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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mission_summary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mission summary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mission_summary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mission_insignia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mission_insignia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Mission insignia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mission_insignia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wake-up_calls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wake-up_calls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Wake-up calls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wake-up_calls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-I" title="STS-51-I – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="STS-51-I" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-I" title="STS-51-I – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="STS-51-I" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51I" title="STS-51I – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="STS-51I" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-I" title="STS-51-I – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="STS-51-I" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-I" title="STS-51-I – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="STS-51-I" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-I" title="STS-51-I – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="STS-51-I" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-I" title="STS-51-I – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="STS-51-I" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3-%DB%B5%DB%B1-%D8%A2%DB%8C" title="اس‌تی‌اس-۵۱-آی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اس‌تی‌اس-۵۱-آی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-I" title="STS-51-I – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="STS-51-I" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-I" title="STS-51-I – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="STS-51-I" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-I" title="STS-51-I – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="STS-51-I" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-I" title="STS-51-I – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="STS-51-I" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-I" title="STS-51-I – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="STS-51-I" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS%E2%80%9351%E2%80%93I" title="STS–51–I – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="STS–51–I" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-I" title="STS-51-I – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="STS-51-I" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-I" title="STS-51-I – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="STS-51-I" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-I" title="STS-51-I – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="STS-51-I" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-I" title="STS-51-I – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="STS-51-I" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-I" title="STS-51-I – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="STS-51-I" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-I" title="STS-51-I – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="STS-51-I" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51I" title="STS-51I – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="STS-51I" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-I" title="STS-51-I – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="STS-51-I" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-I" title="STS-51-I – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="STS-51-I" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-I" title="STS-51-I – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="STS-51-I" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-I" title="STS-51-I – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="STS-51-I" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-I" title="STS-51-I – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="STS-51-I" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/STS-51-L" title="STS-51-L">STS-51-L</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1089065853">.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight{width:25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight .infobox-header{background:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .ib-edit-wd{float:right}</style><table class="infobox ib-spaceflight"><caption class="infobox-title">STS-51-I</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-51-I_SYNCOM_IV-3_EVA_by_James_van_Hoften.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/STS-51-I_SYNCOM_IV-3_EVA_by_James_van_Hoften.jpg/260px-STS-51-I_SYNCOM_IV-3_EVA_by_James_van_Hoften.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="368" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/STS-51-I_SYNCOM_IV-3_EVA_by_James_van_Hoften.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="337" data-file-height="477" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">van Hoften next to the crippled Syncom IV-3 (Leasat-3) satellite, during the mission's first EVA.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Names</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Space_Transportation_System" title="Space Transportation System">Space Transportation System</a>-20</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission type</th><td class="infobox-data">Satellites deployment<br />Satellite repair</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Designator" title="International Designator">COSPAR ID</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1985-076A">1985-076A</a></span><span class="ib-edit-wd"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q793618#P247" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Catalog_Number" title="Satellite Catalog Number">SATCAT <abbr title="number">no.</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data">15992<span style="float:right"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q793618?uselang=en#P377" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission duration</th><td class="infobox-data">7 days, 2 hours, 17 minutes, 42 seconds</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Distance travelled</th><td class="infobox-data">4,698,602 km (2,919,576 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Orbits completed</th><td class="infobox-data">112</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Spacecraft properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spacecraft</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a></span> <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Discovery" title="Space Shuttle Discovery"><i>Discovery</i></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch mass</th><td class="infobox-data">118,981 kg (262,308 lb)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Landing mass</th><td class="infobox-data">89,210 kg (196,670 lb)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Payload mass</th><td class="infobox-data">17,540 kg (38,670 lb)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Crew</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Crew size</th><td class="infobox-data">5</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Members</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Engle" title="Joe Engle">Joe H. Engle</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_O._Covey" title="Richard O. Covey">Richard O. Covey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/James_van_Hoften" title="James van Hoften">James D. A. van Hoften</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Lounge" title="John M. Lounge">John M. Lounge</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/William_Frederick_Fisher" title="William Frederick Fisher">William F. Fisher</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Spacewalk" class="mw-redirect" title="Spacewalk">EVAs</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Spacewalk" class="mw-redirect" title="Spacewalk">EVA</a> duration</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>11 hours, 46 minutes</li><li><span style="font-size:85%;">1st EVA: 7 hours, 20 minutes</span></li><li><span style="font-size:85%;">2nd EVA: 4 hours, 26 minutes</span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Start of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch date</th><td class="infobox-data">August 27, 1985, 10:58:01<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">August 27, 1985, 10:58:01</span>)</span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a> (6:58:01<span class="nowrap"> </span>am<span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Daylight Time">EDT</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch site</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39A" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A">LC-39A</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Contractor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rockwell_International" title="Rockwell International">Rockwell International</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">End of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Landing date</th><td class="infobox-data">September 3, 1985, 13:15:43<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">September 3, 1985, 13:15:43</span>)</span><span class="nowrap"> </span>UTC (6:15:43<span class="nowrap"> </span>am<span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Daylight Time">PDT</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Landing site</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edwards_Air_Force_Base" title="Edwards Air Force Base">Edwards</a>, Runway<span class="nowrap"> </span>23</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Orbital parameters</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference system</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geocentric_orbit" title="Geocentric orbit">Geocentric orbit</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Regime</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">Low Earth orbit</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Perigee altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">350 km (220 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Apogee altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">465 km (289 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">Inclination</a></th><td class="infobox-data">28.45°</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">Period</a></th><td class="infobox-data">92.00 minutes</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Instruments</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Physical Vapor Transport Organic Solid Experiment (PVTOS)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sts-51-i-patch.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Sts-51-i-patch.png/180px-Sts-51-i-patch.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Sts-51-i-patch.png/270px-Sts-51-i-patch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Sts-51-i-patch.png/360px-Sts-51-i-patch.png 2x" data-file-width="711" data-file-height="720" /></a></span><br />STS-51-I mission patch<br /> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-51-I_crew.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/STS-51-I_crew.jpg/220px-STS-51-I_crew.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/STS-51-I_crew.jpg/330px-STS-51-I_crew.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/STS-51-I_crew.jpg/440px-STS-51-I_crew.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2505" /></a></span><br />Back row: <a href="/wiki/James_van_Hoften" title="James van Hoften">James D. A. van Hoften</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_M._Lounge" title="John M. Lounge">John M. Lounge</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Frederick_Fisher" title="William Frederick Fisher">William F. Fisher</a><br />Front row: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Engle" title="Joe Engle">Joe H. Engle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_O._Covey" title="Richard O. Covey">Richard O. Covey</a><div class="" style="width:100%; text-align:center; border-top:1px #aaa solid"><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program" title="Space Shuttle program">Space Shuttle program</a></div><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/STS-51-F" title="STS-51-F">STS-51-F</a> (19)</div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/STS-51-J" title="STS-51-J">STS-51-J</a> (21) →</div></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>STS-51-I</b> was the 20th mission of <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a> program and the sixth flight of <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Discovery" title="Space Shuttle Discovery">Space Shuttle <i>Discovery</i></a>. During the mission, <i>Discovery</i> deployed three <a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">communications satellites</a> into orbit. The mission launched from <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, on August 27, 1985, and landed at <a href="/wiki/Edwards_Air_Force_Base" title="Edwards Air Force Base">Edwards Air Force Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, on September 3, 1985. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crew">Crew</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STS-51-I&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Crew"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:150px;"><a href="/wiki/Astronaut_ranks_and_positions" title="Astronaut ranks and positions">Position</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width:200px;">Astronaut </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Commander </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Engle" title="Joe Engle">Joe H. Engle</a><br />Second and last spaceflight </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Pilot </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Richard_O._Covey" title="Richard O. Covey">Richard O. Covey</a><br />First spaceflight </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Mission Specialist 1 </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/James_van_Hoften" title="James van Hoften">James D. A. van Hoften</a><br />Second and last spaceflight </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Mission Specialist 2<br />Flight Engineer </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/John_M._Lounge" title="John M. Lounge">John M. Lounge</a><br />First spaceflight </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Mission Specialist 3 </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/William_Frederick_Fisher" title="William Frederick Fisher">William F. Fisher</a><br />Only spaceflight </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spacewalks">Spacewalks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STS-51-I&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Spacewalks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>EVA 1</dt></dl> <ul><li><b>Personnel</b>: Fisher and van Hoften</li> <li><b>Date</b>: August 31, 1985 (≈12:10–19:10 UTC)<sup id="cite_ref-spacefacts_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spacefacts-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Duration</b>: 7 hours, 20 minutes</li></ul> <dl><dt>EVA 2</dt></dl> <ul><li><b>Personnel</b>: Fisher and van Hoften</li> <li><b>Date</b>: September 1, 1985 (≈12:10–16:30 UTC)<sup id="cite_ref-spacefacts_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spacefacts-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Duration</b>: 4 hours, 26 minutes</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crew_seat_assignments">Crew seat assignments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STS-51-I&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Crew seat assignments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Seat<sup id="cite_ref-spacefacts_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spacefacts-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Launch </th> <th>Landing </th> <td rowspan="8"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Space_Shuttle_seating_plan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Space_Shuttle_seating_plan.svg/150px-Space_Shuttle_seating_plan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Space_Shuttle_seating_plan.svg/225px-Space_Shuttle_seating_plan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Space_Shuttle_seating_plan.svg/300px-Space_Shuttle_seating_plan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="834" /></a></span><br />Seats 1–4 are on the flight deck.<br />Seats 5–7 are on the mid-deck. </td></tr> <tr> <th>1 </th> <td colspan="2">Engle </td></tr> <tr> <th>2 </th> <td colspan="2">Covey </td></tr> <tr> <th>3 </th> <td>van Hoften </td> <td>Fisher </td></tr> <tr> <th>4 </th> <td colspan="2">Lounge </td></tr> <tr> <th>5 </th> <td>Fisher </td> <td>van Hoften </td></tr> <tr> <th>6 </th> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:lightgray"><i>Unused</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>7 </th> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:lightgray"><i>Unused</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Launch">Launch</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STS-51-I&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Launch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Attempt</th> <th>Planned</th> <th>Result</th> <th>Turnaround</th> <th>Reason</th> <th>Decision point</th> <th>Weather go (%)</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><span data-sort-value="1985-08-24, 08:38:00 !">24 Aug 1985, 8:38:00 am</span></td> <td>Scrubbed</td> <td>—</td> <td>Weather</td> <td><span data-sort-value="1985-08-24, 09:06:00 !">24 Aug 1985, 9:06 am</span> (T−00:05:00)</td> <td></td> <td>Thunderstorms in the KSC area and a ship entering the SRB recovery area </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><span data-sort-value="1985-08-25, 07:57:00 !">25 Aug 1985, 7:57:00 am</span></td> <td>Scrubbed</td> <td>0 days 23 hours 19 minutes</td> <td>Technical</td> <td><span data-sort-value="1985-08-25, 08:11:00 !">25 Aug 1985, 8:11 am</span> (T−00:09:00 hold)</td> <td></td> <td>Computer failure </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><span data-sort-value="1985-08-27, 06:58:01 !">27 Aug 1985, 6:58:01 am</span></td> <td>Success</td> <td>1 day 23 hours 1 minute</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Launch delayed 3 minutes, 1 second for weather and ship in entering SRB recovery area. </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission_summary">Mission summary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STS-51-I&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Mission summary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Discovery</i> launched at 6:58 a.m. <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">EDT</a> on August 27, 1985. Two earlier launch attempts, one on August 24 and another on August 25, were scrubbed – the first because of poor weather,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the second because the backup orbiter computer failed and had to be replaced.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The successful launch on August 27, 1985, took place just as an approaching <a href="/wiki/Thunderstorm" title="Thunderstorm">storm</a> front reached the launch pad area. </p><p>The five-man STS-51-I crew included Joe H. Engle, commander; Richard O. Covey, pilot; and James D. A. van Hoften, John M. Lounge, and William F. Fisher, mission specialists. Their primary mission was to deploy three <a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">commercial communications satellites</a> and retrieve and repair the <a href="/wiki/Syncom" title="Syncom">Syncom</a> IV-3 (Leasat-3) satellite, which had been deployed during the <a href="/wiki/STS-51-D" title="STS-51-D">STS-51-D</a> mission in April 1985, but had malfunctioned. In addition, a mid-deck materials processing experiment, the Physical Vapor Transport Organic Solid Experiment (PVTOS), was flown aboard <i>Discovery</i>. </p><p>The three communications satellites were <a href="/wiki/Optus_(satellite)" title="Optus (satellite)">Aussat-1</a>, a multi-purpose spacecraft owned by <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>; ASC-1, owned and operated by the <a href="/wiki/American_Satellite_Corporation" title="American Satellite Corporation">American Satellite Corporation</a> (ASC); and Syncom IV-4 (<a href="/wiki/Syncom" title="Syncom">Leasat-4</a>), leased to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a> (DoD) by its builder, <a href="/wiki/Hughes_Space_and_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Hughes Space and Communications">Hughes Space and Communications</a>. Both Aussat-1 and ASC-1 were deployed on the day of the launch, August 27, 1985. Syncom IV-4 (Leasat-4) was deployed two days later. All three achieved their planned <a href="/wiki/Geosynchronous_orbit" title="Geosynchronous orbit">geosynchronous orbits</a> and became operational. </p><p>On the fifth day of the mission, astronauts Fisher and van Hoften began repair efforts on the malfunctioning Syncom IV-3, following a successful rendezvous maneuver by <i>Discovery</i>. The effort was slowed by a problem with the Remote Manipulator System (<a href="/wiki/Canadarm" title="Canadarm">Canadarm</a>) elbow joint. After a second EVA by Fisher and van Hoften, the satellite's control lever was repaired, permitting commands from the ground to activate the spacecraft's systems and eventually send it into its proper geosynchronous orbit. The two EVAs lasted a total of 11 hours and 46 minutes. </p><p><i>Discovery</i> landed on Runway 23 at <a href="/wiki/Edwards_Air_Force_Base" title="Edwards Air Force Base">Edwards Air Force Base</a> at 6:16 a.m. <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Time_Zone" title="Pacific Time Zone">PDT</a> on September 3, 1985. The flight lasted a total of 7 days, 2 hours, 18 minutes and 42 seconds, during which the shuttle completed 112 orbits of the <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission_insignia">Mission insignia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STS-51-I&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Mission insignia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The insignia depicts an American <a href="/wiki/Bald_eagle" title="Bald eagle">bald eagle</a>, trailing red and white stripes, and pushing a boundary layer forward. The 19 stars, along with the eagle, are references to the 20th shuttle mission (with the eagle representing the orbiter and thus being the 20th "star"). Lining the patch are the surnames of the crew members. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wake-up_calls">Wake-up calls</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STS-51-I&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Wake-up calls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the <a href="/wiki/Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">Project Gemini</a>, and first used music to wake up a flight crew during <a href="/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15">Apollo 15</a>. Each track is specially chosen, often by the astronauts' families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.<sup id="cite_ref-chronology_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chronology-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Flight Day </th> <th>Song </th> <th>Artist/Composer </th></tr> <tr> <td>Day 2 </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Waltzing_Matilda" title="Waltzing Matilda">Waltzing Matilda</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Banjo_Paterson" title="Banjo Paterson">Banjo Paterson</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Day 3 </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Over_the_Rainbow" title="Over the Rainbow">Over the Rainbow</a>" </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland">Judy Garland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Day 4 </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/I_Saw_the_Light_(Hank_Williams_song)" title="I Saw the Light (Hank Williams song)">I Saw the Light</a>" </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Willie_Nelson" title="Willie Nelson">Willie Nelson</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Day 5 </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/I_Get_Around" title="I Get Around">I Get Around</a>" </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beach_Boys" class="mw-redirect" title="Beach Boys">Beach Boys</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Day 6 </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Lucky_Old_Sun" title="Lucky Old Sun">Lucky Old Sun</a>" </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Willie_Nelson" title="Willie Nelson">Willie Nelson</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Day 7 </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Stormy_Weather_(song)" title="Stormy Weather (song)">Stormy Weather</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Willie_Nelson" title="Willie Nelson">Willie Nelson</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Day 8 </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Living_in_the_USA" title="Living in the USA">Living in the USA</a>" </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Linda_Ronstadt" title="Linda Ronstadt">Linda Ronstadt</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STS-51-I&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-51-I_Launch.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Launch of Space Shuttle Discovery"><img alt="Launch of Space Shuttle Discovery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/STS-51-I_Launch.jpg/120px-STS-51-I_Launch.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/STS-51-I_Launch.jpg/180px-STS-51-I_Launch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/STS-51-I_Launch.jpg/240px-STS-51-I_Launch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1269" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Launch of Space Shuttle Discovery</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-51-I_AUSSAT_1_deployment.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Deployment of Aussat-1"><img alt="Deployment of Aussat-1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/STS-51-I_AUSSAT_1_deployment.jpg/120px-STS-51-I_AUSSAT_1_deployment.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/STS-51-I_AUSSAT_1_deployment.jpg/180px-STS-51-I_AUSSAT_1_deployment.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/STS-51-I_AUSSAT_1_deployment.jpg/240px-STS-51-I_AUSSAT_1_deployment.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="4096" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Deployment of Aussat-1</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-51-I_ASC-1_deployment.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Deployment of ASC-1"><img alt="Deployment of ASC-1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/STS-51-I_ASC-1_deployment.jpg/120px-STS-51-I_ASC-1_deployment.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/STS-51-I_ASC-1_deployment.jpg/180px-STS-51-I_ASC-1_deployment.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/STS-51-I_ASC-1_deployment.jpg/240px-STS-51-I_ASC-1_deployment.jpg 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="476" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Deployment of ASC-1</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-51-I_SYNCOM_IV-4_deployment.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Deployment of Syncom IV-4 (Leasat-4)"><img alt="Deployment of Syncom IV-4 (Leasat-4)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/STS-51-I_SYNCOM_IV-4_deployment.jpg/120px-STS-51-I_SYNCOM_IV-4_deployment.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/STS-51-I_SYNCOM_IV-4_deployment.jpg/180px-STS-51-I_SYNCOM_IV-4_deployment.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/STS-51-I_SYNCOM_IV-4_deployment.jpg/240px-STS-51-I_SYNCOM_IV-4_deployment.jpg 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="476" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Deployment of Syncom IV-4 (Leasat-4)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Space_Shuttle_Discovery_Lands_at_Edwards_Air_Force_Base.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Space Shuttle Discovery Landing"><img alt="Space Shuttle Discovery Landing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Space_Shuttle_Discovery_Lands_at_Edwards_Air_Force_Base.jpg/120px-Space_Shuttle_Discovery_Lands_at_Edwards_Air_Force_Base.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Space_Shuttle_Discovery_Lands_at_Edwards_Air_Force_Base.jpg/180px-Space_Shuttle_Discovery_Lands_at_Edwards_Air_Force_Base.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Space_Shuttle_Discovery_Lands_at_Edwards_Air_Force_Base.jpg/240px-Space_Shuttle_Discovery_Lands_at_Edwards_Air_Force_Base.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1255" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Space Shuttle Discovery Landing</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STS-51-I&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jsc.nasa.gov/history/shuttle_pk/pk/Flight_020_STS-51I_Press_Kit.pdf">"STS-51-I Press Kit"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. NASA. February 11, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=STS-51-I+Press+Kit&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=2015-02-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jsc.nasa.gov%2Fhistory%2Fshuttle_pk%2Fpk%2FFlight_020_STS-51I_Press_Kit.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASTS-51-I" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-spacefacts-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-spacefacts_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-spacefacts_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-spacefacts_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spacefacts.de/mission/english/sts-51i.htm">"STS-51I"</a>. Spacefacts<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 26,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=STS-51I&rft.pub=Spacefacts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspacefacts.de%2Fmission%2Fenglish%2Fsts-51i.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASTS-51-I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Toole1985" class="citation news cs1">O'Toole, Thomas (August 24, 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1985/08/25/rain-delays-discoverys-liftoff/223c11b9-1a7c-4fda-8d48-95dac276d1a5/">"Rain Delays Discovery's Liftoff"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Rain+Delays+Discovery%27s+Liftoff&rft.date=1985-08-24&rft.aulast=O%27Toole&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1985%2F08%2F25%2Frain-delays-discoverys-liftoff%2F223c11b9-1a7c-4fda-8d48-95dac276d1a5%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASTS-51-I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Toole1985" class="citation news cs1">O'Toole, Thomas (August 26, 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1985/08/26/computer-failure-grounds-shuttle/aa30cb72-0c2e-4a4c-8d5f-2651a4f2b43f/">"Computer Failure Grounds Shuttle"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Computer+Failure+Grounds+Shuttle&rft.date=1985-08-26&rft.aulast=O%27Toole&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1985%2F08%2F26%2Fcomputer-failure-grounds-shuttle%2Faa30cb72-0c2e-4a4c-8d5f-2651a4f2b43f%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASTS-51-I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chronology-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chronology_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFries2007" class="citation news cs1">Fries, Colin (June 25, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231220093919/https://history.nasa.gov/wakeup%20calls.pdf">"Chronology of Wakeup Calls"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. NASA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.nasa.gov/wakeup%20calls.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on December 20, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 13,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Chronology+of+Wakeup+Calls&rft.date=2007-06-25&rft.aulast=Fries&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.nasa.gov%2Fwakeup%2520calls.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASTS-51-I" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chosen to waken the crew as they passed over <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chosen due to <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Elena" title="Hurricane Elena">Hurricane Elena</a>, which had been observed earlier from Discovery.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=STS-51-I&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/">NASA mission summary</a> <a 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href="/wiki/Template:Space_Shuttle_Discovery" title="Template:Space Shuttle Discovery"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Space_Shuttle_Discovery" title="Template talk:Space Shuttle Discovery"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Space_Shuttle_Discovery" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Space Shuttle Discovery"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Space_Shuttle_Discovery_(OV-103)104" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Discovery" title="Space Shuttle Discovery">Space Shuttle <i>Discovery</i></a> (OV-103)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Completed flights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-41-D" title="STS-41-D">STS-41-D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-A" title="STS-51-A">STS-51-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-C" title="STS-51-C">STS-51-C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-D" title="STS-51-D">STS-51-D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-G" title="STS-51-G">STS-51-G</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">STS-51-I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-26" title="STS-26">STS-26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-29" title="STS-29">STS-29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-33" title="STS-33">STS-33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-31" title="STS-31">STS-31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-41" title="STS-41">STS-41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-39" title="STS-39">STS-39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-48" title="STS-48">STS-48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-42" title="STS-42">STS-42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-53" title="STS-53">STS-53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-56" title="STS-56">STS-56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51" title="STS-51">STS-51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-60" title="STS-60">STS-60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-64" title="STS-64">STS-64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-63" title="STS-63">STS-63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-70" title="STS-70">STS-70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-82" title="STS-82">STS-82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-85" title="STS-85">STS-85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-91" title="STS-91">STS-91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-95" title="STS-95">STS-95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-96" title="STS-96">STS-96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-103" title="STS-103">STS-103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-92" title="STS-92">STS-92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-102" title="STS-102">STS-102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-105" title="STS-105">STS-105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-114" title="STS-114">STS-114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-121" title="STS-121">STS-121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-116" title="STS-116">STS-116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-120" title="STS-120">STS-120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-124" title="STS-124">STS-124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-119" title="STS-119">STS-119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-128" title="STS-128">STS-128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-131" title="STS-131">STS-131</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-133" title="STS-133">STS-133</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-133_Space_Shuttle_Discovery_after_undocking_3_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/STS-133_Space_Shuttle_Discovery_after_undocking_3_%28cropped%29.jpg/130px-STS-133_Space_Shuttle_Discovery_after_undocking_3_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/STS-133_Space_Shuttle_Discovery_after_undocking_3_%28cropped%29.jpg/195px-STS-133_Space_Shuttle_Discovery_after_undocking_3_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/STS-133_Space_Shuttle_Discovery_after_undocking_3_%28cropped%29.jpg/260px-STS-133_Space_Shuttle_Discovery_after_undocking_3_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3336" data-file-height="2507" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Status</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Retired</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">On display</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steven_F._Udvar-Hazy_Center" title="Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center">Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Destiny_in_Space" title="Destiny in Space">Destiny in Space</a></i> (1994 documentary)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="U.S._Space_Shuttle_missions238" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:All_U.S._Space_Shuttle_Missions" title="Template:All U.S. Space Shuttle Missions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:All_U.S._Space_Shuttle_Missions" title="Template talk:All U.S. Space Shuttle Missions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:All_U.S._Space_Shuttle_Missions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:All U.S. Space Shuttle Missions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="U.S._Space_Shuttle_missions238" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_missions" title="List of Space Shuttle missions">U.S. Space Shuttle missions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Completed<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_crews" title="List of Space Shuttle crews">(crews)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1977 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Approach_and_Landing_Tests" title="Approach and Landing Tests">Approach and Landing Tests</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1981 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-1" title="STS-1">STS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-2" title="STS-2">STS-2</a></li></ul></li> <li>1982 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-3" title="STS-3">STS-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-4" title="STS-4">STS-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-5" title="STS-5">STS-5</a></li></ul></li> <li>1983 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-6" title="STS-6">STS-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-7" title="STS-7">STS-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-8" title="STS-8">STS-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-9" title="STS-9">STS-9</a></li></ul></li> <li>1984 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-41-B" title="STS-41-B">STS-41-B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-41-C" title="STS-41-C">STS-41-C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-41-D" title="STS-41-D">STS-41-D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-41-G" title="STS-41-G">STS-41-G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-A" title="STS-51-A">STS-51-A</a></li></ul></li> <li>1985 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-C" title="STS-51-C">STS-51-C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-D" title="STS-51-D">STS-51-D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-B" title="STS-51-B">STS-51-B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-G" title="STS-51-G">STS-51-G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-F" title="STS-51-F">STS-51-F</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">STS-51-I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-J" title="STS-51-J">STS-51-J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-A" title="STS-61-A">STS-61-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-B" title="STS-61-B">STS-61-B</a></li></ul></li> <li>1986 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-C" title="STS-61-C">STS-61-C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51-L" title="STS-51-L">STS-51-L</a>†</li></ul></li> <li>1988 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-26" title="STS-26">STS-26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-27" title="STS-27">STS-27</a></li></ul></li> <li>1989 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-29" title="STS-29">STS-29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-30" title="STS-30">STS-30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-28" title="STS-28">STS-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-34" title="STS-34">STS-34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-33" title="STS-33">STS-33</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1990 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-32" title="STS-32">STS-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-36" title="STS-36">STS-36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-31" title="STS-31">STS-31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-41" title="STS-41">STS-41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-38" title="STS-38">STS-38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-35" title="STS-35">STS-35</a></li></ul></li> <li>1991 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-37" title="STS-37">STS-37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-39" title="STS-39">STS-39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-40" title="STS-40">STS-40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-43" title="STS-43">STS-43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-48" title="STS-48">STS-48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-44" title="STS-44">STS-44</a></li></ul></li> <li>1992 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-42" title="STS-42">STS-42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-45" title="STS-45">STS-45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-49" title="STS-49">STS-49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-50" title="STS-50">STS-50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-46" title="STS-46">STS-46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-47" title="STS-47">STS-47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-52" title="STS-52">STS-52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-53" title="STS-53">STS-53</a></li></ul></li> <li>1993 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-54" title="STS-54">STS-54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-56" title="STS-56">STS-56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-55" title="STS-55">STS-55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-57" title="STS-57">STS-57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-51" title="STS-51">STS-51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-58" title="STS-58">STS-58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61" title="STS-61">STS-61</a></li></ul></li> <li>1994 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-60" title="STS-60">STS-60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-62" title="STS-62">STS-62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-59" title="STS-59">STS-59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-65" title="STS-65">STS-65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-64" title="STS-64">STS-64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-68" title="STS-68">STS-68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-66" title="STS-66">STS-66</a></li></ul></li> <li>1995 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-63" title="STS-63">STS-63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-67" title="STS-67">STS-67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-71" title="STS-71">STS-71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-70" title="STS-70">STS-70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-69" title="STS-69">STS-69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-73" title="STS-73">STS-73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-74" title="STS-74">STS-74</a></li></ul></li> <li>1996 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-72" title="STS-72">STS-72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-75" title="STS-75">STS-75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-76" title="STS-76">STS-76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-77" title="STS-77">STS-77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-78" title="STS-78">STS-78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-79" title="STS-79">STS-79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-80" title="STS-80">STS-80</a></li></ul></li> <li>1997 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-81" title="STS-81">STS-81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-82" title="STS-82">STS-82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-83" title="STS-83">STS-83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-84" title="STS-84">STS-84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-94" title="STS-94">STS-94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-85" title="STS-85">STS-85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-86" title="STS-86">STS-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-87" title="STS-87">STS-87</a></li></ul></li> <li>1998 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-89" title="STS-89">STS-89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-90" title="STS-90">STS-90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-91" title="STS-91">STS-91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-95" title="STS-95">STS-95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-88" title="STS-88">STS-88</a></li></ul></li> <li>1999 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-96" title="STS-96">STS-96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-93" title="STS-93">STS-93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-103" title="STS-103">STS-103</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2000 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-99" title="STS-99">STS-99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-101" title="STS-101">STS-101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-106" title="STS-106">STS-106</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-92" title="STS-92">STS-92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-97" title="STS-97">STS-97</a></li></ul></li> <li>2001 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-98" title="STS-98">STS-98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-102" title="STS-102">STS-102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-100" title="STS-100">STS-100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-104" title="STS-104">STS-104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-105" title="STS-105">STS-105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-108" title="STS-108">STS-108</a></li></ul></li> <li>2002 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-109" title="STS-109">STS-109</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-110" title="STS-110">STS-110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-111" title="STS-111">STS-111</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-112" title="STS-112">STS-112</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-113" title="STS-113">STS-113</a></li></ul></li> <li>2003 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-107" title="STS-107">STS-107</a>†</li></ul></li> <li>2005 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-114" title="STS-114">STS-114</a></li></ul></li> <li>2006 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-121" title="STS-121">STS-121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-115" title="STS-115">STS-115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-116" title="STS-116">STS-116</a></li></ul></li> <li>2007 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-117" title="STS-117">STS-117</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-118" title="STS-118">STS-118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-120" title="STS-120">STS-120</a></li></ul></li> <li>2008 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-122" title="STS-122">STS-122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-123" title="STS-123">STS-123</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-124" title="STS-124">STS-124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-126" title="STS-126">STS-126</a></li></ul></li> <li>2009 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-119" title="STS-119">STS-119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-125" title="STS-125">STS-125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-127" title="STS-127">STS-127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-128" title="STS-128">STS-128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-129" title="STS-129">STS-129</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2010 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-130" title="STS-130">STS-130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-131" title="STS-131">STS-131</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-132" title="STS-132">STS-132</a></li></ul></li> <li>2011 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-133" title="STS-133">STS-133</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-134" title="STS-134">STS-134</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-135" title="STS-135">STS-135</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canceled_Space_Shuttle_missions" title="Canceled Space Shuttle missions">Cancelled</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canceled_Space_Shuttle_missions" title="Canceled Space Shuttle missions">STS-41-F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-E" title="STS-61-E">STS-61-E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-F" title="STS-61-F">STS-61-F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-G" title="STS-61-G">STS-61-G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-H" title="STS-61-H">STS-61-H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-62-A" title="STS-62-A">STS-62-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-M" title="STS-61-M">STS-61-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-J" title="STS-61-J">STS-61-J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canceled_Space_Shuttle_missions" title="Canceled Space Shuttle missions">STS-144</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-3xx" title="STS-3xx">STS-3xx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-400" title="STS-400">STS-400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canceled_Space_Shuttle_missions" title="Canceled Space Shuttle missions">Others</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_orbiter" title="Space Shuttle orbiter">Orbiters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Atlantis" title="Space Shuttle Atlantis">Atlantis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger" title="Space Shuttle Challenger">Challenger</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Challenger disaster">disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Commission_Report" title="Rogers Commission Report">report</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia" title="Space Shuttle Columbia">Columbia</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Columbia disaster">disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Accident_Investigation_Board" title="Columbia Accident Investigation Board">investigation</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Discovery" title="Space Shuttle Discovery">Discovery</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Endeavour" title="Space Shuttle Endeavour">Endeavour</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Enterprise" title="Space Shuttle Enterprise">Enterprise</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>†</sup> indicates failure missions.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="←_1984Orbital_launches_in_19851986_→627" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orbital_launches_in_1985" title="Template:Orbital launches in 1985"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orbital_launches_in_1985" title="Template talk:Orbital launches in 1985"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital_launches_in_1985" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital launches in 1985"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_1984Orbital_launches_in_19851986_→627" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div style="float: left;"><a href="/wiki/1984_in_spaceflight" title="1984 in spaceflight">← 1984</a></div><a href="/wiki/1985_in_spaceflight" title="1985 in spaceflight"><span class="vevent"><span class="summary">Orbital launches in <span class="dtstart">1985</span></span></span></a><div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/1986_in_spaceflight" title="1986 in spaceflight">1986 →</a></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">January</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-51-C" title="STS-51-C">STS-51-C</a></u> (<a href="/wiki/USA-8" class="mw-redirect" title="USA-8">USA-8</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">February</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-9 (page does not exist)">USA-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabsat-1A" title="Arabsat-1A">Arabsat-1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasilsat_A1" title="Brasilsat A1">Brasilsat A1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">March</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geosat" title="Geosat">Geosat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intelsat_510&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intelsat 510 (page does not exist)">Intelsat VA F-10</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">April</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-51-D" title="STS-51-D">STS-51-D</a></u> (<a href="/wiki/Anik_(satellite)" title="Anik (satellite)">Anik C1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leasat_3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leasat 3 (page does not exist)">Leasat 3</a>)</li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-51-B" title="STS-51-B">STS-51-B</a></u> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nusat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nusat (page does not exist)">Nusat</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">May</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GStar-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GStar-1 (page does not exist)">GStar-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecom_1B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecom 1B (page does not exist)">Telecom 1B</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">June</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_T-13" title="Soyuz T-13">Soyuz T-13</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-51-G" title="STS-51-G">STS-51-G</a></u> (<a href="/wiki/Morelos_Satellite_System#Morelos_I" title="Morelos Satellite System">Morelos 1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabsat-1B" title="Arabsat-1B">Arabsat-1B</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Telstar_3D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telstar 3D (page does not exist)">Telstar 3D</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=SPARTAN-101&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SPARTAN-101 (page does not exist)">SPARTAN-101</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_24" title="Progress 24">Progress 24</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intelsat_511&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intelsat 511 (page does not exist)">Intelsat VA F-11</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">July</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giotto_(spacecraft)" title="Giotto (spacecraft)">Giotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1669" title="Kosmos 1669">Kosmos 1669</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-51-F" title="STS-51-F">STS-51-F</a></u> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Plasma_Diagnostics_Package&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plasma Diagnostics Package (page does not exist)">PDP</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">August</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a class="mw-selflink selflink">STS-51-I</a></u> (<a href="/wiki/Optus_(satellite)#Aussat_(Optus)_A1" title="Optus (satellite)">Aussat A1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=ASC-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ASC-1 (page does not exist)">ASC-1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leasat_4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leasat 4 (page does not exist)">Leasat 4</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">September</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spacenet_3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spacenet 3 (page does not exist)">Spacenet 3</a></i></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_T-14" title="Soyuz T-14">Soyuz T-14</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1686" title="Kosmos 1686">Kosmos 1686</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intelsat_512&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intelsat 512 (page does not exist)">Intelsat VA F-12</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">October</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-51-J" title="STS-51-J">STS-51-J</a></u> (<a href="/wiki/USA-11" class="mw-redirect" title="USA-11">USA-11</a>, <a href="/wiki/USA-12" class="mw-redirect" title="USA-12">USA-12</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-10" title="USA-10">USA-10</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-61-A" title="STS-61-A">STS-61-A</a></u> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=GLOMR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GLOMR (page does not exist)">GLOMR</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">November</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-61-B" title="STS-61-B">STS-61-B</a></u> (<a href="/wiki/Morelos_Satellite_System#Morelos_II" title="Morelos Satellite System">Morelos 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Optus_(satellite)#Aussat_(Optus)_A2" title="Optus (satellite)">Aussat A2</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Satcom_K2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satcom K2 (page does not exist)">Satcom K2</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiter_Experiments&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orbiter Experiments (page does not exist)">OEX</a>, <a href="/wiki/EASE/ACCESS" title="EASE/ACCESS">EASE/ACCESS</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unknown<br />month</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sakigake" title="Sakigake">Sakigake</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1616&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1616 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1616</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1617&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1617 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1617</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1618&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1618 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1618</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1619&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1619 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1619</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1620&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1620 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1620</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1621&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1621 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1621</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1622&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1622 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1622</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-3_No.36&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-3 No.36 (page does not exist)">Molniya-3 No.36</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1623&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1623 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1623</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1624&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1624 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1624</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gorizont_No.21L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gorizont No.21L (page does not exist)">Gorizont No.21L</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1625&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1625 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1625</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1626&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1626 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1626</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1627&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1627 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1627</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1628&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1628 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1628</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meteor-2_No.13&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meteor-2 No.13 (page does not exist)">Meteor-2 No.13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1629" title="Kosmos 1629">Kosmos 1629</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1630&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1630 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1630</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1631&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1631 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1631</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1632&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1632 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1632</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1633&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1633 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1633</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1634&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1634 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1634</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1635&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1635 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1635</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1636&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1636 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1636</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1637&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1637 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1637</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1638&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1638 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1638</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1639&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1639 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1639</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1640&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1640 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1640</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1641&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1641 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1641</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1642&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1642 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1642</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekran_No.28L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekran No.28L (page does not exist)">Ekran No.28L</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1643&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1643 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1643</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1644&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1644 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1644</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=April_1985_Zenit-2_launch_failure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="April 1985 Zenit-2 launch failure (page does not exist)">Unnamed</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1645&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1645 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1645</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1646&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1646 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1646</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1647&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1647 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1647</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1648&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1648 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1648</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prognoz_10&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prognoz 10 (page does not exist)">Prognoz 10</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1649&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1649 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1649</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1650&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1650 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1650</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1651&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1651 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1651</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1652&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1652 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1652</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1653&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1653 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1653</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1654&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1654 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1654</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-3_No.39&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-3 No.39 (page does not exist)">Molniya-3 No.39</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1655&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1655 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1655</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1656&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1656 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1656</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1657&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1657 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1657</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1658" title="Kosmos 1658">Kosmos 1658</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1659&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1659 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1659</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1660&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1660 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1660</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1661" title="Kosmos 1661">Kosmos 1661</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1662&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1662 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1662</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1663&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1663 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1663</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1985-053A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1985-053A (page does not exist)">Unnamed</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1664&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1664 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1664</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1665&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1665 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1665</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1666&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1666 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1666</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1667" title="Kosmos 1667">Kosmos 1667</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1668&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1668 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1668</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-3_No.37&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-3 No.37 (page does not exist)">Molniya-3 No.37</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1670&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1670 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1670</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1671&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1671 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1671</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transit-O_24&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transit-O 24 (page does not exist)">Transit-O 24</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transit-O_30&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transit-O 30 (page does not exist)">Transit-O 30</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1672&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1672 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1672</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1672&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1672 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1672</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1673&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1673 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1673</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1674&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1674 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1674</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gran%27_No.26L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gran' No.26L (page does not exist)">Gran' No.26L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1675" title="Kosmos 1675">Kosmos 1675</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1676&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1676 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1676</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suisei_(spacecraft)" title="Suisei (spacecraft)">Suisei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-1_No.61&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-1 No.61 (page does not exist)">Molniya-1 No.61</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1677&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1677 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1677</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titan_34D-7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Titan 34D-7 (page does not exist)">Unnamed</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1678&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1678 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1678</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1679&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1679 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1679</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1680&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1680 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1680</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1681&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1681 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1681</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=ECS-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ECS-3 (page does not exist)">ECS-3</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1682&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1682 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1682</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1683&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1683 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1683</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1684" title="Kosmos 1684">Kosmos 1684</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1685&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1685 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1685</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1687" title="Kosmos 1687">Kosmos 1687</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1688&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1688 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1688</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1689&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1689 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1689</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-3_No.38&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-3 No.38 (page does not exist)">Molniya-3 No.38</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1690&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1690 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1690</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1695&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1695 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1695</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1692&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1692 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1692</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1693&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1693 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1693</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1694&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1694 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1694</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1691&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1691 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1691</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1696&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1696 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1696</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fanhui_Shi_Weixing_8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fanhui Shi Weixing 8 (page does not exist)">Fanhui Shi Weixing 8</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1697&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1697 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1697</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1698" title="Kosmos 1698">Kosmos 1698</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-1_No.73&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-1 No.73 (page does not exist)">Molniya-1 No.73</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=October_1985_Kosmos-3M_launch_failure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="October 1985 Kosmos-3M launch failure (page does not exist)">Unnamed</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meteor-3_No.2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meteor-3 No.2 (page does not exist)">Meteor-3 No.2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1699&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1699 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1699</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1700&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1700 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1700</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-1_No.56&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-1 No.56 (page does not exist)">Molniya-1 No.56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1701" title="Kosmos 1701">Kosmos 1701</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1702&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1702 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1702</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gran%27_No.28L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gran' No.28L (page does not exist)">Gran' No.28L</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1703&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1703 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1703</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1704&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1704 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1704</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1705&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1705 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1705</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1706&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1706 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1706</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1707&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1707 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1707</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-13&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-13 (page does not exist)">USA-13</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-14&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-14 (page does not exist)">USA-14</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1708&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1708 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1708</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1709&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1709 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1709</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-3_No.40&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-3 No.40 (page does not exist)">Molniya-3 No.40</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1710&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1710 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1710</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1711&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1711 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1711</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1712&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1712 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1712</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meteor-2_No.14&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meteor-2 No.14 (page does not exist)">Meteor-2 No.14</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1713&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1713 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1713</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_1714&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 1714 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 1714</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated in <u>underline</u>. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in <i>italics</i>. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=STS-51-I&oldid=1275909121">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=STS-51-I&oldid=1275909121</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Space_Shuttle_missions" title="Category:Space Shuttle missions">Space Shuttle missions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Edwards_Air_Force_Base" title="Category:Edwards Air Force Base">Edwards Air Force Base</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1985_in_spaceflight" title="Category:1985 in spaceflight">1985 in spaceflight</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1985_in_the_United_States" title="Category:1985 in the United States">1985 in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spacecraft_launched_in_1985" title="Category:Spacecraft launched in 1985">Spacecraft launched in 1985</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spacecraft_which_reentered_in_1985" title="Category:Spacecraft which reentered in 1985">Spacecraft which reentered in 1985</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Satellite_servicing_missions" title="Category:Satellite servicing missions">Satellite servicing missions</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Source_attribution" title="Category:Source attribution">Source attribution</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_January_2014" title="Category:Use American English from January 2014">Use American English from January 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_October_2022" title="Category:Use mdy dates from October 2022">Use mdy dates from October 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 15 February 2025, at 20:24<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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