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Chroniques - Actualités, vidéos et infos en direct
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href="https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2025/03/25/du-venezuela-a-l-iran-donald-trump-s-en-prend-aux-interets-de-la-chine-bien-en-peine-de-repondre_6585979_3234.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/25/0/2/3963/2642/360/0/95/0/31457d7_sirius-fs-upload-1-pfyr3q91k2go-1742890443622-capture-da-ei-cran-2025-03-25-ai-09-13-53.png 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/25/0/2/3963/2642/180/0/95/0/31457d7_sirius-fs-upload-1-pfyr3q91k2go-1742890443622-capture-da-ei-cran-2025-03-25-ai-09-13-53.png" width="180" height="120" alt="Une raffinerie de la compagnie nationale du Venezuela, à Maracaibo (Venezuela), le 11 juillet 2024."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/25/0/2/3963/2642/360/0/95/0/31457d7_sirius-fs-upload-1-pfyr3q91k2go-1742890443622-capture-da-ei-cran-2025-03-25-ai-09-13-53.png 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/25/0/2/3963/2642/180/0/95/0/31457d7_sirius-fs-upload-1-pfyr3q91k2go-1742890443622-capture-da-ei-cran-2025-03-25-ai-09-13-53.png" alt="Une raffinerie de la compagnie nationale du Venezuela, à Maracaibo (Venezuela), le 11 juillet 2024."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Économie</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Article réservé aux abonnés</span> </span><p class="article__title">Du Venezuela à l’Iran, Donald Trump s’en prend aux intérêts de la Chine, bien en peine de répondre</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2025/03/24/beaucoup-de-figures-de-la-silicon-valley-ont-vu-l-election-de-donald-trump-comme-une-opportunite_6585289_3234.html" data-suggestion> <div 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figures de la Silicon Valley ont vu l’élection de Donald Trump comme une opportunité »</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2025/03/25/purge-de-l-administration-arret-de-l-immigration-face-a-ces-vents-contraires-l-economie-americaine-chancelle_6586003_3234.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/25/2/0/4000/2666/360/0/95/0/ecb98b1_sirius-fs-upload-1-wr6o08khyrn6-1742899331297-000-36yz8nc.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/25/2/0/4000/2666/180/0/95/0/ecb98b1_sirius-fs-upload-1-wr6o08khyrn6-1742899331297-000-36yz8nc.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt="Manifestation contre les licenciements dans l’emploi fédéral, à Yosemite (Californie, Etats-Unis), le 1er mars 2025."> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/25/2/0/4000/2666/360/0/95/0/ecb98b1_sirius-fs-upload-1-wr6o08khyrn6-1742899331297-000-36yz8nc.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/25/2/0/4000/2666/180/0/95/0/ecb98b1_sirius-fs-upload-1-wr6o08khyrn6-1742899331297-000-36yz8nc.jpg" alt="Manifestation contre les licenciements dans l’emploi fédéral, à Yosemite (Californie, Etats-Unis), le 1er mars 2025."></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Chronique</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Article réservé aux abonnés</span> </span><p class="article__title">Purge de l’administration, arrêt de l’immigration... « Face à ces vents contraires : l’économie américaine chancelle »</p> <div class="article__author"> <div class="article__author-name">Philippe Escande</div> <div class="article__author-desc"></div> </div> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/03/23/michael-lind-essayiste-americain-trump-s-inscrit-dans-une-tradition-nationaliste-qui-remonte-a-nixon_6585163_3232.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/17/0/23/6454/4303/360/0/95/0/c5ccb4b_ftp-import-images-1-blddvb3nn59g-2025-03-17t205702z-1127183169-rc28fdas0exf-rtrmadp-3-usa-trump.JPG 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/17/0/23/6454/4303/180/0/95/0/c5ccb4b_ftp-import-images-1-blddvb3nn59g-2025-03-17t205702z-1127183169-rc28fdas0exf-rtrmadp-3-usa-trump.JPG" width="180" height="120" alt="Donald Trump à Washington, le 17 mars 2025. "> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/17/0/23/6454/4303/360/0/95/0/c5ccb4b_ftp-import-images-1-blddvb3nn59g-2025-03-17t205702z-1127183169-rc28fdas0exf-rtrmadp-3-usa-trump.JPG 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/17/0/23/6454/4303/180/0/95/0/c5ccb4b_ftp-import-images-1-blddvb3nn59g-2025-03-17t205702z-1127183169-rc28fdas0exf-rtrmadp-3-usa-trump.JPG" alt="Donald Trump à Washington, le 17 mars 2025. "></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">Tribune</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Article réservé aux abonnés</span> </span><p class="article__title">Michael Lind, essayiste américain : « Trump s’inscrit dans une tradition nationaliste qui remonte à Nixon »</p> <div class="article__author"> <div class="article__author-name">Michael Lind</div> <div class="article__author-desc">essayiste</div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Nav__item Nav__item--droppable"> <a href="#" class="Nav__item-link js-dropdown" data-target="Vidéos" role="button" aria-expanded="false" data-lazyload="0">Vidéos</a> <div class="Nav__sub-item js-burger-open"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--left Nav__container--default Nav__container--mobile"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/videos/" class="Nav__sub-title">Vidéos</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/actualite/"> L’actualité </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/eclairages/"> Les explications </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/enquetes-video/"> Enquêtes vidéo </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/les-series/"> Les mini-séries </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="Nav__container Nav__container--right"> <div class="Nav__content Nav__content--media"> <div class="Nav__content-wrapper"> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/international/video/2025/03/23/un-retraite-norvegien-accuse-d-espionnage-raconte-au-monde-ses-missions-passees-en-russie_6585149_3210.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/21/0/126/1620/1080/360/0/95/0/c68fe22_sirius-fs-upload-1-iuhi67m7gk4b-1742573289532-frode-v3-copie.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/21/0/126/1620/1080/180/0/95/0/c68fe22_sirius-fs-upload-1-iuhi67m7gk4b-1742573289532-frode-v3-copie.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt=""> <noscript><img width="180" height="120" srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/21/0/126/1620/1080/360/0/95/0/c68fe22_sirius-fs-upload-1-iuhi67m7gk4b-1742573289532-frode-v3-copie.jpg 2x" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/21/0/126/1620/1080/180/0/95/0/c68fe22_sirius-fs-upload-1-iuhi67m7gk4b-1742573289532-frode-v3-copie.jpg" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </div> <div class="article__kicker">International</div> <span class="icon__premium icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Article réservé aux abonnés</span> </span><p class="article__title">Frode Berg, retraité norvégien accusé d’espionnage en Russie, raconte au « Monde » son arrestation et ses doutes</p> </a> <a class="article article--nav" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/video/2025/03/20/a-betharram-c-etait-la-terreur-le-temoignage-d-alain-esquerre-a-l-assemblee-nationale_6583859_3224.html" data-suggestion> <div class="article__media-container"> <picture class="article__media"> <img class="teaser__media teaser__media--nav js-media-nav" data-lazy-retina="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/20/0/100/1080/720/360/0/95/0/51ba5e0_sirius-fs-upload-1-lnzafewapdiv-1742474810852-2-tei-moignages-de-victimes-de-violences-dans-des-ei-tablissements-scolaires-privei-s-sous-contrat-x-2025-03-20-10-48-mp4-01-09-28-11-still001.jpg 2x" data-lazy="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/20/0/100/1080/720/180/0/95/0/51ba5e0_sirius-fs-upload-1-lnzafewapdiv-1742474810852-2-tei-moignages-de-victimes-de-violences-dans-des-ei-tablissements-scolaires-privei-s-sous-contrat-x-2025-03-20-10-48-mp4-01-09-28-11-still001.jpg" width="180" height="120" alt="Alain Esquerre, porte-parole des victimes de Notre-Dame de Bétharram devant les parlementaires, le 20 mars 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conclave » sur les retraites est une tentative de reprendre la main sur une sphère politique impuissante à dégager le moindre compromis sur le financement du modèle social, relève Françoise Fressoz, éditorialiste au « Monde », dans sa chronique.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié aujourd’hui à 04h15</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/francoise-fressoz/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Françoise Fressoz</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/24/2/0/5353/3568/780/520/60/0/e65b7d2_sirius-fs-upload-1-ttev1bu4gzq6-1742813300793-ap24326461674634.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" 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joute entre François Bayrou et Edouard Philippe expose un sujet d’une brûlante actualité : comment faire bouger un pays fracturé ? »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Le duel à distance qui s’est instauré entre les deux hommes résume la difficulté qu’éprouvent les dirigeants de réformer un pays surendetté, à l’heure du désenchantement démocratique, explique, dans sa chronique, Françoise Fressoz, éditorialiste au « Monde ».</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 18 mars 2025 à 04h45, modifié le 18 mars 2025 à 10h05</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/francoise-fressoz/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Françoise Fressoz</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/10/0/0/4500/3000/780/520/60/0/17a7146_ftp-import-images-1-dwfxxo2ganhh-5278424-01-06.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/10/0/0/4500/3000/110/73/60/0/17a7146_ftp-import-images-1-dwfxxo2ganhh-5278424-01-06.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/10/0/0/4500/3000/110/73/60/0/17a7146_ftp-import-images-1-dwfxxo2ganhh-5278424-01-06.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/03/17/suppression-des-financements-de-l-usaid-dans-la-vision-de-boutiquier-de-donald-trump-ce-qui-est-donne-aux-uns-surtout-aux-etats-africains-est-forcement-pris-aux-autres_6582637_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Suppression des financements de l’Usaid : « Dans la vision de boutiquier de Donald Trump, ce qui est donné aux uns, surtout aux Etats africains, est forcément pris aux autres »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">En annulant 5 200 contrats de l’agence américaine d’aide à l’international, l’administration Trump oublie que le développement de pays comme ceux de l’Afrique profite aussi aux industries occidentales, analyse dans sa chronique Jean-Michel Bezat, journaliste au « Monde ».</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 17 mars 2025 à 17h30</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/jean-michel-bezat/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Jean-Michel Bezat</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/15/0/0/5696/3797/780/520/60/0/bed5fc7_sirius-fs-upload-1-ztroc5lkgzgd-1742036042188-504348.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/15/0/0/5696/3797/110/73/60/0/bed5fc7_sirius-fs-upload-1-ztroc5lkgzgd-1742036042188-504348.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/15/0/0/5696/3797/110/73/60/0/bed5fc7_sirius-fs-upload-1-ztroc5lkgzgd-1742036042188-504348.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/03/16/l-europe-doit-reprendre-le-flambeau-du-monde-libre-face-a-la-revolution-en-cours-destinee-a-substituer-la-force-a-l-etat-de-droit_6581793_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« Entre une Russie autoritaire et des Etats-Unis en pleine reconfiguration illibérale, l’Europe doit reprendre le flambeau du “monde libre” »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Les Européens sont pris en étau entre une Russie autoritaire et des Etats-Unis en pleine reconfiguration illibérale, observe, dans sa chronique, Philippe Bernard, éditorialiste au « Monde ».</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 16 mars 2025 à 05h20, modifié le 16 mars 2025 à 16h59</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/philippe-bernard/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Philippe Bernard</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source 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teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« Donald Trump fait cent fois pire que ce qu’ils avaient imaginé et les artistes américains restent muets. Par peur et par intérêt »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Alors que les acteurs de la culture attaquaient haut et fort le républicain lors de son premier mandat, ceux-ci ne prennent plus la parole aujourd’hui, craignant en partie de déplaire aux classes populaires qui regardent leurs films et écoutent leur musique, relève, dans sa chronique, Michel Guerrin, rédacteur en chef au « Monde ».</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 14 mars 2025 à 04h00, modifié le 14 mars 2025 à 09h46</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/michel-guerrin/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Michel Guerrin</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <section class="friend friend--river"> <div class="OUTBRAIN js-outbrain-pos-3" data-src="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees-chroniques/" data-widget-id="SF_18"></div> </section> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/05/03/0/0/3000/2000/780/520/60/0/780fea1_1683120136830-lmargent1.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/05/03/0/0/3000/2000/110/73/60/0/780fea1_1683120136830-lmargent1.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/05/03/0/0/3000/2000/110/73/60/0/780fea1_1683120136830-lmargent1.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/03/13/les-periodes-de-conflits-sont-plus-propices-au-resserrement-des-ecarts-de-revenus-que-les-periodes-de-prosperite_6580323_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« Les périodes de conflits sont plus propices au resserrement des écarts de revenus que les périodes de prospérité »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Comme les guerres par le passé ont contribué à réduire les inégalités, l’exécutif pourrait chercher à améliorer l’équité fiscale tout en finançant les dépenses de défense, estime la journaliste au « Monde » Béatrice Madeline, dans sa chronique.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 13 mars 2025 à 15h00, modifié le 13 mars 2025 à 15h31</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/beatrice-madeline/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Béatrice Madeline</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/28/0/0/8640/5760/780/520/60/0/edc4ec7_ftp-import-images-1-rcqipffw8ouh-6c87cf53d6e0421189bdd7297c0fca24-0-f2891cdf2e1948c59007cbd2f91a9aa2.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/28/0/0/8640/5760/110/73/60/0/edc4ec7_ftp-import-images-1-rcqipffw8ouh-6c87cf53d6e0421189bdd7297c0fca24-0-f2891cdf2e1948c59007cbd2f91a9aa2.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/28/0/0/8640/5760/110/73/60/0/edc4ec7_ftp-import-images-1-rcqipffw8ouh-6c87cf53d6e0421189bdd7297c0fca24-0-f2891cdf2e1948c59007cbd2f91a9aa2.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/03/13/donald-trump-se-trompe-quand-il-juge-qu-un-cessez-le-feu-partage-serait-un-pas-de-geant-vers-la-fin-de-la-guerre-entre-moscou-et-kiev_6579871_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker 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data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/11/26/0/5559/3706/780/520/60/0/ded40b5_sirius-fs-upload-1-2thdoscveiy6-1741713034536-000-8ug34k.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/11/26/0/5559/3706/110/73/60/0/ded40b5_sirius-fs-upload-1-2thdoscveiy6-1741713034536-000-8ug34k.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/11/26/0/5559/3706/110/73/60/0/ded40b5_sirius-fs-upload-1-2thdoscveiy6-1741713034536-000-8ug34k.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/emploi/article/2025/03/12/surcharge-de-travail-et-rituels-d-alerte_6579458_1698637.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Surcharge de travail et rituels d’alerte</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">La surcharge de travail est le premier risque professionnel qui affecte la santé mentale des salariés. Ils sont plus atteints qu’ils ne le pensent, explique Anne Rodier dans sa chronique.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 12 mars 2025 à 06h00, modifié le 12 mars 2025 à 18h48</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/anne-rodier/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Anne Rodier</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/05/25/0/0/6000/4000/780/520/60/0/3696a7f_1685008783176-000-33dw774.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/05/25/0/0/6000/4000/110/73/60/0/3696a7f_1685008783176-000-33dw774.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" 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</picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/03/11/l-europe-conserve-de-vrais-atouts-en-cas-de-guerre-commerciale-avec-les-etats-unis_6578737_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« L’Europe conserve de vrais atouts en cas de guerre commerciale avec les Etats-Unis »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Si Donald Trump met à exécution ses menaces de droits de douane de 25 % contre l’Union européenne, cette dernière dispose d’une puissance de réplique sérieuse en raison de son poids économique, estime Eric Albert, dans sa chronique.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 11 mars 2025 à 10h00</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/eric-albert/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Eric Albert</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/11/0/0/5383/3589/780/520/60/0/64667fe_ftp-import-images-1-lj6xj12jx97s-5286056-01-06.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/11/0/0/5383/3589/110/73/60/0/64667fe_ftp-import-images-1-lj6xj12jx97s-5286056-01-06.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/11/0/0/5383/3589/110/73/60/0/64667fe_ftp-import-images-1-lj6xj12jx97s-5286056-01-06.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/03/11/le-fosse-entre-le-discours-sur-la-souverainete-europeenne-porte-par-emmanuel-macron-et-sa-difficulte-a-maitriser-les-finances-de-son-pays-restera-comme-un-grand-paradoxe_6578383_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« Le fossé entre le discours sur la souveraineté européenne porté par Emmanuel Macron et sa difficulté à maîtriser les finances de son pays restera comme un grand paradoxe »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">La France, nation surendettée, peut-elle durablement se placer à l’avant-garde du combat pour la souveraineté ? 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data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/09/0/0/3000/2000/110/73/60/0/12d9194_sirius-fs-upload-1-luk7f78aqklx-1741532892066-169834.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/09/0/0/3000/2000/110/73/60/0/12d9194_sirius-fs-upload-1-luk7f78aqklx-1741532892066-169834.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/03/10/donald-trump-poursuit-une-vision-paranoiaque-erronee-et-indigente-de-l-economie_6577662_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« Donald Trump poursuit une vision paranoïaque, erronée et indigente de l’économie »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">La guerre commerciale généralisée et erratique que le président des Etats-Unis a lancée installe un sentiment de pagaille, sans avoir aucune chance de régler les problèmes, pourtant bien réels, du pays, estime Stéphane Lauer, éditorialiste au « Monde », dans sa chronique.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 10 mars 2025 à 05h00, modifié le 12 mars 2025 à 21h52</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/stephane-lauer/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Stéphane Lauer</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2018/09/06/0/78/3243/2162/780/520/60/0/3b786ec_0zj2XtOL-jKiR_8DC-DRhNFx.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2018/09/06/0/78/3243/2162/110/73/60/0/3b786ec_0zj2XtOL-jKiR_8DC-DRhNFx.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2018/09/06/0/78/3243/2162/110/73/60/0/3b786ec_0zj2XtOL-jKiR_8DC-DRhNFx.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/03/10/les-bouleversements-induits-par-le-retour-de-donald-trump-au-pouvoir-nous-donnent-parfois-le-sentiment-d-etre-plonges-dans-une-dystopie-devenue-realite_6577661_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« Les bouleversements induits par le retour de Donald Trump au pouvoir nous donnent parfois le sentiment d’être plongés dans une dystopie devenue réalité »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">En France, deux ouvrages, publiés en janvier, imaginent un futur proche dans lequel Marine Le Pen s’empare de l’Elysée, un scénario qui n’est pas sans conséquences, selon leurs auteurs, pour l’Etat de droit, rapporte, dans sa chronique, Solenn de Royer, journaliste au « Monde ».</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 10 mars 2025 à 05h00, modifié le 10 mars 2025 à 12h39</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/solenn-de-royer/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Solenn de Royer</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/07/1/0/5500/3666/780/520/60/0/32a4d72_sirius-fs-upload-1-0brodoyybxgj-1741336039301-493186.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/07/1/0/5500/3666/110/73/60/0/32a4d72_sirius-fs-upload-1-0brodoyybxgj-1741336039301-493186.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/07/1/0/5500/3666/110/73/60/0/32a4d72_sirius-fs-upload-1-0brodoyybxgj-1741336039301-493186.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/03/07/les-studios-d-hollywood-ont-toujours-su-faire-preuve-de-la-souplesse-ideologique-et-politique-necessaire-a-la-preservation-de-leurs-interets-economiques_6577039_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« Les studios d’Hollywood ont toujours su faire preuve de la souplesse idéologique et politique nécessaire à la préservation de leurs intérêts économiques »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Dans sa chronique, Thomas Sotinel, journaliste au service Culture du « Monde », décrit et imagine un bouleversement de l’industrie américaine engendré par le retour de Trump à la tête des Etats-Unis.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 07 mars 2025 à 15h30</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/thomas-sotinel/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Thomas Sotinel</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/12/0/0/7951/5300/780/520/60/0/0ccc6dc_sirius-fs-upload-1-qm3i1dpwbx8v-1739351350478-913967.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/12/0/0/7951/5300/110/73/60/0/0ccc6dc_sirius-fs-upload-1-qm3i1dpwbx8v-1739351350478-913967.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/12/0/0/7951/5300/110/73/60/0/0ccc6dc_sirius-fs-upload-1-qm3i1dpwbx8v-1739351350478-913967.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/03/06/face-aux-etats-unis-de-donald-trump-l-heure-est-a-la-preference-europeenne-dans-la-tech_6576830_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« Face aux Etats-Unis de Donald Trump, l’heure est à la préférence européenne dans la tech »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Devant l’offensive américaine, dans tous les secteurs économiques, y compris la tech, les dirigeants européens cherchent la meilleure riposte, analyse Alexandre Piquard, dans sa chronique.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 06 mars 2025 à 19h00</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/alexandre-piquard/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Alexandre Piquard</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/05/0/0/4682/3121/780/520/60/0/ed25688_ftp-import-images-1-bh8z0n2ozayq-f82a39f6f3494f8ead2fa1a5a6903058-0-589d5ff6454b4053be8dccfe00f6f9b8.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/05/0/0/4682/3121/110/73/60/0/ed25688_ftp-import-images-1-bh8z0n2ozayq-f82a39f6f3494f8ead2fa1a5a6903058-0-589d5ff6454b4053be8dccfe00f6f9b8.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/05/0/0/4682/3121/110/73/60/0/ed25688_ftp-import-images-1-bh8z0n2ozayq-f82a39f6f3494f8ead2fa1a5a6903058-0-589d5ff6454b4053be8dccfe00f6f9b8.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/03/06/trump-a-vide-l-otan-de-ce-qui-fait-la-force-d-une-alliance-de-defense-collective-la-fiabilite_6576650_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« Trump a vidé l’OTAN de ce qui fait la force d’une alliance de défense collective : la fiabilité »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Alors que le président républicain aurait pu jouer le rôle d’un honnête médiateur entre l’Ukraine et la Russie, il a choisi d’abandonner l’agressé et de se rendre à la raison de l’agresseur, note, dans sa chronique, Alain Frachon, éditorialiste au « Monde ».</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 06 mars 2025 à 05h30</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/alain-frachon/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Alain Frachon</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/04/30/0/329/4716/3144/780/520/60/0/f2fcda0_1714483510401-pns-777009712.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/04/30/0/329/4716/3144/110/73/60/0/f2fcda0_1714483510401-pns-777009712.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/04/30/0/329/4716/3144/110/73/60/0/f2fcda0_1714483510401-pns-777009712.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/emploi/article/2025/03/05/comex-codir-la-feminisation-a-la-tete-des-entreprises-avance-a-pas-comptes_6576506_1698637.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Comex, Codir : la féminisation à la tête des entreprises avance à pas comptés</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Si les objectifs de la loi Copé-Zimmermann de 2011, qui fixe à 40 % la part des femmes dans les conseils d’administration et de surveillance des grandes entreprises, sont atteints, l’escalade des marches suivantes est plus laborieuse pour les femmes, explique, dans sa chronique, Anne Rodier.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 05 mars 2025 à 07h53</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/anne-rodier/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Anne Rodier</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/02/0/0/8142/5428/780/520/60/0/fe88b29_ftp-import-images-1-bi795t78r4tz-2025-03-02t180258z-1184729030-rc225dafzupk-rtrmadp-3-ukraine-crisis-britain-europe.JPG" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/02/0/0/8142/5428/110/73/60/0/fe88b29_ftp-import-images-1-bi795t78r4tz-2025-03-02t180258z-1184729030-rc225dafzupk-rtrmadp-3-ukraine-crisis-britain-europe.JPG" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/02/0/0/8142/5428/110/73/60/0/fe88b29_ftp-import-images-1-bi795t78r4tz-2025-03-02t180258z-1184729030-rc225dafzupk-rtrmadp-3-ukraine-crisis-britain-europe.JPG" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/03/05/donald-trump-en-voulant-detruire-l-europe-force-sa-recomposition_6576423_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« Donald Trump, en voulant détruire l’Europe, force sa recomposition »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Cinq semaines de tornade américaine ont enfin réveillé les Européens, confrontés à un renversement d’alliances. Ce basculement et la nécessité de soutenir l’Ukraine les obligent à inventer d’autres cadres de coopération, observe, dans sa chronique, Sylvie Kauffmann, éditorialiste au « Monde ».</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 05 mars 2025 à 04h30, modifié le 05 mars 2025 à 06h50</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/sylvie-kauffmann/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Sylvie Kauffmann</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/03/0/0/7056/4704/780/520/60/0/6e7e4b6_ftp-import-images-1-dozoxdkxelkb-5209521-01-06.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/03/0/0/7056/4704/110/73/60/0/6e7e4b6_ftp-import-images-1-dozoxdkxelkb-5209521-01-06.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/03/0/0/7056/4704/110/73/60/0/6e7e4b6_ftp-import-images-1-dozoxdkxelkb-5209521-01-06.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/03/04/aux-etats-unis-la-resistance-2025-contre-donald-trump-est-un-phenomene-reel-mais-eclate_6576340_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« Aux Etats-Unis, la “résistance” 2025 contre Donald Trump est un phénomène réel mais éclaté »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Chaque jour ou presque, des manifestations ont lieu contre la brutalité des décrets de l’administration Trump, un mouvement né en marge du Parti démocrate, voire en rupture avec son establishment, constate Corine Lesnes dans sa chronique au « Monde ».</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 04 mars 2025 à 14h00, modifié le 05 mars 2025 à 09h11</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/corine-lesnes/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Corine Lesnes</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/03/0/0/5908/3938/780/520/60/0/add2e79_ftp-import-images-1-dbhe0kmemu92-5210507-01-06.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/03/0/0/5908/3938/110/73/60/0/add2e79_ftp-import-images-1-dbhe0kmemu92-5210507-01-06.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/03/0/0/5908/3938/110/73/60/0/add2e79_ftp-import-images-1-dbhe0kmemu92-5210507-01-06.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/03/04/la-conversion-de-la-france-a-des-finances-de-guerre-est-une-realite-mais-elle-s-opere-en-l-absence-de-tout-consensus_6576150_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« La conversion de la France à des “finances de guerre” est une réalité, mais elle s’opère en l’absence de tout consensus »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Les prises de position de Marine Le Pen à propos du conflit ukrainien confortent la fracture entre européens et nationalistes. Aucun objectif ni méthode ne fait l’objet d’une union nationale, observe dans sa chronique Françoise Fressoz, éditorialiste au « Monde ».</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 04 mars 2025 à 05h30, modifié le 04 mars 2025 à 06h46</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/francoise-fressoz/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Françoise Fressoz</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/03/0/0/5088/3392/780/520/60/0/8c588c2_sirius-fs-upload-1-bhw0tdpo6nxh-1740992948180-468122.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/03/0/0/5088/3392/110/73/60/0/8c588c2_sirius-fs-upload-1-bhw0tdpo6nxh-1740992948180-468122.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/03/03/0/0/5088/3392/110/73/60/0/8c588c2_sirius-fs-upload-1-bhw0tdpo6nxh-1740992948180-468122.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/03/03/avec-donald-trump-un-nouveau-predateur-fait-une-entree-fracassante-sur-le-marche-des-minerais-et-des-terres-rares_6574779_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« Avec Donald Trump, un nouveau prédateur fait une entrée fracassante sur le marché des minerais et des terres rares »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Le président américain n’a pas abandonné ses prétentions dans l’Arctique, mais il a fait de l’Ukraine sa dernière proie, afin de « récupérer » les milliards de dollars d’aides versés durant les trois ans de guerre contre la Russie, explique Jean-Michel Bezat, journaliste au « Monde », dans sa chronique.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 03 mars 2025 à 10h19, modifié le 03 mars 2025 à 15h50</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/jean-michel-bezat/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Jean-Michel Bezat</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/10/39/0/5338/3558/780/520/60/0/7f28f4e_ftp-import-images-1-1ndunylhhegs-2025-02-10t145111z-785371353-mt1usatoday25381172-rtrmadp-3-nfl-super-bowl-lix-kansas-city-chiefs-at-philadelphia-eagles.JPG" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/10/39/0/5338/3558/110/73/60/0/7f28f4e_ftp-import-images-1-1ndunylhhegs-2025-02-10t145111z-785371353-mt1usatoday25381172-rtrmadp-3-nfl-super-bowl-lix-kansas-city-chiefs-at-philadelphia-eagles.JPG" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/10/39/0/5338/3558/110/73/60/0/7f28f4e_ftp-import-images-1-1ndunylhhegs-2025-02-10t145111z-785371353-mt1usatoday25381172-rtrmadp-3-nfl-super-bowl-lix-kansas-city-chiefs-at-philadelphia-eagles.JPG" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/03/02/les-debuts-de-la-presidence-trump-ont-suffi-pour-donner-au-cauchemar-de-l-amerique-virant-au-fascisme-un-amer-parfum-d-actualite_6572578_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« Les débuts de la présidence Trump ont suffi pour donner au cauchemar de l’Amérique virant au fascisme un amer parfum d’actualité »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Accoler les mots « fascisme » et « Etats-Unis » relevait jusqu’à la réélection du milliardaire de l’oxymore. Se référer à l’Allemagne des années 1930 pour comprendre ce qui est à l’œuvre à Washington est plein d’enseignements, constate dans sa chronique Philippe Bernard, éditorialiste au « Monde ».</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 02 mars 2025 à 04h30, modifié le 02 mars 2025 à 10h24</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/philippe-bernard/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Philippe Bernard</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2016/02/02/409/1348/3579/2386/780/520/60/0/c02d904_5185615-01-06.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2016/02/02/409/1348/3579/2386/110/73/60/0/c02d904_5185615-01-06.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2016/02/02/409/1348/3579/2386/110/73/60/0/c02d904_5185615-01-06.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/02/28/au-c-ur-d-une-enquete-judiciaire-l-architecte-jean-nouvel-s-erige-en-artiste-demiurge-comme-le-heros-du-film-the-brutalist_6568460_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« Au cœur d’une enquête judiciaire, l’architecte Jean Nouvel s’érige en artiste démiurge comme le héros du film “The Brutalist” »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Alors que « Libération » a révélé, lundi, l’effarante face cachée de l’agence de la « starchitecte », la ligne de défense adoptée par Jean Nouvel fait écho au personnage incarné par Adrien Brody, observe Michel Guerrin, rédacteur en chef au « Monde », dans sa chronique.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 28 février 2025 à 04h30, modifié le 28 février 2025 à 07h04</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/michel-guerrin/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Michel Guerrin</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/25/0/0/6000/4000/780/520/60/0/b1d1b3c_ftp-import-images-1-savnmp88gn4w-5141372-01-06.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/25/0/0/6000/4000/110/73/60/0/b1d1b3c_ftp-import-images-1-savnmp88gn4w-5141372-01-06.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/25/0/0/6000/4000/110/73/60/0/b1d1b3c_ftp-import-images-1-savnmp88gn4w-5141372-01-06.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/02/27/comment-en-est-on-arrive-la-a-la-guerre-a-l-exact-contraire-des-illusions-du-debut-du-siecle-a-ce-pivotement-americain-vers-la-russie_6567228_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« Comment en est-on arrivé là, à la guerre, à l’exact contraire des illusions du début du siècle, à ce pivotement américain vers la Russie ? »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Le discours trumpiste se coule dans la rhétorique poutinienne et s’inscrit dans une attitude diplomatique plus large qui consiste à se libérer des « valeurs » de l’« ordre libéral international », explique, dans sa chronique, Alain Frachon, éditorialiste au « Monde ».</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 27 février 2025 à 14h00</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/alain-frachon/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Alain Frachon</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/23/0/0/7914/5276/780/520/60/0/3782c4b_ftp-import-images-1-7u61pqwphsgf-5123624-01-06.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/23/0/0/7914/5276/110/73/60/0/3782c4b_ftp-import-images-1-7u61pqwphsgf-5123624-01-06.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/23/0/0/7914/5276/110/73/60/0/3782c4b_ftp-import-images-1-7u61pqwphsgf-5123624-01-06.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/02/27/des-qu-elon-musk-s-est-greffe-au-pouvoir-federal-sa-richesse-ainsi-que-son-pouvoir-ont-decolle-comme-une-megafusee-spacex_6566404_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« Dès qu’Elon Musk s’est greffé au pouvoir fédéral, sa richesse ainsi que son pouvoir ont décollé comme une mégafusée SpaceX »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">X et Tesla, propriétés du milliardaire, traversent une mauvaise passe. Pourtant, depuis qu’il est devenu l’un des plus proches conseillers de Donald Trump, la valeur de ses entreprises a augmenté, constate Pascal Riché dans sa chronique.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 27 février 2025 à 06h00, modifié le 28 février 2025 à 00h33</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/pascal-riche/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Pascal Riché</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/18/0/0/4834/3222/780/520/60/0/e6c1e85_ftp-import-images-1-1y8liialkfxq-a84d8adc85cb4ce2aceaaee5e7af081e-1-8ef17505eaa44a6c8e47cd28365a488d.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/18/0/0/4834/3222/110/73/60/0/e6c1e85_ftp-import-images-1-1y8liialkfxq-a84d8adc85cb4ce2aceaaee5e7af081e-1-8ef17505eaa44a6c8e47cd28365a488d.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/01/18/0/0/4834/3222/110/73/60/0/e6c1e85_ftp-import-images-1-1y8liialkfxq-a84d8adc85cb4ce2aceaaee5e7af081e-1-8ef17505eaa44a6c8e47cd28365a488d.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/02/26/comme-poutine-trump-parle-le-langage-d-un-pouvoir-qui-ne-souffre-plus-les-freins-et-les-contrepoids-des-institutions_6565198_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« Comme Poutine, Trump parle le langage d’un pouvoir qui ne souffre plus les “freins” et les “contrepoids” des institutions »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">En s’attaquant, avec certains oligarques, à l’Etat fédéral, à l’héritage démocrate du New Deal et au contrat social américain, le président des Etats-Unis parle la même langue que son homologue russe, observe dans sa chronique Gilles Paris, éditorialiste au « Monde ».</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 26 février 2025 à 14h00</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/gilles-paris/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Gilles Paris</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/13/0/182/6961/4641/780/520/60/0/bc936a7_ftp-import-images-1-f45awdnhhci0-2025-02-13t075551z-743130852-rc2jtcandkqr-rtrmadp-3-ukraine-crisis-trump-putin.JPG" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/13/0/182/6961/4641/110/73/60/0/bc936a7_ftp-import-images-1-f45awdnhhci0-2025-02-13t075551z-743130852-rc2jtcandkqr-rtrmadp-3-ukraine-crisis-trump-putin.JPG" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/13/0/182/6961/4641/110/73/60/0/bc936a7_ftp-import-images-1-f45awdnhhci0-2025-02-13t075551z-743130852-rc2jtcandkqr-rtrmadp-3-ukraine-crisis-trump-putin.JPG" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/02/26/face-a-l-axe-poutine-trump-l-europe-doit-agir-immediatement_6564958_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« Face à l’axe Poutine-Trump, l’Europe doit agir immédiatement »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Le président des Etats-Unis a engagé une rupture complète avec les alliances que des générations de décideurs américains ont patiemment construites pendant des décennies, ce qui met en danger l’UE, s’alarme l’ancien ministre des affaires étrangères allemand Joschka Fischer dans sa chronique.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 26 février 2025 à 12h00</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/joschka-fischer/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Joschka Fischer</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/24/0/0/7809/5206/780/520/60/0/5031516_ftp-import-images-1-m2nx6zclecd4-5138070-01-06.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/24/0/0/7809/5206/110/73/60/0/5031516_ftp-import-images-1-m2nx6zclecd4-5138070-01-06.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/24/0/0/7809/5206/110/73/60/0/5031516_ftp-import-images-1-m2nx6zclecd4-5138070-01-06.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/02/25/les-crises-sont-le-carburant-d-emmanuel-macron-l-europe-son-atout_6562608_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« Les crises sont le carburant d’Emmanuel Macron, l’Europe est son atout »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Parce qu’il développe depuis 2017 une vision cohérente et prémonitoire sur le rôle et la place du Vieux Continent dans le monde, le président français peut tenter un retour sur le devant de la scène après avoir été marginalisé par sa calamiteuse dissolution de l’Assemblée nationale, observe Françoise Fressoz, éditorialiste au « Monde », dans sa chronique.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 25 février 2025 à 05h30, modifié le 25 février 2025 à 10h09</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/francoise-fressoz/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Françoise Fressoz</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/23/0/2/3780/2520/780/520/60/0/0aef801_ftp-import-images-1-sxqpbrbg0voh-5122832-01-06.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/23/0/2/3780/2520/110/73/60/0/0aef801_ftp-import-images-1-sxqpbrbg0voh-5122832-01-06.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/23/0/2/3780/2520/110/73/60/0/0aef801_ftp-import-images-1-sxqpbrbg0voh-5122832-01-06.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/02/25/le-protectionnisme-tarifaire-envisage-par-donald-trump-est-un-choc-sans-precedent-dont-on-mesure-mal-les-consequences_6562603_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« Le protectionnisme tarifaire envisagé par Donald Trump est un choc sans précédent dont on mesure mal les conséquences »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">La nouvelle politique douanière américaine a deux conséquences fâcheuses pour l’Europe : elle va réorienter les exportations chinoises vers le Vieux Continent et pousser les industriels européens à délocaliser vers les Etats-Unis, analyse Julien Bouissou, journaliste au « Monde », dans sa chronique.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 25 février 2025 à 05h00</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/julien-bouissou/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Julien Bouissou</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/11/18/0/0/3264/2176/780/520/60/0/8fd1ca2_1731923682831-gaiasquarci-economy-add-2.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/11/18/0/0/3264/2176/110/73/60/0/8fd1ca2_1731923682831-gaiasquarci-economy-add-2.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/11/18/0/0/3264/2176/110/73/60/0/8fd1ca2_1731923682831-gaiasquarci-economy-add-2.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/02/24/inutile-de-chercher-de-la-coherence-economique-dans-la-politique-de-donald-trump-il-n-y-en-a-pas_6561287_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« Inutile de chercher de la cohérence économique dans la politique de Donald Trump : il n’y en a pas »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Un mois après le retour à la Maison Blanche du président américain, le monde est partagé entre stupeur et fascination. Sur l’économie, l’inflation repart et l’efficacité de la réduction des dépenses publiques reste de façade, constate Stéphane Lauer, éditorialiste au « Monde ».</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 24 février 2025 à 05h00, modifié le 24 février 2025 à 17h22</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/stephane-lauer/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Stéphane Lauer</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/22/4/0/6500/4333/780/520/60/0/d1e1b5f_sirius-fs-upload-1-idmjdvwfd1hk-1740212367620-435858.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/22/4/0/6500/4333/110/73/60/0/d1e1b5f_sirius-fs-upload-1-idmjdvwfd1hk-1740212367620-435858.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/22/4/0/6500/4333/110/73/60/0/d1e1b5f_sirius-fs-upload-1-idmjdvwfd1hk-1740212367620-435858.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/02/23/donald-trump-et-elon-musk-plongent-la-science-americaine-dans-un-indescriptible-chaos_6559868_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« Donald Trump et Elon Musk plongent la science américaine dans un indescriptible chaos »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">En supprimant des dizaines de milliers d’emplois et en coupant les financements des recherches qu’ils accusent de « wokisme », le président des Etats-Unis et le milliardaire mènent une attaque sans précédent contre la production de la connaissance, estime dans sa chronique Stéphane Foucart, journaliste au « Monde ».</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 23 février 2025 à 06h00, modifié le 23 février 2025 à 08h13</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/stephane-foucart/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Stéphane Foucart</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/18/1/0/8192/5461/780/520/60/0/e6ad948_ftp-import-images-1-gnqy0fdxkfpl-5076433-01-06.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/18/1/0/8192/5461/110/73/60/0/e6ad948_ftp-import-images-1-gnqy0fdxkfpl-5076433-01-06.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/18/1/0/8192/5461/110/73/60/0/e6ad948_ftp-import-images-1-gnqy0fdxkfpl-5076433-01-06.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/02/21/l-ecrivain-boualem-sansal-est-instrumentalise-comme-donald-trump-instrumentalise-la-liberte-d-expression_6556949_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« L’écrivain Boualem Sansal est instrumentalisé comme Donald Trump instrumentalise la liberté d’expression »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Les réactions suscitées, en France, par l’incarcération de l’auteur franco-algérien et, aux Etats-Unis, par la guerre culturelle menée par le nouveau président montrent que la liberté d’expression devient de plus en plus une donnée à géométrie variable, relève, dans sa chronique, Michel Guerrin, rédacteur en chef au « Monde ».</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 21 février 2025 à 06h02, modifié le 21 février 2025 à 06h38</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/michel-guerrin/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Michel Guerrin</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/13/0/0/8256/5504/780/520/60/0/d3eb4b5_ftp-import-images-1-lklbbzu9wcvl-5019908-01-06.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/13/0/0/8256/5504/110/73/60/0/d3eb4b5_ftp-import-images-1-lklbbzu9wcvl-5019908-01-06.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/13/0/0/8256/5504/110/73/60/0/d3eb4b5_ftp-import-images-1-lklbbzu9wcvl-5019908-01-06.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/02/20/croyons-les-anarcho-capitalistes-americains-lorsqu-ils-annoncent-vouloir-se-debarrasser-de-la-democratie_6555481_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« Croyons les techno-monarchistes et libertariens américains lorsqu’ils annoncent vouloir se débarrasser de la démocratie »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Les oligarques libertariens de la Silicon Valley soutenant Trump rêvent de territoires affranchis de taxes, de réglementations, de redistribution et de solidarité, explique Marie Charrel, journaliste au « Monde », dans sa chronique.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 20 février 2025 à 08h00, modifié le 20 février 2025 à 10h13</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/marie-charrel/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Marie Charrel</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/19/0/0/3696/2464/780/520/60/0/c3b5452_ftp-import-images-1-0obftfsoc2sy-2025-02-19t230744z-1813351322-rc2xxca0mwh9-rtrmadp-3-usa-trump.JPG" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/19/0/0/3696/2464/110/73/60/0/c3b5452_ftp-import-images-1-0obftfsoc2sy-2025-02-19t230744z-1813351322-rc2xxca0mwh9-rtrmadp-3-usa-trump.JPG" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/19/0/0/3696/2464/110/73/60/0/c3b5452_ftp-import-images-1-0obftfsoc2sy-2025-02-19t230744z-1813351322-rc2xxca0mwh9-rtrmadp-3-usa-trump.JPG" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/02/20/l-amerique-qui-pratiquait-l-etat-de-droit-et-avait-invente-l-ordre-liberal-international-c-est-fini_6555135_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« L’Amérique qui pratiquait l’Etat de droit et avait inventé l’ordre libéral international, c’est fini »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Donald Trump étend les pouvoirs de la présidence au-delà de ce qu’aucun autre de ses prédécesseurs n’avait jamais osé, observe Alain Frachon, éditorialiste au « Monde », dans sa chronique.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 20 février 2025 à 04h00, modifié le 20 février 2025 à 09h39</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/alain-frachon/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Alain Frachon</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/18/0/0/7312/4874/780/520/60/0/26cea93_ftp-import-images-1-ykls173zc0um-f4038c260691417bb16c7cf668cacfca-0-53dae434e561490ebb60c427ae8e2a2c.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/18/0/0/7312/4874/110/73/60/0/26cea93_ftp-import-images-1-ykls173zc0um-f4038c260691417bb16c7cf668cacfca-0-53dae434e561490ebb60c427ae8e2a2c.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/18/0/0/7312/4874/110/73/60/0/26cea93_ftp-import-images-1-ykls173zc0um-f4038c260691417bb16c7cf668cacfca-0-53dae434e561490ebb60c427ae8e2a2c.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/02/19/les-europeens-qui-ont-deja-negocie-des-cessez-le-feu-avec-vladimir-poutine-en-gardent-un-souvenir-cuisant_6553424_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« Les Européens qui ont déjà négocié des cessez-le-feu avec Vladimir Poutine en gardent un souvenir cuisant »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Au premier jour des négociations entre la Russie et les Etats-Unis, sans participation ukrainienne ni européenne, une chose apparaît clairement : Donald Trump est intéressé par un cessez-le-feu, mais pas par une paix durable, observe, dans sa chronique, Sylvie Kauffmann, éditorialiste au « Monde ».</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 19 février 2025 à 04h30, modifié le 19 février 2025 à 11h29</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/sylvie-kauffmann/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Sylvie Kauffmann</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/17/0/0/6860/4573/780/520/60/0/2aef654_sirius-fs-upload-1-6y7f6gn3fwxl-1739773551429-939648.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/17/0/0/6860/4573/110/73/60/0/2aef654_sirius-fs-upload-1-6y7f6gn3fwxl-1739773551429-939648.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/17/0/0/6860/4573/110/73/60/0/2aef654_sirius-fs-upload-1-6y7f6gn3fwxl-1739773551429-939648.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/02/18/au-defi-de-la-reconstruction-les-lr-et-le-ps-renouent-avec-les-guerres-intestines_6551840_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« Au défi de la reconstruction, les LR et le PS renouent avec les guerres intestines »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Le Parti socialiste et Les Républicains espèrent retrouver un espace politique en 2027. Mais, avec leurs congrès, organisés chacun au printemps, les deux partis prennent le risque de s’enliser dans des débats centrés sur eux-mêmes, estime, dans sa chronique, Solenn de Royer, journaliste au « Monde ».</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 18 février 2025 à 06h00, modifié le 18 février 2025 à 09h19</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/solenn-de-royer/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Solenn de Royer</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/12/0/0/8256/5504/780/520/60/0/655d1cf_ftp-import-images-1-ajx9mpisg2sp-5011155-01-06.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/12/0/0/8256/5504/110/73/60/0/655d1cf_ftp-import-images-1-ajx9mpisg2sp-5011155-01-06.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/12/0/0/8256/5504/110/73/60/0/655d1cf_ftp-import-images-1-ajx9mpisg2sp-5011155-01-06.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/02/18/elon-musk-applique-le-concept-du-budget-a-base-zero-toutes-les-depenses-sont-annulees-et-l-on-reconstruit-ce-qui-apparait-indispensable_6551839_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« Elon Musk applique le concept du “budget à base zéro” : toutes les dépenses sont annulées et l’on reconstruit ce qui apparaît indispensable »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">La révolution Musk a trois objectifs : une purge politique, un renforcement du pouvoir présidentiel et des coupes budgétaires au niveau fédéral. Mais le temps est compté pour le multimilliardaire, estime Arnaud Leparmentier, correspondant du « Monde » à New York, dans sa chronique.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 18 février 2025 à 06h00</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/arnaud-leparmentier/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Arnaud Leparmentier</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/05/03/0/0/3000/2000/780/520/60/0/d01e012_1683120111391-lmargent9.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/05/03/0/0/3000/2000/110/73/60/0/d01e012_1683120111391-lmargent9.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/05/03/0/0/3000/2000/110/73/60/0/d01e012_1683120111391-lmargent9.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/02/17/finances-publiques-un-nouveau-contrat-social-doit-etre-etabli-entre-les-actifs-d-un-cote-et-les-retraites-et-les-heritiers-de-l-autre_6550250_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Finances publiques : « Un nouveau contrat social doit être établi entre les travailleurs, d’un côté, et les retraités et les héritiers, de l’autre »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">La révision du financement du système de protection sociale doit passer par un rééquilibrage de l’effort contributif, afin de rendre du pouvoir d’achat aux travailleurs en mettant davantage à contribution les détenteurs de gros patrimoine, analyse Jean-Michel Bezat, journaliste au « Monde », dans sa chronique.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 17 février 2025 à 05h15, modifié le 17 février 2025 à 08h20</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/jean-michel-bezat/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Jean-Michel Bezat</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/1248/0/3744/2496/780/520/60/0/c7797bc_sirius-fs-upload-1-giuxg7p0jfyr-1739550158510-000-326a9ff.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/1248/0/3744/2496/110/73/60/0/c7797bc_sirius-fs-upload-1-giuxg7p0jfyr-1739550158510-000-326a9ff.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/14/1248/0/3744/2496/110/73/60/0/c7797bc_sirius-fs-upload-1-giuxg7p0jfyr-1739550158510-000-326a9ff.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/02/15/la-droite-et-l-extreme-droite-utilisent-le-repoussoir-de-l-algerie-pour-conforter-leur-refus-de-l-immigration_6547381_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« La droite et l’extrême droite utilisent le repoussoir de l’Algérie pour conforter leur refus de l’immigration »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Une double rente mémorielle est entretenue tant en France, par la droite et l’extrême droite, que par le régime algérien, qui s’en sert pour alimenter son propre nationalisme et faire taire ses opposants, relève Philippe Bernard, éditorialiste au « Monde », dans sa chronique.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 15 février 2025 à 05h00, modifié le 16 février 2025 à 16h04</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/philippe-bernard/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Philippe Bernard</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/05/36/113/4672/3115/780/520/60/0/d8edb2c_ftp-import-images-1-kiqxrespwwa0-76a0a9106bb94f8dbffb06027f4e1d2d-0-a90c1a8733ce43a3878ed90d287b367c.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/05/36/113/4672/3115/110/73/60/0/d8edb2c_ftp-import-images-1-kiqxrespwwa0-76a0a9106bb94f8dbffb06027f4e1d2d-0-a90c1a8733ce43a3878ed90d287b367c.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/05/36/113/4672/3115/110/73/60/0/d8edb2c_ftp-import-images-1-kiqxrespwwa0-76a0a9106bb94f8dbffb06027f4e1d2d-0-a90c1a8733ce43a3878ed90d287b367c.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/02/14/les-plateformes-americaines-devaient-tuer-le-cinema-francais-elles-contribuent-a-le-sauver_6545998_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« Les plateformes américaines devaient tuer le cinéma français. Elles contribuent à le sauver »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Netflix, Amazon et Disney jouent le jeu, en investissant dans le financement du cinéma français. Canal+, de son côté, grand argentier du cinéma, devrait réduire la voilure, observe Michel Guerrin, rédacteur en chef au « Monde », dans sa chronique.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 14 février 2025 à 05h30, modifié le 14 février 2025 à 12h26</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/michel-guerrin/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Michel Guerrin</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/12/122/0/3200/2133/780/520/60/0/e5718cc_ftp-import-images-1-yccg71lenxua-5016518-01-06.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/12/122/0/3200/2133/110/73/60/0/e5718cc_ftp-import-images-1-yccg71lenxua-5016518-01-06.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/12/122/0/3200/2133/110/73/60/0/e5718cc_ftp-import-images-1-yccg71lenxua-5016518-01-06.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/02/13/ukraine-ni-donald-trump-ni-vladimir-poutine-n-ont-encore-fait-la-moindre-promesse-pour-garantir-une-place-aux-europeens_6545122_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Ukraine : « Ni Donald Trump ni Vladimir Poutine n’ont encore fait la moindre promesse pour garantir une place aux Européens »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Les Européens jouent des coudes pour être associés aux négociations, convaincus que la sécurité du Vieux Continent se joue dans le pays agressé, estime dans sa chronique Philippe Ricard, journaliste au « Monde ».</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 13 février 2025 à 15h00</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/philippe-ricard/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Philippe Ricard</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/12/0/0/4870/3247/780/520/60/0/316e720_ftp-import-images-1-aey56rwdcjnd-5010983-01-06.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/12/0/0/4870/3247/110/73/60/0/316e720_ftp-import-images-1-aey56rwdcjnd-5010983-01-06.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/12/0/0/4870/3247/110/73/60/0/316e720_ftp-import-images-1-aey56rwdcjnd-5010983-01-06.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/02/13/l-afrique-a-besoin-de-moins-de-dons-et-de-plus-d-investissements_6544539_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker ">Chronique</span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« L’Afrique a besoin de moins de dons et de plus d’investissements »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Le séisme provoqué par le quasi-démantèlement de l’agence américaine Usaid doit être l’occasion de réfléchir aux lacunes du système d’aide internationale, plaide Marie de Vergès, journaliste au « Monde », dans sa chronique.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 13 février 2025 à 06h00, modifié le 13 février 2025 à 09h09</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/marie-de-verges/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Marie de Vergès</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/08/0/13/4207/2805/780/520/60/0/25f8046_ftp-import-images-1-muhtstr1zvxi-2025-02-08t135706z-933357035-rc2aqca1wvs8-rtrmadp-3-ukraine-crisis-yalta.JPG" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/08/0/13/4207/2805/110/73/60/0/25f8046_ftp-import-images-1-muhtstr1zvxi-2025-02-08t135706z-933357035-rc2aqca1wvs8-rtrmadp-3-ukraine-crisis-yalta.JPG" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/08/0/13/4207/2805/110/73/60/0/25f8046_ftp-import-images-1-muhtstr1zvxi-2025-02-08t135706z-933357035-rc2aqca1wvs8-rtrmadp-3-ukraine-crisis-yalta.JPG" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/02/12/trump-et-poutine-se-jaugent-a-nouveau-de-cette-relation-empreinte-de-mystere-depend-le-sort-de-l-ukraine_6543022_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« Trump et Poutine se jaugent à nouveau. De cette relation empreinte de mystère dépend le sort de l’Ukraine »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Les travaux d’approche ont commencé entre les deux « hommes forts » qui prétendent mettre fin à la guerre en Ukraine. Mais, pour eux, la force a remplacé le droit, constate, dans sa chronique, Sylvie Kauffmann, éditorialiste au « Monde ».</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 12 février 2025 à 05h00, modifié le 12 février 2025 à 09h45</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/sylvie-kauffmann/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Sylvie Kauffmann</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/11/0/0/4959/3306/780/520/60/0/6f0f146_sirius-fs-upload-1-zq9y67ob6ige-1739287006032-000-36x768h.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/11/0/0/4959/3306/110/73/60/0/6f0f146_sirius-fs-upload-1-zq9y67ob6ige-1739287006032-000-36x768h.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/11/0/0/4959/3306/110/73/60/0/6f0f146_sirius-fs-upload-1-zq9y67ob6ige-1739287006032-000-36x768h.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/02/12/en-vue-de-la-presidentielle-de-2027-gerald-darmanin-prone-la-rupture-de-l-interieur-dans-les-pas-du-nicolas-sarkozy-de-2007_6542989_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">En vue de la présidentielle de 2027, Gérald Darmanin prône la « rupture de l’intérieur », dans les pas de Nicolas Sarkozy</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Le ministre de la justice a lancé une offensive médiatique tous azimuts depuis que le budget a été adopté et tente de se démarquer du macronisme, dont il est pourtant un pilier depuis 2017, observe Solenn de Royer, journaliste au « Monde », dans sa chronique.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 12 février 2025 à 04h45, modifié le 12 février 2025 à 15h14</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/solenn-de-royer/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Solenn de Royer</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/06/0/0/5594/3729/780/520/60/0/6efed12_ftp-import-images-1-wdy1yjwxxsby-2025-02-06t055222z-1146489459-rc2socaw23qn-rtrmadp-3-china-film.JPG" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/06/0/0/5594/3729/110/73/60/0/6efed12_ftp-import-images-1-wdy1yjwxxsby-2025-02-06t055222z-1146489459-rc2socaw23qn-rtrmadp-3-china-film.JPG" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/06/0/0/5594/3729/110/73/60/0/6efed12_ftp-import-images-1-wdy1yjwxxsby-2025-02-06t055222z-1146489459-rc2socaw23qn-rtrmadp-3-china-film.JPG" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/02/11/avec-nezha-2-c-est-tout-le-cinema-chinois-qui-prend-confiance-pour-la-plus-grande-satisfaction-des-autorites_6541480_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« Avec “Nezha 2”, c’est tout le cinéma chinois qui prend confiance, pour la plus grande satisfaction des autorités »</h3> <p 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<img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/09/19/0/0/5754/3836/110/73/60/0/afd111c_5721271-01-06.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/02/11/plus-rien-n-apparait-synchronise-dans-la-politique-francaise_6541095_3232.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Chronique</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">« Plus rien n’apparaît synchronisé dans la politique française »</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Obnubilée par l’échéance de la présidentielle de 2027, sans poulain attitré, la droite pratique une dangereuse surenchère autour du thème de l’immigration, devenu le terrain de prédilection de Marine Le Pen, observe Françoise Fressoz, éditorialiste au « Monde », dans sa chronique.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Publié le 11 février 2025 à 04h30</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/francoise-fressoz/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Françoise Fressoz</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/03/1304/1968/2945/1963/780/520/60/0/a119b92_sirius-fs-upload-1-stjtfbkxcgka-1738622068873-jmug250203023.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/03/1304/1968/2945/1963/110/73/60/0/a119b92_sirius-fs-upload-1-stjtfbkxcgka-1738622068873-jmug250203023.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/03/1304/1968/2945/1963/110/73/60/0/a119b92_sirius-fs-upload-1-stjtfbkxcgka-1738622068873-jmug250203023.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> 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