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支付系统返回码设计及映射避坑指南 | 人人都是产品经理
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u-rounded u-shadowed"> <h2 class="article--title"> 支付系统返回码设计及映射避坑指南</h2> <div class="stream-list-meta artilce--meta2"> <div class="u-flex0"> <a target="_blank" class="u-flex" href="https://www.woshipm.com/u/1598196"><img src="https://static.woshipm.com/view/woshipm_api_def_20240921121255_6519.jpg?imageView2/1/w/72/h/72/q/100" alt="" height="36" width="36" class="avatar"></a> </div> <div class="u-flex1"> <div class="author u-flex" data-id="1598196"> <a target="_blank" class="ui-captionStrong" href="https://www.woshipm.com/u/1598196">隐墨星辰</a> <el-tooltip class="newusertagIcon icon-num-1101" effect="dark" content="普通作者" placement="top"><img src="https://static.woshipm.com/tag/1101_1@2x.png " width=16 @click="goVip({parentCode: 1100})" /></el-tooltip> <sub-button :author="1598196" :status="isFollowing" @subauthorchild="subauthor" /> </div> <div class="meta--sup"> <time>2024-12-02</time> <div class="meta--sup__right"> 0 评论 <span class="dot"></span> 993 浏览 <span class="dot"></span> 2 收藏 <span class="dot"></span> <el-tooltip class="item" effect="dark" content="预计阅读时间 13 分钟" placement="top"> <span>13 分钟</span> </el-tooltip> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-topAd js-star js-star-25" data-id="3"></div> <div class="article--content grap"> <div v-pre> <blockquote><p>在支付系统的构建与管理中，返回码的设计和映射是确保交易顺畅进行的关键环节。本文将深入探讨支付系统返回码的重要性、常见问题及其解决方案，旨在帮助开发者和支付系统管理者避免潜在的陷阱，提升用户体验，并确保交易的准确性和安全性。</p> </blockquote><section><img data-action="zoom" decoding="async" class="aligncenter" src="https://image.woshipm.com/2023/04/14/814056c2-da8d-11ed-8198-00163e0b5ff3.png" /><br /> 我在支付行业呆了十来年，和返回码映射导致的线上生产问题交手无数次，有很多是因为影响用户体验，也有一些直接导致了线上资损，所以有必要开一篇小文聊一下。</p> <h2 id="toc-1" class="jltoc--item">一、返回码还是错误码</h2> <p>有些人喜欢用“返回码”，有些人喜欢用“错误码”。两者本质相同，都是用于标识通信或交易的状态。但我更倾向于使用“返回码”，因为它不仅涵盖错误状态，还包括成功状态，而成功并非错误，所以使用“返回码”更为合适。</p> <h2 id="toc-2" class="jltoc--item">二、返回码的本质</h2> <p>我很喜欢探寻事物的本质，那么返回码的本质是什么？我觉得是解决2个问题：</p> <ol> <li><strong>标识单一系统内的业务处理结果：</strong>在一个单一系统内，如何表达业务处理的结果，比如参数不对，余额不足，还是成功等。</li> <li><strong>完成异构系统或应用之间的处理结果同步：</strong>在多个系统之间如何同步业务处理的结果，比如渠道的结果同步给支付平台的网关系统，网关系统同步给支付引擎等。</li> </ol> <h2 id="toc-3" class="jltoc--item">三、返回码最核心的关注点</h2> <p>返回码最核心的关注点也只有2个：</p> <ol> <li><strong>同一系统</strong>内定义是否足够<strong>清晰明确</strong>。减少歧义，减少误解。</li> <li><strong>异构</strong>系统或应用之间的<strong>映射</strong>是否足够准确。映射不好，轻则影响用户体验，重则有资损。</li> </ol> <h2 id="toc-4" class="jltoc--item">四、曾经碰到过的坑</h2> <p>踩过的坑很多，大致可以归为以下几类：</p> <ol> <li><strong>对客映射不准确，导致用户持续重试失败，影响用户体验</strong>。比如“余额不足”或“风控不过”，返回给用户“系统异常，请重试”，有些用户就疯狂地重试。</li> <li><strong>外部渠道没有明确成功或失败，内部映射成明确成功或失败</strong>，<strong>造成资损</strong>。比如：</li> </ol> <p>支付同步请求渠道响应还没有回来，发起了查询，查询返回“订单不存在”，直接推进失败，但最后银行扣款成功。</p> <p>退款同步请求渠道响应返回“系统异常”，直接推进到失败，但最后银行退款成功。</p> <p><strong>3. 外部渠道有双层返回码，没有做完整判断</strong>。比如第1层只表示接口是否成功（通信层面），第2层才是表示业务是否成功，但是只判断了接口层面，就推进了内部订单的业务状态。</p> <p><strong>4. 返回码制定过于笼统或太细</strong>。</p> <h2 id="toc-5" class="jltoc--item">五、最佳实践</h2> <h3>5.1. 基本原则</h3> <ul> <li><strong>制定统一返回码规范</strong>：在团队或公司层面制定统一的返回码规范，明确各个返回码的含义，确保各模块一致性。</li> <li><strong>严格遵守返回码定义</strong>：研发人员在编码时，应严格按照规范返回对应的返回码，确保返回码与实际状态匹配。<strong>明确成功才推进成功，明确失败才推进失败，其它全部按“未知”处理</strong>。</li> <li><strong>区分接口/通信成功与业务成功</strong>。</li> <li><strong>流入到平台的（支付、充值等），谨慎映射到成功。从平台流出的（提现，代发等），谨慎映射到失败。</strong></li> </ul> <h3>5.2. 三级返回码体系</h3> <p>外部商户对接支付平台，支付平台内部有自己的业务处理，同时还对接了外部的很多渠道，所以需要管理<strong>三套返回码</strong>：</p> <ul> <li><strong>提供给商户OpenAPI使用的返回码</strong>：这块可以直接参考微信支付、支付宝等机构的门户网站。</li> <li><strong>内部各应用使用的标准返回码</strong>：用于内部业务的处理。</li> <li><strong>渠道返回码</strong>：外部渠道提供的返回码，每个渠道都不一样，需要映射到内部标准返回码。</li> </ul> <p><img data-action="zoom" decoding="async" class="aligncenter" src="https://image.woshipm.com/wp-files/2024/11/E9uL1Qtz4AMOWQ3Q1ot2.png" /></p> <p>为什么需要三层？主要有3个原因：</p> <ol> <li>内部应用使用的标准返回码需要精确，便于内部系统运行的监控。</li> <li>给商户OpenAPI的返回码需要业务语义明确，但不能过于精确。比如内部出现“卡的有效期不正确”，对外则是“卡号或持卡人或有效期不正确”，避免轮询攻击。</li> <li>外部渠道返回码不能全部一对一映射到内部，因为外部渠道太多，容易膨胀。</li> </ol> <h3>5.3. 商户OpenAPI返回码设计</h3> <p>这部分建议直接参考微信支付、支付宝或者ISO20022标准，这几家代表了行业的最高水准。</p> <p>一般来说最少有两个字段：resultCode和message，一个表示码，一个表示码的描述。</p> <p>也可以增加一个参数result，使用S，F，U表示业务状态的成功、失败、未知。</p> <p>如果是查询类接口，一定要明确说明是接口成功，还是业务成功。</p> <h3>5.4. 内部标准返回码设计</h3> <p>支付平台内部也分了不同域，建议使用一个共同的规范，比如：RS+子系统编号+错误级别+具体返回码。具体如下图所示：</p> <p><img data-action="zoom" decoding="async" class="aligncenter" src="https://image.woshipm.com/wp-files/2024/11/BLjIkl7vWushLoZof97V.png" alt="支付系统返回码设计及映射避坑指南_v0.2" /></p> <p><img data-action="zoom" class="aligncenter" /><span style="font-size: 16px;">说明：</span></p> <ul> <li>1-2位：固定值RS，Result缩写。</li> <li>3-5位：子系统编号。比如001：收银支付，002：会员等。可方便定位哪个系统出的问题。</li> <li>6位：错误类或等级。比如：0：正常，1：业务级异常，2：系统级异常。</li> <li>7-9位：各业务线自己定。比如：1xx：参数相关，2xx：数据库相关，3xx：账户状态/Token状态相关等。</li> <li>这样的好处在于，每个子域或子系统既有全局的规范，又有自己的灵活性，减少沟通成本。</li> <li>注意：上面只是写了resultCode，还需要有message，用于描述这个码代表什么语义。</li> <li>核心代码（注：使用chatGPT o1生成，请自行增删）：</li> </ul> <pre><code>public interface IResultCode { String getResultCode(); String getMessage(); } public enum PaymentResultCode implements IResultCode { SUCCESS( "0000", "success"), FAIL("2998", "fail"), SYSTEM_ERROR("2999","system error"), // 额度相关 11XX INSUFFICIENT_FUND("1101", "insufficient fund"), // 风控相关 12XX RISK_REJECTED("1201", "risk rejected"), // DB相关 21XX ; private static final String PREFIX = "RS"; private static final String SYSTEM_CODE = "101"; private String codeNumber; private String message; @Override public String getResultCode() { return PREFIX + SYSTEM_CODE + codeNumber; } @Override public String getMessage() { return message; } PaymentResultCode(String codeNumber, String message) { this.codeNumber = codeNumber; this.message = message; } }</code></pre> <h3>5.5. 渠道返回码映射</h3> <p>每个渠道的返回码都是不一样的，所以需要设计外部渠道返回码映射到内部标准返回码。需要遵守几个原则：</p> <ol> <li><strong>只有明确成功，才能映射到成功</strong>。</li> <li><strong>只有明确失败，才能映射到失败</strong>。比如渠道返回：订单不存在，或者系统异常，不能直接映射到失败，因为有可能会成功。</li> <li><strong>涉及个人敏感信息或内部系统敏感信息的，需要转成模糊返回码和描述出去</strong>，不能给最终用户展示精确信息。比如内部一个系统宕机，不能直接把异常抛出去。有效期错误也需要映射成“卡号或姓名或有效期不正确”。</li> <li><strong>与敏感信息无关的，越准确越好，避免用户无谓的重试</strong>。比如余额不足，就不要映射成“系统异常，请重试”。</li> <li><strong>查询类接口，务必要区分是接口成功，还是业务成功。</strong></li> </ol> <p>具体的技术实现，通过使用映射表就足够，加到缓存中，增加运算速度。如果找不到映射关系，就全部转到一个默认的返回码上面，同时对这个默认返回码做监控，定期把这些没有做映射的返回码映射到正确的返回码上面去。避免应该把类似“余额不足”映射成了“系统异常请重试”的场景。</p> <h3>5.6. 返回码监控与告警</h3> <p>大部分团队都会监控成功率，只有少数团队会监控返回码或定期分析返回码。然而当交易量足够大时，成功率的波动可能只有0.5%，很难看出异常，而如果去分析返回码，则可以快速看出并定位问题。</p> <p>一般来说，有几个建议：</p> <ol> <li><strong>实时监控返回码的突变异常</strong>。比如：最近10分钟，某个返回码突然增加50%，或者比明天突然增加50%等。都需要介入看看。</li> <li><strong>定期观察返回码曲线表</strong>。如果某个返回码连续多天持续在上升，一般都是有问题的。</li> <li><strong>建立返回码全链路映射大盘</strong>。比如渠道返回“余额不足”或“风控不通过”，映射到用户展示“系统异常，请重试”，那就有问题。而且类似这种情况还非常常见。</li> <li><strong>定期分析用户支付行为</strong>。以前在分析用户行为时，发现同一用户重试了20多次，最后排查发现，就是返回码映射不准确，导致用户无谓的重试。</li> </ol> <h2 id="toc-6" class="jltoc--item">六、结束语</h2> <p>卷用户体验和成功率时，往往需要于细微处见真章，而返回码的设计和映射就是如此。做得不好，轻则影响用户体验，重则资损。</p> 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