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delays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction,_cost_overruns_and_delays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Programme_cost_summary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Programme_cost_summary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Programme cost summary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Programme_cost_summary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Replacement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Replacement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Replacement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Replacement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Characteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Characteristics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Characteristics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Weapons_and_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weapons_and_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Weapons and systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weapons_and_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Propulsion_and_general_specifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Propulsion_and_general_specifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Propulsion and general specifications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Propulsion_and_general_specifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Incidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Incidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Incidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boats_in_the_class" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boats_in_the_class"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Boats in the class</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boats_in_the_class-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Astute</i>-class submarine</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astute-klas_duikboot" title="Astute-klas duikboot – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Astute-klas duikboot" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%A9_%D8%A2%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AA_-_%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="غواصة آستوت - كلاس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غواصة آستوت - كلاس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9F-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C" title="অ্যাস্টিউট-শ্রেণি ডুবোজাহাজ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অ্যাস্টিউট-শ্রেণি ডুবোজাহাজ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%99%C3%ADda_Astute" title="Třída Astute – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Třída Astute" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astute-klassen" title="Astute-klassen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Astute-klassen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astute-Klasse" title="Astute-Klasse – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Astute-Klasse" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clase_Astute" title="Clase Astute – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Clase Astute" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA" title="زیردریایی کلاس استیوت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زیردریایی کلاس استیوت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classe_Astute" title="Classe Astute – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Classe Astute" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%96%B4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%9C%ED%8A%B8%EA%B8%89_%EC%9E%A0%EC%88%98%ED%95%A8" title="어스튜트급 잠수함 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="어스튜트급 잠수함" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapal_selam_kelas_Astute" title="Kapal selam kelas Astute – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kapal selam kelas Astute" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classe_Astute" title="Classe Astute – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Classe Astute" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%95%D7%98" title="הצוללות מסדרת אסטיוט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הצוללות מסדרת אסטיוט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapal_selam_kelas_Astute" title="Kapal selam kelas Astute – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kapal selam kelas Astute" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B9%E3%83%81%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E7%B4%9A%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E6%BD%9C%E6%B0%B4%E8%89%A6" title="アスチュート級原子力潜水艦 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アスチュート級原子力潜水艦" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astute-klassen" title="Astute-klassen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Astute-klassen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okr%C4%99ty_podwodne_typu_Astute" title="Okręty podwodne typu Astute – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Okręty podwodne typu Astute" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classe_Astute" title="Classe Astute – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Classe Astute" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%C2%BB" title="Подводные лодки типа «Астьют» – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Подводные лодки типа «Астьют»" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astute-luokka" title="Astute-luokka – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Astute-luokka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astute-klass" title="Astute-klass – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Astute-klass" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96_%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%83_%C2%AB%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%82%C2%BB" title="Підводні човни типу «Астют» – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Підводні човни типу «Астют»" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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submarines</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Astute_class_SSN.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Astute_class_SSN.svg/300px-Astute_class_SSN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Astute_class_SSN.svg/450px-Astute_class_SSN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Astute_class_SSN.svg/600px-Astute_class_SSN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="974" data-file-height="244" /></a></span><div><i>Astute</i>-class SSN profile</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HMS_Ambush_long.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/HMS_Ambush_long.jpg/300px-HMS_Ambush_long.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/HMS_Ambush_long.jpg/450px-HMS_Ambush_long.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/HMS_Ambush_long.jpg/600px-HMS_Ambush_long.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2055" data-file-height="1539" /></a></span><div>HMS <i>Ambush</i> in 2012</div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Class overview</th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Name</td><td><i>Astute</i> class</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Builders</td><td><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Submarines" title="BAE Systems Submarines">BAE Systems Submarines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barrow-in-Furness" title="Barrow-in-Furness">Barrow-in-Furness</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Operators</td><td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Preceded by</td><td><a href="/wiki/Trafalgar-class_submarine" title="Trafalgar-class submarine"><i>Trafalgar</i> class</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Succeeded by</td><td><a href="/wiki/SSN-AUKUS" title="SSN-AUKUS">SSN-AUKUS</a> (First design contract awarded)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Cost</td><td>Over <a href="/wiki/%C2%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="£">£</a>1.65 <a href="/wiki/Billion" title="Billion">billion</a> per boat (2015 est.)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Built</td><td>2001–present</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">In commission</td><td>2010–present</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Planned</td><td>7</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Building</td><td>1</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Completed</td><td>6</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Active</td><td>5</td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">General characteristics</th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Type</td><td><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_marine_propulsion" title="Nuclear marine propulsion">Nuclear-powered</a> <a href="/wiki/Fleet_submarine" title="Fleet submarine">fleet submarine</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Displacement</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Surfaced: 7,000 to 7,400 t (6,900 to 7,300 long tons)<sup id="cite_ref-Steve_Bush_2014_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steve_Bush_2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AstuteRN_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AstuteRN-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Submerged: 7,400 to 7,800 t (7,300 to 7,700 long tons)<sup id="cite_ref-Steve_Bush_2014_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steve_Bush_2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AstuteRN_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AstuteRN-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Length</td><td>97 m (318 ft 3 in)<sup id="cite_ref-Steve_Bush_2014_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steve_Bush_2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AstuteRN_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AstuteRN-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Beam</td><td>11.3 m (37 ft 1 in)<sup id="cite_ref-Steve_Bush_2014_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steve_Bush_2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AstuteRN_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AstuteRN-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Draught</td><td>10 m (32 ft 10 in)<sup id="cite_ref-Steve_Bush_2014_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steve_Bush_2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AstuteRN_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AstuteRN-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Propulsion</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">1 × <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_PWR" title="Rolls-Royce PWR">Rolls-Royce PWR</a> 2 <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">nuclear reactor</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/MTU_Friedrichshafen" title="MTU Friedrichshafen">MTU</a> 600 kilowatt diesel generators</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Speed</td><td>30 <a href="/wiki/Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">knots</a> (56 km/h; 35 mph), submerged<sup id="cite_ref-Steve_Bush_2014_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steve_Bush_2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AstuteRN_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AstuteRN-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Range</td><td>Unlimited<sup id="cite_ref-BAEAstute2016_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BAEAstute2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Endurance</td><td>Unlimited in terms of propulsion, air and water, but otherwise typically 90 days, based on the amount of food carried and endurance of the crew<sup id="cite_ref-BAEAstute2016_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BAEAstute2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Test depth</td><td>Over 300 m (980 ft)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Complement</td><td>98 (capacity for 109)<sup id="cite_ref-Steve_Bush_2014_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steve_Bush_2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Sensors and <br /> processing systems</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Thales_Underwater_Systems" title="Thales Underwater Systems">Thales</a> <a href="/wiki/Sonar_2076" title="Sonar 2076">Sonar 2076</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Hydrographic" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlas Hydrographic">Atlas</a> DESO 25 <a href="/wiki/Sonar#Echo_sounding" title="Sonar">echosounder</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">2 × <a href="/wiki/Thales_Optronics" title="Thales Optronics">Thales</a> CM010 <a href="/wiki/Photonics_mast" title="Photonics mast">optronic masts</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Raytheon_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Raytheon Corporation">Raytheon</a> <a href="/wiki/Identification_friend_or_foe" title="Identification friend or foe">Successor IFF</a></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Armament</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">6 × 21 in (533 mm) <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_tube" title="Torpedo tube">torpedo tubes</a> with stowage for up to 38 weapons:<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38weapons_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38weapons-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <ul style="list-style: none"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Tomahawk_(missile_family)" title="Tomahawk (missile family)">Tomahawk</a> Block IV cruise missiles </li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Spearfish_torpedo" title="Spearfish torpedo">Spearfish</a> heavyweight torpedoes</li> </ul> </ul></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The <b><i>Astute</i> class</b> is the latest class of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_marine_propulsion" title="Nuclear marine propulsion">nuclear-powered</a> <a href="/wiki/Fleet_submarine" title="Fleet submarine">fleet submarines</a> (<a href="/wiki/SSN_(hull_classification_symbol)" title="SSN (hull classification symbol)">SSNs</a>) in service with the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AstuteRN_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AstuteRN-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The boats are being constructed by <a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Submarines" title="BAE Systems Submarines">BAE Systems Submarines</a> at <a href="/wiki/Barrow-in-Furness" title="Barrow-in-Furness">Barrow-in-Furness</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NT-ASTUTE_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NT-ASTUTE-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seven boats will be constructed: the first of class, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Astute_(S119)" title="HMS Astute (S119)"><i>Astute</i></a>, was launched by <a href="/wiki/Queen_Camilla" title="Queen Camilla">Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall</a>, in 2007,<sup id="cite_ref-Astute_launch_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Astute_launch-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Commissioned_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Commissioned (ship)">commissioned</a> in 2010, and declared fully operational in May 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-AstuteRN_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AstuteRN-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Astute</i> class is the replacement for the <a href="/wiki/Trafalgar-class_submarine" title="Trafalgar-class submarine"><i>Trafalgar</i>-class</a> fleet submarines in Royal Navy service.<sup id="cite_ref-AstuteRN_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AstuteRN-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astute-class_submarine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Batch_2_Trafalgar_class">Batch 2 <i>Trafalgar</i> class</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astute-class_submarine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Batch 2 Trafalgar class"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Astute</i>-class programme began in February 1986 when the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Defence</a> (MOD) launched a number of studies intended to determine the capabilities and requirements for the replacement of its <i>Swiftsure</i> and <i>Trafalgar</i>-class fleet submarines.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RAND_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAND-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These studies, called project SSN20, were conducted during the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, when the Royal Navy maintained a strong emphasis on <a href="/wiki/Anti-submarine_warfare" title="Anti-submarine warfare">anti-submarine warfare</a> to counter increasingly capable <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> submarines. To match this growing threat, the studies concluded that project SSN20 should be a revolutionary design, with significantly enhanced nuclear propulsion and firepower, and a more sophisticated "integrated sonar suite" and combat systems.<sup id="cite_ref-RAND_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAND-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a>, which was facing the same threats, went on to design and build the <a href="/wiki/Seawolf-class_submarine" title="Seawolf-class submarine"><i>Seawolf</i> class</a>. The estimated costs of project SSN20, although great, were not considered a "constraint".<sup id="cite_ref-RAND_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAND-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, by 1990 the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a> had fallen and the Cold War came to an end. Project SSN20 was promptly cancelled and a new set of design studies were started, this time, with "cost control" as a key objective.<sup id="cite_ref-RAND_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAND-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Trafalgar</i> class had been an evolved derivative of the preceding <i>Swiftsure</i> class, and in order to reduce cost and technical risk it was concluded that this new class of fleet submarine should "build upon" the <i>Trafalgar</i> design. This became known as the Batch 2 <i>Trafalgar</i> class (B2TC), with approval for the studies phase given in June 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-RAND_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAND-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the philosophy behind B2TC was that of a modern and improved <i>Trafalgar</i>, early design concepts of B2TC were also heavily influenced by the then under construction <a href="/wiki/Vanguard-class_submarine" title="Vanguard-class submarine"><i>Vanguard</i> class</a>, in particular its nuclear steam raising plant (NSRP).<sup id="cite_ref-RAND_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAND-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Astute_programme"><i>Astute</i> programme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astute-class_submarine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Astute programme"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following two years of a studies phase on B2TC, the MOD issued a draft <a href="/wiki/Invitation_to_tender" title="Invitation to tender">invitation to tender</a> in October 1993 and a final invitation to tender in July 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-RAND_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAND-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The final invitation to tender involved a formal competition between <a href="/wiki/GEC-Marconi" class="mw-redirect" title="GEC-Marconi">GEC-Marconi</a>/<a href="/wiki/BMT_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="BMT Limited">BMT Limited</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vickers_Shipbuilding_and_Engineering_Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering Ltd.">VSEL</a>/<a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Marine_Power_Operations" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolls-Royce Marine Power Operations">Rolls-Royce</a>, with bids to be submitted in June 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-RAND_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAND-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GEC-Marconi and BMT had little experience with British submarine designs, whereas VSEL and Rolls-Royce were heavily involved in both British nuclear submarine design and construction. </p><p>During the assessment phase of the bids put forward by both teams, the MOD favoured the GEC-Marconi/BMT design on both cost and capability grounds.<sup id="cite_ref-RAND_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAND-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bid put forward by VSEL/Rolls-Royce was less attractive and considered "an expensive and dull design."<sup id="cite_ref-RAND_9-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAND-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 1995, VSEL was subject to a takeover by GEC-Marconi, and with it, the Barrow shipyard. In December of the same year, the MOD announced that GEC-Marconi was the preferred bidder. The bid put forward by GEC-Marconi included the innovative use of <a href="/wiki/3D_modeling" title="3D modeling">3D CAD software</a> and modular construction techniques. Although the MOD had awarded the contract to GEC-Marconi, partly due to its competitive cost, it was still considered too high for the MOD to sign off on.<sup id="cite_ref-RAND_9-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAND-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The MOD and GEC-Marconi negotiated on a new price for the contract, amounting to £2.4 billion for the first three <i>Astute</i> submarines, plus in-service support. The contract was signed on 14 March 1997, for what was now called the <i>Astute</i> programme, with a fixed maximum price, and any cost overruns being assumed by GEC-Marconi, the contractor.<sup id="cite_ref-RAND_9-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAND-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although B2TC was intended to be a modest improvement over the <i>Trafalgar</i> class, it was not to be the case for <i>Astute</i>. With the signing of the contract in March 1997, GEC-Marconi started work on developing a complete and comprehensive design for the <i>Astute</i> programme.<sup id="cite_ref-RAND_9-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAND-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initial realisation was that the size of the <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_PWR" title="Rolls-Royce PWR">Rolls-Royce PWR2</a> required a much larger boat (beam and length) and significantly improved acoustic quieting. A new understanding was reached between the MOD and GEC-Marconi that this would be an entirely new class, and far more complex than originally envisioned.<sup id="cite_ref-RAND_9-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAND-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction,_cost_overruns_and_delays"><span id="Construction.2C_cost_overruns_and_delays"></span>Construction, cost overruns and delays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astute-class_submarine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Construction, cost overruns and delays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Astute1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Astute1.JPG/220px-Astute1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Astute1.JPG/330px-Astute1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Astute1.JPG/440px-Astute1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>The <i>Astute</i> class are built at the <a href="/wiki/Devonshire_Dock_Hall" title="Devonshire Dock Hall">Devonshire Dock Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barrow-in-Furness" title="Barrow-in-Furness">Barrow-in-Furness</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In November 1999, <a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace" title="British Aerospace">British Aerospace</a> purchased GEC-Marconi and created <a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems">BAE Systems</a>. At the time of the takeover, it had been approximately 20 years since the <i>Vanguard</i> class were designed, and the last of the boats had already been launched.<sup id="cite_ref-RAND_9-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAND-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The workforce at the Barrow shipyard had fallen from around 13,000 to 3,000. Key skills in design and engineering had been lost, predominantly through retirement or movement into other careers.<sup id="cite_ref-RAND_9-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAND-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This created significant delays and challenges in getting the <i>Astute</i> programme from design phase and into construction phase. Further delays and cost increases were also caused by the 3D CAD software,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> despite originally being touted as an innovative cost saving measure, by greatly reducing man-hours.<sup id="cite_ref-RAND_9-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAND-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, one of the reasons for this was a lack of experienced designers able to use the software and its expanded tools.<sup id="cite_ref-RAND_9-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAND-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Astute2cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Astute2cropped.jpg/220px-Astute2cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Astute2cropped.jpg/330px-Astute2cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Astute2cropped.jpg/440px-Astute2cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1164" data-file-height="1218" /></a><figcaption><i>Astute</i> on the <a href="/wiki/Shiplift" title="Shiplift">shiplift</a> after her launch ceremony</figcaption></figure> <p>Despite numerous difficulties, including incomplete design drawings, the first boat, <i>Astute</i>, was laid down on 31 January 2001. As planned, modular construction methods were used, with the boat being built in several ring-like modules, each up to several metres in length.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These were welded together using specially designed high-strength steel,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then fitted out. From boat 2 onward however, vertical outfitting has been used, whereby the ring-like sections are "stood up on their ends."<sup id="cite_ref-VO_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VO-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This has better enabled the fitting of large and heavy equipment, and has also proved to be more efficient, with reportedly "thousands of man-hours saved".<sup id="cite_ref-VO_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VO-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The class is the first nuclear submarine to be designed entirely using 3D computer software.<sup id="cite_ref-BAEAstute2016_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BAEAstute2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 2002 both BAE and the MOD recognised they had underestimated the technical challenges and costs of the programme.<sup id="cite_ref-RAND_9-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAND-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2002 the programme was estimated to be over three years late and hundreds of millions of pounds over budget.<sup id="cite_ref-RAND_9-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAND-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> BAE Systems issued a profit warning on 11 December 2002 as a result of the cost overruns and delays.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> BAE Systems and the MOD subsequently renegotiated the contract, with an understanding that the MOD had to share some of the financial risks.<sup id="cite_ref-RAND_9-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAND-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2003 the contract modifications were signed, with the MOD agreeing to add another £430 million to the programme and BAE Systems assuming £250 million of the cost overruns.<sup id="cite_ref-NAO2008_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAO2008-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The MOD also enlisted the advice and expertise of <a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_Electric_Boat" title="General Dynamics Electric Boat">General Dynamics Electric Boat</a> through a <a href="/wiki/U.S._Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Navy">U.S. Navy</a> contract.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually, a General Dynamics Electric Boat employee became the Astute Project Director at Barrow.<sup id="cite_ref-RAND_9-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAND-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Audacious_Under_Construction_MOD_45155779.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Audacious_Under_Construction_MOD_45155779.jpg/220px-Audacious_Under_Construction_MOD_45155779.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Audacious_Under_Construction_MOD_45155779.jpg/330px-Audacious_Under_Construction_MOD_45155779.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Audacious_Under_Construction_MOD_45155779.jpg/440px-Audacious_Under_Construction_MOD_45155779.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2709" data-file-height="1806" /></a><figcaption><i>Audacious</i> under construction</figcaption></figure> <p>Input from General Dynamics helped resolve many of the software issues associated with 3D CAD;<sup id="cite_ref-RAND_9-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAND-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> General Dynamics was also responsible for the introduction of vertical outfitting and other construction techniques. Consequently, much rework was needed on <i>Astute</i> now that detailed designs were complete.<sup id="cite_ref-RAND_9-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAND-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 8 June 2007 <i>Astute</i> was launched and boats 2 and 3 (<i>Ambush</i> and <i>Artful</i>) were at various stages of construction. A month previously, procurement for boat 4 (<i>Audacious</i>) had been agreed.<sup id="cite_ref-RAND_9-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAND-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boats 5 and 6 (<i>Anson</i> and <i>Agamemnon</i>) were approved in March 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-RAND_9-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAND-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2012 the order was placed for the manufacture of the nuclear reactor for boat 7 (<i>Agincourt</i>), as well as production of the first nuclear reactor for the <a href="/wiki/Dreadnought-class_submarine" title="Dreadnought-class submarine"><i>Dreadnought</i>-class submarine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A £1.4 billion order to construct <i>Agamemnon</i> was issued by the MOD to BAE Systems on 19 April 2017<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2009, a House of Commons Defence Select Committee found that delays due to technical and programme issues brought the <i>Astute</i> class to a position of being 57 months late and 53 per cent (or £1.35 billion) over-budget, with a forecast cost of £3.9 billion for the first three boats.<sup id="cite_ref-DSC-HC99_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DSC-HC99-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The handover of boat 4, HMS <i>Audacious</i>, was delayed from 2019 to 2021 due to "emergent technical issues".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2020, James Heappey, parliamentary under secretary of state for defence, confirmed that the in-service date for the final SSN, HMS <i>Agincourt</i>, had slipped to 2026.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, as part of the joint planning within the <a href="/wiki/AUKUS" title="AUKUS">AUKUS</a> defence group, it was indicated that, from 2027, one Astute-class submarine would forward operate on rotation from <a href="/wiki/HMAS_Stirling" title="HMAS Stirling">HMAS Stirling</a> in <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-navylookout.com_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-navylookout.com-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Programme_cost_summary">Programme cost summary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astute-class_submarine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Programme cost summary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>National Audit Office: Major Projects Report 2015</b><sup id="cite_ref-NAO2015_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAO2015-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Expected cost to completion at approval </th> <th>Current forecast cost to completion </th> <th>Change </th></tr> <tr> <td>Boats 1–3 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">£2.233 billion </td> <td style="text-align:center;">£3.536 billion </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Negative increase"><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>58% Increase </td></tr> <tr> <td>Boat 4 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">£1.279 billion </td> <td style="text-align:center;">£1.492 billion </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Negative increase"><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>16% Increase </td></tr> <tr> <td>Boat 5 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">£1.464 billion </td> <td style="text-align:center;">£1.420 billion </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Positive decrease"><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>3% Decrease </td></tr> <tr> <td>Boat 6 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">£1.579 billion </td> <td style="text-align:center;">£1.533 billion </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Positive decrease"><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>3% Decrease </td></tr> <tr> <td>Boat 7 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">£1.642 billion </td> <td style="text-align:center;">£1.640 billion </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Replacement">Replacement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astute-class_submarine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Replacement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Aukus-class_submarine" class="mw-redirect" title="Aukus-class submarine">Aukus-class submarine</a></div> <p>In September 2021, the Ministry of Defence announced a £170 million investment into design work for the successor to the <i>Astute</i>-class. This funding included two £85 million contracts, which were awarded to BAE Systems and Rolls-Royce.<sup id="cite_ref-successor_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-successor-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2023, it was announced that the submarine would be a joint project between the United Kingdom, Australia and the United States and would start to replace the <i>Astute</i>-class in the Royal Navy in the late 2030s.<sup id="cite_ref-navylookout.com_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-navylookout.com-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astute-class_submarine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weapons_and_systems">Weapons and systems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astute-class_submarine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Weapons and systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Navy_Submarine_HMS_Astute_Fires_a_Tomahawk_Cruise_Missile_(TLAM)_During_Testing_Near_the_USA_MOD_45153387.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Royal_Navy_Submarine_HMS_Astute_Fires_a_Tomahawk_Cruise_Missile_%28TLAM%29_During_Testing_Near_the_USA_MOD_45153387.jpg/220px-Royal_Navy_Submarine_HMS_Astute_Fires_a_Tomahawk_Cruise_Missile_%28TLAM%29_During_Testing_Near_the_USA_MOD_45153387.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Royal_Navy_Submarine_HMS_Astute_Fires_a_Tomahawk_Cruise_Missile_%28TLAM%29_During_Testing_Near_the_USA_MOD_45153387.jpg/330px-Royal_Navy_Submarine_HMS_Astute_Fires_a_Tomahawk_Cruise_Missile_%28TLAM%29_During_Testing_Near_the_USA_MOD_45153387.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Royal_Navy_Submarine_HMS_Astute_Fires_a_Tomahawk_Cruise_Missile_%28TLAM%29_During_Testing_Near_the_USA_MOD_45153387.jpg/440px-Royal_Navy_Submarine_HMS_Astute_Fires_a_Tomahawk_Cruise_Missile_%28TLAM%29_During_Testing_Near_the_USA_MOD_45153387.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/HMS_Astute_(S119)" title="HMS Astute (S119)">Astute</a></i> firing a <a href="/wiki/Tomahawk_(missile_family)" title="Tomahawk (missile family)">Tomahawk</a> Block IV cruise missile</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>Astute</i> class has stowage for 38 weapons and would typically carry a mix of <a href="/wiki/Spearfish_torpedo" title="Spearfish torpedo">Spearfish</a> heavy torpedoes and <a href="/wiki/Tomahawk_(missile_family)" title="Tomahawk (missile family)">Tomahawk</a> Block IV cruise missiles,<sup id="cite_ref-38weapons_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38weapons-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the latter costing £870,000 each.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Tomahawk missiles are capable of hitting a target to within a few metres, to a range of 1,000 miles (1,600 kilometres).<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2022, the MOD announced that it would be upgrading these missiles to Block V standard from 2024, which boasts an extended range and modernised in-flight communication and target selection.<sup id="cite_ref-block5_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-block5-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Astute Combat Management System is a new version of the <a href="/wiki/SMCS" class="mw-redirect" title="SMCS">Submarine Command System</a> used on other classes of British submarine. The system receives data from the boat's sensors and displays the results on command consoles. The submarines also have <a href="/wiki/Atlas_Elektronik" title="Atlas Elektronik">Atlas Hydrographic</a> DESO 25 high-precision echosounders, two CM010 non-hull-penetrating <a href="/wiki/Photonics_mast" title="Photonics mast">optronic masts</a>—in place of conventional <a href="/wiki/Periscope" title="Periscope">periscopes</a>—which carry thermal imaging and low-light TV and colour <a href="/wiki/Charge-coupled_device" title="Charge-coupled device">CCD</a> TV sensors.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCNewsSco1_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCNewsSco1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The class also mounts a <a href="/wiki/Identification_friend_or_foe" title="Identification friend or foe">Successor IFF</a> system. </p><p>For detecting enemy ships and submarines, the <i>Astute</i> class is equipped with the sophisticated <a href="/wiki/Sonar_2076" title="Sonar 2076">Sonar 2076</a>, an integrated passive/active search and attack <a href="/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar">sonar</a> suite with bow, intercept, flank and towed arrays. BAE claims that the 2076 is the world's best sonar system.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All of the Astute-class submarines will be fitted with the advanced Common Combat System.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Propulsion_and_general_specifications">Propulsion and general specifications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astute-class_submarine&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Propulsion and general specifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The boats of the <i>Astute</i> class are powered by a Rolls-Royce <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_PWR#PWR2" title="Rolls-Royce PWR">PWR2</a> (Core H) (a <a href="/wiki/Pressurised_water_reactor" class="mw-redirect" title="Pressurised water reactor">pressurised water reactor</a>) and fitted with a <a href="/wiki/Pump-jet" title="Pump-jet">pump-jet</a> propulsor. The PWR2 reactor, which was developed for the <i>Vanguard</i>-class ballistic missile submarines, has a 25-year lifespan without the need for refuelling.<sup id="cite_ref-tna3b_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tna3b-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BAEAstute2016_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BAEAstute2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, the new submarines are about 30 per cent larger than previous British fleet submarines, which were powered by smaller-diameter reactors. Like all Royal Navy submarines, the bridge fin of the <i>Astute</i>-class boats is specially reinforced to allow surfacing through ice caps. These submarines can also be fitted with a <a href="/wiki/Dry_deck_shelter" title="Dry deck shelter">dry deck shelter</a>, which allows special forces (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Special_Boat_Service" title="Special Boat Service">SBS</a>) to deploy whilst the submarine is submerged.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than 39,000 <a href="/wiki/Anechoic_tile" title="Anechoic tile">acoustic tiles</a> mask the vessel's sonar signature, part of acoustic qualities that give the <i>Astute</i> class over any other submarine previously operated by the Royal Navy.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2009 safety assessment by the Defence Nuclear Safety Regulator concluded that PWR2 reactor safety was significantly short of good practice in two important areas: <a href="/wiki/Loss-of-coolant_accident" title="Loss-of-coolant accident">loss-of-coolant accident</a> and control of submarine depth following emergency reactor shutdown.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The regulator concluded that PWR2 was "potentially vulnerable to a structural failure of the primary circuit", which is a failure mode with significant safety hazards to crew and the public.<sup id="cite_ref-dm-20110518_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dm-20110518-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Operational procedures have been amended to minimise these risks.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Astute</i> is the second Royal Navy submarine class, after the <i>Vanguard</i> class, to have a bunk for each member of the ship's company,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ending the practice of '<a href="/wiki/Hot_racking" title="Hot racking">hot bunking</a>', whereby two sailors on opposite watches shared the same bunk at different times. However, they have less mess-deck space than the <a href="/wiki/Valiant-class_submarine" title="Valiant-class submarine"><i>Valiant</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarines</a> built 45 years earlier<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a Defence Board audit recognised mistakes had been made on accommodation standards and quality of life issues.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since it is nuclear powered, the boat has theoretically unlimited endurance, though in practice it is limited to 90 days at sea based on food carried (including 18,000 sausages and 4,200 <a href="/wiki/Weetabix" title="Weetabix">Weetabix</a>) and crew endurance.<sup id="cite_ref-BAEAstute2016_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BAEAstute2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, during the joint exercise Fellowship, <i>Astute</i> performed simulated battles with the latest United States Navy <a href="/wiki/Virginia-class_submarine" title="Virginia-class submarine"><i>Virginia</i>-class submarine</a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_New_Mexico_(SSN-779)" title="USS New Mexico (SSN-779)">USS <i>New Mexico</i></a>. Royal Navy Commander Iain Breckenridge was quoted, "Our sonar is fantastic and I have never before experienced holding a submarine at the range we were holding USS <i>New Mexico</i>. The Americans were utterly taken aback, blown away with what they were seeing".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Astute</i> class are designed to achieve a top speed of 29–30 knots (54–56 km/h), but it was reported in 2012 that this speed could not be reached in trials due to a mismatch between the reactor and the turbine.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian-20121115b_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-20121115b-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in January 2015, the <a href="/wiki/National_Audit_Office_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Audit Office (United Kingdom)">National Audit Office</a> confirmed that demonstration of the top speed requirement (or Key Performance Measure (KPM)) for the <i>Astute</i> class was successful.<sup id="cite_ref-NAO2014_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAO2014-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Incidents">Incidents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astute-class_submarine&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Incidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>On 22 October 2010, the Ministry of Defence confirmed that <i>Astute</i> had "run into difficulties" off the Isle of <a href="/wiki/Skye" class="mw-redirect" title="Skye">Skye</a> while on trials, after eyewitnesses reported the submarine had run aground a few miles from the <a href="/wiki/Skye_Bridge" title="Skye Bridge">Skye Bridge</a>. There were no reports of injuries.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc20102210_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc20102210-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On 8 April 2011, whilst the submarine was docked at Southampton, Able Seaman Ryan Samuel Donavan, using an SA 80 rifle, shot and murdered Lt Cdr Ian Molyneux in the control room of <i>Astute</i>. He also attempted to murder Lt Cdr Christopher Hodge (who was shot through the body), PO Christopher Brown and CPO David McCoy. He fired six shots before being wrestled to the deck by visiting City Council Leader Royston Smith and Chief Executive Alistair Neill.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On 20 July 2016, <i>Ambush</i> sustained damage to the top of her conning tower during a collision with a merchant ship while surfacing on an exercise in Gibraltarian waters. It was reported that no crew members were injured during the collision and that the submarine's nuclear reactor section remained undamaged.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Boats_in_the_class">Boats in the class</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astute-class_submarine&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Boats in the class"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Navy_120126-N-WL435-305_First_Sea_Lord_and_Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_of_the_Royal_Navy_Adm._Sir_Mark_Stanhope,_left,_and_Chief_of_Naval_Operation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/US_Navy_120126-N-WL435-305_First_Sea_Lord_and_Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_of_the_Royal_Navy_Adm._Sir_Mark_Stanhope%2C_left%2C_and_Chief_of_Naval_Operation.jpg/220px-US_Navy_120126-N-WL435-305_First_Sea_Lord_and_Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_of_the_Royal_Navy_Adm._Sir_Mark_Stanhope%2C_left%2C_and_Chief_of_Naval_Operation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/US_Navy_120126-N-WL435-305_First_Sea_Lord_and_Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_of_the_Royal_Navy_Adm._Sir_Mark_Stanhope%2C_left%2C_and_Chief_of_Naval_Operation.jpg/330px-US_Navy_120126-N-WL435-305_First_Sea_Lord_and_Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_of_the_Royal_Navy_Adm._Sir_Mark_Stanhope%2C_left%2C_and_Chief_of_Naval_Operation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/US_Navy_120126-N-WL435-305_First_Sea_Lord_and_Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_of_the_Royal_Navy_Adm._Sir_Mark_Stanhope%2C_left%2C_and_Chief_of_Naval_Operation.jpg/440px-US_Navy_120126-N-WL435-305_First_Sea_Lord_and_Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_of_the_Royal_Navy_Adm._Sir_Mark_Stanhope%2C_left%2C_and_Chief_of_Naval_Operation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>The UK <a href="/wiki/First_Sea_Lord" title="First Sea Lord">First Sea Lord</a>, <a href="/wiki/Admiral_(Royal_Navy)" title="Admiral (Royal Navy)">Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Stanhope" title="Mark Stanhope">Stanhope</a> (left), and US <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Naval_Operations" title="Chief of Naval Operations">Chief of Naval Operations</a>, Admiral <a href="/wiki/Greenert" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenert">Jonathan Greenert</a> (centre), are briefed by the CO Cmdr Iain Brekenridge (right) on the capabilities of <i>Astute</i> during the joint exercise Fellowship 2012 between <i>Astute</i> and <a href="/wiki/USS_New_Mexico_(SSN-779)" title="USS New Mexico (SSN-779)"><i>New Mexico</i></a></figcaption></figure> <p>The names <i>Astute</i>, <i>Ambush</i> and <i>Artful</i> were last given to <a href="/wiki/Amphion-class_submarine" title="Amphion-class submarine"><i>Amphion</i>-class</a> submarines that entered service towards the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. <i>Audacious</i>, <i>Anson</i>, <i>Agamemnon</i> and <i>Agincourt</i> were all names used by battleships that served in the First or Second World Wars. </p> <table class="wikitable" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Pennant No. </th> <th>Builder </th> <th>Laid down </th> <th>Launched </th> <th>Commissioned </th> <th>Status </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/HMS_Astute_(S119)" title="HMS Astute (S119)"><i>Astute</i></a> </td> <td>S119 </td> <td rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Submarines" title="BAE Systems Submarines">BAE Systems<br />Submarines</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Barrow-in-Furness" title="Barrow-in-Furness">Barrow-in-Furness</a> </td> <td>31 January 2001 </td> <td>8 June 2007<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>27 August 2010<sup id="cite_ref-royal_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-royal-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>In active service </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/HMS_Ambush_(S120)" title="HMS Ambush (S120)"><i>Ambush</i></a> </td> <td>S120 </td> <td>22 October 2003 </td> <td>6 January 2011<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1 March 2013<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>In active service </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/HMS_Artful_(S121)" title="HMS Artful (S121)"><i>Artful</i></a> </td> <td>S121 </td> <td>11 March 2005 </td> <td>17 May 2014<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>18 March 2016<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>In active service </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/HMS_Audacious_(S122)" title="HMS Audacious (S122)"><i>Audacious</i></a> </td> <td>S122 </td> <td>24 March 2009 </td> <td>28 April 2017<sup id="cite_ref-Hansard20170427_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hansard20170427-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>3 April 2020<sup id="cite_ref-AudaciousCommission_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AudaciousCommission-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>In active service </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/HMS_Anson_(S123)" title="HMS Anson (S123)"><i>Anson</i></a> </td> <td>S123 </td> <td>13 October 2011 </td> <td>20 April 2021<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>31 August 2022<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-schedule_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schedule-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>In active service </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/HMS_Agamemnon_(S123)" title="HMS Agamemnon (S123)"><i>Agamemnon</i></a> </td> <td>S124 </td> <td>18 July 2013 </td> <td>3 October 2024<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><i>Projected late 2025</i><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-schedule_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schedule-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Royal_Navy's_Astute_class_subma_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Royal_Navy's_Astute_class_subma-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>pre-sea trial testing </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/HMS_Agincourt_(S125)" title="HMS Agincourt (S125)"><i>Agincourt</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>S125 </td> <td>14 May 2018<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td><i>Projected late 2026</i><sup id="cite_ref-schedule_59-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schedule-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Royal_Navy's_Astute_class_subma_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Royal_Navy's_Astute_class_subma-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Under construction </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astute-class_submarine&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_submarines_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of submarines of the Royal Navy">List of submarines of the Royal Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_submarine_classes_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of submarine classes of the Royal Navy">List of submarine classes of the Royal Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_submarine_classes_in_service" title="List of submarine classes in service">List of submarine classes in service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy_Submarine_Service" title="Royal Navy Submarine Service">Royal Navy Submarine Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="Future of the Royal Navy">Future of the Royal Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruise_missile_submarine" class="mw-redirect" title="Cruise missile submarine">Cruise missile submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_submarine" title="Attack submarine">Attack submarine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astute-class_submarine&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-AudaciousCommission-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AudaciousCommission_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A parliamentary written answer stated that <i>Audacious</i> was commissioned on 3 April 2020,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but she was ceremonially commissioned on 23 September 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astute-class_submarine&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Steve_Bush_2014-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Steve_Bush_2014_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Steve_Bush_2014_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Steve_Bush_2014_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Steve_Bush_2014_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Steve_Bush_2014_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Steve_Bush_2014_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Steve_Bush_2014_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBush2014" class="citation book cs1">Bush, Steve (2014). <i>British Warships and Auxiliaries</i>. Maritime Books. pp. 10–11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1904459552" title="Special:BookSources/978-1904459552"><bdi>978-1904459552</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Warships+and+Auxiliaries&rft.pages=10-11&rft.pub=Maritime+Books&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1904459552&rft.aulast=Bush&rft.aufirst=Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstute-class+submarine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AstuteRN-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AstuteRN_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AstuteRN_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AstuteRN_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AstuteRN_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AstuteRN_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AstuteRN_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AstuteRN_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AstuteRN_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AstuteRN_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/the-equipment/submarines/attack-submarines/astute-class">"Astute-class attack submarines"</a>. <i>royalnavy.mod.uk</i>. Royal Navy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190720070624/https://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/the-equipment/submarines/fleet-submarines/astute-class">Archived</a> from the original on 20 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=baesystems.com&rft.atitle=BAE+Systems+-+Astute+class+submarines&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baesystems.com%2Fen%2Fproduct%2Fastute-class-submarines-enhanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstute-class+submarine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceNews/EquipmentAndLogistics/UksMostPowerfulSubmarineJoinsTheNavy.htm">"UK's most powerful submarine joins the Navy"</a>. Ministry of Defence. 27 August 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110414103845/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceNews/EquipmentAndLogistics/UksMostPowerfulSubmarineJoinsTheNavy.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UK%27s+most+powerful+submarine+joins+the+Navy&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Defence&rft.date=2010-08-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mod.uk%2FDefenceInternet%2FDefenceNews%2FEquipmentAndLogistics%2FUksMostPowerfulSubmarineJoinsTheNavy.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstute-class+submarine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38weapons-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-38weapons_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-38weapons_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/astute-versus-virginia-which-nuclear-powered-sub-is-the-best-fit-for-australia/">"Astute versus Virginia: which nuclear-powered sub is the best fit for Australia?"</a>. <i>The Strategist</i>. 25 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211223142909/https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/astute-versus-virginia-which-nuclear-powered-sub-is-the-best-fit-for-australia/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Strategist&rft.atitle=Astute+versus+Virginia%3A+which+nuclear-powered+sub+is+the+best+fit+for+Australia%3F&rft.date=2021-11-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aspistrategist.org.au%2Fastute-versus-virginia-which-nuclear-powered-sub-is-the-best-fit-for-australia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstute-class+submarine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NT-ASTUTE-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NT-ASTUTE_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.naval-technology.com/projects/astute/">"Naval Technology — SSN Astute Class project details"</a>. naval-technology.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180701224506/https://www.naval-technology.com/projects/astute/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Naval+Technology+%E2%80%94+SSN+Astute+Class+project+details&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naval-technology.com%2Fprojects%2Fastute%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstute-class+submarine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Astute_launch-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Astute_launch_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6733777.stm">"New UK nuclear submarine launched"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 8 June 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070618113755/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6733777.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 18 June 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=New+UK+nuclear+submarine+launched&rft.date=2007-06-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk%2F6733777.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstute-class+submarine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMr._Kenneth_Carlisle1991" class="citation book cs1">Mr. Kenneth Carlisle (4 July 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/1991-07-04/debates/5912ce42-44b7-47e8-9ca9-de3bd8450495/Nuclear-PoweredSubmarines?highlight=ssn20#contribution-ffcb9a53-a6eb-4c6c-aae9-e93138230430">"Nuclear-Powered Submarines"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2011</span>. <q>Recommendation ... on-board accommodation standards and quality of life issues are thoroughly addressed in order to avoid the mistakes made with the <i>Astute</i> class.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Defence+Nuclear+Programme+Human+Resources+Study+-+An+Audit+by+Defence+Operational+Capability&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Defence&rft.date=2010-07-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whatdotheyknow.com%2Frequest%2F52005%2Fresponse%2F144718%2Fattach%2F6%2FPdf%2520DOC%2520Audit%2520Redacted.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstute-class+submarine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/hms-astute-arrives-home-from-us-sea-trials--2">"HMS Astute arrives home from US sea trials - Announcements - GOV.UK"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160918032321/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/hms-astute-arrives-home-from-us-sea-trials--2">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HMS+Ambush+Officially+Welcomed+into+The+Royal+Navy&rft.pub=Royal+Navy&rft.date=2013-03-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalnavy.mod.uk%2FNews-and-Events%2FLatest-News%2F2013%2FMarch%2F01%2F130301-HMS-Ambush-Officially-Welcomed-Into-The-Royal-Navy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstute-class+submarine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baesystems.com/enhancedarticle/BAES_167121/artful-launched?from=homepage-rzz">"Home - BAE Systems - International"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923191704/http://www.baesystems.com/enhancedarticle/BAES_167121/artful-launched?from=homepage-rzz">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home+-+BAE+Systems+-+International&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baesystems.com%2Fenhancedarticle%2FBAES_167121%2Fartful-launched%3Ffrom%3Dhomepage-rzz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstute-class+submarine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/news-and-latest-activity/news/2016/march/18/160318-hms-artful">"HMS Artful becomes a commissioned warship"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HMS+Artful+becomes+a+commissioned+warship&rft.pub=Royal+Navy&rft.date=2016-03-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalnavy.mod.uk%2Fnews-and-latest-activity%2Fnews%2F2016%2Fmarch%2F18%2F160318-hms-artful&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstute-class+submarine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hansard20170427-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hansard20170427_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nwemail.co.uk/news/barrow/Easy-does-it-awe-inspiring-sight-of-fourth-Astute-class-boat-to-leave-DDH-in-Barrow-attracts-onlookers-5cc3de9f-980d-4274-be57-08386d44b071-ds">"Fourth Astute Boat Leaves DDH"</a>. <i>North West Evening Mail</i>. 27 April 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170902184325/http://www.nwemail.co.uk/news/barrow/Easy-does-it-awe-inspiring-sight-of-fourth-Astute-class-boat-to-leave-DDH-in-Barrow-attracts-onlookers-5cc3de9f-980d-4274-be57-08386d44b071-ds">Archived</a> from the original on 2 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=North+West+Evening+Mail&rft.atitle=Fourth+Astute+Boat+Leaves+DDH&rft.date=2017-04-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nwemail.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbarrow%2FEasy-does-it-awe-inspiring-sight-of-fourth-Astute-class-boat-to-leave-DDH-in-Barrow-attracts-onlookers-5cc3de9f-980d-4274-be57-08386d44b071-ds&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstute-class+submarine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/written-questions-answers-statements/written-question/Lords/2020-04-29/HL3735/">"Ministry of Defence Astute Class Submarines"</a>. <i>parliament.uk</i>. UK Hansard. 29 April 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200713142212/https://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/written-questions-answers-statements/written-question/Lords/2020-04-29/HL3735/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2022</span>. <q>HMS AUDACIOUS was commissioned into the Royal Navy on 3 April 2020</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=parliament.uk&rft.atitle=Ministry+of+Defence+Astute+Class+Submarines&rft.date=2020-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.uk%2Fbusiness%2Fpublications%2Fwritten-questions-answers-statements%2Fwritten-question%2FLords%2F2020-04-29%2FHL3735%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstute-class+submarine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoyal_Navy_in_Scotland2021" class="citation web cs1">Royal Navy in Scotland (23 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/RNinScotland/status/1441033142991794176">"The fourth @RoyalNavy #Astute-class #submarine, HMS Audacious, has been ceremonially commissioned into the fleet"</a>. <i>Twitter</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210923201828/https://twitter.com/RNinScotland/status/1441033142991794176">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Twitter&rft.atitle=The+fourth+%40RoyalNavy+%23Astute-class+%23submarine%2C+HMS+Audacious%2C+has+been+ceremonially+commissioned+into+the+fleet.&rft.date=2021-09-23&rft.au=Royal+Navy+in+Scotland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FRNinScotland%2Fstatus%2F1441033142991794176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstute-class+submarine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baesystems.com/en/article/fifth-state-of-the-art-astute-submarine-is-launched">"Fifth state-of-the-art Astute submarine is launched"</a>. <i>BAE Systems</i>. 20 April 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210420172010/https://www.baesystems.com/en/article/fifth-state-of-the-art-astute-submarine-is-launched">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BAE+Systems&rft.atitle=Fifth+state-of-the-art+Astute+submarine+is+launched&rft.date=2021-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baesystems.com%2Fen%2Farticle%2Ffifth-state-of-the-art-astute-submarine-is-launched&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstute-class+submarine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cumbriacrack.com/2022/08/31/boris-johnson-gives-speech-at-bae-systems-in-barrow/">"Boris Johnson visits BAE Systems in Barrow - cumbriacrack.com"</a>. 31 August 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327134516/https://cumbriacrack.com/2022/08/31/boris-johnson-gives-speech-at-bae-systems-in-barrow/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boris+Johnson+visits+BAE+Systems+in+Barrow+-+cumbriacrack.com&rft.date=2022-08-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcumbriacrack.com%2F2022%2F08%2F31%2Fboris-johnson-gives-speech-at-bae-systems-in-barrow%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstute-class+submarine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-schedule-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-schedule_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schedule_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schedule_59-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/written-questions-answers-statements/written-question/Commons/2020-01-30/10350/">"Ministry of Defence HMS Audacious"</a>. <i>parliament.uk</i>. UK Hansard. 6 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215132407/https://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/written-questions-answers-statements/written-question/Commons/2020-01-30/10350/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=parliament.uk&rft.atitle=Ministry+of+Defence+HMS+Audacious&rft.date=2020-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.uk%2Fbusiness%2Fpublications%2Fwritten-questions-answers-statements%2Fwritten-question%2FCommons%2F2020-01-30%2F10350%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstute-class+submarine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/news/2024/october/03/20241003-hail-the-warrior-king-as-submarine-hms-agamemnon-is-launched">"Hail the Warrior King as submarine HMS Agamemnon is launched"</a>. <i>Royal Navy</i>. 2 October 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal+Navy&rft.atitle=Hail+the+Warrior+King+as+submarine+HMS+Agamemnon+is+launched&rft.date=2024-10-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalnavy.mod.uk%2Fnews%2F2024%2Foctober%2F03%2F20241003-hail-the-warrior-king-as-submarine-hms-agamemnon-is-launched&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstute-class+submarine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.navylookout.com/6th-astute-class-submarine-hms-agamemnon-rolled-out-of-the-build-hall/">"6th Astute class submarine HMS Agamemnon rolled out of the build hall"</a>. <i>Navy Lookout</i>. 1 October 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Navy+Lookout&rft.atitle=6th+Astute+class+submarine+HMS+Agamemnon+rolled+out+of+the+build+hall&rft.date=2024-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.navylookout.com%2F6th-astute-class-submarine-hms-agamemnon-rolled-out-of-the-build-hall%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstute-class+submarine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Royal_Navy's_Astute_class_subma-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Royal_Navy's_Astute_class_subma_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Royal_Navy's_Astute_class_subma_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.navylookout.com/the-royal-navys-astute-class-submarines-part-1-development-and-delivery/">"The Royal Navy's Astute class submarines: Part 1 – development and delivery"</a>. <i>Navy Lookout</i>. 9 January 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230109074926/https://www.navylookout.com/the-royal-navys-astute-class-submarines-part-1-development-and-delivery/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Navy+Lookout&rft.atitle=The+Royal+Navy%27s+Astute+class+submarines%3A+Part+1+%E2%80%93+development+and+delivery&rft.date=2023-01-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.navylookout.com%2Fthe-royal-navys-astute-class-submarines-part-1-development-and-delivery%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstute-class+submarine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-44102308">"Royal Navy nuclear submarines to get £2.5bn boost"</a>. 14 May 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180514033537/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-44102308">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Royal+Navy+nuclear+submarines+to+get+%C2%A32.5bn+boost&rft.date=2018-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-44102308&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstute-class+submarine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNavy" class="citation web cs1">Navy, Royal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/our-organisation/the-fighting-arms/submarine-service/fleet-submarines/astute-class/hms-agincourt">"HMS Agincourt | Royal Navy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221003172631/https://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/our-organisation/the-fighting-arms/submarine-service/fleet-submarines/astute-class/hms-agincourt">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HMS+Agincourt+%26%23124%3B+Royal+Navy&rft.aulast=Navy&rft.aufirst=Royal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalnavy.mod.uk%2Four-organisation%2Fthe-fighting-arms%2Fsubmarine-service%2Ffleet-submarines%2Fastute-class%2Fhms-agincourt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAstute-class+submarine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astute-class_submarine&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Astute_class_submarine" title="Template:Astute class submarine"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Astute_class_submarine" title="Template talk:Astute class submarine"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Astute_class_submarine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Astute class submarine"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Astute-class_submarines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Astute</i>-class submarines</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Astute_(S119)" title="HMS Astute (S119)"><i>Astute</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Ambush_(S120)" title="HMS Ambush (S120)"><i>Ambush</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Artful_(S121)" title="HMS Artful (S121)"><i>Artful</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Audacious_(S122)" title="HMS Audacious (S122)"><i>Audacious</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Anson_(S123)" title="HMS Anson (S123)"><i>Anson</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Agamemnon_(S123)" title="HMS Agamemnon (S123)"><i>Agamemnon</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Agincourt_(S125)" title="HMS Agincourt (S125)"><i>Agincourt</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Preceded by: <a href="/wiki/Trafalgar-class_submarine" title="Trafalgar-class submarine"><i>Trafalgar</i> class</a></li> <li>Followed by: <a href="/wiki/AUKUS-class_submarine" class="mw-redirect" title="AUKUS-class submarine"><i>AUKUS</i> class</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_submarines_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of submarines of the Royal Navy">List of submarines of the Royal Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_submarine_classes_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of submarine classes of the Royal Navy">List of submarine classes of the Royal Navy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="UK_submarine_classes_after_1945" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UK_submarine_classes_after_1945" title="Template:UK submarine classes after 1945"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:UK_submarine_classes_after_1945" title="Template talk:UK submarine classes after 1945"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UK_submarine_classes_after_1945" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UK submarine classes after 1945"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="UK_submarine_classes_after_1945" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">UK submarine classes after 1945</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Nuclear-powered <a href="/wiki/Ballistic_missile_submarine" title="Ballistic missile submarine">ballistic missile submarines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Resolution-class_submarine" title="Resolution-class submarine"><i>Resolution</i> class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard-class_submarine" title="Vanguard-class submarine"><i>Vanguard</i> class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreadnought-class_submarine" title="Dreadnought-class submarine"><i>Dreadnought</i> class</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Nuclear-powered <a href="/wiki/Attack_submarine" title="Attack submarine">attack submarines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Dreadnought_(S101)" title="HMS Dreadnought (S101)"><i>Dreadnought</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valiant-class_submarine" title="Valiant-class submarine"><i>Valiant</i> class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churchill-class_submarine" title="Churchill-class submarine"><i>Churchill</i> class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiftsure-class_submarine" title="Swiftsure-class submarine"><i>Swiftsure</i> class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafalgar-class_submarine" title="Trafalgar-class submarine"><i>Trafalgar</i> class</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Astute</i> class</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Conventional-powered attack submarines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphion-class_submarine" title="Amphion-class submarine"><i>Amphion</i> class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Porpoise-class_submarine" title="British Porpoise-class submarine"><i>Porpoise</i> class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberon-class_submarine" title="Oberon-class submarine"><i>Oberon</i> class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upholder/Victoria-class_submarine" title="Upholder/Victoria-class submarine"><i>Upholder</i> class</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Experimental submarines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Meteorite" title="HMS Meteorite"><i>Meteorite</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer-class_submarine" title="Explorer-class submarine"><i>Explorer</i> class</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Midget_submarine" title="Midget submarine">Midget submarines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stickleback-class_submarine" title="Stickleback-class submarine"><i>Stickleback</i> class</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Rescue submarines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/LR5" title="LR5">LR5</a></i><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>S</dt> <dd>Single boat of class</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_submarines_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of submarines of the Royal Navy">List of submarines of the Royal Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_submarine_classes_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of submarine classes of the Royal Navy">List of submarine classes of the Royal Navy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Current_and_planned_classes_of_nuclear-powered_attack_submarines" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Current_SSN" title="Template:Current SSN"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Current_SSN" title="Template talk:Current SSN"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_SSN" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Current SSN"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Current_and_planned_classes_of_nuclear-powered_attack_submarines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Current and planned classes of nuclear-powered attack submarines</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Naval_Ensign_of_Australia.svg/30px-Naval_Ensign_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Naval_Ensign_of_Australia.svg/45px-Naval_Ensign_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Naval_Ensign_of_Australia.svg/60px-Naval_Ensign_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Navy" title="Royal Australian Navy">Royal Australian Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia-class_submarine" title="Virginia-class submarine"><i>Virginia</i></a> (planned)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSN-AUKUS" title="SSN-AUKUS">SSN-AUKUS</a> (planned)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Navy" title="Brazilian Navy">Brazilian Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_submarine_%C3%81lvaro_Alberto" title="Brazilian submarine Álvaro Alberto"><i>Álvaro Alberto</i></a> (under construction)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Naval_Ensign_of_China.svg/19px-Naval_Ensign_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Naval_Ensign_of_China.svg/29px-Naval_Ensign_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Naval_Ensign_of_China.svg/38px-Naval_Ensign_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy" title="People's Liberation Army Navy">People's Liberation Army Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Type_091_submarine" title="Type 091 submarine">Type 09-I</a> (Han)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_093_submarine" title="Type 093 submarine">Type 09-III</a> (Shang)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_095_submarine" title="Type 095 submarine">Type 09-V</a> (planned)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ensign_of_France.svg/23px-Ensign_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ensign_of_France.svg/35px-Ensign_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ensign_of_France.svg/45px-Ensign_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rubis-class_submarine" title="Rubis-class submarine"><i>Rubis</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barracuda-class_submarine_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barracuda-class submarine (France)">Barracuda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/30px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/45px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/60px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Indian Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Project_75_Alpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Project 75 Alpha">Project 75 Alpha</a> (planned)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg/23px-Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg/35px-Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg/45px-Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russian_Navy" title="Russian Navy">Russian Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor-class_submarine" title="Victor-class submarine">Victor III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra-class_submarine" title="Sierra-class submarine">Sierra I & II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akula-class_submarine" title="Akula-class submarine"><i>Akula</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasen-class_submarine" title="Yasen-class submarine">Yasen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khabarovsk-class_submarine" title="Khabarovsk-class submarine"><i>Khabarovsk</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laika-class_submarine" title="Laika-class submarine">Laika</a> (planned)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/30px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/45px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/60px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trafalgar-class_submarine" title="Trafalgar-class submarine"><i>Trafalgar</i></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Astute</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSN-AUKUS" title="SSN-AUKUS">SSN-AUKUS</a> (planned)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/29px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/57px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles-class_submarine" title="Los Angeles-class submarine"><i>Los Angeles</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seawolf-class_submarine" title="Seawolf-class submarine"><i>Seawolf</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia-class_submarine" title="Virginia-class submarine"><i>Virginia</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSN(X)-class_submarine" title="SSN(X)-class submarine">SSN(X)</a> (planned)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Astute-class_submarine&oldid=1254320211">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Astute-class_submarine&oldid=1254320211</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Astute-class_submarines" title="Category:Astute-class submarines">Astute-class submarines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:BAE_Systems" title="Category:BAE Systems">BAE Systems</a></li><li><a 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