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Ponziho schéma – Wikipedie

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class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Obsah" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Obsah</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(úvod)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Analogie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Analogie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Analogie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Analogie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Odkazy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Odkazy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Odkazy</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Související_články" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Související_články"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Související články</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Související_články-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externí_odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externí_odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Externí odkazy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externí_odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Přepnout obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Přepnout obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ponziho schéma</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Přejděte k článku v jiném jazyce. Je dostupný v 57 jazycích" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 jazyků</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponzi-skema" title="Ponzi-skema – afrikánština" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ponzi-skema" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A" title="سلسلة بونزي – arabština" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سلسلة بونزي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B9_%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%89" title="مشروع پونزى – arabština (egyptská)" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مشروع پونزى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabština (egyptská)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maliyy%C9%99_piramidas%C4%B1" title="Maliyyə piramidası – ázerbájdžánština" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Maliyyə piramidası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ázerbájdžánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Схема на Понци – bulharština" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Схема на Понци" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE" title="পনজি স্কিম – bengálština" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পনজি স্কিম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_Ponzi" title="Sistema de Ponzi – katalánština" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sistema de Ponzi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponzisvindel" title="Ponzisvindel – dánština" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ponzisvindel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%87%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CE%A0%CF%8C%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B9" title="Σχήμα Πόντσι – řečtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σχήμα Πόντσι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="řečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponzi_scheme" title="Ponzi scheme – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ponzi scheme" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skemo_Ponzi" title="Skemo Ponzi – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Skemo Ponzi" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esquema_Ponzi" title="Esquema Ponzi – španělština" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Esquema Ponzi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španělština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%86%D8%AF_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="ترفند پانزی – perština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ترفند پانزی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponzi-huijaus" title="Ponzi-huijaus – finština" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ponzi-huijaus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_de_Ponzi" title="Système de Ponzi – francouzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Système de Ponzi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francouzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponzifraude" title="Ponzifraude – fríština (západní)" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ponzifraude" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="fríština (západní)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esquema_Ponzi" title="Esquema Ponzi – galicijština" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Esquema Ponzi" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%AA_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%96%D7%99" title="הונאת פונזי – hebrejština" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הונאת פונזי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponzijeva_shema" title="Ponzijeva shema – chorvatština" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ponzijeva shema" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponzi-rendszer" title="Ponzi-rendszer – maďarština" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ponzi-rendszer" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A3" title="Ֆինանսական բուրգ – arménština" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆինանսական բուրգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skema_Ponzi" title="Skema Ponzi – indonéština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Skema Ponzi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonéština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schema_Ponzi" title="Schema Ponzi – italština" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Schema Ponzi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0" title="ポンジ・スキーム – japonština" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポンジ・スキーム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="პონცის სქემა – gruzínština" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პონცის სქემა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%B0%EC%A7%80_%EC%82%AC%EA%B8%B0" title="폰지 사기 – korejština" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="폰지 사기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponci_sh%C4%93ma" title="Ponci shēma – lotyština" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ponci shēma" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lotyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Пирамидална измама – makedonština" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пирамидална измама" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skim_Ponzi" title="Skim Ponzi – malajština" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Skim Ponzi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%85%E1%80%94%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="ပွန်ဇီစနစ် – barmština" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပွန်ဇီစနစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="barmština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponzifraude" title="Ponzifraude – nizozemština" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ponzifraude" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponzi-svindel" title="Ponzi-svindel – norština (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ponzi-svindel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norština (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AE" title="ਪੋਂਜ਼ੀ ਸਕੀਮ – paňdžábština" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੋਂਜ਼ੀ ਸਕੀਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="paňdžábština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piramida_finansowa" title="Piramida finansowa – polština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Piramida finansowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85" title="پونزی اسکیم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پونزی اسکیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esquema_Ponzi" title="Esquema Ponzi – portugalština" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Esquema Ponzi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schem%C4%83_Ponzi" title="Schemă Ponzi – rumunština" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Schemă Ponzi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD#Финансовая_пирамида_Понци" title="Международный ответный купон – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Международный ответный купон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poncijeva_%C5%A1ema" title="Poncijeva šema – srbochorvatština" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Poncijeva šema" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponzi_scheme" title="Ponzi scheme – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ponzi scheme" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponziho_sch%C3%A9ma" title="Ponziho schéma – slovenština" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ponziho schéma" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponzijeva_shema" title="Ponzijeva shema – slovinština" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ponzijeva shema" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skema_Ponzi" title="Skema Ponzi – albánština" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Skema Ponzi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Понцијева превара – srbština" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Понцијева превара" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponzibedr%C3%A4geri" title="Ponzibedrägeri – švédština" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ponzibedrägeri" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88" title="பொன்சி முறைமை – tamilština" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பொன்சி முறைமை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B2%D3%A3" title="Пирамидаи молиявӣ – tádžičtina" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Пирамидаи молиявӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tádžičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%89%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5" title="การฉ้อฉลแบบพอนซี – thajština" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การฉ้อฉลแบบพอนซี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponzi_%C5%9Femas%C4%B1" title="Ponzi şeması – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ponzi şeması" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Фінансова піраміда – ukrajinština" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фінансова піраміда" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85" title="پونزی اسکیم – urdština" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پونزی اسکیم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moliyaviy_piramida" title="Moliyaviy piramida – uzbečtina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Moliyaviy piramida" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B4_h%C3%ACnh_Ponzi" title="Mô hình Ponzi – vietnamština" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mô hình Ponzi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iskima_Ponzi" title="Iskima Ponzi – warajština" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Iskima Ponzi" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%81%E9%BC%A0%E4%BC%9A" title="老鼠会 – čínština (dialekty Wu)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="老鼠会" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Wu)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BE%90%E6%B0%8F%E9%A8%99%E5%B1%80" title="龐氏騙局 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="龐氏騙局" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BE%90%E6%B0%8F%E9%A8%99%E5%B1%80" title="龐氏騙局 – kantonština" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="龐氏騙局" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q219407#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editovat mezijazykové odkazy" class="wbc-editpage">Upravit odkazy</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Jmenné prostory"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ponziho_sch%C3%A9ma" title="Zobrazit obsahovou stránku [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Článek</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskuse:Ponziho_sch%C3%A9ma&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskuse ke stránce (stránka neexistuje) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskuse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Změnit variantu jazyka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">čeština</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Zobrazení"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ponziho_sch%C3%A9ma"><span>Číst</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ponziho_sch%C3%A9ma&amp;veaction=edit" title="Editovat tuto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editovat</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ponziho_sch%C3%A9ma&amp;action=edit" title="Editovat zdrojový kód této stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editovat zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ponziho_sch%C3%A9ma&amp;action=history" title="Starší verze této stránky. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Zobrazit historii</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje ke stránce"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Nástroje" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Nástroje</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nástroje</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Další možnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Akce </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ponziho_sch%C3%A9ma"><span>Číst</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ponziho_sch%C3%A9ma&amp;veaction=edit" title="Editovat tuto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editovat</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ponziho_sch%C3%A9ma&amp;action=edit" title="Editovat zdrojový kód této stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editovat zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ponziho_sch%C3%A9ma&amp;action=history"><span>Zobrazit historii</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Obecné </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Co_odkazuje_na/Ponziho_sch%C3%A9ma" title="Seznam všech wikistránek, které sem odkazují [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Odkazuje sem</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Souvisej%C3%ADc%C3%AD_zm%C4%9Bny/Ponziho_sch%C3%A9ma" rel="nofollow" title="Nedávné změny stránek, na které je odkazováno [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Související změny</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=cs" title="Nahrát obrázky či jiná multimédia [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Načíst soubor</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_str%C3%A1nky" title="Seznam všech speciálních stránek [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Speciální stránky</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ponziho_sch%C3%A9ma&amp;oldid=23531201" title="Trvalý odkaz na současnou verzi této stránky"><span>Trvalý odkaz</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ponziho_sch%C3%A9ma&amp;action=info" title="Více informací o této stránce"><span>Informace o stránce</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Citovat&amp;page=Ponziho_sch%C3%A9ma&amp;id=23531201&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informace o tom, jak citovat tuto stránku"><span>Citovat stránku</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPonziho_sch%25C3%25A9ma"><span>Získat zkrácené URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPonziho_sch%25C3%25A9ma"><span>Stáhnout QR kód</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tisk/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Kniha&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Ponziho+sch%C3%A9ma"><span>Vytvořit knihu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Ponziho_sch%C3%A9ma&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Stáhnout jako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ponziho_sch%C3%A9ma&amp;printable=yes" title="Tato stránka v podobě vhodné k tisku [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Verze k tisku</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Na jiných projektech </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pyramid_and_Ponzi_schemes" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q219407" title="Odkaz na propojenou položku datového úložiště [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Položka Wikidat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje ke stránce"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Vzhled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Vzhled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedie, otevřené encyklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cs" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Ponzi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Ponzi.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="289" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="289" /></a><figcaption>1910 Policejní snímek <a href="/wiki/Charles_Ponzi" title="Charles Ponzi">Charlese Ponziho</a> z roku 1910, podle kterého nese schéma své pojmenování</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Ponziho schéma</b> označuje podvodné investiční operace, kde <a href="/wiki/Investor" title="Investor">investoři</a> svěřují provozovateli <a href="/wiki/Investi%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_fond" title="Investiční fond">fondu</a> <a href="/wiki/Pen%C3%ADze" title="Peníze">peníze</a> za účelem jejich <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Arok" title="Úrok">zúročení</a>, avšak provozovatel tyto peníze dále <a href="/wiki/Investice" title="Investice">neinvestuje</a>, a namísto toho pouze vyplácí prostředky fondu jen některým investorům. A to většinou těm, kteří investovali dříve. Tento systém může omezeně fungovat, dokud přicházejí noví investoři a prostředky se dají vyplácet ostatním. Když už ve fondu nezbudou žádné peníze na vyplácení, fond zkrachuje a vyplaceni tak jsou jen někteří investoři, zatímco ostatní nedostanou nic. Schéma je pojmenováno podle <a href="/wiki/Charles_Ponzi" title="Charles Ponzi">Charlese Ponziho</a>. </p><p>Ponziho schéma bývá často chybně používáno jako synonymum k <a href="/wiki/Pyramidov%C3%A9_sch%C3%A9ma" title="Pyramidové schéma">pyramidové hře</a>, ve skutečnosti je ale maximálně její zvláštní variantou, pokud je vůbec pod tento pojem zahrnováno. Hlavním rozdílem mezi Ponziho schématem a klasickou pyramidovou hrou je, že v pyramidové hře členové musejí hledat nové členy a mají pak provize z jejich vkladu. V Ponziho schématu se o hledání nových investorů stará provozovatel fondu a ten také sám určuje, komu vyplatí peníze. I <a href="/wiki/Spekulativn%C3%AD_bublina" class="mw-redirect" title="Spekulativní bublina">spekulativní bublina</a> je jistou formou Ponziho schématu. </p><p>Organizátorem jednoho z největších takovýchto schémat v historii byl americký podnikatel <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Madoff" title="Bernard Madoff">Bernard Madoff</a>, jenž byl za svoji činnost v roce <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a> odsouzen na 150 let do vězení. V Česku podvodně podnikala na principu Ponziho schématu v 90.&#160;letech například brněnská společnost <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sorrena_Invest&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sorrena Invest (stránka neexistuje)">Sorrena Invest</a>, jejíž většinový majitel Jiří Kubiš byl v roce <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a> odsouzen k 12&#160;letům vězení.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Analogie">Analogie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ponziho_sch%C3%A9ma&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Editace sekce: Analogie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ponziho_sch%C3%A9ma&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Analogie"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Moderní hodnocení vědy se provádí podle ukazatelů jako je <a href="/wiki/Impakt_faktor" title="Impakt faktor">impakt faktor</a> (odvozených původně z ekonomických důvodů). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jorge_E._Hirsch&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jorge E. Hirsch (stránka neexistuje)">Jorge E. Hirsch</a> (viz také <a href="/wiki/Hirsch%C5%AFv_index" title="Hirschův index">Hirschův index</a>) se na příkladu <a href="/wiki/Supravodivost" title="Supravodivost">BCS teorie</a> domnívá, že i ve vědě existuje vliv na teorie pracující jako Ponziho schéma.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Odkazy">Odkazy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ponziho_sch%C3%A9ma&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Editace sekce: Odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ponziho_sch%C3%A9ma&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reference">Reference</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ponziho_sch%C3%A9ma&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Editace sekce: Reference" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ponziho_sch%C3%A9ma&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Reference"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">KNÖTIG, Petr. Za podvody ve výši 140 miliónů na 12 let do vězení. <i><a href="/wiki/Novinky.cz" title="Novinky.cz">Novinky.cz</a></i> [online]. Borgis, 2006-01-27 [cit. 2022-08-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.novinky.cz/krimi/clanek/za-podvody-ve-vysi-140-milionu-na-12-let-do-vezeni-40112387">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&amp;rft.jtitle=Novinky.cz&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.novinky.cz%2Fkrimi%2Fclanek%2Fza-podvody-ve-vysi-140-milionu-na-12-let-do-vezeni-40112387&amp;rft.atitle=Za+podvody+ve+v%C3%BD%C5%A1i+140+mili%C3%B3n%C5%AF+na+12+let+do+v%C4%9Bzen%C3%AD&amp;rft.date=2006-01-27&amp;rft.aulast=Kn%C3%B6tig&amp;rft.aufirst=Petr&amp;rft.pub=Borgis"><span style="display:none">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">HIRSCH, J. E. BCS theory of superconductivity: it is time to question its validity. <i>jorge.physics.ucsd.edu</i> [online]. Katedra fyziky <a href="/wiki/Kalifornsk%C3%A1_univerzita" title="Kalifornská univerzita">Kalifornské univerzity</a> <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a> [cit. 2022-08-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jorge.physics.ucsd.edu/abstracts/bcs.pdf">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&amp;rft.jtitle=jorge.physics.ucsd.edu&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjorge.physics.ucsd.edu%2Fabstracts%2Fbcs.pdf&amp;rft.atitle=BCS+theory+of+superconductivity%3A+it+is+time+to+question+its+validity&amp;rft.aulast=Hirsch&amp;rft.aufirst=J.+E.&amp;rft.pub=Katedra+fyziky+%5B%5BKalifornsk%C3%A1+univerzita%7CKalifornsk%C3%A9+univerzity%5D%5D+%5B%5BSan+Diego%5D%5D"><span style="display:none">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Související_články"><span id="Souvisej.C3.ADc.C3.AD_.C4.8Dl.C3.A1nky"></span>Související články</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ponziho_sch%C3%A9ma&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Editace sekce: Související články" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ponziho_sch%C3%A9ma&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Související články"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HYIP" title="HYIP">HYIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%AD%C5%A5ov%C3%BD_marketing" class="mw-redirect" title="Síťový marketing">Síťový marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spekulace_(burza)" title="Spekulace (burza)">Spekulace</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Externí_odkazy"><span id="Extern.C3.AD_odkazy"></span>Externí odkazy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ponziho_sch%C3%A9ma&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Editace sekce: Externí odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ponziho_sch%C3%A9ma&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Externí odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="wd"><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-commons"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Logo Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text">Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu <span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pyramid_and_Ponzi_schemes" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Pyramid and Ponzi schemes">ponziho schéma</a></span> na <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></span></span><i> </i></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23078045">.mw-parser-output .navbox2{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox2 .navbox2{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox2+.navbox2{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output th.navbox2-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox2,.mw-parser-output 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