CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '914cf9f14f765f32',cH: 'qtNdA8W2C7w5M3Q0MTZEftuSEwOVoqYY.he_U7RV1T8-1740038566-1.2.1.1-FDz2MweuaVXMn1kCkIAZb8fnp9wwh5EcLxs50i9YcpN.vGN.cigbGtimUfbBLft1',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=concrete%20durability&__cf_chl_tk=Vl.MY6mGj8ZYk6hzRuHcgakza2VgsxwirqfEcjuoqIY-1740038566-1.0.1.1-C3UZTebvgkmib4Ptz5EWKAF8nQG1JMQegQ4MJjgspZI",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1740038566',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "unsupported-browser",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=concrete%20durability&__cf_chl_f_tk=Vl.MY6mGj8ZYk6hzRuHcgakza2VgsxwirqfEcjuoqIY-1740038566-1.0.1.1-C3UZTebvgkmib4Ptz5EWKAF8nQG1JMQegQ4MJjgspZI",md: "TJGNilTJseBuXBi89AAy9dOGwiLilWdUMPUDoFUpoHQ-1740038566-1.2.1.1-6RaWm4c4Zs2zUYwSeq7key.m0yVXLkgI1T2jSzus.lYWLqalqlUM14yoG.LI7AVjJ8UImE1uzdAFVwaYXuGDE11NaWQ3rsZ2MEdAh6De4L1bHuUUtgymf6rorhALyLgZcXG1MKxiXDVxzMRIDZkwvNTYetEIs_Aubg.GwrnO20ePyDjg1Ouu_7g1vUjDKf20yZ2yzd._pvqO1B2uzh7znLWP8EJs7_yHxc7._nGf0F5N4W1dntN1yysVYpzfcM7idaWfVxvBLeuxRf4Gcn7iO0XvJ614y.ZzJ_zn0vnvObJ3f83SjXHMaRyxVuw_WdE0NfeWj_YTgz3nHJfYER7uSIMdPbjl3n7NRjW1Q3vTetcJ7tcm1vLkqS5.KiIkj4PS3oGaKBapHbat0mVftv0XiullsF1L9tGZCTVG5cOtwiVxJE5Pf2Y1lvnWEA5rcZ9y7sXKxWFqANj0uHSP8ndivfJ0OgNsRPh9IOQJZL0lKC_8laL96r97fpZX_HcZiBvBcd2qPt62Ez.ZmvWb74z.aO6mXENf05xYHtgeRKDQBwJjjnnM6DqQSOPJV28S4jyRPsIg7jwRNZ.vJJqR7ExPNFdU5dGIYTJ62QFbk92E0Y3zWzzEXCORg34XAYSv51mTLdQAH1CqBrnNIG5fBARtmYTkHubTzOg16vuwI2Qj4EbyCAymQcrqb2e6uGgiUMZhsNJ2JH5F1IAqvOfVseq3mkd7vlkpykuDi2ohfGAUsPwM.2R97n90SBSkybaGgcWMB51GXvufR7hBQWCiVlLSrlmUZTftlLFlmmdq5cMgiSQlq.l1eF1VdoVt7PYOBGysYs8ElTXZreefssFCESsjW1kkryZ8Ppqqy.qDEh6diMX4I5VwVil2SYc_CFOPGKytAxR8Fe62BgIIPuLqpnyMIyJONF5qS3Uj0N6_U.mQHHd2X9LNoguE2kQyCjfgYYGyOdzCWE40yiRIEwP1ApOKE6Eg5c4L5Gh0uEFZnCRaNBjju83s7IVRLrEQr2g7rQK6CpnqNiauljt_LwY8lr6gCkAmq6gBflRwLp3w1OKDzmIxShE7sWZTF1CTwCOBoFvwMhqGsWRT_LdYcWZ2R4D1DlsElKoncTQLUzAV84v69uHRGmlfMEHegbt9zy.hhShxZUWOmPDmFYATMjIcyzjE0b4PY36GmmswpgvuKw583bC1IcGts2N0jnBCezm0lQqTr4_f2CB_gNo8MIXEyIrftOQDY5vCoausKJxsmUbtXoTk2h2kW_uteJMZoLpvWaOeyzA7UExMzfYLBny6Aw.tGrvtcaUVxPb7rhCAkhKaapa9b.bASo6Y9c.EB9InQ6jipygLqj6kg_U7GM7bLVHKDpQ_zvwBYxDh744PpbLLqhwd13XuIYC_Th2nYQyrrXXlUwlaktGMdIHFz2_Rdi05ENimAA8s8.w.jHubfIWWox5lxj_tZTNv_Rv2t0D3JtSCYsZw9.mteDlwCczwr.wYYLMJ2jyLFPmrXiH_QqidyDpqsBBn4L_UyWOEmQiP0gzPxvHR3Uw4RWnLo6TweLrPObSJwJVygY5l7uYNcYjHK8DqArU.kGAfbar56pHdPA752dTAekmt7lhtLNs9fygc.6AwB7zr4Cagfda72w8AoTax7wQ_c1fja2ib30Xl6_5OskTmSCeZhSBp9okZWLTv_UsPzUeCM1zY4ODO.nwtE2RDUDvAiEg5kM5DaM7ADTZPp2ZZrng8HDXUbzmF_.bTEAXyhd.zLEGgssMB.hbjh.clxlzo7DTe8u5x8L2YcBnyVoybmom9aGDAPSBf2AliH8XuS6oYz1PEsf_2deguIlu2zhs68bA3DqrW5YnMjfeyvUjycEQLrJ5SbSWRX.m5PprGI7o_aGgfDWfpVtv_.kT32p3wynnWpf74TEDkMJT0_3EIISURlHvAgKI7rpfPgAwjPGztJbqWVoqtw9jF1Xv1VwJ2di5TOJxJy_Sdfk2x",mdrd: "7yDtx3SkAwC1IZjmTer9ndSsPNPFJQue.q.2Hm37.RY-1740038566-1.2.1.1-MHRSr5m.tjZF2EzVO8GNFgiMSQw63C3UkFF0BvdAfCHM3VPacN8ksH1jcr_PrIRGSQilEdAP3q1mVH2Cc9O30o52q7KCePPzQMd0YxcV6mcK1csPNiTsNG2bMW01iuK2of1lBYjEspQ6Z1.uP8yfiIQSXwZK.WVV5iFXz5zvhwpA8SOJ8RamEevdoTRAE5Facu6.FTDr2YnD0Wq4v5JVcP8lhUtIdPsnNUh2cNIbjwt8hHEKJMtAotIckc.WeVnil0YtyaTUmorz_hiJpGocMGT3Fx3EgABjfiNXvNMxWROHgVSYzixVXsa0p9Y9imuC98WMBCNdZ6HQHsqMW8ad0CBxq6_AQgOU1n89_kB9XdSFVFVCD3JYxhkFpUU.i6BizBOKiX5rWcGQEvv31SFML12KDdSqlAiRqzwVnF.OCO2s45OCqmaPRfWI5cN9ebVN_VDaFwd3ii2SKA3XG5hOP54twpzxj8M3HCEfr427dafNRSvHei_FHZ.pLiHnROuFgG1H7bA4JOtvtlsQafJO7TrKvpyZCwJZASI8VYtYibVV.Oas6KN7lwFEeXSncoSX9aXsHoLxig7YDIFMnLI9GOokwWYqlG9tj7s3YPgXTulPJcpowTAXIfv08E52Iad_eKIXtbJP07qgJolvsOjYMYuSeTzNlwPNcDotlQORnoeY8FfpD7flfTySWN0vhD7.4ZOUiwvnPZ_Moj21IAQLxPhIjvz06rbbfN.XI3YINOF4M8hKbqalQxLbvrMMjI2RUGZS5GUr.rm6MMKO3maf4GnI9fgzUepOeRZRgZpXIH4SyY5ccG2dNmDTzcmnManJfHxVTKguMXWmgj3fI2_IpDSQf3PskYgZrN3n1cdaiJT7w2JRSkR68qtvo2on0b3BA8s3ZTjp4C.qZbp.x3hyWCVbsn7wOvPNnrXB5IeRBgSkGrGoZir8i4qohIvt9bEEXxKJBQRJ0PXBTF98Ca.X3J2hAnGjYlEclvq064PZQ5fYu1nQQ6NsJZtyh35zOJ0uncWZIil2_Womk6EyludGSmLAwAzVBqPSuSXsOKrbE1tKgcDcm..LVFNnczRlCg1M5apFJf4p48YOr99JwAySjClSk3POpbbcHfbMFzN5zwpMkwn501.7nOKgjKK5wV5.g6jOh0hF2RQkFCZ5la5.odw549pYvTr8H8AEYMO.oO7.uERLi7JvZDPFJS40YAyHfk5jJp99XFXJ8VsUAWWA.N2VmLFRil4z.1kNwA0U2NrEgR0Rq8jVRRVZMonWBqo2QiqEf.OfbLRNqIuqX9zYA2zFX78CimkyOMYClSJnhFA4ZYm2YTkL_sBoJVzCokvLv36h0ie1F9JsbhXW1G93eDrpGnQGEqLgTsNRnN7VBz14ZWsg372puJQktcm_YxRmc3CfUWGm2MqLjkb5uTBn81H.8hSFjWkN3xXs9MuMBtV8vIU60cZx7..UEZUOwU3L9xxh2dMKJvEQU4lOYXaMEOGxksAxzWnn81ESPqfGmll6qrG81fgbmPSY1M6UTzHjC2zW89pV_.jIKT_8lbj3F37mxtD3PaUvZuAVbSkGQdltWtLIOt9Nmq_ucjK3Iy5Ii0tl2DZ7iC6GSo6OKvouK3h.X1YdAoJ3Eq9fHlvMTy8JZ.0YuZW50kP2NXMuRGYjRLDBfq9yZ0orvc6fJogsworyAEgc6xsBEJKjbe4zF3d4.gsMnzhxVlNotgHxlF1cjTEMFdEfZQL.EfId2Mq3t7823F6xHXi94Jvu5XgIwCeH15ihZu_iayAaXQSY2z.NTr7MUccIrl3LkswN6wAeOhG3AUzC57YX5KVBMcC8ImfFF1EliDgTLBwVx5zgnP01scelgV9PAgkLSBmZ9CuT4wBDXmHAhh3usQ__E0cZucMSsrQpESn0LpGBzu_QjDRWsa3t0_yWjzhbX1yuZTRQaOW.NvwgSnVsf0lZrwuZ8XR3P8w.ZNSx_STliNCMA79AmvN81ldolwrEmTg8.8XXfw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=914cf9f14f765f32';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=concrete%20durability&__cf_chl_rt_tk=Vl.MY6mGj8ZYk6hzRuHcgakza2VgsxwirqfEcjuoqIY-1740038566-1.0.1.1-C3UZTebvgkmib4Ptz5EWKAF8nQG1JMQegQ4MJjgspZI" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>