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nitrogen fixation</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: biological nitrogen fixation"> <meta name="keywords" content="biological nitrogen fixation"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="biological nitrogen fixation"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3412</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: biological nitrogen fixation</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3412</span> Assessment of the Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Soybean Sown in Different Types of Moroccan Soils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Z.%20Aliyat">F. Z. Aliyat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Ben%20Messaoud"> B. Ben Messaoud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Nassiri"> L. Nassiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Bouiamrine"> E. Bouiamrine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Ibijbijen"> J. Ibijbijen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study aims to assess the biological nitrogen fixation in the soybean tested in different Moroccan soils combined with the rhizobial inoculation. These effects were evaluated by the plant growth mainly by the aerial biomass production, total nitrogen content and the proportion of the nitrogen fixed. This assessment clearly shows that the inoculation with bacteria increases the growth of soybean. Five different soils and a control (peat) were used. The rhizobial inoculation was performed by applying the peat that contained a mixture of 2 strains <em>Sinorhizobium</em> <em>fredii</em> HH103 and <em>Bradyrhizobium</em>. The biomass, the total nitrogen content and the proportion of nitrogen fixed were evaluated under different treatments. The essay was realized at the greenhouse the Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University. The soybean has shown a great response for the parameters assessed. Moreover, the best response was reported by the inoculated plants compared to non- inoculated and to the absolute control. Finally, good production and the best biological nitrogen fixation present an important ecological technology to improve the sustainable production of soybean and to ensure the increase of the fertility of soils. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20nitrogen%20fixation" title="biological nitrogen fixation">biological nitrogen fixation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inoculation" title=" inoculation"> inoculation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhizobium" title=" rhizobium"> rhizobium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soybean" title=" soybean"> soybean</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97585/assessment-of-the-biological-nitrogen-fixation-in-soybean-sown-in-different-types-of-moroccan-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97585.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3411</span> Plasma-Assisted Nitrogen Fixation for the Elevation of Seed Germination and Plant Growth</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pradeep%20Lamichhane">Pradeep Lamichhane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plasma-assisted nitrogen fixation is a process by which atomic nitrogen generated by plasma is converted into ammonia (NH₃) or related nitrogenous compounds. Nitrogen fixation is essential to plant because fixed inorganic nitrogen compounds are required to them for the biosynthesis of all nitrogen-containing organic compounds, such as amino acids and proteins, nucleoside triphosphates and nucleic acid. Most of our atmosphere is composed of nitrogen; however, the plant cannot absorb it directly from the air ambient. As a portion of the nitrogen cycle, nitrogen fixation fundamental for agriculture and the manufacture of fertilizer. In this study, plasma-assisted nitrogen fixation was performed by exposing a non-thermal atmospheric pressure nitrogen plasma generated a sinusoidal power supply (with an applied voltage of 10 kV and frequency of 33 kHz) on a water surface. Besides this, UV excitation of water molecules at the water interface was also done in order to disassociate water. Hydrogen and hydroxyl radical obtained from this UV photolysis electrochemically combine with nitrogen atom obtained from plasma. As a result of this, nitrogen fixation on plasma-activated water (PAW) significantly enhanced. The amount of nitrogen-based products like NOₓ and ammonia (NH₃) synthesized by this combined process of UV and plasma are 1.4 and 2.8 times higher than those obtained by plasma alone. In every 48 hours, 20 ml of plasma-activated water (pH≈3.15) for 10 minutes with moderate concentrations of NOₓ, NH₃ and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) was irrigated on each corn plant (Zea Mays). It was found that the PAW has shown a significant impact on seeds germination rate and improved seedling growth. The result obtained from this experiment suggested that crop yield could increase in a short duration. In the future, this experiment could open boundless opportunities in plasma agriculture to mobilize nitrogen because nitrite, nitrate, and ammonia are more suitable for plant uptake. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma-assisted%20nitrogen%20fixation" title="plasma-assisted nitrogen fixation">plasma-assisted nitrogen fixation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen%20plasma" title=" nitrogen plasma"> nitrogen plasma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UV%20excitation%20of%20water" title=" UV excitation of water"> UV excitation of water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ammonia%20synthesis" title=" ammonia synthesis"> ammonia synthesis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118194/plasma-assisted-nitrogen-fixation-for-the-elevation-of-seed-germination-and-plant-growth" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118194.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3410</span> Fast-Modulated Surface-Confined Plasma for Catalytic Nitrogen Fixation and Energy Intensification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pradeep%20Lamichhane">Pradeep Lamichhane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nima%20Pourali"> Nima Pourali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20V.%20Rebrov"> E. V. Rebrov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Volker%20Hessel"> Volker Hessel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nitrogen fixation is critical for plants for the biosynthesis of protein and nucleic acid. Most of our atmosphere is nitrogen, yet plants cannot directly absorb it from the air, and natural nitrogen fixation is insufficient to meet the demands. This experiment used a fast-modulated surface-confined atmospheric pressure plasma created by a 6 kV (peak-peak) sinusoidal power source with a repetition frequency of 68 kHz to fix nitrogen. Plasmas have been proposed for excitation of nitrogen gas, which quickly oxidised to NOX. With different N2/O2 input ratios, the rate of NOX generation was investigated. The rate of NOX production was shown to be optimal for mixtures of 60–70% O2 with N2. To boost NOX production in plasma, metal oxide catalysts based on TiO2 were coated over the dielectric layer of a reactor. These results demonstrate that nitrogen activation was more advantageous in surface-confined plasma sources because micro-discharges formed on the sharp edges of the electrodes, which is a primary function attributed to NOX synthesis and is further enhanced by metal oxide catalysts. The energy-efficient and sustainable NOX synthesis described in this study will offer a fresh perspective for ongoing research on green nitrogen fixation techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen%20fixation" title="nitrogen fixation">nitrogen fixation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fast-modulated" title=" fast-modulated"> fast-modulated</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface-confined" title=" surface-confined"> surface-confined</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable" title=" sustainable"> sustainable</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154873/fast-modulated-surface-confined-plasma-for-catalytic-nitrogen-fixation-and-energy-intensification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154873.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">107</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3409</span> Nitrogen Fixation of Soybean Approaches for Enhancing under Saline and Water Stress Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayman%20El%20Sabagh">Ayman El Sabagh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AbdElhamid%20Omar"> AbdElhamid Omar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dekoum%20Assaha"> Dekoum Assaha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khair%20Mohammad%20Youldash"> Khair Mohammad Youldash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akihiro%20Ueda"> Akihiro Ueda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Celaleddin%20Barut%C3%A7ular"> Celaleddin Barutçular</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hirofumi%20Saneoka"> Hirofumi Saneoka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Drought and salinity stress are a worldwide problem, constraining global crop production seriously. Hence, soybean is susceptible to yield loss from water deficit and salinity stress. Therefore, different approaches have been suggested to solve these issues. Osmoprotectants play an important role in protection the plants from various environmental stresses. Moreover, organic fertilization has several beneficial effects on agricultural fields. Presently, efforts to maximize nitrogen fixation in soybean are critical because of widespread increase in soil degradation in Egypt. Therefore, a greenhouse research was conducted at plant nutritional physiology laboratory, Hiroshima University, Japan for assessing the impact of exogenous osmoregulators and compost application in alleviating the adverse effects of salinity and water stress on soybean. Treatments was included (i) water stress treatments (different soil moisture levels consisting of (100%, 75%, and 50% of field water holding capacity), (ii) salinity concentrations (0 and 15 mM) were applied in fully developed trifoliolate leaf node (V1), (iii) compost treatments (0 and 24 t ha-1) and (iv) the exogenous, proline and glycine betaine concentrations (0 mM and 25 mM) for each, was applied at two growth stages (V1 and R1). The seeds of soybean cultivar Giza 111, was sown into basin from wood (length10 meter, width 50cm, height 50cm and depth 350cm) containing a soil mixture of granite regosol soil and perlite (2:1 v/v). The nitrogen-fixing activity was estimated by using gas chromatography and all measurements were made in three replicates. The results showed that water deficit and salinity stress reduced biological nitrogen fixation and specific nodule activity than normal irrigation conditions. Exogenous osmoprotectants were improved biological nitrogen fixation and specific nodule activity as well as, applying of compost led to improving many of biological nitrogen fixation and specific nodule activity with superiority than stress conditions. The combined application compost fertilizer and exogenous osmoprotectants were more effective in alleviating the adverse effect of stress to improve biological nitrogen fixation and specific nodule activity of Soybean. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=a%20biotic%20stress" title="a biotic stress">a biotic stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20nitrogen%20fixation" title=" biological nitrogen fixation"> biological nitrogen fixation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compost" title=" compost"> compost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osmoprotectants" title=" osmoprotectants"> osmoprotectants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specific%20nodule%20activity" title=" specific nodule activity"> specific nodule activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soybean" title=" soybean"> soybean</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52272/nitrogen-fixation-of-soybean-approaches-for-enhancing-under-saline-and-water-stress-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52272.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3408</span> The Effect of Salinity on Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Alfalfa and Faba Bean</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mouffok%20Ahlem">Mouffok Ahlem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belhamra%20Mohamed"> Belhamra Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mouffok%20Sihem"> Mouffok Sihem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of nitrogen fertilizers inevitable consequence, the increase in the nitrate content of water, which may contribute to the production of nitrite and the formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines. The nitrogen fertilizer may also affect the structure and function of the microbial community. And the fight against eutrophication of aquatic environments represents a cost to the student statements. The agronomic, ecological and economic legumes such as faba beans and alfalfa are not demonstrated, especially in the case of semi-arid and arid areas. Osmotic stress due to drought and / or salinity deficit, nutritional deficiencies is the major factors limiting symbiotic nitrogen fixation and productivity of pulses. To study the symbiotic nitrogen fixation in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in the region of Biskra, we used soil samples collected from 30 locations. This work has identified several issues of ecological and agronomic interest. Evaluation of symbiotic potential of soils in the region of Biskra; by trapping technique, show different levels of susceptibility to rhizobial microflora. The effectiveness of the rhizobial symbiosis in both legumes indicates that air dry biomass and the amount of nitrogen accumulated in the aerial part, depends mainly on the rate of nodulation and regardless of the species and locality. The correlation between symbiotic nitrogen fixation and some physico-chemical properties of soils shows that symbiotic nitrogen fixation in both legumes is strongly related to soil conditions of the soil. Salinity disrupts the physiological process of growth, development and more particularly that of the symbiotic fixation of atmospheric nitrogen. Against by phosphorus promotes rhizobial symbiosis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhizobia" title="rhizobia">rhizobia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=faba%20bean" title=" faba bean"> faba bean</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alfalfa" title=" alfalfa"> alfalfa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salinity" title=" salinity"> salinity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16934/the-effect-of-salinity-on-symbiotic-nitrogen-fixation-in-alfalfa-and-faba-bean" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16934.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">460</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3407</span> Nitrogen Fixation, Cytokinin and Exopolysachharide Production by indigenous Azotobacter spp. from East Nusa Tenggara </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reginawanti%20Hindersah">Reginawanti Hindersah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Widiya%20Septiani%20Perdanawati"> Widiya Septiani Perdanawati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dewi%20Azizah%20Sulaksana"> Dewi Azizah Sulaksana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hidiyah%20Ayu%20Ma%E2%80%99rufah"> Hidiyah Ayu Ma’rufah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Maize in some region in East Nusa Tenggara Indonesia bordering Republic Democratic of Timor Leste is important local food crop and commonly cultivated using conventional method without appropriate plant nutrition system so that productivity is still low. A way to enhance local corn yield is adding biofertilizer containing nitrogen (N2) fixing bacteria such as Azotobacter. The purpose of this research was to determine N2 fixation, cytokinin as well as exopolysachharide production capacity of six indigenous Azotobacter strains in pure culture. The N2 fixation capacities of native 3 day old Azotobacter strains added to Ashby Media varied from 0.01 to 0.39 µM/g/hour. Cytokinin production of these strain in liquid culture of N-free Media was 0.11 to 40.04 ppm while exopolysachharide content in liquid culture of Vermani Media varied from 0.4 to 27.3 g/L. This results demonstrate that some local Azotobacter strains might be used as biofertilizer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=azotobacter" title="azotobacter">azotobacter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20isolate" title=" local isolate"> local isolate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N%20fixation" title=" N fixation"> N fixation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phythohormone" title=" phythohormone"> phythohormone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exopolysaccaride" title=" exopolysaccaride"> exopolysaccaride</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24247/nitrogen-fixation-cytokinin-and-exopolysachharide-production-by-indigenous-azotobacter-spp-from-east-nusa-tenggara" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24247.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3406</span> Nitrogen Fixation in Hare Gastrointestinal Tract</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tatiana%20A.%20Kuznetsova">Tatiana A. Kuznetsova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maxim%20V.%20Vechersky"> Maxim V. Vechersky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natalia%20V.%20Kostina"> Natalia V. Kostina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marat%20M.%20Umarov"> Marat M. Umarov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elena%20I.%20Naumova"> Elena I. Naumova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the main problems of nutrition of phytophagous animals is the insufficiency of protein in their forage. Usually, symbiotic microorganisms highly contribute both to carbohydrates and nitrogen compounds of the food. But it is not easy to utilize microbial biomass in the large intestine and caecum for the animals with hindgut fermentation. So that, some animals, as well hares, developed special mechanism of contribution of such biomass - obligate autocoprophagy, or reingestion. Hares have two types of feces - the hard and the soft. Hard feces are excreted at night, while hares are vigilance ("foraging period"), and the soft ones (caecotrophs) are produced and reingested in the day-time during hares "resting-period". We examine the role of microbial digestion in providing nitrogen nutrition of hare (Lepus europaeus). We determine the ability of nitrogen fixation in fornix and stomach body, small intestine, caecum and colon of hares' gastro-intestinal tract in two main period of hares activity - "resting-period" (day time) and "foraging period" (late-evening and very-early-morning). We use gas chromatography to measure levels of nitrogen fixing activity (acetylene reduction). Nitrogen fixing activity was detected in the contents of all analyzed parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Maximum values were recorded in the large intestine. Also daily dynamics of the process was detected. Thus, during hare “resting-period” (caecotrophs formation) N2-fixing activity was significantly higher than during “foraging period”, reaching 0,3 nmol C2H4/g*h. N2-fixing activity in the gastrointestinal tract can allocate to significant contribution of nitrogen fixers to microbial digestion in hare and confirms the importance of coprophagy as a nitrogen source in lagomorphs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coprophagy" title="coprophagy">coprophagy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gastrointestinal%20tract" title=" gastrointestinal tract"> gastrointestinal tract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lagomorphs" title=" lagomorphs"> lagomorphs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen%20fixation" title=" nitrogen fixation"> nitrogen fixation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29193/nitrogen-fixation-in-hare-gastrointestinal-tract" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29193.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">364</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3405</span> Effects of Chemical and Biological Fertilizer on, Yield, Nitrogen Uptake and Nitrogen Harvest Index of Rice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azin%20Nasrollah%20Zadeh">Azin Nasrollah Zadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A factorial experiment was applied to evaluate the effect of chemical and biological fertilizer on yield, total nitrogen uptake and NHI of rice. Four biological treatments including:(M1:no fertilizer),( M2:10 ton/ha cow dung ),(M3:20 ton/ha cow dung) and (M4:5 ton/ha azolla compost) and four chemical fertilizer treatments including: (S1: no fertilizer),(S2:40 kg N /ha),(S3:60 kg N /ha) and ( S4:80 kg N /ha ) were compared. Results showed that highest rate of yield (3387 kg/ha) and total nitrogen uptake (81.4 kg/ha) were reached the highest value at M4. Among the chemical fertilizers the highest grain yield (3373 kg/ha) and total nitrogen uptake (87.7) belonged to highest nitrogen level (S4).Also biological and chemical fertilizers were no significant on Harvest index (NHI). Interaction effect of chemical × biological fertilizers didn't show significant difference between all parameters except of yield, as the most grain yield were obtained in M4S4. So it can be concluded that using of bioilogical fertilizers at appropriate rate and type, considering plant requirement, may improve grain yield, nitrogen uptake and use efficiency in rice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=azolla" title="azolla">azolla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fertilizer" title=" fertilizer"> fertilizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen%20uptake" title=" nitrogen uptake"> nitrogen uptake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice" title=" rice"> rice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield" title=" yield"> yield</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28466/effects-of-chemical-and-biological-fertilizer-on-yield-nitrogen-uptake-and-nitrogen-harvest-index-of-rice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28466.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">293</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3404</span> The Optimal Production of Long-Beans in the Swamp Land by Application of Rhizobium and Rice Husk Ash</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasan%20Basri%20Jumin">Hasan Basri Jumin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The swamp land contains high iron, aluminum, and low pH. Calcium and magnesium in the rice husk ash can reduce plant poisoning so that plant growth increases in fertility. The first factor was the doze of rice husk, and the second factor was 0.0 g rhizobium inoculant /kg seed, 4.0 g rhizobium inoculant/kg seed, 8 g rhizobium inoculant /kg seed, and 12 g l rhizobium inoculant /kg seed. The plants were maintained under light conditions with a + 11.45 – 12.15 hour photoperiod. The combination between rhizobium inoculant and rice husk ash has been an interacting effect on the production of long bean pod fresh weight. The mean relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, and pod fresh weight are increased by a combination of husk rice ash and rhizobium inoculant. Rice husk ash affected increases the availability of nitrogen in the land, albeit in poor condition of nutrition. Rhizobium is active in creating a fixation of nitrogen in the atmosphere because rhizobium increases the abilities of intercellular and symbiotic nitrogen in the long beans. The combination of rice husk ash and rhizobium could be effected to create a thriving in the land. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminium" title="aluminium">aluminium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium" title=" calcium"> calcium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixation" title=" fixation"> fixation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron" title=" iron"> iron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen" title=" nitrogen"> nitrogen</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164831/the-optimal-production-of-long-beans-in-the-swamp-land-by-application-of-rhizobium-and-rice-husk-ash" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164831.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3403</span> Iron Doping Enhanced Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation Performance of WO₃ with Three-Dimensionally Orderd Macroporous Structure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoling%20Ren">Xiaoling Ren</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guidong%20Yang"> Guidong Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ammonia, as one of the largest-volume industrial chemicals, is mostly produced by century-old Haber-Bosch process with extreme conditionsand high-cost. Under the circumstance, researchersarededicated in finding new ways to replace the Haber-Bosch process. Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation is a promising sustainable, clear and green strategy for ammonia synthesis, butit is still a big challenge due to the high activation energy for nitrogen. It is essential to develop an efficient photocatalyst for making this approach industrial application. Constructing chemisorption active sites through defect engineering can be defined as an effective and reliable means to improve nitrogen activation by forming the extraordinary coordination environment and electronic structure. Besides, the construction of three-dimensionally orderdmacroporous (3DOM) structured photocatalyst is considered to be one of effectivestrategiesto improve the activity due to it canincrease the diffusion rate of reactants in the interior, which isbeneficial to the mass transfer process of nitrogen molecules in photocatalytic nitrogen reduction. Herein, Fe doped 3DOM WO₃(Fe-3DOM WO₃) without noble metal cocatalysts is synthesized by a polystyrene-template strategy, which is firstly used for photocatalytic nitrogen fixation. To elucidate the chemical nature of the dopant, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysiswas conducted. The pure 3DOM WO₃ has a monoclinic type crystal structure. And no additional peak is observed in Fe doped 3DOM WO₃, indicating that the incorporation of Fe atoms did not result in a secondary phase formation. In order to confirm the morphologies of Fe-3DOM WO₃and 3DOM WO₃, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed. The synthesized Fe-3DOM WO₃and 3DOM WO₃ both exhibit a highly ordered three dimensional inverse opal structure with interconnected pores. From high-resolution TEM image of Fe-3DOM WO₃, the ordered lattice fringes with a spacing of 3.84 Å can be assigned to the (001) plane of WO₃, which is consistent with the XRD results. Finally, the photocatalytic nitrogen reduction performance of 3DOM WO₃ and Fe doped 3DOM WO₃with various Fe contents were examined. As a result, both Fe-3DOM WO₃ samples achieve higher ammonia production rate than that of pure 3DOM WO₃, indicating that the doped Fe plays a critical role in the photocatalytic nitrogen fixation performance. To verify the reaction process upon N2 reduction on the Fe-3DOM WO₃, in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy was employed to monitor the intermediates. The in-situ DRIFTS spectra of Fe-3DOM WO₃ exhibit the increased signals with the irradiation time from 0–60min in the N2 atmosphere. The above results prove that nitrogen is gradually hydrogenated to produce ammonia over Fe-3DOM WO₃. Thiswork would enrich our knowledge in designing efficient photocatalystsfor photocatalytic nitrogen reduction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ammonia" title="ammonia">ammonia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalytic" title=" photocatalytic"> photocatalytic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen%20fixation" title=" nitrogen fixation"> nitrogen fixation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fe%20doped%203DOM%20WO%E2%82%83" title=" Fe doped 3DOM WO₃"> Fe doped 3DOM WO₃</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143923/iron-doping-enhanced-photocatalytic-nitrogen-fixation-performance-of-wo3-with-three-dimensionally-orderd-macroporous-structure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143923.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3402</span> Effects of Excess-Iron Stress on Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation Efficiency of Yardlong-Bean Plants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Li">Hong Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tingxian%20Li"> Tingxian Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xudong%20Wang"> Xudong Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qinghuo%20Lin"> Qinghuo Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Excess-iron (Fe) stresses involved in legume symbiotic nitrogen fixation are not understood. Our objectives were to investigate the tolerance of yardlong-bean plants to soil excess-Fe stress and antagonistic effects of organic amendments and rhizobial inoculants on plant root nodulation and stem ureide formation. The study was conducted in the tropical Hainan Island during 2012-2013. The soil was strongly acidic (pH 5.3±0.4) and highly variable in Fe concentrations(596±79 mg/kg). The treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with three blocks. The treatment effects were significant on root nodulation, stem ureide, amino acids, plant N/Fe accumulation and bean yields (P<0.05). The yardlong-bean stem allantoin, amino acids and nitrate concentrations and relative ureide % declined with high soil Fe concentrations (>300 mg/kg). It was concluded that the co-variance of excess Fe stress could inhibit legume symbiotic N fixation efficiency. Organic amendments and rhizobial inoculants could help improve crop tolerance to excess Fe stress. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atmospheric%20N%20fixation" title="atmospheric N fixation">atmospheric N fixation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root%20nodulation" title=" root nodulation"> root nodulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20Fe%20co-variance" title=" soil Fe co-variance"> soil Fe co-variance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stem%20ureide" title=" stem ureide"> stem ureide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yardlong-bean%20plants" title=" yardlong-bean plants"> yardlong-bean plants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10233/effects-of-excess-iron-stress-on-symbiotic-nitrogen-fixation-efficiency-of-yardlong-bean-plants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10233.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3401</span> Plant Growth, Symbiotic Performance and Grain Yield of 63 Common Bean Genotypes Grown Under Field Conditions at Malkerns Eswatini</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rotondwa%20P.%20Gunununu">Rotondwa P. Gunununu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustapha%20Mohammed"> Mustapha Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felix%20D.%20Dakora"> Felix D. Dakora</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Common bean is the most importantly high protein grain legume grown in Southern Africa for human consumption and income generation. Although common bean can associate with rhizobia to fix N₂ for bacterial use and plant growth, it is reported to be a poor nitrogen fixer when compared to other legumes. N₂ fixation can vary with legume species, genotype and rhizobial strain. Therefore, screening legume germplasm can reveal rhizobia/genotype combinations with high N₂-fixing efficiency for use by farmers. This study assessed symbiotic performance and N₂ fixation in 63 common bean genotypes under field conditions at Malkerns Station in Eswatini, using the ¹⁵N natural abundance technique. The shoots of common bean genotypes were sampled at a pod-filling stage, oven-dried (65oC for 72h), weighed, ground into a fine powder (0.50 mm sieve), and subjected to ¹⁵N/¹⁴N isotopic analysis using mass spectrometry. At maturity, plants from the inner rows were harvested for the determination of grain yield. The results revealed significantly higher modulation (p≤0.05) in genotypes MCA98 and CIM-RM01-97-8 relative to the other genotypes. Shoot N concentration was highest in genotype MCA 98, followed by KAB 10 F2.8-84, with most genotypes showing shoot N concentrations below 2%. Percent N derived from atmospheric N₂ fixation (%Ndfa) differed markedly among genotypes, with CIM-RM01-92-3 and DAB 174, respectively, recording the highest values of 66.65% and 66.22 % N derived from fixation. There were also significant differences in grain yield, with CIM-RM02-79-1 producing the highest yield (3618.75 kg/ha). These results represent an important contribution in the profiling of symbiotic functioning of common bean germplasm for improved N₂ fixation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen%20fixation" title="nitrogen fixation">nitrogen fixation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%25Ndfa" title=" %Ndfa"> %Ndfa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C2%B9%E2%81%B5N%20natural%20abundance" title="¹⁵N natural abundance">¹⁵N natural abundance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grain%20yield" title=" grain yield"> grain yield</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140469/plant-growth-symbiotic-performance-and-grain-yield-of-63-common-bean-genotypes-grown-under-field-conditions-at-malkerns-eswatini" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140469.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">218</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3400</span> Impact of Heavy Metal Toxicity on Metabolic Changes in the Diazotrophic Cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7120 </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rishi%20Saxena">Rishi Saxena</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cyanobacteria is a photosynthetic prokaryote, and these obtain their energy through photosynthesis. In this paper, we studied the effect of iron on metabolic changes in the diazotrophic cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7120. Nowadays, metal contamination due to natural and anthropogenic sources is a global environment concern. Iron induced changes in growth, N2-fixation, CO2 fixation and photosynthetic activity were studied in a diazotrophic cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7120. Iron at 50 uM concentration supported the maximum growth, heterocyst frequency, CO2 fixation, photosystem I (PS I), photosystem II (PS II) and nitrogenase activities in the organism. Higher concentration of iron inhibited these processes. Chl a and PS II activities were more sensitive to iron than the protein and PS I activity. Here, it is also mentioned that heavy metal induced altered macromolecules metabolism and changes in the central dogma of life (DNA→ mRNA → Protein). And also recent advances have been made in understanding heavy metal-cyanobacteria interaction and their application for metal detoxification. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyanobacterium%20anabaena%207120" title="cyanobacterium anabaena 7120">cyanobacterium anabaena 7120</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen%20fixation" title=" nitrogen fixation"> nitrogen fixation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photosystem%20I%20%28PS%20I%29" title=" photosystem I (PS I)"> photosystem I (PS I)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photosystem%20II%20%28PS%20II%29" title=" photosystem II (PS II)"> photosystem II (PS II)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120954/impact-of-heavy-metal-toxicity-on-metabolic-changes-in-the-diazotrophic-cyanobacterium-anabaena-pcc-7120" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120954.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3399</span> The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Use Efficiency in Corn Yield and Yield Components in Cultivars KSC 704</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elham%20Bagherzadeh">Elham Bagherzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Fadaee"> Mohammad Fadaee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rouhollah%20Keykhosravi"> Rouhollah Keykhosravi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to survey the nitrogen use efficiency in corn, the experimental plot in a randomized complete block design 2014 agricultural farm was Islamic Azad University of Karaj. The main factor was four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (respectively control, 150, 200 and 250 kg nitrogen fertilizer) and subplots consisted two levels of superabsorbent polymer Stockosorb (use, do not use). Analysis of variance is showed that different nitrogen levels and different superabsorbent of levels statistically significant. Comparisons average also showed there is a significant difference between use and non-use of superabsorbent. The results showed the interactions nitrogen and SAP by one percent level has a significant and effect on Fresh weight per plant, plant dry weight, biological yield, harvest index, cob diameter, cob dry weight, leaf width, leaf area were at the level of five percent statistical significant effect on Ear weight and grain yield. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corn" title="corn">corn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen" title=" nitrogen"> nitrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparison" title=" comparison"> comparison</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20yield" title=" biological yield"> biological yield</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45828/the-effect-of-nitrogen-fertilizer-use-efficiency-in-corn-yield-and-yield-components-in-cultivars-ksc-704" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45828.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3398</span> Amblyopia and Eccentric Fixation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kristine%20Kalnica-Dorosenko">Kristine Kalnica-Dorosenko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aiga%20Svede"> Aiga Svede</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Amblyopia or 'lazy eye' is impaired or dim vision without obvious defect or change in the eye. It is often associated with abnormal visual experience, most commonly strabismus, anisometropia or both, and form deprivation. The main task of amblyopia treatment is to ameliorate etiological factors to create a clear retinal image and, to ensure the participation of the amblyopic eye in the visual process. The treatment of amblyopia and eccentric fixation is usually associated with problems in the therapy. Eccentric fixation is present in around 44% of all patients with amblyopia and in 30% of patients with strabismic amblyopia. In Latvia, amblyopia is carefully treated in various clinics, but eccentricity diagnosis is relatively rare. Conflict which has developed relating to the relationship between the visual disorder and the degree of eccentric fixation in amblyopia should to be rethoughted, because it has an important bearing on the cause and treatment of amblyopia, and the role of the eccentric fixation in this case. Visuoscopy is the most frequently used method for determination of eccentric fixation. With traditional visuoscopy, a fixation target is projected onto the patient retina, and the examiner asks to look straight directly at the center of the target. An optometrist then observes the point on the macula used for fixation. This objective test provides clinicians with direct observation of the fixation point of the eye. It requires patients to voluntarily fixate the target and assumes the foveal reflex accurately demarcates the center of the foveal pit. In the end, by having a very simple method to evaluate fixation, it is possible to indirectly evaluate treatment improvement, as eccentric fixation is always associated with reduced visual acuity. So, one may expect that if eccentric fixation in amlyopic eye is found with visuoscopy, then visual acuity should be less than 1.0 (in decimal units). With occlusion or another amblyopia therapy, one would expect both visual acuity and fixation to improve simultaneously, that is fixation would become more central. Consequently, improvement in fixation pattern by treatment is an indirect measurement of improvement of visual acuity. Evaluation of eccentric fixation in the child may be helpful in identifying amblyopia in children prior to measurement of visual acuity. This is very important because the earlier amblyopia is diagnosed – the better the chance of improving visual acuity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amblyopia" title="amblyopia">amblyopia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eccentric%20fixation" title=" eccentric fixation"> eccentric fixation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20acuity" title=" visual acuity"> visual acuity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visuoscopy" title=" visuoscopy"> visuoscopy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129550/amblyopia-and-eccentric-fixation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129550.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3397</span> Co-Limitation of Iron Deficiency in Stem Allantoin and Amino-N Formation of Peanut Plants Intercropped with Cassava</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Li">Hong Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tingxian%20Li"> Tingxian Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xudong%20Wang"> Xudong Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weibo%20Yang"> Weibo Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Co-limitation of iron (Fe) deficiency in legume nitrogen fixation process is not well understood. Our objectives were to examine how peanut plants cope with Fe deficiency with the rhizobial inoculants and N-nutrient treatments. The study was conducted in the tropical Hainan Island during 2012-2013. The soil was strongly acidic (pH 4.6±0.7) and deficient in Fe (9.2±2.3 mg/kg). Peanut plants were intercropped with cassava. The inoculants and N treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with three blocks. Peanut root nodulation, stem allantoin, amino acids and plant N derived from fixation (P) reduced with declining soil Fe concentrations. The treatment interactions were significant on relative ureide % and peanut yields (P<0.05). Residual fixed N from peanut plants was beneficial to cassava plants. It was concluded that co-variance of Fe deficiency could influence peanut N fixation efficiency and rhizobia and N inputs could help improving peanut tolerance to Fe deficiency stress. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amino%20acids" title="amino acids">amino acids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20N%20derived%20from%20N%20fixation" title=" plant N derived from N fixation"> plant N derived from N fixation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root%20nodulation" title=" root nodulation"> root nodulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20Fe%20co-variance" title=" soil Fe co-variance"> soil Fe co-variance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stem%20ureide" title=" stem ureide"> stem ureide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peanuts" title=" peanuts"> peanuts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cassava" title=" cassava"> cassava</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10291/co-limitation-of-iron-deficiency-in-stem-allantoin-and-amino-n-formation-of-peanut-plants-intercropped-with-cassava" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10291.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3396</span> New Ethanol Method for Soft Tissue Imaging in Micro-CT</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matej%20Patzelt">Matej Patzelt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Dudak"> Jan Dudak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frantisek%20Krejci"> Frantisek Krejci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Zemlicka"> Jan Zemlicka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladimir%20Musil"> Vladimir Musil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jitka%20Riedlova"> Jitka Riedlova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Viktor%20Sykora"> Viktor Sykora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jana%20Mrzilkova"> Jana Mrzilkova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Petr%20Zach"> Petr Zach</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Micro-CT is well used for examination of bone structures and teeth. On the other hand visualization of the soft tissues is still limited. The goal of our study was to create a new fixation method for soft tissue imaging in micro-CT. Methodology: We used organs of 18 mice - heart, lungs, kidneys, liver and brain, which we fixated in ethanol after meticulous preparation. We fixated organs in different concentrations of ethanol and for different period of time. We used three types of ethanol concentration - 97%, 50% and ascending ethanol concentration (25%, 50%, 75%, 97% each for 12 hours). Fixated organs were scanned after 72 hours, 168 hours and 336 hours period of fixation. We scanned all specimens in micro-CT MARS (Medipix All Resolution System). Results: Ethanol method provided contrast enhancement in all studied organs in all used types of fixation. Fixation in 97% ethanol provided very fast fixation and the contrast among the tissues was visible already after 72 hours of fixation. Fixation for the period of 168 and 336 hours gave better details, especially in lung tissue, where alveoli were visualized. On the other hand, this type of fixation caused organs to petrify. Fixation in 50% ethanol provided best results in 336 hours fixation, details were visualized better than in 97% ethanol and samples were not as hard as in fixation in 97% ethanol. Best results were obtained in fixation in ascending ethanol concentration. All organs were visualized in great details, best-visualized organ was heart, where trabeculae and valves were visible. In this type of fixation, organs stayed soft for whole time. Conclusion: New ethanol method is a great option for soft tissue fixation as well as the method for enhancing contrast among tissues in organs. The best results were obtained with fixation of the organs in ascending ethanol concentration, the best visualized organ was the heart. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=x-ray%20imaging" title="x-ray imaging">x-ray imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20animals" title=" small animals"> small animals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethanol" title=" ethanol"> ethanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ex-vivo" title=" ex-vivo"> ex-vivo</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47376/new-ethanol-method-for-soft-tissue-imaging-in-micro-ct" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47376.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3395</span> Evaluation of Nitrogen Fixation Capabilities of Selected Pea Lines Grown under Different Environmental Conditions in Canadian Prairie</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chao%20Yang">Chao Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosalind%20Bueckert"> Rosalind Bueckert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeff%20Schoenau"> Jeff Schoenau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Axel%20Diederichsen"> Axel Diederichsen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Zakeri"> Hossein Zakeri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tom%20Warkentin"> Tom Warkentin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pea is a very popular pulse crop that widely grew in Western Canadian prairie. However, the N fixation capabilities of these pea lines were not well evaluated under local environmental conditions. In this study, 2 supernodulating mutants Frisson P64 Sym29, Frisson P88 Sym28 along with their wild parent Frisson, 1 hypernodulating mutant Rondo-nod3 (fix+) along with its wild parent Rondo, 1 non-nodulating mutant Frisson P56 (nod-) and 2 commercial pea cultivar CDC Meadow and CDC Dakota which are widely planted in Western Canada were selected in order to evaluate the capabilities of their BNF, biomass, and yield production in symbiosis with R. leguminosarumbv. viciae, Our results showed different environmental conditions and variation of pea lines could both significantly impact days to flowering (DTF), days to podding (DTP), biomass and yield of tested pea lines (P < 0.0001), suggesting consideration of environmental factors could be important when selecting pea cultivar for local farming under different soil zones in Western Canada. Significant interaction effects between environmental conditions and pea lines were found on pea N fixation as well (P = 0.001), suggesting changes in N fixation capability of the same pea cultivar when grown under different environmental conditions. Our results provide useful information for farming and better opportunity for selection of pea cultivars with higher N-fixing capacity during breeding programs in Western Canada. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Canadian%20prairie" title="Canadian prairie">Canadian prairie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20condition" title=" environmental condition"> environmental condition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N%20fixation" title=" N fixation"> N fixation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pea%20cultivar" title=" pea cultivar"> pea cultivar</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48483/evaluation-of-nitrogen-fixation-capabilities-of-selected-pea-lines-grown-under-different-environmental-conditions-in-canadian-prairie" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48483.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3394</span> Effect of Chemical, Organic and Biological Nitrogen on Yield and Yield Components of Soybean Cultivars </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Hatami">Hamid Hatami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This experiment was included two cultivars i.e. Habbit and L17 (Main factor) with six fertilizer treatments i.e. control, seed inoculated with rhyzobium, base nitrogen + top-dress urea at R2 stage, base nitrogen + seed inoculated with rhyzobium + top-dress nitrogen at R2 stage, seed treated with humax + top-dress humax at R2 stage, base nitrogen + seed treated with humax + top-dress humax at R2 stage (sub factors ), as split-plot on the basis of RCBD with 3 replications at 2014. Treatment fertilizer of base nitrogen + seed treated with humax + top- dress humax at R2 stage and base nitrogen + top-dress urea in R2 stage had a significant superiority than the other fertilizer treatment in biological yield. L17 and Habbit with base nitrogen + seed treated with humax + top-dress humax in R2 stage and yield economical 5600 and 5767 kg/ha respectively, showed the most economical yield and Habbit cultivar with control and economical yield 3085 kg/ha showed the least economical yield among all the treatments. Results showed that fertilizer treatment of base nitrogen + seed treated with humax + top-dress humax in R2 stage and Habbit variety were suitable in this study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soybean" title="soybean">soybean</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humax" title=" humax"> humax</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhyzobium" title=" rhyzobium"> rhyzobium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=habbit" title=" habbit"> habbit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62699/effect-of-chemical-organic-and-biological-nitrogen-on-yield-and-yield-components-of-soybean-cultivars" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62699.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">455</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3393</span> Analyze and Visualize Eye-Tracking Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aymen%20Sekhri">Aymen Sekhri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuel%20Kwabena%20Frimpong"> Emmanuel Kwabena Frimpong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bolaji%20Mubarak%20Ayeyemi"> Bolaji Mubarak Ayeyemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aleksi%20Hirvonen"> Aleksi Hirvonen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matias%20Hirvonen"> Matias Hirvonen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tedros%20Tesfay%20Andemichael"> Tedros Tesfay Andemichael</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fixation identification, which involves isolating and identifying fixations and saccades in eye-tracking protocols, is an important aspect of eye-movement data processing that can have a big impact on higher-level analyses. However, fixation identification techniques are frequently discussed informally and rarely compared in any meaningful way. With two state-of-the-art algorithms, we will implement fixation detection and analysis in this work. The velocity threshold fixation algorithm is the first algorithm, and it identifies fixation based on a threshold value. For eye movement detection, the second approach is U'n' Eye, a deep neural network algorithm. The goal of this project is to analyze and visualize eye-tracking data from an eye gaze dataset that has been provided. The data was collected in a scenario in which individuals were shown photos and asked whether or not they recognized them. The results of the two-fixation detection approach are contrasted and visualized in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human-computer%20interaction" title="human-computer interaction">human-computer interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eye-tracking" title=" eye-tracking"> eye-tracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CNN" title=" CNN"> CNN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixations" title=" fixations"> fixations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saccades" title=" saccades"> saccades</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149628/analyze-and-visualize-eye-tracking-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149628.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3392</span> Study on the Treatment of Waste Water Containing Nitrogen Heterocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Phenol-Induced Microbial Communities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhichao%20Li">Zhichao Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This project has treated the waste-water that contains the nitrogen heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, by using the phenol-induced microbial communities. The treatment of nitrogen heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is a difficult problem for coking waste-water treatment. Pyridine, quinoline and indole are three kinds of most common nitrogen heterocyclic compounds in the f, and treating these refractory organics biologically has always been a research focus. The phenol-degrading bacteria can be used in the enhanced biological treatment effectively, and has a good treatment effect. Therefore, using the phenol-induced microbial communities to treat the coking waste-water can remove multiple pollutants concurrently, and improve the treating efficiency of coking waste-water. Experiments have proved that the phenol-induced microbial communities can degrade the nitrogen heterocyclic ring aromatic hydrocarbon efficiently. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenol" title="phenol">phenol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen%20heterocyclic%20aromatic%20hydrocarbons" title=" nitrogen heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons"> nitrogen heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenol-degrading%20bacteria" title=" phenol-degrading bacteria"> phenol-degrading bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20communities" title=" microbial communities"> microbial communities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20treatment%20technology" title=" biological treatment technology"> biological treatment technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78438/study-on-the-treatment-of-waste-water-containing-nitrogen-heterocyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons-by-phenol-induced-microbial-communities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78438.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3391</span> Variability for Nodulation and Yield Traits in Biofertilizer Treated and Untreated Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Varieties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Areej%20Javaid">Areej Javaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nishat%20%20Fatima"> Nishat Fatima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehwish%20Naseer"> Mehwish Naseer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is a tremendous use of biofertilizers in agriculture to increase crop productivity. Pakistan spends a huge amount on the purchase of synthetic fertilizers every year. The use of natural compounds to harness crop productivity is the major area of interest nowadays due to being safe for human health and the environment as well. Legumes have the intrinsic quality to enrich the nutrient status of soil because of the presence of nitrogen fixation bacteria on nodules. This research determined the effect of biofertilizer on nodulation attributes and yield of the pea plant. Seeds of pea varieties were treated with a slurry of biofertilizer prepared in a 10% sugar solution just before seed sowing. The impact of biofertilizer on different parameters of growth, yield and nodulation was observed. Analysis of variance showed that plant height, days to flowering, number of nodes, days to first pod, root length and plant height exhibited significant genetic variation. All the yield parameters, including the number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed fresh and dry weight showed significant results under treatment. Among nodulation parameters, nodule number responded positively to biofertilizer treatment. Genotypes 2001-40 showed better performance followed by 2001-20 and LINA-PAK in all the parameters, whereas 2001-40 and 2001-20 performed well in nodulation and yield parameters. Consequently, seed treatment with biofertilizer before sowing is recommended to obtain higher crop yield. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20nitrogen%20fixation" title="biological nitrogen fixation">biological nitrogen fixation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlation%20analysis" title=" correlation analysis"> correlation analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantitative%20inheritance" title=" quantitative inheritance"> quantitative inheritance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=varietal%20responses" title=" varietal responses"> varietal responses</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116679/variability-for-nodulation-and-yield-traits-in-biofertilizer-treated-and-untreated-pea-pisum-sativum-l-varieties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116679.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3390</span> Assessment of N₂ Fixation and Water-Use Efficiency in a Soybean-Sorghum Rotation System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mmatladi%20D.%20Mnguni">Mmatladi D. Mnguni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustapha%20Mohammed"> Mustapha Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20Y.%20Mahama"> George Y. Mahama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alhassan%20L.%20Abdulai"> Alhassan L. Abdulai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felix%20D.%20Dakora"> Felix D. Dakora</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Industrial-based nitrogen (N) fertilizers are justifiably credited for the current state of food production across the globe, but their continued use is not sustainable and has an adverse effect on the environment. The search for greener and sustainable technologies has led to an increase in exploiting biological systems such as legumes and organic amendments for plant growth promotion in cropping systems. Although the benefits of legume rotation with cereal crops have been documented, the full benefits of soybean-sorghum rotation systems have not been properly evaluated in Africa. This study explored the benefits of soybean-sorghum rotation through assessing N₂ fixation and water-use efficiency of soybean in rotation with sorghum with and without organic and inorganic amendments. The field trials were conducted from 2017 to 2020. Sorghum was grown on plots previously cultivated to soybean and vice versa. The succeeding sorghum crop received fertilizer amendments [organic fertilizer (5 tons/ha as poultry litter, OF); inorganic fertilizer (80N-60P-60K) IF; organic + inorganic fertilizer (OF+IF); half organic + inorganic fertilizer (HIF+OF); organic + half inorganic fertilizer (OF+HIF); half organic + half inorganic (HOF+HIF) and control] and was arranged in a randomized complete block design. The soybean crop succeeding fertilized sorghum received a blanket application of triple superphosphate at 26 kg P ha⁻¹. Nitrogen fixation and water-use efficiency were respectively assessed at the flowering stage using the ¹⁵N and ¹³C natural abundance techniques. The results showed that the shoot dry matter of soybean plants supplied with HOF+HIF was much higher (43.20 g plant-1), followed by OF+HIF (36.45 g plant⁻¹), and HOF+IF (33.50 g plant⁻¹). Shoot N concentration ranged from 1.60 to 1.66%, and total N content from 339 to 691 mg N plant⁻¹. The δ¹⁵N values of soybean shoots ranged from -1.17‰ to -0.64‰, with plants growing on plots previously treated to HOF+HIF exhibiting much higher δ¹⁵N values, and hence lower percent N derived from N₂ fixation (%Ndfa). Shoot %Ndfa values varied from 70 to 82%. The high %Ndfa values obtained in this study suggest that the previous year’s organic and inorganic fertilizer amendments to sorghum did not inhibit N₂ fixation in the following soybean crop. The amount of N-fixed by soybean ranged from 106 to 197 kg N ha⁻¹. The treatments showed marked variations in carbon (C) content, with HOF+HIF treatment recording the highest C content. Although water-use efficiency varied from -29.32‰ to -27.85‰, shoot water-use efficiency, C concentration, and C:N ratio were not altered by previous fertilizer application to sorghum. This study provides strong evidence that previous HOF+HIF sorghum residues can enhance N nutrition and water-use efficiency in nodulated soybean. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C2%B9%C2%B3C%20and%20%C2%B9%E2%81%B5N%20natural%20abundance" title="¹³C and ¹⁵N natural abundance">¹³C and ¹⁵N natural abundance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N-fixed" title=" N-fixed"> N-fixed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20and%20inorganic%20fertilizer%20amendments" title=" organic and inorganic fertilizer amendments"> organic and inorganic fertilizer amendments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shoot%20%25Ndfa" title=" shoot %Ndfa"> shoot %Ndfa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140581/assessment-of-n2-fixation-and-water-use-efficiency-in-a-soybean-sorghum-rotation-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140581.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3389</span> Eye Tracking: Biometric Evaluations of Instructional Materials for Improved Learning </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Janet%20Holland">Janet Holland</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Eye tracking is a great way to triangulate multiple data sources for deeper, more complete knowledge of how instructional materials are really being used and emotional connections made. Using sensor based biometrics provides a detailed local analysis in real time expanding our ability to collect science based data for a more comprehensive level of understanding, not previously possible, for teaching and learning. The knowledge gained will be used to make future improvements to instructional materials, tools, and interactions. The literature has been examined and a preliminary pilot test was implemented to develop a methodology for research in Instructional Design and Technology. Eye tracking now offers the addition of objective metrics obtained from eye tracking and other biometric data collection with analysis for a fresh perspective. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=area%20of%20interest" title="area of interest">area of interest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eye%20tracking" title=" eye tracking"> eye tracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biometrics" title=" biometrics"> biometrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixation" title=" fixation"> fixation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixation%20count" title=" fixation count"> fixation count</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixation%20sequence" title=" fixation sequence"> fixation sequence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixation%20time" title=" fixation time"> fixation time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gaze%20points" title=" gaze points"> gaze points</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20map" title=" heat map"> heat map</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saccades" title=" saccades"> saccades</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20to%20first%20fixation" title=" time to first fixation"> time to first fixation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104914/eye-tracking-biometric-evaluations-of-instructional-materials-for-improved-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104914.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3388</span> Numerical Simulation and Analysis on Liquid Nitrogen Spray Heat Exchanger</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenjing%20Ding">Wenjing Ding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weiwei%20Shan"> Weiwei Shan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zijuan"> Zijuan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang"> Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chao%20He"> Chao He</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Liquid spray heat exchanger is the critical equipment of temperature regulating system by gaseous nitrogen which realizes the environment temperature in the range of -180 ℃~+180 ℃. Liquid nitrogen is atomized into smaller liquid drops through liquid nitrogen sprayer and then contacts with gaseous nitrogen to be cooled. By adjusting the pressure of liquid nitrogen and gaseous nitrogen, the flowrate of liquid nitrogen is changed to realize the required outlet temperature of heat exchanger. The temperature accuracy of shrouds is ±1 ℃. Liquid nitrogen spray heat exchanger is simulated by CATIA, and the numerical simulation is performed by FLUENT. The comparison between the tests and numerical simulation is conducted. Moreover, the results help to improve the design of liquid nitrogen spray heat exchanger. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid%20nitrogen%20spray" title="liquid nitrogen spray">liquid nitrogen spray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20regulating%20system" title=" temperature regulating system"> temperature regulating system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20exchanger" title=" heat exchanger"> heat exchanger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73604/numerical-simulation-and-analysis-on-liquid-nitrogen-spray-heat-exchanger" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73604.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3387</span> Analysis of Nitrogenase Fe Protein Activity in Transplastomic Tobacco</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jose%20A.%20Aznar-Moreno">Jose A. Aznar-Moreno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xi%20Jiang"> Xi Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stefan%20Bur%C3%A9n"> Stefan Burén</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luis%20M.%20Rubio"> Luis M. Rubio</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Integration of prokaryotic nitrogen fixation (nif) genes into the plastid genome for expression of functional nitrogenase components could render plants capable of assimilating atmospheric N2 making their crops less dependent of nitrogen fertilizers. The nitrogenase Fe protein component (NifH) has been used as proxy for expression and targeting of Nif proteins within plant and yeast cells. Here we use tobacco plants with the Azotobacter vinelandii nifH and nifM genes integrated into the plastid genome. NifH and its maturase NifM were constitutively produced in leaves, but not roots, during light and dark periods. Nif protein expression in transplastomic plants was stable throughout development. Chloroplast NifH was soluble, but it only showed in vitro activity when isolated from leaves collected at the end of the dark period. Exposing the plant extracts to elevated temperatures precipitated NifM and apo-NifH protein devoid of [Fe4S4] clusters, dramatically increasing the specific activity of remaining NifH protein. Our data indicate that the chloroplast endogenous [Fe-S] cluster biosynthesis was insufficient for complete NifH maturation, albeit a negative effect on NifH maturation due to excess NifM in the chloroplast cannot be excluded. NifH and NifM constitutive expression in transplastomic plants did not affect any of the following traits: seed size, germination time, germination ratio, seedling growth, emergence of the cotyledon and first leaves, chlorophyll content and plant height throughout development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NifH" title="NifH">NifH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chloroplast" title=" chloroplast"> chloroplast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen%20fixation" title=" nitrogen fixation"> nitrogen fixation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crop%20improvement" title=" crop improvement"> crop improvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transplastomic%20plants" title=" transplastomic plants"> transplastomic plants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fertilizer" title=" fertilizer"> fertilizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biotechnology" title=" biotechnology"> biotechnology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141665/analysis-of-nitrogenase-fe-protein-activity-in-transplastomic-tobacco" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141665.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3386</span> Simulation of Growth and Yield of Rice Under Irrigation and Nitrogen Management Using ORYZA2000</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojtaba%20Esmaeilzad%20Limoudehi">Mojtaba Esmaeilzad Limoudehi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To evaluate the model ORYZA2000, under the management of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization experiment, a split plot with a randomized complete block design with three replications on hybrid cultivars (spring) in the 1388-1387 crop year was conducted at the Rice Research Institute. Permanent flood irrigation as the main plot in the fourth level, around 5 days, from 11 days to 8 days away, and the four levels of nitrogen fertilizer as the subplots 0, 90, 120, and 150 kg N Ha were considered. Simulated and measured values of leaf area index, grain yield, and biological parameters using the regression coefficient, t-test, the root mean square error (RMSE), and normalized root mean square error (RMSEn) were performed. Results, the normalized root mean square error of 10% in grain yield, the biological yield of 9%, and 23% of maximum LAI was determined. The simulation results show that grain yield and biological ORYZA2000 model accuracy are good but do not simulate maximum LAI well. The results show that the model can support ORYZA2000 test results and can be used under conditions of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation" title="evaluation">evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice" title=" rice"> rice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen%20fertilizer" title=" nitrogen fertilizer"> nitrogen fertilizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20ORYZA2000" title=" model ORYZA2000"> model ORYZA2000</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173917/simulation-of-growth-and-yield-of-rice-under-irrigation-and-nitrogen-management-using-oryza2000" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173917.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3385</span> Effect of Non-Legume Primary Ecological Successor on Nitrogen Content of Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vikas%20Baliram%20Kalyankar">Vikas Baliram Kalyankar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Study of ecology is important as it plays role in development of environment engineering. With the advent of technologies the study of ecosystem structure and changes in it are remaining unnoticed. The ecological succession is the sequential replacement of plant species following changes in the environment. The present study depicts the primary ecological succession in an area leveled up to the height of five feet with no signs of plant life on it. The five quadrates of 1 meter square size were observed during the study period of six months. Rain water being the only source of water in the area increased its ecological importance. The primary successor was non- leguminous plant Balonites roxburgii during the peak drought periods in the region of the summer 2013-14. The increased nitrogen content of soil after the plant implied its role in atmospheric nitrogen fixation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=succession" title="succession">succession</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Balonites%20roxburgii" title=" Balonites roxburgii"> Balonites roxburgii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-leguminous%20plant" title=" non-leguminous plant"> non-leguminous plant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecology" title=" ecology"> ecology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25990/effect-of-non-legume-primary-ecological-successor-on-nitrogen-content-of-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25990.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">488</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3384</span> Effect of Nitrogen and Gibberellic Acid at Different Level and their Interaction on Calendula</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pragnyashree%20Mishra">Pragnyashree Mishra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shradhanjali%20Mohapatra"> Shradhanjali Mohapatra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present investigation is carried out to know the effect of foliar feeding of nitrogen and gibberellic acid on vegetative growth, flowering behaviour and yield of calendula variety ‘Golden Emporer’. The experiment was laid out in RBD in rabi season of 2013-14. There are 16 treatments are taken at different level such as nitrogen (at 0%,1%,2%,3%) and GA3 (at 50 ppm,100ppm,150 ppm). Among them maximum height at bud initiation stage was obtained at 3% nitrogen (27.00 cm) and at 150 ppm GA3 (26.5 cm), fist flowering was obtained at 3% nitrogen(60.00 days) and at 150 ppm GA3 (63.75 days), maximum flower stalk length was obtained at 3% nitrogen(3.50 cm) and at 150 ppm GA3 (5.42 cm),maximum duration of flowering was obtained at 3% nitrogen(46.00 days) and at 150 ppm GA3 (46.50days), maximum number of flower was obtained at 3% nitrogen (89.00per plant) and at 150 ppm GA3 (83.50 per plant), maximum flower weight was obtained at 3% nitrogen(1.25 gm per flower) and at 150 ppm GA3 (1.50 gm per flower), maximum yield was was obtained at 3% nitrogen (110.00 gm per plant) and at 150 ppm GA3 (105.00gm per plant) and minimum of all character was obtained when 0% nitrogen0 ppm GA3. All interaction between nitrogen and GA3 was found in significant except the yield . <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calendula" title="calendula">calendula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=golden%20emporer" title=" golden emporer"> golden emporer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GA3" title=" GA3"> GA3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen%20and%20gibberellic%20acid" title=" nitrogen and gibberellic acid "> nitrogen and gibberellic acid </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19334/effect-of-nitrogen-and-gibberellic-acid-at-different-level-and-their-interaction-on-calendula" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19334.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">464</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3383</span> Hybrid Fixation in Management of Proximal Diaphyseal Forearm Bone Fractures in Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarek%20Aly">Tarek Aly</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Maintenance of the length, providing rotational stability, and preserving functional range of forearm motion is the mainstay of both bone forearm fractures treatment. Conservative treatment in older children may lead to malunion with poor remodeling capacity. Recent studies emphasized that the rate of complications with IM nailing was obviously increased in old children. Open reduction and internal fixation have been criticized for the amount of soft tissue dissection and periosteal stripping needed for fixation and excessive scar formation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomical and functional outcomes of hybrid fixation in the treatment of closed proximal radius and ulna fractures in adolescents between 12 and 17 years of age. Patients and Methods: 30 cases of diaphyseal both bone forearm fractures treated with hybrid fixation (Nail radius – Plate ulna) and were available for a follow-up period of fewer than 24 months. Results: Clinically, 72% of cases had an excellent function, 22% had a good function, 4% had a fair function, and 2% had a poor function. Radiologically, signs of the union had appeared in the radius 2weeks earlier than in the ulna in 55% of cases. Conclusion: A hybrid fixation technique in adolescent proximal both-bones forearm fractures could be a viable option in managing these injuries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyprid%20fixation" title="hyprid fixation">hyprid fixation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=both%20bones" title=" both bones"> both bones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forearm" title=" forearm"> forearm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractures" title=" fractures"> fractures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149793/hybrid-fixation-in-management-of-proximal-diaphyseal-forearm-bone-fractures-in-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149793.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20nitrogen%20fixation&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20nitrogen%20fixation&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20nitrogen%20fixation&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20nitrogen%20fixation&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20nitrogen%20fixation&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20nitrogen%20fixation&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20nitrogen%20fixation&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20nitrogen%20fixation&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20nitrogen%20fixation&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20nitrogen%20fixation&page=113">113</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20nitrogen%20fixation&page=114">114</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20nitrogen%20fixation&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul 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