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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/PAST_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="PAST (disambiguation)">PAST (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Past_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="The Past (disambiguation)">The Past (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p>The <b>past</b> is the set of all <a href="/wiki/Spacetime#Definitions" title="Spacetime">events</a> that occurred before a given point in time.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The past is contrasted with and defined by the <a href="/wiki/Present" title="Present">present</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Future" title="Future">future</a>. The concept of the past is derived from the linear fashion in which human observers experience <a href="/wiki/Time" title="Time">time</a>, and is accessed through <a href="/wiki/Memory" title="Memory">memory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Recollection" class="mw-redirect" title="Recollection">recollection</a>. In addition, human beings have <a href="/wiki/Recorded_history" title="Recorded history">recorded the past</a> since the advent of written language.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first known use of the word "past" was in the fourteenth century; it developed as the <a href="/wiki/Past_participle" class="mw-redirect" title="Past participle">past participle</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> verb <i>passen</i> meaning "to pass."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bouncing_ball_strobe_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bouncing_ball_strobe_edit.jpg/330px-Bouncing_ball_strobe_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bouncing_ball_strobe_edit.jpg/495px-Bouncing_ball_strobe_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bouncing_ball_strobe_edit.jpg/660px-Bouncing_ball_strobe_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1159"></a><figcaption>A picture of a basketball bouncing, composed of frames taken at different points in the past</figcaption></figure> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Grammar"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Grammar</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Other_uses"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Other uses</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Fields_of_study"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Fields of study</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Grammar">Grammar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Past&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Grammar" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Roddam_Spencer_Stanhope_-_Thoughts_of_the_Past_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/John_Roddam_Spencer_Stanhope_-_Thoughts_of_the_Past_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/260px-John_Roddam_Spencer_Stanhope_-_Thoughts_of_the_Past_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="444" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1309" data-file-height="2235"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 260px;height: 444px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/John_Roddam_Spencer_Stanhope_-_Thoughts_of_the_Past_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/260px-John_Roddam_Spencer_Stanhope_-_Thoughts_of_the_Past_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" data-width="260" data-height="444" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/John_Roddam_Spencer_Stanhope_-_Thoughts_of_the_Past_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/390px-John_Roddam_Spencer_Stanhope_-_Thoughts_of_the_Past_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/John_Roddam_Spencer_Stanhope_-_Thoughts_of_the_Past_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/520px-John_Roddam_Spencer_Stanhope_-_Thoughts_of_the_Past_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Thoughts_of_the_Past" title="Thoughts of the Past">Thoughts of the Past</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/John_Roddam_Spencer_Stanhope" title="John Roddam Spencer Stanhope">John Roddam Spencer Stanhope</a>, 1859)</figcaption></figure> <p>In English <a href="/wiki/Grammar" title="Grammar">grammar</a>, actions are classified according to one of the following twelve verb tenses: past (past, <a href="/wiki/Uses_of_English_verb_forms#Past_progressive/continuous" title="Uses of English verb forms">uses of English verb forms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Past_perfect" class="mw-redirect" title="Past perfect">past perfect</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Past_perfect_continuous" class="mw-redirect" title="Past perfect continuous">past perfect continuous</a>), present (<a href="/wiki/Present" title="Present">present</a>, <a href="/wiki/Present_continuous" title="Present continuous">present continuous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Present_perfect" title="Present perfect">present perfect</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Present_perfect_continuous" class="mw-redirect" title="Present perfect continuous">present perfect continuous</a>), or future (<a href="/wiki/Future" title="Future">future</a>, <a href="/wiki/Future_continuous" class="mw-redirect" title="Future continuous">future continuous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Future_perfect" title="Future perfect">future perfect</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Future_perfect_continuous" class="mw-redirect" title="Future perfect continuous">future perfect continuous</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The past tense refers to actions that have already happened. For example, "she is walking" refers to a girl who is currently walking (present tense), while "she walked" refers to a girl who was walking before now (past tense). </p><p>The past continuous tense refers to actions that continued for a period of time, as in the sentence "she was walking," which describes an action that was still happening in a prior window of time to which a speaker is presently referring. The past perfect tense is used to describe actions that were already completed by a specific point in the past. For example, "she had walked" describes an action that took place in the past and was also completed in the past. </p><p>The past perfects continuous tense refers to an action that was happening up until a particular point in the past but was completed.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is different from the past perfect tense because the emphasis of past perfect continuous verbs is not on the action having been completed by the present moment, but rather on its having taken place actively over a time period before another moment in the past. The verb tense used in the sentence "She had been walking in the park regularly before I met her" is past perfect continuous because it describes an action ("walking") that was actively happening before a time when something else in the past was happening (when "I met her"). </p><p>Depending on its usage in a sentence, "past" can be described using a variety of terms. <a href="/wiki/Synonyms" class="mw-redirect" title="Synonyms">Synonyms</a> for "past" as an <a href="/wiki/Adjective" title="Adjective">adjective</a> include, "former," "bygone," "earlier," "preceding," and "previous." Synonyms for "past" as a <a href="/wiki/Noun" title="Noun">noun</a> include, "history, "background," "life story," and "biography." Synonyms of "past" as a <a href="/wiki/Preposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Preposition">preposition</a> include, "in front of," "beyond," "by," and "in excess of."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Past&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Other uses" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <style 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.sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <p>The word "past" can also be used to describe the offices of those who have previously served in an organization, group, or event such as, "past president," or, "past champions."<sup id="cite_ref-auto_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Past" can also refer to something or someone being at or in a position that is further than a particular point.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For instance, in the sentence, "I live on Fielding Road, just past the train station," the word "past" is used to describe a location (the speaker's residence) beyond a certain point (the train station). Alternatively, the sentence, "He ran past us at full speed," utilizes the concept of the past to describe the position of someone ("He") that is further than the speaker. </p><p>The "past" is also used to define a time that is a certain number of <a href="/wiki/Minute" title="Minute">minute</a> before or after a particular <a href="/wiki/Hour" title="Hour">hour</a>, as in "We left the party at half-past twelve."<sup id="cite_ref-half-past-12_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-half-past-12-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People also use "past" to refer to being beyond a particular <a href="/wiki/Biological_age" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological age">biological age</a> or phase of being, as in, "The boy was past the age of needing a babysitter," or, "I'm past caring about that problem."<sup id="cite_ref-auto_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "past" is commonly used to refer to history, either generally or with regards to specific time periods or events, as in, "Past monarchs had absolute power to determine the law in contrast to many European Kings and Queens of today." </p><p>Nineteenth-century British author <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> created one of the best-known fictional <a href="/wiki/Personifications" class="mw-redirect" title="Personifications">personifications</a> of the "past" in his short book, "<a href="/wiki/A_Christmas_Carol" title="A Christmas Carol">A Christmas Carol</a>." In the story, the <a href="/wiki/Ghost_of_Christmas_Past" title="Ghost of Christmas Past">Ghost of Christmas Past</a> is an apparition that shows the main character, a cold-hearted and tight-fisted man named <a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Scrooge" title="Ebenezer Scrooge">Ebenezer Scrooge</a>, vignettes from his childhood and early adult life to teach him that joy does not necessarily come from wealth.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Fields_of_study">Fields of study</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Past&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Fields of study" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>The past is the object of study within such fields as <a href="/wiki/Time" title="Time">time</a>, <a href="/wiki/Life" title="Life">life</a>, <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nostalgia" title="Nostalgia">nostalgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archaeoastronomy" title="Archaeoastronomy">archaeoastronomy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chronology" title="Chronology">chronology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">geology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Historical_geology" title="Historical geology">historical geology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Historical_linguistics" title="Historical linguistics">historical linguistics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontology" title="Ontology">ontology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paleontology" title="Paleontology">paleontology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paleobotany" title="Paleobotany">paleobotany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paleoethnobotany" title="Paleoethnobotany">paleoethnobotany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palaeogeography" title="Palaeogeography">palaeogeography</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paleoclimatology" title="Paleoclimatology">paleoclimatology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Etymology" title="Etymology">etymology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Physical_cosmology" title="Physical cosmology">physical cosmology</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Past&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon 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title="Portal:History">History portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiquarian" title="Antiquarian">Antiquarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaism" title="Archaism">Archaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">Artifact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage" title="Cultural heritage">Cultural heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flashback_(psychology)" title="Flashback (psychology)">Flashback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_preservation" title="Historic preservation">Historic preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory" title="Memory">Memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum" title="Museum">Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nostalgia" title="Nostalgia">Nostalgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Past_tense" title="Past tense">Past tense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recall_(memory)" title="Recall (memory)">Recollection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retro_style" title="Retro style">Retro style</a></li></ul></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Past&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span 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.reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dictionary.com/browse/past">"past"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(web article)</span>. <i>Dictionary.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180626030605/http://www.dictionary.com/browse/past">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary.com&rft.atitle=past&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionary.com%2Fbrowse%2Fpast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristian" class="citation web cs1">Christian, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/big-history-project/agriculture-civilization/first-cities-appear/a/recordkeeping-and-history">"Record Keeping and History: How We Chronicle the Past"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(web article)</span>. <i>www.khanacademy.org</i>. Khan Academy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180626030540/https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/big-history-project/agriculture-civilization/first-cities-appear/a/recordkeeping-and-history">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.khanacademy.org&rft.atitle=Record+Keeping+and+History%3A+How+We+Chronicle+the+Past&rft.aulast=Christian&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.khanacademy.org%2Fpartner-content%2Fbig-history-project%2Fagriculture-civilization%2Ffirst-cities-appear%2Fa%2Frecordkeeping-and-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/past">"Past"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Web)</span>. Merram-Webster.com. n.d. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180724153928/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/past">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Past&rft.pub=Merram-Webster.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fpast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180626030737/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/grammar/verb-tenses">"Verb tenses"</a>. <i>English Oxford Living Dictionaries</i>. Oxford University Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/grammar/verb-tenses">the original</a> on 26 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=English+Oxford+Living+Dictionaries&rft.atitle=Verb+tenses&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fgrammar%2Fverb-tenses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180827210109/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/thesaurus/past">"past"</a>. <i>oxforddictionaries.com</i>. English Oxford Living Dictionaries. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/thesaurus/past">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Web)</span> on 27 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oxforddictionaries.com&rft.atitle=past&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fthesaurus%2Fpast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/past">"past"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Web)</span>. <i>Merriam-Webster.com</i>. Merriam-Webster. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180724153928/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/past">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com&rft.atitle=past&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fpast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/past">"past"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Web)</span>. <i>dictionary.cambridge.org</i>. Cambridge.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180827174135/https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/past">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dictionary.cambridge.org&rft.atitle=past&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.cambridge.org%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fpast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-half-past-12-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-half-past-12_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eightpastfive.com/half-past-12/">"half-past 12"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Web)</span>. EightPastFive. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230831141249/https://eightpastfive.com/half-past-12/">Archived</a> from the original on Aug 31, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=half-past+12&rft.pub=EightPastFive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feightpastfive.com%2Fhalf-past-12%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins2018" class="citation web cs1">Collins, Philip (5 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Dickens-British-novelist">"Charles Dickens"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Web)</span>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180618153157/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Dickens-British-novelist">Archived</a> from the original on 18 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Charles+Dickens&rft.date=2018-06-05&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FCharles-Dickens-British-novelist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/A-Christmas-Carol-novel">"A Christmas Carol"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Web)</span>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. 6 June 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180827212341/https://www.britannica.com/topic/A-Christmas-Carol-novel">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=A+Christmas+Carol&rft.date=2014-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FA-Christmas-Carol-novel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>Past</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/19px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 19px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/19px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="19" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/29px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/38px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/past" class="extiw" title="wikt:past">Definitions</a></b> from Wiktionary</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 14px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="14" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Past" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Past">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/16px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/16px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="16" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Past" class="extiw" title="q:Past">Quotations</a></b> from Wikiquote</span></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Past&oldid=1254575639">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Past&oldid=1254575639</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Past&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Citation bot" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1730396627"> <span>Last edited on 31 October 2024, at 17:43</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verlede" title="Verlede – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Verlede" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B6" title="ماض – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماض" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke%C3%A7mi%C5%9F" title="Keçmiş – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Keçmiş" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A6%DA%86%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="کئچمیش – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کئچمیش" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4" title="অতীত – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অতীত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B2e-kh%C3%AC" title="Kòe-khì – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kòe-khì" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Минало – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Минало" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passat" title="Passat – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Passat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minulost" title="Minulost – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Minulost" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortid" title="Fortid – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fortid" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="فايت – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="فايت" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vergangenheit" title="Vergangenheit – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vergangenheit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minevik" title="Minevik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Minevik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%B8%CF%8C%CE%BD" title="Παρελθόν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παρελθόν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasado" title="Pasado – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pasado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasinteco" title="Pasinteco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pasinteco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iragan" title="Iragan – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Iragan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%87" title="گذشته – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گذشته" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pass%C3%A9" title="Passé – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Passé" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferline" title="Ferline – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ferline" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B4ng-p%C3%A1i" title="Vông-pái – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Vông-pái" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%BC%EA%B1%B0" title="과거 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="과거" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D6%81%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AC" title="Անցյալ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անցյալ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro%C5%A1lost" title="Prošlost – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Prošlost" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masa_lalu" title="Masa lalu – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Masa lalu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%B4" title="Ивгъуыд – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ивгъуыд" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passato" title="Passato – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Passato" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8" title="עבר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עבר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A6%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="მიმღეობა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მიმღეობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%A8" title="Yè – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Yè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praeterita" title="Praeterita – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Praeterita" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pag%C4%81tne" title="Pagātne – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pagātne" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praeitis" title="Praeitis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Praeitis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasada" title="Pasada – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Pasada" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAlt" title="Múlt – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Múlt" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Минато – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Минато" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masa_lampau" title="Masa lampau – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Masa lampau" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B4-d%C4%81%CC%A4" title="Gô-dā̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gô-dā̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="အတိတ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အတိတ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4" title="बिगत – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बिगत" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E5%8E%BB" title="過去 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="過去" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortid" title="Fortid – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fortid" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortid" title="Fortid – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fortid" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B6%DB%8C" title="ماضی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ماضی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przesz%C5%82o%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Przeszłość – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Przeszłość" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passado" title="Passado – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Passado" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trecut" title="Trecut – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Trecut" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91awpa_pacha" title="Ñawpa pacha – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ñawpa pacha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B5" title="Прошлое – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Прошлое" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BA" title="අතීතය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අතීතය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Past" title="Past – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Past" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minulos%C5%A5" title="Minulosť – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Minulosť" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%88" title="ڕابووردوو – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕابووردوو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Прошлост – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Прошлост" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro%C5%A1lost" title="Prošlost – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Prošlost" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menneisyys" title="Menneisyys – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Menneisyys" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakaraan" title="Nakaraan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Nakaraan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D1%82%D0%BA%D3%99%D0%BD" title="Үткән – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Үткән" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95" title="อดีต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อดีต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Минуле – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Минуле" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B6%DB%8C" title="ماضی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ماضی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A1_kh%E1%BB%A9" title="Quá khứ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quá khứ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E6%99%82" title="舊時 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="舊時" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E5%8E%BB" title="過去 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="過去" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info 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Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-06-27T19:48:06Z","dateModified":"2024-10-31T17:43:47Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/3c\/Bouncing_ball_strobe_edit.jpg","headline":"bygone time \u2013 subdivision of time contrasted with present and future"}</script><script>(window.NORLQ=window.NORLQ||[]).push(function(){var ns,i,p,img;ns=document.getElementsByTagName('noscript');for(i=0;i<ns.length;i++){p=ns[i].nextSibling;if(p&&p.className&&p.className.indexOf('lazy-image-placeholder')>-1){img=document.createElement('img');img.setAttribute('src',p.getAttribute('data-src'));img.setAttribute('width',p.getAttribute('data-width'));img.setAttribute('height',p.getAttribute('data-height'));img.setAttribute('alt',p.getAttribute('data-alt'));p.parentNode.replaceChild(img,p);}}});</script> </body> </html>