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fa-close"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </header>  <div class="container container-single"> <div id="main" class="penci-main-sticky-sidebar"> <div class="theiaStickySidebar"> <article id="post-21312" class="post-21312 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-cupressaceae category-gimnosperme category-piante-medicinali"> <div class="header-standard header-classic single-header"> <h1 class="post-title single-post-title"><i>Juniperus phoenicea</i></h1> </div> <div class="post-entry blockquote-style-2"> <div class="inner-post-entry"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body><p class="post_excerpt"><strong>Famiglia</strong> : <a href="https://www.monaconatureencyclopedia.com/cupressaceae/">Cupressaceae</a></p> <h2><img class=" alignleft size-full wp-image-11235" src="https://www.monaconatureencyclopedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/08/EUGENIO-2.gif" alt="EUGENIO-2.gif" width="80" height="80" align="left"><br> Testo © Eugenio Zanotti</h2> <p> </p> <div style="width: 560px" class="wp-caption alignleft"><img loading="lazy" title="Juniperus phoenicea, Cupressaceae, Ginepro feniceo" src="https://www.monaconatureencyclopedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/08/il_juniperus_phoenicea_e_una_specie_euri-mediterranea_di_3-8_m_d_altezza_molto_longeva.jpg" alt="Juniperus phoenicea, Cupressaceae, Ginepro feniceo" width="550" height="763" align="left"><p class="wp-caption-text">Il Juniperus phoenicea è una specie Euri-Mediterranea di 3-8 m d’altezza molto longeva © Giuseppe Mazza</p></div> <p>Il genere <strong> <em>Juniperus</em> </strong> comprende, secondo vari Autori, da 50 a 67 specie (8 spontanee in Europa) di alberi ed arbusti monoici o dioici, con foglie opposte o in verticilli di tre, aghiformi o squamiformi o con entrambe le forme.</p> <p>Coni femminili ascellari o terminali che maturano nel primo, secondo o terzo anno, di solito ovoidali o globosi. Le specie di questo genere sono ampiamente distribuite nell’Emisfero orientale: Europa, Azzorre, Canarie, Asia Minore ed Africa, Asia centrale (dal Turkmenistan all’Himalaya occidentale), Estremo Oriente (Cina, Giappone, Corea, Sakhalin, Taiwan), e nell’Emisfero occidentale: Nord America, Messico, Guatemala e nei Caraibi. Comprende varie specie di alberi ad alto fusto, fino a 20-40 metri d’altezza (come ad es. <strong> <em>Juniperus procera</em> </strong> dell’Etiopia) e bassi arbusti con rami ricadenti.</p> <p>Il nome generico per taluni deriverebbe da una parola celtica che significa ruvido, aspro, per le foglie pungenti ed il sapore aspro delle galbule, per altri dai nomi latini “iùnix”, giovenca e “pàrio”, io do alla luce, perché una delle specie di ginepro (<a href="https://www.monaconatureencyclopedia.com/juniperus-sabina/"><strong><em>Juniperus sabina</em></strong></a>) si somministrava nell’antichità alle mucche primipare per favorire il parto. Il significato del nome specifico è controverso: per alcuni deriverebbe dall’ampia diffusione di questa specie nel Libano, la patria dei Fenici, per altri invece avrebbe origine dal termine latino “phoenicia”, rosso porporino, per il colore delle pseudobacche mature.</p> <p>Il Ginepro feniceo (<strong><em>Juniperus phoenicea</em> </strong> L. 1753), volgarmente noto anche come, cedro licio, sabìna baccìfera, sabina marittima o falsa sabina, è una specie a distribuzione Euri-Mediterranea comprendente le coste mediterranee, con ampliamenti verso nord ed est: dalla Macaronesia (isole di Capo verde, Azzorre, Canarie, Madera) alla Palestina e dal Nordafrica ai Pirenei e al golfo di Trieste, sia lungo le coste, sia sui loro rilievi fino 600-800 (1350) m di quota.</p> <p>Il suo habitat sono le zone costiere della macchia rupestre, specialmente calcarea, garighe molto povere e litorali sabbiosi; raramente in formazioni pure, di solito frammisto ad altre specie della macchia mediterranea (la macchia dunale a ginepri, appiattita dal vento, resistente alla salsedine corrosiva, prima e robusta linea di difesa dei litorali) come le euforbie arboree, i cisti, i lentischi, gli ilatri , gli olivastri, ecc. È una specie molto utile per il consolidamento dei terreni sabbiosi soggetti all’erosione e per la costituzione di fasce frangivento nelle aree prossime alle spiagge.</p> <div style="width: 560px" class="wp-caption alignright"><img loading="lazy" title="Juniperus phoenicea, Cupressaceae, Ginepro feniceo" src="https://www.monaconatureencyclopedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/08/foglie_simili_al_cipresso_rami_tossici_e_apparato_radicale_robusto_che_penetra_anche_le_rocce.jpg" alt="Juniperus phoenicea, Cupressaceae, Ginepro feniceo" width="550" height="785" align="right"><p class="wp-caption-text">Foglie simili al cipresso, rami tossici e apparato radicale robusto che penetra anche le rocce © Giuseppe Mazza</p></div> <p>Si tratta di un grosso arbusto o piccolo albero sempreverde con chioma verde scuro, densa e assai ramificata, dalla forma variabile: inizialmente globosa o conica, poi espansa ed ombrelliforme nei soggetti vetusti, con tronchi solitamente diritti o ma che in prossimità del mare si fanno obliqui e contorti. È alto mediamente 3-8 (12) m, e fusti con corteccia bruno-grigiastra desquamantesi verticalmente in sottili fettucce che si arrotolano scoprendo lo strato sottostante rossastro.</p> <p>Sistema radicale molto robusto e adatto a penetrare anche dentro le rocce. Foglie giovani aghiformi e solitamente molli o poco pungenti, lunghe fino a 12-14 mm. patenti, appiattite; nei rami adulti simili a quelle del cipresso, lunghe fino ad un mm, squamiformi e densamente embriciate, scariose al margine e provviste sul dorso di una ghiandola resinifera, opposte o talora verticillate a tre, quindi disposte su sei file.</p> <p>Coni piccoli, portati all’apice dei rametti, quelli maschili ovoidali, gialli mentre quelli femminili, di forma globosa, sono di color verde scuro o nerastri. Il periodo riproduttivo di protrae da marzo ad aprile. Di norma la specie è monoica ma vi sono anche popolazioni dioiche.</p> <p>La gàlbula ha l’aspetto di una bacca carnosa, globosa od ovoidale, (botanicamente è una arcestida), di (6) 8-10 (12) mm, pendula, che matura in due anni; da giovane è verde-giallastra e lucida, poi rosso mattone scuro ed opaca, e contiene da 3 a 9 semi, ovati, solcati.</p> <p>Nella regione mediterranea occidentale, a basse quote, è presente la sottospecie <strong> <em>turbinata</em> </strong> (Guss.) Nyman (1881) che si distingue per le foglie acute e frutti di dimensioni superiori (12-14 mm) alla sottospecie nominale, e rami verticali che superano in lunghezza quelli laterali.</p> <p>Il ginepro feniceo si distingue agevolmente dal Ginepro comune (<a href="https://www.monaconatureencyclopedia.com/juniperus-communis/"><em>Juniperus communis</em></a>) e dal Ginepro ossicedro (<a href="https://www.monaconatureencyclopedia.com/juniperus-oxycedrus/"><em>Juniperus oxycedrus</em></a>) poiché questi hanno foglie aghiformi e pungenti anche da adulte, il primo con bacche aromatiche glauco-pruinose di colore violaceo e foglie di sopra con una sola stria bianca, il secondo per le bacche insipide brunastre o rosso-brune e foglie di sopra con due strie bianche.</p> <p>Il ginepro feniceo è una specie ad accrescimento assai lento ma è altresì molto longeva; il suo legno è duro, compatto, differenziato, di grana fine, resinoso; è apprezzato in ebanisteria ed è stato impiegato per la fabbricazione di matite.</p> <div style="width: 653px" class="wp-caption alignleft"><img loading="lazy" title="Juniperus phoenicea, Cupressaceae, Ginepro feniceo" src="https://www.monaconatureencyclopedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/08/la_glabule_prima_lucide_verde-giallastro_poi_opache_rosso_mattone_scuro_maturano_in_due_anni.jpg" alt="Juniperus phoenicea, Cupressaceae, Ginepro feniceo" width="643" height="419" align="left"><p class="wp-caption-text">Foglie simili al cipresso, rami tossici e apparato radicale robusto che penetra anche le rocce © Giuseppe Mazza</p></div> <p>In Libia i giovani rami del <strong> <em>Juniperus phoenicea</em> </strong> (contenenti il 2-3 % di un olio essenziale assai tossico contenente pinene, sabinene, sabinolo, geraniolo, tannini, ecc.), così come i rametti del Ginepro sabina (<strong><em>Juniperus sabina</em></strong>) dotati di forte azione emmenagoga e stimolante le contrazioni uterine, sono usati dalle popolazioni locali per procurare l’aborto con gravissimo rischio per la salute dato che causano bruciore ed irritazione delle mucose oro-faringee e dello stomaco con nausea, vomito violenti dolori addominali, cefalea, nefrite emorragica e crampi muscolari.</p> <p>Della sezione <strong> <em>Sabina</em> </strong> sono state introdotte in alcuni paesi anche specie esotiche come il Ginepro della Virginia (<strong><em>Juniperus virginiana</em></strong>) originario dell’America settentrionale, introdotto in Europa nel 1664, utilizzato come pianta ornamentale il cui legno è impiegato per farne pali, pavimenti, estrazione di olio essenziale, ecc. Sempre nei parchi e nei giardini sono coltivate anche <strong> <em>Juniperus chinensis</em> </strong> (dalla Cina) e <strong> <em>Juniperus excelsa</em> </strong> (dai Balcani, Asia Miniore e Caucaso).</p> <p>Sinonimi: <strong> <em> Juniperus lycia </em> </strong> L. (1753); <strong> <em> Oxycedrus licia </em> </strong> Garsault (1764); <strong> <em> Juniperus phoenicea </em> </strong> var. lobelii Guss. (1826); <strong> <em> Juniperus phoenicea </em> </strong> fo. <strong> megalocarpa </strong> Maire (1941); <strong> <em>Juniperus turbinata </em> </strong> Guss. (1844); <strong> <em> Juniperis oophora </em> </strong> Kunze (1846); <strong> <em> Juniperus phoenicea </em> </strong> var. <strong> lycia </strong> (L.) St.-Lag. (1847); <strong> <em> Juniperus phoenicea </em> </strong> var. <strong> sclerocarpa </strong> Endl. (1847); <strong> <em>Juniperus myosuros </em> </strong> Sénécl. (1854); <strong> <em> Juniperus bacciformis </em> </strong> Carrière (1855); <strong> <em> Juniperus phoenicea </em> </strong> var. <strong> pyramidalis </strong> Carrière (1855); <strong> <em> Sabina bacciformis (Carrière) Antoine </em> </strong> (1857); <strong> <em> Sabina lycia </em> </strong> (L.) Antoine (1857); <strong> <em> Sabina phoenicea </em> </strong> (L.) Antoine (1857); <strong> <em> Juniperus langoldiana </em> </strong> Gordon (1862); <strong> <em> Juniperus malacocarpa </em> </strong> Carrière (1867); <strong> <em> Cupressus tetragona </em> </strong> Humb. & Bonpl. ex Carrière (1867); <strong> <em> Juniperus phoenicea </em> </strong> var. <strong> turbinate </strong> (Guss.) Parl. (1868); <strong> <em> Juniperus phoenicea </em> </strong> subsp. <strong> turbinata </strong> (Guss.) Nyman (1881); <strong> <em> Cupressus devoniana </em> </strong> Beissn. (1891); <strong> <em> Juniperus myurus </em> </strong> Beissn. (1891); <strong> <em> Juniperus phoenicea </em> </strong> var. <strong> prostrata </strong> Willk. (1893); <strong> <em> Sabinella phoenicea </em> </strong> (L.) Nakai (1938); <strong> <em> Juniperus phoenicea </em> </strong> subsp. <strong> eumediterranea </strong> P. Lebreton & Thivend (1981); <strong> <em> Juniperus turbinata </em> </strong> subsp. <strong> canariensis </strong> (Guyot & Manthou) Rivas Mart.,Wildpred & P. Pérez (1993).</p> <p> </p> <p><a href="https://www.monaconatureencyclopedia.com/category/biodiversita-piante/cupressaceae/">→ Per apprezzare la biodiversità all’interno della famiglia delle CUPRESSACEAE cliccare qui.</a></p> <div class="hatom-extra" style="display:none !important;visibility:hidden;"><span class="entry-title"><i>Juniperus phoenicea</i></span> was last modified: <span class="updated"> Aprile 29th, 2020</span> by <span class="author vcard"><span class="fn">Giuseppe Mazza</span></span></div></body></html> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="clear-footer"></div> <footer id="footer-section" class="penci-footer-social-media penci-lazy footer-social-remove-circle"> <div class="container"> <div class="footer-logo-copyright footer-not-logo footer-not-gotop"> <div id="footer-copyright"> <p>© MONACO NATURE ENCYCLOPEDIA | <a href="/copyright/?lang=en">All rights reserved</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-go-to-top-floating"><i class="fa fa-angle-up"></i></div> </div> </footer> </div> <div id="fb-root"></div> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.monaconatureencyclopedia.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.min.js?ver=1.13.1' id='jquery-ui-core-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.monaconatureencyclopedia.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/mouse.min.js?ver=1.13.1' id='jquery-ui-mouse-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.monaconatureencyclopedia.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/slider.min.js?ver=1.13.1' id='jquery-ui-slider-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.monaconatureencyclopedia.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/sortable.min.js?ver=1.13.1' id='jquery-ui-sortable-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.monaconatureencyclopedia.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/effect.min.js?ver=1.13.1' id='jquery-effects-core-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.monaconatureencyclopedia.com/wp-content/themes/soledad/js/libs-script.min.js?ver=4.0.2' id='penci-libs-js-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.monaconatureencyclopedia.com/wp-content/themes/soledad/js/smoothscroll.js?ver=1.0' id='penci-smoothscroll-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.monaconatureencyclopedia.com/wp-content/themes/soledad/js/main.js?ver=4.0.2' id='main-scripts-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' id='penci_ajax_like_post-js-extra'> /* <![CDATA[ */ var ajax_var = {"url":"https:\/\/www.monaconatureencyclopedia.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"b5c9e3b108"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.monaconatureencyclopedia.com/wp-content/themes/soledad/js/post-like.js?ver=4.0.2' id='penci_ajax_like_post-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.monaconatureencyclopedia.com/wp-includes/js/comment-reply.min.js?ver=5.9.10' id='comment-reply-js'></script> <script></script> </body> </html>