CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '92a735bc6fa39fd9',cH: 'wdfA0axWpovCL3c4u.kOufLJdd390s.fCM4d_t7Ptkc-1743669088-1.2.1.1-ry0rM_N1I5S48QIIGzoia0JSsgs3xKnERqp9Lpf3yA.EWNuaYZvtEzt1SA.sVJtY',cUPMDTk: "\/2294\/mla?__cf_chl_tk=HFMJkCqnxWXtIRO2yL9wD4B3_AIenlc9Z_Uy31Hj6dQ-1743669088-1.0.1.1-zIv3H7Yj10_StGW.6OW0QT5S_L2tRoS54HXsnJ9pSlY",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1743669088',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/2294\/mla?__cf_chl_f_tk=HFMJkCqnxWXtIRO2yL9wD4B3_AIenlc9Z_Uy31Hj6dQ-1743669088-1.0.1.1-zIv3H7Yj10_StGW.6OW0QT5S_L2tRoS54HXsnJ9pSlY",md: "eGRuEP9pllJlsA.wAJb4bMJIQOLxMgoD_FiVVUobQ0E-1743669088-1.2.1.1-4_EtlANWnR0.yJ8qKC6pMFO0e39USQvubW2FrKsYWIz2VY4gCWrSB6tqP.BKDExGDMSy0JXE_ihUQ6mK5LbZ0t5t9XuIctLxBFZzf_k23.zfe9Z.i_cLZNtyIQpKQsn6OQw9QEyWuLXNoxHlh0_zDgl3z73MwI8hLKDFCpdWcYBEn.6ye43zFfbYLkL6FtAa_VpSk8HDudKa.M2K89nlCV1w6cplqE9F98w6BvI3rbPsn7SxQabTVXiwtAWWZFWkGjVIE1kucGzG9bvnxzhQ_n.GzUNd0B0ZwnBfzPifnxmiSCkubY4BsrOQMymXcUZyE8fic.xSk_y4cKQ9rSEp0t64WIB_Dip2Ib5Svx3P1uS79l87._rvYtWhI3s7pDIUrNMMripmrZRGgiG93CO7eLXsgqQNb0qKwDyk6fx3ricuzpIaLTfXZdKNzlu36AjafrxD3.ZMAXmxGs.KSYGTqsSrP8X.Z5NhUNq44GBhN2sHtTfZ_bF2JXMSaW8qmn4Qfd6lvPhA3bZqq7CE3reC88ltQ5B_Y1JLhNDUDE86y.VRS5R9Q6nJXrKSkE4kYbzthLmbg5jrZrah62HpmUl3rrbhUSX2911DF8x4LvP.grJvW9q8rHHmjTnJ3RdzqFYWPetj7_JS_34ruSozBWXJtyR8UZad8Cg9CWk3LN6nQ_8sQlz9exAY4gHtYri_1Jb4h6saW8bRJnyvp4TqCn171d0eRM9xsSSRpXR3Bmlho_NzccsxXQTWClQZRUloXc9G7.DeqRpTAoDCs5Ys7Qtc97U69MHNJk8C5ETucpv5XK2aVWjsEm64QEP1ahjfrN1q__58vMsaQ5_MSkHFlSGPZoxcZjrF4eIQBcFFJpC6IS8rC3EkBRgug5TKvbECPzlV5DmcRSbNahMZOjOpbExvMgbdapC6s21yFjMvJ5ffUtfy6M5YVSv1AYMN2plK6tFuWdH2j5dtJBJLfLBUQ_V0C.wknYnPA0ohKbmnb7A0H8TXmRVJUTNabCiAwtz76LAQyeXGbXu1.Orhm8dYuPJKg_hWjccSk9lCtEJ925g4R4Gj1HEIwYaAPQ_l_t33_Wgpqma6isbdjCfJf2Sy.GuxbEj_4Ig5dWe0jVWFp33my0fVvy00W0EvBC4Ffcn3v0dA78E5JYLiOyyAPdXU2Veu.2k6cn5wAoOi912fCJAvPxNSOhYGQO73Env.CSzhy5nKCS1dFChKIlDbQShZnOOTlQ",mdrd: "iSNgaysn2cg7x4MNuJ227AS3c_jGROyS9OYCZSuo2WQ-1743669088-1.2.1.1-ZxfCmQokhtC4ZoECiKIb5DvDFC.zw3TxSA.MqQohohSnbiLR.G2APYLEMi.E4IlwuBNCuPe3xK0WeIHBpBiUwHLryk0Em7.JHYfVpG5IrUgGvGS6OfSrPSMBaknpg6T8wCETNPl9IwrELfR2_pQNX4vTO3I5zu7BV04P8pN2Ue4uOIWd6Sd79kHe_JcJth0yySHoPwDE.xnl8Xti2Z9gc59H.lln1vE3EJC.0z7P6di.cVVXS6j.qJSgMgEvLgt_L8iyFvQEaOmfnQOfyLGoJShL7GxhdAwBOHd4XozLvJW_w7IXhH08xg81vRSI_J62ZVH779MQ3xtL68Ul_DLQjZGCW_2lBGM7w2XpmZAJkyJkdHc62ZqjF.k5oAlt1yP0rtZpdEpjOW_ygI5baLUsV4z6y.C_loIwfuL80BjH7_6aD63LbjMwalWz9zAw_QuTPqo6Zm3H03273YB1CZDYaZ_5eUM0aRc7iZELTvrXuBnMEfNLLc4cMf5cFAFDMa3WkmVeDk6xvqM3iHnH0iAopg0Gh4U0qMM6ZZDzrN3J3qGoFmmjeZWpqQ6rAE.9mgvhSIsG43OPRKOEHEqXHGvHsBLcrjwgSuYaw_07bScDfUtmWHGc4cZLL5SfRqE.OZQDU0U.BMzh75MTNS6noe1C8OJUgT.hyM7gyIKnV2z0Y9nP3IxTsusUb_h9XrDGyMOx3IDgLLXvLUMstgnQD2eCv5gm4AXaQ5XKnF1YDDdPawLvOX0ZlTJo4Unpq4NZ27useO9c6XgRc.1RONSCkARtLcX8OFbK9cOb_6wL360DW6EOkt2el18Af05WV2O4eRUtPocNJN4Ty2YV18zb1jbdWM_DFwQ47pFshxOMKlR4sEuQd7rKZlQ6Rjml4aOZJY0vSKpUZbhV89QOf64BhHse8Y3Sp1ys9aTEVdSNqqf22FAO32n8hPGUST1NhbdzJJGbQ23VP_hc7HqUZ4CQgaPf95P6RD8wqozu26y6Jy6o3cd3YiqTwuva3kSotEMd2uH.ESwNs1UJDGp9jJdagTRY.qf5.dhjOQ2_FQAubAX4QQGW2ygmU1GjSfnQRrYMNUBcgQe4xp3t3ruuTCraV9OpfRcO14jl.bEMa2jhSfHUbcbVNBc9abkQcYnAiq3SsebGGR_xk8T0d5SxQVi8IzP3z0F8HeWjyoOeIf0BkAjkXRfPfLXndNzTfrDV6G7vaywt3D2bu0ptAS1jaf2KjZBk.ZSRyjS_lis9tJr79qEqNyyodeq79Wu4DtipOmjcCtMhS508DdHpGyLusIxkuacPKKc2XDbGs8Wpqfo2.bUPwSlsNrQ8xXTQJyb6TaSpugPUuUKo6IhXQelGcy5Lz3SGtd4CqoE6kmZkb9TM45muBhz2aVuphN1i2Y2DBERjWMhBsNZP4Q3StOLv4.Vkse2FBnm2yNVhq5JxKkVqaoI0yPZtRDslB1xhJ4O9oMgmyVQ8cO0.ec0MU0vUXYmJAGovIU7PQ4.vSeoWfoj9EyGQPEkLHT6jVfGUALpJ9W4P1HnFlvC3aFXYsVtFyEIN0rPB0EoP0xM4WR4BsHt6f1IwEQy03nIWp4riq5FJh.C0FpwWw7n0e2t.ZkUe1Iy2_q5qKGLiHe5cRD_CjZ9DyZn.mwqdTBTEHXShzvrwpK92ScctLTNlS.EtgWCp7nDXTz4jUauGIMz.2EoFEIOQU3Ix_6BYahuEmDJYqHd7L0iOhngbtya91v7tw1GBE3N9yG4NuNHV6JZVPH4l4CIxsZyvNLLfhF0tCkkloIg1NjGYeWh9ZRqKExpbbse5Cj1z4BdDbroxW.fmlQgVtNJ2RxDcaNMTP_udLzwoeUF3aAeW86v3xQ5PIlRcBgBPJGphNjITT9Ij92OPZxlBIM9Zx.gn8Lzf8wOm9AG3cMq1aYZw7j80Foe7GFDV5.kofLC2Z.FcXHYvmy6OPDnNIyrZK1zU1OJJnvElMvXs57SumZn0nngK2mY3ZwhRj2KnXdTxrmEpa6g5rWHRjDxnSyhcLivIvwXaeY1KDIeZ6V0ago3T9UWQOTIoMquiGWSoXSyRtogRQQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=92a735bc6fa39fd9';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/2294\/mla?__cf_chl_rt_tk=HFMJkCqnxWXtIRO2yL9wD4B3_AIenlc9Z_Uy31Hj6dQ-1743669088-1.0.1.1-zIv3H7Yj10_StGW.6OW0QT5S_L2tRoS54HXsnJ9pSlY" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>