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class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div 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location">28.083°N 57.500°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">28.083; -57.500</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British refrigerated cargo liner</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:StateLibQld_1_141855_Melbourne_Star_(ship).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/StateLibQld_1_141855_Melbourne_Star_%28ship%29.jpg/300px-StateLibQld_1_141855_Melbourne_Star_%28ship%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/StateLibQld_1_141855_Melbourne_Star_%28ship%29.jpg/450px-StateLibQld_1_141855_Melbourne_Star_%28ship%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/StateLibQld_1_141855_Melbourne_Star_%28ship%29.jpg/600px-StateLibQld_1_141855_Melbourne_Star_%28ship%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="489" /></a></span><div><i>Melbourne Star</i> under way</div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">History</th></tr> <tr><th height="30" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;color:inherit;text-align:left;padding-left:2px;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Civil_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/56px-Civil_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="56" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Civil_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/84px-Civil_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Civil_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/112px-Civil_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span style="padding-left:1em"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></span></th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Name</td><td><i>Melbourne Star</i></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Namesake</td><td><a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Owner</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Union Cold Storage Co 1936–42</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Frederick Leyland & Co 1942–53</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Operator</td><td><a href="/wiki/Blue_Star_Line" title="Blue Star Line">Blue Star Line</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Port of registry</td><td><a href="/wiki/Port_of_London" title="Port of London">London</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Builder</td><td><a href="/wiki/Cammell_Laird" title="Cammell Laird">Cammell Laird</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birkenhead" title="Birkenhead">Birkenhead</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Yard number</td><td>1014</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Launched</td><td>7 July 1936</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Completed</td><td>November 1936</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Identification</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">UK <a href="/wiki/Official_number" title="Official number">official number</a> 165326</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Maritime_call_sign" title="Maritime call sign">Call sign</a> GYZZ</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><span class="flagicon" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ICS_Golf.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/ICS_Golf.svg/15px-ICS_Golf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/ICS_Golf.svg/23px-ICS_Golf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/ICS_Golf.svg/30px-ICS_Golf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ICS_Yankee.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/ICS_Yankee.svg/15px-ICS_Yankee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/ICS_Yankee.svg/23px-ICS_Yankee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/ICS_Yankee.svg/30px-ICS_Yankee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ICS_Zulu.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/ICS_Zulu.svg/15px-ICS_Zulu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/ICS_Zulu.svg/23px-ICS_Zulu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/ICS_Zulu.svg/30px-ICS_Zulu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ICS_Zulu.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/ICS_Zulu.svg/15px-ICS_Zulu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/ICS_Zulu.svg/23px-ICS_Zulu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/ICS_Zulu.svg/30px-ICS_Zulu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Fate</td><td>Sunk, 2 April 1943</td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">General characteristics</th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Type</td><td><a href="/wiki/Reefer_ship" title="Reefer ship">refrigerated cargo ship</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Tonnage</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">12,806 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">tonnage under deck 11,614</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">7,964 <a href="/wiki/Net_register_tonnage" title="Net register tonnage">NRT</a></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Length</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">530 ft (160 m) <a href="/wiki/Length_between_perpendiculars" title="Length between perpendiculars">p/p</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">548.8 ft (167.3 m) <a href="/wiki/Length_overall" title="Length overall">o/a</a></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Beam</td><td>70.4 ft (21.5 m)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Draught</td><td>43 ft 4 in (13.21 m)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Depth</td><td>32.2 ft (9.8 m)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Installed power</td><td>2,806 <a href="/wiki/Horsepower#Nominal_horsepower" title="Horsepower">NHP</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Propulsion</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">2 × 10-cylinder <a href="/wiki/Sulzer_(manufacturer)" title="Sulzer (manufacturer)">Sulzer Bros</a> <a href="/wiki/Marine_propulsion#Reciprocating" title="Marine propulsion">marine diesel engines</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">twin <a href="/wiki/Propeller" title="Propeller">screws</a></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Crew</td><td>76 crew + (in wartime) 11 <a href="/wiki/Defensively_equipped_merchant_ship" title="Defensively equipped merchant ship">DEMS</a> gunners</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Sensors and <br /> processing systems</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">wireless <a href="/wiki/Direction_finding" title="Direction finding">direction finding</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Echo_sounding" title="Echo sounding">echo sounding</a> device</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Gyrocompass" title="Gyrocompass">gyrocompass</a></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Armament</td><td><a href="/wiki/Defensively_equipped_merchant_ship" title="Defensively equipped merchant ship">DEMS</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Notes</td><td><a href="/wiki/Sister_ship" title="Sister ship">sister ship</a>: <a href="/wiki/MV_Brisbane_Star" title="MV Brisbane Star"><i>Brisbane Star</i></a></td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Service record</th> </tr> <tr><td>Operations:</td><td> <ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Substance" title="Operation Substance">Operation Substance</a>, 1941</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Pedestal" title="Operation Pedestal">Operation Pedestal</a>, 1942</li> </ul></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>MV <i>Melbourne Star</i></b> was a British <a href="/wiki/Reefer_ship" title="Reefer ship">refrigerated</a> <a href="/wiki/Cargo_liner" title="Cargo liner">cargo liner</a>. She was built by <a href="/wiki/Cammell_Laird" title="Cammell Laird">Cammell Laird</a> and Co in 1936 as one of <a href="/wiki/Blue_Star_Line" title="Blue Star Line">Blue Star Line</a>'s <a href="/w/index.php?title=MV_Imperial_Star_(1935)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MV Imperial Star (1935) (page does not exist)"><i>Imperial Star</i></a>-class ships, designed to ship frozen meat from <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. She served in the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> and is distinguished for her role in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Pedestal" title="Operation Pedestal">Operation Pedestal</a> to relieve the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Malta_(World_War_II)" title="Siege of Malta (World War II)">siege of Malta</a> in August 1942. She was sunk by torpedo in 1943 with the loss of 115 lives. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Building">Building</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MV_Melbourne_Star_(1936)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Building"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Cammell_Laird" title="Cammell Laird">Cammell Laird</a> and Co in <a href="/wiki/Birkenhead" title="Birkenhead">Birkenhead</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> built the <a href="/wiki/Sister_ship" title="Sister ship">sister ships</a> <i>Melbourne Star</i> and <a href="/wiki/MV_Brisbane_Star" title="MV Brisbane Star"><i>Brisbane Star</i></a> and launched them on the same day, 7 July 1936. <i>Melbourne Star</i> was completed in November 1936, followed by <i>Brisbane Star</i> in January 1937. Both ships were initially owned by Union Cold Storage, a ship-owning company controlled by Blue Star Line.<sup id="cite_ref-LR41_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LR41-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Imperial Star</i> class were <a href="/wiki/Motor_ship" title="Motor ship">motor ships</a>. <i>Melbourne Star</i> and <i>Brisbane Star</i> each had a pair of 10-cylinder, <a href="/wiki/Two-stroke_diesel_engine" title="Two-stroke diesel engine">two-stroke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Single-_and_double-acting_cylinders" title="Single- and double-acting cylinders">single-acting</a> <a href="/wiki/Sulzer_(manufacturer)" title="Sulzer (manufacturer)">Sulzer Bros</a> <a href="/wiki/Marine_propulsion#Reciprocating" title="Marine propulsion">marine diesel engines</a>. <i>Melbourne Star</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s engines developed a total of 2,806 <a href="/wiki/Horsepower#Nominal_horsepower" title="Horsepower">NHP</a>. Her navigation equipment included wireless <a href="/wiki/Direction_finding" title="Direction finding">direction finding</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Echo_sounding" title="Echo sounding">echo sounding</a> device and a <a href="/wiki/Gyrocompass" title="Gyrocompass">gyrocompass</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LR41_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LR41-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="War_service">War service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MV_Melbourne_Star_(1936)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: War service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 5 October 1940 <i>Melbourne Star</i> was in the North Atlantic between 400 and 500 miles west of <a href="/wiki/Achill_Island" title="Achill Island">Achill Island</a> in Ireland <i>en route</i> from <a href="/wiki/Freetown" title="Freetown">Freetown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a> to <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, Scotland, when a <i><a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a></i> aircraft attacked her with several bombs. Only one hit the ship and it failed to explode. The aircraft then subjected the ship to cannon and machine gun fire, wounding an able seaman, L Williams, who later died.<sup id="cite_ref-White-Memorial_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White-Memorial-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ship was repaired and returned to service.<sup id="cite_ref-BS_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Melbourne Star</i> seems to have spent Christmas 1940 and New Year 1941 in <a href="/wiki/Suez" title="Suez">Suez</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Operation_Pedestal,_August_1942_A11251.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Operation_Pedestal%2C_August_1942_A11251.jpg/220px-Operation_Pedestal%2C_August_1942_A11251.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Operation_Pedestal%2C_August_1942_A11251.jpg/330px-Operation_Pedestal%2C_August_1942_A11251.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Operation_Pedestal%2C_August_1942_A11251.jpg/440px-Operation_Pedestal%2C_August_1942_A11251.jpg 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>One of the additional <a href="/wiki/Bofors_40_mm_L/60_gun" title="Bofors 40 mm L/60 gun">Bofors 40 mm guns</a> mounted aboard <i>Melbourne Star</i> in July and August 1942 for <a href="/wiki/Operation_Pedestal" title="Operation Pedestal">Operation Pedestal</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Operation_Substance">Operation Substance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MV_Melbourne_Star_(1936)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Operation Substance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 1941 <i>Melbourne Star</i> and another Blue Star Line <i>Imperial Star</i>-class ship, <a href="/w/index.php?title=MV_Sydney_Star_(1936)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MV Sydney Star (1936) (page does not exist)"><i>Sydney Star</i></a>, were among six merchant ships that took part in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Substance" title="Operation Substance">Operation Substance</a> to relieve the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Malta_(World_War_II)" title="Siege of Malta (World War II)">siege of Malta</a>. The two Blue Star vessels and other merchant ships for the operation sailed from the <a href="/wiki/Firth_of_Clyde" title="Firth of Clyde">Firth of Clyde</a> on 12 July as part of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Allied_convoy_codes_during_World_War_II#W" title="List of Allied convoy codes during World War II">Convoy WS</a> 9C, which reached <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> on 20 July.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There they transferred to <a href="/wiki/List_of_Allied_convoy_codes_during_World_War_II#G" title="List of Allied convoy codes during World War II">Convoy GM</a> 1 which left for Malta the same day.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Melbourne Star</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s <a href="/wiki/Sea_captain" title="Sea captain">Master</a>, Captain David MacFarlane, had already survived the sinking of <a href="/w/index.php?title=MV_Auckland_Star_(1939)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MV Auckland Star (1939) (page does not exist)"><i>Auckland Star</i></a> in 1940<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was appointed Commodore of the Operation Substance convoy.<sup id="cite_ref-White-MC_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White-MC-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the voyage <i>Melbourne Star</i> was attacked in the Mediterranean by an <a href="/wiki/E-boat" title="E-boat">E-boat</a> on 24 July but reached <a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a> safely. The operation's <a href="/wiki/Flag_officer#United_Kingdom" title="Flag officer">flag officer</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Somerville" title="James Somerville">Admiral Somerville</a>, commended the six merchant ships for their "steadfast and resolute behaviour during air and E-Boat attacks" and singled out Captain MacFarlane "who set a high standard and never failed to appreciate directly what he should do".<sup id="cite_ref-White-MC_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White-MC-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Captain MacFarlane was one of two <a href="/wiki/Merchant_Navy_(United_Kingdom)" title="Merchant Navy (United Kingdom)">Merchant Navy</a> officers from Operation Substance who in December 1941 were awarded the <a href="/wiki/OBE" class="mw-redirect" title="OBE">OBE</a> for their bravery. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i> reported that MacFarlane "set a high standard and it is largely due to his leadership that the operation was successful".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Operation Substance <i>Melbourne Star</i> returned independently to Gibraltar and then crossed the Atlantic to <a href="/wiki/Trinidad" title="Trinidad">Trinidad</a>, where she arrived on 17 November 1941. Twelve days later she left and sailed independently back to <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Liverpool" title="Port of Liverpool">Liverpool</a>, where she arrived on 29 November.<sup id="cite_ref-Hague_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hague-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She seems to have spent Christmas 1941 and New Year 1942 in Liverpool, where she loaded a cargo for <a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">South Africa</a> of armoured vehicles, motor transports, artillery, stores and two aircraft. She joined Convoy WS 15, which left on 10 January and reached <a href="/wiki/Freetown" title="Freetown">Freetown</a> on 25 January.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Melbourne Star</i> continued south, reaching <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Durban" title="Port of Durban">Durban</a> on 13 February. </p><p><i>Melbourne Star</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s movements for the next four months are not known. She may have sailed east across the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Oceans</a>, for she left <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> on 13 June 1942 and reached the Clyde a fortnight later.<sup id="cite_ref-Hague_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hague-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Operation_Pedestal,_August_1942_GM1487.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Operation_Pedestal%2C_August_1942_GM1487.jpg/220px-Operation_Pedestal%2C_August_1942_GM1487.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Operation_Pedestal%2C_August_1942_GM1487.jpg/330px-Operation_Pedestal%2C_August_1942_GM1487.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Operation_Pedestal%2C_August_1942_GM1487.jpg/440px-Operation_Pedestal%2C_August_1942_GM1487.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="1774" /></a><figcaption>Spectators including a <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> priest watch <i>Melbourne Star</i> arrive in <a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Grand_Harbour" title="Grand Harbour">Grand Harbour</a> on 13 August 1942 in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Pedestal" title="Operation Pedestal">Operation Pedestal</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Operation_Pedestal">Operation Pedestal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MV_Melbourne_Star_(1936)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Operation Pedestal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In August 1942 <i>Melbourne Star</i> again relieved the siege of Malta, sailing with her sister <i>Brisbane Star</i> in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Pedestal" title="Operation Pedestal">Operation Pedestal</a>. <i>Melbourne Star</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s cargo included 1,350 tons of kerosene, 1,450 tons of high-explosive shells and cartridges and drums containing several thousand tons of heavy oil. She also carried extra <a href="/wiki/Bofors_40_mm_L/60_gun" title="Bofors 40 mm L/60 gun">Bofors 40 mm guns</a> as deck cargo to augment Malta's air defence, but mounted so that they could also supplement the convoy's air defence en route to Malta.<sup id="cite_ref-White-MC_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White-MC-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two Blue Star vessels and other merchant ships for the operation sailed from the Firth of Clyde on 2 August as part of Convoy WS 21S, which reached <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> on 10 August.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There they transferred to <a href="/wiki/List_of_Allied_convoy_codes_during_World_War_II#M" title="List of Allied convoy codes during World War II">Convoy MW</a> 12 which left for Malta the same day.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At 0810 hrs 13 August twelve <a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_88" title="Junkers Ju 88">Junkers Ju 88</a> bombers attacked the refrigerated cargo ship <a href="/wiki/MV_Waimarama" title="MV Waimarama"><i>Waimarama</i></a>, which was immediately ahead of <i>Melbourne Star</i>. <i>Waimarama</i> was carrying <a href="/wiki/Aviation_fuel" title="Aviation fuel">aviation fuel</a> and immediately burst into flames, showering <i>Melbourne Star</i> with débris including a piece of steel plate 5 feet (1.5 m) long. The base of a ventilator <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> feet (0.8 m) high hit and damaged one of <i>Melbourne Star</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s machine gun posts. The bottoms of <i>Melbourne Star</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s lifeboats were burnt to <a href="/wiki/Charcoal" title="Charcoal">charcoal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaffrail197394_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaffrail197394-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The damage, fire and smoke were so close that many of <i>Melbourne Star</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s crew assumed she had been hit and 36 of them leapt into the sea,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaffrail197394–95_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaffrail197394–95-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although fuel on the surface of the sea was also on fire.<sup id="cite_ref-White-MC_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White-MC-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Hunt-class_destroyer" title="Hunt-class destroyer">Hunt-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">destroyer</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Ledbury_(L90)" title="HMS Ledbury (L90)">HMS <i>Ledbury</i></a> entered the fire and smoke, rescuing 22 men from <i>Melbourne Star</i> and a few survivors from <i>Waimarama</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaffrail197395_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaffrail197395-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nine of <i>Melbourne Star</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s crew and five of her <a href="/wiki/Defensively_equipped_merchant_ship" title="Defensively equipped merchant ship">DEMS</a> gunners were not found.<sup id="cite_ref-White-MC_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White-MC-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Melbourne Star</i> reached <a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Grand_Harbour" title="Grand Harbour">Grand Harbour</a> later the same day. Twelve hours after entering port a 6-inch (150 mm) shell from <i>Waimarama</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s cargo was found embedded in the deck above the captain's day cabin. It had been blown in the air when <i>Waimarama</i> exploded, smashed through the wooden surface of <i>Melbourne Star</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s deck, embedded itself in the steel plate beneath but failed to explode.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaffrail197395_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaffrail197395-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Operation_Pedestal,_August_1942_GM1467.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Operation_Pedestal%2C_August_1942_GM1467.jpg/220px-Operation_Pedestal%2C_August_1942_GM1467.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Operation_Pedestal%2C_August_1942_GM1467.jpg/330px-Operation_Pedestal%2C_August_1942_GM1467.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Operation_Pedestal%2C_August_1942_GM1467.jpg/440px-Operation_Pedestal%2C_August_1942_GM1467.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="1786" /></a><figcaption>A seaman wounded in Operation Pedestal is stretchered ashore from <i>Melbourne Star</i> in <a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a>, 13 August 1942.</figcaption></figure> <p>Captain MacFarlane was one of three Merchant Navy captains from Operation Pedestal who shortly afterwards were awarded the <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Order" title="Distinguished Service Order">DSO</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "for fortitude, seamanship and endurance... in the face of relentless attacks... from enemy submarines, aircraft and surface forces".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For their part in the Malta convoys <a href="/wiki/Chief_mate" title="Chief mate">chief officer</a> Leslie Parsons and <a href="/wiki/Chief_engineer" title="Chief engineer">chief engineer</a> Harry Blandford were awarded the <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Cross_(United_Kingdom)" title="Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom)">DSC</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Boatswain" title="Boatswain">boatswain</a> J Cook, <a href="/wiki/Chief_steward" title="Chief steward">chief steward</a> Herbert O'Connor, lamp-trimmer Frederich McWilliam and able seamen James Fleming and Alexander Greenwood were awarded the <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Medal_(United_Kingdom)" title="Distinguished Service Medal (United Kingdom)">DSM</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaffrail197396_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaffrail197396-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Petty_officer#United_Kingdom" title="Petty officer">petty officer</a> H Ince was awarded the <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Commendation_for_Brave_Conduct" class="mw-redirect" title="King's Commendation for Brave Conduct">King's Commendation for Brave Conduct</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-White-Memorial_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White-Memorial-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Second_mate" title="Second mate">second officer</a> W.E. Richards, <a href="/wiki/Third_mate" title="Third mate">third officer</a> G.D. Knight and chief refrigerating engineer C.W. Almond were <a href="/wiki/Mentioned_in_dispatches" title="Mentioned in dispatches">mentioned in dispatches</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaffrail197396_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaffrail197396-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 7 December 1942 <i>Melbourne Star</i> left Malta with <a href="/wiki/List_of_Allied_convoy_codes_during_World_War_II#M" title="List of Allied convoy codes during World War II">Convoy ME</a> 11, which reached Suez four days later.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She seems to have passed through the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a> and the Indian Ocean, for on 2 February 1943 she left <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Montevideo" title="Port of Montevideo">Montevideo</a> in neutral <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> for Liverpool, where she arrived on 22 February.<sup id="cite_ref-Hague_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hague-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1943 Blue Star transferred her ownership from Union Cold Storage to <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Leyland" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Leyland">Frederick Leyland</a> and Co.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Loss">Loss</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MV_Melbourne_Star_(1936)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Loss"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 24 March 1943 <i>Melbourne Star</i> left Liverpool for <a href="/wiki/Port_Jackson" title="Port Jackson">Sydney</a> <i>via</i> the <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a>. She carried <a href="/wiki/Torpedo" title="Torpedo">torpedoes</a>, ammunition, other <a href="/wiki/Materiel" title="Materiel">materiel</a>, 76 crew, 11 DEMS gunners and 31 passengers. <i>Melbourne Star</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s Master was now James Hall, who had commanded the liner <a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Andalucia_Star&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS Andalucia Star (page does not exist)"><i>Andalucia Star</i></a> until she was sunk in October 1942. Several of his officers and men were veterans of <i>Melbourne Star</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s participation in Operation Pedestal.<sup id="cite_ref-BS_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Six other crewmen were survivors of another <i>Imperial Star</i>-class ship, <a href="/wiki/MV_Dunedin_Star" title="MV Dunedin Star"><i>Dunedin Star</i></a>, which had been sunk in November 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-White-Memorial_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White-Memorial-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:242px"><div style="position:relative;width:240px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Atlantic_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="MV Melbourne Star (1936) is located in North Atlantic"><img alt="MV Melbourne Star (1936) is located in North Atlantic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/North_Atlantic_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/240px-North_Atlantic_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/North_Atlantic_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/360px-North_Atlantic_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/North_Atlantic_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/480px-North_Atlantic_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="958" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:57.138%;left:32.448%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="MV Melbourne Star (1936)"><img alt="MV Melbourne Star (1936)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Atlantic_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" title="File:North Atlantic Ocean laea relief location map.jpg">class=notpageimage| </a></div>Approximate position of <i>Melbourne Star</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s wreck in the North Atlantic</div></div></div> <p>Half of <i>Melbourne Star</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s passengers and several of her crew were from Australia or New Zealand, including five junior <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Navy" title="Royal Australian Navy">Royal Australian Navy</a> officers, a <a href="/wiki/RAAF" class="mw-redirect" title="RAAF">RAAF</a> <a href="/wiki/Wing_commander_(rank)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wing commander (rank)">wing commander</a> and a young <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> priest. Two of <i>Melbourne Star</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s crew and two of her passengers were from the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a>. One passenger was a young woman from <a href="/wiki/Dundee" title="Dundee">Dundee</a>, Scotland, travelling with her two sons aged eight and four.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Melbourne Star</i> started her Atlantic crossing from Liverpool with <a href="/wiki/List_of_Allied_convoy_codes_during_World_War_II#O" title="List of Allied convoy codes during World War II">Convoy ON</a> 175, which was bound for <a href="/wiki/Port_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port of New York and New Jersey">New York</a>. <i>En route</i> she detached from the convoy to head for Panama.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 0300 hrs on 2 April <i>Melbourne Star</i> was in mid-Atlantic in heavy weather about 480 miles south-east of <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a> when the German <a href="/wiki/Type_IX_submarine#Type_IXC" title="Type IX submarine">Type IXC submarine</a> <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-129_(1941)" title="German submarine U-129 (1941)"><i>U-129</i></a> hit her with two<sup id="cite_ref-BS_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LG_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LG-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or three<sup id="cite_ref-U2841_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-U2841-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> torpedoes, one of which detonated in her boiler room.<sup id="cite_ref-BS_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Part of her cargo detonated, destroying three-quarters of the ship instantly and sinking her within two minutes. There was no chance to transmit a <a href="/wiki/Distress_signal#Maritime_distress_signals" title="Distress signal">distress signal</a>, and if any of her four <a href="/wiki/Lifeboat_(shipboard)" title="Lifeboat (shipboard)">lifeboats</a> survived the explosion there was no chance of anyone launching them. </p><p>But the ship also carried <a href="/wiki/Carley_float" title="Carley float">Carley floats</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-U2841_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-U2841-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which were either thrown into the sea by the explosion or floated clear as the remains of the ship sank. Eleven people from the ship managed to find and board three of the floats: seven people in one, three crewmen in another and an engine room greaser, William Best, alone in a third.<sup id="cite_ref-White-Survivors_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White-Survivors-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At daybreak <i>U-129</i> approached the floats. The Germans asked the survivors for the name of their ship and what its destination and cargo were. From one of the floats able seaman Leonard White replied, giving the ship's true name but claiming she was bound for <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> with "general supplies".<sup id="cite_ref-White-Rescue_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White-Rescue-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>U-129</i> then left them to fend for themselves. </p><p>A/B White shared a float with ordinary seaman Ronald Nunn and engine room greaser William Burns. At daybreak they sighted William Best alone in his float and the two paddled toward each other. White, Nunn and Burns transferred to Best's float.<sup id="cite_ref-White-Survivors_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White-Survivors-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They sighted the float with seven occupants but could not reach it. It was never seen again.<sup id="cite_ref-BS_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-U2841_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-U2841-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A/B White took charge of the party of four survivors and "was responsible for the intelligent planning of the rations and the morale of his shipmates which was excellent at all times".<sup id="cite_ref-White-Rescue_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White-Rescue-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Their float was stocked with biscuits, chocolate, <a href="/wiki/Horlicks" title="Horlicks">Horlicks</a> tablets, <a href="/wiki/Bovril" title="Bovril">Bovril</a> <a href="/wiki/Pemmican" title="Pemmican">pemmican</a>, 22 imperial gallons (100 litres) of water and 2 imperial gallons (9 litres) of massage oil for use against <a href="/wiki/Hypothermia" title="Hypothermia">exposure</a>. There was also a sail, which they rigged as a makeshift shelter. After three days of rough weather the sea calmed and the raft drifted. The men's health deteriorated, but the ration cans had keys to open them, and from one of these White improvised a fishing hook. He untwisted the fibres of a rope and made them into a fishing line. With this they caught about 50 fish, which they ate raw. This gave the survivors both protein and nutritious <a href="/wiki/Fish_oil" title="Fish oil">fish oil</a>, which improved their health and did much to keep them alive.<sup id="cite_ref-BS_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-White-Survivors_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White-Survivors-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-White-Rescue_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White-Rescue-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Consolidated_PBY-5A_VP-63_Gibralter_1944_80-G-700504_(16160703150).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Consolidated_PBY-5A_VP-63_Gibralter_1944_80-G-700504_%2816160703150%29.jpg/220px-Consolidated_PBY-5A_VP-63_Gibralter_1944_80-G-700504_%2816160703150%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Consolidated_PBY-5A_VP-63_Gibralter_1944_80-G-700504_%2816160703150%29.jpg/330px-Consolidated_PBY-5A_VP-63_Gibralter_1944_80-G-700504_%2816160703150%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Consolidated_PBY-5A_VP-63_Gibralter_1944_80-G-700504_%2816160703150%29.jpg/440px-Consolidated_PBY-5A_VP-63_Gibralter_1944_80-G-700504_%2816160703150%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="789" /></a><figcaption>US <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PBY_Catalina" title="Consolidated PBY Catalina">Consolidated PBY Catalina</a> <a href="/wiki/Flying_boat" title="Flying boat">flying boat</a></figcaption></figure> <p>On 9 May a <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PBY_Catalina" title="Consolidated PBY Catalina">Consolidated PBY Catalina</a> <a href="/wiki/Flying_boat" title="Flying boat">flying boat</a> of <a href="/wiki/US_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="US Navy">US Navy</a> Patrol Squadron 63 (VP-63) was on anti-submarine patrol when its crew sighted the raft about 250 miles off Bermuda.<sup id="cite_ref-U2841_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-U2841-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plane circled overhead, touched down on the sea nearby and launched an <a href="/wiki/Inflatable_boat" title="Inflatable boat">inflatable boat</a>, in which aircraft navigator Lieutenant Knox came over to the Carley float.<sup id="cite_ref-White-Survivors_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White-Survivors-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The four survivors greeted Knox by offering him a fresh fish they had just caught.<sup id="cite_ref-White-Rescue_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White-Rescue-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Catalina flew the four to Bermuda where they were admitted to a US Navy mobile hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All had developed saltwater sores but considering they had been adrift for 38 days they were in relatively good health.<sup id="cite_ref-BS_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A/B White had lost only 15 pounds (7 kg) in weight in 38 days adrift, and on 28 May was passed medically fit to return to duty.<sup id="cite_ref-White-Rescue_26-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White-Rescue-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Catalina's crew, lieutenants Kaufmann, Rex Knorr and Elliott, received US Navy commendations for the rescue.<sup id="cite_ref-White-Rescue_26-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White-Rescue-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 1944 Best, Burns, Nunn and White were all awarded the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire_Medal" title="British Empire Medal">BEM</a> for displaying "outstanding qualities of courage, fortitude and endurance which enabled them to survive".<sup id="cite_ref-LG_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LG-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The award came too late for Ronald Nunn, who had been killed on 10 June 1944 when the coaster <a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Dungrange&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS Dungrange (page does not exist)"><i>Dungrange</i></a>, carrying ammunition and fuel oil for the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Normandy" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Normandy">invasion of Normandy</a>, was sunk in the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a> off the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BS_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1 April 1943, the day before <i>U-129</i> attacked <i>Melbourne Star</i>, an eastbound ship purporting to be the Portuguese four-masted 7,896 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a> cargo steamer <a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Amarante_(1914)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS Amarante (1914) (page does not exist)"><i>Amarante</i></a> had passed the cargo ship in mid-Atlantic. The <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_(United_Kingdom)" title="Admiralty (United Kingdom)">Admiralty</a> enquiry into the loss of <i>Melbourne Star</i> established that no Portuguese ship answering that description had been anywhere near that part of the Atlantic that day. It was therefore suspected that this was a <i><a href="/wiki/Kriegsmarine" title="Kriegsmarine">Kriegsmarine</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Merchant_raider" title="Merchant raider">merchant raider</a> disguised as a neutral Portuguese ship, and that she had passed <i>Melbourne Star</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s position and course to the <i><a href="/wiki/BdU" class="mw-redirect" title="BdU">BdU</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Successor_ships">Successor ships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MV_Melbourne_Star_(1936)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Successor ships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the War, Blue Star Line ordered three more <i>Imperial Star</i>-class ships from <a href="/wiki/Harland_and_Wolff" class="mw-redirect" title="Harland and Wolff">Harland and Wolff</a> in <a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a> to replace some of its war losses. They included a second <a href="/w/index.php?title=MV_Melbourne_Star_(1947)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MV Melbourne Star (1947) (page does not exist)"><i>Melbourne Star</i></a>, which was launched on 10 August 1947 and completed in July 1948. Blue Star sold her in 1972 to <i>Embajada Compania Naviera SS</i>, who registered her in Greece and renamed her <i>Melbo</i>. Later that year she was sold to the Tung Cheng Steel and Iron Works of <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, who scrapped her at <a href="/wiki/Kaohsiung" title="Kaohsiung">Kaohsiung</a> in 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1971–72 <a href="/wiki/Bremer_Vulkan" title="Bremer Vulkan">Bremer Vulkan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bremen-Vegesack" title="Bremen-Vegesack">Bremen-Vegesack</a> built four <a href="/wiki/Container_ship" title="Container ship">container ships</a> for ACT, a consortium of Blue Star, <a href="/wiki/Port_Line" title="Port Line">Port Line</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ellerman_Lines" title="Ellerman Lines">Ellerman Lines</a>. One was <a href="/w/index.php?title=MV_ACT4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MV ACT4 (page does not exist)"><i>ACT4</i></a>, which in 1992 was transferred to Blue Star's sole ownership and renamed <i>Melbourne Star</i>. In 1998 Blue Star became part of <a href="/wiki/P%26O_Nedlloyd" title="P&O Nedlloyd">P&O Nedlloyd</a>, who kept <i>Melbourne Star</i> under the same name and livery. In 2003 she was sold to shipbreakers in <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> to be scrapped.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Postage_stamp">Postage stamp</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MV_Melbourne_Star_(1936)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Postage stamp"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 10 August 2012, the 70th anniversary of Convoy MW 12's departure from Gibraltar, <a href="/wiki/MaltaPost" title="MaltaPost">MaltaPost</a> issued a 26-cent <a href="/wiki/Commemorative_stamp" title="Commemorative stamp">commemorative stamp</a> bearing a picture of <i>Melbourne Star</i> entering the Grand Harbour.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is one of a set of 26-cent stamps issued that day, which between them commemorate every ship that took part in the convoy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MV_Melbourne_Star_(1936)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-LR41-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LR41_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LR41_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plimsoll.southampton.gov.uk/shipdata/pdfs/41/41b0572.pdf"><i>Lloyd's Register, Steamships and Motor Ships</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. London: <a href="/wiki/Lloyd%27s_Register" title="Lloyd's Register">Lloyd's Register</a>. 1941<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lloyd%27s+Register%2C+Steamships+and+Motor+Ships&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Lloyd%27s+Register&rft.date=1941&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplimsoll.southampton.gov.uk%2Fshipdata%2Fpdfs%2F41%2F41b0572.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMV+Melbourne+Star+%281936%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BS-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BS_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BS_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BS_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BS_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BS_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BS_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BS_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BS_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BS_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bluestarline.org/melbourne1.html">"Blue Star's M.V. "Melbourne Star" 1"</a>. Blue Star on the Web. 8 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blue+Star%27s+M.V.+%22Melbourne+Star%22+1&rft.pub=Blue+Star+on+the+Web&rft.date=2013-09-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bluestarline.org%2Fmelbourne1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMV+Melbourne+Star+%281936%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-White-Memorial-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-White-Memorial_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-White-Memorial_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-White-Memorial_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.melbournestar.co.uk/Memorial.html">"The Melbourne Star Memorial"</a>. <i>MV Melbourne Star</i>. John White<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MV+Melbourne+Star&rft.atitle=The+Melbourne+Star+Memorial&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.melbournestar.co.uk%2FMemorial.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMV+Melbourne+Star+%281936%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHague" class="citation web cs1">Hague, Arnold. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/misc/index.html?yy.php?convoy=WS.9C!~miscmain">"Convoy WS.9C"</a>. <i>Shorter Convoy Series</i>. Don Kindell, ConvoyWeb<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shorter+Convoy+Series&rft.atitle=Convoy+WS.9C&rft.aulast=Hague&rft.aufirst=Arnold&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.convoyweb.org.uk%2Fmisc%2Findex.html%3Fyy.php%3Fconvoy%3DWS.9C%21~miscmain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMV+Melbourne+Star+%281936%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHague" class="citation web cs1">Hague, Arnold. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/misc/index.html?yy.php?convoy=GM.1!~miscmainn">"Convoy GM.1"</a>. <i>Shorter Convoy Series</i>. Don Kindell, ConvoyWeb<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shorter+Convoy+Series&rft.atitle=Convoy+GM.1&rft.aulast=Hague&rft.aufirst=Arnold&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.convoyweb.org.uk%2Fmisc%2Findex.html%3Fyy.php%3Fconvoy%3DGM.1%21~miscmainn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMV+Melbourne+Star+%281936%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bluestarline.org/auckland1.html">"Blue Star's M.V. "Auckland Star" 1"</a>. Blue Star on the Web. 29 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blue+Star%27s+M.V.+%22Auckland+Star%22+1&rft.pub=Blue+Star+on+the+Web&rft.date=2011-11-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bluestarline.org%2Fauckland1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMV+Melbourne+Star+%281936%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-White-MC-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-White-MC_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-White-MC_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-White-MC_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-White-MC_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-White-MC_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.melbournestar.co.uk/Operation_Pedestal.html">"The Malta Convoys"</a>. <i>MV Melbourne Star</i>. John White<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MV+Melbourne+Star&rft.atitle=The+Malta+Convoys&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.melbournestar.co.uk%2FOperation_Pedestal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMV+Melbourne+Star+%281936%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/35380/supplement/7089">"Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/London_Gazette" class="mw-redirect" title="London Gazette">London Gazette</a></i>. 12 December 1941. p. 7089<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=London+Gazette&rft.atitle=Central+Chancery+of+the+Orders+of+Knighthood&rft.pages=7089&rft.date=1941-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F35380%2Fsupplement%2F7089&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMV+Melbourne+Star+%281936%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hague-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hague_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hague_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hague_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHague" class="citation web cs1">Hague, Arnold. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/ports/index.html?search.php?vessel=MELBOURNE%20STAR~armain">"Melbourne Star"</a>. <i>Ship Movements</i>. Don Kindell, ConvoyWeb<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ship+Movements&rft.atitle=Melbourne+Star&rft.aulast=Hague&rft.aufirst=Arnold&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.convoyweb.org.uk%2Fports%2Findex.html%3Fsearch.php%3Fvessel%3DMELBOURNE%2520STAR~armain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMV+Melbourne+Star+%281936%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHague" class="citation web cs1">Hague, Arnold. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/misc/index.html?yy.php?convoy=WS.15!~miscmain">"Convoy WS.15"</a>. <i>Shorter Convoy Series</i>. Don Kindell, ConvoyWeb<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shorter+Convoy+Series&rft.atitle=Convoy+WS.15&rft.aulast=Hague&rft.aufirst=Arnold&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.convoyweb.org.uk%2Fmisc%2Findex.html%3Fyy.php%3Fconvoy%3DWS.15%21~miscmain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMV+Melbourne+Star+%281936%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHague" class="citation web cs1">Hague, Arnold. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/misc/index.html?yy.php?convoy=WS.21S!~miscmain">"Convoy WS.21S"</a>. <i>Shorter Convoy Series</i>. Don Kindell, ConvoyWeb<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shorter+Convoy+Series&rft.atitle=Convoy+WS.21S&rft.aulast=Hague&rft.aufirst=Arnold&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.convoyweb.org.uk%2Fmisc%2Findex.html%3Fyy.php%3Fconvoy%3DWS.21S%21~miscmain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMV+Melbourne+Star+%281936%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHague" class="citation web cs1">Hague, Arnold. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/misc/index.html?yy.php?convoy=MW.12!~miscmain">"Convoy MW.12"</a>. <i>Shorter Convoy Series</i>. Don Kindell, ConvoyWeb<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shorter+Convoy+Series&rft.atitle=Convoy+MW.12&rft.aulast=Hague&rft.aufirst=Arnold&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.convoyweb.org.uk%2Fmisc%2Findex.html%3Fyy.php%3Fconvoy%3DMW.12%21~miscmain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMV+Melbourne+Star+%281936%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaffrail197394-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaffrail197394_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaffrail1973">Taffrail 1973</a>, p. 94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaffrail197394–95-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaffrail197394–95_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaffrail1973">Taffrail 1973</a>, pp. 94–95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaffrail197395-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaffrail197395_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaffrail197395_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaffrail1973">Taffrail 1973</a>, p. 95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/35695/supplement/3917">"Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/London_Gazette" class="mw-redirect" title="London Gazette">London Gazette</a></i>. 4 September 1942. p. 3917<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=London+Gazette&rft.atitle=Central+Chancery+of+the+Orders+of+Knighthood&rft.pages=3917&rft.date=1942-09-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F35695%2Fsupplement%2F3917&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMV+Melbourne+Star+%281936%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/35695/supplement/3916">"Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/London_Gazette" class="mw-redirect" title="London Gazette">London Gazette</a></i>. 4 September 1942. p. 3916<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=London+Gazette&rft.atitle=Central+Chancery+of+the+Orders+of+Knighthood&rft.pages=3916&rft.date=1942-09-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F35695%2Fsupplement%2F3916&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMV+Melbourne+Star+%281936%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaffrail197396-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaffrail197396_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaffrail197396_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaffrail1973">Taffrail 1973</a>, p. 96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHague" class="citation web cs1">Hague, Arnold. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/misc/index.html?yy.php?convoy=ME.11!~miscmain">"Convoy ME.11"</a>. <i>Shorter Convoy Series</i>. Don Kindell, ConvoyWeb<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shorter+Convoy+Series&rft.atitle=Convoy+ME.11&rft.aulast=Hague&rft.aufirst=Arnold&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.convoyweb.org.uk%2Fmisc%2Findex.html%3Fyy.php%3Fconvoy%3DME.11%21~miscmain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMV+Melbourne+Star+%281936%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plimsoll.southampton.gov.uk/shipdata/pdfs/42/42b0583.pdf"><i>Lloyd's Register, Steamships and Motor Ships</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. London: <a href="/wiki/Lloyd%27s_Register" title="Lloyd's Register">Lloyd's Register</a>. 1942<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lloyd%27s+Register%2C+Steamships+and+Motor+Ships&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Lloyd%27s+Register&rft.date=1942&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplimsoll.southampton.gov.uk%2Fshipdata%2Fpdfs%2F42%2F42b0583.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMV+Melbourne+Star+%281936%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHelgason" class="citation web cs1">Helgason, Guðmundur. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uboat.net/allies/merchants/crews/ship2841.html">"Melbourne Star - Crew lists from ships hit by U-boats"</a>. <i>German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=German+U-boats+of+WWII+-+uboat.net&rft.atitle=Melbourne+Star+-+Crew+lists+from+ships+hit+by+U-boats&rft.aulast=Helgason&rft.aufirst=Gu%C3%B0mundur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uboat.net%2Fallies%2Fmerchants%2Fcrews%2Fship2841.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMV+Melbourne+Star+%281936%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHague" class="citation web cs1">Hague, Arnold. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/on/index.html?onz.php?convoy=175!~onzmain">"Convoy ON.175"</a>. <i>ON Convoy Series</i>. Don Kindell, ConvoyWeb<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ON+Convoy+Series&rft.atitle=Convoy+ON.175&rft.aulast=Hague&rft.aufirst=Arnold&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.convoyweb.org.uk%2Fon%2Findex.html%3Fonz.php%3Fconvoy%3D175%21~onzmain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMV+Melbourne+Star+%281936%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LG-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LG_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LG_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/36655/supplement/3769">"Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/London_Gazette" class="mw-redirect" title="London Gazette">London Gazette</a></i>. 11 August 1944. p. 3769<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=German+U-boats+of+WWII+-+uboat.net&rft.atitle=Melbourne+Star&rft.date=1995%2F2014&rft.aulast=Helgason&rft.aufirst=Gu%C3%B0mundur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uboat.net%2Fallies%2Fmerchants%2Fships%2F2841.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMV+Melbourne+Star+%281936%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-White-Survivors-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-White-Survivors_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-White-Survivors_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-White-Survivors_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-White-Survivors_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.melbournestar.co.uk/Survivors.html">"The story of their days on the raft as told by survivor"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Echo" title="Liverpool Echo">Liverpool Echo</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MV+Melbourne+Star&rft.atitle=The+Survivors&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.melbournestar.co.uk%2FSurvivors.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMV+Melbourne+Star+%281936%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.melbournestar.co.uk/Attack.html">"MV Melbourne Star Her Final Voyage"</a>. <i>MV Melbourne Star</i>. John White<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blue+Star%27s+M.V.+%22Melbourne+Star%22+2&rft.pub=Blue+Star+on+the+Web&rft.date=2013-12-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bluestarline.org%2Fmelbourne2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMV+Melbourne+Star+%281936%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bluestarline.org/melbourne3.html">"Blue Star's M.V. "Melbourne Star" 3"</a>. Blue Star on the Web. 26 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blue+Star%27s+M.V.+%22Melbourne+Star%22+3&rft.pub=Blue+Star+on+the+Web&rft.date=2012-08-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bluestarline.org%2Fmelbourne3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMV+Melbourne+Star+%281936%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maltaphilately.com/en/products/product/s12080043?returnurl=%2fen%2fproducts%2fliststampcatalogue%2fpage%2f3%3fth%3dships%26iy%3d2012">"M.V. Melbourne Star stamp Pedestal 2012"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MaltaPost" title="MaltaPost">MaltaPost</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=M.V.+Melbourne+Star+stamp+Pedestal+2012&rft.pub=MaltaPost&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.maltaphilately.com%2Fen%2Fproducts%2Fproduct%2Fs12080043%3Freturnurl%3D%252fen%252fproducts%252fliststampcatalogue%252fpage%252f3%253fth%253dships%2526iy%253d2012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMV+Melbourne+Star+%281936%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MV_Melbourne_Star_(1936)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTaffrail1973" class="citation book cs1">Dorling (pseud. <i>Taffrail</i>), Henry Taprell (1973). <i>Blue Star Line at War, 1939–45</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/W._Foulsham_%26_Company_Limited" title="W. Foulsham & Company Limited">W. Foulsham & Co</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-572-00849-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-572-00849-X"><bdi>0-572-00849-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blue+Star+Line+at+War%2C+1939%E2%80%9345&rft.place=London&rft.pub=W.+Foulsham+%26+Co&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0-572-00849-X&rft.aulast=Dorling+%28pseud.+%27%27Taffrail%27%27%29&rft.aufirst=Henry+Taprell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMV+Melbourne+Star+%281936%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Link">Link</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MV_Melbourne_Star_(1936)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Link"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:October_1940_shipwrecks" title="Template:October 1940 shipwrecks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:October_1940_shipwrecks" title="Template talk:October 1940 shipwrecks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:October_1940_shipwrecks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:October 1940 shipwrecks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shipwrecks_and_maritime_incidents_in_October_1940635" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in October 1940</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_October_1940" title="List of shipwrecks in October 1940">Shipwrecks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">2 Oct: <a href="/wiki/Italian_submarine_Berillo" title="Italian submarine Berillo"><i>Berillo</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">3 Oct: HMS <a href="/wiki/SS_Lady_of_the_Isles_(1875)" title="SS Lady of the Isles (1875)"><i>Lady of the Isles</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">4 Oct: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Rainbow_(N16)" title="HMS Rainbow (N16)">HMS <i>Rainbow</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">11 Oct: <a href="/wiki/HMT_Warwick_Deeping" title="HMT Warwick Deeping">HMT <i>Warwick Deeping</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">13 Oct: <a href="/wiki/Italian_submarine_Foca_(1937)" title="Italian submarine Foca (1937)"><i>Foca</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">15 Oct: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Triad_(N53)" title="HMS Triad (N53)">HMS <i>Triad</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Thistlegarth" title="SS Thistlegarth"><i>Thistlegarth</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">17 Oct: <a href="/wiki/SS_Aenos_(1910)" title="SS Aenos (1910)"><i>Aenos</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Dundalk_(J60)" title="HMS Dundalk (J60)">HMS <i>Dundalk</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/MV_Languedoc" title="MV Languedoc"><i>Languedoc</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Scoresby" title="SS Scoresby"><i>Scoresby</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">18 Oct: <a href="/wiki/SS_Beatus" title="SS Beatus"><i>Beatus</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Creekirk" title="SS Creekirk"><i>Creekirk</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_submarine_Durbo" title="Italian submarine Durbo"><i>Durbo</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Empire_Miniver" title="SS Empire Miniver"><i>Empire Miniver</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Fiscus" title="SS Fiscus"><i>Fiscus</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_H49" title="HMS H49">HMS <i>H49</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">19 Oct: <a href="/wiki/SS_Assyrian_(1914)" title="SS Assyrian (1914)"><i>Assyrian</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMCS_Bras_d%27Or_(1919)" title="HMCS Bras d'Or (1919)">HMCS <i>Bras d'Or</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Empire_Brigade" title="SS Empire Brigade"><i>Empire Brigade</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Snefjeld" title="SS Snefjeld"><i>Snefjeld</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Soesterberg" title="SS Soesterberg"><i>Soesterberg</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Venetia" title="HMS Venetia">HMS <i>Venetia</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">20 Oct: <a href="/wiki/Italian_submarine_Lafol%C3%A8" title="Italian submarine Lafolè"><i>Lafolè</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">22 Oct: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Diana_(H49)" title="HMS Diana (H49)">HMCS <i>Margaree</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">24 Oct: <i><a href="/wiki/German_weather_ship_WBS_5_Adolf_Vinnen" title="German weather ship WBS 5 Adolf Vinnen">Adolf Vinnen</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">25 Oct: <a href="/wiki/SS_Blairspey" title="SS Blairspey"><i>Blairspey</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">28 Oct: <a href="/wiki/RMS_Empress_of_Britain_(1930)" title="RMS Empress of Britain (1930)"><i>Empress of Britain</i></a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Malygin_(1912_icebreaker)" title="Malygin (1912 icebreaker)">Malygin</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">30 Oct: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Sturdy_(1919)" title="HMS Sturdy (1919)">HMS <i>Sturdy</i></a>, <i><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-32_(1937)" title="German submarine U-32 (1937)">U-32</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">5 Oct: <a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Melbourne Star</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">14 Oct: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Cheshire" title="HMS Cheshire">HMS <i>Cheshire</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">16 Oct: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Ashanti_(F51)" title="HMS Ashanti (F51)">HMS <i>Ashanti</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Fame_(H78)" title="HMS Fame (H78)">HMS <i>Fame</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">17 Oct: <a href="/wiki/SS_Gasfire" title="SS Gasfire"><i>Gasfire</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">18 Oct: <a href="/wiki/SS_Blairspey" title="SS Blairspey"><i>Blairspey</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Carsbreck" title="SS Carsbreck"><i>Carsbreck</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">19 Oct: <a href="/wiki/SS_Blairspey" title="SS Blairspey"><i>Blairspey</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">22 Oct: <a href="/wiki/MV_Port_Fairy" title="MV Port Fairy"><i>Port Fairy</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">24 Oct: <a href="/wiki/USFS_Eider" title="USFS Eider"><i>Eider</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">27 Oct: <a href="/wiki/SS_Conister" title="SS Conister"><i>Conister</i></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1939" title="List of shipwrecks in 1939">1939</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1939" title="List of shipwrecks in 1939"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1940" title="List of shipwrecks in 1940">1940</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1941" title="List of shipwrecks in 1941"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1941" title="List of shipwrecks in 1941">1941</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_September_1940" title="List of shipwrecks in September 1940">September 1940</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_September_1940" title="List of shipwrecks in September 1940"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_November_1940" title="List of shipwrecks in November 1940"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_November_1940" title="List of shipwrecks in November 1940">November 1940</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Shipwrecks_and_maritime_incidents_in_April_1943604" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:April_1943_shipwrecks" title="Template:April 1943 shipwrecks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:April_1943_shipwrecks" title="Template talk:April 1943 shipwrecks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:April_1943_shipwrecks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:April 1943 shipwrecks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shipwrecks_and_maritime_incidents_in_April_1943604" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in April 1943</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_April_1943" title="List of shipwrecks in April 1943">Shipwrecks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1 Apr: <i><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_destroyer_Ljubljana" title="Yugoslav destroyer Ljubljana">Lubiana</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2 Apr: <a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Melbourne Star</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-124_(1940)" title="German submarine U-124 (1940)"><i>U-124</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">5 Apr: <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-167_(1942)" title="German submarine U-167 (1942)"><i>U-167</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-635" title="German submarine U-635"><i>U-635</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">6 Apr: <a href="/wiki/SS_Blitar" title="SS Blitar"><i>Blitar</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-632" title="German submarine U-632"><i>U-632</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">7 Apr: <a href="/wiki/USS_Aaron_Ward_(DD-483)" title="USS Aaron Ward (DD-483)">USS <i>Aaron Ward</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMNZS_Moa_(T233)" title="HMNZS Moa (T233)">HMNZS <i>Moa</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_Ro-34" title="Japanese submarine Ro-34"><i>Ro-34</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-644" title="German submarine U-644"><i>U-644</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">8 Apr: <a href="/wiki/USS_Kanawha_(AO-1)" title="USS Kanawha (AO-1)">USS <i>Kanawha</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-733" title="German submarine U-733"><i>U-733</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">9 Apr: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_destroyer_Isonami_(1927)" title="Japanese destroyer Isonami (1927)"><i>Isonami</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">10 Apr: <a href="/wiki/Italian_cruiser_Trieste" title="Italian cruiser Trieste"><i>Trieste</i></a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">11 Apr: <a href="/wiki/USS_Branch_(DD-197)" title="USS Branch (DD-197)">HMS <i>Beverley</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">14 Apr: <a href="/wiki/SS_Van_Heemskerk" title="SS Van Heemskerk"><i>Van Heemskerk</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-526" title="German submarine U-526"><i>U-526</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">15 Apr: <a href="/wiki/Italian_submarine_Archimede_(1939)" title="Italian submarine Archimede (1939)"><i>Archimede</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">16 Apr: <a href="/wiki/Italian_destroyer_Giacomo_Medici" title="Italian destroyer Giacomo Medici"><i>Giacomo Medici</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Pakenham_(G06)" title="HMS Pakenham (G06)">HMS <i>Pakenham</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">17 Apr: <a href="/wiki/French_submarine_Na%C3%AFade_(Q124)" title="French submarine Naïade (Q124)"><i>Naïade</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-175" title="German submarine U-175"><i>U-175</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">18 Apr: <a href="/wiki/SS_Empire_Bruce" title="SS Empire Bruce"><i>Empire Bruce</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Regent_(N41)" title="HMS Regent (N41)">HMS <i>Regent</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">21 Apr: <a href="/wiki/Flora_Alberta" title="Flora Alberta"><i>Flora Alberta</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Splendid_(P228)" title="HMS Splendid (P228)">HMS <i>Splendid</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">22 Apr: <a href="/wiki/USS_Grenadier_(SS-210)" title="USS Grenadier (SS-210)">USS <i>Grenadier</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">23 Apr: <i><a href="/wiki/Japanese_destroyer_Tade" title="Japanese destroyer Tade">Patrol Boat No. 39</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-189" title="German submarine U-189"><i>U-189</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-191" title="German submarine U-191"><i>U-191</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-602" title="German submarine U-602"><i>U-602</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">24 Apr: <a href="/wiki/SS_El_Estero" title="SS El Estero"><i>El Estero</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Sahib" title="HMS Sahib">HMS <i>Sahib</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-710" title="German submarine U-710"><i>U-710</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">25 Apr: <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-203" title="German submarine U-203"><i>U-203</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">26 Apr: <a href="/wiki/MV_Limerick_(1925)" title="MV Limerick (1925)"><i>Limerick</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">27 Apr: <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-174" title="German submarine U-174"><i>U-174</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">28 Apr: <i><a href="/wiki/Chichibu_Maru" title="Chichibu Maru">Kamakura Maru</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">29 Apr: <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-332" title="German submarine U-332"><i>U-332</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Wollongbar_(1922)" title="SS Wollongbar (1922)"><i>Wollongbar</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">30 Apr: <a href="/wiki/Italian_destroyer_Leone_Pancaldo" title="Italian destroyer Leone Pancaldo"><i>Leone Pancaldo</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-227" title="German submarine U-227"><i>U-227</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Unknown date: <a href="/wiki/USS_Pickerel_(SS-177)" title="USS Pickerel (SS-177)">USS <i>Pickerel</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-376" title="German submarine U-376"><i>U-376</i></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">2 Apr: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-16" title="Japanese submarine I-16"><i>I-16</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-20" title="Japanese submarine I-20"><i>I-20</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">4 Apr: <a href="/wiki/SS_Dover_Hill" title="SS Dover Hill"><i>Dover Hill</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">11 Apr: <a href="/wiki/USS_Albatross_(AM-71)" title="USS Albatross (AM-71)">USS <i>Albatross</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">20 Apr: <a href="/wiki/French_submarine_Ar%C3%A9thuse_(NN7)" title="French submarine Aréthuse (NN7)"><i>Aréthuse</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">30 Apr: <i><a href="/wiki/Greek_destroyer_Vasilefs_Georgios" title="Greek destroyer Vasilefs Georgios">Hermes</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1942" title="List of shipwrecks in 1942">1942</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1942" title="List of shipwrecks in 1942"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1943" title="List of shipwrecks in 1943">1943</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1944" title="List of shipwrecks in 1944"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1944" title="List of shipwrecks in 1944">1944</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_March_1943" title="List of shipwrecks in March 1943">March 1943</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_March_1943" title="List of shipwrecks in March 1943"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_May_1943" title="List of shipwrecks in May 1943"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_May_1943" title="List of shipwrecks in May 1943">May 1943</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MV_Melbourne_Star_(1936)&oldid=1227690316">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MV_Melbourne_Star_(1936)&oldid=1227690316</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1936_ships" title="Category:1936 ships">1936 ships</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cargo_liners" title="Category:Cargo liners">Cargo liners</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Maritime_incidents_in_October_1940" title="Category:Maritime incidents in October 1940">Maritime incidents in October 1940</a></li><li><a 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