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Verbranding - Wikipedia
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<div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Volledige_versus_onvolledige_verbranding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Volledige_versus_onvolledige_verbranding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Volledige versus onvolledige verbranding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Volledige_versus_onvolledige_verbranding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Giftigheid_en_milieubelasting_van_verbrandingsproducten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Giftigheid_en_milieubelasting_van_verbrandingsproducten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Giftigheid en milieubelasting van verbrandingsproducten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Giftigheid_en_milieubelasting_van_verbrandingsproducten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verbranding_van_gasvormige_brandstoffen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verbranding_van_gasvormige_brandstoffen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Verbranding van gasvormige brandstoffen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verbranding_van_gasvormige_brandstoffen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verbranding_van_vloeibare_brandstoffen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verbranding_van_vloeibare_brandstoffen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Verbranding van vloeibare brandstoffen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verbranding_van_vloeibare_brandstoffen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verbranding_van_vaste_brandstoffen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verbranding_van_vaste_brandstoffen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Verbranding van vaste brandstoffen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verbranding_van_vaste_brandstoffen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ongewenste_verbranding_van_stikstof_in_verbrandingsmotoren" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ongewenste_verbranding_van_stikstof_in_verbrandingsmotoren"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ongewenste verbranding van stikstof in verbrandingsmotoren</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ongewenste_verbranding_van_stikstof_in_verbrandingsmotoren-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Onbrandbaar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Onbrandbaar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Onbrandbaar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Onbrandbaar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Verbranding</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 89 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-89" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">89 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbranding" title="Verbranding – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Verbranding" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coraf" title="Coraf – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Coraf" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="احتراق – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="احتراق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combusti%C3%B3n" title="Combustión – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Combustión" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanma" title="Yanma – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yanma" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Гарэнне – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гарэнне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penambusan_(kimia)" title="Penambusan (kimia) – Bataviaans" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Penambusan (kimia)" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Bataviaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Горене – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Горене" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A8" title="দহন – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দহন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagorijevanje" title="Sagorijevanje – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sagorijevanje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combusti%C3%B3" title="Combustió – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Combustió" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سووتان – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سووتان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho%C5%99en%C3%AD" title="Hoření – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hoření" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Çуну – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çуну" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hylosgiad" title="Hylosgiad – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hylosgiad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbr%C3%A6nding" title="Forbrænding – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Forbrænding" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbrennung_(Chemie)" title="Verbrennung (Chemie) – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Verbrennung (Chemie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%8D%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Καύση – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καύση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion" title="Combustion – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Combustion" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brulo" title="Brulo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Brulo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combusti%C3%B3n" title="Combustión – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Combustión" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B5lemine" title="Põlemine – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Põlemine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errekuntza" title="Errekuntza – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Errekuntza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="احتراق – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="احتراق" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaminen" title="Palaminen – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Palaminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion" title="Combustion – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Combustion" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3_(imoibri%C3%BA)" title="Dó (imoibriú) – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Dó (imoibriú)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combusti%C3%B3n" title="Combustión – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Combustión" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94" title="בעירה – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בעירה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8" title="दहन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दहन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorenje" title="Gorenje – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gorenje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reyaksyon_konbistyon" title="Reyaksyon konbistyon – Haïtiaans Creools" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Reyaksyon konbistyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89g%C3%A9s_(t%C5%B1zv%C3%A9delem)" title="Égés (tűzvédelem) – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Égés (tűzvédelem)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B5%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4_(%D5%A5%D6%80%D6%87%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%A9)" title="Այրում (երևույթ) – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Այրում (երևույթ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembakaran_(kimia)" title="Pembakaran (kimia) – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pembakaran (kimia)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81)" title="Дагар (физика-химе процесс) – Ingoesjetisch" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Дагар (физика-химе процесс)" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingoesjetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kombusto" title="Kombusto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kombusto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruni" title="Bruni – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bruni" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustione" title="Combustione – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Combustione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%84%BC" title="燃焼 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="燃焼" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="აალება – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აალება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time%E1%B9%9B%C9%A3iwt" title="Timeṛɣiwt – Kabylisch" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Timeṛɣiwt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabylisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Жану – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жану" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A3_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%A8" title="ಉಷ್ಣ ವಿಕಸನ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಉಷ್ಣ ವಿಕಸನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%B0%EC%86%8C" title="연소 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="연소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%B9%D2%AF%D2%AF" title="Күйүү – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Күйүү" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbrenning" title="Verbrenning – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Verbrenning" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degimo_reakcija" title="Degimo reakcija – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Degimo reakcija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deg%C5%A1ana" title="Degšana – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Degšana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembakaran" title="Pembakaran – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pembakaran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="ज्वलति – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ज्वलति" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbrenning" title="Forbrenning – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Forbrenning" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbrenning" title="Forbrenning – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Forbrenning" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion" title="Combustion – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Combustion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8" title="ਦਹਿਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਦਹਿਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spalanie" title="Spalanie – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Spalanie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="احتراق – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="احتراق" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combust%C3%A3o" title="Combustão – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Combustão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawray" title="Rawray – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rawray" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardere" title="Ardere – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ardere" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Горение – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Горение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D1%8B" title="Умайыы – Jakoets" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Умайыы" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cummustioni" title="Cummustioni – Siciliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cummustioni" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boaldin" title="Boaldin – Noord-Samisch" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Boaldin" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Noord-Samisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagorijevanje" title="Sagorijevanje – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sagorijevanje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion" title="Combustion – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Combustion" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horenie" title="Horenie – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Horenie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorenje_(kemija)" title="Gorenje (kemija) – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gorenje (kemija)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djegia" title="Djegia – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Djegia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagorevanje" title="Sagorevanje – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Sagorevanje" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6rbr%C3%A4nning" title="Förbränning – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Förbränning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="எரிதல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எரிதல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/pcyana_puniq" title="pcyana puniq – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="pcyana puniq" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%89" title="การเผาไหม้ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การเผาไหม้" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kombustiyon" title="Kombustiyon – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kombustiyon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanma" title="Yanma – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yanma" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Горіння – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Горіння" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="احتراق – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="احتراق" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A1y" title="Cháy – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cháy" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paglarab" title="Paglarab – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Paglarab" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawara" title="Sawara – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Sawara" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%83%A7" title="燃烧 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="燃烧" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92" title="פארברענונג – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פארברענונג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cgban%C3%A1" title="Ìgbaná – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìgbaná" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%83%A7" title="燃烧 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="燃烧" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%87%92" title="燃燒 – Klassiek Chinees" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="燃燒" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Klassiek Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji%C3%A2n-sio" title="Jiân-sio – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Jiân-sio" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%87%92" title="燃燒 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="燃燒" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukushisa" title="Ukushisa – Zoeloe" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ukushisa" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zoeloe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q133235#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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</div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar 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width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Voor verbranding binnen levende wezens, zie <a href="/wiki/Celademhaling" title="Celademhaling">Celademhaling</a>. Voor "verbranding" binnen sterren, zie <a href="/wiki/Sterevolutie" title="Sterevolutie">Sterevolutie</a> en <a href="/wiki/Nucleosynthese" title="Nucleosynthese">Nucleosynthese</a>.</i> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Incinerateur_de_dechets.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Incinerateur_de_dechets.JPG/260px-Incinerateur_de_dechets.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Incinerateur_de_dechets.JPG/390px-Incinerateur_de_dechets.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Incinerateur_de_dechets.JPG/520px-Incinerateur_de_dechets.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Afvalverbrandingsoven" class="mw-redirect" title="Afvalverbrandingsoven">Afvalverbrandingsoven</a> voor <a href="/wiki/Energieopwekking" class="mw-redirect" title="Energieopwekking">energieopwekking</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Verbranding</b> is een complex geheel van voornamelijk <a href="/wiki/Exotherme_reactie" class="mw-redirect" title="Exotherme reactie">exotherme</a> <a href="/wiki/Chemische_reactie" title="Chemische reactie">chemische reacties</a>, tussen een <a href="/wiki/Brandstof" title="Brandstof">brandstof</a> en een <a href="/wiki/Oxidator" title="Oxidator">oxidator</a>. De oxidator is meestal <a href="/wiki/Dizuurstof" title="Dizuurstof">zuurstofgas</a>, de brandstof bestaat dan uit <a href="/wiki/Organische_verbinding" title="Organische verbinding">koolstofverbindingen</a>, of uit <a href="/wiki/Diwaterstof#Brandstof" title="Diwaterstof">waterstof</a>. Bij verbranding wordt <a href="/wiki/Chemische_energie" title="Chemische energie">chemische energie</a> omgezet in de <a href="/wiki/Zintuiglijke_waarneming" class="mw-redirect" title="Zintuiglijke waarneming">zintuiglijk waarneembare</a> <a href="/wiki/Energie" title="Energie">energie</a>-vormen <a href="/wiki/Verbrandingswarmte" title="Verbrandingswarmte">warmte</a> (gloed) en <a href="/wiki/Licht" title="Licht">licht</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vlam" title="Vlam">vlam</a>). Organische verbindingen reageren, bij een volledige verbranding, met dizuurstof tot <a href="/wiki/Kooldioxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Kooldioxide">kooldioxide</a> en <a href="/wiki/Waterdamp" title="Waterdamp">waterdamp</a>, waterstof oxideert tot waterdamp. Verbranding kan zowel met vaste, vloeibare als gasvormige brandstoffen optreden. </p><p>Behalve brandstof en een oxidator is er voor de verbranding een gangmaker nodig. Bijvoorbeeld <a href="/wiki/Wrijving" title="Wrijving">wrijving</a> om een <a href="/wiki/Lucifer_(voorwerp)" title="Lucifer (voorwerp)">lucifer</a> aan te steken, een brandende lucifer om een vuur aan te steken, een <a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%ABzo-elektrisch_effect" title="Piëzo-elektrisch effect">piëzo-elektrische</a> vonk om het gas van een aansteker of een <a href="/wiki/Brander_(energie)" title="Brander (energie)">gasbrander</a> aan te steken, een elektrische vonk voor een <a href="/wiki/Benzinemotor" title="Benzinemotor">benzinemotor</a>, of <a href="/wiki/Druk_(grootheid)" title="Druk (grootheid)">samendrukking</a> voor een <a href="/wiki/Dieselmotor" title="Dieselmotor">dieselmotor</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Volledige_versus_onvolledige_verbranding">Volledige versus onvolledige verbranding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verbranding&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Volledige versus onvolledige verbranding" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verbranding&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Volledige versus onvolledige verbranding"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Volledige verbranding van een stof houdt in dat de geoxideerde stof zich maximaal met de oxidator (meestal <a href="/wiki/Dizuurstof" title="Dizuurstof">zuurstof</a>) <a href="/wiki/Chemische_binding" title="Chemische binding">verbindt</a>. Dit betekent dat de <a href="/wiki/Molecuul" title="Molecuul">moleculen</a> van de <a href="/wiki/Brandstof" title="Brandstof">brandstof</a> eerst in <a href="/wiki/Atoom" title="Atoom">atomen</a> worden <a href="/wiki/Ontledingsreactie" title="Ontledingsreactie">gesplitst</a>, waarna ieder vrijgekomen atoom zich bindt aan zoveel atomen van de oxidator, <a href="/wiki/Valentie_(scheikunde)" title="Valentie (scheikunde)">als voor dat type atoom mogelijk is</a>. </p><p>Onvolledige verbranding treedt op als er te weinig van de oxidator aanwezig is, en de verbranding toch niet stopt (bijvoorbeeld door extreme hitte). Bij onvolledige verbranding zullen atomen uit de brandstof zich binden aan minder atomen van de oxidator (meestal zuurstof) dan voor dat <a href="/wiki/Element_(scheikunde)" class="mw-redirect" title="Element (scheikunde)">type atoom</a> mogelijk is. Een voorbeeld van onvolledige verbranding is de gedeeltelijke verbranding van zwavel tot zwavelmonoxide (2 S + O<sub>2</sub> → 2 SO). </p><p>Daarnaast kunnen moleculen van de brandstof niet volledig in atomen worden opgesplitst, waarbij 'brokstukken' van de brandstof zich verbinden met atomen van de oxidator, of zelfs dat niet. <a href="/wiki/Roet_(materie)" title="Roet (materie)">Roet</a> is een voorbeeld van zulke onverbrande brokstukken van de brandstof. </p><p>Bij een onvolledige verbranding komt minder energie in de vorm van <a href="/wiki/Warmte" title="Warmte">warmte</a> vrij dan bij een volledige verbranding. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Giftigheid_en_milieubelasting_van_verbrandingsproducten">Giftigheid en <a href="/wiki/Milieu-impact" title="Milieu-impact">milieubelasting</a> van verbrandingsproducten</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verbranding&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Giftigheid en milieubelasting van verbrandingsproducten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verbranding&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Giftigheid en milieubelasting van verbrandingsproducten"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Als bekend is uit welke <a href="/wiki/Atoom" title="Atoom">atomen</a> een <a href="/wiki/Molecuul" title="Molecuul">molecuul</a> van een brandstof bestaat, kan de kans op het vrijkomen van giftige verbrandingsproducten worden voorspeld. Bij volledige verbranding is het eenvoudig: ieder <a href="/wiki/Element_(scheikunde)" class="mw-redirect" title="Element (scheikunde)">type atoom</a> uit het <a href="/wiki/Molecuul" title="Molecuul">molecuul</a> van de brandstof bindt zich, afhankelijk van zijn <a href="/wiki/Valentie_(scheikunde)" title="Valentie (scheikunde)">valentie</a>, aan zo veel mogelijk atomen van de oxidator (meestal zuurstof). Deze nieuw ontstane <a href="/wiki/Samengestelde_stof" title="Samengestelde stof">chemische verbindingen</a> zijn de verbrandingsproducten. </p><p>Bij onvolledige verbranding zijn veel verschillende verbrandingsproducten mogelijk, die ieder giftig kunnen zijn. Atomen van sommige <a href="/wiki/Element_(scheikunde)" class="mw-redirect" title="Element (scheikunde)">elementen</a> kunnen met één of meer sub-maximale aantallen atomen van de oxidator verbonden worden, en ook zijn vele verbrande en onverbrande 'brokstukken' van het molecuul van de <a href="/wiki/Brandstof" title="Brandstof">brandstof</a> mogelijk. Een belangrijk voorbeeld van een gevaarlijk verbrandingsproduct dat <a href="/wiki/Chemische_reactie" title="Chemische reactie">wordt gevormd</a> bij onvolledige verbranding is het <a href="/wiki/Verstikking" title="Verstikking">verstikkende</a> gas <a href="/wiki/Koolmonoxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Koolmonoxide">koolmonoxide</a>. De onvolledige verbranding is vaak het gevolg van een slecht afgestelde <a href="/wiki/Kachel" title="Kachel">kachel</a>, waardoor de zuurstoftoevoer onvoldoende is. Ook bij <a href="/wiki/Brand_(vuur)" title="Brand (vuur)">brand</a> is koolmonoxide een belangrijke doodsoorzaak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verbranding_van_gasvormige_brandstoffen">Verbranding van gasvormige brandstoffen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verbranding&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Verbranding van gasvormige brandstoffen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verbranding&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Verbranding van gasvormige brandstoffen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De eenvoudigste verbranding is die van gasvormige brandstoffen. De gasvormige brandstof en de gasvormige oxidator (doorgaans zuurstof in lucht) kunnen goed mengen, en daardoor <a href="/wiki/Homogeen_mengsel" class="mw-redirect" title="Homogeen mengsel">homogeen</a> en efficiënt met elkaar reageren. Bekend is <a href="/wiki/Aardgas" title="Aardgas">aardgas</a> als efficiënte, schone brandstof. De meest voorkomende <a href="/wiki/Chemische_reactie" title="Chemische reactie">reactie</a> bij deze verbranding is: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {CH4 + 2O2 -> CO2 + 2H2O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶<!-- ⟶ --></mo> <msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {CH4 + 2O2 -> CO2 + 2H2O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/15ab4eaec6907cc1b1f1a8d0cede5ef9087e5438" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:30.36ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {CH4 + 2O2 -> CO2 + 2H2O}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Bij onvolledige verbranding (bij een tekort aan zuurstof) treedt daarnaast onder andere deze reactie op: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2CH4 + 3O2 -> 2CO + 4H2O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶<!-- ⟶ --></mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2CH4 + 3O2 -> 2CO + 4H2O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/09a874429a3d7e5f17dafe805c39c9da40a93292" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:32.404ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2CH4 + 3O2 -> 2CO + 4H2O}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Het bijproduct van de verbranding is dan <a href="/wiki/Koolstofmonoxide" title="Koolstofmonoxide">koolstofmonoxide</a> (CO). Bij een nog groter gebrek aan zuurstof wordt ook <a href="/wiki/Roet_(materie)" title="Roet (materie)">roet</a> (C) gevormd. </p><p>Aardgas is voornamelijk <a href="/wiki/Methaan" title="Methaan">methaangas</a>, maar ook <a href="/wiki/Propaan" title="Propaan">propaangas</a> en <a href="/wiki/Butaan" title="Butaan">butaangas</a> vinden toepassing, vooral op <a href="/wiki/Kampeerterrein" title="Kampeerterrein">campings</a> en regio's waar geen aardgas voorhanden is. De waargenomen vlam is in feite het hete gas dat <a href="/wiki/Chemoluminescentie" title="Chemoluminescentie">licht</a> afgeeft, volgens de <a href="/wiki/Wet_van_Planck" title="Wet van Planck">Wet van Planck</a>. De kleur van het licht volgt uit de <a href="/wiki/Verschuivingswet_van_Wien" title="Verschuivingswet van Wien">Wet van Wien</a>. Een goede vlam zal heet zijn, dus grotendeels blauw. Onvolledige verbranding blijkt uit een gele of oranje vlam. </p><p>De oxidator is niet altijd zuurstofgas. Zo gebruikt men in <a href="/wiki/Raket" title="Raket">raketmotoren</a> dikwijls <a href="/wiki/Waterstofperoxide" title="Waterstofperoxide">waterstofperoxide</a> als oxidator. In <a href="/wiki/Springstof" class="mw-redirect" title="Springstof">springstoffen</a> — waar een heel snelle verbranding (<a href="/wiki/Explosie" title="Explosie">explosie</a>) gebeurt — is de oxidator <a href="/wiki/Nitraat" title="Nitraat">nitraat</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chromaat_en_dichromaat" title="Chromaat en dichromaat">chromaat</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verbranding_van_vloeibare_brandstoffen">Verbranding van vloeibare brandstoffen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verbranding&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Verbranding van vloeibare brandstoffen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verbranding&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Verbranding van vloeibare brandstoffen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ingewikkelder is de verbranding met een <a href="/wiki/Vloeistof" title="Vloeistof">vloeibare</a> brandstof. Vloeibare brandstof moet eerst tot een gas of tot een nevel overgaan voordat verbranding kan optreden. Zo zal in een <a href="/wiki/Verbrandingsmotor" title="Verbrandingsmotor">verbrandingsmotor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benzine" title="Benzine">benzine</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dieselolie" title="Dieselolie">diesel</a> verstoven worden in een <a href="/wiki/Verbrandingskamer" title="Verbrandingskamer">verbrandingskamer</a>. <a href="/wiki/Stookolie" title="Stookolie">Stookolie</a> zal eveneens verdampen door de hitte van de verbranding. Ook hier duidt een blauwe vlam op een hoge temperatuur, en een oranje, gele of rode vlam op een lage. Een zwartkleurende vlam duidt op de aanwezigheid van <a href="/wiki/Roet_(materie)" title="Roet (materie)">roet</a>: deeltjes <a href="/wiki/Vaste_stof" title="Vaste stof">vaste</a> <a href="/wiki/Koolstof" title="Koolstof">koolstof</a>, die onverbrand met de <a href="/wiki/Rook" title="Rook">rook</a> meevliegen. Omdat roet schadelijk is voor de <a href="/wiki/Long_(orgaan)" title="Long (orgaan)">longen</a> zijn veel roetproducerende motoren, zoals diesels, uitgerust met een <a href="/wiki/Roetfilter" title="Roetfilter">roetfilter</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verbranding_van_vaste_brandstoffen">Verbranding van vaste brandstoffen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verbranding&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Verbranding van vaste brandstoffen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verbranding&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Verbranding van vaste brandstoffen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Houtvuur%2C_slow-motion.webm/260px--Houtvuur%2C_slow-motion.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="260" height="462" data-durationhint="91506" data-mwtitle="Houtvuur,_slow-motion.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Bestand:Houtvuur,_slow-motion.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Houtvuur%2C_slow-motion.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="720" data-height="1280" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/Houtvuur%2C_slow-motion.webm/Houtvuur%2C_slow-motion.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="270" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/Houtvuur%2C_slow-motion.webm/Houtvuur%2C_slow-motion.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="406" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/Houtvuur%2C_slow-motion.webm/Houtvuur%2C_slow-motion.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="608" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/Houtvuur%2C_slow-motion.webm/Houtvuur%2C_slow-motion.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="136" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/Houtvuur%2C_slow-motion.webm/Houtvuur%2C_slow-motion.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="202" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/Houtvuur%2C_slow-motion.webm/Houtvuur%2C_slow-motion.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="202" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Houtvuur, slow-motion. Links nog nat hout en rechts gasverbranding</figcaption></figure> <p>Nog ingewikkelder is de verbranding van vaste brandstoffen, bijvoorbeeld <a href="/wiki/Steenkool" title="Steenkool">steenkool</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hout" title="Hout">hout</a>. Hout zal eerst moeten drogen door de warmte. Een houtvuur zal aanvankelijk witte rook afgeven, dit is het tot '<a href="/wiki/Stoom" title="Stoom">stoom</a>' vernevelde, in het hout aanwezige water. Vervolgens zullen de complexe organische moleculen door de hitte uiteenvallen in kleinere brokstukken, die uiteindelijk als gasvorm vervluchtigen en met zuurstof reageren. Die gasverbranding geeft dan de vlammen. De vlammen zijn de hete gassen die oplichten door hun temperatuur. Ook hier kan de rook zwarte roetdeeltjes bevatten, naast andere, niet volledig verbrande stoffen, die in het hout zitten en als <a href="/wiki/As_(verbranding)" title="As (verbranding)">as</a> overblijven. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ongewenste_verbranding_van_stikstof_in_verbrandingsmotoren">Ongewenste verbranding van stikstof in verbrandingsmotoren</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verbranding&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Ongewenste verbranding van stikstof in verbrandingsmotoren" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verbranding&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Ongewenste verbranding van stikstof in verbrandingsmotoren"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Lucht" title="Lucht">Lucht</a> bevat 21% zuurstofgas en 78% <a href="/wiki/Distikstof" title="Distikstof">stikstofgas</a>, plus kleine hoeveelheden andere gassen, met name (ongeveer 1%) <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">argon</a>. De zuurstof dient als gezegd doorgaans als oxidator. Stikstofgas is grotendeels <a href="/wiki/Chemische_inertie" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemische inertie">inert</a> en neemt meestal geen deel aan de verbrandingsreactie. Bij hoge temperatuur kan het echter voorkomen, dat stikstofgas en zuurstofgas met elkaar reageren en <a href="/wiki/Stikstofoxiden" class="mw-redirect" title="Stikstofoxiden">stikstofoxiden</a> vormen, zogenaamde NOx. Dit is een verzamelbegrip voor NO, NO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> enz, gassen die schadelijk zijn voor de longen. Daarom is een benzinemotor uitgerust met een <a href="/wiki/Katalysator" title="Katalysator">katalysator</a> om deze stikstofoxiden <a href="/wiki/Ontledingsreactie" title="Ontledingsreactie">af te breken</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Onbrandbaar">Onbrandbaar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verbranding&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Onbrandbaar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verbranding&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Onbrandbaar"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De brandbaarheid van stoffen wordt uitgedrukt als <a href="/wiki/Specifieke_energie" class="mw-redirect" title="Specifieke energie">energetische waarde</a> in MJ/kg. Zo wordt een stof met een energetische waarde van 2,0 MJ/kg of minder als onbrandbaar aangemerkt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verbranding&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verbranding&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oxidatie" title="Oxidatie">Oxidatie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrolyse" title="Pyrolyse">Pyrolyse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vloeibare_waterstof" title="Vloeibare waterstof">Vloeibare waterstof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vuur" title="Vuur">Vuur</a></li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐74dc4d995d‐5l64b Cached time: 20241103155404 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.031 seconds Real time usage: 0.114 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 135/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 405/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 141/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 4/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 72/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 2.665 1 Sjabloon:Zie_artikel 100.00% 2.665 1 -total --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key nlwiki:pcache:idhash:862741-0!canonical and timestamp 20241103155404 and revision id 66617063. 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