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href="//web.archive.org/web/20150331223824cs_/http://bits.wikimedia.org/en.wikipedia.org/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=ext.gadget.DRN-wizard%2CReferenceTooltips%2Ccharinsert%2Cfeatured-articles-links%2CrefToolbar%2Cswitcher%2Cteahouse%7Cext.rtlcite%2Cwikihiero%2CwikimediaBadges%7Cext.uls.nojs%7Cext.visualEditor.viewPageTarget.noscript%7Cmediawiki.legacy.commonPrint%2Cshared%7Cmediawiki.sectionAnchor%7Cmediawiki.skinning.interface%7Cmediawiki.ui.button%7Cskins.vector.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector&*"/> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150331223824cs_/http://bits.wikimedia.org/en.wikipedia.org/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=site&only=styles&skin=vector&*"/> <style>a:lang(ar),a:lang(kk-arab),a:lang(mzn),a:lang(ps),a:lang(ur){text-decoration:none} /* cache key: enwiki:resourceloader:filter:minify-css:7:3904d24a08aa08f6a68dc338f9be277e */</style> <script src="//web.archive.org/web/20150331223824js_/http://bits.wikimedia.org/en.wikipedia.org/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&skin=vector&*"></script> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150331223824/http://meta.wikimedia.org/"/>  </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-Geography_of_Malaysia skin-vector action-view"> <div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Geography of Malaysia</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content"> <div id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> <div id="contentSub"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom"> (Redirected from <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Climate_of_Malaysia&redirect=no" title="Climate of Malaysia">Climate of Malaysia</a>)</span></div> <div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump"> Jump to: <a href="#mw-head">navigation</a>, <a href="#p-search">search</a> </div> <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:My-map.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150331223824im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/My-map.png/300px-My-map.png" width="300" height="152" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150331223824im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/My-map.png/450px-My-map.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150331223824im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/My-map.png/600px-My-map.png 2x" data-file-width="632" data-file-height="321"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:My-map.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> A map of <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>.</div> </div> </div> <table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:22em"> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">Geography of Malaysia</th> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Continent</th> <td><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Region</th> <td><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Coordinates</th> <td>2°30'N 112°30'E</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Area</th> <td><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">Ranked 67th</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left"> • Total</th> <td>329,847 km<sup>2</sup> (127,355 sq mi)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left"> • Land</th> <td>99.63%</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left"> • Water</th> <td>0.37%</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Coastline</th> <td>4,675 km (2,905 mi)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Borders</th> <td><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_borders" title="Land borders" class="mw-redirect">Total land borders</a><br/> 2,669 km (1,658 mi)<br/> <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>:<br/> 506 km (314 mi)<br/> <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>:<br/> 1,782 km (1,107 mi)<br/> <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>:<br/> 281 km (175 mi)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Highest point</th> <td><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Kinabalu" title="Mount Kinabalu">Mount Kinabalu</a> (4,095 m)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Lowest point</th> <td><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a> (0 m)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Longest river</th> <td><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajang_River" title="Rajang River">Rajang River</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Largest lake</th> <td><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bera_Lake" title="Bera Lake">Bera Lake</a></td> </tr> </table> <p>The <b>geography of Malaysia</b> deals with the tropical climate of <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, a country located in <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>. There are two distinct parts to this country being <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia" title="Peninsular Malaysia">Peninsular Malaysia</a> to the west and <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Malaysia" title="East Malaysia">East Malaysia</a> to the east.</p> <p>Peninsular Malaysia is located south of <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, north of <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> and east of the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesian</a> island of <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>. East Malaysia comprises most of the northern part of <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a> and shares borders with <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> and <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>.</p> <p></p> <div id="toc" class="toc"> <div id="toctitle"> <h2>Contents</h2> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Climate"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Climate</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Geology"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Geology</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Mountain_ranges"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Mountain ranges</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Forests"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Forests</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Caves"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Caves</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Islands"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Islands</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Extreme_points"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Extreme points</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Bodies_of_water"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Bodies of water</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Lakes"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Lakes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Rivers"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Rivers</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Wildlife"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Wildlife</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Natural_disasters"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Natural disasters</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Flooding"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Flooding</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Seismic_activity"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Seismic activity</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Natural_resources"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Natural resources</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Minerals_and_petroleum"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Minerals and petroleum</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Forestry"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Forestry</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Land_use"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">Land use</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Human_geography"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Human geography</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#Political_geography"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Political geography</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Border_disputes"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Border disputes</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <p></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Climate">Climate</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Malaysia_on_satellite_map_(NASA_World_Wind).PNG" class="image"><img alt="Globe centred on Malaysia" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150331223824im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Malaysia_on_satellite_map_%28NASA_World_Wind%29.PNG/220px-Malaysia_on_satellite_map_%28NASA_World_Wind%29.PNG" width="220" height="220" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150331223824im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Malaysia_on_satellite_map_%28NASA_World_Wind%29.PNG/330px-Malaysia_on_satellite_map_%28NASA_World_Wind%29.PNG 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150331223824im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Malaysia_on_satellite_map_%28NASA_World_Wind%29.PNG/440px-Malaysia_on_satellite_map_%28NASA_World_Wind%29.PNG 2x" data-file-width="492" data-file-height="491"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Malaysia_on_satellite_map_(NASA_World_Wind).PNG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> Malaysia is located in the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropics" title="Tropics">equatorial region</a>, and has a <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_rainforest_climate" title="Tropical rainforest climate">tropical rainforest climate</a>.</div> </div> </div> <p>Located near the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">equator</a>, Malaysia's climate is categorised as <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equatorial_climate" title="Equatorial climate" class="mw-redirect">equatorial</a>, being hot and humid throughout the year. The average rainfall is 250 centimetres (98 in) a year<sup id="cite_ref-Swee-Hock_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swee-Hock-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> and the average temperature is 27 °C (80.6 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> The climates of the Peninsula and the East differ, as the climate on the peninsula is directly affected by wind from the mainland, as opposed to the more maritime weather of the East. Malaysia is exposed to the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Ni%C3%B1o" title="El Niño">El Niño</a> effect, which reduces rainfall in the dry season. <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">Climate change</a> is likely to have a significant effect on Malaysia, increasing <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">sea levels</a> and rainfall, increasing flooding risks and leading to large droughts.<sup id="cite_ref-Marshall_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marshall-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Malaysia faces two <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a> winds seasons, the Southwest Monsoon from late May to September, and the Northeast Monsoon from November to March. The Northeast Monsoon brings in more rainfall compared to the Southwest Monsoon,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> originating in <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Pacific" title="North Pacific" class="mw-redirect">north Pacific</a>. The southwest monsoon originates from the deserts of <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>. March and October form transitions between the two monsoons.<sup id="cite_ref-Marshall_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marshall-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Local climates are affected by the presence of mountain ranges throughout Malaysia, and climate can be divided into that of the highlands, the lowlands, and coastal regions. The coasts have a sunny climate, with temperatures ranging between 23 °C (73.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F), and rainfall ranging from 10 centimetres (4 in) to 30 centimetres (12 in) a month. The lowlands have a similar temperature, but follow a more distinctive rainfall pattern and show very high humidity levels. The highlands are cooler and wetter, and display a greater temperature variation. A large amount of cloud cover is present over the highlands, which have humidity levels that do not fall below 75%.<sup id="cite_ref-Marshall_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marshall-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>The highest temperature was recorded at <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuping" title="Chuping">Chuping</a>, <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlis" title="Perlis">Perlis</a> on 9 April 1998 at 40.1 °C (104.2 °F). The lowest temperature was recorded at <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameron_Highlands" title="Cameron Highlands">Cameron Highlands</a> on 1 February 1978 at 7.8 °C (46.0 °F). The highest rainfall recorded in a day was 608 mm (23.9 in) in <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Bharu" title="Kota Bharu">Kota Bharu</a>, <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a> on 6 January 1967. The highest rainfall recorded in a year was 5,687 mm (223.9 in) at <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandakan" title="Sandakan">Sandakan</a>, <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a> in 2006. Meanwhile, the lowest rainfall recorded in a year was 1,151 mm (45.3 in) at <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawau" title="Tawau">Tawau</a>, <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a> in 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-climate_stats_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-climate_stats-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> The wettest place in Malaysia is Kuching, <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a> with an average rainfall of 4,128 mm (162.5 in) with 247 days of rain a year. The driest place in Malaysia is in <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuping" title="Chuping">Chuping</a>, <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlis" title="Perlis">Perlis</a> with average rainfall of only 1,746 mm (68.7 in) a year.<sup id="cite_ref-climate_stats_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-climate_stats-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" style="min-width:50em; margin:auto;"> <tr> <th colspan="7">Malaysia - Projected and Actual Annual Rainfall Statistics for 2013</th> </tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">Number</th> <th rowspan="2">Location<br/> (City/Town/Village)</th> <th rowspan="2">State</th> <th colspan="2">Projected Total<br/> Average Rainfall<br/> (Jan - Dec 2013)</th> <th colspan="2">Actual Rainfall<br/> (1 Jan - 31 December 2013)</th> </tr> <tr> <th>mm</th> <th>in</th> <th>mm</th> <th>in</th> </tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeli#Climate" title="Jeli">Batu 13 Jeli</a></td> <td>Kelantan</td> <td style="text-align: right;">6,468.9</td> <td style="text-align: right;">254.68</td> <td style="text-align: right;">3,810.5</td> <td style="text-align: right;">150.02</td> </tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150331223824/http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung_Gagau" class="extiw" title="ms:Gunung Gagau">Gunung Gagau</a></td> <td>Kelantan</td> <td style="text-align: right;">6,207</td> <td style="text-align: right;">244.4</td> <td style="text-align: right;">5,072</td> <td style="text-align: right;">199.7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherating#Climate" title="Cherating">Cherating</a></td> <td>Pahang</td> <td style="text-align: right;">4,533.0</td> <td style="text-align: right;">178.46</td> <td style="text-align: right;">3,439.8</td> <td style="text-align: right;">135.43</td> </tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>Kuching</td> <td>Sarawak</td> <td style="text-align: right;">4,485.9</td> <td style="text-align: right;">176.61</td> <td style="text-align: right;">4,167.2</td> <td style="text-align: right;">164.06</td> </tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150331223824/http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalok#Iklim" class="extiw" title="ms:Chalok">Chalok Setiu</a></td> <td>Terengganu</td> <td style="text-align: right;">4,475.1</td> <td style="text-align: right;">176.19</td> <td style="text-align: right;">4,059</td> <td style="text-align: right;">159.8</td> </tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150331223824/http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Permaisuri#Iklim" class="extiw" title="ms:Bandar Permaisuri">Kg Besut Setiu</a></td> <td>Terengganu</td> <td style="text-align: right;">4,438.6</td> <td style="text-align: right;">174.75</td> <td style="text-align: right;">4,679</td> <td style="text-align: right;">184.2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukit_Larut#Climate" title="Bukit Larut">Bukit Larut, Taiping</a></td> <td>Perak</td> <td style="text-align: right;">4,173.9</td> <td style="text-align: right;">164.33</td> <td style="text-align: right;">3,616</td> <td style="text-align: right;">142.4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>Kapit</td> <td>Sarawak</td> <td style="text-align: right;">4,126.4</td> <td style="text-align: right;">162.46</td> <td style="text-align: right;">4,174.7</td> <td style="text-align: right;">164.36</td> </tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td>Bintulu</td> <td>Sarawak</td> <td style="text-align: right;">4,091.7</td> <td style="text-align: right;">161.09</td> <td style="text-align: right;">3,987.5</td> <td style="text-align: right;">156.99</td> </tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gong_Kedak#Climate" title="Gong Kedak">Gong Kedak</a></td> <td>Terengganu</td> <td style="text-align: right;">3,908.9</td> <td style="text-align: right;">153.89</td> <td style="text-align: right;">3,274.8</td> <td style="text-align: right;">128.93</td> </tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibu#Geography_and_climate" title="Sibu">Sibu</a></td> <td>Sarawak</td> <td style="text-align: right;">3,741.5</td> <td style="text-align: right;">147.30</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,774.8</td> <td style="text-align: right;">109.24</td> </tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td>Limbang</td> <td>Sarawak</td> <td style="text-align: right;">3,661.4</td> <td style="text-align: right;">144.15</td> <td style="text-align: right;">3,010.1</td> <td style="text-align: right;">118.51</td> </tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td>Sandakan</td> <td>Sabah</td> <td style="text-align: right;">3,594.7</td> <td style="text-align: right;">141.52</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,677.8</td> <td style="text-align: right;">105.43</td> </tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td>Sri Aman</td> <td>Sarawak</td> <td style="text-align: right;">3,543.6</td> <td style="text-align: right;">139.51</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,797.5</td> <td style="text-align: right;">110.14</td> </tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td>Labuan</td> <td>Labuan</td> <td style="text-align: right;">3,364.7</td> <td style="text-align: right;">132.47</td> <td style="text-align: right;">3,119.8</td> <td style="text-align: right;">122.83</td> </tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petaling_Jaya#Climate" title="Petaling Jaya">Petaling Jaya</a></td> <td>Selangor</td> <td style="text-align: right;">3,288.7</td> <td style="text-align: right;">129.48</td> <td style="text-align: right;">3,540</td> <td style="text-align: right;">139</td> </tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td>Kuantan</td> <td>Pahang</td> <td style="text-align: right;">3,156.3</td> <td style="text-align: right;">124.26</td> <td style="text-align: right;">3,572.9</td> <td style="text-align: right;">140.67</td> </tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameron_Highlands#Climate" title="Cameron Highlands">Cameron Highlands</a></td> <td>Pahang</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,953.5</td> <td style="text-align: right;">116.28</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,827.2</td> <td style="text-align: right;">111.31</td> </tr> <tr> <td>19</td> <td>Miri</td> <td>Sarawak</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,917.6</td> <td style="text-align: right;">114.87</td> <td style="text-align: right;">3,168</td> <td style="text-align: right;">124.7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td>Kudat</td> <td>Sabah</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,913.1</td> <td style="text-align: right;">114.69</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,039.6</td> <td style="text-align: right;">80.30</td> </tr> <tr> <td>21</td> <td>Subang Jaya</td> <td>Selangor</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,900.7</td> <td style="text-align: right;">114.20</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,964.5</td> <td style="text-align: right;">116.71</td> </tr> <tr> <td>22</td> <td><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipoh#Climate" title="Ipoh">Ipoh</a></td> <td>Perak</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,881.6</td> <td style="text-align: right;">113.45</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,703.8</td> <td style="text-align: right;">106.45</td> </tr> <tr> <td>23</td> <td>Kota Kinabalu</td> <td>Sabah</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,843.6</td> <td style="text-align: right;">111.95</td> <td style="text-align: right;">3,169.6</td> <td style="text-align: right;">124.79</td> </tr> <tr> <td>24</td> <td>Kuala Terengganu</td> <td>Terengganu</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,833.7</td> <td style="text-align: right;">111.56</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,945.5</td> <td style="text-align: right;">115.96</td> </tr> <tr> <td>25</td> <td>Kuala Krai</td> <td>Kelantan</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,703.8</td> <td style="text-align: right;">106.45</td> <td style="text-align: right;">3,168.8</td> <td style="text-align: right;">124.76</td> </tr> <tr> <td>26</td> <td>Kota Bharu</td> <td>Kelantan</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,679.8</td> <td style="text-align: right;">105.50</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,226.2</td> <td style="text-align: right;">87.65</td> </tr> <tr> <td>27</td> <td><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langkawi#Climate" title="Langkawi">Langkawi</a></td> <td>Kedah</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,533.9</td> <td style="text-align: right;">99.76</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,665.4</td> <td style="text-align: right;">104.94</td> </tr> <tr> <td>28</td> <td>Mersing</td> <td>Johor</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,528.1</td> <td style="text-align: right;">99.53</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,905.2</td> <td style="text-align: right;">114.38</td> </tr> <tr> <td>29</td> <td>Senai</td> <td>Johor</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,457.1</td> <td style="text-align: right;">96.74</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,876.4</td> <td style="text-align: right;">113.24</td> </tr> <tr> <td>30</td> <td>Muadzam Shah</td> <td>Pahang</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,367.7</td> <td style="text-align: right;">93.22</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,887.3</td> <td style="text-align: right;">113.67</td> </tr> <tr> <td>31</td> <td><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alor_Setar#Climate" title="Alor Setar">Alor Setar</a></td> <td>Kedah</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,329.0</td> <td style="text-align: right;">91.69</td> <td style="text-align: right;">1,840.8</td> <td style="text-align: right;">72.47</td> </tr> <tr> <td>32</td> <td><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayan_Lepas" title="Bayan Lepas">Bayan Lepas</a></td> <td>Penang</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,316.5</td> <td style="text-align: right;">91.20</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,357</td> <td style="text-align: right;">92.8</td> </tr> <tr> <td>33</td> <td><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterworth,_Penang#Climate" title="Butterworth, Penang">Butterworth</a></td> <td>Penang</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,240.1</td> <td style="text-align: right;">88.19</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,767.9</td> <td style="text-align: right;">108.97</td> </tr> <tr> <td>34</td> <td>Batu Embun, Jerantut</td> <td>Pahang</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,219.1</td> <td style="text-align: right;">87.37</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,581.1</td> <td style="text-align: right;">101.62</td> </tr> <tr> <td>35</td> <td>Kluang</td> <td>Johor</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,137.0</td> <td style="text-align: right;">84.13</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,018.8</td> <td style="text-align: right;">79.48</td> </tr> <tr> <td>36</td> <td>Batu Pahat</td> <td>Johor</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,112.8</td> <td style="text-align: right;">83.18</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,031.8</td> <td style="text-align: right;">79.99</td> </tr> <tr> <td>37</td> <td>Sepang KLIA</td> <td>Selangor</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,029.3</td> <td style="text-align: right;">79.89</td> <td style="text-align: right;">1,637.6</td> <td style="text-align: right;">64.47</td> </tr> <tr> <td>38</td> <td><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuping#Climate" title="Chuping">Chuping</a></td> <td>Perlis</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,023.4</td> <td style="text-align: right;">79.66</td> <td style="text-align: right;">1,735.6</td> <td style="text-align: right;">68.33</td> </tr> <tr> <td>39</td> <td>Temerloh</td> <td>Pahang</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,016.6</td> <td style="text-align: right;">79.39</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,410.2</td> <td style="text-align: right;">94.89</td> </tr> <tr> <td>40</td> <td><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150331223824/http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubok_Merbau#Iklim" class="extiw" title="ms:Lubok Merbau">Lubuk Merbau</a></td> <td>Perak</td> <td style="text-align: right;">1,915.9</td> <td style="text-align: right;">75.43</td> <td style="text-align: right;">1,519</td> <td style="text-align: right;">59.8</td> </tr> <tr> <td>41</td> <td><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitiawan#Climate" title="Sitiawan">Sitiawan</a></td> <td>Perak</td> <td style="text-align: right;">1,902.0</td> <td style="text-align: right;">74.88</td> <td style="text-align: right;">1,954.3</td> <td style="text-align: right;">76.94</td> </tr> <tr> <td>42</td> <td>Malacca City</td> <td>Malacca</td> <td style="text-align: right;">1,884.2</td> <td style="text-align: right;">74.18</td> <td style="text-align: right;">1,434.5</td> <td style="text-align: right;">56.48</td> </tr> </table> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Geology">Geology</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geology">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Location_map_Peninsula_Malaysia.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150331223824im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Location_map_Peninsula_Malaysia.png/220px-Location_map_Peninsula_Malaysia.png" width="220" height="268" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150331223824im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Location_map_Peninsula_Malaysia.png/330px-Location_map_Peninsula_Malaysia.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150331223824im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Location_map_Peninsula_Malaysia.png/440px-Location_map_Peninsula_Malaysia.png 2x" data-file-width="539" data-file-height="656"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Location_map_Peninsula_Malaysia.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> The topography of <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia" title="Peninsular Malaysia">Peninsular Malaysia</a>.</div> </div> </div> <p>Malaysia is located on the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunda_shelf" title="Sunda shelf" class="mw-redirect">Sunda shelf</a>, and is tectonically inactive. The oldest rocks in the country date from 540 million years ago, and are mostly <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimentary" title="Sedimentary" class="mw-redirect">sedimentary</a>. The most common form of rock is <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a>, formed during the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleozoic_Era" title="Paleozoic Era" class="mw-redirect">Paleozoic Era</a>. Limestone laid down in East Malaysia during the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertiary_period" title="Tertiary period" class="mw-redirect">Tertiary period</a> has since eroded, and such erosion forms basins of sedimentary rocks rich in oil and natural gas. The mountain ranges in Malaysia were formed through <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orogenesis" title="Orogenesis" class="mw-redirect">orogenesis</a> beginning in the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesozoic_era" title="Mesozoic era" class="mw-redirect">Mesozoic era</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Marshall_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marshall-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>The total land area of Malaysia is 329,847 square kilometres (127,350 sq mi), the 67th <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_and_outlying_territories_by_total_area" title="List of countries and outlying territories by total area" class="mw-redirect">largest country</a> in the world in terms of area.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_Fact_Book_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA_Fact_Book-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> It is the only country to contain land on both mainland <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> and the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_archipelago" title="Malay archipelago" class="mw-redirect">Malay archipelago</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Marshall_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marshall-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> Peninsular Malaysia makes up 132,090 square kilometres (51,000 sq mi),<sup id="cite_ref-Swee-Hock_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swee-Hock-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> or 39.7% of the country's land area, while East Malaysia covers 198,847 square kilometres (76,780 sq mi), or 60.3%. From the total land area, 1,200 square kilometres (460 sq mi) or 0.37% is made up of water such as lakes, rivers, or other internal waters. Malaysia has a total coastline of 4,675 kilometres (2,905 mi), and Peninsular Malaysia has 2,068 kilometres (1,285 mi), while East Malaysia has 2,607 kilometres (1,620 mi) of coastline.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_Fact_Book_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA_Fact_Book-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Malaysia has the 29th <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_length_of_coastline" title="List of countries by length of coastline">longest coastline</a> in the world. The two distinct parts of Malaysia, separated from each other by the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a>, share a largely similar landscape in that both <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia" title="Peninsular Malaysia">West</a> (Peninsular) and <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Malaysia" title="East Malaysia">East Malaysia</a> feature coastal plains rising to hills and mountains.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_Fact_Book_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA_Fact_Book-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Location_map_Malaysia_Borneo.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150331223824im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Location_map_Malaysia_Borneo.png/220px-Location_map_Malaysia_Borneo.png" width="220" height="152" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150331223824im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Location_map_Malaysia_Borneo.png/330px-Location_map_Malaysia_Borneo.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150331223824im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Location_map_Malaysia_Borneo.png/440px-Location_map_Malaysia_Borneo.png 2x" data-file-width="979" data-file-height="675"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Location_map_Malaysia_Borneo.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> The topography of Malaysian Borneo.</div> </div> </div> <p><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia" title="Peninsular Malaysia">Peninsular Malaysia</a> covers the southern half of the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Malay Peninsula</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Marshall_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marshall-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> and extends 740 kilometres (460 mi) from north to south, and its maximum width is 322 kilometres (200 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-Swee-Hock_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swee-Hock-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> It is mountainous, with more than half of it over 150 metres (492 ft) above <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">sea level</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Marshall_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marshall-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> About half of Peninsular Malaysia is covered by <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a> and other <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous_rock" title="Igneous rock">igneous rocks</a>, a third more is covered by stratified rocks older than the granite, and the remainder is covered by <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluvium" title="Alluvium">alluvium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Harbours are only available on the peninsula's western side,<sup id="cite_ref-Swee-Hock_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swee-Hock-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> and the most fertile land occurs when river valleys flow out to the sea. The coastal plains bordering the straits of Malacca are the most densely populated areas of Malaysia, and contains Malaysia's capital, <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Marshall_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marshall-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>East Malaysia, on the island of <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a>, has a coastline of 2,607 kilometres (1,620 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_Fact_Book_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA_Fact_Book-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> It is divided between coastal regions, hills and valleys, and a mountainous interior. There are only two major cities, <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuching" title="Kuching">Kuching</a> and <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Kinabalu" title="Kota Kinabalu">Kota Kinabalu</a>. Much of southern Sarawak is coastal lowlands, which shifts to a series of plateaus going north, ending in the mountainous regions of Sabah.<sup id="cite_ref-Marshall_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marshall-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Mountain_ranges">Mountain ranges</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mountain ranges">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mount_kinabalu_01.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150331223824im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Mount_kinabalu_01.png/220px-Mount_kinabalu_01.png" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150331223824im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Mount_kinabalu_01.png/330px-Mount_kinabalu_01.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150331223824im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Mount_kinabalu_01.png/440px-Mount_kinabalu_01.png 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mount_kinabalu_01.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Kinabalu" title="Mount Kinabalu">Mount Kinabalu</a>, the highest point of Malaysia, is located in <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a>.</div> </div> </div> <p>The highest mountain range in Malaysia is the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocker_Range" title="Crocker Range">Crocker Range</a> in Sabah, which divides the state in half. This range includes <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Kinabalu" title="Mount Kinabalu">Mount Kinabalu</a>, the highest mountain in the country,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> as well as <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Tambuyukon" title="Mount Tambuyukon">Mount Tambuyukon</a>, the third highest in the country. Mount Kinabalu, at 4,095.2 metres (13,436 ft), is the tallest mountain in Malaysia and is protected as <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinabalu_National_Park" title="Kinabalu National Park" class="mw-redirect">Kinabalu National Park</a>, a UNESCO <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Mountain ranges in the East tend to follow north-south or northeast-southwest paths, and the highest ranges form the border between Malaysia and Indonesia. The mountains contain many jagged limestone peaks.<sup id="cite_ref-Marshall_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marshall-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trus_Madi_Range" title="Trus Madi Range">Trus Madi Range</a>, also in Sabah, houses <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Trus_Madi" title="Mount Trus Madi" class="mw-redirect">Mount Trus Madi</a>, the second highest peak in Malaysia. <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Malaysia" title="List of volcanoes in Malaysia">Bombalai Hill</a> in Sabah is the only active <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">volcano</a> in Malaysia.</p> <p>Peninsular Malaysia contains numerous mountain ranges running parallel from north to south along the peninsula.<sup id="cite_ref-Marshall_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marshall-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> The main mountain range is the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titiwangsa_Mountains" title="Titiwangsa Mountains">Titiwangsa Mountains</a>, which divides the peninsula between its east and west coasts.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> It houses <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Korbu" title="Mount Korbu">Mount Korbu</a>, the second highest peak in the Peninsular. These mountains are heavily forested, and mainly composed of <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a>. The range is the origin of some of Peninsular Malaysia's river systems.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> To the east of this range is the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bintang_Range" title="Bintang Range" class="mw-redirect">Bintang Range</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Swee-Hock_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swee-Hock-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> The highest peak in the Peninsular is <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Tahan" title="Mount Tahan">Mount Tahan</a>, located on the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tahan_Range&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tahan Range (page does not exist)">Tahan Range</a>.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Forests">Forests</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Forests">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div class="hatnote boilerplate seealso">See also: <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borneo_peat_swamp_forests" title="Borneo peat swamp forests">Borneo peat swamp forests</a>, <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysian_peat_swamp_forests" title="Peninsular Malaysian peat swamp forests">Peninsular Malaysian peat swamp forests</a> and <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Malaysia" title="List of national parks of Malaysia">List of national parks of Malaysia</a></div> <p>Malaysian forests can be categorised as <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_rainforest" title="Tropical rainforest">tropical rainforest</a>. Approximately 58.2% of Malaysian land is covered by forest.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> A large amount of lowland forest present below an altitude of 760 metres (2,493 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-Swee-Hock_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swee-Hock-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> East Malaysia, like most of Borneo, was formerly covered with <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borneo_lowland_rain_forests" title="Borneo lowland rain forests" class="mw-redirect">Borneo lowland rain forests</a><sup id="cite_ref-WWF_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWF-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> with over 2000 tree species.<sup id="cite_ref-Marshall_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marshall-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> However, much of it has been cleared,<sup id="cite_ref-WWF_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWF-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> due to the increase in logging since the 1960s and the increase of shifting cultivation. Over 80% of Sarawak's forests have been felled, and the logging throughout East Malaysia has polluted waterways, increased erosion, and damaged agriculture.<sup id="cite_ref-Marshall_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marshall-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> Some state governments have now taken measures to halt the degradation of the rainforest.<sup id="cite_ref-WWF_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWF-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Malaysia's rainforest's are made of a variety of types, mainly <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipterocarpaceae" title="Dipterocarpaceae">dipterocarp</a>, <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swamps" title="Swamps" class="mw-redirect">swamps</a>, and <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangrove" title="Mangrove">mangroves</a>. The majority of the forest is <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipterocarpaceae" title="Dipterocarpaceae">dipterocarp</a> forests.<sup id="cite_ref-WWF_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWF-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> Dipterocarps species are centred in Malaysia.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup> There are over 1,425 square kilometres (550 sq mi) of mangroves in Malaysia.<sup id="cite_ref-Swee-Hock_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swee-Hock-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> Some areas are designated as forest reserves, state parks, or national parks. The management of these reserves as under control of the Department of Wildlife and National Park, the Forest Department of Sarawak, the Sabah Forestry Department, Sabah Foundation, and <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabah_Parks" title="Sabah Parks">Sabah Parks</a>. As of 2000, there are two <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a> under the natural category – <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinabalu_National_Park" title="Kinabalu National Park" class="mw-redirect">Kinabalu National Park</a> and <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung_Mulu_National_Park" title="Gunung Mulu National Park">Gunung Mulu National Park</a>.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Caves">Caves</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Caves">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Numerous caves run through the Peninsula and the East, due to the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karst" title="Karst">karst</a> landscape caused by water eroding limestone. The <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulu_Caves" title="Mulu Caves" class="mw-redirect">Mulu Caves</a> in East Malaysia are the largest caves in the world. They are located between the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penambo_range&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penambo range (page does not exist)">Penambo range</a> and <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>, and form a major tourist attraction. At 700 metres (2,297 ft) long and 70 metres (230 ft) high the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak_Chamber" title="Sarawak Chamber">Sarawak Chamber</a> is the largest cave chamber in the world. Other famous caves are the 1.6 kilometres (1 mi) <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deer_Cave" title="Deer Cave">Deer Cave</a> and Lang's Cave.<sup id="cite_ref-Marshall_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marshall-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Islands">Islands</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Islands">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Redanglaura009.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150331223824im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Redanglaura009.jpg/220px-Redanglaura009.jpg" width="220" height="142" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150331223824im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Redanglaura009.jpg/330px-Redanglaura009.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150331223824im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Redanglaura009.jpg/440px-Redanglaura009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="514"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Redanglaura009.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> A beach on <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redang_Island" title="Redang Island">Redang Island</a> in the South China Sea.</div> </div> </div> <div class="hatnote boilerplate seealso">See also: <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Malaysia" title="List of islands of Malaysia">List of islands of Malaysia</a></div> <p>Malaysia contains <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Malaysia" title="List of islands of Malaysia">numerous islands</a>, the largest of which is <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labuan_Territory" title="Labuan Territory" class="mw-redirect">Labuan</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> which has an area of 92 square kilometres (40 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-Marshall_3-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marshall-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> It is followed by <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banggi_Island" title="Banggi Island">Banggi Island</a> in Sabah, followed by <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betruit_Island" title="Betruit Island" class="mw-redirect">Betruit Island</a> in Sarawak, <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langkawi" title="Langkawi">Langkawi</a> in Kedah, and <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penang_Island" title="Penang Island">Penang Island</a> in Penang. The largest island shared with another country is <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a>, followed by <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebatik_Island" title="Sebatik Island">Sebatik Island</a>. In addition, Malaysia lies within the world's <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">coral reef</a> distribution.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup> The reefs can be usually found around islands such as <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipadan_Island" title="Sipadan Island" class="mw-redirect">Sipadan Island</a>, <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swallow_Reef" title="Swallow Reef">Swallow Reef</a>, and <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redang_Island" title="Redang Island">Redang Island</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Sipadan Island, an <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Underwater_mountain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Underwater mountain (page does not exist)">underwater mountain</a>, is Malaysia's only oceanic island.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Extreme_points">Extreme points</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Extreme points">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>The southernmost point of Malaysia is located in the district of <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serian,_Sarawak" title="Serian, Sarawak">Serian</a> in Sarawak. <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanjung_Piai" title="Tanjung Piai">Tanjung Piai</a> on the southern tip of <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a> is the southernmost point in Peninsular, and thus of the whole of continental <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup> The easternmost point is found on the tip of Dent Peninsular in <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahad_Datu" title="Lahad Datu">Lahad Datu</a> district in Sabah. The northernmost point is found on the northern tip of Banggi Island. The westernmost point is found on the western tip of Pulau Langkawi in Kedah.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Bodies_of_water">Bodies of water</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bodies of water">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Singapore-Johor_Causeway.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150331223824im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Singapore-Johor_Causeway.jpg/220px-Singapore-Johor_Causeway.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150331223824im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Singapore-Johor_Causeway.jpg/330px-Singapore-Johor_Causeway.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150331223824im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Singapore-Johor_Causeway.jpg/440px-Singapore-Johor_Causeway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Singapore-Johor_Causeway.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> The 1056m<sup id="cite_ref-Swee-Hock_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swee-Hock-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor-Singapore_Causeway" title="Johor-Singapore Causeway" class="mw-redirect">Johor-Singapore Causeway</a> connects Malaysia and Singapore across the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straits_of_Johor" title="Straits of Johor">Straits of Johor</a>. In the background is <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru">Johor Bahru</a>.</div> </div> </div> <p>Between Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia is the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a>, the largest body of water around Malaysia. Facing the western coast of Peninsular Malaysia there is the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straits_of_Malacca" title="Straits of Malacca" class="mw-redirect">Straits of Malacca</a> towards the south, and the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_Sea" title="Andaman Sea">Andaman Sea</a> towards the north. The <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strait_of_Malacca" title="Strait of Malacca">Strait of Malacca</a>, lying between <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a> and Peninsular Malaysia, is arguably the most important shipping lane in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup> These seas are <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marginal_sea" title="Marginal sea">marginal seas</a> of the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p> <p>Off the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia is the South China Sea,<sup id="cite_ref-Marshall_3-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marshall-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> while a small part in the north lies within the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Thailand" title="Gulf of Thailand">Gulf of Thailand</a>. These form part of the marginal seas of the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a>. The <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straits_of_Johor" title="Straits of Johor">Straits of Johor</a> off the south of Peninsular acts as a maritime <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia-Singapore_border" title="Malaysia-Singapore border" class="mw-redirect">border of Malaysia and Singapore</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In East Malaysia, the western coasts of Sabah and Sarawak faces the South China Sea. The northeast coast of Sabah faces the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulu_Sea" title="Sulu Sea">Sulu Sea</a>, while the southeast coast of Sabah faces the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celebes_Sea" title="Celebes Sea">Celebes Sea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Marshall_3-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marshall-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Malaysia claims 12 <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautical_miles" title="Nautical miles" class="mw-redirect">nm</a> (22 kilometres (14 mi)) as its <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_waters" title="Territorial waters">territorial waters</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> which extend into the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coral_Triangle" title="Coral Triangle">Coral Triangle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup> It also claims 200 nm (370 kilometres (230 mi)) of <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone" title="Exclusive economic zone">exclusive economic zone</a>. In addition, Malaysia claims 200 metres (656 ft) in the depth of the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_shelf" title="Continental shelf">continental shelf</a> or to the depth of exploration in within the area below the South China Sea known as <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sundaland" title="Sundaland">Sundaland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cia_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-21"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup> The territorial claim for the Straits of Malacca is shared between Malaysia and Indonesia in accordance to a treaty signed in 1970 known as the <i>Treaty Between the Republic of Indonesia and Malaysia on Determination of boundary Lines of Territorial Waters of the two Nations at the Strait of Malacca</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Lakes">Lakes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Lakes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div class="hatnote">Further information: <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Malaysia" title="List of lakes of Malaysia">List of lakes of Malaysia</a></div> <p>The <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bera_Lake" title="Bera Lake">Bera Lake</a> in Pahang is one of the largest lakes in Malaysia, and one of the only two natural lakes in Malaysia with <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasik_Chini" title="Tasik Chini" class="mw-redirect">Tasik Chini</a>. <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedu_Lake" title="Pedu Lake">Pedu Lake</a> is a 12 kilometres (7 mi) long lake located 5 kilometres (3 mi) from the Malaysian-Thai border and <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenyir_Lake" title="Kenyir Lake">Kenyir Lake</a> is the largest artificial lake in Southeast Asia.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Rivers">Rivers</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Rivers">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div class="hatnote">Further information: <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Malaysia" title="List of rivers of Malaysia">List of rivers of Malaysia</a></div> <p>There are many systems of rivers found around Malaysia. The longest is the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajang_River" title="Rajang River">Rajang River</a> in Sarawak with a length of 760 kilometres (472 mi). The second longest is the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinabatangan_River" title="Kinabatangan River">Kinabatangan River</a> in Sabah with a length of 560 kilometres (348 mi). The longest river in the Peninsular Malaysia is <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahang_River" title="Pahang River">Pahang River</a> with a length of 435 kilometres (270 mi).</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Wildlife">Wildlife</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Wildlife">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife_of_Malaysia" title="Wildlife of Malaysia">Wildlife of Malaysia</a></div> <p>Malaysia is a <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megadiverse_countries" title="Megadiverse countries">megadiverse country</a>, with a high number of species and high levels of endemism.<sup id="cite_ref-megadiverse_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-megadiverse-23"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup> These forests contain the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafflesia" title="Rafflesia">Rafflesia</a>, the largest flower in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-WWF_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWF-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> The clearing of the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borneo_lowland_rain_forest" title="Borneo lowland rain forest">Borneo lowland rain forests</a> has caused wildlife to retreat into the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borneo_montane_rain_forests" title="Borneo montane rain forests">upland rain forests</a> inland.<sup id="cite_ref-WWF_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWF-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Natural_disasters">Natural disasters</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Natural disasters">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Flooding">Flooding</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Flooding">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Malaysia_TRM_2004348_lrg.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150331223824im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Malaysia_TRM_2004348_lrg.jpg/220px-Malaysia_TRM_2004348_lrg.jpg" width="220" height="158" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150331223824im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Malaysia_TRM_2004348_lrg.jpg/330px-Malaysia_TRM_2004348_lrg.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150331223824im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Malaysia_TRM_2004348_lrg.jpg/440px-Malaysia_TRM_2004348_lrg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="488"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Malaysia_TRM_2004348_lrg.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> Peninsular Malaysia Precipitation Map on December 2004 showing heavy precipitation on the east coast, causing floods there</div> </div> </div> <div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floods_in_Malaysia" title="Floods in Malaysia">Floods in Malaysia</a></div> <p>With 189 water basins in Malaysia and an average rainfall of over 2000-4000mm per year, Malaysia is prone to flooding. There have been 15 instances of major flooding in Malaysia since 1926. Flooding has been a major concern in recent decades due to rapid development in river catchment areas that has led to increased surface and river runoffs, increased sediment buildup in rivers, and a higher risk of overflowing rivers. The 2006 and 2007 flooding in <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a> has resulted in loss of <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_Ringgit" title="Malaysian Ringgit" class="mw-redirect">RM</a>1.5 billion and 18 lives in addition to the temporary displacement of 110,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Seismic_activity">Seismic activity</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Seismic activity">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Malaysia is situated between two major boundaries of <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectonic_plates" title="Tectonic plates" class="mw-redirect">tectonic plates</a>, <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Plate" title="Australian Plate" class="mw-redirect">Australian Plate</a> and <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasian_Plate" title="Eurasian Plate">Eurasian Plate</a> in the west of Peninsular Malaysia and <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Sea_Plate" title="Philippine Sea Plate">Philippine Sea Plate</a> and <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasian_Plate" title="Eurasian Plate">Eurasian Plate</a> in the East of Malaysia. Tremors, mostly non-lethal can be felt in Malaysia, caused by earthquakes in <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a> islands of <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> and the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Impacts of seismic activity on building in Malaysia has heighten interest since the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake" title="2004 Indian Ocean earthquake" class="mw-redirect">2004 Indian Ocean earthquake</a>. Although Malaysia is seismically stable, areas of concern are the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia such as <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a> and <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a> and also the eastern state of <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Natural_resources">Natural resources</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Natural resources">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Minerals_and_petroleum">Minerals and petroleum</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Minerals and petroleum">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Malaysia produces petroleum and is a net exporter.<sup id="cite_ref-iht_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iht-27"><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup> Malaysia also produces <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquefied_natural_gas" title="Liquefied natural gas">liquefied natural gas</a> as well as various other related products, most of which are found off the coasts of <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terengganu" title="Terengganu">Terengganu</a>, <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a>, and <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a>. Natural resources:tin, petroleum, timber, copper, iron, ore, natural gas, bauxite</p> <p>Malaysia was the largest exporter of <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">tin</a> until the industry wide collapse in 1980s. Tin deposit are found in <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a>, <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinta" title="Kinta" class="mw-disambig">Kinta</a> valley in <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a>, <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a> and <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span>[</span>28<span>]</span></a></sup> There are significant deposit of gold in <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a> towns of <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raub" title="Raub" class="mw-redirect">Raub</a> and <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lipis" title="Kuala Lipis">Kuala Lipis</a> and also <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a>'s district of <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gua_Musang" title="Gua Musang">Gua Musang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span>[</span>29<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">Coal</a> is mostly concentrated in <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a> town of <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapit" title="Kapit">Kapit</a>, <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukah" title="Mukah">Mukah</a> and <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Silantek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silantek (page does not exist)">Silantek</a>.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Forestry">Forestry</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Forestry">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div class="hatnote">Further information: <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deforestation_in_Malaysia" title="Deforestation in Malaysia">Deforestation in Malaysia</a></div> <p><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timber" title="Timber" class="mw-redirect">Timber</a> can be found in the vast jungles in Malaysia, especially in East Malaysia. Malaysia total exports for timber and other timber products amounted to <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_ringgit" title="Malaysian ringgit">MYR</a> 23.4 billion in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-malaysia_key_stats_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-malaysia_key_stats-30"><span>[</span>30<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Land_use">Land use</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Land use">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Large areas of land are used as <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">palm oil</a> plantations, <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubber" title="Rubber" class="mw-redirect">rubber</a> plantations, and <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paddy_fields" title="Paddy fields" class="mw-redirect">paddy fields</a>. Malaysia is the largest exporter of palm oil in the world producing 15.8 million tonnes of crude palm oil in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-iht_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iht-27"><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-malaysia_key_stats_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-malaysia_key_stats-30"><span>[</span>30<span>]</span></a></sup> Malaysia is also one of the largest producers and exporters of rubber and other rubber products.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span>[</span>31<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>As of 2011, the percentage arable land in Malaysia is 5.44%. Croplands consists of 17.49% while other land uses consists of 77.07%.<sup id="cite_ref-worldbank_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-worldbank-32"><span>[</span>32<span>]</span></a></sup> As of 2009, irrigated land covers 3,800 km². Total renewable water resource total 580 cubic km as of 2011.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Human_geography">Human geography</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Human geography">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Malaysia" title="Demographics of Malaysia">Demographics of Malaysia</a></div> <div class="hatnote boilerplate seealso">See also: <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cities_of_Malaysia" title="Cities of Malaysia" class="mw-redirect">Cities of Malaysia</a> and <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Malaysia_by_population" title="List of cities and towns in Malaysia by population">List of cities and towns in Malaysia by population</a></div> <p>Peninsular Malaysia is more populated than East Malaysia where 79.2% of the population lives in the Peninsular. In 2002, 59% of Malaysian population lived in <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">urban areas</a>, while the rest live in <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rural" title="Rural" class="mw-redirect">rural</a> areas.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span>[</span>33<span>]</span></a></sup> The largest city is <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a> with a population of 1.89 million people in the city, and about 7 million in the metropolitan area known as <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klang_Valley" title="Klang Valley">Klang Valley</a>. Other major cities include <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgetown,_Penang" title="Georgetown, Penang" class="mw-redirect">Georgetown</a>, <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru">Johor Bahru</a>, <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipoh" title="Ipoh">Ipoh</a>, <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuching" title="Kuching">Kuching</a>, and <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Kinabalu" title="Kota Kinabalu">Kota Kinabalu</a>.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Political_geography">Political geography</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Political geography">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="hatnote boilerplate seealso">See also: <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunei-Malaysia_Border" title="Brunei-Malaysia Border" class="mw-redirect">Brunei-Malaysia Border</a>, <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia-Malaysia_Border" title="Indonesia-Malaysia Border" class="mw-redirect">Indonesia-Malaysia Border</a>, <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia-Singapore_Border" title="Malaysia-Singapore Border" class="mw-redirect">Malaysia-Singapore Border</a> and <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93Thailand_border" title="Malaysia–Thailand border">Malaysia–Thailand border</a></div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Malaysia_states_named.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150331223824im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Malaysia_states_named.png/220px-Malaysia_states_named.png" width="220" height="75" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150331223824im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Malaysia_states_named.png/330px-Malaysia_states_named.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150331223824im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Malaysia_states_named.png/440px-Malaysia_states_named.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="513"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Malaysia_states_named.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> A Map of <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_of_Malaysia" title="States of Malaysia" class="mw-redirect">Malaysia's states</a>.</div> </div> </div> <p>Malaysia is divided into <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_of_Malaysia" title="States of Malaysia" class="mw-redirect">thirteen states</a> and three <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Territory_(Malaysia)" title="Federal Territory (Malaysia)" class="mw-redirect">Federal Territories</a>. Eleven states and two Federal Territories are found in Peninsular Malaysia. While two states and one Federal Territory are found in East Malaysia. The states are further divided into <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Districts_of_Malaysia" title="Districts of Malaysia">administrative districts</a>. In Sabah and Sarawak, they are first divided into <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divisions_of_Malaysia" title="Divisions of Malaysia">divisions</a>, then further divided into districts. There are separate subdivisions for <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_electoral_districts" title="List of Malaysian electoral districts">electoral districts</a> for polling purposes.</p> <p>International <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Border" title="Border">borders</a> between Malaysia and <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> and <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> are defined mostly by geological features such as the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlis_River" title="Perlis River">Perlis River</a> and Golok River between Malaysia and Thailand; <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straits_of_Johor" title="Straits of Johor">Straits of Johor</a> between Malaysia and Singapore; and Pagalayan Canal between Malaysia and Brunei. However, borders that extends to the seas are defined by agreements such as <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straits_Settlement_and_Johore_Territorial_Waters_Agreement_of_1927" title="Straits Settlement and Johore Territorial Waters Agreement of 1927">Straits Settlement and Johore Territorial Waters Agreement of 1927</a> which defines Malaysia and Singapore water borders.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Border_disputes">Border disputes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Border disputes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Malaysia's <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_border" title="Land border" class="mw-redirect">land borders</a> are well established. The border with Thailand was established in 1909 when Siam ceded <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a>, <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a>, <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlis" title="Perlis">Perlis</a> and <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terengganu" title="Terengganu">Terengganu</a> to the British. Maritime border disputes between <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> and Malaysia and a Bruneian claim on <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbang" title="Limbang">Limbang, Sarawak</a> were resolved in an exchange of letters between the two countries on 16 March 2009 after 20 years of negotiations.<sup id="cite_ref-Cri_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cri-34"><span>[</span>34<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Malaysia and <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> have some overlapping maritime claims, notably in the area around <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a>. An ongoing series of meetings to resolve these claims has produced 16 border agreements (to September 2010).<sup id="cite_ref-Xinhua1_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xinhua1-35"><span>[</span>35<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CNA_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNA-36"><span>[</span>36<span>]</span></a></sup> Malaysia and <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> also have disputes concerning some maritime borders.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_Fact_Book_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA_Fact_Book-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>The <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> has a dormant claim to the eastern part of the Malaysian state of <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_Fact_Book_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA_Fact_Book-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> Malaysia is also involved in a dispute involving <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, Brunei, the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="People's Republic of China" class="mw-redirect">People's Republic of China</a>, the Philippines, and the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_China" title="Republic of China" class="mw-redirect">Republic of China</a> (Taiwan), concerning the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spratly_Islands" title="Spratly Islands">Spratly Islands</a> in the <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_Fact_Book_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA_Fact_Book-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <table class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9"> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150331223824im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="30" height="40" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150331223824im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150331223824im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"/></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150331223824/http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Malaysia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Geography of Malaysia">Geography of Malaysia</a></b></i>.</td> </tr> </table> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_of_Malaysia" title="Environment of Malaysia">Environment of Malaysia</a></li> </ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Swee-Hock-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Swee-Hock_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Swee-Hock_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Swee-Hock_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Swee-Hock_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Swee-Hock_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Swee-Hock_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Swee-Hock_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Swee-Hock_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swee-Hock_Saw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swee-Hock Saw (page does not exist)">Saw, Swee-Hock</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150331223824/http://books.google.com/?id=e4Yp2QJNVWgC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The population of Peninsular Malaysia</i></a>. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 1–2. <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-230-730-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-230-730-9">978-981-230-730-9</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Malaysia&rft.aufirst=Swee-Hock&rft.aulast=Saw&rft.au=Saw%2C+Swee-Hock&rft.btitle=The+population+of+Peninsular+Malaysia&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3De4Yp2QJNVWgC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft.isbn=978-981-230-730-9&rft.pages=1-2&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pub=Institute+of+Southeast+Asian+Studies&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150331223824/http://www.circleofasia.com/Geography-and-Climate-Malaysia.htm">"Malays Travel Guide:Climate of Malaysia"</a>. Circle of Asia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2008</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Malaysia&rft.btitle=Malays+Travel+Guide%3AClimate+of+Malaysia&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.circleofasia.com%2FGeography-and-Climate-Malaysia.htm&rft.pub=Circle+of+Asia&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Marshall-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Marshall_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marshall_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marshall_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marshall_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marshall_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marshall_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marshall_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marshall_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marshall_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marshall_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marshall_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marshall_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marshall_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marshall_3-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marshall_3-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marshall_3-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marshall_3-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Cavendish_Corporation" title="Marshall Cavendish Corporation" class="mw-redirect">Marshall Cavendish Corporation</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150331223824/http://books.google.com/?id=72VwCFtYHCgC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>World and Its Peoples: Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Brunei</i></a>. New York: Marshall Cavendish Corporation. pp. 1156, 1158–1161, 1164, 1166–1171. <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-7642-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-7642-9">978-0-7614-7642-9</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Malaysia&rft.aulast=Marshall+Cavendish+Corporation&rft.au=Marshall+Cavendish+Corporation&rft.btitle=World+and+Its+Peoples%3A+Malaysia%2C+Philippines%2C+Singapore%2C+and+Brunei&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D72VwCFtYHCgC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft.isbn=978-0-7614-7642-9&rft.pages=1156%2C+1158-1161%2C+1164%2C+1166-1171&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish+Corporation&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150331223824/http://web.archive.org/web/20080320105546/http://www.kjc.gov.my/english/education/weather/monsoon01.html">"Weather phenomena"</a>. Malaysian Meteorological Department. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150331223824/http://www.kjc.gov.my/english/education/weather/monsoon01.html">the original</a> on 20 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2008</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Malaysia&rft.btitle=Weather+phenomena&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kjc.gov.my%2Fenglish%2Feducation%2Fweather%2Fmonsoon01.html&rft.pub=Malaysian+Meteorological+Department&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-climate_stats-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-climate_stats_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-climate_stats_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150331223824/http://web.archive.org/web/20080320044307/http://www.met.gov.my/english/education/climate/info.html">"General Climate Information"</a>. Malaysia Meteorological Department. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150331223824/http://www.met.gov.my/english/education/climate/info.html">the original</a> on 20 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2008</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Malaysia&rft.btitle=General+Climate+Information&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.met.gov.my%2Fenglish%2Feducation%2Fclimate%2Finfo.html&rft.pub=Malaysia+Meteorological+Department&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-CIA_Fact_Book-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_Fact_Book_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_Fact_Book_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_Fact_Book_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_Fact_Book_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_Fact_Book_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_Fact_Book_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_Fact_Book_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">CIA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150331223824/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/my.html"><i>The World Fact Book</i>: Malaysia</a>. Retrieved 9 December 2006.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Encyclopædia Britannica. <i>The Land (West Malaysia).</i></span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simon_Richmond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simon Richmond (page does not exist)">Richmond, Simon</a> (January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150331223824/http://books.google.com/?id=VMKOuzRxOJsC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Malaysia, Singapore & Brunei</i></a>. Lonely Planet. p. 366. <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74104-887-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74104-887-2">978-1-74104-887-2</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Malaysia&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft.aulast=Richmond&rft.au=Richmond%2C+Simon&rft.btitle=Malaysia%2C+Singapore+%26+Brunei&rft.date=January+2010&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DVMKOuzRxOJsC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft.isbn=978-1-74104-887-2&rft.pages=366&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150331223824/http://www.ecologyasia.com/html-loc/mount-kinabalu.htm">"Mount Kinabalu – revered abode of the dead"</a>. Ecologyasia.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Malaysia&rft.btitle=Mount+Kinabalu%26nbsp%3B%E2%80%93+revered+abode+of+the+dead&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecologyasia.com%2Fhtml-loc%2Fmount-kinabalu.htm&rft.pub=Ecologyasia.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alan_M._Stevens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan M. Stevens (page does not exist)">Stevens, Alan M</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150331223824/http://books.google.com/?id=cF97F--suNAC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Kamus Lengkap Indonesia Inggris</i></a>. Athens: Ohio University Press. p. 89. <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-433-387-5" title="Special:BookSources/979-433-387-5">979-433-387-5</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Malaysia&rft.aufirst=Alan+M&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.au=Stevens%2C+Alan+M&rft.btitle=Kamus+Lengkap+Indonesia+Inggris&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DcF97F--suNAC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft.isbn=979-433-387-5&rft.pages=89&rft.place=Athens&rft.pub=Ohio+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150331223824/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/358619/Main-Range">"Main Range (mountains, Malaysia)"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Malaysia&rft.atitle=Main+Range+%28mountains%2C+Malaysia%29&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F358619%2FMain-Range&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150331223824/http://propertyreviews.my/reports/forest.pdf">"Tropical Forest Mapping and Monitoring in Malaysia"</a>. Global Observation of Forest Cover Workshop. 15 March 1999. pp. 1–2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2014</span></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Malaysia&rft.btitle=Tropical+Forest+Mapping+and+Monitoring+in+Malaysia&rft.date=15+March+1999&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpropertyreviews.my%2Freports%2Fforest.pdf&rft.pages=1-2&rft.pub=Global+Observation+of+Forest+Cover+Workshop&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-WWF-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WWF_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WWF_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WWF_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WWF_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WWF_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WWF_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150331223824/http://www.wwf.org.my/about_wwf/what_we_do/forests_main/the_malaysian_rainforest/">"The Malaysian Rainforest"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Malaysia&rft.btitle=The+Malaysian+Rainforest&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wwf.org.my%2Fabout_wwf%2Fwhat_we_do%2Fforests_main%2Fthe_malaysian_rainforest%2F&rft.pub=Wwf.org.my&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150331223824/http://books.google.com.ph/books?id=_VGRBWqIG2gC&pg=PA93&lpg=PA93&dq=malaysia+ecoregions&source=bl&ots=FQ4a6AvE9p&sig=nU4mskWQpkVp2BzOqE90aMyPnXg&hl=en&ei=FpXVTKuIF4umvgOnu5SnCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAzgK#v=onepage&q=malaysia%20ecoregions&f=false">Terrestrial ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific: a conservation assessment</a> by Eric D. Wikramanayake, pg 93</span></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150331223824/http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/lookingatearth/coralreef_image.html">"Coral reef image"</a>. NASA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2008</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Malaysia&rft.btitle=Coral+reef+image&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fvision%2Fearth%2Flookingatearth%2Fcoralreef_image.html&rft.pub=NASA&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150331223824/http://www.nst.com.my/nst/articles/Go_Adiver__8217_sparadise/Article/">"Go: A diver’s paradise"</a>. <i>New Straits Times</i>. 1 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Malaysia&rft.atitle=Go%3A+A+diver%E2%80%99s+paradise&rft.date=1+December+2010&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nst.com.my%2Fnst%2Farticles%2FGo_Adiver__8217_sparadise%2FArticle%2F&rft.jtitle=New+Straits+Times&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150331223824/http://web.archive.org/web/20070703124222/http://www.nst.com.my/Weekly/Travel/article/TravelTips/20050718145301/Article/index_html">"Asia's southernmost tip"</a>. <i>Travel Times</i>. 3 July 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150331223824/http://www.nst.com.my/Weekly/Travel/article/TravelTips/20050718145301/Article/index_html">the original</a> on 3 July 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Malaysia&rft.atitle=Asia%27s+southernmost+tip&rft.date=3+July+2007&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nst.com.my%2FWeekly%2FTravel%2Farticle%2FTravelTips%2F20050718145301%2FArticle%2Findex_html&rft.jtitle=Travel+Times&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Sager Ahmad (22 August 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150331223824/http://web.archive.org/web/20030822193354/http://www.emedia.com.my/Weekly/TravelTimes/Friday/Frontpage/20030627112206/recent_article">"Tanjung Piai, The End of Asia"</a>. <i>Travel Times</i>. 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Meteorological Department of Malaysia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150331223824/http://www.met.gov.my/malay/pendidikan/seismologi/seismo01.html">the original</a> on 24 June 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2008</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Malaysia&rft.btitle=Keseismikan+Malaysia&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.met.gov.my%2Fmalay%2Fpendidikan%2Fseismologi%2Fseismo01.html&rft.pub=Meteorological+Department+of+Malaysia&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news">Dr Salleh Buang (26 April 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150331223824/http://web.archive.org/web/20080417231710/http://www.nst.com.my/Weekly/PropertyTimes/News/Land+Matters/20050714124802/Article/">"Dealing with a restless planet"</a>. <i>New Straits Times</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150331223824/http://www.nst.com.my/Weekly/PropertyTimes/News/Land%20Matters/20050714124802/Article/">the original</a> on 17 April 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Malaysia&rft.btitle=Indonesia%2C+Malaysia+to+discuss+border+issues+in+September&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish2010%2Fworld%2F2010-08%2F25%2Fc_13462015.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-CNA-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CNA_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150331223824/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/afp_asiapacific/view/1079478/1/.html">"Malaysia, Indonesia ministers meet to soothe tensions"</a>. Channel NewsAsia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Malaysia&rft.btitle=Malaysia%2C+Indonesia+ministers+meet+to+soothe+tensions&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelnewsasia.com%2Fstories%2Fafp_asiapacific%2Fview%2F1079478%2F1%2F.html&rft.pub=Channel+NewsAsia&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> </ol> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150331223824/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=1126205415&men=gmap&lng=en&gln=xx&dat=32&geo=-152&srt=npan&col=aohdq">Map of Malaysia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150331223824/http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east_and_asia/malaysia_pol98.jpg">Large map of Malaysia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150331223824/http://www.freeworldmaps.net/asia/malaysia/map.html">Physical Map of Malaysia</a></li> </ul> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Malaysia_topics" title="Template:Malaysia topics"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Malaysia_topics" title="Template talk:Malaysia topics"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Malaysia_topics&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Malaysia-related_topics" title="List of Malaysia-related topics">topics</a></div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Malaysia" title="History of Malaysia">History</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;;background:transparent;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Malaysian_history" title="Timeline of Malaysian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehistoric_Malaysia" title="Prehistoric Malaysia">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Malacca" title="Portuguese Malacca">Portuguese Malacca</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Malacca" title="Dutch Malacca">Dutch Malacca</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">British Malaya</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">Straits Settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federated_Malay_States" title="Federated Malay States">Federated Malay States</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Borneo" title="British Borneo">British Borneo</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sarawak" title="Kingdom of Sarawak">Kingdom of Sarawak</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Labuan" title="Crown Colony of Labuan">Crown Colony of Labuan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Borneo" title="North Borneo">North Borneo</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Malaya" title="Japanese occupation of Malaya">Japanese occupation of Malaya</a> / <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_British_Borneo" title="Japanese occupation of British Borneo">Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Military_Administration_(Malaya)" title="British Military Administration (Malaya)">British Military Administration (Malaya</a> / <a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Military_Administration_(Borneo)" title="British Military Administration (Borneo)">Borneo)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_Union" title="Malayan Union">Malayan Union</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hari_Merdeka" title="Hari Merdeka">Independence</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Sarawak" title="Crown Colony of Sarawak">Crown Colony of Sarawak</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak_Independence_Day" title="Sarawak Independence Day">Independence</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_North_Borneo" title="Crown Colony of North Borneo">Crown Colony of North Borneo</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Borneo_Self-government_Day" title="North Borneo Self-government Day">Self-government</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Agreement" title="Malaysia Agreement">Malaysia Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporean_national_referendum,_1962" title="Singaporean national referendum, 1962">1962 Singapore referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobbold_Commission" title="Cobbold Commission">Cobbold Commission</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18-point_agreement" title="18-point agreement">18-point agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20-point_agreement" title="20-point agreement">20-point agreement</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proclamation_of_Malaysia" title="Proclamation of Malaysia">Proclamation</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Day" title="Malaysia Day">Malaysia Day</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Action_Party%E2%80%93United_Malays_National_Organisation_relations" title="People's Action Party–United Malays National Organisation relations">PAP–UMNO relations</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_race_riots_in_Singapore" title="1964 race riots in Singapore">1964 race riots</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_in_Malaysia" title="Singapore in Malaysia">Singapore in Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/13_May_incident_(Malaysia)" title="13 May incident (Malaysia)">13 May 1969 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_Asian_financial_crisis#Malaysia" title="1997 Asian financial crisis">1997 Asian financial crisis</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> <td class="navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"> <div><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia" title="Coat of arms of Malaysia"><img alt="Coat of arms of Malaysia.svg" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150331223824im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png" width="100" height="75" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150331223824im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150331223824im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768"/></a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><strong class="selflink">Geography</strong></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_Malaysia" title="Category:Populated places in Malaysia">Cities, towns and villages</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Districts_of_Malaysia" title="Districts of Malaysia">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divisions_of_Malaysia" title="Divisions of Malaysia">Divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Malaysia" title="East Malaysia">East Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_of_Malaysia" title="Environment of Malaysia">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Fauna_of_Malaysia" title="Category:Fauna of Malaysia">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Flora_of_Malaysia" title="Category:Flora of Malaysia">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Malaysia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Malaysia">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Malaysia" title="List of islands of Malaysia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Malaysia" title="List of lakes of Malaysia">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Malaysia" title="List of mountains in Malaysia">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Malaysia" title="List of national parks of Malaysia">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia" title="Peninsular Malaysia">Peninsular Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Malaysia" title="List of rivers of Malaysia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">States</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Politics of Malaysia">Politics</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Malaysia" title="Cabinet of Malaysia">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia" title="Constitution of Malaysia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_Malaysia" title="Elections in Malaysia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Malaysia" title="Foreign relations of Malaysia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Malaysia" title="Government of Malaysia">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_Malaysia" title="Human rights in Malaysia">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciary_of_Malaysia" title="Judiciary of Malaysia">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_Malaysia" title="Law of Malaysia">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Malaysia" title="Law enforcement in Malaysia">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_Armed_Forces" title="Malaysian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchies_of_Malaysia" title="Monarchies of Malaysia">Monarchies</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Malaysia" title="List of political parties in Malaysia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_Malaysia" title="State legislative assemblies of Malaysia">State legislative assemblies</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Head of state</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Malaysia" title="Economy of Malaysia">Economy</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_Malaysia" title="Agriculture in Malaysia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Malaysia" title="List of banks in Malaysia">Banks</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_Negara_Malaysia" title="Bank Negara Malaysia">Central bank</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Malaysia" title="Energy policy of Malaysia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_ringgit" title="Malaysian ringgit">Ringgit <small style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_states_by_GDP" title="List of Malaysian states by GDP">States by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Malaysia" title="Science and technology in Malaysia">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bursa_Malaysia" title="Bursa Malaysia">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Malaysia" title="Telecommunications in Malaysia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_Malaysia" title="Tourism in Malaysia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_Malaysia" title="Transport in Malaysia">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Malaysia" title="Trade unions in Malaysia">Unions</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Malaysian_society" title="Category:Malaysian society">Society</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_in_Malaysia" title="Crime in Malaysia">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Malaysia" title="Demographics of Malaysia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Malaysia" title="Education in Malaysia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Malaysia" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Malaysia">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthcare_in_Malaysia" title="Healthcare in Malaysia">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Income_disparity_in_Malaysia" title="Income disparity in Malaysia">Income disparity</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Malaysia" title="Languages of Malaysia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_in_Malaysia" title="Poverty in Malaysia">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Malaysia" title="Religion in Malaysia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Malaysia" title="Water supply and sanitation in Malaysia">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Malaysia" title="Women in Malaysia">Women</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Malaysia" title="Culture of Malaysia">Culture</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Malaysian_architecture" title="Category:Malaysian architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinema_of_Malaysia" title="Cinema of Malaysia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_cuisine" title="Malaysian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_folklore" title="Malay folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_literature" title="Malaysian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketuanan_Melayu" title="Ketuanan Melayu">Malay lordship</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_of_Malaysia" title="Media of Malaysia">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Malaysia" title="Music of Malaysia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_names" title="Malaysian names">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Malaysia" title="Public holidays in Malaysia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_in_Malaysia" title="Sport in Malaysia">Sport</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Symbols</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_tiger" title="Malayan tiger">Animal</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negaraku" title="Negaraku">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia" title="Coat of arms of Malaysia">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Malaysia" title="Flag of Malaysia">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibiscus_rosa-sinensis" title="Hibiscus rosa-sinensis">Flower</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rukunegara" title="Rukunegara">Pledge</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="padding:0.25em;"> <div> <div style="margin-top:0;line-height:1.4em;margin-bottom:-0.2em;"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_Malaysia" title="Outline of Malaysia">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_Malaysia-related_articles" title="Index of Malaysia-related articles" class="mw-redirect">Index</a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="margin-top:-0.2em;line-height:1.4em;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book:Malaysia" title="Book:Malaysia">Book</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Malaysia" title="Category:Malaysia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Malaysia" title="Portal:Malaysia">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Malaysia" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Malaysia">WikiProject</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Geography_of_Asia" title="Template:Geography of Asia"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Geography_of_Asia" title="Template talk:Geography of Asia"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Geography_of_Asia&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Asia" title="Geography of Asia">Geography of Asia</a></div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Afghanistan" title="Geography of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Armenia" title="Geography of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Azerbaijan" title="Geography of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Bahrain" title="Geography of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Bangladesh" title="Geography of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Bhutan" title="Geography of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Brunei" title="Geography of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Burma" title="Geography of Burma">Burma (Myanmar)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Cambodia" title="Geography of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_China" title="Geography of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Cyprus" title="Geography of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_East_Timor" title="Geography of East Timor">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Egypt" title="Geography of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Geography of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_India" title="Geography of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Indonesia" title="Geography of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Iran" title="Geography of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Iraq" title="Geography of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Israel" title="Geography of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Japan" title="Geography of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Jordan" title="Geography of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Kazakhstan" title="Geography of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_North_Korea" title="Geography of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_South_Korea" title="Geography of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Kuwait" title="Geography of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Geography of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Laos" title="Geography of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Lebanon" title="Geography of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><strong class="selflink">Malaysia</strong></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_the_Maldives" title="Geography of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Mongolia" title="Geography of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Nepal" title="Geography of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Oman" title="Geography of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Pakistan" title="Geography of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_the_Philippines" title="Geography of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Qatar" title="Geography of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Russia" title="Geography of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Geography of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Singapore" title="Geography of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Geography of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Syria" title="Geography of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Tajikistan" title="Geography of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Thailand" title="Geography of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Turkey" title="Geography of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Turkmenistan" title="Geography of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Geography of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Uzbekistan" title="Geography of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Vietnam" title="Geography of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Yemen" title="Geography of Yemen">Yemen</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br/> limited recognition</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Abkhazia" title="Geography of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_the_Nagorno-Karabakh_Republic" title="Geography of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic" class="mw-redirect">Nagorno-Karabakh</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Geography of Northern Cyprus" class="mw-redirect">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_the_Palestinian_territories" title="Geography of the Palestinian territories" class="mw-redirect">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_South_Ossetia" title="Geography of South Ossetia" class="mw-redirect">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Taiwan" title="Geography of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br/> other territories</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="Geography of the British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Christmas_Island" title="Geography of Christmas Island" class="mw-redirect">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Geography of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands" class="mw-redirect">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Hong_Kong" title="Geography of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Macau" title="Geography of Macau">Macau</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Asia_topic&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Asia" title="Climate of Asia">Climate of Asia</a></div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Afghanistan" title="Climate of Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Armenia" title="Climate of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Azerbaijan" title="Climate of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Bahrain" title="Climate of Bahrain" class="mw-redirect">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Bangladesh" title="Climate of Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Bhutan" title="Climate of Bhutan" class="mw-redirect">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Brunei" title="Climate of Brunei" class="mw-redirect">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Burma" title="Climate of Burma" class="mw-redirect">Burma (Myanmar)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Cambodia" title="Climate of Cambodia" class="mw-redirect">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_China" title="Climate of China" class="mw-redirect">China</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Cyprus" title="Climate of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_East_Timor" title="Climate of East Timor" class="mw-redirect">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Egypt" title="Climate of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Climate of Georgia (country)" class="mw-redirect">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_India" title="Climate of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Indonesia" title="Climate of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Iran" title="Climate of Iran" class="mw-redirect">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Iraq" title="Climate of Iraq" class="mw-redirect">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Israel" title="Climate of Israel" class="mw-redirect">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Japan" title="Climate of Japan" class="mw-redirect">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Jordan" title="Climate of Jordan" class="mw-redirect">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Kazakhstan" title="Climate of Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_North_Korea" title="Climate of North Korea" class="mw-redirect">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_South_Korea" title="Climate of South Korea" class="mw-redirect">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Kuwait" title="Climate of Kuwait" class="mw-redirect">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Climate of Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Laos" title="Climate of Laos" class="mw-redirect">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Lebanon" title="Climate of Lebanon" class="mw-redirect">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Malaysia" title="Climate of Malaysia" class="mw-redirect">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_the_Maldives" title="Climate of the Maldives" class="mw-redirect">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Mongolia" title="Climate of Mongolia" class="mw-redirect">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Nepal" title="Climate of Nepal" class="mw-redirect">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Oman" title="Climate of Oman" class="mw-redirect">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Pakistan" title="Climate of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_the_Philippines" title="Climate of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Qatar" title="Climate of Qatar" class="mw-redirect">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Russia" title="Climate of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Climate of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Singapore" title="Climate of Singapore" class="mw-redirect">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Climate of Sri Lanka" class="mw-redirect">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Syria" title="Climate of Syria" class="mw-redirect">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Tajikistan" title="Climate of Tajikistan" class="mw-redirect">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Thailand" title="Climate of 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style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br/> limited recognition</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Abkhazia" title="Climate of Abkhazia" class="mw-redirect">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_the_Nagorno-Karabakh_Republic" title="Climate of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic" class="mw-redirect">Nagorno-Karabakh</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Climate of Northern Cyprus" class="mw-redirect">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_the_Palestinian_territories" title="Climate of the Palestinian territories" class="mw-redirect">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_South_Ossetia" title="Climate of South Ossetia" class="mw-redirect">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Taiwan" title="Climate of Taiwan" class="mw-redirect">Taiwan</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br/> other territories</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Climate_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Climate of the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Christmas_Island" title="Climate of Christmas Island" class="mw-redirect">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Climate_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Climate of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Hong_Kong" title="Climate of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150331223824/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Macau" title="Climate of Macau" class="mw-redirect">Macau</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> 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