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11.838.06.053.125.102.19.153l.04.033c1.882 1.499 3.986 2.514 6.259 3.014a14.662 14.662 0 0 0 6.13.052c.118-.042.235-.065.353-.087.03 0 .065-.022.098-.042a15.395 15.395 0 0 0 6.011-2.945l.039-.045.18-.153c3.502-2.902 5.765-7.072 6.248-11.852L48 29.674v-10.52c0-.366-.041-.728-.161-1.08l.022.015z" fill="white"></path></svg></button><button class="react-share__ShareButton" style="background-color:transparent;border:none;padding:0;font:inherit;color:inherit;cursor:pointer"><svg viewBox="0 0 64 64" width="32" height="32"><rect width="64" height="64" rx="0" ry="0" fill="#7f7f7f"></rect><path d="M17,22v20h30V22H17z M41.1,25L32,32.1L22.9,25H41.1z M20,39V26.6l12,9.3l12-9.3V39H20z" fill="white"></path></svg></button></div><div class="sc-202ecc93-0 fHxosg"><img src="//images.ctfassets.net/cnu0m8re1exe/7f9sqXjIR1zkPYS0MkIKnI/79b892d461475cc98f18ed294c89d0e3/Skiphousoura-life-reconstruction.jpeg?fm=jpg&fl=progressive&w=660&h=433&fit=fill" alt="Skiphousoura life reconstruction" height="660px" width="433px" class="sc-e706b2c9-0 hIuHOm"/><div class="sc-202ecc93-1 dqnBTe">Life restoration of two Skiphosoura bavarica in flight. (Credit: Gabriel Ugueto)</div></div><section class="sc-2dbade60-0 dJAeue"><div class="sc-2dbade60-1 ivnhTC"><h2 class="sc-2dbade60-2 cdTYpC">Newsletter</h2><div class="sc-2dbade60-3 deMHqo">Sign up for our email newsletter for the latest science news</div></div><form class="sc-dd7abf72-0 eztMZN"><div class="sc-dd7abf72-1 eifopM"><input aria-label="Email Address" autoComplete="email" placeholder="Email Address" class="sc-335967e1-0 glnGeY"/><button aria-label="Sign Up for Newsletter" type="submit" color="hsl(4, 68%, 52%)" class="sc-c8bbe1ac-0 sc-b65b6186-0 haeKWy OrBVy">Sign Up</button></div><div class="sc-92081554-0 fChjmv"> </div></form></section><div class="instaread-audio-player" style="margin-top:1em"><iframe allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" id="instaread_iframe" loading="lazy" name="instaread_playlist" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-popups allow-forms allow-modals" title="Audio Article" class="sc-d6b1ce84-0 kHOLMP"></iframe></div><article class="sc-426c7a0c-0 kFFBpt"><p><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 kkhobw">New fossils provide the missing links between smaller, earlier flying reptiles and the later massive pterosaurs. Initial pterosaurs had wingspans of about 6 feet, while later species measured as much as 32 feet across. Paleontologists describe the fossil of the new species, </span><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 cOwLcG">Skiphosoura bavarica,</span><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 kkhobw"> in a </span><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982221003699" class="sc-acb0869a-0 bxBBvR sc-be2fc1e4-0 jhHupj" color="accent" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 kkhobw">Current Biology report</span></a><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 kkhobw">.</span></p><div id="splitting-flying-reptiles" class="sc-81445bbc-0 gNbimG"><h2 class="sc-739331d9-0 iatIbm"><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 kkhobw">Splitting Flying Reptiles</span></h2></div><p><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 kkhobw">Although </span><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 cOwLcG">Skiphosoura </span><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 kkhobw">appears to be about the same size as early pterosaurs, it holds some important anatomical differences. Paleontologists had long split </span><a color="accent" class="sc-acb0869a-0 bxBBvR sc-be2fc1e4-0 jhHupj" href="/the-sciences/5-of-the-most-interesting-flying-pterosaurs"><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 kkhobw">flying reptiles</span></a><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 kkhobw"> into two groups: non-pterodactyloids and pterodactyloids. </span></p><div id="insticator-container" class="embedid-4b651d8f-ea11-445f-9ea7-e776ca36eef3"><div id="div-insticator-ad-1"></div><div id="insticator-embed"></div><div id="div-insticator-ad-2"></div></div><p><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 kkhobw">Non-pterodactyloids — the smaller, older version — sported short heads on short necks, a short bone in the wrist of the wing, a long fifth toe on the foot, and long tails. The later, larger pterodactyloids exhibited some features that seem opposite — large heads on long necks, a long wrist, short fifth toe and short tail.</span></p><p><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 kkhobw">More recently, paleontologists added an in-between species called darwinopterans. These flying lizards showed that the head and neck changed before the rest of the body. But an evolutionary gap still remained before and after these changes. Imagine the classic human evolutionary illustration “The March of Progress," but with, say, neanderthal and perhaps another early hominid missing — but for pterosaurs. </span></p><div class="sc-202ecc93-0 gAMfTf"><div class="lazyload-wrapper "><div style="height:433px" class="lazyload-placeholder"></div></div><div class="sc-202ecc93-1 dqnBTe">Photograph of the original specimen of Skiphosoura bavarica in natural and UV lighting. (Credit: René Lauer) </div></div><hr class="sc-c49dd42c-0 gUBdPx"/><p><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 hmYLKc">Read More: </span><a color="accent" class="sc-acb0869a-0 bxBBvR sc-be2fc1e4-0 jhHupj" href="/the-sciences/how-big-was-quetzalcoatlus-and-other-giant-pterosaurs"><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 hmYLKc">How Big Was Quetzalcoatlus and Other Giant Pterosaurs?</span></a><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 kkhobw"></span></p><hr class="sc-c49dd42c-0 gUBdPx"/><div id="filling-an-evolutionary-gap" class="sc-81445bbc-0 gNbimG"><h2 class="sc-739331d9-0 iatIbm"><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 kkhobw">Filling an Evolutionary Gap</span></h2></div><p><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 cOwLcG">Skiphosoura </span><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 kkhobw">fills in the gap between darwinopterans and pterodactyloids. Although its head and neck appear similar to that of a pterodactyloid, its wrists are longer, while its toe and tail are shorter. Its short, stiff, pointed tail provided a key clue that this species was different than species that came both before and after. </span></p><p><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 kkhobw">Filling out the pterosaur family tree, a pterosaur found in Scotland, named Dearc, holds a mirror position of </span><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 cOwLcG">Skiphosoura</span><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 kkhobw">, fitting between the early pterosaurs and the first darwinopterans.</span></p><p><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 kkhobw">With both </span><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 cOwLcG">Skiphosoura </span><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 kkhobw">and Dearc now fitting into the pterosaur evolutionary order, artists could draw a gap-free version of “The March of Progress" — but for flying lizards. </span></p><p><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 kkhobw">“This is an incredible find,” co-author </span><a href="https://www.qmul.ac.uk/sbbs/staff/davidhone.html" class="sc-acb0869a-0 bxBBvR sc-be2fc1e4-0 jhHupj" color="accent" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 kkhobw">David Hone, from Queen Mary University of London</span></a><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 kkhobw">, said in a press release. “It really helps us piece together how these amazing flying animals lived and evolved. Hopefully this study will be the basis for more work in the future on this important evolutionary transition."</span></p><hr class="sc-c49dd42c-0 gUBdPx"/><p><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 hmYLKc">Read More: </span><a color="accent" class="sc-acb0869a-0 bxBBvR sc-be2fc1e4-0 jhHupj" href="/the-sciences/massive-flying-pterosaurs-evolved-with-a-little-help-from-mom-and-dad"><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 hmYLKc">Massive Flying Pterosaurs Evolved With a Little Help From Mom and Dad</span></a><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 hmYLKc"></span></p><hr class="sc-c49dd42c-0 gUBdPx"/><div id="article" class="sc-81445bbc-0 gNbimG"><h2 class="sc-739331d9-0 iatIbm"><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 kkhobw">Article</span><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 cOwLcG"> </span><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 kkhobw">Sources</span></h2></div><p><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 kkhobw">Our writers at</span><a href="http://discovermagazine.com/" class="sc-acb0869a-0 bxBBvR sc-be2fc1e4-0 jhHupj" color="accent" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 kkhobw"> Discovermagazine.com</span></a><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 kkhobw"> use peer-reviewed studies and high-quality sources for our articles, and our editors review for scientific accuracy and editorial standards. Review the sources used below for this article:</span></p><ul class="sc-dd02e337-0 jtLjaC"><li class="sc-7beeca48-0 cCmAPS"><p><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 kkhobw">Current Biology. </span><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982221003699" class="sc-acb0869a-0 bxBBvR sc-be2fc1e4-0 jhHupj" color="accent" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 kkhobw">A new darwinopteran pterosaur reveals arborealism and an opposed thumb</span></a><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 kkhobw"></span></p></li><li class="sc-7beeca48-0 cCmAPS"><p><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 kkhobw">Reader in Zoology and Director of Outreach for The School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences from Queen Mary University of London. </span><a href="https://www.qmul.ac.uk/sbbs/staff/davidhone.html" class="sc-acb0869a-0 bxBBvR sc-be2fc1e4-0 jhHupj" color="accent" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 kkhobw">David Hone</span></a><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 kkhobw"></span></p></li></ul><hr class="sc-c49dd42c-0 gUBdPx"/><p><span class="sc-4df7a8a0-0 cOwLcG">Before joining Discover Magazine, Paul spent over 20 years as a science journalist, specializing in U.S. life science policy and global scientific career issues. He began his career in newspapers, but switched to scientific magazines. His work has appeared in publications including Science News, Science, Nature, and Scientific American.</span></p></article><ul class="sc-fc31822f-0 hULpA-D"><li class="sc-de217756-0 cSQUFG"><a class="sc-acb0869a-0 cgZEsQ" href="/tag/paleontology">paleontology</a></li><li class="sc-de217756-0 cSQUFG"><a class="sc-acb0869a-0 cgZEsQ" href="/tag/evolution">evolution</a></li></ul><div class="sc-aeb3ddd8-0 fIkXwQ"><div class="sc-e64f09bb-0 kRJNMy"><div class="sc-e64f09bb-1 hNEEqm">1 free article left</div><div class="sc-e64f09bb-2 eZzrtd">Want More? 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","path":"/the-sciences/new-flying-lizard-species-fills-in-evolutionary-gap-for-pterosaurs","announce":{},"slug":"new-flying-lizard-species-fills-in-evolutionary-gap-for-pterosaurs","adTargetingId":null},"permission":{"isAuthenticated":false,"isClientSessionValid":false,"hasAccess":true,"viewsRemaining":1,"isEntitled":false,"meterHasReduced":false,"previouslyMetered":false,"exceedsLimit":false},"user":{"isLoggedIn":false,"hasMagazineSub":false,"hasNewsletterSub":false,"newsletterSelections":[]},"content":{"article":{"id":"NJAdNL83qbI3dZwtzkig7","meta":{"publicationDate":"2024-11-18T12:30-06:00","template":"Standard","contentIndex":"None","mostPopular":false,"featured":false,"paywall":true,"modifiedDate":"2024-11-18T18:22:48.163Z","excludeFromListing":false,"canonicalUrl":"https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/new-flying-lizard-species-fills-in-evolutionary-gap-for-pterosaurs","articleType":"News"},"refs":{"authors":[{"id":"5oKGxKBPsNVNiDcMekRcCS","name":"Paul Smaglik","slug":"paul-smaglik","description":"Before joining Discover Magazine, Paul spent over 20 years as a science journalist, specializing in U.S. life science policy and global scientific career issues. He began his career in newspapers, but switched to scientific magazines. His work has appeared in publications including [Science News](https://www.sciencenews.org/), [Science](https://www.science.org/), [Nature](https://www.nature.com/), and [Scientific American](https://www.scientificamerican.com/).\n","image":{},"hideRightRail":false}],"category":{"id":"7xmGyuRnFlpRZP0YkTb4Xy","name":"The Sciences","slug":"the-sciences","sortOrder":1,"hideRightRail":false,"image":{}},"tags":[{"id":"2gjZ0Iodxqbj3abTIS8v5V","name":"paleontology","slug":"paleontology","image":{},"hideRightRail":false},{"id":"7DaFLPF4RUsY4ryiB61Eqh","name":"evolution","slug":"evolution","image":{},"hideRightRail":false}]},"title":"New Flying Lizard Species Fills in Evolutionary Gap for Pterosaurs ","subtitle":"Fossil find in Germany helps solve paleontological puzzle between earlier and later pterosaurs.","slug":"new-flying-lizard-species-fills-in-evolutionary-gap-for-pterosaurs","image":{"id":"7f9sqXjIR1zkPYS0MkIKnI","title":"Skiphousoura life reconstruction","description":"Life restoration of two Skiphosoura bavarica in flight. 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Paleontologists describe the fossil of the new species, ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"Skiphosoura bavarica,","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" in a ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982221003699"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Current Biology report","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":".","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Splitting Flying Reptiles","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Although ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"Skiphosoura ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"appears to be about the same size as early pterosaurs, it holds some important anatomical differences. Paleontologists had long split ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/5-of-the-most-interesting-flying-pterosaurs"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"flying reptiles","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" into two groups: non-pterodactyloids and pterodactyloids. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"nodeType":"insticator","data":{},"marks":[]},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Non-pterodactyloids — the smaller, older version — sported short heads on short necks, a short bone in the wrist of the wing, a long fifth toe on the foot, and long tails. The later, larger pterodactyloids exhibited some features that seem opposite — large heads on long necks, a long wrist, short fifth toe and short tail.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"More recently, paleontologists added an in-between species called darwinopterans. These flying lizards showed that the head and neck changed before the rest of the body. But an evolutionary gap still remained before and after these changes. Imagine the classic human evolutionary illustration “The March of Progress,\" but with, say, neanderthal and perhaps another early hominid missing — but for pterosaurs. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{"target":{"metadata":{"tags":[],"concepts":[]},"sys":{"space":{"sys":{"type":"Link","linkType":"Space","id":"cnu0m8re1exe"}},"id":"4zoUvjHFqorxVlejF7KZxB","type":"Asset","createdAt":"2024-11-18T17:57:13.911Z","updatedAt":"2024-11-18T17:57:13.911Z","environment":{"sys":{"id":"master","type":"Link","linkType":"Environment"}},"publishedVersion":7,"revision":1,"locale":"en-US"},"fields":{"title":"Flying Reptile","description":"Photograph of the original specimen of Skiphosoura bavarica in natural and UV lighting. (Credit: René Lauer)\n","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/cnu0m8re1exe/4zoUvjHFqorxVlejF7KZxB/0270f8b73993fa9dd308218f8c22b185/Flying-Reptile.jpg","details":{"size":59433,"image":{"width":451,"height":700}},"fileName":"Flying-Reptile.jpg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}}},"content":[],"nodeType":"embedded-asset-block"},{"data":{},"content":[],"nodeType":"hr"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Read More: ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/how-big-was-quetzalcoatlus-and-other-giant-pterosaurs"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"How Big Was Quetzalcoatlus and Other Giant Pterosaurs?","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[],"nodeType":"hr"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Filling an Evolutionary Gap","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"Skiphosoura ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"fills in the gap between darwinopterans and pterodactyloids. Although its head and neck appear similar to that of a pterodactyloid, its wrists are longer, while its toe and tail are shorter. Its short, stiff, pointed tail provided a key clue that this species was different than species that came both before and after. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Filling out the pterosaur family tree, a pterosaur found in Scotland, named Dearc, holds a mirror position of ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"Skiphosoura","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", fitting between the early pterosaurs and the first darwinopterans.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"With both ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"Skiphosoura ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"and Dearc now fitting into the pterosaur evolutionary order, artists could draw a gap-free version of “The March of Progress\" — but for flying lizards. ","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"“This is an incredible find,” co-author ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.qmul.ac.uk/sbbs/staff/davidhone.html"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"David Hone, from Queen Mary University of London","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":", said in a press release. “It really helps us piece together how these amazing flying animals lived and evolved. Hopefully this study will be the basis for more work in the future on this important evolutionary transition.\"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[],"nodeType":"hr"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Read More: ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/massive-flying-pterosaurs-evolved-with-a-little-help-from-mom-and-dad"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"Massive Flying Pterosaurs Evolved With a Little Help From Mom and Dad","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[],"nodeType":"hr"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Article","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":" ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Sources","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"heading-2"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Our writers at","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"http://discovermagazine.com/"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" Discovermagazine.com","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":" use peer-reviewed studies and high-quality sources for our articles, and our editors review for scientific accuracy and editorial standards. Review the sources used below for this article:","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Current Biology. ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982221003699"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"A new darwinopteran pterosaur reveals arborealism and an opposed thumb","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"Reader in Zoology and Director of Outreach for The School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences from Queen Mary University of London. ","nodeType":"text"},{"data":{"uri":"https://www.qmul.ac.uk/sbbs/staff/davidhone.html"},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"David Hone","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"hyperlink"},{"data":{},"marks":[],"value":"","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"list-item"}],"nodeType":"unordered-list"},{"data":{},"content":[],"nodeType":"hr"},{"data":{},"content":[{"data":{},"marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"value":"Before joining Discover Magazine, Paul spent over 20 years as a science journalist, specializing in U.S. life science policy and global scientific career issues. He began his career in newspapers, but switched to scientific magazines. His work has appeared in publications including Science News, Science, Nature, and Scientific American.","nodeType":"text"}],"nodeType":"paragraph"}],"nodeType":"document"}},"related":[{"image":{"description":"(A) Homotherium latidens (Owen, 1846), specimen DMF AS RS, no. 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