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and Balances Letter: October 2022">October 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_September_2022" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: September 2022">September 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_August_2022" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: August 2022">August 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_July_2022" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: July 2022">July 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_June_2022" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: June 2022">June 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_May_2022" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: May 2022">May 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_April_2022" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: April 2022">April 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_March_2022" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: March 2022">March 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_February_2022" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: February 2022">February 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_January_2022" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: January 2022">January 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_December_2021" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: December 2021">December 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_November_2021" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: November 2021">November 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_October_2021" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: October 2021">October 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_September_2021" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: September 2021">September 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_August_2021" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: August 2021">August 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_July_2021" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: July 2021">July 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_June_2021" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: June 2021">June 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_May_2021" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: May 2021">May 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_April_2021" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: April 2021">April 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_March_2021" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: March 2021">March 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_February_2021" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: February 2021">February 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_January_2021" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: January 2021">January 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_December_2020" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: December 2020">December 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_November_2020" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: November 2020">November 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_October_2020" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: October 2020">October 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_September_2020" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: September 2020">September 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_August_2020" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: August 2020">August 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_July_2020" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: July 2020">July 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_June_2020" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: June 2020">June 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_May_2020" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: May 2020">May 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_April_2020" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: April 2020">April 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_March_2020" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: March 2020">March 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_February_2020" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: February 2020">February 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_January_2020" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: January 2020">January 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_December_2019" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: December 2019">December 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_November_2019" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: November 2019">November 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_October_2019" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: October 2019">October 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_September_2019" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: September 2019">September 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_August_2019" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: August 2019">August 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_July_2019" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: July 2019">July 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_June_2019" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: June 2019">June 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_May_2019" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: May 2019">May 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_April_2019" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: April 2019">April 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_March_2019" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: March 2019">March 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_February_2019" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: February 2019">February 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_January_2019" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: January 2019">January 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_December_2018" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: December 2018">December 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_November_2018" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: November 2018">November 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_October_2018" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: October 2018">October 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_September_2018" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: September 2018">September 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_August_2018" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: August 2018">August 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_July_2018" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: July 2018">July 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_June_2018" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: June 2018">June 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_May_2018" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: May 2018">May 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/The_Checks_and_Balances_Letter:_April_2018" title="The Checks and Balances Letter: April 2018">April 2018</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="#Bibliography">Bibliography</a> <ul><li><a href="/Scholarly_work_related_to_the_administrative_state" title="Scholarly work related to the administrative state">Scholarly work related to the administrative state</a></li> <li><a href="/%22Administrative_Law_-_The_20th_Century_Bequeaths_an_%27Illegitimate_Exotic%27_in_Full_and_Terrifying_Flower%22_by_Stephen_P._Dresch_(2000)" title=""Administrative Law - The 20th Century Bequeaths an 'Illegitimate Exotic' in Full and Terrifying Flower" by Stephen P. Dresch (2000)">"Administrative Law - The 20th Century Bequeaths an 'Illegitimate Exotic' in Full and Terrifying Flower" by Stephen P. Dresch (2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22Confronting_the_Administrative_Threat%22_by_Philip_Hamburger_and_Tony_Mills_(2017)" title=""Confronting the Administrative Threat" by Philip Hamburger and Tony Mills (2017)">"Confronting the Administrative Threat" by Philip Hamburger and Tony Mills (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22Constitutionalism_after_the_New_Deal%22_by_Cass_R._Sunstein_(1987)" title=""Constitutionalism after the New Deal" by Cass R. Sunstein (1987)">"Constitutionalism after the New Deal" by Cass R. Sunstein (1987)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22Rulemaking_as_Legislating%22_by_Kathryn_Watts_(2015)" title=""Rulemaking as Legislating" by Kathryn Watts (2015)">"Rulemaking as Legislating" by Kathryn Watts (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22The_Study_of_Administration%22_by_Woodrow_Wilson_(1887)" title=""The Study of Administration" by Woodrow Wilson (1887)">"The Study of Administration" by Woodrow Wilson (1887)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22Why_the_Modern_Administrative_State_Is_Inconsistent_with_the_Rule_of_Law%22_by_Richard_A._Epstein_(2008)" title=""Why the Modern Administrative State Is Inconsistent with the Rule of Law" by Richard A. Epstein (2008)">"Why the Modern Administrative State Is Inconsistent with the Rule of Law" by Richard A. Epstein (2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/Federalist_No._23_by_Alexander_Hamilton_(1787)" title="Federalist No. 23 by Alexander Hamilton (1787)">Federalist No. 23 by Alexander Hamilton (1787)</a></li> <li><a href="/Scholarly_work_related_to_the_administrative_state" title="Scholarly work related to the administrative state">More scholary articles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/Quotes_about_the_administrative_state" title="Quotes about the administrative state">Quotes about the administrative state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/The_Administrative_State_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="The Administrative State Project">Tracking</a> <ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://legislation.ballotpedia.org/admin-state/home">Administrative state legislation tracker</a></li> <li><a href="/Changes_to_the_Federal_Register" title="Changes to the Federal Register">Changes to the Federal Register</a></li> <li><a href="/Historical_additions_to_the_Federal_Register" title="Historical additions to the Federal Register">Historical additions to the Federal Register</a></li> <li><a href="/Completed_OIRA_review_of_federal_administrative_agency_rules" title="Completed OIRA review of federal administrative agency rules">Completed OIRA review of federal administrative agency rules</a></li> <li><a href="/Federal_agency_rules_repealed_under_the_Congressional_Review_Act" title="Federal agency rules repealed under the Congressional Review Act">Federal agency rules repealed under the Congressional Review Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/Concepts,_terms,_and_definitions_related_to_the_administrative_state" title="Concepts, terms, and definitions related to the administrative state">Terms and definitions</a> <ul><li><a href="/Glossary_of_administrative_state_terms" title="Glossary of administrative state terms">Glossary of administrative state terms</a></li> <li><a href="#Deference">Deference</a> <ul><li><a href="/Judicial_deference" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial deference">Judicial deference</a></li> <li><a href="/Skidmore_deference" title="Skidmore deference">Skidmore deference</a></li> <li><a href="/Auer_deference" title="Auer deference">Auer deference</a></li> <li><a href="/Chevron_deference" class="mw-redirect" title="Chevron deference">Chevron deference</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="#Rulemaking">Rulemaking</a> <ul><li><a href="/Formal_rulemaking" title="Formal rulemaking">Formal rulemaking</a></li> <li><a href="/Informal_rulemaking" title="Informal rulemaking">Informal rulemaking</a></li> <li><a href="/Hybrid_rulemaking" title="Hybrid rulemaking">Hybrid rulemaking</a></li> <li><a href="/Proposed_rule" title="Proposed rule">Proposed rule</a></li> <li><a href="/Final_rule" title="Final rule">Final rule</a></li> <li><a href="/Comment_period" title="Comment period">Comment period</a></li> <li>Ex parte communications</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/Judicial_review" title="Judicial review">Judicial review</a></li> <li><a href="/Nondelegation_doctrine" title="Nondelegation doctrine">Nondelegation doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/Adjudication" class="mw-redirect" title="Adjudication">Adjudication</a></li> <li><a href="/Administrative_law_judge" title="Administrative law judge">Administrative law judge</a></li> <li><a href="/Due_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Due process">Due process</a></li> <li><a href="/Federalism" title="Federalism">Federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/Guidance_(administrative_state)" title="Guidance (administrative state)">Guidance</a></li> <li><a href="/Executive_agency" title="Executive agency">Executive agency</a></li> <li><a href="/Independent_federal_agency" title="Independent federal agency">Independent federal agency</a></li> <li><a href="/Concepts,_terms,_and_definitions_related_to_the_administrative_state" title="Concepts, terms, and definitions related to the administrative state">More terms and definitions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/Laws,_statutes,_and_bills_related_to_the_administrative_state" title="Laws, statutes, and bills related to the administrative state">Laws and statutes</a> <ul><li><a href="/Administrative_Procedure_Act" title="Administrative Procedure Act">Administrative Procedure Act</a></li> <li><a href="/Civil_Service_Reform_Act" title="Civil Service Reform Act">Civil Service Reform Act</a></li> <li><a href="/Congressional_Review_Act" title="Congressional Review Act">Congressional Review Act</a></li> <li><a href="/Regulatory_Flexibility_Act" title="Regulatory Flexibility Act">Regulatory Flexibility Act</a></li> <li><a href="/REINS_Act" title="REINS Act">REINS Act</a></li> <li><a href="/Securities_Act_of_1933" title="Securities Act of 1933">Securities Act of 1933</a></li> <li><a href="/Truth_in_Regulating_Act" title="Truth in Regulating Act">Truth in Regulating Act</a></li> <li><a href="/Unfunded_Mandates_Reform_Act" title="Unfunded Mandates Reform Act">Unfunded Mandates Reform Act</a></li> <li><a href="/Laws,_statutes,_and_bills_related_to_the_administrative_state" title="Laws, statutes, and bills related to the administrative state">More laws and statutes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/Executive_orders_related_to_the_administrative_state" title="Executive orders related to the administrative state">Executive orders</a> <ul><li><a href="/List_of_executive_orders_issued_by_President_Carter_related_to_the_administrative_state" title="List of executive orders issued by President Carter related to the administrative state">Jimmy Carter</a> <ul><li><a href="/Presidential_Executive_Order_12044_(Jimmy_Carter,_1978)" title="Presidential Executive Order 12044 (Jimmy Carter, 1978)">Presidential Executive Order 12044 (Jimmy Carter, 1978)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/List_of_executive_orders_issued_by_President_Reagan_related_to_the_administrative_state" title="List of executive orders issued by President Reagan related to the administrative state">Ronald Reagan</a> <ul><li><a href="/Presidential_Executive_Order_12291_(Ronald_Reagan,_1981)" title="Presidential Executive Order 12291 (Ronald Reagan, 1981)">Presidential Executive Order 12291 (Ronald Reagan, 1981)</a></li> <li><a href="/Presidential_Executive_Order_12498_(Ronald_Reagan,_1985)" title="Presidential Executive Order 12498 (Ronald Reagan, 1985)">Presidential Executive Order 12498 (Ronald Reagan, 1985)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/List_of_executive_orders_issued_by_President_Clinton_related_to_the_administrative_state" title="List of executive orders issued by President Clinton related to the administrative state">Bill Clinton</a> <ul><li><a href="/Presidential_Executive_Order_12866_(Bill_Clinton,_1993)" title="Presidential Executive Order 12866 (Bill Clinton, 1993)">Presidential Executive Order 12866 (Bill Clinton, 1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/Presidential_Executive_Order_13132_(Bill_Clinton,_1999)" title="Presidential Executive Order 13132 (Bill Clinton, 1999)">Presidential Executive Order 13132 (Bill Clinton, 1999)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/List_of_executive_orders_issued_by_President_George_W._Bush_related_to_the_administrative_state" title="List of executive orders issued by President George W. Bush related to the administrative state">George W. Bush</a> <ul><li><a href="/Presidential_Executive_Order_13258_(George_W._Bush,_2002)" title="Presidential Executive Order 13258 (George W. Bush, 2002)">Presidential Executive Order 13258 (George W. Bush, 2002)</a></li> <li><a href="/Presidential_Executive_Order_13422_(George_W._Bush,_2007)" title="Presidential Executive Order 13422 (George W. Bush, 2007)">Presidential Executive Order 13422 (George W. Bush, 2007)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/List_of_executive_orders_issued_by_President_Obama_related_to_the_administrative_state" title="List of executive orders issued by President Obama related to the administrative state">Barack Obama</a> <ul><li><a href="/Presidential_Executive_Order_13497_(Barack_Obama,_2009)" title="Presidential Executive Order 13497 (Barack Obama, 2009)">Presidential Executive Order 13497 (Barack Obama, 2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/Presidential_Executive_Order_13563_(Barack_Obama,_2011)" title="Presidential Executive Order 13563 (Barack Obama, 2011)">Presidential Executive Order 13563 (Barack Obama, 2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/Presidential_Executive_Order_13610_(Barack_Obama,_2012)" title="Presidential Executive Order 13610 (Barack Obama, 2012)">Presidential Executive Order 13610 (Barack Obama, 2012)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/List_of_executive_orders_issued_by_President_Trump_related_to_the_administrative_state" title="List of executive orders issued by President Trump related to the administrative state">Donald Trump</a> <ul><li><a href="/Presidential_Executive_Order_13765_(Donald_Trump,_2017)" title="Presidential Executive Order 13765 (Donald Trump, 2017)">Presidential Executive Order 13765 (Donald Trump, 2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/Presidential_Executive_Order_13771_(Donald_Trump,_2017)" title="Presidential Executive Order 13771 (Donald Trump, 2017)">Presidential Executive Order 13771 (Donald Trump, 2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/Presidential_Executive_Order_13772_(Donald_Trump,_2017)" title="Presidential Executive Order 13772 (Donald Trump, 2017)">Presidential Executive Order 13772 (Donald Trump, 2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/Presidential_Executive_Order_13777_(Donald_Trump,_2017)" title="Presidential Executive Order 13777 (Donald Trump, 2017)">Presidential Executive Order 13777 (Donald Trump, 2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/Presidential_Executive_Order_13781_(Donald_Trump,_2017)" title="Presidential Executive Order 13781 (Donald Trump, 2017)">Presidential Executive Order 13781 (Donald Trump, 2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/Presidential_Executive_Order_13783_(Donald_Trump,_2017)" title="Presidential Executive Order 13783 (Donald Trump, 2017)">Presidential Executive Order 13783 (Donald Trump, 2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/Presidential_Executive_Order_13789_(Donald_Trump,_2017)" title="Presidential Executive Order 13789 (Donald Trump, 2017)">Presidential Executive Order 13789 (Donald Trump, 2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/Presidential_Executive_Order_13836_(Donald_Trump,_2018)" title="Presidential Executive Order 13836 (Donald Trump, 2018)">Presidential Executive Order 13836 (Donald Trump, 2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/Presidential_Executive_Order_13837_(Donald_Trump,_2018)" title="Presidential Executive Order 13837 (Donald Trump, 2018)">Presidential Executive Order 13837 (Donald Trump, 2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/Presidential_Executive_Order_13839_(Donald_Trump,_2018)" title="Presidential Executive Order 13839 (Donald Trump, 2018)">Presidential Executive Order 13839 (Donald Trump, 2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/Presidential_Executive_Order_13843_(Donald_Trump,_2018)" title="Presidential Executive Order 13843 (Donald Trump, 2018)">Presidential Executive Order 13843 (Donald Trump, 2018)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/List_of_executive_orders_issued_by_President_Biden_related_to_the_administrative_state" title="List of executive orders issued by President Biden related to the administrative state">Joseph Biden</a> <ul><li><a href="/Presidential_Executive_Order_13990_(Joe_Biden,_2021)" title="Presidential Executive Order 13990 (Joe Biden, 2021)">Presidential Executive Order 13990 (Joe Biden, 2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/Presidential_Executive_Order_13992_(Joe_Biden,_2021)" title="Presidential Executive Order 13992 (Joe Biden, 2021)">Presidential Executive Order 13992 (Joe Biden, 2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/Presidential_Executive_Order_14003_(Joe_Biden,_2021)" title="Presidential Executive Order 14003 (Joe Biden, 2021)">Presidential Executive Order 14003 (Joe Biden, 2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/Presidential_Executive_Order_14018_(Joe_Biden,_2021)" title="Presidential Executive Order 14018 (Joe Biden, 2021)">Presidential Executive Order 14018 (Joe Biden, 2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/Presidential_Executive_Order_14025_(Joe_Biden,_2021)" title="Presidential Executive Order 14025 (Joe Biden, 2021)">Presidential Executive Order 14025 (Joe Biden, 2021)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/Executive_orders_related_to_the_administrative_state" title="Executive orders related to the administrative state">More executive orders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/Agencies_and_offices_of_the_administrative_state" title="Agencies and offices of the administrative state">Agencies</a> <ul><li><a href="#Executive_departments">Executive departments</a> <ul><li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_State" title="U.S. Department of State">Dept. of State</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Defense" title="U.S. Department of Defense">Dept. of Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Justice" title="U.S. Department of Justice">Dept. of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_the_Treasury" title="U.S. Department of the Treasury">Dept. of the Treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="U.S. Department of Homeland Security">Dept. of Homeland Security</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Education" title="U.S. Department of Education">Dept. of Education</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="U.S. Department of Health and Human Services">Dept. of Health and Human Services</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Labor" title="U.S. Department of Labor">Dept. of Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs">Dept. of Veterans Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Transportation" title="U.S. Department of Transportation">Dept. of Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Energy" title="U.S. Department of Energy">Dept. of Energy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dept. of Housing and Urban Development</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_the_Interior" title="U.S. Department of the Interior">Dept. of the Interior</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Agriculture" title="U.S. Department of Agriculture">Dept. of Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Commerce" title="U.S. Department of Commerce">Dept. of Commerce</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="#Executive_agencies">Executive agencies</a> <ul><li><a href="/U.S._Office_of_Management_and_Budget" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Office of Management and Budget">Office of Management and Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Office_of_Information_and_Regulatory_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs">U.S. Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/United_States_Civil_Service_Commission" title="United States Civil Service Commission">U.S. Civil Service Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="#Independent_agencies">Independent agencies</a> <ul><li><a href="/U.S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Small_Business_Administration" title="U.S. Small Business Administration">Small Business Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/Administrative_Conference_of_the_United_States" title="Administrative Conference of the United States">Administrative Conference of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/Court_cases_and_lawsuits_related_to_the_administrative_state" title="Court cases and lawsuits related to the administrative state">Court cases</a> <ul><li><a href="/Auer_v._Robbins" title="Auer v. Robbins">Auer v. Robbins</a></li> <li><a href="/Chevron_v._Natural_Resources_Defense_Council" title="Chevron v. Natural Resources Defense Council">Chevron v. Natural Resources Defense Council</a></li> <li><a href="/Skidmore_v._Swift_%26_Co." title="Skidmore v. Swift & Co.">Skidmore v. Swift & Co.</a></li> <li><a href="/Humphrey%27s_Executor_v._United_States" title="Humphrey's Executor v. United States">Humphrey's Executor v. United States</a></li> <li><a href="/Citizens_to_Preserve_Overton_Park_v._Volpe" title="Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. Volpe">Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. Volpe</a></li> <li><a href="/Court_cases_and_lawsuits_related_to_the_administrative_state" title="Court cases and lawsuits related to the administrative state">More court cases</a></li></ul></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://legislation.ballotpedia.org/admin-state/home">Administrative state legislation tracker</a></li></ul> </div> <table class="infobox" style="width:250px; border:2px solid #BDBDBD; font-size:90%; float:right; padding:4px;"> <tbody><tr style="font-size:115%;"><td colspan="2" align="center"><big><b>Department of Housing and Urban Development</b></big></td></tr> <tr><td align="center" colspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development.svg" class="image"><img alt="US-DeptOfHUD-Seal.svg" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development.svg/225px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development.svg/300px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="365" /></a></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="top"><b>Secretary:</b></td><td><a href="/Scott_Turner" title="Scott Turner">Scott Turner</a></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="top"><b>Annual budget:</b></td><td>75.3 billion (2023)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="top"><b>Total employed:</b></td><td>7,824 (2022)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="top"><b>Year created:</b></td><td>1965</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="top"><b>Official website:</b></td><td><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.hud.gov/">HUD.gov</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="float:right; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 0.4em; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; ;" class="toclimit-3"> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Structure"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Structure</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Mission"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Mission</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Leadership"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Leadership</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Organizational_chart"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Organizational chart</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Budget"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Budget</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Employment"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Employment</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Responsibilities"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Responsibilities</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Role_of_HUD_in_work_requirements_for_public_housing"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Role of HUD in work requirements for public housing</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Recent_news"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Recent news</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Footnotes"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Footnotes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <p><br /> </p> <table class="infobox" style="text-align: center; width:250px;"> <tbody><tr> <td><br /><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/Executive_Branch" title="Executive Branch"><img alt="Executive-Branch-Logo.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/0/0a/Executive-Branch-Logo.png/130px-Executive-Branch-Logo.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="130" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/0/0a/Executive-Branch-Logo.png/195px-Executive-Branch-Logo.png 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/0/0a/Executive-Branch-Logo.png/260px-Executive-Branch-Logo.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></a></div></div><br /><center><b>Executive Departments of the United States</b></center><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td><center><b>Executive Departments</b></center> <small><center><a href="/U.S._Department_of_State" title="U.S. Department of State">Department of State</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_the_Treasury" title="U.S. Department of the Treasury">Department of the Treasury</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Defense" title="U.S. Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Justice" title="U.S. Department of Justice">Department of Justice</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_the_Interior" title="U.S. Department of the Interior">Department of the Interior</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Agriculture" title="U.S. Department of Agriculture">Department of Agriculture</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Commerce" title="U.S. Department of Commerce">Department of Commerce</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Labor" title="U.S. Department of Labor">Department of Labor</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="U.S. Department of Health and Human Services">Department of Health and Human Services</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Department of Housing and Urban Development</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Transportation" title="U.S. Department of Transportation">Department of Transportation</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Energy" title="U.S. Department of Energy">Department of Energy</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Education" title="U.S. Department of Education">Department of Education</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs">Department of Veterans Affairs</a> • <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="U.S. Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a> </center></small><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td><center><b>Department Secretaries</b></center> <small><center><a href="/Marco_Rubio" title="Marco Rubio">Marco Rubio</a> • <a href="/Scott_Bessent" title="Scott Bessent">Scott Bessent</a> • <a href="/Pete_Hegseth" title="Pete Hegseth">Pete Hegseth</a> • <a href="/Pam_Bondi" title="Pam Bondi">Pam Bondi</a> • <a href="/Doug_Burgum" title="Doug Burgum">Doug Burgum</a> • <a href="/Brooke_Rollins" title="Brooke Rollins">Brooke Rollins</a> • Vincent Micone (acting) • <a href="/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr.">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</a> • <a href="/Scott_Turner" title="Scott Turner">Scott Turner</a> • Jeremy Pelter (acting) • <a href="/Sean_Duffy" title="Sean Duffy">Sean Duffy</a> • <a href="/Chris_Wright_(secretary_of_energy)" title="Chris Wright (secretary of energy)">Chris Wright</a> • Denise Carter (acting) • <a href="/Doug_Collins" title="Doug Collins">Doug Collins</a> • <a href="/Kristi_Noem" title="Kristi Noem">Kristi Noem</a></center></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Department of Housing and Urban Development</b> (HUD) is a cabinet-level agency that was established in 1965 by the <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-79/pdf/STATUTE-79-Pg667.pdf">Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965</a>. The act “initiated a leased housing program to make privately owned housing available to low-income families.”<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> HUD is “responsible for programs concerned with the Nation's housing needs, fair housing opportunities, and improvement and development of the Nation's communities,” according to the <i><a href="/Federal_Register" title="Federal Register">Federal Register</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> </p><p><a href="/Scott_Turner" title="Scott Turner">Scott Turner</a> is the secretary of housing and urban development. <a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Donald_Trump%27s_Cabinet_nominees,_2025" title="Confirmation process for Donald Trump's Cabinet nominees, 2025">Click here</a> to learn more about his confirmation process. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span></h2> <p>The following list highlights important events throughout the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development’s history:<sup id="cite_ref-hist_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hist-3">[3]</a></sup> </p> <ul><li>2000: American homeownership reaches a record high of 67.7 percent.</li></ul> <ul><li>1990: “Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act emphasizes homeownership and tenant-based assistance, launches HOME housing block grant.”</li></ul> <ul><li>1990: “Low-Income Housing Preservation and Residential Homeownership Act of 1990 fortifies Federal commitment to preservation of -assisted low-income, multifamily housing.”</li></ul> <ul><li>1988: The Indian Housing Act passes, expanding the department's role to include housing for Native Americans and Alaskan Indians.</li></ul> <ul><li>1983: “Housing and Urban-Rural Recovery Act of 1983 begins Housing Development Action Grant and Rental Rehabilitation programs.”</li></ul> <ul><li>1974: “Housing and Community Development Act consolidates programs into Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program. Section 8 tenant-based certificates increase low-income tenants' choice of housing.”</li></ul> <ul><li>1970: “Housing and Urban Development Act of 1970 introduces Federal Experimental Housing Allowance Program and Community Development Corporation.”</li></ul> <ul><li>1968: The Fair Housing Act of 1968 passes.</li></ul> <ul><li>1965: The Department of Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965 passes, officially designating HUD as a cabinet-level agency.</li></ul> <ul><li>1937: The U.S. Housing Act of 1937 passes.</li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Structure">Structure</span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Mission">Mission</span></h3> <table class="infobox" style="text-align:center; width:200px;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color: #364DA8; color:white"><big>Administrative State <big> </big></big></th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/Administrative_state" title="Administrative state"><img alt="Administrative State Icon Gold.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/a/a3/Administrative_State_Icon_Gold.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></div></div><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Read more about the <a href="/The_Administrative_State_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="The Administrative State Project">administrative state</a> on Ballotpedia. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The official department mission statement is as follows: </p> <table data-nosnippet="" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;background-color: transparent; auto; ;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20" valign="top" style="border:none; color:#B2B7F2;font-size:35px;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding: 10px 3px;">“ </td> <td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 4px 10px;">HUD’s mission is to create strong, sustainable, inclusive communities and quality affordable homes for all. HUD is working to strengthen the housing market to bolster the economy and protect consumers; meet the need for quality affordable rental homes; utilize housing as a platform for improving quality of life; build inclusive and sustainable communities free from discrimination, and transform the way HUD does business.<sup id="cite_ref-quotedisclaimer_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quotedisclaimer-4">[4]</a></sup> </td> <td width="20" valign="bottom" style="border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 35px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right; padding: 10px 1px;">” </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" class="cquotecite" style="border: none; padding-right: 4%"><cite style="font-style: normal;font-size: smaller; float: right;">—HUD.gov<sup id="cite_ref-mission_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mission-5">[5]</a></sup></cite> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Leadership">Leadership</span></h3> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="background:none; text-align:center; width:50%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9" style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><b>Secretaries of Housing and Urban Development Full History</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Secretary of Housing and Urban Development</b></td> <td><b>Years in office</b></td> <td><b>Nominated by</b></td> <td><b>Confirmation vote</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Robert C. Weaver</td> <td>1966-1968</td> <td>Lyndon B. Johnson</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Robert C. Wood</td> <td>1969-1969</td> <td>Lyndon B. Johnson</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>George W. Romney</td> <td>1969-1973</td> <td>Richard Nixon</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>James T. Lynn</td> <td>1973-1975</td> <td>Gerald Ford</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Carla A. Hills</td> <td>1975-1977</td> <td>Gerald Ford</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Patricia R. Harris</td> <td>1977-1979</td> <td>Jimmy Carter</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maurice E. Landrieu</td> <td>1979-1981</td> <td>Jimmy Carter</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Samuel R. Pierce</td> <td>1981-1989</td> <td>Ronald Reagan</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jack F. Kemp</td> <td>1989-1993</td> <td>George H.W. Bush</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Henry G. Cisneros</td> <td>1993-1997</td> <td><a href="/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Andrew_Cuomo" title="Andrew Cuomo">Andrew Cuomo</a></td> <td>1997-2001</td> <td><a href="/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mel Martinez</td> <td>2001-2003</td> <td>George W. Bush</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alphonso Jackson</td> <td>2004-2008</td> <td>George W. Bush</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Steve Preston</td> <td>2008-2009</td> <td>George W. Bush</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Shaun_Donovan" title="Shaun Donovan">Shaun Donovan</a></td> <td>2009-Present</td> <td><a href="/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Julian_Castro" class="mw-redirect" title="Julian Castro">Julian Castro</a></td> <td>2014-2017</td> <td><a href="/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></td> <td>71-26 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Ben_Carson" title="Ben Carson">Ben Carson</a></td> <td>2017-2021</td> <td><a href="/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></td> <td>58-41 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Marcia_Fudge" title="Marcia Fudge">Marcia Fudge</a></td> <td>2021-2024</td> <td><a href="/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></td> <td>66-34 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Adrianne Todman (acting)</td> <td>2024-2025</td> <td><a href="/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>Matthew Ammon (acting)</td> <td>2025-2025</td> <td><a href="/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Scott_Turner" title="Scott Turner">Scott Turner</a></td> <td>2025-present</td> <td><a href="/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></td> <td>55-44 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i>Note: Votes marked "N/A" represent voice votes or unrecorded votes. Missing votes will be filled as they are researched.</i> </p><p><br /> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Organizational_chart">Organizational chart</span></h3> <p><a href="/File:HUD_org_chart.jpg" class="image"><img alt="HUD org chart.jpg" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/5/5e/HUD_org_chart.jpg/600px-HUD_org_chart.jpg" decoding="async" width="600" height="450" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/5/5e/HUD_org_chart.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="888" data-file-height="666" /></a> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Budget">Budget</span></h2> <p>The enacted budget for the 2023 fiscal year was $75.3 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Employment">Employment</span></h2> <p>The Department of Housing and Urban Development employed 7,824 people in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-HUDBP_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HUDBP-7">[7]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Responsibilities">Responsibilities</span></h2> <p>HUD is responsible for administering federal housing assistance programs and executing urban development laws across the United States. HUD’s primary responsibility “is helping create a decent home and suitable living environment for all Americans, and it has given America's communities a strong national voice at the Cabinet level,” according to HUD’s web page. HUD also aims to promote home ownership by underwriting lower and moderate-income families through mortgage insurance programs. <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Role_of_HUD_in_work_requirements_for_public_housing">Role of HUD in work requirements for public housing</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Areas_of_inquiry_and_disagreement_related_to_work_requirements_for_public_assistance_programs" title="Areas of inquiry and disagreement related to work requirements for public assistance programs">Areas of inquiry and disagreement related to work requirements for public assistance programs</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) may approve waivers that allow state public housing agencies to implement Moving to Work (MTW) initiatives, which require residents to find employment to remain eligible for public housing. These waivers exempt state and local housing agencies from some HUD public housing and Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) rules. If HUD approves waivers for state or local housing agencies, those agencies may use federal funds flexibly “to implement activities that otherwise would not be allowable” or “combine activities in order to create more comprehensive initiatives,” according to HUD.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup> </p><p>State or local public housing agencies with MTW waivers have the flexibility to create initiatives that include work requirements. These requirements vary across state and local housing agencies to respond to local populations, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation. HUD had selected 87 state and local agencies for MTW initiatives as of March 23, 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> </p> <div id="div-gpt-ad-1548351761485-0"><script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("div-gpt-ad-1548351761485-0"); });</script></div><h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Recent_news">Recent news</span></h2> <p>The link below is to the most recent stories in a Google news search for the terms <b>United States Department of Housing and Urban Development.</b> These results are automatically generated from Google. Ballotpedia does not curate or endorse these articles. </p> <div class="rss-feed"> <p><b><span style="font-size:135%"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://google.com/search?hl=en&gl=us&tbm=nws&q=United+States+Department+of+Housing+and+Urban+Development&um=1&ie=UTF-8">U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development - Google News</a></span></b> </p> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2> <table> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <ul><li><a href="/Executive_Branch" title="Executive Branch">Executive Branch portal</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Defense" title="U.S. Department of Defense">U.S. Department of Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="U.S. Department of Homeland Security">U.S. Department of Homeland Security</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Justice" title="U.S. Department of Justice">U.S. Department of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Commerce" title="U.S. Department of Commerce">U.S. Department of Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Labor" title="U.S. Department of Labor">U.S. Department of Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Energy" title="U.S. Department of Energy">U.S. Department of Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Agriculture" title="U.S. Department of Agriculture">U.S. Department of Agriculture</a></li></ul> </td> <td valign="top"> <ul><li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_the_Treasury" title="U.S. Department of the Treasury">U.S. Department of the Treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Education" title="U.S. Department of Education">U.S. Department of Education</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Transportation" title="U.S. Department of Transportation">U.S. Department of Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_the_Interior" title="U.S. Department of the Interior">U.S. Department of the Interior</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="U.S. Department of Health and Human Services">U.S. Department of Health and Human Services</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs">U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_State" title="U.S. Department of State">U.S. Department of State</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2> <ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD">Official Department of Housing and Urban Development website</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://blog.hud.gov/">Official Department of Housing and Urban Development blog</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/HUD">Department of Housing and Urban Development on Facebook</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.twitter.com/HUDgov">Department of Housing and Urban Development on Twitter</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.youtube.com/HUDchannel">Department of Housing and Urban Development Youtube channel</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/hudopa">Department of Housing and Urban Development on Flickr</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/housing-and-urban-development-department">Department of Housing and Urban Development on the Federal Register</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Footnotes">Footnotes</span></h2> <p> <script type="text/javascript"> if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; </script> </p> <div class="references-small"><div class="mobile-columns"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.huduser.gov/portal/hudtimeline_1960.html"><i>HUDUser.gov</i>, “HUD’d Historical Timeline, 1960,” accessed June 20, 2016</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/housing-and-urban-development-department"><i>Federal Register</i>, "Housing and Urban Development Department," accessed June 20, 2016</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hist-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-hist_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/about/hud_history"><i>U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development</i>, "HUD History," accessed January 10, 2014</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-quotedisclaimer-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-quotedisclaimer_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mission-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-mission_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/about/mission"><i>Department of Housing and Urban Development</i>, "Mission," accessed January 13, 2013</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/CFO/documents/2024-HUD-Congressional-Justifications.pdf"><i>U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development</i>, "2024 Congressional Justifications," accessed February 26, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HUDBP-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-HUDBP_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://bestplacestowork.org/BPTW/rankings/detail/HU00"><i>BestPlacestoWork.org</i>, “Department of Housing and Urban Development,” accessed February 26, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.hud.gov/about/qaintro#:~:text=What%20Is%20HUD%27s%20Mission%3F,and%20enforce%20fair%20housing%20laws.">‘’HUD,’’ ‘’About,’’ accessed April 4, 2023</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.hud.gov/program_offices/public_indian_housing/programs/ph/mtw/expansion"><i>HUD,</i> <i>Public Housing Programs,</i> accessed April 11, 2023</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/95821/work-requirements-in-public-housing-authorities.pdf">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.hudexchange.info/programs/mtw/mtw-expansion-training/mtw-basics/overview-of-mtw-flexibilities/#:~:text=The%20ability%20to%20use%20certain,(HAP)%20and%20Administrative%20Fees."><i>HUD exchange,</i> <i>MTW,</i> accessed April 11, 2023</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div></div> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#bbccee;" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:xx-small; ;background:#bbccee;;border:none;;"><a href="/Template:Executive_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Executive branch"><span title="View this template" style=";background:#bbccee;;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Executive_branch&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;background:#bbccee;;border:none;;" title="You can edit this template. 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Please use the preview button before saving.">e</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><big><a href="/The_Administrative_State_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="The Administrative State Project">The Administrative State</a></big></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><b>Main</b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/The_Administrative_State_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="The Administrative State Project">The Administrative State Project main page</a> • <a href="/Administrative_State_Project_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative State Project Index">Administrative State Project Index</a> • <a href="/Glossary_of_administrative_state_terms" title="Glossary of administrative state terms">Glossary of administrative state terms</a> • <a href="/Quotes_about_the_administrative_state" title="Quotes about the administrative state">Quotes about the administrative state</a> • <a href="/Administrative_state" title="Administrative state">Administrative state</a> • <a href="/Rulemaking" title="Rulemaking">Rulemaking</a> • <a href="/Deference" class="mw-redirect" title="Deference">Deference</a> • <a href="/Adjudication" class="mw-redirect" title="Adjudication">Adjudication</a> • <a href="/Nondelegation_doctrine" title="Nondelegation doctrine">Nondelegation doctrine</a> • <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://legislation.ballotpedia.org/admin-state/home">Ballotpedia's administrative state legislation tracker</a></div></td><td style="width:1%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;padding-left:0.5em;" rowspan="13"><a href="/The_Administrative_State_Project" title="The Administrative State Project"><img alt="The Administrative State Project Badge.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/4/4d/The_Administrative_State_Project_Badge.png/150px-The_Administrative_State_Project_Badge.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/4/4d/The_Administrative_State_Project_Badge.png/225px-The_Administrative_State_Project_Badge.png 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/4/4d/The_Administrative_State_Project_Badge.png/300px-The_Administrative_State_Project_Badge.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><b>Reporting</b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Changes_to_the_Federal_Register" title="Changes to the Federal Register">Changes to the Federal Register</a> • <a href="/Completed_OIRA_review_of_federal_administrative_agency_rules" title="Completed OIRA review of federal administrative agency rules">Completed OIRA review of federal administrative agency rules</a> • <a href="/Federal_agency_rules_repealed_under_the_Congressional_Review_Act" title="Federal agency rules repealed under the Congressional Review Act">Federal agency rules repealed under the Congressional Review Act</a> • <a href="/Historical_additions_to_the_Federal_Register,_1936-2016" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical additions to the Federal Register, 1936-2016">Historical additions to the Federal Register, 1936-2016</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><b>Laws</b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Administrative_Procedure_Act" title="Administrative Procedure Act">Administrative Procedure Act</a> • <a href="/Antiquities_Act" title="Antiquities Act">Antiquities Act</a> • <a href="/Civil_Service_Reform_Act" title="Civil Service Reform Act">Civil Service Reform Act</a> • <a href="/Clayton_Antitrust_Act" title="Clayton Antitrust Act">Clayton Antitrust Act</a> • <a href="/Communications_Act_of_1934" title="Communications Act of 1934">Communications Act of 1934</a> • <a href="/Congressional_Review_Act" title="Congressional Review Act">Congressional Review Act</a> • <a href="/Electronic_Freedom_of_Information_Act" title="Electronic Freedom of Information Act">Electronic Freedom of Information Act</a> • <a href="/Federal_Food,_Drug,_and_Cosmetic_Act_of_1938" title="Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938">Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938</a> • <a href="/Federal_Housekeeping_Statute" title="Federal Housekeeping Statute">Federal Housekeeping Statute</a> • <a href="/Federal_Reserve_Act" title="Federal Reserve Act">Federal Reserve Act</a> • <a href="/Federal_Trade_Commission_Act_of_1914" title="Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914">Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914</a> • <a href="/Freedom_of_Information_Act" title="Freedom of Information Act">Freedom of Information Act</a> • <a href="/Government_in_the_Sunshine_Act" title="Government in the Sunshine Act">Government in the Sunshine Act</a> • <a href="/Independent_Offices_Appropriations_Act_of_1952" title="Independent Offices Appropriations Act of 1952">Independent Offices Appropriations Act of 1952</a> • <a href="/Information_Quality_Act" title="Information Quality Act">Information Quality Act</a> • <a href="/Interstate_Commerce_Act" title="Interstate Commerce Act">Interstate Commerce Act</a> • <a href="/National_Labor_Relations_Act" title="National Labor Relations Act">National Labor Relations Act</a> • <a href="/Paperwork_Reduction_Act" title="Paperwork Reduction Act">Paperwork Reduction Act</a> • <a href="/Pendleton_Act" title="Pendleton Act">Pendleton Act</a> • <a href="/Privacy_Act_of_1974" title="Privacy Act of 1974">Privacy Act of 1974</a> • <a href="/Regulatory_Flexibility_Act" title="Regulatory Flexibility Act">Regulatory Flexibility Act</a> • <a href="/REINS_Act" title="REINS Act">REINS Act</a> • <a href="/REINS_Act_(Wisconsin)" class="mw-redirect" title="REINS Act (Wisconsin)">REINS Act (Wisconsin)</a> • <a href="/Securities_Act_of_1933" title="Securities Act of 1933">Securities Act of 1933</a> • <a href="/Securities_Exchange_Act_of_1934" title="Securities Exchange Act of 1934">Securities Exchange Act of 1934</a> • <a href="/Sherman_Antitrust_Act" title="Sherman Antitrust Act">Sherman Antitrust Act</a> • <a href="/Small_Business_Regulatory_Enforcement_Fairness_Act" title="Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act">Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act</a> • <a href="/Truth_in_Regulating_Act" title="Truth in Regulating Act">Truth in Regulating Act</a> • <a href="/Unfunded_Mandates_Reform_Act" title="Unfunded Mandates Reform Act">Unfunded Mandates Reform Act</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><b>Cases</b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i><a href="/Abbott_Laboratories_v._Gardner" title="Abbott Laboratories v. Gardner">Abbott Laboratories v. Gardner</a></i> • <i><a href="/A.L.A._Schechter_Poultry_Corp._v._United_States" title="A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States">A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States</a></i> • <i><a href="/Association_of_Data_Processing_Service_Organizations_v._Camp" title="Association of Data Processing Service Organizations v. Camp">Association of Data Processing Service Organizations v. Camp</a></i> • <i><a href="/Auer_v._Robbins" title="Auer v. Robbins">Auer v. Robbins</a></i> • <i><a href="/Chevron_v._Natural_Resources_Defense_Council" title="Chevron v. Natural Resources Defense Council">Chevron v. Natural Resources Defense Council</a></i> • <i><a href="/Citizens_to_Preserve_Overton_Park_v._Volpe" title="Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. Volpe">Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. Volpe</a></i> • <i><a href="/Federal_Trade_Commission_(FTC)_v._Standard_Oil_Company_of_California" title="Federal Trade Commission (FTC) v. Standard Oil Company of California">Federal Trade Commission (FTC) v. Standard Oil Company of California</a></i> • <i><a href="/Field_v._Clark" title="Field v. Clark">Field v. Clark</a></i> • <i><a href="/Food_and_Drug_Administration_v._Brown_and_Williamson_Tobacco_Corporation" title="Food and Drug Administration v. Brown and Williamson Tobacco Corporation">Food and Drug Administration v. Brown and Williamson Tobacco Corporation</a></i> • <i><a href="/Humphrey%27s_Executor_v._United_States" title="Humphrey's Executor v. United States">Humphrey's Executor v. United States</a></i> • <i><a href="/Immigration_and_Naturalization_Service_(INS)_v._Chadha" title="Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) v. Chadha">Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) v. Chadha</a></i> • <i><a href="/J.W._Hampton_Jr._%26_Company_v._United_States" title="J.W. Hampton Jr. & Company v. United States">J.W. Hampton Jr. & Company v. United States</a></i> • <i><a href="/Lucia_v._SEC" title="Lucia v. SEC">Lucia v. SEC</a></i> • <i><a href="/Marshall_v._Barlow%27s" title="Marshall v. Barlow's">Marshall v. Barlow's</a></i> • <i><a href="/Massachusetts_v._Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency">Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency</a></i> • <i><a href="/Mistretta_v._United_States" title="Mistretta v. United States">Mistretta v. United States</a></i> • <i><a href="/National_Federation_of_Independent_Business_(NFIB)_v._Sebelius" title="National Federation of Independent Business (NFIB) v. Sebelius">National Federation of Independent Business (NFIB) v. Sebelius</a></i> • <i><a href="/National_Labor_Relations_Board_v._Noel_Canning_Company" title="National Labor Relations Board v. Noel Canning Company">National Labor Relations Board v. Noel Canning Company</a></i> • <i><a href="/National_Labor_Relations_Board_v._Sears,_Roebuck_%26_Co." title="National Labor Relations Board v. Sears, Roebuck & Co.">National Labor Relations Board v. Sears, Roebuck & Co.</a></i> • <i><a href="/Panama_Refining_Co._v._Ryan" title="Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan">Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan</a></i> • <i><a href="/Securities_and_Exchange_Commission_v._Chenery_Corporation" title="Securities and Exchange Commission v. Chenery Corporation">Securities and Exchange Commission v. Chenery Corporation</a></i> • <i><a href="/Skidmore_v._Swift_%26_Co." title="Skidmore v. Swift & Co.">Skidmore v. Swift & Co.</a></i> • <i><a href="/United_States_v._Lopez" title="United States v. Lopez">United States v. Lopez</a></i> • <i><a href="/United_States_v._Western_Pacific_Railroad_Co." title="United States v. Western Pacific Railroad Co.">United States v. Western Pacific Railroad Co.</a></i> • <i><a href="/Universal_Camera_Corporation_v._National_Labor_Relations_Board" title="Universal Camera Corporation v. National Labor Relations Board">Universal Camera Corporation v. National Labor Relations Board</a></i> • <i><a href="/Vermont_Yankee_Nuclear_Power_Corp._v._Natural_Resources_Defense_Council" title="Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Corp. v. Natural Resources Defense Council">Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Corp. v. Natural Resources Defense Council</a></i> • <i><a href="/Wayman_v._Southard" title="Wayman v. Southard">Wayman v. Southard</a></i> • <i><a href="/Weyerhaeuser_Company_v._United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" title="Weyerhaeuser Company v. United States Fish and Wildlife Service">Weyerhaeuser Company v. United States Fish and Wildlife Service</a></i> • <i><a href="/Whitman_v._American_Trucking_Associations" title="Whitman v. American Trucking Associations">Whitman v. American Trucking Associations</a></i> • <i><a href="/Wickard_v._Filburn" title="Wickard v. Filburn">Wickard v. Filburn</a></i> • <i><a href="/Wiener_v._United_States" title="Wiener v. United States">Wiener v. United States</a></i></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><b>Terms</b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Adjudication_(administrative_state)" title="Adjudication (administrative state)">Adjudication (administrative state)</a> • <a href="/Administrative_judge" title="Administrative judge">Administrative judge</a> • <a href="/Administrative_law" title="Administrative law">Administrative law</a> • <a href="/Administrative_law_judge" title="Administrative law judge">Administrative law judge</a> • <a href="/Administrative_state" title="Administrative state">Administrative state</a> • <a href="/Arbitrary-or-capricious_test" title="Arbitrary-or-capricious test">Arbitrary-or-capricious test</a> • <a href="/Auer_deference" title="Auer deference">Auer deference</a> • <a href="/Barrier_to_entry" title="Barrier to entry">Barrier to entry</a> • <a href="/Bootleggers_and_Baptists" title="Bootleggers and Baptists">Bootleggers and Baptists</a> • <a href="/Chevron_deference_(doctrine)" title="Chevron deference (doctrine)">Chevron deference (doctrine)</a> • <a href="/Civil_servant" title="Civil servant">Civil servant</a> • <a href="/Civil_service" title="Civil service">Civil service</a> • <a href="/Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Code of Federal Regulations">Code of Federal Regulations</a> • <a href="/Codify_(administrative_state)" title="Codify (administrative state)">Codify (administrative state)</a> • <a href="/Comment_period" title="Comment period">Comment period</a> • <a href="/Compliance_costs" title="Compliance costs">Compliance costs</a> • <a href="/Congressional_Record" title="Congressional Record">Congressional Record</a> • <a href="/Coordination_(administrative_state)" title="Coordination (administrative state)">Coordination (administrative state)</a> • <a href="/Deference_(administrative_state)" title="Deference (administrative state)">Deference (administrative state)</a> • <a href="/Direct_and_indirect_costs_(administrative_state)" title="Direct and indirect costs (administrative state)">Direct and indirect costs (administrative state)</a> • <a href="/Enabling_statute" title="Enabling statute">Enabling statute</a> • <a href="/Ex_parte_communication_(administrative_state)" title="Ex parte communication (administrative state)">Ex parte communication (administrative state)</a> • <a href="/Executive_agency" title="Executive agency">Executive agency</a> • <a href="/Federal_law" title="Federal law">Federal law</a> • <a href="/Federal_Register" title="Federal Register">Federal Register</a> • <a href="/Federalism" title="Federalism">Federalism</a> • <a href="/Final_rule" title="Final rule">Final rule</a> • <a href="/Formal_rulemaking" title="Formal rulemaking">Formal rulemaking</a> • <a href="/Formalism_(law)" title="Formalism (law)">Formalism (law)</a> • <a href="/Functionalism_(law)" title="Functionalism (law)">Functionalism (law)</a> • <a href="/Guidance_(administrative_state)" title="Guidance (administrative state)">Guidance (administrative state)</a> • <a href="/Hybrid_rulemaking" title="Hybrid rulemaking">Hybrid rulemaking</a> • <a href="/Incorporation_by_reference" title="Incorporation by reference">Incorporation by reference</a> • <a href="/Independent_federal_agency" title="Independent federal agency">Independent federal agency</a> • <a href="/Informal_rulemaking" title="Informal rulemaking">Informal rulemaking</a> • <a href="/Joint_resolution_of_disapproval_(administrative_state)" title="Joint resolution of disapproval (administrative state)">Joint resolution of disapproval (administrative state)</a> • <a href="/Major_rule" title="Major rule">Major rule</a> • <a href="/Negotiated_rulemaking" title="Negotiated rulemaking">Negotiated rulemaking</a> • <a href="/Nondelegation_doctrine" title="Nondelegation doctrine">Nondelegation doctrine</a> • <a href="/OIRA_prompt_letter" title="OIRA prompt letter">OIRA prompt letter</a> • <a href="/Organic_statute" title="Organic statute">Organic statute</a> • <a href="/Pragmatism_(law)" title="Pragmatism (law)">Pragmatism (law)</a> • <a href="/Precautionary_principle" title="Precautionary principle">Precautionary principle</a> • <a href="/Promulgate" title="Promulgate">Promulgate</a> • <a href="/Proposed_rule" title="Proposed rule">Proposed rule</a> • <a href="/Publication_rulemaking" title="Publication rulemaking">Publication rulemaking</a> • <a href="/Regulatory_budget" title="Regulatory budget">Regulatory budget</a> • <a href="/Regulatory_capture" title="Regulatory capture">Regulatory capture</a> • <a href="/Regulatory_dark_matter" title="Regulatory dark matter">Regulatory dark matter</a> • <a href="/Regulatory_impact_analysis" title="Regulatory impact analysis">Regulatory impact analysis</a> • <a href="/Regulatory_policy_officer" title="Regulatory policy officer">Regulatory policy officer</a> • <a href="/Regulatory_reform_officer" title="Regulatory reform officer">Regulatory reform officer</a> • <a href="/Regulatory_review" title="Regulatory review">Regulatory review</a> • <a href="/Rent_seeking" title="Rent seeking">Rent seeking</a> • <a href="/Retrospective_regulatory_review" title="Retrospective regulatory review">Retrospective regulatory review</a> • <a href="/Risk_assessment_(administrative_state)" title="Risk assessment (administrative state)">Risk assessment (administrative state)</a> • <a href="/Rulemaking" title="Rulemaking">Rulemaking</a> • <a href="/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">Separation of powers</a> • <a href="/Significant_regulatory_action" title="Significant regulatory action">Significant regulatory action</a> • <a href="/Skidmore_deference" title="Skidmore deference">Skidmore deference</a> • <a href="/Statutory_authority" title="Statutory authority">Statutory authority</a> • <a href="/Substantive_law_and_procedural_law" title="Substantive law and procedural law">Substantive law and procedural law</a> • <a href="/Sue_and_settle" title="Sue and settle">Sue and settle</a> • <a href="/Sunset_provision" title="Sunset provision">Sunset provision</a> • <a href="/Unified_Agenda_of_Federal_Regulatory_and_Deregulatory_Actions" title="Unified Agenda of Federal Regulatory and Deregulatory Actions">Unified Agenda of Federal Regulatory and Deregulatory Actions</a> • <a href="/United_States_Code" title="United States Code">United States Code</a> • <a href="/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">United States Statutes at Large</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><b>Bibliography</b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><small> <ul><li><a href="/%22Administrative_Law_-_The_20th_Century_Bequeaths_an_%27Illegitimate_Exotic%27_in_Full_and_Terrifying_Flower%22_by_Stephen_P._Dresch_(2000)" title=""Administrative Law - The 20th Century Bequeaths an 'Illegitimate Exotic' in Full and Terrifying Flower" by Stephen P. Dresch (2000)">"Administrative Law - The 20th Century Bequeaths an 'Illegitimate Exotic' in Full and Terrifying Flower" by Stephen P. Dresch (2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22Confronting_the_Administrative_Threat%22_by_Philip_Hamburger_and_Tony_Mills_(2017)" title=""Confronting the Administrative Threat" by Philip Hamburger and Tony Mills (2017)">"Confronting the Administrative Threat" by Philip Hamburger and Tony Mills (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22Constitutionalism_after_the_New_Deal%22_by_Cass_R._Sunstein_(1987)" title=""Constitutionalism after the New Deal" by Cass R. Sunstein (1987)">"Constitutionalism after the New Deal" by Cass R. Sunstein (1987)</a></li> <li><a href="/Federalist_No._23_by_Alexander_Hamilton_(1787)" title="Federalist No. 23 by Alexander Hamilton (1787)">Federalist No. 23 by Alexander Hamilton (1787)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22From_Administrative_State_to_Constitutional_Government%22_by_Joseph_Postell_(2012)" title=""From Administrative State to Constitutional Government" by Joseph Postell (2012)">"From Administrative State to Constitutional Government" by Joseph Postell (2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22Interring_the_Nondelegation_Doctrine%22_by_Eric_A._Posner_and_Adrian_Vermeule_(2002)" title=""Interring the Nondelegation Doctrine" by Eric A. Posner and Adrian Vermeule (2002)">"Interring the Nondelegation Doctrine" by Eric A. Posner and Adrian Vermeule (2002)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22Rulemaking_as_Legislating%22_by_Kathryn_Watts_(2015)" title=""Rulemaking as Legislating" by Kathryn Watts (2015)">"Rulemaking as Legislating" by Kathryn Watts (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22The_Checks_%26_Balances_of_the_Regulatory_State%22_by_Paul_R._Verkuil_(2016)" title=""The Checks & Balances of the Regulatory State" by Paul R. Verkuil (2016)">"The Checks & Balances of the Regulatory State" by Paul R. Verkuil (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22The_Myth_of_the_Nondelegation_Doctrine%22_by_Keith_E._Whittington_and_Jason_Iuliano_(2017)" title=""The Myth of the Nondelegation Doctrine" by Keith E. Whittington and Jason Iuliano (2017)">"The Myth of the Nondelegation Doctrine" by Keith E. Whittington and Jason Iuliano (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22The_Progressive_Origins_of_the_Administrative_State:_Wilson,_Goodnow,_and_Landis%22_by_Ronald_J._Pestritto_(2007)" title=""The Progressive Origins of the Administrative State: Wilson, Goodnow, and Landis" by Ronald J. Pestritto (2007)">"The Progressive Origins of the Administrative State: Wilson, Goodnow, and Landis" by Ronald J. Pestritto (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22The_Rise_and_Rise_of_the_Administrative_State%22_by_Gary_Lawson_(1994)" title=""The Rise and Rise of the Administrative State" by Gary Lawson (1994)">"The Rise and Rise of the Administrative State" by Gary Lawson (1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22The_Study_of_Administration%22_by_Woodrow_Wilson_(1887)" title=""The Study of Administration" by Woodrow Wilson (1887)">"The Study of Administration" by Woodrow Wilson (1887)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22The_Threat_to_Liberty%22_by_Steven_F._Hayward_(2017)" title=""The Threat to Liberty" by Steven F. Hayward (2017)">"The Threat to Liberty" by Steven F. Hayward (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/%22Why_the_Modern_Administrative_State_Is_Inconsistent_with_the_Rule_of_Law%22_by_Richard_A._Epstein_(2008)" title=""Why the Modern Administrative State Is Inconsistent with the Rule of Law" by Richard A. Epstein (2008)">"Why the Modern Administrative State Is Inconsistent with the Rule of Law" by Richard A. Epstein (2008)</a></li></ul> </small></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><b>Agencies</b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Administrative_Conference_of_the_United_States" title="Administrative Conference of the United States">Administrative Conference of the United States</a> • <a href="/United_States_Civil_Service_Commission" title="United States Civil Service Commission">United States Civil Service Commission</a> • <a href="/U.S._Government_Accountability_Office" title="U.S. Government Accountability Office">U.S. Government Accountability Office</a> • <a href="/U.S._Office_of_Information_and_Regulatory_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs">U.S. Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs</a> • <a href="/U.S._Office_of_Management_and_Budget" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Office of Management and Budget">U.S. Office of Management and Budget</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#0744ac; color: white;" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:xx-small; ;background:#0744ac; color: white;;border:none;;"><a href="/Template:Ballotpedia" title="Template:Ballotpedia"><span title="View this template" style=";background:#0744ac; color: white;;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Ballotpedia&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;background:#0744ac; color: white;;border:none;;" title="You can edit this template. Please use the preview button before saving.">e</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;">Ballotpedia</span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#f0a237; color: white;;"><span style="color:#0b47a8"><b><a href="/Ballotpedia:About" title="Ballotpedia:About">About</a></b></span></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Ballotpedia:Overview_and_contact_information" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballotpedia:Overview and contact information">Overview</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:What_people_are_saying" title="Ballotpedia:What people are saying">What people are saying</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Donate" title="Ballotpedia:Donate">Support Ballotpedia</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Overview_and_contact_information" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballotpedia:Overview and contact 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