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vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Svojstva" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Svojstva"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Svojstva</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Svojstva-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Svojstva</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Svojstva-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Izvori_zvuka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori_zvuka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Izvori zvuka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori_zvuka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brzina_zvuka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brzina_zvuka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Brzina zvuka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brzina_zvuka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jakost_zvuka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jakost_zvuka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Jakost zvuka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jakost_zvuka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Decibel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decibel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Decibel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decibel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>Bel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neper" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neper"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.3</span> <span>Neper</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neper-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Refleksija_ili_odbijanje_zvuka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Refleksija_ili_odbijanje_zvuka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Refleksija ili odbijanje zvuka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Refleksija_ili_odbijanje_zvuka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lom_i_ogib_zvuka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lom_i_ogib_zvuka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Lom i ogib zvuka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lom_i_ogib_zvuka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zvučni_zid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zvučni_zid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Zvučni zid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zvučni_zid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jedinice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jedinice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Jedinice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jedinice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Osjet_zvuka_ili_osjetljivost_uha" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Osjet_zvuka_ili_osjetljivost_uha"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Osjet zvuka ili osjetljivost uha</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Osjet_zvuka_ili_osjetljivost_uha-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Osjet zvuka ili osjetljivost uha</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Osjet_zvuka_ili_osjetljivost_uha-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Glasnoća_ili_jakost_glasa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Glasnoća_ili_jakost_glasa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Glasnoća ili jakost glasa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Glasnoća_ili_jakost_glasa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poveznice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poveznice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Poveznice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poveznice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Zvuk</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 150 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-150" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">150 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klank" title="Klank – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Klank" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schall" title="Schall – švicarski njemački" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Schall" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="švicarski njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%B5%E1%88%9D%E1%8C%BD" title="ድምጽ – amharski" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ድምጽ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soniu" title="Soniu – aragonski" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Soniu" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sw%C4%93g" title="Swēg – staroengleski" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Swēg" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="staroengleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA" title="صوت – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صوت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A9%DC%A0%DC%90_(%DC%A8%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90)" title="ܩܠܐ (ܨܘܬܐ) – aramejski" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܩܠܐ (ܨܘܬܐ)" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA" title="صوت – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="صوت" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA" title="صوت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="صوت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6" title="শব্দ – asamski" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="শব্দ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Son%C3%ADu" title="Soníu – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Soníu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C9%99s" title="Səs – azerbajdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Səs" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B3" title="سس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Тауыш – baškirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тауыш" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schoi" title="Schoi – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Schoi" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garsos" title="Garsos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Garsos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanog" title="Tanog – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tanog" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Гук – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гук" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Гук – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гук" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Звук – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Звук" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6" title="শব্দ – bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শব্দ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B2%E0%BC%8B" title="སྒྲ་ – tibetski" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སྒྲ་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvuk" title="Zvuk – bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zvuk" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%8F%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Абяан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Абяан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/So" title="So – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="So" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%86%DA%AF" title="دەنگ – soranski kurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەنگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="soranski kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvuk" title="Zvuk – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zvuk" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%81%C4%83" title="Сасă – čuvaški" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сасă" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sain_(ffiseg)" title="Sain (ffiseg) – velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sain (ffiseg)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyd" title="Lyd – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lyd" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schall" title="Schall – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schall" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veng" title="Veng – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Veng" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%89%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Ήχος – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ήχος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound" title="Sound – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Sound" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sono" title="Sono – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonido" title="Sonido – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sonido" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heli" title="Heli – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Heli" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soinu" title="Soinu – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Soinu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Son" title="Son – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Son" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="صدا – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="صدا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84%C3%A4ni" title="Ääni – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ääni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hel%C3%BC" title="Helü – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Helü" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rorogo" title="Rorogo – fidžijski" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Rorogo" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fidžijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Son_(physique)" title="Son (physique) – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Son (physique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gel%C3%BC%C3%BCt" title="Gelüüt – sjevernofrizijski" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Gelüüt" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="sjevernofrizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BBd" title="Lûd – zapadnofrizijski" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Lûd" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="zapadnofrizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuaim" title="Fuaim – irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fuaim" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E6%B0%A3" title="聲氣 – gan kineski" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="聲氣" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Son_(fyzik)" title="Son (fyzik) – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Son (fyzik)" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Son" title="Son – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Son" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pu" title="Pu – gvaranski" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Pu" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="gvaranski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avaz" title="Avaz – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Avaz" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauti" title="Sauti – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Sauti" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A2ng-y%C3%AEm" title="Sâng-yîm – hakka kineski" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sâng-yîm" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C" title="קול – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF" title="ध्वनि – hindski" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ध्वनि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awaaj" title="Awaaj – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Awaaj" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Son_(fizik)" title="Son (fizik) – haićanski kreolski" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Son (fizik)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haićanski kreolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hang" title="Hang – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hang" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%81%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B6" title="Ձայն – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ձայն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%81%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B6" title="Ձայն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ձայն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sono" title="Sono – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Sono" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunyi" title="Bunyi – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bunyi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Son" title="Son – interligua" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Son" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interligua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni" title="Uni – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Uni" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sono" title="Sono – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Sono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlj%C3%B3%C3%B0" title="Hljóð – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hljóð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suono" title="Suono – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Suono" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%B3" title="音 – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="音" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song" title="Song – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Song" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/sance" title="sance – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="sance" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni" title="Uni – javanski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Uni" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ბგერა – gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბგერა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1khwom" title="A̱khwom – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱khwom" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%81" title="Дыбыс – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Дыбыс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A6" title="ಶಬ್ದ – karnatački" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಶಬ್ದ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="karnatački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EB%A6%AC" title="소리 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="소리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deng" title="Deng – kurdski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Deng" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Википедия:Сомо/Дабыш – kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Википедия:Сомо/Дабыш" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonus_(physica)" title="Sonus (physica) – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sonus (physica)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geluid" title="Geluid – limburški" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Geluid" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garsas" title="Garsas – litavski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Garsas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litavski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska%C5%86a" title="Skaņa – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Skaņa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Вайгялькс – moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Вайгялькс" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feo_(fizika)" title="Feo (fizika) – malgaški" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Feo (fizika)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Звук – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Звук" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82" title="ശബ്ദം – malajalamski" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ശബ്ദം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D1%83" title="Дуу – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Дуу" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C_(%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80)" title="आवाज (ध्वनी) – marathski" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आवाज (ध्वनी)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunyi" title="Bunyi – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bunyi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonido" title="Sonido – mirandski" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Sonido" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B6" title="အသံ – burmanski" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အသံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Эне – mordvinski" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Эне" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="mordvinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF" title="ध्वनि – nepalski" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ध्वनि" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%83" title="सः – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सः" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geluid" title="Geluid – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geluid" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyd" title="Lyd – norveški nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lyd" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyd" title="Lyd – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lyd" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Son" title="Son – okcitanski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Son" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagalee" title="Sagalee – oromski" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Sagalee" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B6%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6_(%E0%AC%A7%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%B1%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BF)" title="ଶବ୍ଦ (ଧ୍ୱନି) – orijski" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଶବ୍ଦ (ଧ୍ୱନି)" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="orijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A7%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80" title="ਧੁਨੀ – pandžapski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਧੁਨੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BAwi%C4%99k" title="Dźwięk – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dźwięk" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Son" title="Son – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Son" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="آواز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آواز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%DA%96" title="غږ – paštunski" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="غږ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Som" title="Som – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Som" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruqyay" title="Ruqyay – kečuanski" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ruqyay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečuanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunet" title="Sunet – rumunjski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sunet" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rsk mw-list-item"><a href="https://rsk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Звук – Pannonian Rusyn" lang="rsk" hreflang="rsk" data-title="Звук" data-language-autonym="Руски" data-language-local-name="Pannonian Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Руски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Звук – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Звук" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Звук – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Звук" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%83" title="शब्दः – sanskrtski" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="शब्दः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrtski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%80%D2%95%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Дорҕоон – jakutski" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Дорҕоон" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%AE" title="ᱥᱟᱰᱮ – santalski" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱟᱰᱮ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soond" title="Soond – škotski" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Soond" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="škotski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="آواز – sindski" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آواز" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvuk" title="Zvuk – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zvuk" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BA" title="ශබ්දය – sinhaleški" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ශබ්දය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhaleški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound" title="Sound – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sound" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvuk" title="Zvuk – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zvuk" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvok" title="Zvok – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zvok" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tingulli" title="Tingulli – albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tingulli" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Звук – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Звук" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sora" title="Sora – sundanski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Sora" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljud" title="Ljud – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ljud" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauti" title="Sauti – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sauti" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klang" title="Klang – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Klang" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF" title="ஒலி – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஒலி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF" title="ధ్వని – teluški" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ధ్వని" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="teluški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87" title="เสียง – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เสียง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunog" title="Tunog – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tunog" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ses" title="Ses – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ses" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpfumawulo" title="Mpfumawulo – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Mpfumawulo" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chongo" title="Chongo – tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Chongo" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BD_(%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Үн (Физика) – tuvinski" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Үн (Физика)" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Звук – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Звук" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="آواز – urdski" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آواز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tovush" title="Tovush – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tovush" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B3n" title="Són – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Són" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulund" title="Kulund – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kulund" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82m_thanh" title="Âm thanh – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Âm thanh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tingog" title="Tingog – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tingog" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E9%9F%B3" title="声音 – wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="声音" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92" title="קלאנג – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קלאנג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geluud" title="Geluud – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Geluud" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E9%9F%B3" title="声音 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="声音" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sia%E2%81%BF-im" title="Siaⁿ-im – min nan kineski" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Siaⁿ-im" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%B2" title="聲 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="聲" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umsindo" title="Umsindo – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umsindo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11461#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Poveznice na druge jezike" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi poveznice</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Zvuk" title="Pogledaj sadržaj [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Razgovor:Zvuk&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Razgovorna stranica (stranica ne postoji) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Promijeni jezičnu varijantu" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" 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cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pomagala</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pomagala</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Više mogućnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Radnje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Zvuk"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvuk&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvuk&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kôd ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kôd</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvuk&action=history"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Razno </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:%C5%A0to_vodi_ovamo/Zvuk" title="Popis svih stranica koje sadrže poveznice na ovu stranicu [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Što vodi ovamo</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Povezane_promjene/Zvuk" rel="nofollow" title="Nedavne promjene na stranicama koje su povezane s navedenom stranicom [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Povezane promjene</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Upload" title="Postavi datoteke [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Postavi datoteku</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Posebne_stranice" title="Popis svih posebnih stranica [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Posebne stranice</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvuk&oldid=6920689" title="Trajna poveznica na ovu verziju stranice"><span>Trajna poveznica</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvuk&action=info" title="Više informacija o ovoj stranici"><span>Podatci o stranici</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Citiraj&page=Zvuk&id=6920689&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacije o tome kako citirati ovu stranicu"><span>Citiraj ovu stranicu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Skra%C4%87iva%C4%8D_adresa&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FZvuk"><span>Skraćeni URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FZvuk"><span>Preuzmi QR kôd</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ispis/izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Zbirka&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Zvuk"><span>Stvori knjigu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&page=Zvuk&action=show-download-screen"><span>Preuzmi kao PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvuk&printable=yes" title="Inačica za ispis ove stranice [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inačica za ispis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikimedijini projekti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sound" hreflang="en"><span>Zajednički poslužitelj</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11461" title="Poveznica na stavku na projektu Wikipodatci [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Stavka na Wikipodatcima</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Spherical_pressure_waves.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Spherical_pressure_waves.gif/250px-Spherical_pressure_waves.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Spherical_pressure_waves.gif/375px-Spherical_pressure_waves.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Spherical_pressure_waves.gif/500px-Spherical_pressure_waves.gif 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Zvuk se širi u obliku prostornih <a href="/wiki/Longitudinalan_val" title="Longitudinalan val">longitudinalnih valova</a> u <a href="/wiki/Zrak" title="Zrak">zraku</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Onde_compression_impulsion_1d_30_petit.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Onde_compression_impulsion_1d_30_petit.gif/250px-Onde_compression_impulsion_1d_30_petit.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Onde_compression_impulsion_1d_30_petit.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="231" /></a><figcaption>Primjer <a href="/wiki/Longitudinalan_val" title="Longitudinalan val">longitudinalnog vala</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Onde_cisaillement_impulsion_1d_30_petit.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Onde_cisaillement_impulsion_1d_30_petit.gif/250px-Onde_cisaillement_impulsion_1d_30_petit.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Onde_cisaillement_impulsion_1d_30_petit.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="231" /></a><figcaption>Primjer <a href="/wiki/Transverzalni_val" title="Transverzalni val">transverzalnog vala</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Sine_wavelength.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Sine_wavelength.svg/250px-Sine_wavelength.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Sine_wavelength.svg/375px-Sine_wavelength.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Sine_wavelength.svg/500px-Sine_wavelength.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="356" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Valna_duljina" title="Valna duljina">Valna duljina</a> <i>λ</i> je udaljenosti između dvaju brjegova ili dolova <a href="/wiki/Sinus" title="Sinus">sinusoidalnoga</a> vala.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Interferenz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Interferenz.jpg/250px-Interferenz.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Interferenz.jpg/375px-Interferenz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Interferenz.jpg/500px-Interferenz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Interferencija_valova" title="Interferencija valova">Interferencija</a> dvaju kružnih valova.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Zvuk</b> je <a href="/wiki/Mehani%C4%8Dki_valovi" title="Mehanički valovi">mehanički val</a> <a href="/wiki/Frekvencija" title="Frekvencija">frekvencija</a> od 20 <a href="/wiki/Hz" class="mw-redirect" title="Hz">Hz</a> do 20 kHz, tojest u rasponu u kojem ga čuje ljudsko <a href="/wiki/Uho" title="Uho">uho</a>. Zvuk frekvencije niže od 20 Hz naziva se <a href="/wiki/Infrazvuk" title="Infrazvuk">infrazvukom</a>, zvuk frekvencije više od 20 kHz <a href="/wiki/Ultrazvuk" title="Ultrazvuk">ultrazvukom</a>, a ako je frekvencija viša od 1 GHz, <a href="/wiki/Hiperzvuk" title="Hiperzvuk">hiperzvukom</a>. Zvuk nastaje više ili manje <a href="/wiki/Period" title="Period">periodičnim</a> <a href="/wiki/Titranje" title="Titranje">titranjem</a> izvora zvuka koji u neposrednoj okolici mijenja <a href="/wiki/Tlak" title="Tlak">tlak</a> sredstva (<a href="/wiki/Medij" class="mw-disambig" title="Medij">medija</a>), poremećaj tlaka prenosi se na susjedne <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cestica" class="mw-redirect" title="Čestica">čestice</a> medija i tako se širi u obliku uglavnom <a href="/wiki/Longitudinalan_val" title="Longitudinalan val">longitudinalnih valova</a> u <a href="/wiki/Plin" title="Plin">plinovima</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kapljevina" class="mw-redirect" title="Kapljevina">kapljevinama</a> i longitudinalnih i <a href="/wiki/Transverzalni_val" title="Transverzalni val">transverzalnih valova</a> u <a href="/wiki/Krutina" class="mw-redirect" title="Krutina">krutinama</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brzina_zvuka" title="Brzina zvuka">Brzina zvuka</a> uglavnom ovisi o <a href="/wiki/Gusto%C4%87a" title="Gustoća">gustoći</a> i <a href="/wiki/Elasti%C4%8Dnost" title="Elastičnost">elastičnim</a> <a href="/wiki/Sila" title="Sila">silama</a> u krutinama i kapljevinama a u plinovima o gustoći, <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperaturi</a> i <a href="/wiki/Tlak" title="Tlak">tlaku</a>. Osim u uobičajenim <a href="/wiki/Mjerna_jedinica" title="Mjerna jedinica">mjernim jedinicama</a> <a href="/wiki/Brzina" title="Brzina">brzine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Metar_u_sekundi" title="Metar u sekundi">m/s</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kilometar_na_sat" title="Kilometar na sat">km/h</a>), mjeri se i nenormiranom jedinicom <a href="/wiki/Mach" title="Mach">mah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Machov_broj" class="mw-redirect" title="Machov broj">machov broj</a>). Kada <a href="/wiki/Zrakoplov" title="Zrakoplov">zrakoplov</a> dosegne brzinu zvuka (oko 343 m/s), tlak se neposredno pred zrakoplovom poremeti, <a href="/wiki/Otpor_sredstva" title="Otpor sredstva">otpor</a> znatno poraste, pa nastaju udarni valovi, koje promatrači na tlu doživljavaju kao prasak (takozvano probijanje <a href="/wiki/Zvu%C4%8Dni_zid" title="Zvučni zid">zvučnoga zida</a>). </p><p>Zvuk se širi bez prijenosa <a href="/wiki/Masa" title="Masa">mase</a>, ali se zvukom prenose <a href="/wiki/Impuls_sile" title="Impuls sile">Impuls sile</a> i <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">energija</a>. U svezi s tim, definiraju se <a href="/wiki/Jakost_zvuka" title="Jakost zvuka">jakost</a>, razina jakosti, <a href="/wiki/Glasno%C4%87a" title="Glasnoća">glasnoća</a> i razina glasnoće zvuka (<a href="/wiki/Akustika" title="Akustika">akustika</a>). Kao i u ostalim vrstama valova, i u širenju zvuka očituju se pojave svojstvene svakom <a href="/wiki/Val" title="Val">valnom</a> gibanju, kao što su <a href="/wiki/Apsorpcija_(razdvojba)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Apsorpcija (razdvojba)">apsorpcija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dopplerov_u%C4%8Dinak" class="mw-redirect" title="Dopplerov učinak">Dopplerov učinak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interferencija_valova" title="Interferencija valova">interferencija valova</a>, lom (<a href="/wiki/Refrakcija" title="Refrakcija">refrakcija</a>), odbijanje (<a href="/wiki/Refleksija" title="Refleksija">refleksija</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ogib" title="Ogib">ogib</a> (<a href="/wiki/Difrakcija" class="mw-redirect" title="Difrakcija">difrakcija</a>). </p><p>U <a href="/wiki/Glazba" title="Glazba">glazbi</a>, zvuk se razlikuje od <a href="/wiki/Ton" title="Ton">tona</a> u užem smislu riječi i od <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0um" title="Šum">šuma</a> po odnosima parcijalnih tonova ili parcijala. Parcijali tona maksimalno su <a href="/wiki/Harmonijsko_titranje" title="Harmonijsko titranje">harmonični</a>, dok su parcijali zvuka tek djelomično harmonični (više je neharmoničnih gornjih parcijalnih tonova nego kod zvuka), a kod šuma su odnosi parcijala posve neharmonični. Osnovna obilježja zvuka (visina, jakost, trajanje i boja) istoznačna su s osnovnim obilježjima tona, samo ih je teže precizno odrediti nego za ton. Pojam zvuk koristi se u glazbi, ponajprije u svakodnevnoj uporabi, i kao sinonim za pojedinačna i skupna obilježja zvuka (na primjer zvukovnu boju) ili osjetilni dojam zvučanja nekih <a href="/wiki/Glazbala" title="Glazbala">glazbala</a> ili ansambala (na primjer zvuk <a href="/wiki/Orgulje" title="Orgulje">orgulja</a>, zvuk <a href="/wiki/Zbor" class="mw-disambig" title="Zbor">zbora</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zvuk se širi zbog <a href="/wiki/Elasti%C4%8Dnost" title="Elastičnost">elastične</a> veze među <a href="/wiki/Molekula" title="Molekula">molekulama</a> sredstva. U <a href="/wiki/Plin" title="Plin">plinovima</a> i <a href="/wiki/Teku%C4%87ina" class="mw-redirect" title="Tekućina">tekućinama</a> valovi zvuka su isključivo <a href="/wiki/Longitudinalan_val" title="Longitudinalan val">longitudinalni</a> (to jest šire se u istom pravcu u kojem se gibaju čestice medija pri titranju), dok u čvrstim tijelima valovi mogu biti također <a href="/wiki/Transverzalni_val" title="Transverzalni val">transverzalni</a>, to jest čestice medija mogu titrati i okomito na pravac širenja vala. Zvuk se ne može širiti kroz <a href="/wiki/Vakuum" title="Vakuum">vakuum</a>. Izvor zvuka je uvijek mehaničko <a href="/wiki/Titranje" title="Titranje">titranje</a> nekog <a href="/wiki/Tijelo_(fizika)" title="Tijelo (fizika)">tijela</a>. Kad udarimo o neki predmet, na primjer trgnemo napetu žicu, čujemo zvuk, a taj osjet zvuka prestaje čim spriječimo da tijelo titra. Energija zvuka širi se nekim sredstvom (medijem) u obliku <a href="/wiki/Mehani%C4%8Dki_valovi" title="Mehanički valovi">mehaničkog vala</a>. To sredstvo je obično <a href="/wiki/Zrak" title="Zrak">zrak</a>, a može biti i tekuće ili elastično čvrsto tijelo. Bez sredstva u kojem se šire mehanički valovi ne možemo čuti zvuk. Prema pravilnosti titranja razlikujemo ton, šum i <a href="/wiki/Buka" title="Buka">buku</a>. Ton je zvuk koji se sastoji od <a href="/wiki/Harmonijsko_titranje" title="Harmonijsko titranje">harmoničkih titraja</a>, dok su šum i buka smjesa titraja različitih <a href="/wiki/Frekvencija" title="Frekvencija">frekvencija</a> i <a href="/wiki/Amplituda" title="Amplituda">amplituda</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Svojstva">Svojstva</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvuk&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Svojstva" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvuk&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Svojstva"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zvučni val se kroz različite <a href="/wiki/Medij" class="mw-disambig" title="Medij">medije</a> kreće različitim <a href="/wiki/Brzina" title="Brzina">brzinama</a>. U <a href="/wiki/Zrak" title="Zrak">zraku</a>, taj se <a href="/wiki/Val" title="Val">val</a>, kreće brzinom od približno 343 m/s, u vodi se kreće približnom brzinom od 1 500 m/s, a u željeznoj žici oko 5 000 m/s. Što je materijal gušći, to se zvuk kroz njega prenosi duže i brže. Zvuk je određen, kao i ostali valovi, dvjema fizikalnim veličinama, <a href="/wiki/Frekvencija" title="Frekvencija">frekvencijom</a> i <a href="/wiki/Valna_duljina" title="Valna duljina">valnom duljinom</a>. Broj titraja koje materijal čini u jednoj sekundi se naziva frekvencija, oznaka je <i>f</i>, a mjerna jedinica Hz (<a href="/wiki/Herc" title="Herc">Herc</a>). Normalno ljudsko <a href="/wiki/Uho" title="Uho">uho</a> može čuti zvukove u <a href="/wiki/Frekvencija" title="Frekvencija">frekvenciji</a> od 16 <a href="/wiki/Herc" title="Herc">Hz</a> do 20 000 Hz. Sve zvukove frekvencije ispod 16 Hz nazivamo <a href="/wiki/Infrazvuk" title="Infrazvuk">infrazvukovima</a> ili podzvukovima, a zvukove frekvencije više od 20 000 Hz nazivamo <a href="/wiki/Ultrazvuk" title="Ultrazvuk">ultrazvukovima</a> ili nadzvukovima; oni se koriste u <a href="/wiki/Tehnika" title="Tehnika">tehnici</a> i <a href="/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina">medicini</a>. Valna duljina, s druge strane, je razmak između dva susjedna najveća zgušnjenja, kao i između dva susjedna razrjeđenja, medija kroz koju se val širi.U osnovi zvukove možemo podijeliti na dvije skupine: <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0um" title="Šum">šumove</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ton" title="Ton">tonove</a>. Šum je zvuk koji nastaje nepravilnim titranjem zvučnog izvora pri čemu se frekvencija stalno mijenja, dok ton nastaje pravilnim titranjem zvučnog izvora i frekvencija je stalna. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Izvori_zvuka">Izvori zvuka</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvuk&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori zvuka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvuk&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori zvuka"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Izvori zvuka su <a href="/wiki/Tijelo_(fizika)" title="Tijelo (fizika)">fizikalna tijela</a> koja <a href="/wiki/Titranje" title="Titranje">titraju</a> <a href="/wiki/Frekvencija" title="Frekvencija">frekvencijom</a> od 16 do 20 000 <a href="/wiki/Hz" class="mw-redirect" title="Hz">Hz</a> u nekom elastičnom sredstvu, na primjer napeta struna ili glazbena vilica u <a href="/wiki/Zrak" title="Zrak">zraku</a>. Najjednostavniji je oblik titranja izvora zvuka <a href="/wiki/Harmoni%C4%8Dko_titranje" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmoničko titranje">harmoničko titranje</a>. Harmoničko titranje stvara harmoničke <a href="/wiki/Val" title="Val">valove</a>. Čisti <a href="/wiki/Ton" title="Ton">ton</a> nastaje ako se frekvencija titranja ne mijenja. Složeni tonovi sadrže više <a href="/wiki/Frekvencija" title="Frekvencija">frekvencija</a>. Po <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fourier" title="Joseph Fourier">Fourierovu</a> teoremu složeni ton može se prikazati kao zbroj <a href="/wiki/Sinus" title="Sinus">sinusnih</a> titranja osnovnom frekvencijom <i>ν<sub>0</sub></i> i višim harmonicima frekvencije <i>n · ν<sub>0</sub></i>, (n = 1, 2, 3, ...). <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0um" title="Šum">Šum</a> je posljedica potpuno nepravilna titranja. Valovi nastali titranjem izvora frekvencijom većom od 20 kHz opisuju se kao <a href="/wiki/Ultrazvuk" title="Ultrazvuk">ultrazvuk</a> (mogu ih čuti neke životinje, na primjer psi i šišmiši), a frekvencijom manjom od 16 Hz kao <a href="/wiki/Infrazvuk" title="Infrazvuk">infrazvuk</a> (mogu ih čuti na primjer patke i slonovi). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brzina_zvuka">Brzina zvuka</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvuk&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Brzina zvuka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvuk&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Brzina zvuka"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7016135">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Brzina_zvuka" title="Brzina zvuka">Brzina zvuka</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Brzina zvuka</b> je <a href="/wiki/Brzina" title="Brzina">brzina</a> kojom se širi <a href="/wiki/Val" title="Val">zvučni val</a> u nekom mediju (sredstvu). Kod krutih medija ovisi o <a href="/wiki/Elasti%C4%8Dnost" title="Elastičnost">elastičnosti</a> dok kod <a href="/wiki/Plin" title="Plin">plinova</a> ovisi o izentropskom (<a href="/wiki/Adijabatski_proces" title="Adijabatski proces">adijabatskom</a>) koeficijentu plina te o njegovoj <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperaturi</a>, dok ne ovisi o <a href="/wiki/Gusto%C4%87a" title="Gustoća">gustoći</a> i <a href="/wiki/Tlak" title="Tlak">tlaku</a> <a href="/wiki/Plin" title="Plin">plina</a>. Brzina valova ovisi o mediju kroz koje se valovi šire pa je na primjer brzina <a href="/wiki/Mehani%C4%8Dki_valovi" title="Mehanički valovi">mehaničkih valova</a> u <a href="/wiki/Krutine" title="Krutine">čvrstom tijelu</a>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v={\sqrt {\frac {E}{\rho }}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>v</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mfrac> <mi>E</mi> <mi>ρ</mi> </mfrac> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v={\sqrt {\frac {E}{\rho }}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/429c53cbf8296718ace9e9814dcf7f730da7d529" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.338ex; width:9.162ex; height:7.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v={\sqrt {\frac {E}{\rho }}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>a u <a href="/wiki/Plin" title="Plin">plinu</a>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v={\sqrt {\frac {\chi \cdot p}{\rho }}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>v</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>χ</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> <mi>ρ</mi> </mfrac> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v={\sqrt {\frac {\chi \cdot p}{\rho }}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e0948f789f6ac3ce33989e83ca047ab69537c99b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.838ex; width:11.69ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v={\sqrt {\frac {\chi \cdot p}{\rho }}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>gdje je: <i>E</i> - <a href="/wiki/Youngov_modul_elasti%C4%8Dnosti" title="Youngov modul elastičnosti">modul elastičnosti</a>, <i>ρ</i> - <a href="/wiki/Gusto%C4%87a" title="Gustoća">gustoća</a> tijela ili plina, <i>ϰ</i> - <a href="/wiki/Adijabatski_proces" title="Adijabatski proces">adijabatski</a> koeficijent plina, <i>p</i> - <a href="/wiki/Tlak" title="Tlak">tlak</a> plina. </p><p>Brzina zvuka u zraku temperature 20 <a href="/wiki/%C2%B0C" class="mw-redirect" title="°C">°C</a> iznosi 343 <a href="/wiki/M/s" class="mw-redirect" title="M/s">m/s</a> (1 235 <a href="/wiki/Km/h" class="mw-redirect" title="Km/h">km/h</a> na 0 metara <a href="/wiki/Nadmorska_visina" title="Nadmorska visina">nadmorske visine</a>). Kako za pojedini plin brzina zvuka ovisi isključivo o njegovoj temperaturi, tako se kod <a href="/wiki/Zrakoplov" title="Zrakoplov">zrakoplova</a> prilikom povećanja visine leta brzina zvuka smanjuje zbog smanjenja temperature zraka s visinom. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Medij</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Brzina_zvuka" title="Brzina zvuka">Brzina zvuka</a> na 20 <a href="/wiki/Celzij" title="Celzij">°C</a> i <a href="/wiki/Atmosferski_tlak" title="Atmosferski tlak">atmosferskom tlaku</a> od 10<sup>5</sup> <a href="/wiki/Pa" class="mw-redirect" title="Pa">Pa</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Poli(vinil-klorid)" title="Poli(vinil-klorid)">poli(vinil-klorid)</a>, savitljivi</td> <td>80 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Guma" title="Guma">guma</a></td> <td>150 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ugljikov_dioksid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ugljikov dioksid">ugljikov dioksid</a></td> <td>266 m/s (na 20°C) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kisik" title="Kisik">kisik</a></td> <td>317 m/s (na 20°C) </td></tr> <tr> <td>zrak</td> <td>319 m/s (na - 20°C) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zrak" title="Zrak">zrak</a></td> <td>343 m/s (na 20°C) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">pluto</a></td> <td>500 m/s </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Helij" title="Helij">helij</a></td> <td>981 m/s </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol">etanol</a></td> <td>1 170 m/s </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Olovo_(element)" title="Olovo (element)">olovo</a></td> <td>1 250 m/s </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vodik" title="Vodik">vodik</a></td> <td>1 280 m/s </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Benzen" title="Benzen">benzen</a></td> <td>1 320 m/s </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">voda</a></td> <td>1 485 m/s </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Krv" title="Krv">krv</a></td> <td>1 570 m/s </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mineralna_ulja" title="Mineralna ulja">mineralno ulje</a> (SAE 20/30)</td> <td>1 740 m/s </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Drvo_(materijal)" title="Drvo (materijal)">drvo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Obi%C4%8Dna_bukva" title="Obična bukva">bukovo</a></td> <td>3 300 m/s </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Beton" title="Beton">beton</a></td> <td>3 750 m/s </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bakar_(element)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakar (element)">bakar</a></td> <td>4 700 m/s </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljezo" title="Željezo">željezo</a></td> <td>5 170 m/s </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Staklo" title="Staklo">staklo</a></td> <td>5 500 m/s </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mramor" title="Mramor">mramor</a></td> <td>6 150 m/s </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aluminij" title="Aluminij">aluminij</a></td> <td>6 300 m/s </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Carl_Schweninger_sen_Das_Echo_vom_Traunstein.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Carl_Schweninger_sen_Das_Echo_vom_Traunstein.jpg/250px-Carl_Schweninger_sen_Das_Echo_vom_Traunstein.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Carl_Schweninger_sen_Das_Echo_vom_Traunstein.jpg/375px-Carl_Schweninger_sen_Das_Echo_vom_Traunstein.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Carl_Schweninger_sen_Das_Echo_vom_Traunstein.jpg/500px-Carl_Schweninger_sen_Das_Echo_vom_Traunstein.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5100" data-file-height="3798" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jeka" title="Jeka">Jeka</a> je vraćanje emitiranih valova zbog odbijanja od neke površine, tako da reflektirani val dolazi promatraču sa zakašnjenjem u odnosu na izvorni val.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jakost_zvuka">Jakost zvuka</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvuk&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: Jakost zvuka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvuk&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Jakost zvuka"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Jakost_zvuka" title="Jakost zvuka">Jakost zvuka</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Jakost zvuka</b> (oznaka <i>I</i>) je <a href="/wiki/Mjerna_veli%C4%8Dina" title="Mjerna veličina">fizikalna mjerna veličina</a> koja opisuje <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">energiju</a> zvučnoga vala u vremenskom razdoblju (intervalu) kroz površinu okomitu na smjer širenja <a href="/wiki/Val" title="Val">vala</a>. Mjerna je jedinica <a href="/wiki/Vat" title="Vat">vat</a> po <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cetvorni_metar" title="Četvorni metar">kvadratnom metru</a> (W/m²). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Prag_%C4%8Dujnosti" title="Prag čujnosti">Prag čujnosti</a> je najmanja jakost zvuka koju ljudsko <a href="/wiki/Uho" title="Uho">uho</a> može čuti: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I_{0}=1~\mathrm {pW/m^{2}} =0,000\,000\,000\,001~\mathrm {W/m^{2}} .}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>000</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mn>000</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mn>000</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mn>001</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I_{0}=1~\mathrm {pW/m^{2}} =0,000\,000\,000\,001~\mathrm {W/m^{2}} .}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e724479116400e08f3140f1a39b648d19a300189" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:42.927ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I_{0}=1~\mathrm {pW/m^{2}} =0,000\,000\,000\,001~\mathrm {W/m^{2}} .}"></span></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Razina_jakosti_zvuka" title="Razina jakosti zvuka">Razina jakosti zvuka</a> (oznaka <i>L</i>) je <a href="/wiki/Mjerna_veli%C4%8Dina" title="Mjerna veličina">mjerna veličina</a> prilagođena osjetljivosti ljudskoga uha, deseterostruki <a href="/wiki/Logaritam" title="Logaritam">logaritam</a> omjera jakosti nekoga zvuka i praga čujnosti, odnosno: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L={\frac {1}{2}}\cdot \ln \!\left({\frac {I}{I_{0}}}\right)\!~\mathrm {Np} =\log _{10}\!\left({\frac {I}{I_{0}}}\right)\!~\mathrm {B} =10\cdot \log _{10}\!\left({\frac {I}{I_{0}}}\right)\!~\mathrm {dB} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>L</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>ln</mi> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>I</mi> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>log</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>I</mi> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <msub> <mi>log</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>I</mi> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L={\frac {1}{2}}\cdot \ln \!\left({\frac {I}{I_{0}}}\right)\!~\mathrm {Np} =\log _{10}\!\left({\frac {I}{I_{0}}}\right)\!~\mathrm {B} =10\cdot \log _{10}\!\left({\frac {I}{I_{0}}}\right)\!~\mathrm {dB} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b6877dc6fd32c41f2a41a39442d4b0433c59579b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:58.56ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L={\frac {1}{2}}\cdot \ln \!\left({\frac {I}{I_{0}}}\right)\!~\mathrm {Np} =\log _{10}\!\left({\frac {I}{I_{0}}}\right)\!~\mathrm {B} =10\cdot \log _{10}\!\left({\frac {I}{I_{0}}}\right)\!~\mathrm {dB} }"></span></dd></dl> <p>gdje je: </p> <ul><li><i>I</i> - razina jakosti zvuka;</li> <li><i>I</i><sub>0</sub> - prag čujnosti;</li> <li>Np - <a href="/wiki/Neper" title="Neper">neper</a>;</li> <li>B - <a href="/wiki/Bel_(jedinica)" title="Bel (jedinica)">bel</a>;</li> <li>dB - <a href="/wiki/Bel_(jedinica)" title="Bel (jedinica)">decibel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Decibel">Decibel</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvuk&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak: Decibel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvuk&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Decibel"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Decibel</b> (oznaka dB) je decimalna jedinica brojčane jedinice <a href="/wiki/Bel_(jedinica)" title="Bel (jedinica)">bel</a> iznimno dopuštene izvan SI (<a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_sustav_mjernih_jedinica" title="Međunarodni sustav mjernih jedinica">Međunarodni sustav mjernih jedinica</a>). Decibel je jedinica razine neke fizikalne veličine (razine snage, napona, struje, jakosti zvuka i drugog). Poseban je naziv za broj jedan kada je razina (na primjer snage <i>P<sub>2</sub></i> prema snazi <i>P<sub>1</sub></i>) izračunana jednadžbom:<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L=10\cdot \log _{10}\!\left({\frac {P_{2}}{P_{1}}}\right)\!~\mathrm {dB} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>L</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <msub> <mi>log</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L=10\cdot \log _{10}\!\left({\frac {P_{2}}{P_{1}}}\right)\!~\mathrm {dB} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/dcbed12d387284cb119b51ebfa8b2da4454ccf68" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:23.856ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L=10\cdot \log _{10}\!\left({\frac {P_{2}}{P_{1}}}\right)\!~\mathrm {dB} }"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 1\,\mathrm {dB} ={\frac {1}{10}}\,\mathrm {B} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>1</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>10</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 1\,\mathrm {dB} ={\frac {1}{10}}\,\mathrm {B} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f8aaabe45968399c0e4c151667843c5837425624" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:12.78ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 1\,\mathrm {dB} ={\frac {1}{10}}\,\mathrm {B} }"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bel">Bel</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvuk&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak: Bel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvuk&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Bel"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Bel_(jedinica)" title="Bel (jedinica)">Bel (jedinica)</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Bel</b> (prema <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">A. G. Bellu</a>; oznaka B) je brojčana jedinica razine određene fizikalne veličine prema odabranoj usporedbenoj vrijednosti, kada je ta razina određena dekadskim logaritmom omjera vrijednosti tih veličina. Bel je iznimno dopuštena jedinica izvan SI (<a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_sustav_mjernih_jedinica" title="Međunarodni sustav mjernih jedinica">Međunarodni sustav mjernih jedinica</a>), povezana s jedinicom <a href="/wiki/Neper" title="Neper">neper</a> (Np) jednadžbom: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L={\frac {1}{2}}\cdot \ln 10\,(\mathrm {Np} )}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>L</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>ln</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L={\frac {1}{2}}\cdot \ln 10\,(\mathrm {Np} )}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/03f390d614221294cfbae098a0be1251aec0e97e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:18.242ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L={\frac {1}{2}}\cdot \ln 10\,(\mathrm {Np} )}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Većinom se upotrebljava decimalna jedinica decibel (dB = 0,1 B). Na primjer ako je <a href="/wiki/Snaga" title="Snaga">snaga</a> nekog signala 1 <a href="/wiki/Vat" title="Vat">W</a>, a dogovorena usporedbena snaga 1 mW, tada je razina signala:<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L=10\cdot \log _{10}\!\left({\frac {1}{0,001}}\right)\!~\mathrm {dB} =10\cdot \log _{10}\,10^{3}\!~\mathrm {dB} =30\,\mathrm {dB} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>L</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <msub> <mi>log</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>001</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <msub> <mi>log</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>30</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L=10\cdot \log _{10}\!\left({\frac {1}{0,001}}\right)\!~\mathrm {dB} =10\cdot \log _{10}\,10^{3}\!~\mathrm {dB} =30\,\mathrm {dB} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6fb463341d0ca1c3cd3bb52f57b092a4cc089781" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:54.977ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L=10\cdot \log _{10}\!\left({\frac {1}{0,001}}\right)\!~\mathrm {dB} =10\cdot \log _{10}\,10^{3}\!~\mathrm {dB} =30\,\mathrm {dB} }"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Neper">Neper</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvuk&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odlomak: Neper" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvuk&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Neper"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Neper" title="Neper">Neper</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Neper</b> (po <a href="/wiki/John_Napier" title="John Napier">J. Napieru ili Neperu</a>; oznaka Np) je brojčana jedinica razine određene fizikalne veličine prema odabranoj usporedbenoj vrijednosti, kada je ta razina određena prirodnim logaritmom omjera vrijednosti tih veličina, pa je poseban naziv broja jedan (Np = 1). Neper je iznimno dopuštena jedinica izvan <a href="/wiki/SI" class="mw-redirect" title="SI">SI</a>. Rabi se uglavnom u <a href="/wiki/Telekomunikacija" title="Telekomunikacija">elektrokomunikacijama</a> za izražavanje gušenja <a href="/wiki/Signal" title="Signal">signala</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:FA-18_Hornet_breaking_sound_barrier_(7_July_1999).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/FA-18_Hornet_breaking_sound_barrier_%287_July_1999%29.jpg/250px-FA-18_Hornet_breaking_sound_barrier_%287_July_1999%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/FA-18_Hornet_breaking_sound_barrier_%287_July_1999%29.jpg/375px-FA-18_Hornet_breaking_sound_barrier_%287_July_1999%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/FA-18_Hornet_breaking_sound_barrier_%287_July_1999%29.jpg/500px-FA-18_Hornet_breaking_sound_barrier_%287_July_1999%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption><i>Northrop F/A-18</i> probija <a href="/wiki/Zvu%C4%8Dni_zid" title="Zvučni zid">zvučni zid</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Refleksija_ili_odbijanje_zvuka">Refleksija ili odbijanje zvuka</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvuk&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odlomak: Refleksija ili odbijanje zvuka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvuk&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Refleksija ili odbijanje zvuka"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zvuk se odbija ili reflektira kad u svom rasprostiranju naiđe na zapreku. Refleksija zvuka zbiva se uvijek tako da je <a href="/wiki/Kut" title="Kut">kut</a> upadanja jednak kutu odbijanja. U šumi ili planinama ćemo refleksiju ili odbijanje zvuka još jače osjetiti. Odbijeni zvuk se vraća i mi ga čujemo kao ponovljeni zvuk. To vraćanje zvuka, koje nastaje odbijanjem zvučnih valova zove se <a href="/wiki/Jeka" title="Jeka">jeka</a>. Međutim, jeka može postati vrlo neugodna i nezgodna u <a href="/wiki/Prostorija" title="Prostorija">prostorijama</a>. Da bismo jeku čuli odijeljeno od zvuka, moramo biti udaljeni od pregrade od koje se zvuk odbija više od 17 <a href="/wiki/Metar" title="Metar">metara</a>, jer se inače zvuk i jeka stope zajedno u jedan zvuk. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lom_i_ogib_zvuka">Lom i ogib zvuka</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvuk&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odlomak: Lom i ogib zvuka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvuk&action=edit&section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Lom i ogib zvuka"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Da postoji lom zvučnih valova, pokazuju pojave koje nastaju pri <a href="/wiki/Eksplozija" title="Eksplozija">eksploziji</a>. Tom prilikom zrake zvuka dolaze u visini do slojeva zraka u <a href="/wiki/Atmosfera" title="Atmosfera">atmosferi</a> niže temperature u kojima se zvuk širi manjom brzinom. Zato se zrake zvuka lome prema okomici na taj sloj. Međutim, u visinama od 40 do 60 kilometara temperatura zraka opet raste, pa se zvuk širi većom brzinom, a zrake zvuka se lome od okomice i konačno odbijaju na jednom sloju zraka. Posljedica je toga da se zvuk čuje do udaljenosti od 70 kilometara, a onda se do otprilike 180 kilometara uopće ne čuje. Taj pojas od 70 do 180 km, u kojem se zvuk ne čuje zove se <b>pojas šutnje</b>. Od 180 km pa do 250 km, zvuk se ponovo čuje. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ogib" title="Ogib">Ogib</a> zvuka je pojava širenja zvuka također iza zapreke što se tumači <a href="/wiki/Huygensovo_na%C4%8Delo" title="Huygensovo načelo">Huygensovim načelom</a> ili Huygensovim principom. Ta je pojava ogiba zvuka mnogo veća kod zvučnih valova nego kod valova na vodi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zvučni_zid"><span id="Zvu.C4.8Dni_zid"></span>Zvučni zid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvuk&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odlomak: Zvučni zid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvuk&action=edit&section=10" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Zvučni zid"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Zvu%C4%8Dni_zid" title="Zvučni zid">Zvučni zid</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Zvučni zid</b> je <a href="/wiki/Aerodinamika" title="Aerodinamika">aerodinamička</a> pojava koja nastaje pri dosezanju brzine zvuka neke letjelice ili drugoga objekta. Premda se zrak pri malim brzinama strujanja smatra nestišljivim <a href="/wiki/Fluid" title="Fluid">fluidom</a>, pri većim brzinama postaje stišljiv. Tako <a href="/wiki/Zrakoplov" title="Zrakoplov">zrakoplov</a> u letu stvara poremećaj <a href="/wiki/Tlak" title="Tlak">tlaka</a> okolnoga zraka, koji se pri manjim brzinama strujanja nalazi neznatno ispred zrakoplova. Kada zrakoplov dosegne brzinu zvuka (ovisno o temperaturi, od 1 152 do 1 224 km/h), stvara se poremećaj tlaka neposredno pred zrakoplovom, otpor znatno poraste, pa nastaju udarni valovi, koje promatrači na tlu doživljavaju kao prasak (takozvano probijanje zvučnoga zida). Razvojem zrakoplovâ vršne su se brzine približavale brzini zvuka, pa je postao očit razoran utjecaj udarnih valova, jer su neki zrakoplovi bili znatno oštećeni pri letu u tom području brzina. Zbog toga se dugo vjerovalo da zrakoplov ne može nadmašiti brzinu zvuka. Ipak su nakon Drugog svjetskog rata američki inženjeri, primjenjujući rezultate njemačkih istraživanja, konstruirali raketni zrakoplov <i>X-1</i>, kojim je 1947. pilot <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Yeager" title="Chuck Yeager">Chuck Yeager</a> prvi probio zvučni zid, a poslije su i neki putnički zrakoplovi (na primjer francuski <a href="/wiki/Concorde" title="Concorde">Concorde</a> te ruski <a href="/wiki/Tupoljev_Tu-144" title="Tupoljev Tu-144">Tupoljev Tu-144</a>) letjeli brzinom većom od brzine zvuka.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iz tog razloga kod današnjih zrakoplova brzina se izražava Machovim brojem. <a href="/wiki/Machov_broj" class="mw-redirect" title="Machov broj">Machov broj</a> je omjer između brzine zrakoplova i brzine zvuka. Tako na primjer zrakoplov ima Machov broj 1 ako može postići brzinu zvuka, a Machov broj 2 ako može postići dvaput veću brzinu od brzine zvuka. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jedinice">Jedinice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvuk&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi odlomak: Jedinice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvuk&action=edit&section=11" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Jedinice"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Acoustic_weighting_curves.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Acoustic_weighting_curves.svg/250px-Acoustic_weighting_curves.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Acoustic_weighting_curves.svg/375px-Acoustic_weighting_curves.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Acoustic_weighting_curves.svg/500px-Acoustic_weighting_curves.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Krivulje A, B, C i D težinskih faktora za utvrđivanje glasnoće zvuka u odnosu na frekvenciju (prema EN 61672-1/-2).</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Frekvencija" title="Frekvencija">Frekvencija</a> (<i>visina</i>) zvuka se mjeri u <a href="/wiki/Hz" class="mw-redirect" title="Hz">hercima (Hz)</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Glasno%C4%87a" title="Glasnoća">Glasnoća</a> zvuka se često izražava u <a href="/wiki/Decibel" title="Decibel">decibelima</a>, iako ju je moguće izraziti i preko snage koju zvuk nosi (<a href="/wiki/W" title="W">W</a>, W/m², W/<a href="/wiki/Steradijan" title="Steradijan">srad</a>), ili kao efektivni ili maksimalni iznos promjene tlaka u odnosu na tlak neporemećenog sredstva u kojem se zvuk širi (<a href="/wiki/Pa" class="mw-redirect" title="Pa">Pa</a>). </p><p>Decibel je bezdimenzionalna, <a href="/wiki/Logaritam" title="Logaritam">logaritamska</a> mjera odnosa dviju veličina, te je potrebno odrediti iznos referentne veličine. Standardno se razina zvuka u decibelima prikazuje u odnosu na referentni iznos od 20 µPa koji načelno odgovara <a href="/wiki/Prag_%C4%8Dujnosti" title="Prag čujnosti">pragu čujnosti</a>, pa se to obično naznačuje dodatkom SPL (engl.: <i>Sound Pressure level</i>). Na primjer, šapat ima 30 dB(A)<sub>SPL</sub>, govor 60 dB(A)<sub>SPL</sub>, buka 90 dB(A)<sub>SPL</sub>, a za zvuk inteziteta 120 dB<sub>SPL</sub> kažemo da je <a href="/wiki/Granica_bola" title="Granica bola">granica bola</a>. Kod izražavanja glasnoće uzima se u obzir da ljudsko <a href="/wiki/Uho" title="Uho">uho</a> nije jednako osjetljivo na sve frekvencije. Stoga su definirani težinski faktori kojima se određuje s kojim značajem se pojedina frekvencija uzima u obzir kod mjerenja glasnoće zvuka. Za ljudsko uho su ti težinski faktori dati kao <i>krivulja A</i> (prema standardu EN 61672-1/-2), a mjerenja zasnovana na tim težinskim faktorima se označavaju kao dB(A), a ponekad i kao dBA ili dB<sub>A</sub>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Decibel" title="Decibel">Decibel</a> je mjerna jedinica izvedena iz jedinice <a href="/wiki/Bel_(jedinica)" title="Bel (jedinica)">bel</a> (<b>B</b>) - nazvan tako u čast <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">A.G. Bella</a>, izumitelja <a href="/wiki/Telefon" title="Telefon">telefona</a> - no iz praktičnih se razloga koristi deset puta manja logaritamska mjera decibel (<b>dB</b>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Osjet_zvuka_ili_osjetljivost_uha">Osjet zvuka ili osjetljivost uha</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvuk&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Uredi odlomak: Osjet zvuka ili osjetljivost uha" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvuk&action=edit&section=12" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Osjet zvuka ili osjetljivost uha"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Razina_glasno%C4%87e_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/e/e3/Razina_glasno%C4%87e_1.png/250px-Razina_glasno%C4%87e_1.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/e/e3/Razina_glasno%C4%87e_1.png/375px-Razina_glasno%C4%87e_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/e/e3/Razina_glasno%C4%87e_1.png/500px-Razina_glasno%C4%87e_1.png 2x" data-file-width="668" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Usporedba razine jakosti zvuka (dB) i glasnoće ili jakosti zvuka (fon) prema <a href="/wiki/Standard" title="Standard">standardu</a> ISO 226 iz 2003.</figcaption></figure> <p>Slušni <a href="/wiki/Osjeti" title="Osjeti">osjet</a> jakosti zvuka osniva se na <a href="/wiki/Fiziologija" title="Fiziologija">fiziološkom djelovanju</a>, to jest na podraživanju slušnih <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivac" title="Živac">živaca</a>. Zato je potrebno utvrditi kako taj slušni osjet ovisi o jakosti zvuka, odnosno o zvučnom <a href="/wiki/Tlak" title="Tlak">tlaku</a>. Ispitivanje je pokazalo da je za svaki čist <a href="/wiki/Ton" title="Ton">ton</a> potreban neki minimalni zvučni tlak da bi ga uho moglo čuti. Taj minimalni tlak kod kojeg se još određeni ton čuje zove se <a href="/wiki/Prag_%C4%8Dujnosti" title="Prag čujnosti">prag</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Granica_%C4%8Dujnosti" class="mw-redirect" title="Granica čujnosti">granica čujnosti</a>. No zvučni tlak može biti opet tako velik da prouzrokuje <a href="/wiki/Bol_(osje%C4%87aj)" title="Bol (osjećaj)">bol</a> u ušima pa se zato zove <a href="/wiki/Granica_bola" title="Granica bola">granica bola</a>. Granica čujnosti i granica bola ovisne su o <a href="/wiki/Frekvencija" title="Frekvencija">frekvenciji</a>, to jest kod različitih frekvencija one su različite. Osjetljivost uha je najveća kod frekvencije oko 2 700 <a href="/wiki/Hz" class="mw-redirect" title="Hz">Hz</a>. Ljudsko uho osjeća zvukom izazvanu promjenu tlaka zraka (akustički tlak). Za zvučni val frekvencije 1 k<a href="/wiki/Hz" class="mw-redirect" title="Hz">Hz</a> i jakosti koja odgovara pragu čujnosti (<i>I<sub>0</sub></i> = 10<sup>–12</sup> W/m²), <a href="/wiki/Amplituda" title="Amplituda">amplituda</a> pomaka čestice iznosi oko 10<sup>–11</sup> <a href="/wiki/Metar" title="Metar">m</a>, dok je amplituda akustičkoga tlaka oko 2 · 10<sup>–5</sup> <a href="/wiki/Pa" class="mw-redirect" title="Pa">Pa</a>. Za zvuk na granici bola pomak je čestice 10<sup>–5</sup> m, a akustički tlak 30 Pa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Glasnoća_ili_jakost_glasa"><span id="Glasno.C4.87a_ili_jakost_glasa"></span>Glasnoća ili jakost glasa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvuk&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Uredi odlomak: Glasnoća ili jakost glasa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvuk&action=edit&section=13" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Glasnoća ili jakost glasa"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Glasno%C4%87a" title="Glasnoća">Glasnoća</a></div></i></div> <p>Kao mjera za fiziološko djelovanje izvora zvuka na uho služi jakost glasa. Jakost glasa ovisi o jakosti zvuka, odnosno o zvučnom tlaku i s ovim se ne smije zamijeniti. Jakost glasa ili glasnoća je fiziološki, a jakost zvuka <a href="/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika">fizikalni pojam</a>. Tako na primjer jakost glasa 10 motornih vozila nije 10 puta veća od jakosti glasa jednog <a href="/wiki/Vozila" class="mw-redirect" title="Vozila">vozila</a>. Jedinica za jakost glasa je <a href="/wiki/Fon_(jedinica)" title="Fon (jedinica)">fon</a>. Jakost zvuka od 2,5 ∙ 10<sup>-12</sup> W/m2 odgovara jakosti glasa od nula fona. </p><p>Glasnoća zvuka jest osjet jakosti zvuka u ljudskom uhu. Ovisi o jakosti i frekvenciji zvuka. Razina glasnoće izražena u fonima jest, dogovorno, jednaka razini jakosti u <a href="/wiki/Decibel" title="Decibel">decibelima</a> za zvuk frekvencije 1 000 Hz u cijelom području od granice čujnosti do granice bola. Primjeri razine glasnoće različitih složenih zvukova dani su u sljedećoj tablici: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Vrsta zvuka</th> <th>Razina glasnoće (<a href="/wiki/Fon_(jedinica)" title="Fon (jedinica)">fon</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <td>prag <a href="/wiki/Osjeti" title="Osjeti">osjeta</a></td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>šaptanje</td> <td>20 </td></tr> <tr> <td>tiha <a href="/wiki/Glazba" title="Glazba">glazba</a></td> <td>40 </td></tr> <tr> <td>bučan govor</td> <td>60 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Promet" title="Promet">prometna</a> <a href="/wiki/Ulica" title="Ulica">ulica</a></td> <td>80 </td></tr> <tr> <td>prolazak brzog <a href="/wiki/Vlak" title="Vlak">vlaka</a></td> <td>100 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Motor" title="Motor">motor</a> <a href="/wiki/Zrakoplov" title="Zrakoplov">zrakoplova</a></td> <td>120 </td></tr> <tr> <td>prag <a href="/wiki/Bol_(osje%C4%87aj)" title="Bol (osjećaj)">bola</a></td> <td>130 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvuk&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvuk&action=edit&section=14" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>zvuk</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=67594">[1]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Velimir Kruz: "Tehnička fizika za tehničke škole", "Školska knjiga" Zagreb, 1969.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>jakost zvuka</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=69160">[2]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>decibel</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=14135">[3]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>bel</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?ID=6672">[4]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>neper</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?ID=43419">[5]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>zvučni zid</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=67592">[6]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2016.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Poveznice">Poveznice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvuk&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Uredi odlomak: Poveznice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvuk&action=edit&section=15" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Poveznice"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infrazvuk" title="Infrazvuk">Infrazvuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultrazvuk" title="Ultrazvuk">Ultrazvuk</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Dobavljeno iz "<a dir="ltr" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zvuk&oldid=6920689">https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zvuk&oldid=6920689</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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