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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American gospel record label</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Light_Records" title="Special:EditPage/Light Records">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Light+Records%22">"Light Records"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Light+Records%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Light+Records%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Light+Records%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Light+Records%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Light+Records%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Record label</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: LightBlue">Light Records</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent company</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/MNRK_Music_Group" title="MNRK Music Group">MNRK Music Group</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1966<span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1966</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Carmichael" title="Ralph Carmichael">Ralph Carmichael</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">Gospel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country of origin</th><td class="infobox-data">U.S.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Light Records</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">gospel</a> <a href="/wiki/Record_label" title="Record label">record label</a> founded in 1966 by <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Carmichael" title="Ralph Carmichael">Ralph Carmichael</a>, as a joint venture with the <a href="/wiki/Waco,_Texas" title="Waco, Texas">Waco</a>, Texas-based <a href="/wiki/Word_Records" title="Word Records">Word Records</a>. It is a subsidiary of the <a href="/wiki/MNRK_Music_Group" title="MNRK Music Group">MNRK Music Group</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Light_Records&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Light Records' first roster included Ralph Carmichael, the Carmichael Young People, Ralph Carmichael's 102 Strings recordings, and Ralph's daughter <a href="/wiki/Carol_Parks" title="Carol Parks">Kim (Carol) Carmichael</a>. Other artists included <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Durante" title="Jimmy Durante">Jimmy Durante</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thurl_Ravenscroft" title="Thurl Ravenscroft">Thurl Ravenscroft</a> (the voice of <a href="/wiki/Tony_the_Tiger" title="Tony the Tiger">Tony the Tiger</a> in cereal commercials). Light moved into Gospel music quickly, with the 1968 signing of future <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Award</a>-winners <a href="/wiki/Andrae_Crouch" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrae Crouch">Andrae Crouch & the Disciples</a> and <i>The Oral Roberts Singers</i>, featuring <a href="/wiki/Richard_Roberts_(evangelist)" title="Richard Roberts (evangelist)">Richard Roberts (evangelist)</a> who had a hit with their opening theme <i>Something Good Is Going to Happen to You</i> and closing theme <i>A God of Miracles</i> for <i>The Oral Roberts Hour</i>. </p><p>Soon other gospel artists, including <a href="/wiki/Kristle_Murden" title="Kristle Murden">Kristle Murden</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Archers_(musical_group)" title="The Archers (musical group)">The Archers</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Winans" title="The Winans">The Winans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Hawkins" title="Walter Hawkins">Walter Hawkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tramaine_Hawkins" title="Tramaine Hawkins">Tramaine Hawkins</a> and Bob Bailey joined the roster.<sup id="cite_ref-gflight_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gflight-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For a time, Light was also home to contemporary Christian artists such as <a href="/wiki/Sweet_Comfort_Band" title="Sweet Comfort Band">Sweet Comfort Band</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reba_Rambo-McGuire" class="mw-redirect" title="Reba Rambo-McGuire">Reba Rambo-McGuire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamie_Owens-Collins" title="Jamie Owens-Collins">Jamie Owens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carman_(singer)" title="Carman (singer)">Carman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Porter_(musician)" title="Paul Porter (musician)">Paul Porter</a>. </p><p>The label gained a reputation for pushing the boundaries of gospel music at this time by employing people like famed A&R executive Bill Maxwell with a pedigree in secular rock. He and several other associates were in support of the sound of gospel progressing beyond that presented by the traditional church as long as the lyrics remained Christian.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carmichael bought out Word's portion of Light/Lexicon in 1980, after <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC/CapCities</a> had purchased Word in 1974. The Christian indie label struck a deal with <a href="/wiki/Elektra_Records" title="Elektra Records">Elektra Records</a> to aid in distribution circa 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Light was later purchased by <a href="/wiki/Platinum_Entertainment" title="Platinum Entertainment">Platinum Entertainment</a> in 1993. After Platinum filed bankruptcy in 2001, it was renamed <a href="/wiki/Compendia_Music_Group" title="Compendia Music Group">Compendia Music Group</a>, and the Light label continued as an urban-gospel label. Compendia was purchased by Sheridan Square Entertainment in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a 2002 interview, Phillip White, then-vice president of Light Records highlighted the history and significance of the label: "Light Records was simply a renaissance of creativity. It heralded a step taken in gospel that has never happened since, in terms of innovation, in terms of music that became more relevant and more accessible. Light Records released music that crossed outside the church and crossed racial boundaries."<sup id="cite_ref-gflight_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gflight-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of April 2010, Light Records was owned by Entertainment One.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Executive James Robinson ushered in a new era of gospel artists at Light Records circa 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After developing artists such as Youthful Praise featuring J.J. Hairston, Robinson was instrumental in supporting significant new releases from <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Caesar" title="Shirley Caesar">Shirley Caesar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dorinda_Clark_Cole" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorinda Clark Cole">Dorinda Clark Cole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_McReynolds" title="Jonathan McReynolds">Jonathan McReynolds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dawkins_%26_Dawkins" title="Dawkins & Dawkins">Dawkins & Dawkins</a>, as well as Destiny's Child member <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Williams_(singer)" title="Michelle Williams (singer)">Michelle Williams</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Light_Records&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_record_labels" class="mw-redirect" title="List of record labels">List of record labels</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Light_Records&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-gflight-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gflight_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gflight_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gospelflava.com/articles/lightrecords.html">"Back On: Light Records; Interview with Light VP, Phillip White"</a>. 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Back+On%3A+Light+Records%3B+Interview+with+Light+VP%2C+Phillip+White&rft.date=2002&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gospelflava.com%2Farticles%2Flightrecords.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALight+Records" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5CMEAAAAMBAJ&dq=%22light+records%22+gospel&pg=PT85">"Chris Christian Sees Lyrics As The Fundamental Difference"</a>. Billboard. 1980-10-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chris+Christian+Sees+Lyrics+As+The+Fundamental+Difference&rft.pub=Billboard&rft.date=1980-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5CMEAAAAMBAJ%26dq%3D%2522light%2Brecords%2522%2Bgospel%26pg%3DPT85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALight+Records" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEd_Harrison1982" class="citation web cs1">Ed Harrison (1982-10-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=giQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT38">"Shedding Light Along The Way"</a>. Billboard<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shedding+Light+Along+The+Way&rft.pub=Billboard&rft.date=1982-10-02&rft.au=Ed+Harrison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgiQEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPT38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALight+Records" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130414181216/http://www.mymusicway.com/labels/light.html">"Light Records"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mymusicway.com/labels/light.html">the original</a> on 2013-04-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-12-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Light+Records&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mymusicway.com%2Flabels%2Flight.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALight+Records" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120731052650/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/content_display/industry/e3i5a1636af3715b03b2c9b7accdbc8ad69">"E1 Acquires IndieBlu"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/content_display/industry/e3i5a1636af3715b03b2c9b7accdbc8ad69">the original</a> on 2012-07-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-08-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=E1+Acquires+IndieBlu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.biz%2Fbbbiz%2Fcontent_display%2Findustry%2Fe3i5a1636af3715b03b2c9b7accdbc8ad69&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALight+Records" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaco.com/james-d-robinson-named-executive-directorgm-at-malaco-records/">"James D. Robinson Named Executive Director/GM at Malaco Records"</a>. Malaco Music Group. 2017-11-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=James+D.+Robinson+Named+Executive+Director%2FGM+at+Malaco+Records&rft.pub=Malaco+Music+Group&rft.date=2017-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaco.com%2Fjames-d-robinson-named-executive-directorgm-at-malaco-records%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALight+Records" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rootmagazineonline.com/featured-content/the-bounce-back-james-robinson-made-executive-directorgm-at-malaco-records/">"The Bounce Back: James Robinson Made Executive Director/GM at Malaco Records"</a>. The Root. 2017-11-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Bounce+Back%3A+James+Robinson+Made+Executive+Director%2FGM+at+Malaco+Records&rft.pub=The+Root&rft.date=2017-11-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frootmagazineonline.com%2Ffeatured-content%2Fthe-bounce-back-james-robinson-made-executive-directorgm-at-malaco-records%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALight+Records" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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Gray</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Altman" title="Roger Altman">Roger Altman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Fink" title="Larry Fink">Larry Fink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_E._James" title="Hamilton E. James">Hamilton E. James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Stockman" title="David Stockman">David Stockman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Studzinski" title="John J. Studzinski">John J. Studzinski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Tosi" title="Laurence Tosi">Laurence Tosi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackstone_Credit" title="Blackstone Credit">Blackstone Credit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BlackRock" title="BlackRock">Blackrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PJT_Partners" title="PJT Partners">PJT Partners</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Investment holdings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Business services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CMS_Computers" title="CMS Computers">CMS Computers</a></li> <li>RGIS</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SunGard" title="SunGard">SunGard</a> (minority shareholder)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Consumer/retail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Michaels_Companies" title="The Michaels Companies">The Michaels Companies</a> (Joint control)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinnacle_Foods" title="Pinnacle Foods">Pinnacle Foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Biscuits" title="United Biscuits">United Biscuits</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">IT services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mphasis" title="Mphasis">Mphasis</a> (56.12%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Financial services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BankUnited" title="BankUnited">BankUnited</a> (minority stake)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corebridge_Financial" title="Corebridge Financial">Corebridge Financial</a> (minority stake)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HealthMarkets" title="HealthMarkets">HealthMarkets</a> (minority stake)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Guaranty_Insurance_Company" title="Financial Guaranty Insurance Company">FGIC</a> (minority stake)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refinitiv" title="Refinitiv">Refinitiv</a> (minority stake)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Healthcare</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biomet" title="Biomet">Biomet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emcure_Pharmaceuticals" title="Emcure Pharmaceuticals">Emcure Pharmaceuticals</a> (investment)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_Health_Systems" title="Vanguard Health Systems">Vanguard Health Systems</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industrial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freescale_Semiconductor" title="Freescale Semiconductor">Freescale</a> (Joint Control)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kl%C3%B6ckner_Pentaplast" title="Klöckner Pentaplast">Klöckner Pentaplast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRW_Automotive" title="TRW Automotive">TRW Automotive</a> (Control)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essel_Propack" title="Essel Propack">Essel Propack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media/telecom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MNRK_Music_Group" title="MNRK Music Group">MNRK Music Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dualtone_Records" title="Dualtone Records">Dualtone Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Gang_Records" title="Last Gang Records">Last Gang Records</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Light Records</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SESAC" title="SESAC">SESAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EAccess" class="mw-redirect" title="EAccess">eAccess</a> (investment)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nielsen_Holdings" title="Nielsen Holdings">Nielsen Holdings</a> (minority stake)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axtel" title="Axtel">Axtel</a> (minority stake)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Telekom" title="Deutsche Telekom">Deutsche Telekom</a> (minority stake)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TDC_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="TDC Group">TDC Group</a> (minority stake)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Weather_Channel" title="The Weather Channel">The Weather Channel</a> (minority stake)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Data_Group" title="International Data Group">International Data Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Travel & leisure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hilton_Worldwide" title="Hilton Worldwide">Hilton Worldwide</a> (former)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casual_Dining_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Casual Dining Group">Casual Dining Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_Parcs_Europe" title="Center Parcs Europe">Center Parcs Europe</a> (freehold)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_Parcs_UK_and_Ireland" title="Center Parcs UK and Ireland">Center Parcs UK and Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesars_Entertainment_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesars Entertainment Corporation">Caesars Entertainment Corporation</a> (former)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Resorts" title="Crown Resorts">Crown Resorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Wolf_Resorts" title="Great Wolf Resorts">Great Wolf Resorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlin_Entertainments" title="Merlin Entertainments">Merlin Entertainments</a> (minority stake)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaWorld_Parks_%26_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment">SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment</a> (former)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travelport" title="Travelport">Travelport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourne_Leisure" title="Bourne Leisure">Bourne Leisure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Village_Hotel_Club" title="Village Hotel Club">Village Hotel Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Real estate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Stay_America" title="Extended Stay America">Extended Stay America</a> (minority stake)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EQ_Office" title="EQ Office">EQ Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Quinta_Inns_%26_Suites" title="La Quinta Inns & Suites">La Quinta Inns & Suites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_Ryde_City" title="Top Ryde City">Top Ryde City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6546074#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata887" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6546074#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata887" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6546074#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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