> <p>They are based on an actual Wikipedia article about a dispute between two authors, here called Smith and Jones.</p> <ul> <li>This first paragraph is fine, because each of the sentences is carefully sourced, using a source that refers to the same dispute:</li> </ul> <div class="quotebox" style="margin: auto; width:70%; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-size: 88%; background-color: #FFFFF0;"> <div class="" style="position: relative; text-align: left;"> <div><img alt="Yes" src="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/20px-Yes_check.svg.png" width="20" height="20" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/40px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"/><span style="display:none">Y</span> <b>Smith stated that Jones committed plagiarism by copying references from another author's book. Jones responded that it is acceptable scholarly practice to use other people's books to find new references.</b></div> </div> </div> <ul> <li>This second paragraph demonstrates improper editorial synthesis:</li> </ul> <div class="quotebox" style="margin: auto; width:70%; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-size: 88%; background-color: #FFFFF0;"> <div class="" style="position: relative; text-align: left;"> <div><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/20px-X_mark.svg.png" width="20" height="23" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/30px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/40px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600"/><span style="display:none">N</span> <b>If Jones did not consult the original sources, this would be contrary to the practice recommended in the Harvard <i>Writing with Sources</i> manual, which requires citation of the source actually consulted. The Harvard manual does not call violating this rule "plagiarism". Instead, plagiarism is defined as using a source's information, ideas, words, or structure without citing them.</b></div> </div> </div> <ul> <li>The second paragraph is original research because it expresses a Wikipedia editor's opinion that, given the Harvard manual's definition of plagiarism, Jones did not commit it. To make the second paragraph consistent with this policy, a reliable source would be needed that <em>specifically comments on the Smith and Jones dispute and makes the same point about the Harvard manual and plagiarism</em>. In other words, that precise analysis must have been published by a reliable source in relation to the topic before it can be published on Wikipedia.</li> </ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Original_images">Original images</span></h2> <div role="note" class="shortcutbox shortcutbox-policy plainlist noprint" style="float: right; margin: .3em .3em .3em 1em; border: 1px solid #aaa; background: #fff; padding: 6px; text-align: center; font-size: 80%; font-weight: bold;"><span id="WP:OI"></span><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Policy</a> <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">shortcut</a>: <div> <ul> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:OI&redirect=no">WP:OI</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Images#Pertinence_and_encyclopedic_nature" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images">WP:Manual of Style/Images § Pertinence and encyclopedic nature</a>, and <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy#Image_titles_and_file_names" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">WP:Image use policy § Image titles and file names</a></div> <p>Because of copyright laws in a number of countries, there are relatively few images available for use on Wikipedia. Editors are therefore encouraged to upload their own images, releasing them under appropriate <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a> <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Creative_Commons_copyright_templates" title="Category:Creative Commons copyright templates">licenses</a>, or other free licenses. Original images created by a Wikipedian are not considered original research, <em>so long as they do not illustrate or introduce unpublished ideas or arguments</em>, the core reason behind the NOR policy. Image captions are subject to this policy no less than statements in the body of the article.</p> <p>It is not acceptable for an editor to use <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photo_manipulation" title="Photo manipulation">photo manipulation</a> to distort the facts or position illustrated by an image. Manipulated images should be prominently noted as such. Any manipulated image where the encyclopedic value is materially affected should be posted to <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Files_for_discussion" title="Wikipedia:Files for discussion">Wikipedia:Files for discussion</a>. <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons#Images" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">Images of living persons</a> must not present the subject in a false or disparaging light.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Translations_and_transcriptions">Translations and transcriptions</span></h2> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">WP:Translation</a></div> <div role="note" class="shortcutbox shortcutbox-policy plainlist noprint" style="float: right; margin: .3em .3em .3em 1em; border: 1px solid #aaa; background: #fff; padding: 6px; text-align: center; font-size: 80%; font-weight: bold;"><span id="WP:TRANSCRIPTION"></span><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Policy</a> <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">shortcut</a>: <div> <ul> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:TRANSCRIPTION&redirect=no">WP:TRANSCRIPTION</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <p>Faithfully translating sourced material into English, or transcribing spoken words from audio or video sources, is not considered original research. For information on how to handle sources that require translation, see <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Non-English_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Wikipedia:Verifiability#Non-English sources</a>.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Routine_calculations">Routine calculations</span></h2> <div role="note" class="shortcutbox shortcutbox-policy plainlist noprint" style="float: right; margin: .3em .3em .3em 1em; border: 1px solid #aaa; background: #fff; padding: 6px; text-align: center; font-size: 80%; font-weight: bold;"><span id="WP:CALC"></span><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Policy</a> <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">shortcut</a>: <div> <ul> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:CALC&redirect=no">WP:CALC</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <p>Routine calculations do not count as original research, provided there is <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a> among editors that the result of the calculation is obvious, correct, and a meaningful reflection of the <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a>. <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_arithmetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic arithmetic">Basic arithmetic</a>, such as adding numbers, converting units, or calculating a person's age are some examples of routine calculations. See also <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Conversion_templates" title="Category:Conversion templates">Category:Conversion templates</a>.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Related_policies">Related policies</span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Verifiability">Verifiability</span></h3> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Wikipedia:Verifiability</a></div> <div role="note" class="shortcutbox shortcutbox-policy plainlist noprint" style="float: right; margin: .3em .3em .3em 1em; border: 1px solid #aaa; background: #fff; padding: 6px; text-align: center; font-size: 80%; font-weight: bold;"><span id="WP:VERIFYOR"></span><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Policy</a> <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">shortcut</a>: <div> <ul> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:VERIFYOR&redirect=no">WP:VERIFYOR</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <p>Wikipedia's content is determined by <b>previously published information</b> rather than by the personal beliefs or experiences of its editors. Even if you're sure something is <em>true</em>, it <em>must</em> be verifiable before you can add it. The policy says that all material challenged or likely to be challenged, and all quotations, needs a reliable source; what counts as a reliable source is described <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:SOURCES" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SOURCES">here</a>.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Neutral_point_of_view">Neutral point of view</span></h3> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">Wikipedia:Neutral point of view</a></div> <p>The prohibition against original research limits the extent to which editors may present their own points of view in articles. By reinforcing the importance of including verifiable research produced by others, this policy promotes the inclusion of multiple points of view. Consequently, this policy reinforces our neutrality policy. In many cases, there are multiple established views of any given topic. In such cases, no single position, no matter how well researched, is authoritative. It is not the responsibility of any one editor to research <em>all</em> points of view. But when incorporating research into an article, it is important that editors provide context for this point of view, by indicating how prevalent the position is, and whether it is held by a majority or minority.</p> <p>The inclusion of a view that is held only by a tiny minority may constitute original research. <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Wales" title="Jimmy Wales">Jimbo Wales</a> has said of this:</p> <ul> <li>If your viewpoint is in the majority, then it should be easy to substantiate it with reference to commonly accepted reference texts;</li> <li>If your viewpoint is held by a significant minority, then it should be easy to name prominent adherents;</li> <li>If your viewpoint is held by an extremely small minority, then—whether it's true or not, whether you can prove it or not—it doesn't belong in Wikipedia, except perhaps in some ancillary article. Wikipedia is not the place for original research.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup></li> </ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000"> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/40px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png" width="40" height="32" class="noviewer" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/60px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/80px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800"/></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikiversity" title="Wikiversity">Wikiversity</a> allows<br/> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:What_is_Wikiversity%3F#Wikiversity_for_researching" class="extiw" title="v:Wikiversity:What is Wikiversity?">original research</a></td> </tr> </table> <p><br/></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Guidelines">Guidelines</span></h3> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">Wikipedia:Citing sources</a>—guideline</li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Conflict_of_interest#Citing_yourself" title="Wikipedia:Conflict of interest">Wikipedia:Conflict of interest#Citing yourself</a>—guideline</li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research/Examples" title="Wikipedia:No original research/Examples">Wikipedia:No original research/Examples</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research/Noticeboard" title="Wikipedia:No original research/Noticeboard">No original research noticeboard</a>—discussions of specific article content suspected of being OR</li> </ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Templates">Templates</span></h3> <ul> <li>{{<a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Original_research" title="Template:Original research">Original research</a>}}—used to warn of original research</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:OR" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:OR">OR</a>}}—inline tag used to warn of original research</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Synthesis" title="Template:Synthesis">Synthesis</a>}}—used to warn of unpublished synthesis</li> <li>{{<a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:AEIS" title="Template:AEIS">AEIS</a>}}—used in talk/noticeboards to remind that <i>analytic, evaluative, interpretive, or synthetic</i> claims require secondary sources</li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_messages/Disputes" title="Wikipedia:Template messages/Disputes">Wikipedia:Template messages/Disputes</a>—lists other warning templates related to OR, among others</li> </ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Essays">Essays</span></h3> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Cherrypicking" title="Wikipedia:Cherrypicking">Wikipedia:Cherrypicking</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Dictionaries_as_sources" title="Wikipedia:Dictionaries as sources">Wikipedia:Dictionaries as sources</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_and_using_primary_and_secondary_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Identifying and using primary and secondary sources">Wikipedia:Identifying and using primary and secondary sources</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research/history" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:No original research/history">Wikipedia:No original research/history</a>, an essay on the origins of this policy</li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:POV_and_OR_from_editors,_sources,_and_fields" title="Wikipedia:POV and OR from editors, sources, and fields">Wikipedia:POV and OR from editors, sources, and fields</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Party_and_person" title="Wikipedia:Party and person">Wikipedia:Party and person</a> a.k.a. <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Secondary_does_not_mean_independent" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Secondary does not mean independent">Wikipedia:Secondary does not mean independent</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:These_are_not_original_research" title="Wikipedia:These are not original research">Wikipedia:These are not original research</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Use_of_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:Use of tertiary sources">Wikipedia:Use of tertiary sources</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Using_maps_and_similar_sources_in_wikipedia_articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Using maps and similar sources in wikipedia articles">Wikipedia:Using maps and similar sources in wikipedia articles</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_SYNTH_is_not" title="Wikipedia:What SYNTH is not">Wikipedia:What SYNTH is not</a></li> </ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Research_help">Research help</span></h3> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Resource_Exchange/Resource_Request" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Resource Exchange/Resource Request">Wikipedia:WikiProject Resource Exchange/Resource Request</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library</a></li> </ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span></h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Exists-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Exists_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Exists_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">By "exists", the community means that the reliable source must have been published and still exist—somewhere in the world, in any language, whether or not it is reachable online—even if no source is currently named in the article. Articles that currently name zero references of any type may be fully compliant with this policy—so long as there is a <em>reasonable expectation</em> that every bit of material is supported by a published, reliable source.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-2010-08-17_umd_lib-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2010-08-17_umd_lib_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://web.archive.org/web/20130201122612/http://www.lib.umd.edu/ues/guides/primary-sources">This University of Maryland library page</a> provides typical examples of primary, secondary and tertiary sources. Retrieved 26 July 2013.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="defs"></span>Further examples of primary sources include archeological artifacts, census results, video or transcripts of surveillance, public hearings, investigative reports, trial/litigation in any country (including material — which relates to either the trial or to any of the parties involved in the trial — published/authored by any involved party, before, during or after the trial), editorials, columns, blogs, opinion pieces, or (depending on context) interviews; tabulated results of surveys or questionnaires; original philosophical works; religious scripture; ancient works, even if they cite earlier writings (lost or otherwise); tomb plaques; and artistic and fictional works such as poems, scripts, screenplays, novels, motion pictures, videos and television programs. For definitions of primary sources:</span> <ul> <li>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://web.archive.org/web/20070209235512/http://www.library.unr.edu/instruction/help/primary.html">University of Nevada, Reno Libraries</a> define primary sources as providing "an inside view of a particular event". They offer as examples: <b>original documents</b>, such as autobiographies, diaries, e-mail, interviews, letters, minutes, news film footage, official records, photographs, raw research data, and speeches; <b>creative works</b>, such as art, drama, films, music, novels, poetry; and <b>relics or artifacts</b>, such as buildings, clothing, DNA, furniture, jewelry, pottery.</li> <li>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://web.archive.org/web/20120702201241/http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/instruct/guides/primarysources.html">University of California, Berkeley library</a> offers this definition: "Primary sources were either created during the time period being studied or were created at a later date by a participant in the events being studied (as in the case of memoirs). They reflect the individual viewpoint of a participant or observer. Primary sources enable the researcher to get as close as possible to what actually happened during an historical event or time period".</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://web.archive.org/web/20120313082729/http://library.duke.edu/research/finding/primarysource.html">Duke University, Libraries</a> offers this definition: "A primary source is a first-hand account of an event. Primary sources may include newspaper articles, letters, diaries, interviews, laws, reports of government commissions, and many other types of documents."</li> </ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-Exceptional-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Exceptional_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Any exceptional claim would require <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Exceptional_claims_require_exceptional_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">exceptional sources</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://web.archive.org/web/20120702201241/http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/instruct/guides/primarysources.html">University of California, Berkeley library</a> defines "secondary source" as "a work that interprets or analyzes an historical event or phenomenon. It is generally at least one step removed from the event".</span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/http://www.ithacalibrary.com/sp/subjects/primary">Ithaca College Library</a> compares research articles to review articles. Be aware that either type of article can be both a primary and secondary source, although research articles tend to be more useful as primary sources and review articles as secondary sources.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-BOOK_REVIEW-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BOOK_REVIEW_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Book reviews may be found listed under separate sections within a news source or might be embedded within larger news reports. Multiple coverage in book reviews is considered one of the <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(books)" title="Wikipedia:Notability (books)">notability criteria for books</a>; book reviews should be considered as supporting sources in articles about books. Avoid using book reviews as reliable sources for the topics covered in the book; a book review is intended to be an independent review of the book, the author and related writing issues than be considered a secondary source for the topics covered within the book. For definitions of book reviews:</span> <ul> <li><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=book%20review">Princeton's Wordnet 2011 scholarly definitions repository</a> defines book review as "a critical review of a book (usually, [of] a recently published book)."</span></li> <li><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/http://www.lib.vt.edu/find/byformat/bookreviews.html">VirginiaTech University Libraries</a> provides the following definition: "A book review is an article that is published in a newspaper, magazine or scholarly work that describes and evaluates a book... Reviews differ from literary critiques of books. Critiques explore the style and themes used by an author or genre."</span></li> </ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">While it is a tertiary source, Wikipedia is not considered a reliable source for Wikipedia articles; see <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Wikipedia_and_sources_that_mirror_or_use_it.23Notes" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">WP:Verifiability#Wikipedia and sources that mirror or use it § Notes</a>, and <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources#User-generated_content" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources">WP:Identifying reliable sources § User-generated content</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jimmy Wales has said of synthesized historical theories: "Some who completely understand why Wikipedia ought not create novel theories of physics by citing the results of experiments and so on and synthesizing them into something new, may fail to see how the same thing applies to history." (Wales, Jimmy. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2004-December/017591.html">"Original research"</a>, December 6, 2004)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wales, Jimmy. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2003-September/006715.html">"WikiEN-l roy_q_royce@hotmail.com: --A Request RE a WIKIArticle--"</a>, September 29, 2003.</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</span></h2> <div class="refbegin" style=""> <div id="section_SpokenWikipedia" class="infobox sisterproject plainlinks haudio"> <div style="text-align: center; white-space:nowrap"><b>Listen to this page</b> (<a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wikipedia-No_original_research.ogg" title="File:Wikipedia-No original research.ogg">info/dl</a>) <div class="center"> <div class="floatnone"> <div class="mediaContainer" style="width:200px"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" style="width:200px" class="kskin" data-durationhint="1170.3555555556" data-startoffset="0" data-mwtitle="Wikipedia-No_original_research.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"> <source src="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Wikipedia-No_original_research.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-title="Original Ogg file (78 kbps)" data-shorttitle="Ogg source" data-width="0" data-height="0" data-bandwidth="78371"/></audio></div> </div> </div> </div> <p><br/></p> <div style="float: left; margin-left: 5px;"> <div class="floatnone"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/45px-Sound-icon.svg.png" title="Spoken Wikipedia" width="45" height="34" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/68px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/90px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96"/></div> </div> <div style="font-size: xx-small; line-height: 1.6em; margin-left: 60px;">This audio file was created from a revision of the article "<span class="fn">No original research</span>" dated 2007-01-27, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the page. (<a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" title="Wikipedia:Media help">Audio help</a>)</div> <div style="text-align: center; clear: both"><b><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Spoken_articles" title="Wikipedia:Spoken articles">More spoken pages</a></b></div> </div> <ul> <li>Wales, Jimmy. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2003-July/005288.html">Crackpot articles</a>, mailing list, July 12, 2003.</li> <li>Wales, Jimmy. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2003-September/006653.html">"NPOV and 'new physics'"</a>, mailing list, September 26, 2003.</li> <li>Wales, Jimmy. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2003-September/006663.html">"NPOV and 'new physics'"</a>, mailing list, September 26, 2003 (followup to above)</li> <li>Wales, Jimmy. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2004-December/017557.html">"Original research"</a>, mailing list, December 3, 2004</li> <li>Wales, Jimmy. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2004-December/017591.html">"Original research"</a>, mailing list, December 6, 2004</li> </ul> </div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wikipedia_key_policies_and_guidelines" style="padding:3px"> <table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_policies_and_guidelines" title="Template:Wikipedia policies and guidelines"><abbr title="View this template" style="text-align: center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">v</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_policies_and_guidelines" title="Template talk:Wikipedia policies and guidelines"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="text-align: center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">t</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Wikipedia_policies_and_guidelines&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="text-align: center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">e</abbr></a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="Wikipedia_key_policies_and_guidelines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Wikipedia key <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">policies and guidelines</a></div> </th> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"> <div> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Five_pillars" title="Wikipedia:Five pillars">Five pillars</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">What Wikipedia is not</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">Ignore all rules</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Content</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><img alt="Policies" src="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/17px-Green_check.svg.png" title="Policies" width="17" height="17" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/26px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/34px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"/></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Verifiability</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">No original research</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">Neutral point of view</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">What Wikipedia is not</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">Biographies of living persons</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Autobiography" title="Wikipedia:Autobiography">Autobiography</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">Image use</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_is_not_a_dictionary" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia is not a dictionary">Wikipedia is not a dictionary</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Article titles</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><img alt="Guidelines" src="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Cornflower_blue_check2.svg/17px-Cornflower_blue_check2.svg.png" title="Guidelines" width="17" height="17" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Cornflower_blue_check2.svg/26px-Cornflower_blue_check2.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Cornflower_blue_check2.svg/34px-Cornflower_blue_check2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"/></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability" title="Wikipedia:Notability">Notability</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">Citing sources</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources">Identifying reliable sources</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)">medicine</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Do_not_include_the_full_text_of_lengthy_primary_sources" title="Wikipedia:Do not include the full text of lengthy primary sources">Do not include copies of primary sources</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Plagiarism" title="Wikipedia:Plagiarism">Plagiarism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Do_not_create_hoaxes" title="Wikipedia:Do not create hoaxes">Don't create hoaxes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Fringe_theories" title="Wikipedia:Fringe theories">Fringe theories</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Patent_nonsense" title="Wikipedia:Patent nonsense">Patent nonsense</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Conduct</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><img alt="Policies" src="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/17px-Green_check.svg.png" title="Policies" width="17" height="17" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/26px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/34px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"/></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Civility" title="Wikipedia:Civility">Civility</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">Consensus</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Editing_policy" title="Wikipedia:Editing policy">Editing policy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Harassment" title="Wikipedia:Harassment">Harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Vandalism" title="Wikipedia:Vandalism">Vandalism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">Ignore all rules</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:No_personal_attacks" title="Wikipedia:No personal attacks">No personal attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Ownership_of_content" title="Wikipedia:Ownership of content">Ownership of content</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Edit_warring" title="Wikipedia:Edit warring">Edit warring</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Dispute_resolution" title="Wikipedia:Dispute resolution">Dispute resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sock_puppetry" title="Wikipedia:Sock puppetry">Sock puppetry</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:No_legal_threats" title="Wikipedia:No legal threats">No legal threats</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Child_protection" title="Wikipedia:Child protection">Child protection</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Paid-contribution_disclosure" title="Wikipedia:Paid-contribution disclosure">Paid-contribution disclosure</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><img alt="Guidelines" src="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Cornflower_blue_check2.svg/17px-Cornflower_blue_check2.svg.png" title="Guidelines" width="17" height="17" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Cornflower_blue_check2.svg/26px-Cornflower_blue_check2.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Cornflower_blue_check2.svg/34px-Cornflower_blue_check2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"/></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Assume_good_faith" title="Wikipedia:Assume good faith">Assume good faith</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Conflict_of_interest" title="Wikipedia:Conflict of interest">Conflict of interest</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Disruptive_editing" title="Wikipedia:Disruptive editing">Disruptive editing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Do_not_disrupt_Wikipedia_to_illustrate_a_point" title="Wikipedia:Do not disrupt Wikipedia to illustrate a point">Do not disrupt Wikipedia to illustrate a point</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Etiquette" title="Wikipedia:Etiquette">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Gaming_the_system" title="Wikipedia:Gaming the system">Gaming the system</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_do_not_bite_the_newcomers" title="Wikipedia:Please do not bite the newcomers">Please do not bite the newcomers</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Courtesy_vanishing" title="Wikipedia:Courtesy vanishing">Courtesy vanishing</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Deletion</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><img alt="Policies" src="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/17px-Green_check.svg.png" title="Policies" width="17" height="17" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/26px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/34px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"/></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy" title="Wikipedia:Deletion policy">Deletion policy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Proposed deletion">Proposed deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Criteria_for_speedy_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Criteria for speedy deletion">Criteria for speedy deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Attack_page" title="Wikipedia:Attack page">Attack page</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Oversight" title="Wikipedia:Oversight">Oversight</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_deletion_of_biographies_of_living_people" title="Wikipedia:Proposed deletion of biographies of living people">Proposed deletion of BLP</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_deletion_(books)" title="Wikipedia:Proposed deletion (books)">Proposed deletion (books)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Revision_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Revision deletion">Revision deletion</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Enforcement</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><img alt="Policies" src="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/17px-Green_check.svg.png" title="Policies" width="17" height="17" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/26px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/34px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"/></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators" title="Wikipedia:Administrators">Administrators</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Banning_policy" title="Wikipedia:Banning policy">Banning</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">Blocking</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy" title="Wikipedia:Protection policy">Page protection</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Editing</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><img alt="Guidelines" src="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Cornflower_blue_check2.svg/17px-Cornflower_blue_check2.svg.png" title="Guidelines" width="17" height="17" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Cornflower_blue_check2.svg/26px-Cornflower_blue_check2.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Cornflower_blue_check2.svg/34px-Cornflower_blue_check2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"/></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_size" title="Wikipedia:Article size">Article size</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Be_bold" title="Wikipedia:Be bold">Be bold</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation">Disambiguation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">Hatnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Set_index_articles" title="Wikipedia:Set index articles">Set index articles</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Subpages" title="Wikipedia:Subpages">Subpages</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:User_pages" title="Wikipedia:User pages">User pages</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Talk_page_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines">Talk page guidelines</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures" title="Wikipedia:Signatures">Signatures</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Broad-concept_article" title="Wikipedia:Broad-concept article">Broad-concept article</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">Project namespace</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Guide" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Guide">WikiProjects</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;">Style</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Contents</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Accessibility" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility">Accessibility</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">Understandability</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">Dates and numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Images" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images">Images</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">Layout</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">Lead section</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking">Linking</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">Lists</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;">Classification</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories,_lists,_and_navigation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Categories, lists, and navigation templates">Categories, lists, and navigation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">Categorization</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">Template namespace</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;;background: #dddddd;">WMF</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal; background: #e6e6e6;"><img alt="Policies" src="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/17px-Green_check.svg.png" title="Policies" width="17" height="17" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/26px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/34px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"/></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Policies" class="extiw" title="wmf:Policies">List of policies</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Friendly_space_policy" class="extiw" title="wmf:Friendly space policy">Friendly space policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Resolution:Licensing_policy" class="extiw" title="wmf:Resolution:Licensing policy">Licensing and copyright</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="wmf:Privacy policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Values" class="extiw" title="wmf:Values">Values</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/FAQ/en" class="extiw" title="wmf:FAQ/en">FAQ</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;;font-weight: normal;"> <div> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:List of policies and guidelines">List of all policies and guidelines</a> <ul> <li><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/15px-Green_check.svg.png" width="15" height="15" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/23px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/30px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"/> <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies" title="Wikipedia:List of policies">List of policies</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Cornflower_blue_check2.svg/15px-Cornflower_blue_check2.svg.png" width="15" height="15" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Cornflower_blue_check2.svg/23px-Cornflower_blue_check2.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Cornflower_blue_check2.svg/30px-Cornflower_blue_check2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"/> <a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:List of guidelines">List of guidelines</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20171010062626/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Principles" title="Wikipedia:Principles">Lists of attempts in creating fundamental principles</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </div>   </div>  <noscript><img src="//web.archive.org/web/20171010062626im_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" title="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipedio:Ne_faru_originalan_esploradon" title="Vikipedio:Ne faru originalan esploradon – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%82_%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9" title="ویکی‌پدیا:تحقیق دست‌اول ممنوع – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Travaux_in%C3%A9dits" title="Wikipédia:Travaux inédits – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:A_Wikipedia_non_%C3%A9_unha_fonte_primaria" title="Wikipedia:A Wikipedia non é unha fonte primaria – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE:%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95_%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%B6%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A7%E0%AA%A8_%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%B9%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%82" title="વિકિપીડિયા:પ્રારંભિક સંશોધન નહીં – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EB%8F%85%EC%9E%90_%EC%97%B0%EA%B5%AC_%EA%B8%88%EC%A7%80" title="위키백과:독자 연구 금지 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%A1:%D5%8E%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%AE_%D5%88%D6%82%D5%B2%D5%A5%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%AE/%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%B8%D5%B6/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%A1:%D5%88%D5%B9_%D5%B4%D5%AB_%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%A6%D5%A2%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Վիքիպեդիա:ՎիքիՆախագիծ Ուղեգիծ/Հաքաթոն/Վիքիպեդիա:Ոչ մի սկզբնական հետազոտություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%82" title="विकिपीडिया:मूल शोध नहीं – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Awan_ti_kasisigud_a_panagsukimat" title="Wikipedia:Awan ti kasisigud a panagsukimat – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Bukan_riset_asli" title="Wikipedia:Bukan riset asli – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Engar_frumranns%C3%B3knir" title="Wikipedia:Engar frumrannsóknir – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Niente_ricerche_originali" title="Wikipedia:Niente ricerche originali – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Dudu_riset_asli" title="Wikipedia:Dudu riset asli – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF:%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%81" title="ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ಸ್ವಂತ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ ಸಲ್ಲದು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90:%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A8%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ვიკიპედია:ორიგინალური კვლევის დაუშვებლობა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D3%A8%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%83" title="Уикипедия:Өзіндік зерттеулерге жол бермеу – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipedija:Mokslinis_naujumas_netoleruojamas" title="Vikipedija:Mokslinis naujumas netoleruojamas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:A_Wikip%C3%A9dia_nem_az_els%C5%91_k%C3%B6zl%C3%A9s_helye" title="Wikipédia:A Wikipédia nem az első közlés helye – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B0" title="Википедија:Без свои истражувања – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ:കണ്ടെത്തലുകൾ അരുത് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7_%DA%AF%D9%BE:%D9%BE%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%85_%DA%AF%D9%BE" title="ویکی‌پدیا گپ:پرچم گپ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Larangan_penyelidikan_asli" title="Wikipedia:Larangan penyelidikan asli – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Bukan_riset_asli" title="Wikipedia:Bukan riset asli – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" class="interlanguage-link-target">Baso Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Geen_origineel_onderzoek" title="Wikipedia:Geen origineel onderzoek – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A7" title="विकिपीडिया:मूलअनुसन्धानमा लेख निषेध – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%8B%AC%E8%87%AA%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E3%81%AF%E8%BC%89%E3%81%9B%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84" title="Wikipedia:独自研究は載せない – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Ingen_originalforskning_(utkast)" title="Wikipedia:Ingen originalforskning (utkast) – Norwegian" lang="no" hreflang="no" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Inga_ny_forsking" title="Wikipedia:Inga ny forsking – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Nie_przedstawiamy_tw%C3%B3rczo%C5%9Bci_w%C5%82asnej" title="Wikipedia:Nie przedstawiamy twórczości własnej – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Nada_de_pesquisa_in%C3%A9dita" title="Wikipédia:Nada de pesquisa inédita – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:F%C4%83r%C4%83_cercetare_original%C4%83" title="Wikipedia:Fără cercetare originală – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Википедия:Недопустимость оригинальных исследований – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Hulumtimi_vetjak" title="Wikipedia:Hulumtimi vetjak – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Nenti_ricerchi_urigginali" title="Wikipedia:Nenti ricerchi urigginali – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F:%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%90%E0%B7%85%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B1" title="විකිපීඩියා:සම්භූති චින්තනයෙන් වැළකෙන්න – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research – Simple English" lang="simple" hreflang="simple" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:%C5%BDiadny_vlastn%C3%BD_v%C3%BDskum" title="Wikipédia:Žiadny vlastný výskum – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:Brez_izvirnega_raziskovanja" title="Wikipedija:Brez izvirnega raziskovanja – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%AA%D9%88%DB%8E%DA%98%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%82%DB%95%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%BA%DB%95%DB%8C%DB%95" title="ویکیپیدیا:توێژینەوەی سەرەتایی قەدەغەیە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B0" title="Википедија:Без оригиналног истраживања – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Bez_originalnog_istra%C5%BEivanja" title="Wikipedia:Bez originalnog istraživanja – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Ei_uutta_tutkimusta" title="Wikipedia:Ei uutta tutkimusta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010062626/https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Ingen_originalforskning" title="Wikipedia:Ingen originalforskning – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta"><a 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