CINXE.COM
<!DOCTYPE html> <html dir="ltr" lang="en-us" xml:lang="en-us" class="root pagelayout-incourse" data-themeoptions=" blocksadvancedoptions logoadvancedoptions"> <head> <title></title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="//ieee-elearning.org/pluginfile.php/1/theme_nebula/favicon/1732008281/ieee.ico"/> <style> </style> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta name="keywords" content="Totara, " /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://ieee-elearning.org/theme/yui_combo.php?rollup/3.17.2/yui-moodlesimple-min.css" /><script id="firstthemesheet" type="text/css">/** Required in order to fix style inclusion problems in IE with YUI **/</script><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://ieee-elearning.org/theme/styles.php/_s/nebula/1732008281/all/chunk0" /> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ var M = {}; M.yui = {}; M.pageloadstarttime = new Date(); M.cfg = {"wwwroot":"https:\/\/ieee-elearning.org","sesskey":"RAcsPA7swS","loadingicon":"https:\/\/ieee-elearning.org\/theme\/image.php\/_s\/nebula\/core\/1732008281\/i\/loading_small","themerev":"1732008281","slasharguments":1,"theme":"nebula","jsrev":"1732008281","admin":"admin","svgicons":false,"usertimezone":"America\/New_York","contextid":737,"pageurl":""};var yui1ConfigFn = function(me) {if(/-skin|reset|fonts|grids|base/.test(me.name)){me.type='css';me.path=me.path.replace(/\.js/,'.css');me.path=me.path.replace(/\/yui2-skin/,'/assets/skins/sam/yui2-skin')}}; var yui2ConfigFn = function(me) {var parts=me.name.replace(/^moodle-/,'').split('-'),component=parts.shift(),module=parts[0],min='-min';if(/-(skin|core)$/.test(me.name)){parts.pop();me.type='css';min=''} if(module){var filename=parts.join('-');me.path=component+'/'+module+'/'+filename+min+'.'+me.type}else{me.path=component+'/'+component+'.'+me.type}}; YUI_config = {"debug":false,"base":"https:\/\/ieee-elearning.org\/lib\/yuilib\/3.17.2\/","comboBase":"https:\/\/ieee-elearning.org\/theme\/yui_combo.php?","combine":true,"filter":null,"insertBefore":"firstthemesheet","groups":{"yui2":{"base":"https:\/\/ieee-elearning.org\/lib\/yuilib\/2in3\/2.9.0\/build\/","comboBase":"https:\/\/ieee-elearning.org\/theme\/yui_combo.php?","combine":true,"ext":false,"root":"2in3\/2.9.0\/build\/","patterns":{"yui2-":{"group":"yui2","configFn":yui1ConfigFn}}},"moodle":{"name":"moodle","base":"https:\/\/ieee-elearning.org\/theme\/yui_combo.php?m\/1732008281\/","combine":true,"comboBase":"https:\/\/ieee-elearning.org\/theme\/yui_combo.php?","ext":false,"root":"m\/1732008281\/","patterns":{"moodle-":{"group":"moodle","configFn":yui2ConfigFn}},"filter":null,"modules":{"moodle-core-event":{"requires":["event-custom"]},"moodle-core-formchangechecker":{"requires":["base","event-focus","moodle-core-event"]},"moodle-core-handlebars":{"condition":{"trigger":"handlebars","when":"after"}},"moodle-core-blocks":{"requires":["base","node","io","dom","dd","dd-scroll","moodle-core-dragdrop","moodle-core-notification"]},"moodle-core-dragdrop":{"requires":["base","node","io","dom","dd","event-key","event-focus","moodle-core-notification"]},"moodle-core-chooserdialogue":{"requires":["base","panel","moodle-core-notification"]},"moodle-core-popuphelp":{"requires":["moodle-core-tooltip"]},"moodle-core-notification":{"requires":["moodle-core-notification-dialogue","moodle-core-notification-alert","moodle-core-notification-confirm","moodle-core-notification-exception","moodle-core-notification-ajaxexception"]},"moodle-core-notification-dialogue":{"requires":["base","node","panel","escape","event-key","dd-plugin","moodle-core-widget-focusafterclose","moodle-core-lockscroll"]},"moodle-core-notification-alert":{"requires":["moodle-core-notification-dialogue"]},"moodle-core-notification-confirm":{"requires":["moodle-core-notification-dialogue"]},"moodle-core-notification-exception":{"requires":["moodle-core-notification-dialogue"]},"moodle-core-notification-ajaxexception":{"requires":["moodle-core-notification-dialogue"]},"moodle-core-dock":{"requires":["base","node","event-custom","event-mouseenter","event-resize","escape","moodle-core-dock-loader","moodle-core-event"]},"moodle-core-dock-loader":{"requires":["escape"]},"moodle-core-maintenancemodetimer":{"requires":["base","node"]},"moodle-core-tooltip":{"requires":["base","node","io-base","moodle-core-notification-dialogue","json-parse","widget-position","widget-position-align","event-outside","cache-base"]},"moodle-core-checknet":{"requires":["base-base","moodle-core-notification-alert","io-base"]},"moodle-core-lockscroll":{"requires":["plugin","base-build"]},"moodle-core-jquerybehat":{"requires":[]},"moodle-core-formautosubmit":{"requires":["base","event-key"]},"moodle-core-actionmenu":{"requires":["base","event","node-event-simulate"]},"moodle-core-languninstallconfirm":{"requires":["base","node","moodle-core-notification-confirm","moodle-core-notification-alert"]},"moodle-core-jqueryajaxhandler":{"requires":["base"]},"moodle-core_availability-form":{"requires":["base","node","event","event-delegate","panel","moodle-core-notification-dialogue","json"]},"moodle-backup-backupselectall":{"requires":["node","event","node-event-simulate","anim"]},"moodle-backup-confirmcancel":{"requires":["node","node-event-simulate","moodle-core-notification-confirm"]},"moodle-course-util":{"requires":["node"],"use":["moodle-course-util-base"],"submodules":{"moodle-course-util-base":{},"moodle-course-util-section":{"requires":["node","moodle-course-util-base"]},"moodle-course-util-cm":{"requires":["node","moodle-course-util-base"]}}},"moodle-course-management":{"requires":["base","node","io-base","moodle-core-notification-exception","json-parse","dd-constrain","dd-proxy","dd-drop","dd-delegate","node-event-delegate"]},"moodle-course-categoryexpander":{"requires":["node","event-key"]},"moodle-course-toolboxes":{"requires":["node","base","event-key","node","io","moodle-course-coursebase","moodle-course-util"]},"moodle-course-formatchooser":{"requires":["base","node","node-event-simulate"]},"moodle-course-dragdrop":{"requires":["base","node","io","dom","dd","dd-scroll","moodle-core-dragdrop","moodle-core-notification","moodle-course-coursebase","moodle-course-util"]},"moodle-course-modchooser":{"requires":["moodle-core-chooserdialogue","moodle-course-coursebase"]},"moodle-form-showadvanced":{"requires":["node","base","selector-css3"]},"moodle-form-passwordunmask":{"requires":[]},"moodle-form-dateselector":{"requires":["base","node","overlay","calendar"]},"moodle-form-shortforms":{"requires":["node","base","selector-css3","moodle-core-event"]},"moodle-question-chooser":{"requires":["moodle-core-chooserdialogue"]},"moodle-question-qbankmanager":{"requires":["node","selector-css3"]},"moodle-question-preview":{"requires":["base","dom","event-delegate","event-key","core_question_engine"]},"moodle-question-searchform":{"requires":["base","node"]},"moodle-availability_audience-form":{"requires":["base","node","event","moodle-core_availability-form"]},"moodle-availability_completion-form":{"requires":["base","node","event","moodle-core_availability-form"]},"moodle-availability_date-form":{"requires":["base","node","event","io","moodle-core_availability-form"]},"moodle-availability_grade-form":{"requires":["base","node","event","moodle-core_availability-form"]},"moodle-availability_group-form":{"requires":["base","node","event","moodle-core_availability-form"]},"moodle-availability_grouping-form":{"requires":["base","node","event","moodle-core_availability-form"]},"moodle-availability_hierarchy_organisation-form":{"requires":["base","node","event","moodle-core_availability-form"]},"moodle-availability_hierarchy_position-form":{"requires":["base","node","event","moodle-core_availability-form"]},"moodle-availability_language-form":{"requires":["base","node","event","moodle-core_availability-form"]},"moodle-availability_profile-form":{"requires":["base","node","event","moodle-core_availability-form"]},"moodle-availability_seminarbooking-form":{"requires":["base","node","event","moodle-core_availability-form"]},"moodle-availability_time_since_completion-form":{"requires":["base","node","event","moodle-core_availability-form"]},"moodle-qtype_ddimageortext-dd":{"requires":["node","dd","dd-drop","dd-constrain"]},"moodle-qtype_ddimageortext-form":{"requires":["moodle-qtype_ddimageortext-dd","form_filepicker"]},"moodle-qtype_ddmarker-dd":{"requires":["node","event-resize","dd","dd-drop","dd-constrain","graphics"]},"moodle-qtype_ddmarker-form":{"requires":["moodle-qtype_ddmarker-dd","form_filepicker","graphics","escape"]},"moodle-qtype_ddwtos-dd":{"requires":["node","dd","dd-drop","dd-constrain"]},"moodle-mod_assign-history":{"requires":["node","transition"]},"moodle-mod_attendance-groupfilter":{"requires":["base","node"]},"moodle-mod_checklist-linkselect":{"requires":["node","event-valuechange"]},"moodle-mod_facetoface-signupform":{"requires":["base","node","io-base","moodle-core-notification-dialogue","moodle-core-notification-alert"]},"moodle-mod_forum-subscriptiontoggle":{"requires":["base-base","io-base"]},"moodle-mod_quiz-util":{"requires":["node","moodle-core-actionmenu"],"use":["moodle-mod_quiz-util-base"],"submodules":{"moodle-mod_quiz-util-base":{},"moodle-mod_quiz-util-slot":{"requires":["node","moodle-mod_quiz-util-base"]},"moodle-mod_quiz-util-page":{"requires":["node","moodle-mod_quiz-util-base"]}}},"moodle-mod_quiz-autosave":{"requires":["base","node","event","event-valuechange","node-event-delegate","io-form"]},"moodle-mod_quiz-toolboxes":{"requires":["base","node","event","event-key","io","moodle-mod_quiz-quizbase","moodle-mod_quiz-util-slot","moodle-core-notification-ajaxexception"]},"moodle-mod_quiz-repaginate":{"requires":["base","event","node","io","moodle-core-notification-dialogue"]},"moodle-mod_quiz-questionchooser":{"requires":["moodle-core-chooserdialogue","moodle-mod_quiz-util","querystring-parse"]},"moodle-mod_quiz-quizquestionbank":{"requires":["base","event","node","io","io-form","yui-later","moodle-question-qbankmanager","moodle-core-notification-dialogue"]},"moodle-mod_quiz-dragdrop":{"requires":["base","node","io","dom","dd","dd-scroll","moodle-core-dragdrop","moodle-core-notification","moodle-mod_quiz-quizbase","moodle-mod_quiz-util-base","moodle-mod_quiz-util-page","moodle-mod_quiz-util-slot","moodle-course-util"]},"moodle-mod_quiz-quizbase":{"requires":["base","node"]},"moodle-mod_quiz-randomquestion":{"requires":["base","event","node","io","moodle-core-notification-dialogue"]},"moodle-mod_quiz-modform":{"requires":["base","node","event"]},"moodle-message_airnotifier-toolboxes":{"requires":["base","node","io"]},"moodle-filter_glossary-autolinker":{"requires":["base","node","io-base","json-parse","event-delegate","overlay","moodle-core-event","moodle-core-notification-alert","moodle-core-notification-exception","moodle-core-notification-ajaxexception"]},"moodle-filter_mathjaxloader-loader":{"requires":["moodle-core-event"]},"moodle-editor_atto-rangy":{"requires":[]},"moodle-editor_atto-editor":{"requires":["node","transition","io","overlay","escape","event","event-simulate","event-custom","node-event-html5","node-event-simulate","yui-throttle","moodle-core-notification-dialogue","moodle-core-notification-confirm","moodle-editor_atto-rangy","handlebars","timers","querystring-stringify"]},"moodle-editor_atto-plugin":{"requires":["node","base","escape","event","event-outside","handlebars","event-custom","timers","moodle-editor_atto-menu"]},"moodle-editor_atto-menu":{"requires":["moodle-core-notification-dialogue","node","event","event-custom"]},"moodle-format_grid-gridkeys":{"requires":["event-nav-keys"]},"moodle-format_socialwall-postform":{"requires":["base","node","io-form","moodle-core-notification-confirm"]},"moodle-format_socialwall-addactivity":{"requires":["base","node","io","moodle-core-notification-dialogue"]},"moodle-report_eventlist-eventfilter":{"requires":["base","event","node","node-event-delegate","datatable","autocomplete","autocomplete-filters"]},"moodle-report_loglive-fetchlogs":{"requires":["base","event","node","io","node-event-delegate"]},"moodle-gradereport_grader-gradereporttable":{"requires":["base","node","event","handlebars","overlay","event-hover"]},"moodle-gradereport_history-userselector":{"requires":["escape","event-delegate","event-key","handlebars","io-base","json-parse","moodle-core-notification-dialogue"]},"moodle-totara_program-categoryexpander":{"requires":["node","event-key"]},"moodle-totara_reportbuilder-graphicalreporting":{"requires":[]},"moodle-tool_capability-search":{"requires":["base","node"]},"moodle-tool_monitor-dropdown":{"requires":["base","event","node"]},"moodle-assignfeedback_editpdf-editor":{"requires":["base","event","node","io","graphics","json","event-move","event-resize","transition","querystring-stringify-simple","moodle-core-notification-dialog","moodle-core-notification-exception","moodle-core-notification-ajaxexception"]},"moodle-atto_accessibilitychecker-button":{"requires":["color-base","moodle-editor_atto-plugin"]},"moodle-atto_accessibilityhelper-button":{"requires":["moodle-editor_atto-plugin"]},"moodle-atto_align-button":{"requires":["moodle-editor_atto-plugin"]},"moodle-atto_bold-button":{"requires":["moodle-editor_atto-plugin"]},"moodle-atto_charmap-button":{"requires":["moodle-editor_atto-plugin"]},"moodle-atto_clear-button":{"requires":["moodle-editor_atto-plugin"]},"moodle-atto_collapse-button":{"requires":["moodle-editor_atto-plugin"]},"moodle-atto_emoticon-button":{"requires":["moodle-editor_atto-plugin"]},"moodle-atto_equation-button":{"requires":["moodle-editor_atto-plugin","moodle-core-event","io","event-valuechange","tabview","array-extras"]},"moodle-atto_fullscreen-button":{"requires":["event-resize","moodle-editor_atto-plugin"]},"moodle-atto_html-button":{"requires":["moodle-editor_atto-plugin","event-valuechange"]},"moodle-atto_image-button":{"requires":["moodle-editor_atto-plugin"]},"moodle-atto_indent-button":{"requires":["moodle-editor_atto-plugin"]},"moodle-atto_italic-button":{"requires":["moodle-editor_atto-plugin"]},"moodle-atto_justify-button":{"requires":["moodle-editor_atto-plugin"]},"moodle-atto_link-button":{"requires":["moodle-editor_atto-plugin"]},"moodle-atto_managefiles-button":{"requires":["moodle-editor_atto-plugin"]},"moodle-atto_managefiles-usedfiles":{"requires":["node","escape"]},"moodle-atto_media-button":{"requires":["moodle-editor_atto-plugin","moodle-form-shortforms"]},"moodle-atto_multilang2-button":{"requires":["moodle-editor_atto-plugin"]},"moodle-atto_noautolink-button":{"requires":["moodle-editor_atto-plugin"]},"moodle-atto_orderedlist-button":{"requires":["moodle-editor_atto-plugin"]},"moodle-atto_poodll-button":{"requires":["moodle-editor_atto-plugin"]},"moodle-atto_rtl-button":{"requires":["moodle-editor_atto-plugin"]},"moodle-atto_shortlinker-button":{"requires":["moodle-editor_atto-plugin"]},"moodle-atto_strike-button":{"requires":["moodle-editor_atto-plugin"]},"moodle-atto_subscript-button":{"requires":["moodle-editor_atto-plugin"]},"moodle-atto_superscript-button":{"requires":["moodle-editor_atto-plugin"]},"moodle-atto_table-button":{"requires":["moodle-editor_atto-plugin","moodle-editor_atto-menu","event","event-valuechange"]},"moodle-atto_title-button":{"requires":["moodle-editor_atto-plugin"]},"moodle-atto_underline-button":{"requires":["moodle-editor_atto-plugin"]},"moodle-atto_undo-button":{"requires":["moodle-editor_atto-plugin"]},"moodle-atto_unorderedlist-button":{"requires":["moodle-editor_atto-plugin"]},"moodle-atto_vidgridbutton-button":{"requires":["moodle-editor_atto-plugin"]},"moodle-atto_vimeo-button":{"requires":["moodle-editor_atto-plugin"]}}},"gallery":{"name":"gallery","base":"https:\/\/ieee-elearning.org\/lib\/yuilib\/gallery\/","combine":true,"comboBase":"https:\/\/ieee-elearning.org\/theme\/yui_combo.php?","ext":false,"root":"gallery\/1732008281\/","patterns":{"gallery-":{"group":"gallery"}}}},"modules":{"core_filepicker":{"name":"core_filepicker","fullpath":"https:\/\/ieee-elearning.org\/lib\/javascript.php\/1732008281\/repository\/filepicker.js","requires":["base","node","node-event-simulate","json","async-queue","io-base","io-upload-iframe","io-form","yui2-treeview","panel","cookie","datatable","datatable-sort","resize-plugin","dd-plugin","escape","moodle-core_filepicker","moodle-core-notification-dialogue"]},"core_comment":{"name":"core_comment","fullpath":"https:\/\/ieee-elearning.org\/lib\/javascript.php\/1732008281\/comment\/comment.js","requires":["base","io-base","node","json","yui2-animation","overlay","escape"]},"core_dndupload":{"name":"core_dndupload","fullpath":"https:\/\/ieee-elearning.org\/lib\/javascript.php\/1732008281\/lib\/form\/dndupload.js","requires":["node","event","json","core_filepicker"]},"mathjax":{"name":"mathjax","fullpath":"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/mathjax@2.7.8\/MathJax.js?delayStartupUntil=configured"}}}; M.yui.loader = {modules: {}}; //]]> </script> <script src="https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/ieeeshutpages/gdpr/settings.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/cookieconsent2/3.0.3/cookieconsent.min.css" /> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/cookieconsent2/3.0.3/cookieconsent.min.js"></script> <script> window.addEventListener("load", function(){ window.cookieconsent.initialise(json) }); </script> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <script> $( document ).ready(function() { $('#report_custom_course_overview tr:has(a.dimmed)').css('display', 'none'); }); </script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <style> * { box-sizing: border-box; } .modified{ display: none !important; color: #f8f8f8 !important; } .csp-nav * { font-size: 1em !important; } /*Grey Out*/ .grey-out-card { background-color: rgb(40, 40, 40, 0.6) !important; } .grey-out-container, .grey-out-container .cfgsbsoverimage { opacity: 0.5; } .grey-out-container:hover .cfgsbsoverimage { opacity: 0.5 !important; } .cfgsbsovernullify { opacity: 1 !important; } /*End Grey Out*/ /*Custom course card*/ html { box-sizing: border-box; } *, *:before, *:after { box-sizing: inherit; } .ccoursemaxwidth { margin: auto; max-width: 968px; } .ccoursecentercard { width: 100%; margin: 0 auto; display: inline-block; text-align: center; } .ccoursecolumn { float: left; width: 33.3%; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0 8px; } @media screen and (max-width: 900px) { .ccoursecolumn { float: left; width: 50%; display: block; } } @media screen and (max-width: 480px) { .ccoursecolumn { float: left; width: 100%; display: block; } } .ccoursecard { box-shadow: 0 4px 4px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); } .ccoursecard-52DCDC { background-color: #52DCDC; } .ccoursecard-00994C{ background-color: #00994C; } .ccoursecard-831F51{ background-color: #831F51; } .ccoursecard-5C54D0{ background-color: #5C54D0; } .ccoursecard-52DCDC h3, .ccoursecard-00994C h3, .ccoursecard-831F51 h3, .ccoursecard-5C54D0 h3 { color: white; /*text-shadow: -1px -1px 0 #000, 1px -1px 0 #000, -1px 1px 0 #000, 1px 1px 0 #000;*/ } .ccoursecontainer { padding: 0 16px; } .ccourserow { width: 100%; } .ccoursecontainer::after, .ccourserow::after { content: ""; clear: both; } /*Collapsible Content*/ /*https://ieee-elearning.org/CLE/mod/page/view.php?id=1879*/ .customcollapsiblebtn, .customcollapsiblebtn:visited, .customcollapsiblebtn:focus, .activecollapsible, .customcollapsiblebtn:hover{ background-color: #f8f8f8 !important; /*border: none;*/ color: #005580 !important; font-weight:400; line-height:1.1; padding: 10px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; display: inline-block; font-size: 32px; vertical-align: middle; cursor: pointer; white-space: normal; -webkit-box-shadow: none; -moz-box-shadow: none; box-shadow: none; /*margin: 1px 0px;*/ width: 50%; } .customcollapsiblebtn:active{ background-color: #f8f8f8 !important; border: none; color: #005580 !important; font-weight:400; line-height:1.1; padding: 10px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; display: inline-block; font-size: 32px; vertical-align: middle; cursor: pointer; white-space: normal; -webkit-box-shadow: none; -moz-box-shadow: none; box-shadow: none; transform: translateY(0px) !important; width: 50%; } .csp-collapsible-btn-small, .csp-collapsible-btn-small:visited, .csp-collapsible-btn-small:focus, .csp-collapsible-active-small, .csp-collapsible-btn-small:hover{ background-color: #f8f8f8 !important; color: #005580 !important; font-weight:600; line-height:1.2; padding: 10px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; display: inline-block; font-size: 1.1em; vertical-align: middle; cursor: pointer; white-space: normal; -webkit-box-shadow: none; -moz-box-shadow: none; box-shadow: none; width: 100%; max-width: 920px; } .csp-collapsible-btn-small:active{ background-color: #f8f8f8 !important; border: none; color: #005580 !important; font-weight:600; line-height:1.2; padding: 10px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; display: inline-block; font-size: 1.1em; vertical-align: middle; cursor: pointer; white-space: normal; -webkit-box-shadow: none; -moz-box-shadow: none; box-shadow: none; transform: translateY(0px) !important; width: 100%; max-width: 920px; } .customcollapsiblecontent { padding: 0 20px; max-height: 0; overflow: hidden; transition: max-height 0.8s ease; width: inherit; margin: 0 auto; } .csp-collapsible-content-small { max-height: 0; overflow: hidden; transition: max-height 0.8s ease; width: inherit; margin: 0 auto; /*border: 4px solid #F8F8F8;*/ } .csp-collapsible-content-small > p:first-child { margin-top: 12px; } .csp-collapsible-content-small > p { margin-bottom: 12px !important; } .customcollapsiblebtn:after{ font-family: FontAwesome; content: '\f107'; font-size: 30px; float: right; margin-left: 20px; } .csp-collapsible-btn-small:after{ font-family: FontAwesome; content: '\f107'; font-size: 1.2em; float: right; margin-left: 20px; } .activecollapsible:after{ font-family: FontAwesome; content: "\f106"; font-size: 30px; } .csp-collapsible-active-small:after{ font-family: FontAwesome; content: "\f106"; font-size: 1.2em; font-weight:700; } @media screen and (max-width: 1024px) { .customcollapsiblebtn, .customcollapsiblebtn:visited, .customcollapsiblebtn:focus , .activecollapsible, .customcollapsiblebtn:hover, .customcollapsiblebtn:active, .customcollapsiblecontent { width: 100%; } .csp-collapsible-btn-small, .csp-collapsible-btn-small:visited, .csp-collapsible-btn-small:focus, .activecollapsiblesmall, .csp-collapsible-btn-small:hover, .csp-collapsible-btn-small:active, .csp-collapsible-content-small { width: 100%; } } /*End Collapsible Content*/ /*Flexbox Grid Side-by-Side, 2 Columns*/ .cflexgridsbsthreecolumn { -ms-flex: 33%; flex: 33%; max-width: 33%; padding: 0 5px; } .cflexgridsbsthreecolumn img { margin-top: 10px; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; max-height: 100%; } .cflexgridsbsrow{ display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; padding: 0 8px; margin: auto; } .cflexgridsbscolumn { -ms-flex: 50%; flex: 50%; max-width: 50%; padding: 0 8px; } .cflexgridsbscolumn img { margin-top: 16px; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; max-height: 100%; } .cflexgridsbsbody { max-width: 75%; margin: auto; } @media screen and (min-width: 1200px) { .cflexgridsbsbody { max-width: 1000px; margin: auto; } } @media screen and (max-width: 1200px) { .cflexgridsbsrow{ display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; padding: 0 8px; } .cflexgridsbsthreecolumn { -ms-flex: 50%; flex: 50%; max-width: 50%; } } @media screen and (max-width: 768px) { .cflexgridsbscolumn { -ms-flex: 100%; flex: 100%; max-width: 100%; } .cflexgridsbsbody { width: 100%; max-width: 500px; margin: auto; } } /*Image Overlay for Flexbox Grid Side-by-Side, 2 Columns*/ .cfgsbsovercontainer { position: relative; width: 50% max-width:300px; box-shadow: 0 4px 4px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); } .cfgsbsoverimage{ display: block; width: 100%; max-width: 300px; max-height: 300px; height: auto; pointer-events:none; opacity: 0.75; -webkit-transition: opacity 0.8s ease; -moz-transition: opacity 0.8s ease; -ms-transition: opacity 0.8s ease; -o-transition: opacity 0.8s ease; transition: opacity 0.8s ease; } .cfgsbsover{ position: absolute; bottom: 0; left: 0; right: 0; background-color: rgb(0, 102, 153, 0.6); overflow: hidden; width: 100%; height: 25%; transition: .8s ease; } .cfgsbsovernullify { visibility: hidden !important; height: 0% !important; } .cfgsbsovercontainer:hover .cfgsbsover { height: 25%; max-width: 100%; } @media screen and (max-width: 1024px) { .cfgsbsovercontainer:hover .cfgsbsover { height: 40%; max-width: 100%; } .cfgsbsover{ position: absolute; bottom: 0; left: 0; right: 0; background-color: rgb(0, 102, 153, 0.6); overflow: hidden; width: 100%; height: 40%; -webkit-transition: opacity 0.8s ease; -moz-transition: opacity 0.8s ease; -ms-transition: opacity 0.8s ease; -o-transition: opacity 0.8s ease; transition: .8s ease; } } .cfgsbsovercontainer:hover .cfgsbsoverimage { opacity: 1; } .cfgsbsovertext{ color: white; font-size: 16px; position: absolute; top: 50%; left: 50%; -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%); -ms-transform: translate(-50%, -50%); transform: translate(-50%, -50%); text-align: center; } #util { color: #FFF; } #util a:link, #util a:visited, #util a:active { color: #FFF; text-decoration: none; } #util a:hover { color: #FFF; text-decoration: underline; } @media (max-width: 768px) { .ieeenav { display: none; visibility: hidden; } .meta-ieee-logo { position: absolute; top: 10px; right: 12px; } } @media (min-width: 768px) { .ieeenavmobile{ display: none; visibility: hidden; } } .ieeenav { position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; min-height: 0px !important; background: #000000!important; color: #000000!important; padding: 0px !important; margin: -2px 0px -14px 0px !important; z-index: 100; } #ieeenav { color: #F3F3F3!important; text-align: left !important; padding: 12px 20px !important; } #ieeenav a:link, #ieeenav a:visited, #ieeenav a:active { color: #FFFFFF!important; text-decoration: none !important; } #ieeenav a:hover { color: #FFFFFF!important; text-decoration: underline !important; } .meta-ieee-logo { margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px; float: right; } .ieeenavmobile { overflow: hidden; background-color: #000000; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px !important; position: relative; z-index: 95; } .ieeenavmobile a { float: left; color: white; text-align: center; padding: 12px 12px; text-decoration: none; } .ieeenavmobiledropdown { float: left; overflow: hidden; } .ieeenavmobiledropdown .ieeenavmobiledropbtn { border: none; outline: none; color: white; padding: 12px 10px; background-color: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin: 0; } .ieeenavmobiledropdown-content { display: none; background-color: #000000; min-width: 160px; box-shadow: 0px 8px 16px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); position: absolute; z-index: 100; } .ieeenavmobiledropdown-content a { float: none; color: white; padding: 12px 12px; text-decoration: none; display: block; text-align: left; } .ieeenavmobiledropdown-content a:hover { background-color: #f9f9f9; color: black; } .ieeenavmobiledropdown:hover .ieeenavmobiledropdown-content { display: block; position: relative; z-index: 95; overflow: hidden; } </style><meta name="robots" content="index" /> <script async src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id='></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', '', { 'page_title' : '', 'page_path' : '/IEEE+Center+for+Leadership+Excellence/glossary/IEEE+Glossary' }); </script> <meta name="robots" content="index" /> <link href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open Sans' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'> <link href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open Sans' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'> </head> <body id="page-mod-glossary-showentry" class="format-site path-mod path-mod-glossary ie ie7 dir-ltr lang-en_us yui-skin-sam yui3-skin-sam ieee-elearning-org pagelayout-incourse course-1 context-737 cmid-213 notloggedin nebula stickybuttonenabled has-region-side-pre empty-region-side-pre has-region-side-post empty-region-side-post has-region-pre-content empty-region-pre-content has-region-post-content empty-region-post-content has-region-post-header empty-region-post-header has-region-pre-footer empty-region-pre-footer has-region-header-a-0 used-region-header-a-0 has-region-header-b-0 used-region-header-b-0 has-region-header-c-0 empty-region-header-c-0 has-region-footer-a-0 used-region-footer-a-0"> <h1 class="sr-only sr-only-focusable">IEEE Center for Leadership Excellence</h1> <div class="skiplinks"> <a href="#maincontent" class="skip">Skip to main content</a> </div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://ieee-elearning.org/theme/yui_combo.php?rollup/3.17.2/yui-moodlesimple-min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://ieee-elearning.org/theme/jquery.php/core/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ieee-elearning.org/theme/jquery.php/core/jquery-migrate-3.0.0.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ieee-elearning.org/lib/javascript.php/1732008281/lib/javascript_polyfill/build/es6-promise.auto.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ieee-elearning.org/lib/javascript.php/1732008281/lib/javascript_polyfill/build/fetch.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ieee-elearning.org/lib/javascript.php/1732008281/lib/javascript_polyfill/build/other_ie11.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ieee-elearning.org/lib/javascript.php/1732008281/lib/javascript-static.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ document.body.className += ' jsenabled'; //]]> </script> <div class="ieeenav"> <div id="ieeenav"><a href="https://www.ieee.org/">IEEE.org</a> | <a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/home.jsp">IEEE <em>Xplore</em> Digital Library</a> | <a href="https://standards.ieee.org/">IEEE Standards</a> | <a href="https://spectrum.ieee.org/">IEEE Spectrum</a> | <a href="https://www.ieee.org/sitemap.html">More Sites</a><a href="https://www.ieee.org/"><img class="meta-ieee-logo" src="https://www.ieee.org/content/dam/ieee-global/images/ieee_mb_white.png" alt="IEEE.org" width="auto" height="20" /></a></div> </div> <div class="ieeenavmobile"> <a href="https://www.ieee.org/">IEEE.org</a> <div class="ieeenavmobiledropdown"> <button class="ieeenavmobiledropbtn">More Sites <i class="fas fa-chevron-down"></i> </button> <div class="ieeenavmobiledropdown-content"> <a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/home.jsp">IEEE <em>Xplore</em> Digital Library</a> <a href="https://standards.ieee.org/">IEEE Standards</a> <a href="https://spectrum.ieee.org/">IEEE Spectrum</a> <a href="https://www.ieee.org/sitemap.html">More Sites</a> </div> </div><a href="https://www.ieee.org/"><img class="meta-ieee-logo" src="https://www.ieee.org/content/dam/ieee-global/images/ieee_mb_white.png" alt="IEEE.org" width="auto" height="20" /></a> </div> <div class="page-wrapper"> <nav id="utility-nav" class="hidden-print moodle-has-zindex wrapper" aria-label="Utility bar"> <div class="utility-nav__logo hidden-sm-up"> <div class="logo logo-mobile"> <a class="logo-mobile__link" href="https://ieee-elearning.org/"> <img class="logo-mobile__img img-responsive" src="//ieee-elearning.org/pluginfile.php/1/theme_nebula/mobilelogo/1732008281/ieee-logo-mobile.png" /> <span class="sr-only">Home</span> </a> </div> </div> <button id="mobile-nav-toggle" class="utilityNav-mobileMenu_collapsed hidden-sm-up"data-utilityNav-Mobile-toggle="" data-utilityNav-stringID="mobiletoggle" aria-controls="utility-nav-wrapper"aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Show mobile utility menu"> <span aria-hidden="true" data-flex-icon="bars" class="flex-icon ft-fw ft fa-bars"></span> </button> <div id="utility-nav-wrapper" class="utilityNav-targetMenu_hidden utl-wrap" aria-hidden="false"> <ul class="utl-wrap__list"> <li data-utilityNav-item=""> <a href="https://ieee-elearning.org/" class="infotip-sm bottom" aria-labelledby="utility-home-label" data-utilityNav-popover-title="Home"> <span aria-hidden="true" data-flex-icon="home" class="flex-icon ft-fw ft fa-home"></span> <span id="utility-home-label" class="text hidden-sm-up" aria-hidden="true">Home</span> </a> </li> <li class="hidden-sm-down" data-utilityNav-item=""> <button class="infotip-sm bottom" role="switch" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Maximise main content region by hiding the left and right block content regions." data-utilityNav-maximiseToggle="" data-utilityNav-popover-title="Maximise Content Region"> <span aria-hidden="true" data-flex-icon="arrows-h" class="flex-icon ft-fw ft fa-arrows-h"></span> <span class="text hidden-sm-up" aria-hidden="true">Maximise Content Region</span> </button> </li> <li class="hidden-sm-up" data-utilityNav-item=""> <button class="infotip-sm bottom utl-wrap-menuToggle utilityNav-menuToggle_collapsed" data-utilityNav-dropdown="" data-utilityNav-stringID="navigation"aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="utility-mobnav" aria-label="Show mobile navigation menu"data-utilityNav-popover-title="Navigation"> <span aria-hidden="true" data-flex-icon="map-signs" class="flex-icon ft-fw ft fa-map-signs"></span> <span class="hidden-sm-up" aria-hidden="true">Navigation</span> </button> <div id="utility-mobnav" class="utility-pane utilityNav-targetMenu_hidden" data-utilityNav-dropdown-content="" aria-hidden="true"> <ul id="mobile-menu" class="mobile-menu v-list toolbar" role="menu"> <li id="totaramenuitem1" class="totara-menu-nav-item menu-totaramenuitem1 first " data-mobileMenu-item="" data-mobileMenu-topLevelItem="" > <a class="totara-menu-nav-item-link" target="" href="https://ieee-elearning.org/index.php?redirect=0" role="menuitem"> <span class="text "> Home </span> </a> </li> <li id="totaramenuitem5" class="totara-menu-nav-item menu-totaramenuitem5 haschildren " data-mobileMenu-item="" data-mobileMenu-topLevelItem="" data-mobileMenu-hasChildren=""> <a class="totara-menu-nav-item-link haschildren" target="" href="#" role="menuitem"> <span class="text haschildren"> Course Catalog </span> </a> <button class="menu-flex-icon__dropdown-mobile haschildren mobile" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" data-mobileMenu-linkText="Course Catalog" aria-label="Show submenu for Course Catalog"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-chevron-down hidden-non-touch"></span> </button> <ul class="totara-menu-nav-list v-list toolbar"> <li id="totaramenuitem13" class="totara-menu-nav-item menu-totaramenuitem13 first " data-mobileMenu-item="" > <a class="totara-menu-nav-item-link" target="" href="https://ieee-elearning.org/totara/coursecatalog/courses.php"> <span class="text "> Courses </span> </a> </li> <li id="totaramenuitem14" class="totara-menu-nav-item menu-totaramenuitem14 last " data-mobileMenu-item="" > <a class="totara-menu-nav-item-link" target="" href="https://ieee-elearning.org/totara/coursecatalog/programs.php"> <span class="text "> Programs </span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="totaramenuitem23" class="totara-menu-nav-item menu-totaramenuitem23 haschildren last " data-mobileMenu-item="" data-mobileMenu-topLevelItem="" data-mobileMenu-hasChildren=""> <a class="totara-menu-nav-item-link haschildren" target="" href="https://ieee-elearning.org/#" role="menuitem"> <span class="text haschildren"> VoLT Program </span> </a> <button class="menu-flex-icon__dropdown-mobile haschildren mobile" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" data-mobileMenu-linkText="VoLT Program " aria-label="Show submenu for VoLT Program "> <span aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-chevron-down hidden-non-touch"></span> </button> <ul class="totara-menu-nav-list v-list toolbar"> <li id="totaramenuitem31" class="totara-menu-nav-item menu-totaramenuitem31 first last " data-mobileMenu-item="" > <a class="totara-menu-nav-item-link" target="" href="https://ieee-elearning.org/totara/program/view.php?id=18"> <span class="text "> Prerequisite Courses </span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="utility-item-bordertop" data-utilityNav-item=""> <a href='https://ieee-elearning.org/login/index.php' class='link-as-button btn btn-icon'> Log in <span class='flex-icon fa fa-sign-in' aria-hidden='true'></span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> <header id='page-header' class='wrapper' aria-label="Header"> <div class='layout-container' data-width="layout-full-width" style='border-bottom: 0px none transparent; border-top: 0px none transparent; background-color: transparent; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; position: relative; z-index: initial;'> <div class="layout-container-inner" data-width="layout-fixed-width" style="background-color: transparent;"> <div class='block-region-wrapper' style='width: 25%' data-blockregion='header-a-0'> <aside id="block-region-header-a-0" class="ui-region block-region" aria-label="Block Region for Header A" data-droptarget="1" data-blockregion="header-a-0" > <div id="inst10045" class="block_lplogo block no-header transparent ui-logo ui-block" role="complementary" data-type="ui-block" data-block="lplogo" data-instanceid="10045" aria-label="Logo"> <div class="overlay-wrapper"> <div class="content block-content" data-movetext="true"> <style type='text/css'> @media screen and (min-width: 0px){#inst10045{ -ms-grid-row-align: start; }#inst10045{ -ms-grid-column-align: start; }#inst10045{ background-color: transparent; display: none; position: relative; align-self: start; justify-self: start; margin-bottom: 0; margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 0; width: 100%; z-index: 0; } } @media screen and (min-width: 768px){#inst10045{ display: -ms-inline-grid; }#inst10045{ -ms-grid-row-align: start; }#inst10045{ -ms-grid-column-align: start; }#inst10045{ background-color: transparent; display: inline-grid; position: relative; align-self: start; justify-self: start; margin-bottom: 0; margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 0; width: 100%; z-index: 0; } } @media screen and (min-width: 960px){#inst10045{ display: -ms-inline-grid; }#inst10045{ -ms-grid-row-align: start; }#inst10045{ -ms-grid-column-align: start; }#inst10045{ background-color: transparent; display: inline-grid; position: relative; align-self: start; justify-self: start; margin-bottom: 0; margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 0; width: 100%; z-index: 0; } }</style><div class="logo logo-main"> <a class="logo-main__link" href="https://ieee-elearning.org/"> <img class="logo-main__img img-responsive" src="//ieee-elearning.org/pluginfile.php/1/theme_nebula/mainlogo/1732008281/ieee-logo-main.png" /> <span class="sr-only">Home</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </aside> </div> <div class='block-region-wrapper' style='width: 75%' data-blockregion='header-b-0'> <aside id="block-region-header-b-0" class="ui-region block-region" aria-label="Block Region for Header B" data-droptarget="1" data-blockregion="header-b-0" > <div id="inst10046" class="block_lptotaramenu block no-header transparent ui-totaramenu ui-block " role="navigation" data-type="ui-block" data-block="lptotaramenu" data-instanceid="10046" aria-label="Block menu"> <div class="overlay-wrapper"> <div class="content block-content" data-movetext="true"> <style type='text/css'> @media screen and (min-width: 0px){#inst10046{ display: -ms-inline-grid; }#inst10046{ -ms-grid-row-align: start; }#inst10046{ -ms-grid-column-align: start; }#inst10046{ background-color: transparent; display: inline-grid; position: relative; align-self: start; justify-self: start; margin-bottom: 0; margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 0; width: 100%; z-index: 1; } } @media screen and (min-width: 768px){#inst10046{ display: -ms-inline-grid; }#inst10046{ -ms-grid-row-align: start; }#inst10046{ -ms-grid-column-align: start; }#inst10046{ background-color: transparent; display: inline-grid; position: relative; align-self: start; justify-self: start; margin-bottom: 0; margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 0; width: 100%; z-index: 1; } } @media screen and (min-width: 960px){#inst10046{ display: -ms-inline-grid; }#inst10046{ -ms-grid-row-align: start; }#inst10046{ -ms-grid-column-align: start; }#inst10046{ background-color: transparent; display: inline-grid; position: relative; align-self: start; justify-self: start; margin-bottom: 0; margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 0; width: 100%; z-index: 1; } }</style><nav id="totaramenu" class="totara-menu-nav overflow-enabled" aria-label="Main Menu"> <ul class="totara-main-menu iconleft 15 bespoke h-list toolbar end "> <li class="totara-menu-nav-item menu-totaramenuitem1 first"> <a class="totara-menu-nav-item-link" target="" href="https://ieee-elearning.org/index.php?redirect=0"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="menu-flex-icon placeholder"></span> <span class="text ">Home</span> </a> </li> <li class="totara-menu-nav-item menu-totaramenuitem5 haschildren"> <a class="totara-menu-nav-item-link haschildren" target="" href="#"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="menu-flex-icon placeholder"></span> <span class="text haschildren">Course Catalog</span> <span aria-hidden="true" class="menu-flex-icon__dropdown haschildren fa fa-chevron-down hidden-touch"></span> </a> <span aria-hidden="true" class="menu-flex-icon__dropdown-touch haschildren touch fa fa-chevron-down trigger hidden-non-touch" data-target=".menu-totaramenuitem5" data-group="mainmenu"></span> <ul class="totara-menu-nav-list v-list toolbar"> <li class="totara-menu-nav-item menu-totaramenuitem13 first"> <a class="totara-menu-nav-item-link" target="" href="https://ieee-elearning.org/totara/coursecatalog/courses.php"> <span class="text ">Courses</span> </a> </li> <li class="totara-menu-nav-item menu-totaramenuitem14 last"> <a class="totara-menu-nav-item-link" target="" href="https://ieee-elearning.org/totara/coursecatalog/programs.php"> <span class="text ">Programs</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="totara-menu-nav-item menu-totaramenuitem23 haschildren last"> <a class="totara-menu-nav-item-link haschildren" target="" href="https://ieee-elearning.org/#"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="menu-flex-icon placeholder"></span> <span class="text haschildren">VoLT Program </span> <span aria-hidden="true" class="menu-flex-icon__dropdown haschildren fa fa-chevron-down hidden-touch"></span> </a> <span aria-hidden="true" class="menu-flex-icon__dropdown-touch haschildren touch fa fa-chevron-down trigger hidden-non-touch" data-target=".menu-totaramenuitem23" data-group="mainmenu"></span> <ul class="totara-menu-nav-list v-list toolbar"> <li class="totara-menu-nav-item menu-totaramenuitem31 first last"> <a class="totara-menu-nav-item-link" target="" href="https://ieee-elearning.org/totara/program/view.php?id=18"> <span class="text ">Prerequisite Courses</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <div class="overflow-button"> <span aria-hidden="true" class='fa fa-bars'></span> <span aria-hidden="true" class='fa fa-times'></span> <span aria-hidden="true" class='fa fa-caret-up'></span> </div> <ul class='hidden-links hidden'></ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </aside> </div> </div> </div> <div class='layout-container' data-width="layout-full-width" style='border-bottom: 0px none transparent; border-top: 0px none transparent; background-color: #fff; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; position: relative; z-index: initial;'> <div class="layout-container-inner" data-width="layout-full-width" style="background-color: transparent;"> <div class='block-region-wrapper' style='width: 100%' data-blockregion='header-c-0'> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div id="page" class="wrapper"> <aside id="course-header" data-width="layout-fixed-width" aria-label="Course Header"></aside> <div id="page-content" class="inner full-width templateone mobile-col2"> <section id="region-main" class="full-width"> <div class="breadcrumb-button"></div> <span class="notifications" id="user-notifications"></span> <div role="main"><span tabindex="-1" id="maincontent"></span><div class="boxaligncenter"><table class="glossarypopup" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><table class="glossarypost dictionary" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="top"><td class="entry"><div class="concept"><h4>SOCIETY</h4></div> <div class="no-overflow">To serve the many and varied technical interests of its members the IEEE has within its organization specialized Societies that provide a forum for the exchange of technical information concerning particular disciplines or industries. IEEE members, including student members, may join as many Societies as serve their personal and technical interests. For a current list of IEEE Societies and their abbreviations, see the Glossary of Abbreviations.</div><p style="text-align:right">» <a href="https://ieee-elearning.org/mod/glossary/view.php?g=12">IEEE Glossary</a></p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td class="entrylowersection"></td></tr></table> </td></tr></table></div></div> </section> <button id="mobile-blocks-toggle" class="hidden-sm-up btn btn-theme" aria-hidden="true"aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="mobile-blocks-wrapper">Toggle Mobile Blocks</button> </div> <aside id="course-footer" data-width="layout-fixed-width" aria-label="Course Footer"></aside> <a href="#page-mod-glossary-showentry" class='back-to-top' data-btn="round md icon" aria-labelledby="back-to-top-title"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-up" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span id="back-to-top-title" class="sr-only">Back to top</span> </a> </div> <footer id='page-footer' class='wrapper' aria-label="Footer"> <div class='layout-container' data-width="layout-full-width" style='background-color: transparent; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; position: relative; z-index: initial;'> <div class="layout-container-inner" data-width="layout-fixed-width" style="background-color: transparent;"> <div class='block-region-wrapper' style='width: 100%' data-blockregion='footer-a-0'> <aside id="block-region-footer-a-0" class=" block-region" aria-label="Block Region for Footer A" data-droptarget="1" data-blockregion="footer-a-0" > <div id="inst10047" class="block_lpfancy block transparent slider clearfix required-block hybrid-ui-block " role="complementary" data-block="lpfancy" data-instanceid="10047" aria-label="Multi"> <div class="overlay-wrapper"> <div class="header block-header notitle"> <div class="block_action notitle commands"></div> <div class="title block-title"> </div> </div> <div class="content block-content" data-movetext="true"> <div class="no-overflow"><center style="padding-top:1em;"> <p><img src="https://ieee-elearning.org/pluginfile.php/43132/block_lpfancy/content/ieee-logo-footer.png" alt="logo" width="300" height="42" class="img-responsive atto_image_button_text-bottom"></p> <br> <a href="https://ieee-collabratec.ieee.org/" target="_blank"><i style="font-size:1.5em; color:#009fda;" class="fa fa-globe"></i></a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/pages/IEEE/176104589110851" target="_blank"><i style="font-size:1.5em; color:#009fda;" class="fa fa-facebook"> </i></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/IEEEorg" target="_blank"><i style="font-size:1.5em; color:#009fda;" class="fa fa-twitter"></i></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/ieee" target="_blank"><i style="font-size:1.5em; color:#009fda;" class="fa fa-linkedin"> </i></a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/IEEEorg" target="_blank"><i style="font-size:1.5em; color:#009fda;" class="fa fa-youtube-play"></i></a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/ieeeorg/" target="_blank"><i style="font-size:1.5em; color:#009fda;" class="fa fa-instagram"></i></a> <br><br> <p style="color:#fff;"> <a style="font-size:.8em; color:#fff;" href="https://ieee-elearning.org/CLE/" id="u-home">Home</a> | <a style="font-size:.8em; color:#fff;" href="http://www.ieee.org/sitemap.html" id="u-home">More Sites</a> | <a style="font-size:.8em; color:#fff;" href="http://www.ieee.org/about/contact_center/index.html" id="u-contact">Contact & Support</a> | <a style="font-size:.8em; color:#fff;" href="http://www.ieee.org/accessibility_statement.html" id="u-accessibility">Accessibility</a> | <a style="font-size:.8em; color:#fff;" href="http://www.ieee.org/p9-26.html" id="u-non">Nondiscrimination Policy</a> | <a style="font-size:.8em; color:#fff;" href="http://www.ieee.org/security_privacy.html" id="u-privacy">IEEE Privacy Policy</a> </p> <p style="font-size:.8em; color:rgb(255,255,255,.6);">IEEE Center for Leadership Excellence</p> <p style="font-size:.8em; color:rgb(255,255,255,.6);">© 2024 IEEE – All rights reserved. Use of this website signifies your agreement to the <a style="font-size:.8em; color:rgb(255,255,255,.6);" href="http://www.ieee.org/site_terms_conditions.html">IEEE Terms and Conditions</a>.<br>A not-for-profit organization, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity.</p> </center></div><style type='text/css'> @media screen and (min-width: 0px){#inst10047{ display: -ms-inline-grid; }#inst10047{ -ms-grid-row-align: center; }#inst10047{ -ms-grid-column-align: center; }#inst10047{ background-color: transparent; display: inline-grid; position: relative; align-self: center; justify-self: center; margin-bottom: 0; margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 0; width: 100%; z-index: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 0; padding-left: 0; min-height: 0; }#inst10047 .block-content{ padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 0; padding-left: 0; } } @media screen and (min-width: 768px){#inst10047{ display: -ms-inline-grid; }#inst10047{ -ms-grid-row-align: center; }#inst10047{ -ms-grid-column-align: center; }#inst10047{ background-color: transparent; display: inline-grid; position: relative; align-self: center; justify-self: center; margin-bottom: 0; margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 0; width: 100%; z-index: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 0; padding-left: 0; min-height: 0; }#inst10047 .block-content{ padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 0; padding-left: 0; } } @media screen and (min-width: 960px){#inst10047{ display: -ms-inline-grid; }#inst10047{ -ms-grid-row-align: center; }#inst10047{ -ms-grid-column-align: center; }#inst10047{ background-color: transparent; display: inline-grid; position: relative; align-self: center; justify-self: center; margin-bottom: 0; margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 0; width: 100%; z-index: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 0; padding-left: 0; min-height: 0; }#inst10047 .block-content{ padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 0; padding-left: 0; } }</style> </div> </div> </div> </aside> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ieee-elearning.org/lib/requirejs/config.php/1732008281/config.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ieee-elearning.org/lib/javascript.php/1732008281/lib/requirejs/require.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ require(['jquery'], function($) { $(document).on('ajaxStart', function() { M.util.js_pending('jq'); }).on('ajaxStop', function() { M.util.js_complete('jq'); }); }); M.util.js_pending('core-autoinitialise'); require(['core/autoinitialise'], function(ai) { ai.scan().then(function() { M.util.js_complete('core-autoinitialise'); }); }); require(["media_videojs/loader"], function(loader) { loader.setUp(function(videojs) { videojs.options.flash.swf = "https://ieee-elearning.org/media/player/videojs/videojs/video-js.swf"; videojs.addLanguage("en",{ "Play": "Play", "Pause": "Pause", "Current Time": "Current Time", "Duration Time": "Duration Time", "Remaining Time": "Remaining Time", "Stream Type": "Stream Type", "LIVE": "LIVE", "Loaded": "Loaded", "Progress": "Progress", "Fullscreen": "Fullscreen", "Non-Fullscreen": "Non-Fullscreen", "Mute": "Mute", "Unmute": "Unmute", "Playback Rate": "Playback Rate", "Subtitles": "Subtitles", "subtitles off": "subtitles off", "Captions": "Captions", "captions off": "captions off", "Chapters": "Chapters", "Close Modal Dialog": "Close Modal Dialog", "Descriptions": "Descriptions", "descriptions off": "descriptions off", "Audio Track": "Audio Track", "You aborted the media playback": "You aborted the media playback", "A network error caused the media download to fail part-way.": "A network error caused the media download to fail part-way.", "The media could not be loaded, either because the server or network failed or because the format is not supported.": "The media could not be loaded, either because the server or network failed or because the format is not supported.", "The media playback was aborted due to a corruption problem or because the media used features your browser did not support.": "The media playback was aborted due to a corruption problem or because the media used features your browser did not support.", "No compatible source was found for this media.": "No compatible source was found for this media.", "The media is encrypted and we do not have the keys to decrypt it.": "The media is encrypted and we do not have the keys to decrypt it.", "Play Video": "Play Video", "Close": "Close", "Modal Window": "Modal Window", "This is a modal window": "This is a modal window", "This modal can be closed by pressing the Escape key or activating the close button.": "This modal can be closed by pressing the Escape key or activating the close button.", ", opens captions settings dialog": ", opens captions settings dialog", ", opens subtitles settings dialog": ", opens subtitles settings dialog", ", opens descriptions settings dialog": ", opens descriptions settings dialog", ", selected": ", selected" }); }); });; require(["block_settings/settingsblock"], function(amd) { amd.init("2124", null); });; require(['theme_nebula/mobile-menu'], function(mobileMenu) { mobileMenu.init(document.getElementById('mobile-menu')); }); ; require(['core/yui'], function(Y) { M.util.init_skiplink(Y); }); ; require(['theme_nebula/utility-nav'], function(utilityNav) { utilityNav.init(document.getElementById('utility-nav')); }); ; require(['theme_nebula/mobile-block-controls'], function(mobileBlockControls) { mobileBlockControls.init(); }); ; require(['theme_nebula/utilities'], function(utilities) { utilities.init(); }); ; require(["core/notification"], function(amd) { amd.init(737, []); });; require(["core/log"], function(amd) { amd.setConfig({"level":"warn"}); }); //]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ieee-elearning.org/lib/javascript.php/1732008281/local/learningpool/js/polyfill.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ieee-elearning.org/theme/javascript.php/nebula/1732008281/footer"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ M.util.add_strings({"moodle":{"lastmodified":"Last modified","name":"Name","error":"Error","info":"Information","yes":"Yes","no":"No","uploadformlimit":"Uploaded file {$a} exceeded the maximum size limit set by the form","droptoupload":"Drop files here to upload","maxfilesreached":"You are allowed to attach a maximum of {$a} file(s) to this item","dndenabled_inbox":"You can drag and drop files here to add them.","fileexists":"There is already a file called {$a}","sizegb":"GB","sizemb":"MB","sizekb":"KB","sizeb":"bytes","maxareabytesreached":"The file (or the total size of several files) is larger than the space remaining in this area.","morehelp":"More help","loadinghelp":"Loading...","cancel":"Cancel","confirm":"Confirm","areyousure":"Are you sure?","closebuttontitle":"Close","unknownerror":"Unknown error"},"repository":{"type":"Type","size":"Size","invalidjson":"Invalid JSON string","nofilesattached":"No files attached","filepicker":"File picker","logout":"Logout","nofilesavailable":"No files available","norepositoriesavailable":"Sorry, none of your current repositories can return files in the required format.","fileexistsdialogheader":"File exists","fileexistsdialog_editor":"A file with that name has already been attached to the text you are editing.","fileexistsdialog_filemanager":"A file with that name has already been attached","renameto":"Rename to \"{$a}\"","referencesexist":"There are {$a} alias\/shortcut files that use this file as their source","select":"Select"},"admin":{"confirmdeletecomments":"You are about to delete comments, are you sure?","accessdenied":"Access denied","resourcenotfound":"Resource not found","confirmation":"Confirmation"},"error":{"maxbytesfile":"The file {$a->file} is too large. The maximum size you can upload is {$a->size}.","serverconnection":"Error connecting to the server"},"core":{"unknownerror":"Unknown error"}}); //]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ (function() {Y.use("moodle-core-jqueryajaxhandler",function() {M.core.jqueryajaxhandler.init(); }); Y.use("moodle-filter_mathjaxloader-loader",function() {M.filter_mathjaxloader.configure({"mathjaxconfig":"\n\nMathJax.Hub.Config({\n config: [\"Accessible.js\", \"Safe.js\"],\n errorSettings: { message: [\"!\"] },\n skipStartupTypeset: true,\n messageStyle: \"none\"\n});\n","lang":"en"}); }); M.util.help_popups.setup(Y); Y.use("moodle-core-popuphelp",function() {M.core.init_popuphelp(); }); M.util.js_pending('random674216cc096d32'); Y.on('domready', function() { M.util.js_complete("init"); M.util.js_complete('random674216cc096d32'); }); })(); //]]> </script> </body> </html>